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Diffstat (limited to 'doc/bash.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 13542 |
1 files changed, 6915 insertions, 6627 deletions
diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 35da9d02..deccb7a7 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Wed Aug 31 10:23:59 2016 +%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 19 09:43:22 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 -%%Pages: 78 +%%Pages: 80 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ BP 108 96 Q(ain SHell)-.05 E F1(SYNOPSIS)72 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (bash)108 124.8 Q F0([options] [command_string | \214le])2.5 E F1 (COPYRIGHT)72 141.6 Q F0(Bash is Cop)108 153.6 Q -(yright \251 1989-2016 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E +(yright \251 1989-2018 by the Free Softw)-.1 E(are F)-.1 E (oundation, Inc.)-.15 E F1(DESCRIPTION)72 170.4 Q F2(Bash)108 182.4 Q F0 .973(is an)3.474 F F2(sh)3.473 E F0 .973 (-compatible command language interpreter that e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G .973 @@ -257,19 +257,19 @@ BP ell and Utilities portion of the IEEE POSIX)3.027 F (speci\214cation \(IEEE Standard 1003.1\).)108 223.2 Q F2(Bash)5 E F0 (can be con\214gured to be POSIX-conformant by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(OPTIONS)72 240 Q F0 .766(All of the single-character shell options doc\ -umented in the description of the)108 252 R F2(set)3.266 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.266 G .766(iltin command can be).2 F 1.284 -(used as options when the shell is in)108 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.785(d. In).1 F(addition,)3.785 E F2(bash)3.785 E F0 1.285 -(interprets the follo)3.785 F 1.285(wing options when it is)-.25 F(in) -108 276 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d:).1 E F2<ad63>108 292.8 Q F0 .881 -(If the)158 292.8 R F2<ad63>3.381 E F0 .881(option is present, then com\ -mands are read from the \214rst non-option ar)3.381 F(gument)-.18 E F3 -(com-)3.38 E(mand_string)158 304.8 Q F0 5.743(.I).22 G 3.243(ft)-5.743 G -.743(here are ar)-3.243 F .743(guments after the)-.18 F F3 -(command_string)3.243 E F0 3.243(,t).22 G .744(he \214rst ar)-3.243 F -.744(gument is assigned)-.18 F(to)158 316.8 Q F2($0)2.919 E F0 .419 +(OPTIONS)72 240 Q F0 .483(All of the single-character shell options doc\ +umented in the description of the)108 252 R F2(set)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.983 G .483(iltin command, includ-).2 F(ing)108 264 Q F2<ad6f>2.718 E +F0 2.718(,c)C .218(an be used as options when the shell is in)-2.718 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.718(d. In).1 F(addition,)2.719 E F2(bash) +2.719 E F0 .219(interprets the follo)2.719 F .219(wing options)-.25 F +(when it is in)108 276 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d:).1 E F2<ad63>108 +292.8 Q F0 .881(If the)158 292.8 R F2<ad63>3.381 E F0 .881(option is pr\ +esent, then commands are read from the \214rst non-option ar)3.381 F +(gument)-.18 E F3(com-)3.38 E(mand_string)158 304.8 Q F0 5.743(.I).22 G +3.243(ft)-5.743 G .743(here are ar)-3.243 F .743(guments after the)-.18 +F F3(command_string)3.243 E F0 3.243(,t).22 G .744(he \214rst ar)-3.243 +F .744(gument is assigned)-.18 F(to)158 316.8 Q F2($0)2.919 E F0 .419 (and an)2.919 F 2.919(yr)-.15 G .419(emaining ar)-2.919 F .418 (guments are assigned to the positional parameters.)-.18 F .418 (The assignment)5.418 F(to)158 328.8 Q F2($0)2.5 E F0 @@ -288,14 +288,14 @@ E F2<ad73>108 376.8 Q F0 .602(If the)158 376.8 R F2<ad73>3.102 E F0 .602 (guments remain after option processing, then commands)-.18 F .617 (are read from the standard input.)158 388.8 R .617(This option allo) 5.617 F .616(ws the positional parameters to be set when)-.25 F(in)158 -400.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(king an interacti).2 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell.) -.15 E F2<ad44>108 412.8 Q F0 3.183(Al)158 412.8 S .683 -(ist of all double-quoted strings preceded by)-3.183 F F2($)3.184 E F0 -.684(is printed on the standard output.)3.184 F .684(These are)5.684 F -.458(the strings that are subject to language translation when the curr\ -ent locale is not)158 424.8 R F2(C)2.958 E F0(or)2.958 E F2(POSIX)2.958 -E F0(.)A(This implies the)158 436.8 Q F2<ad6e>2.5 E F0 -(option; no commands will be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2 +400.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(king an interacti).2 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +(hell or when reading input through a pipe.).15 E F2<ad44>108 412.8 Q F0 +3.183(Al)158 412.8 S .683(ist of all double-quoted strings preceded by) +-3.183 F F2($)3.184 E F0 .684(is printed on the standard output.)3.184 F +.684(These are)5.684 F .458(the strings that are subject to language tr\ +anslation when the current locale is not)158 424.8 R F2(C)2.958 E F0(or) +2.958 E F2(POSIX)2.958 E F0(.)A(This implies the)158 436.8 Q F2<ad6e>2.5 +E F0(option; no commands will be e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2 ([\255+]O [)108 448.8 Q F3(shopt_option)A F2(])A F3(shopt_option)158 460.8 Q F0 1.097(is one of the shell options accepted by the)3.596 F F2 (shopt)3.597 E F0 -.2(bu)3.597 G 1.097(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.097 @@ -339,8 +339,8 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E 1.598(instead of the standard personal initialization \214le)4.279 F F3 (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E -(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(1)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +(TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(1)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(2) -197.055 E 0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(2)198.45 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -598,8 +598,7 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(3)197.055 E 0 Cg -EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(3)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -667,2943 +666,3036 @@ F(ariables)-.92 E F0(belo)108 348 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G .85 (total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.)108 376.8 R(The)6.073 E F4(TIMEFORMA)3.573 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.323 G 1.073(riable may be).25 F -(used to specify the format of the time information.)108 388.8 Q -(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 405.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 E F2(Lists)87 -422.4 Q F0(A)108 434.4 Q F1(list)2.849 E F0 .349(is a sequence of one o\ -r more pipelines separated by one of the operators)2.849 F F2(;)2.85 E -F0(,)A F2(&)2.85 E F0(,)A F2(&&)2.85 E F0 2.85(,o)C(r)-2.85 E F2(||)2.85 -E F0 2.85(,a)C .35(nd option-)-2.85 F(ally terminated by one of)108 -446.4 Q F2(;)2.5 E F0(,)A F2(&)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(<newline>) -2.5 E F0(.)A .961(Of these list operators,)108 463.2 R F2(&&)3.461 E F0 -(and)3.461 E F2(||)3.461 E F0(ha)3.461 E 1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961 -(qual precedence, follo).15 F .96(wed by)-.25 F F2(;)3.46 E F0(and)3.46 -E F2(&)3.46 E F0 3.46(,w)C .96(hich ha)-3.46 F 1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .96 -(qual prece-).15 F(dence.)108 475.2 Q 2.5(As)108 492 S -(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F1(list) -2.5 E F0(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 -(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 508.8 R F2(&) +(used to specify the format of the time information.)108 388.8 Q .655 +(Each command in a pipeline is e)108 405.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .656 +(cuted as a separate process \(i.e., in a subshell\).).15 F(See)5.656 E +F4 .656(COMMAND EXE-)3.156 F 1.106(CUTION ENVIR)108 417.6 R(ONMENT)-.27 +E F0 1.106(for a description of a subshell en)3.356 F 3.606 +(vironment. If)-.4 F(the)3.606 E F2(lastpipe)3.606 E F0 1.105 +(option is enabled)3.606 F .744(using the)108 429.6 R F2(shopt)3.244 E +F0 -.2(bu)3.244 G .744(iltin \(see the description of).2 F F2(shopt) +3.245 E F0(belo)3.245 E .745 +(w\), the last element of a pipeline may be run by)-.25 F +(the shell process.)108 441.6 Q F2(Lists)87 458.4 Q F0(A)108 470.4 Q F1 +(list)2.85 E F0 .35(is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by\ + one of the operators)2.85 F F2(;)2.849 E F0(,)A F2(&)2.849 E F0(,)A F2 +(&&)2.849 E F0 2.849(,o)C(r)-2.849 E F2(||)2.849 E F0 2.849(,a)C .349 +(nd option-)-2.849 F(ally terminated by one of)108 482.4 Q F2(;)2.5 E F0 +(,)A F2(&)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2(<newline>)2.5 E F0(.)A .96 +(Of these list operators,)108 499.2 R F2(&&)3.46 E F0(and)3.46 E F2(||) +3.46 E F0(ha)3.46 E 1.26 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual precedence, follo).15 +F .961(wed by)-.25 F F2(;)3.461 E F0(and)3.461 E F2(&)3.461 E F0 3.461 +(,w)C .961(hich ha)-3.461 F 1.261 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .961(qual prece-).15 F +(dence.)108 511.2 Q 2.5(As)108 528 S(equence of one or more ne)-2.5 E +(wlines may appear in a)-.25 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 +(instead of a semicolon to delimit commands.)2.5 E .029 +(If a command is terminated by the control operator)108 544.8 R F2(&) 2.529 E F0 2.529(,t)C .029(he shell e)-2.529 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .029 -(cutes the command in the).15 F F1(bac)2.529 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 -(in)2.529 E 2.876(as)108 520.8 S 2.876(ubshell. The)-2.876 F .376 -(shell does not w)2.876 F .375 -(ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .375 -(Commands sepa-)5.375 F .848(rated by a)108 532.8 R F2(;)3.348 E F0 .848 -(are e)3.348 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F -.849(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .849(The return) -5.849 F(status is the e)108 544.8 Q(xit status of the last command e) +(cutes the command in the).15 F F1(bac)2.528 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 +(in)2.528 E 2.875(as)108 556.8 S 2.875(ubshell. The)-2.875 F .375 +(shell does not w)2.875 F .375 +(ait for the command to \214nish, and the return status is 0.)-.1 F .376 +(Commands sepa-)5.376 F .849(rated by a)108 568.8 R F2(;)3.349 E F0 .849 +(are e)3.349 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .848(cuted sequentially; the shell w).15 F +.848(aits for each command to terminate in turn.)-.1 F .848(The return) +5.848 F(status is the e)108 580.8 Q(xit status of the last command e) -.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .937(AND and OR lists are sequences \ -of one or more pipelines separated by the)108 561.6 R F2(&&)3.436 E F0 -(and)3.436 E F2(||)3.436 E F0 .936(control operators,)3.436 F(respecti) -108 573.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 +of one or more pipelines separated by the)108 597.6 R F2(&&)3.437 E F0 +(and)3.437 E F2(||)3.437 E F0 .937(control operators,)3.437 F(respecti) +108 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5(.A)-.65 G(ND and OR lists are e)-5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G -2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F1(command1)144 590.4 Q F2(&&) -2.5 E F1(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 607.2 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe) +2.5(nA)-5 G(ND list has the form)-2.5 E F1(command1)144 626.4 Q F2(&&) +2.5 E F1(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 643.2 Q F0(is e)2.52 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuted if, and only if,).15 E F1(command1)2.7 E F0(returns an e) -2.5 E(xit status of zero.)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 624 Q F1 -(command1)144 640.8 Q F2(||)2.5 E F1(command2)2.5 E(command2)108.2 657.6 -Q F0 .728(is e)3.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .729(cuted if and only if).15 F F1 -(command1)3.429 E F0 .729(returns a non-zero e)3.229 F .729(xit status.) --.15 F .729(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 -669.6 Q(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E F2(Compound Commands)87 686.4 Q F0(A)108 698.4 -Q F1 1.054(compound command)3.554 F F0 1.054(is one of the follo)3.554 F -3.553(wing. In)-.25 F 1.053(most cases a)3.553 F F1(list)3.553 E F0 -1.053(in a command')3.553 F 3.553(sd)-.55 G 1.053(escription may be) --3.553 F 1.026(separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne) -108 710.4 R 1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.027(wed by a ne)-.25 -F 1.027(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(4)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +2.5 E(xit status of zero \(success\).)-.15 E(An OR list has the form)108 +660 Q F1(command1)144 676.8 Q F2(||)2.5 E F1(command2)2.5 E(command2) +108.2 693.6 Q F0 .435(is e)2.955 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .435 +(cuted if, and only if,).15 F F1(command1)3.135 E F0 .435 +(returns a non-zero e)2.935 F .435(xit status.)-.15 F .434 +(The return status of AND)5.434 F(and OR lists is the e)108 705.6 Q +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E +(4)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(\()108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(list)A F0(\))A F1(list)144 84 Q F0 .011(is e)2.512 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .011(cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see) --.4 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT) --.27 E F0(belo)2.261 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 96 S 1.063 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Compound Commands)87 84 Q F0(A)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.053 +(compound command)3.553 F F0 1.053(is one of the follo)3.553 F 3.553 +(wing. In)-.25 F 1.053(most cases a)3.553 F F2(list)3.553 E F0 1.054 +(in a command')3.554 F 3.554(sd)-.55 G 1.054(escription may be)-3.554 F +1.027(separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne)108 108 R +1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.026(wed by a ne)-.25 F 1.026 +(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 120 Q(\()108 136.8 Q F2(list) +A F0(\))A F2(list)144 136.8 Q F0 .011(is e)2.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .011 +(cuted in a subshell en).15 F .011(vironment \(see)-.4 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF .011(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.511 F(ONMENT)-.27 E F0 +(belo)2.262 E(w\).)-.25 E -1.11(Va)144 148.8 S 1.064 (riable assignments and b)1.11 F 1.064(uiltin commands that af)-.2 F 1.064(fect the shell')-.25 F 3.564(se)-.55 G -.4(nv)-3.564 G 1.064 -(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef)144 108 Q +(ironment do not remain in).4 F(ef)144 160.8 Q (fect after the command completes.)-.25 E(The return status is the e)5 E -(xit status of)-.15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A({)108 124.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E -F0 2.5(;})C F1(list)144 124.8 Q F0 .402(is simply e)2.902 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .401(cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F1(list) -5.401 E F0 .401(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .401(wline or)-.25 -F 3.214(semicolon. This)144 136.8 R .714(is kno)3.214 F .714(wn as a) --.25 F F1(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 -(he return status is the e)-5.715 F .715(xit status of)-.15 F F1(list) -3.215 E F0 5.715(.N)C(ote)-5.715 E .22(that unlik)144 148.8 R 2.72(et) --.1 G .22(he metacharacters)-2.72 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()2.72 E F0 -(and)2.72 E F3(\))2.72 E F0(,)A F3({)2.72 E F0(and)2.72 E F3(})2.719 E -F0(are)2.719 E F1 -.37(re)2.719 G .219(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 -.219(and must occur where a reserv)2.719 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 160.8 S -.256(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .256(Since the)5.256 F 2.756 -(yd)-.15 G 2.756(on)-2.756 G .257(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .257 -(ord break, the)-.1 F 2.757(ym)-.15 G .257(ust be separated)-2.757 F -(from)144 172.8 Q F1(list)2.5 E F0 -(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E(\(\()108 -189.6 Q F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 201.6 Q F1 --.2(ex)2.552 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .052(is e)2.552 F -.25(va)-.25 G -.051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 2.551(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-2.551 E F2 .051(ARITHMETIC EV)2.551 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E -(TION)144 213.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v)4.91 F .411 -(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the return status is \ -0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(is 1.)144 225.6 Q(This is e)5 E -(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F3(let ")2.5 E F1 -.2 -(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(")A F0(.)A F3([[)108 242.4 Q F1 -.2(ex) -2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(]])2.5 E F0 1.3 -(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 254.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G -1.299(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex) -3.799 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.273 -(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 266.4 R -4.774(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.774 E F2(CONDITION)4.774 E 2.274(AL EXPRES-)-.18 -F(SIONS)144 278.4 Q F4(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.633 G 1.133 +(xit status of)-.15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A({)108 177.6 Q F2(list)2.5 E +F0 2.5(;})C F2(list)144 177.6 Q F0 .401(is simply e)2.901 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .401(cuted in the current shell en).15 F(vironment.)-.4 E F2(list) +5.401 E F0 .402(must be terminated with a ne)2.901 F .402(wline or)-.25 +F 3.215(semicolon. This)144 189.6 R .715(is kno)3.215 F .715(wn as a) +-.25 F F2(gr)3.215 E .715(oup command)-.45 F F0 5.715(.T)C .715 +(he return status is the e)-5.715 F .714(xit status of)-.15 F F2(list) +3.214 E F0 5.714(.N)C(ote)-5.714 E .219(that unlik)144 201.6 R 2.719(et) +-.1 G .219(he metacharacters)-2.719 F F1(\()2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1 +(\))2.719 E F0(,)A F1({)2.719 E F0(and)2.719 E F1(})2.719 E F0(are)2.719 +E F2 -.37(re)2.72 G .22(served wor).37 F(ds)-.37 E F0 .22 +(and must occur where a reserv)2.72 F(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)144 213.6 S .257 +(rd is permitted to be recognized.).1 F .257(Since the)5.257 F 2.757(yd) +-.15 G 2.756(on)-2.757 G .256(ot cause a w)-2.756 F .256(ord break, the) +-.1 F 2.756(ym)-.15 G .256(ust be separated)-2.756 F(from)144 225.6 Q F2 +(list)2.5 E F0(by whitespace or another shell metacharacter)2.5 E(.)-.55 +E(\(\()108 242.4 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(\)\))A(The)144 +254.4 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.551 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .051(is e)2.551 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .051(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F +2.552(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.552 E F3 .052(ARITHMETIC EV)2.552 F(ALU)-1.215 E +(A-)-.54 E(TION)144 266.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .411(If the v) +4.911 F .411(alue of the e)-.25 F .411(xpression is non-zero, the retur\ +n status is 0; otherwise the return status)-.15 F(is 1.)144 278.4 Q +(This is e)5 E(xactly equi)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(let ") +2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(")A F0(.)A F1([[)108 295.2 Q +F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(]])2.5 E F0 1.299 +(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the e)144 307.2 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.8 G +(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(.)A 2.274 +(Expressions are composed of the primaries described belo)144 319.2 R +4.773(wu)-.25 G(nder)-4.773 E F3(CONDITION)4.773 E 2.273(AL EXPRES-)-.18 +F(SIONS)144 331.2 Q F4(.)A F0 -.8(Wo)5.632 G 1.133 (rd splitting and pathname e).8 F 1.133 (xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F -F3([[)3.632 E F0(and)144 290.4 Q F3(]])2.963 E F0 2.963(;t)C .463 -(ilde e)-2.963 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e) --.25 F .464(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .464 +F1([[)3.633 E F0(and)144 343.2 Q F1(]])2.964 E F0 2.964(;t)C .464 +(ilde e)-2.964 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e) +-.25 F .463(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .463 (xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.081 -(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 302.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G +(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 355.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081 -(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F3<ad66>3.58 E F0 -(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 314.4 Q -(When used with)144 332.4 Q F3([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E -F0(and)2.5 E F3(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .502(When the)144 -350.4 R F3(==)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F3(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ +(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F1<ad66>3.581 E F0 +(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 367.2 Q +(When used with)144 385.2 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E +F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144 +403.2 R F1(==)3.003 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(!=)3.002 E F0 .502(operators ar\ e used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a pat-) 3.002 F .81(tern and matched according to the rules described belo)144 -362.4 R 3.31(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.31 E F3 -.1(Pa)3.31 G(tter).1 E 3.31(nM) +415.2 R 3.31(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.31 E F1 -.1(Pa)3.31 G(tter).1 E 3.31(nM) -.15 G(atching)-3.31 E F0 3.31(,a)C 3.31(si)-3.31 G 3.31(ft)-3.31 G(he) --3.31 E F3(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 374.4 Q F0 1.389 -(shell option were enabled.)3.889 F(The)6.389 E F3(=)3.889 E F0 1.389 -(operator is equi)3.889 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.389(lent to).25 F F3(==)3.89 -E F0 6.39(.I)C 3.89(ft)-6.39 G(he)-3.89 E F3(nocasematch)3.89 E F0 -(shell)3.89 E .272(option is enabled, the match is performed without re) -144 386.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .271 -(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F(The)5.271 E 1.067 -(return v)144 398.4 R 1.068(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F F3 -(==)A F0 3.568(\)o)C 3.568(rd)-3.568 G 1.068(oes not match \()-3.568 F -F3(!=)A F0 3.568(\)t)C 1.068(he pattern, and 1 otherwise.)-3.568 F(An) -144 410.4 Q 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted to force the\ - quoted portion to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 -(An additional binary operator)144 428.4 R(,)-.4 E F3(=~)2.743 E F0 +-3.31 E F1(ext-)3.31 E(glob)144 427.2 Q F0 1.39 +(shell option were enabled.)3.89 F(The)6.39 E F1(=)3.889 E F0 1.389 +(operator is equi)3.889 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.389(lent to).25 F F1(==)3.889 +E F0 6.389(.I)C 3.889(ft)-6.389 G(he)-3.889 E F1(nocasematch)3.889 E F0 +(shell)3.889 E .271 +(option is enabled, the match is performed without re)144 439.2 R -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .272(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F(The)5.272 +E 1.068(return v)144 451.2 R 1.068(alue is 0 if the string matches \() +-.25 F F1(==)A F0 3.568(\)o)C 3.568(rd)-3.568 G 1.068(oes not match \() +-3.568 F F1(!=)A F0 3.568(\)t)C 1.067(he pattern, and 1 otherwise.) +-3.568 F(An)144 463.2 Q 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted \ +to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 +(An additional binary operator)144 481.2 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 -(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F3(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E -F3(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 +(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F1(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E +F1(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 (used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144 -440.4 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954 -(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 452.4 R F1 +493.2 R 1.953(xtended re)-.15 F 1.953(gular e)-.15 F 1.953 +(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 505.2 R F2 -.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207 (return v)2.707 F .207 -(alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.345 -(otherwise. If)144 464.4 R .845(the re)3.345 F .845(gular e)-.15 F .846 +(alue is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1)-.25 F 3.346 +(otherwise. If)144 517.2 R .846(the re)3.346 F .846(gular e)-.15 F .845 (xpression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional e)-.15 F -(xpression')-.15 E 3.346(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.346 E -.25(va)144 476.4 S -.667(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the)5.667 F F3(nocasematch)3.167 E F0 .667 +(xpression')-.15 E 3.345(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.345 E -.25(va)144 529.2 S +.666(lue is 2.).25 F .667(If the)5.667 F F1(nocasematch)3.167 E F0 .667 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.167 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .666(rd to).05 F .592(the case of alphabetic characters.)144 -488.4 R(An)5.592 E 3.092(yp)-.15 G .593 -(art of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted por)-3.092 F(-)-.2 -E 1.016(tion to be matched as a string.)144 500.4 R(Brack)6.016 E 1.016 +(ga)-.15 G .667(rd to).05 F .593(the case of alphabetic characters.)144 +541.2 R(An)5.593 E 3.093(yp)-.15 G .592 +(art of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted por)-3.093 F(-)-.2 +E 1.016(tion to be matched as a string.)144 553.2 R(Brack)6.016 E 1.016 (et e)-.1 F 1.016(xpressions in re)-.15 F 1.016(gular e)-.15 F 1.016 -(xpressions must be treated care-)-.15 F(fully)144 512.4 Q 4.435(,s)-.65 -G 1.935 -(ince normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brack)-4.435 -F 4.436(ets. If)-.1 F 1.936(the pattern is)4.436 F .265 -(stored in a shell v)144 524.4 R .265(ariable, quoting the v)-.25 F .264 -(ariable e)-.25 F .264 -(xpansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as)-.15 F 3.773(as)144 -536.4 S 3.773(tring. Substrings)-3.773 F 1.274 -(matched by parenthesized sube)3.773 F 1.274(xpressions within the re) --.15 F 1.274(gular e)-.15 F 1.274(xpression are)-.15 F(sa)144 548.4 Q --.15(ve)-.2 G 3.097(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.097 G .597(he array v)-3.097 F -(ariable)-.25 E F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F4(.)A F0 -.597(The element of)5.097 F F2 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E -F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0)-.15 G(is)-.001 E .049 -(the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 560.4 R .049 -(gular e)-.15 F 2.549(xpression. The)-.15 F .05(element of)2.55 F F2 --.27(BA)2.55 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 572.4 Q(x)-.15 -E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is the portion of the string matching the)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 -E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 590.4 R .785 +(xpressions must be treated care-)-.15 F(fully)144 565.2 Q 4.436(,s)-.65 +G 1.936 +(ince normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brack)-4.436 +F 4.435(ets. If)-.1 F 1.935(the pattern is)4.435 F .264 +(stored in a shell v)144 577.2 R .264(ariable, quoting the v)-.25 F .264 +(ariable e)-.25 F .265 +(xpansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as)-.15 F 3.774(as)144 +589.2 S 3.774(tring. Substrings)-3.774 F 1.274 +(matched by parenthesized sube)3.774 F 1.273(xpressions within the re) +-.15 F 1.273(gular e)-.15 F 1.273(xpression are)-.15 F(sa)144 601.2 Q +-.15(ve)-.2 G 3.096(di).15 G 3.097(nt)-3.096 G .597(he array v)-3.097 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F4(.)A F0 +.597(The element of)5.097 F F3 -.27(BA)3.097 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E +F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0i)-.15 G(s)-3.097 E .049 +(the portion of the string matching the entire re)144 613.2 R .049 +(gular e)-.15 F 2.549(xpression. The)-.15 F .049(element of)2.549 F F3 +-.27(BA)2.549 G(SH_REMA).27 E(TCH)-.855 E F0(with inde)144 625.2 Q(x) +-.15 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is the portion of the string matching the)2.5 E F2 +(n)2.5 E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 643.2 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F(dence:)144 -602.4 Q F3(\()144 620.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F3(\)) -2.5 E F0 .522(Returns the v)180 632.4 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F1 -.2(ex) +655.2 Q F1(\()144 673.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)) +2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 685.2 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F -(operators.)180 644.4 Q F3(!)144 656.4 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession) --.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 668.4 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -(ession)-.37 E F0(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 680.4 S(pr).2 E -(ession1)-.37 E F3(&&)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 692.4 S(ue if both).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1) --.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.) -2.52 E F1 -.2(ex)144 704.4 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F3(||)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 716.4 S(ue if either).35 -E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr) -.2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(5)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +(operators.)180 697.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(5) +198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)3.641 E F0(and)3.641 E F1(||)3.641 E F0 1.141 -(operators do not e)3.641 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141 -(if the v)3.641 F 1.14(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.64 G(pr).2 E(ession1) --.37 E F0 1.14(is suf)3.64 F 1.14(\214cient to)-.25 F -(determine the return v)144 96 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E -(xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 112.8 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5 -([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5 -(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .423 -(The list of w)144 124.8 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.923 -E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F -.424(The v)5.424 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to) -2.924 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 136.8 R F2(list) -3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F -.653(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 -(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e) -144 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(!)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 96 S(ue if).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 +(is f)2.74 E(alse.)-.1 E F2 -.2(ex)144 108 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1 +(&&)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 120 S +(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 +132 S(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F1(||)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 144 S(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 +E F0(is true.)2.52 E(The)144 160.8 Q F1(&&)3.64 E F0(and)3.64 E F1(||) +3.64 E F0 1.14(operators do not e)3.64 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25 E F2 +-.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141(if the v)3.641 F 1.141 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0 1.141 +(is suf)3.641 F 1.141(\214cient to)-.25 F(determine the return v)144 +172.8 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E(xpression.)-.15 E F1 +-.25(fo)108 189.6 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([) +2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2 +(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .424(The list of w)144 201.6 R +.424(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.924 E F0 .423(is e)2.924 F +.423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F .423(The v)5.423 F +(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.923 E F0 .423(is set to)2.923 F .653 +(each element of this list in turn, and)144 213.6 R F2(list)3.153 E F0 +.653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F .653 +(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653 +(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .649(command e) +144 225.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.149 E F0 .648 (once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).) --.25 E .154(The return status is the e)144 160.8 R .153 -(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653 -(cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F -(follo)144 172.8 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.898 E(w\).) +-.25 E .153(The return status is the e)144 237.6 R .153 +(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.654 +(cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F +(follo)144 249.6 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0 (results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 189.6 S(r).25 E +(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 266.4 S(r).25 E F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2 -(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e) -144 201.6 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) -3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236 -(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G -(nder)-3.736 E F3 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 213.6 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) --.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e) -5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e) -3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144 -225.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F +(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.236(First, the arithmetic e) +144 278.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.736 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e) +3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235 +(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G +(nder)-3.735 E F3 .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 290.4 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT) +-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .561(The arithmetic e) +5.061 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 .562(is then e) +3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G .562(luated repeatedly until).25 F .592(it e)144 +302.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .592(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.592 F F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592 -(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e) -3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144 -237.6 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F +(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e) +3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144 +314.4 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229 (xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G -2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G -.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 249.6 R .227 -(alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 -(list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f) -.15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728 -E -.15(ex)144 261.6 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1 -(select)108 278.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) +2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G +.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 326.4 R .228 +(alue is the e)-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2 +(list)2.728 E F0 .227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f) +.15 F .227(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727 +E -.15(ex)144 338.4 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1 +(select)108 355.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d) -.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 -.433(The list of w)144 290.4 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) -2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) --.15 F .432(The set of e)5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842 -(is printed on the standard error)144 302.4 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 +.432(The list of w)144 367.2 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in) +2.932 E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.) +-.15 F .433(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843 +(is printed on the standard error)144 379.2 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842 (ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he) --3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843 -(is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) -144 314.4 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 +-3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842 +(is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see) +144 391.2 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701 (w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a) -2.451 F .213(line read from the standard input.)144 326.4 R .213 -(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213 -F 1.538(played w)144 338.4 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of) --.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If) --.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037 -F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 350.4 R 2.565 -(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An) -5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25 -F F2(name)144.36 362.4 Q F0 .954(to be set to null.)3.634 F .954 -(The line read is sa)5.954 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.453(di).15 G 3.453(nt) --3.453 G .953(he v)-3.453 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.453 E(Y)-.828 E F4 -(.)A F0(The)5.453 E F2(list)3.543 E F0 .953(is e)4.133 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.953(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 374.4 R F1(br) +2.451 F .214(line read from the standard input.)144 403.2 R .213 +(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.214 +F 1.537(played w)144 415.2 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of) +-.25 F F2(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If) +-.1 F 1.538(the line is empty)4.038 F 4.038(,t)-.65 G 1.538(he w)-4.038 +F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 427.2 R 2.566 +(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An) +5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G .065(ther v)-2.565 F .065(alue read causes)-.25 +F F2(name)144.36 439.2 Q F0 .953(to be set to null.)3.633 F .953 +(The line read is sa)5.953 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.454(di).15 G 3.454(nt) +-3.454 G .954(he v)-3.454 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.454 E(Y)-.828 E F4 +(.)A F0(The)5.454 E F2(list)3.544 E F0 .954(is e)4.134 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.954(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 451.2 R F1(br) 2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571 (cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select) -2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F -(last command e)144 386.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E +2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F +(last command e)144 463.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 403.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 -E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 480 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5 E +F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2 (pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...) -2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 415.2 Q F1(case)3.265 E F0 .764 -(command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 +2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 492 Q F1(case)3.264 E F0 .764 +(command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F -F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .595 -(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 427.2 R .595(xpansion \(see) --.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .596(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.096 E -3.096(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.096 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.096 E -.15(ex)144 -439.2 S 1.72(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.72(xpansion, parameter and v) --.15 F 1.72(ariable e)-.25 F 1.72(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.72 -(xpansion, com-)-.15 F 1.268 -(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 451.2 R -.25 -(va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G -1.269(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .203(using tilde e)144 463.2 R -.203(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .203(ariable e)-.25 F .203 -(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .203(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.232(tion, and process substitution.)144 475.2 R .233(If the)5.233 F F1 -(nocasematch)2.733 E F0 .233 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed)2.733 F .234 -(without re)144 487.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .234 -(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .234 -(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.234 F F2(list)2.734 E F0 -.625(is e)144 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.125(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.125 E -F1(;;)3.125 E F0 .625(operator is used, no subsequent matches are attem\ -pted after the \214rst pattern)3.125 F 2.932(match. Using)144 511.2 R F1 -(;&)2.932 E F0 .432(in place of)2.932 F F1(;;)2.932 E F0 .432(causes e) -2.932 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .432(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list) -2.932 E F0 .431(associated with the ne)2.931 F(xt)-.15 E .866 -(set of patterns.)144 523.2 R(Using)5.866 E F1(;;&)3.366 E F0 .866 -(in place of)3.366 F F1(;;)3.366 E F0 .866 -(causes the shell to test the ne)3.366 F .866 -(xt pattern list in the state-)-.15 F .878(ment, if an)144 535.2 R 2.178 --.65(y, a)-.15 H .878(nd e).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .878(cute an).15 F 3.378 -(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-3.378 E F2(list)3.378 E F0 .878 -(on a successful match.)3.378 F .878(The e)5.878 F .877 -(xit status is zero if no)-.15 F(pattern matches.)144 547.2 Q -(Otherwise, it is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 564 Q F2(list) -2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F1(elif)A F2(list) -2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F1 -(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 576 Q F1(if) -2.977 E F2(list)3.067 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978 -(cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F -F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 -E F0 1.088(is e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088 -(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 +F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F 2.218 +(matching rules described under)144 504 R F1 -.1(Pa)4.718 G(tter).1 E +4.718(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.718 E F0(belo)4.718 E 6.017 -.65(w. T)-.25 H +(he).65 E F2(wor)4.717 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.217(is e)4.717 F 2.217 +(xpanded using tilde)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 516 S 3.968 +(pansion, parameter and v).15 F 3.969(ariable e)-.25 F 3.969 +(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.969(xpansion, command substitution,) +-.15 F .042(process substitution and quote remo)144 528 R -.25(va)-.15 G +2.542(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)2.542 E F0 -.15(ex)2.542 G .042 +(amined is e).15 F .041(xpanded using tilde e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E .8 +(parameter and v)144 540 R .8(ariable e)-.25 F .8 +(xpansion, arithmetic e)-.15 F .8 +(xpansion, command substitution, and process sub-)-.15 F 2.583 +(stitution. If)144 552 R(the)2.583 E F1(nocasematch)2.583 E F0 .083 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.583 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .082(rd to the).05 F .278(case of alphabetic characters.)144 +564 R .279(When a match is found, the corresponding)5.278 F F2(list) +2.779 E F0 .279(is e)2.779 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.779(cuted. If).15 F(the) +2.779 E F1(;;)2.779 E F0 .812(operator is used, no subsequent matches a\ +re attempted after the \214rst pattern match.)144 576 R(Using)5.812 E F1 +(;&)3.312 E F0(in)3.312 E .007(place of)144 588 R F1(;;)2.507 E F0 .007 +(causes e)2.507 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to continue with the).15 F +F2(list)2.507 E F0 .007(associated with the ne)2.507 F .007 +(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.008 E F1(;;&)144 600 Q F0 .561 +(in place of)3.061 F F1(;;)3.061 E F0 .561 +(causes the shell to test the ne)3.061 F .56 +(xt pattern list in the statement, if an)-.15 F 1.86 -.65(y, a)-.15 H +.56(nd e).65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E(an)144 612 Q 2.568(ya)-.15 G +(ssociated)-2.568 E F2(list)2.568 E F0 .068(on a successful match.)2.568 +F .068(The e)5.068 F .068(xit status is zero if no pattern matches.)-.15 +F(Otherwise,)5.069 E(it is the e)144 624 Q +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E +F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 640.8 Q F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 +E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;[)C F1(elif)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E +F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5 E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 +2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 652.8 Q F1(if)2.978 E F2(list)3.068 E F0 +.478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 +F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 +.478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each) +2.978 E F1(elif)2.977 E F2(list)2.977 E F0 1.087(is e)144 664.8 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087 (xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list) -3.587 E F0 1.087(is e)3.587 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted and the).15 F -.103(command completes.)144 600 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.103 F F1(else) +3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F +.104(command completes.)144 676.8 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F1(else) 2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103 (cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e) --.15 F .104(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 612 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while)108 -628.8 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 -(done)2.5 E(until)108 640.8 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2 -(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 652.8 Q F1(while)3.45 E F0 -.95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list).15 -F F2(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95(as long as the last command in the list)3.45 F -F2(list-1)144 664.8 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 -(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F1(until)2.705 E F0 .205 -(command is identical to the)2.705 F F1(while)2.705 E F0 .205 -(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .6(that the test is ne)144 676.8 R -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F2(list-2)3.19 E F0 .6(is e)3.12 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.599(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F2(list-1)3.189 E F0 -.599(returns a non-zero)3.099 F -.15(ex)144 688.8 S .204(it status.).15 -F .204(The e)5.204 F .204(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.704 E F0 -(and)2.704 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .205(commands is the e)2.704 F .205 -(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 700.8 S(cuted in).15 -E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) --.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(6)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 688.8 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while) +108 705.6 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 +(done)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(6)198.45 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Copr)87 84 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0(A)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(copr)3.713 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.213(is a shell command preceded by the) -3.713 F F1(copr)3.712 E(oc)-.18 E F0(reserv)3.712 E 1.212(ed w)-.15 F -3.712(ord. A)-.1 F 1.212(coprocess is e)3.712 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.212 -(cuted asyn-).15 F .574(chronously in a subshell, as if the command had\ - been terminated with the)108 108 R F1(&)3.075 E F0 .575 -(control operator)3.075 F 3.075(,w)-.4 G .575(ith a tw)-3.075 F(o-)-.1 E --.1(wa)108 120 S 2.5(yp).1 G(ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E -(The format for a coprocess is:)108 136.8 Q F1(copr)144 153.6 Q(oc)-.18 -E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 E F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 --.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 E F0(])A .709 -(This creates a coprocess named)108 170.4 R F2 -.27(NA)3.208 G(ME).27 E -F0 5.708(.I)C(f)-5.708 E F2 -.27(NA)3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 .708 -(is not supplied, the def)3.208 F .708(ault name is)-.1 F F1(COPR)3.208 -E(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.708 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 -(must not be supplied if)108 182.4 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 +SF(until)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 +E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 96 Q F1(while)3.45 E +F0 .95(command continuously e)3.45 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .95(cutes the list) +.15 F F2(list-2)3.45 E F0 .95(as long as the last command in the list) +3.45 F F2(list-1)144 108 Q F0 .205(returns an e)2.705 F .205 +(xit status of zero.)-.15 F(The)5.205 E F1(until)2.705 E F0 .205 +(command is identical to the)2.705 F F1(while)2.705 E F0 .205 +(command, e)2.705 F(xcept)-.15 E .599(that the test is ne)144 120 R -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ted:).05 E F2(list-2)3.189 E F0 .599(is e)3.119 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .6(cuted as long as the last command in).15 F F2(list-1)3.19 E F0 +.6(returns a non-zero)3.1 F -.15(ex)144 132 S .205(it status.).15 F .205 +(The e)5.205 F .205(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.705 E F0(and) +2.705 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .204(commands is the e)2.704 F .204 +(xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 144 S(cuted in).15 E +F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e)-.1 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(Copr)87 160.8 Q(ocesses)-.18 E F0(A)108 +172.8 Q F2(copr)3.712 E(ocess)-.45 E F0 1.212 +(is a shell command preceded by the)3.712 F F1(copr)3.713 E(oc)-.18 E F0 +(reserv)3.713 E 1.213(ed w)-.15 F 3.713(ord. A)-.1 F 1.213 +(coprocess is e)3.713 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.213(cuted asyn-).15 F .575(chr\ +onously in a subshell, as if the command had been terminated with the) +108 184.8 R F1(&)3.074 E F0 .574(control operator)3.074 F 3.074(,w)-.4 G +.574(ith a tw)-3.074 F(o-)-.1 E -.1(wa)108 196.8 S 2.5(yp).1 G +(ipe established between the e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting shell and the coprocess.).15 E(The format for a coprocess is:) +108 213.6 Q F1(copr)144 230.4 Q(oc)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.27(NA)C(ME).27 +E F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir).37 E(ections)-.37 +E F0(])A .708(This creates a coprocess named)108 247.2 R F2 -.27(NA) +3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 5.708(.I)C(f)-5.708 E F2 -.27(NA)3.208 G(ME).27 E F0 +.708(is not supplied, the def)3.208 F .708(ault name is)-.1 F F1(COPR) +3.209 E(OC)-.3 E F0(.)A F2 -.27(NA)5.709 G(ME).27 E F0 .64 +(must not be supplied if)108 259.2 R F2(command)3.14 E F0 .64(is a)3.14 F F2 .64(simple command)3.14 F F0 .64(\(see abo)3.14 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .64(\); otherwise, it is interpreted as the \214rst).15 F -.1(wo)108 -194.4 S 1.44(rd of the simple command.).1 F 1.44 +271.2 S 1.44(rd of the simple command.).1 F 1.44 (When the coprocess is e)6.44 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.44 (cuted, the shell creates an array v).15 F 1.44(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)108 206.4 Q F0(belo)3.67 E 1.17(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA)3.67 -G(ME).27 E F0 1.17(in the conte)3.67 F 1.171(xt of the e)-.15 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.171(cuting shell.).15 F 1.171(The standard output of)6.171 F F2 -(command)3.871 E F0(is)4.441 E 2.029 -(connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 218.4 R -.15 +(Arrays)108 283.2 Q F0(belo)3.671 E 1.171(w\) named)-.25 F F2 -.27(NA) +3.671 G(ME).27 E F0 1.171(in the conte)3.671 F 1.171(xt of the e)-.15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.171(cuting shell.).15 F 1.17(The standard output of) +6.17 F F2(command)3.87 E F0(is)4.44 E 2.029 +(connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)108 295.2 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.029 (cuting shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to).15 F F2 -.27 -(NA)108 230.4 S(ME).27 E F0 3.856([0]. The)B 1.356(standard input of) -3.856 F F2(command)4.056 E F0 1.357 -(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)4.626 F -.15 +(NA)108 307.2 S(ME).27 E F0 3.857([0]. The)B 1.357(standard input of) +3.857 F F2(command)4.057 E F0 1.356 +(is connected via a pipe to a \214le descriptor in the e)4.627 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .103 -(shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to)108 242.4 R F2 -.27 +(shell, and that \214le descriptor is assigned to)108 319.2 R F2 -.27 (NA)2.603 G(ME).27 E F0 2.603([1]. This)B .103 -(pipe is established before an)2.603 F 2.603(yr)-.15 G .103 -(edirections spec-)-2.603 F 1.271(i\214ed by the command \(see)108 254.4 +(pipe is established before an)2.603 F 2.604(yr)-.15 G .104 +(edirections spec-)-2.604 F 1.272(i\214ed by the command \(see)108 331.2 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)3.771 E F0(belo)3.521 E 3.771 (w\). The)-.25 F 1.271(\214le descriptors can be utilized as ar)3.771 F -1.272(guments to)-.18 F .515 -(shell commands and redirections using standard w)108 266.4 R .515 -(ord e)-.1 F 3.015(xpansions. The)-.15 F .515 -(\214le descriptors are not a)3.015 F -.25(va)-.2 G .515(ilable in).25 F -3.636(subshells. The)108 278.4 R 1.136(process ID of the shell spa)3.636 -F 1.137(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.137(cute the coprocess is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.137(ilable as the v).25 F 1.137(alue of the)-.25 F --.25(va)108 290.4 S(riable).25 E F2 -.27(NA)2.5 G(ME).27 E F0 2.5 -(_PID. The)B F1(wait)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin command may be used to w).2 E +1.271(guments to)-.18 F 1.719 +(shell commands and redirections using standard w)108 343.2 R 1.719 +(ord e)-.1 F 4.219(xpansions. Other)-.15 F 1.72(than those created to e) +4.219 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute).15 E .945 +(command and process substitutions, the \214le descriptors are not a)108 +355.2 R -.25(va)-.2 G .945(ilable in subshells.).25 F .944 +(The process ID of)5.944 F .597(the shell spa)108 367.2 R .597 +(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .597(cute the coprocess is a).15 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G .597(ilable as the v).25 F .597(alue of the v)-.25 F(ariable) +-.25 E F2 -.27(NA)3.097 G(ME).27 E F0 3.097(_PID. The)B F1(wait)3.098 E +F0 -.2(bu)108 379.2 S(iltin command may be used to w).2 E (ait for the coprocess to terminate.)-.1 E .336 -(Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 -307.2 R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .335(command al)2.835 F -.1(wa)-.1 -G .335(ys returns success.).1 F -(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 319.2 Q(xit status of) --.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 336 Q -F0 2.697(As)108 348 S .198 +(Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command, the)108 396 +R F1(copr)2.836 E(oc)-.18 E F0 .335(command al)2.835 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .335 +(ys returns success.).1 F(The return status of a coprocess is the e)108 +408 Q(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(Shell Function De\214nitions)87 424.8 Q F0 2.697(As)108 436.8 S .198 (hell function is an object that is called lik)-2.697 F 2.698(eas)-.1 G .198(imple command and e)-2.698 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 -(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 360 S .5 -.25(ew s)-2.5 -H(et of positional parameters.).25 E -(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(name)108 376.8 +(cutes a compound command with).15 F 2.5(an)108 448.8 S .5 -.25(ew s) +-2.5 H(et of positional parameters.).25 E +(Shell functions are declared as follo)5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2(name)108 465.6 Q F0(\(\))2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C -(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F1(function)108 388.8 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(dir).37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A F1(function)108 477.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 ([\(\)])2.5 E F2(compound\255command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -.37(re)C(dir) .37 E(ection)-.37 E F0(])A 1.403(This de\214nes a function named)144 -400.8 R F2(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 +489.6 R F2(name)3.902 E F0 6.402(.T)C 1.402(he reserv)-6.402 F 1.402 (ed w)-.15 F(ord)-.1 E F1(function)3.902 E F0 1.402(is optional.)3.902 F -1.402(If the)6.402 F F1(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 412.8 Q .162 +1.402(If the)6.402 F F1(function)3.902 E F0(reserv)144 501.6 Q .162 (ed w)-.15 F .162(ord is supplied, the parentheses are optional.)-.1 F (The)5.162 E F2(body)2.662 E F0 .162(of the function is the compound) -2.662 F(command)144 424.8 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) +2.662 F(command)144 513.6 Q F2(compound\255command)2.784 E F0(\(see) 3.354 E F1 .084(Compound Commands)2.584 F F0(abo)2.584 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 436.8 +2.584(\). That).15 F .084(command is usually a)2.584 F F2(list)144 525.6 Q F0 .044(of commands between { and }, b)2.544 F .044(ut may be an)-.2 F 2.544(yc)-.15 G .044(ommand listed under)-2.544 F F1 .044 -(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 448.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.902(,w) +(Compound Commands)2.544 F F0(abo)144 537.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.902(,w) .15 G .402(ith one e)-2.902 F .402(xception: If the)-.15 F F1(function) 2.901 E F0(reserv)2.901 E .401(ed w)-.15 F .401(ord is used, b)-.1 F .401(ut the parentheses are not sup-)-.2 F .047 -(plied, the braces are required.)144 460.8 R F2(compound\255command) +(plied, the braces are required.)144 549.6 R F2(compound\255command) 5.047 E F0 .047(is e)2.547 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .047(cuted whene).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F2(name)2.547 E F0 .047(is speci\214ed as the)2.547 F -1.68(name of a simple command.)144 472.8 R 1.68(When in)6.68 F F2 1.68 +1.68(name of a simple command.)144 561.6 R 1.68(When in)6.68 F F2 1.68 (posix mode)4.18 F F0(,)A F2(name)4.179 E F0 1.679 -(may not be the name of one of the)4.179 F(POSIX)144 484.8 Q F2 .014 +(may not be the name of one of the)4.179 F(POSIX)144 573.6 Q F2 .014 (special b)2.513 F(uiltins)-.2 E F0 5.014(.A)C .314 -.15(ny r)-5.014 H .014(edirections \(see).15 F F3(REDIRECTION)2.514 E F0(belo)2.264 E .014 (w\) speci\214ed when a function is)-.25 F 1.12 -(de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 496.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 +(de\214ned are performed when the function is e)144 585.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.619(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)3.619 G 1.119 (it status of a function de\214nition is).15 F .217(zero unless a synta\ x error occurs or a readonly function with the same name already e)144 -508.8 R 2.717(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 520.8 S .546(cuted, the e) +597.6 R 2.717(xists. When)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 609.6 S .546(cuted, the e) .15 F .546(xit status of a function is the e)-.15 F .545 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted in the body).15 F(.)-.65 E(\(See)144 532.8 Q F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E +(cuted in the body).15 F(.)-.65 E(\(See)144 621.6 Q F3(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(\)).65 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMENTS)72 549.6 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 561.6 R 1.282 -.15 +(COMMENTS)72 638.4 Q F0 .982(In a non-interacti)108 650.4 R 1.282 -.15 (ve s)-.25 H .982(hell, or an interacti).15 F 1.282 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .982(hell in which the).15 F F1(interacti)3.482 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (_comments).1 E F0 .982(option to the)3.482 F F1(shopt)3.482 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 573.6 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F +(bu)108 662.4 S .952(iltin is enabled \(see).2 F F3 .952(SHELL B)3.452 F (UIL)-.09 E .952(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.202 E .952(w\), a w)-.25 F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.451 E F0 .951 (causes that w)3.451 F(ord)-.1 E .604 -(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 585.6 R +(and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored.)108 674.4 R .605(An interacti)5.605 F .905 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .605(hell without the) -.15 F F1(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 597.6 Q F0 +.15 F F1(interacti)3.105 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_com-).1 E(ments)108 686.4 Q F0 1.337(option enabled does not allo)3.837 F 3.837(wc)-.25 G 3.836 (omments. The)-3.837 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -609.6 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F4 -.11(QU)72 626.4 S -.438(OT) -.11 G(ING).438 E F2(Quoting)108 638.4 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F -.777 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .477 -(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 F .477 -(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 -(used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 -650.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 -(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 662.4 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 -679.2 R F2(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288 -(listed abo)2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(DEFINITIONS) -2.788 E F0 .288(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F -(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 691.2 Q 1.345 -(When the command history e)108 708 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 -(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 -(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) --.25 F F2(history e)108 720 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5(,u) --.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(7)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(7)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(escape c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G -(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 100.8 S .474 -(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)A F0 2.974 -(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 G(he)-2.974 E F1 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E -(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474(.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474 -(es the literal v)-.15 F .474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475 -(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 112.8 Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F -1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053(wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F2(\\) -4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(QU)72 84 S -.438(OT).11 G(ING).438 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(Quoting)108 96 Q F0 .477(is used to remo)2.977 F .777 +-.15(ve t)-.15 H .477(he special meaning of certain characters or w).15 +F .477(ords to the shell.)-.1 F .478(Quoting can be)5.478 F .185 +(used to disable special treatment for special characters, to pre)108 +108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .185(nt reserv).15 F .184(ed w)-.15 F .184 +(ords from being recognized as)-.1 F(such, and to pre)108 120 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G(nt parameter e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E .288(Each of the)108 136.8 +R F2(metac)2.788 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .288(listed abo) +2.788 F .588 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(DEFINITIONS)2.788 E F0 .288 +(has special meaning to the shell and must be)2.538 F +(quoted if it is to represent itself.)108 148.8 Q 1.345 +(When the command history e)108 165.6 R 1.344(xpansion f)-.15 F 1.344 +(acilities are being used \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)3.844 E(OR)-.162 E 3.594 +(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.594 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.594 E 1.344(w\), the) +-.25 F F2(history e)108 177.6 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5 +(,u)-.4 G(sually)-2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C +(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E(There are three quoting mechanisms: the)108 194.4 Q F2 +(escape c)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 2.5(,s).73 G +(ingle quotes, and double quotes.)-2.5 E 2.974(An)108 211.2 S .474 +(on-quoted backslash \()-2.974 F F4(\\)A F0 2.974(\)i)C 2.974(st)-2.974 +G(he)-2.974 E F2 .474(escape c)2.974 F(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 5.474 +(.I).73 G 2.974(tp)-5.474 G(reserv)-2.974 E .474(es the literal v)-.15 F +.474(alue of the ne)-.25 F .475(xt character that)-.15 F(follo)108 223.2 +Q 1.554(ws, with the e)-.25 F 1.553(xception of <ne)-.15 F 4.053 +(wline>. If)-.25 F(a)4.053 E F4(\\)4.053 E F0(<ne)A 1.553 (wline> pair appears, and the backslash is not itself)-.25 F 1.122 -(quoted, the)108 124.8 R F2(\\)3.622 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 +(quoted, the)108 235.2 R F4(\\)3.622 E F0(<ne)A 1.122 (wline> is treated as a line continuation \(that is, it is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.622(df).15 G 1.123(rom the input stream and)-3.622 F -(ef)108 136.8 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 -(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 153.6 R .295 +(ef)108 247.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly ignored\).).15 E .295 +(Enclosing characters in single quotes preserv)108 264 R .295 (es the literal v)-.15 F .295(alue of each character within the quotes.) -.25 F 2.795(As)5.295 G(in-)-2.795 E -(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 165.6 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 -(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 182.4 R .034 +(gle quote may not occur between single quotes, e)108 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.5(nw).15 G(hen preceded by a backslash.)-2.5 E .033 +(Enclosing characters in double quotes preserv)108 292.8 R .034 (es the literal v)-.15 F .034 (alue of all characters within the quotes, with the)-.25 F -.15(ex)108 -194.4 S .108(ception of).15 F F2($)2.608 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.608 E F0(,)A -F2(\\)2.608 E F0 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 -(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F2(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 -(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F1 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F0 2.607(,t)C -(he)-2.607 E F2(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F 1.397 -(special meaning within double quotes, e)108 206.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +304.8 S .108(ception of).15 F F4($)2.608 E F0(,)A F4<92>2.608 E F0(,)A +F4(\\)2.608 E F0 2.608(,a)C .107(nd, when history e)-2.608 F .107 +(xpansion is enabled,)-.15 F F4(!)2.607 E F0 5.107(.W)C .107 +(hen the shell is in)-5.107 F F2 .107(posix mode)2.607 F F0 2.607(,t)C +(he)-2.607 E F4(!)2.607 E F0 .107(has no)2.607 F 1.397 +(special meaning within double quotes, e)108 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.897(nw).15 G 1.397(hen history e)-3.897 F 1.397(xpansion is enabled.) --.15 F 1.398(The characters)6.398 F F2($)3.898 E F0(and)3.898 E F2<92> +-.15 F 1.398(The characters)6.398 F F4($)3.898 E F0(and)3.898 E F4<92> 3.898 E F0 .045(retain their special meaning within double quotes.)108 -218.4 R .044(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-) -5.045 F(lo)108 230.4 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 -(wing characters:)-.25 F F2($)3.102 E F0(,)A F2<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F2(") -3.935 E F0(,).833 E F2(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F2(<newline>) +328.8 R .044(The backslash retains its special meaning only when fol-) +5.045 F(lo)108 340.8 Q .601(wed by one of the follo)-.25 F .602 +(wing characters:)-.25 F F4($)3.102 E F0(,)A F4<92>3.102 E F0(,)A F4(") +3.935 E F0(,).833 E F4(\\)3.102 E F0 3.102(,o)C(r)-3.102 E F4(<newline>) 3.102 E F0 5.602(.A)C .602(double quote may be quoted within)-2.5 F .131 -(double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 242.4 R .131 +(double quotes by preceding it with a backslash.)108 352.8 R .131 (If enabled, history e)5.131 F .13(xpansion will be performed unless an) --.15 F F2(!)2.63 E F0 -(appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 254.4 Q -(The backslash preceding the)5 E F2(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 271.2 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F2(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H -(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF --.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 288 -S .211(rds of the form).8 F F2($)2.711 E F0<08>A F1(string)A F0 2.711 -<0861>C .211(re treated specially)-2.711 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w) --5.211 F .211(ord e)-.1 F .212(xpands to)-.15 F F1(string)2.712 E F0 -2.712(,w)C .212(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.712 F(-)-.2 E .605 -(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 300 R .604 +-.15 F F4(!)2.63 E F0 +(appearing in double quotes is escaped using a backslash.)108 364.8 Q +(The backslash preceding the)5 E F4(!)2.5 E F0(is not remo)5 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G(d.).15 E(The special parameters)108 381.6 Q F4(*)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F4(@)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H +(pecial meaning when in double quotes \(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G +(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E -.8(Wo)108 398.4 S .211 +(rds of the form).8 F F4($)2.711 E F0<08>A F2(string)A F0 2.711<0861>C +.211(re treated specially)-2.711 F 5.211(.T)-.65 G .211(he w)-5.211 F +.211(ord e)-.1 F .212(xpands to)-.15 F F2(string)2.712 E F0 2.712(,w)C +.212(ith backslash-escaped char)-2.712 F(-)-.2 E .605 +(acters replaced as speci\214ed by the ANSI C standard.)108 410.4 R .604 (Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded)5.605 F(as follo) -108 312 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 324 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 324 Q F2 -(\\b)144 336 Q F0(backspace)180 336 Q F2(\\e)144 348 Q(\\E)144 360 Q F0 -(an escape character)180 360 Q F2(\\f)144 372 Q F0(form feed)180 372 Q -F2(\\n)144 384 Q F0(ne)180 384 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 396 -Q F0(carriage return)180 396 Q F2(\\t)144 408 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -408 Q F2(\\v)144 420 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 420 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\\\)144 -432 Q F0(backslash)180 432 Q F2<5c08>144 444 Q F0(single quote)180 444 Q -F2(\\")144 456 Q F0(double quote)180 456 Q F2(\\?)144 468 Q F0 -(question mark)180 468 Q F2(\\)144 480 Q F1(nnn)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 480 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E -(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 -492 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 492 Q -(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0 -(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F2 -(\\u)144 504 Q F1(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 516 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F1(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 528 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F2 -(\\U)144 540 Q F1(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 552 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F1(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 564 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F2(\\c)144 576 Q F1(x)A F0 2.5(ac)180 576 S(ontrol-)-2.5 E F1(x)A -F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 592.8 Q(xpanded result is single-quoted, a\ -s if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad)108 609.6 S -.14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F2($)A F0 -(")A F1(string)A F0 .14 -("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B .496 -(to the current locale.)108 621.6 R .495(If the current locale is)5.496 -F F2(C)2.995 E F0(or)2.995 E F2(POSIX)2.995 E F0 2.995(,t)C .495 -(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .495(If the string is trans-)5.495 -F(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 633.6 Q/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 650.4 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 662.4 Q -F1(par)4.592 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .842(is an entity that stores v)4.072 F -3.342(alues. It)-.25 F .842(can be a)3.342 F F1(name)3.343 E F0 3.343 -(,an).18 G(umber)-3.343 E 3.343(,o)-.4 G 3.343(ro)-3.343 G .843 -(ne of the special characters)-3.343 F .823(listed belo)108 674.4 R -3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F2 .823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E -F0 5.823(.A)C F1(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a) -3.503 F F1(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823 -(riable has a).25 F F1(value)108 686.4 Q F0 .368(and zero or more)2.868 -F F1(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369 -(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F2(declar)2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(declar)2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0 -(belo)108 698.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.755(Ap)108 715.2 -S .255(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.755 F 2.754 -(alue. The)-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .254(alid v)-.25 F -2.754(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254(ariable is set, it)-3.004 -F(may be unset only by using the)108 727.2 Q F2(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(8)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +108 422.4 Q(ws:)-.25 E F4(\\a)144 434.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 434.4 Q +F4(\\b)144 446.4 Q F0(backspace)180 446.4 Q F4(\\e)144 458.4 Q(\\E)144 +470.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 470.4 Q F4(\\f)144 482.4 Q F0 +(form feed)180 482.4 Q F4(\\n)144 494.4 Q F0(ne)180 494.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 +G(ine)-2.5 E F4(\\r)144 506.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 506.4 Q F4(\\t) +144 518.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 518.4 Q F4(\\v)144 530.4 Q F0 -.15(ve) +180 530.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F4(\\\\)144 542.4 Q F0(backslash)180 542.4 +Q F4<5c08>144 554.4 Q F0(single quote)180 554.4 Q F4(\\")144 566.4 Q F0 +(double quote)180 566.4 Q F4(\\?)144 578.4 Q F0(question mark)180 578.4 +Q F4(\\)144 590.4 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 +590.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(one to three octal digits\))2.5 E F4(\\x)144 602.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 602.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F4(\\u)144 614.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 +1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 626.4 R 1.507 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 638.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F4 +(\\U)144 650.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 662.4 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.047 E(HHH)180 674.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F4(\\c)144 686.4 Q F2(x)A F0 2.5(ac)180 686.4 S(ontrol-) +-2.5 E F2(x)A F0(character)2.5 E(The e)108 703.2 Q(xpanded result is si\ +ngle-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad) +108 720 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F +F4($)A F0(")A F2(string)A F0 .14 +("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(8)198.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(A)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable)2.79 E F0 -(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F1(name)144 100.8 -Q F0(=[)A F1(value)A F0(])A(If)108 117.6 Q F1(value)3.022 E F0 .232 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .496 +(to the current locale.)108 84 R .495(If the current locale is)5.496 F +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(C)2.995 E F0(or)2.995 E F1(POSIX)2.995 E F0 2.995 +(,t)C .495(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .495 +(If the string is trans-)5.495 F +(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 96 Q/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.81(PA)72 112.8 S(RAMETERS).81 E F0(A)108 124.8 Q/F3 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)4.592 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .842 +(is an entity that stores v)4.072 F 3.342(alues. It)-.25 F .842 +(can be a)3.342 F F3(name)3.343 E F0 3.343(,an).18 G(umber)-3.343 E +3.343(,o)-.4 G 3.343(ro)-3.343 G .843(ne of the special characters) +-3.343 F .823(listed belo)108 136.8 R 3.323(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.323 E F1 +.823(Special P)3.323 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 5.823(.A)C F3(variable)-2.21 E +F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)3.503 F F3(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A) +.18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823(riable has a).25 F F3(value)108 148.8 Q F0 +.368(and zero or more)2.868 F F3(attrib)2.868 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C +(ttrib)-5.369 E .369(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.869 E +(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.869 G .369(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(declar) +2.869 E(e)-.18 E F0(belo)108 160.8 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 2.755(Ap)108 177.6 S .255 +(arameter is set if it has been assigned a v)-2.755 F 2.754(alue. The) +-.25 F .254(null string is a v)2.754 F .254(alid v)-.25 F 2.754 +(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.754(av)2.754 G .254(ariable is set, it)-3.004 F +(may be unset only by using the)108 189.6 Q F1(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 +G(iltin command \(see).2 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 206.4 Q F3(variable)2.79 E F0 +(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E F3(name)144 223.2 +Q F0(=[)A F3(value)A F0(])A(If)108 240 Q F3(value)3.022 E F0 .232 (is not gi)2.912 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .232(n, the v).15 F .232 -(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.233 E F1(values)3.023 +(ariable is assigned the null string.)-.25 F(All)5.233 E F3(values)3.023 E F0(under)3.003 E .233(go tilde e)-.18 F .233(xpansion, parameter)-.15 -F .515(and v)108 129.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 +F .515(and v)108 252 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F .515 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .515 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.015(l\().25 G(see) --3.015 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 -141.6 Q 2.698(w\). If)-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its) --.25 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(integer)2.698 E F0(attrib)2.698 E .198 -(ute set, then)-.2 F F1(value)2.988 E F0 .198(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .199(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .199(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(n).15 E .902(if the $\(\(...\)\) e)108 153.6 R .902 -(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F3 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F -F0(belo)3.401 E 3.401(w\). W)-.25 F .901 -(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 165.6 R -1.178(xception of)-.15 F F3("$@")3.678 E F0 1.178(as e)3.678 F 1.179 -(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F3 1.179(Special P) +-3.015 E F4(EXP)3.015 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)108 264 Q 2.698(w\). If) +-.25 F .198(the v)2.698 F .198(ariable has its)-.25 F F1(integer)2.698 E +F0(attrib)2.698 E .198(ute set, then)-.2 F F3(value)2.988 E F0 .198 +(is e)2.878 F -.25(va)-.25 G .199(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .199 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E .902(if the $\(\(...\)\) e) +108 276 R .902(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901 +(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F F0(belo)3.401 E 3.401(w\). W)-.25 F .901 +(ord splitting is not performed,)-.8 F 1.178(with the e)108 288 R 1.178 +(xception of)-.15 F F1("$@")3.678 E F0 1.178(as e)3.678 F 1.179 +(xplained belo)-.15 F 3.679(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.679 E F1 1.179(Special P) 3.679 F(arameters)-.1 E F0 6.179(.P)C 1.179(athname e)-6.329 F 1.179 -(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.649(performed. Assignment)108 177.6 R 1.149 -(statements may also appear as ar)3.649 F 1.148(guments to the)-.18 F F3 -(alias)3.648 E F0(,)A F3(declar)3.648 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F3(typeset)3.648 -E F0(,)A F3(export)3.648 E F0(,)A F3 -.18(re)108 189.6 S(adonly).18 E F0 -3.288(,a)C(nd)-3.288 E F3(local)3.288 E F0 -.2(bu)3.288 G .788 -(iltin commands \().2 F F1(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 3.288 -(commands\). When)3.288 F(in)3.289 E F1 .789(posix mode)3.289 F F0 3.289 +(xpansion is not)-.15 F 3.649(performed. Assignment)108 300 R 1.149 +(statements may also appear as ar)3.649 F 1.148(guments to the)-.18 F F1 +(alias)3.648 E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.648 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(typeset)3.648 +E F0(,)A F1(export)3.648 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)108 312 S(adonly).18 E F0 +3.288(,a)C(nd)-3.288 E F1(local)3.288 E F0 -.2(bu)3.288 G .788 +(iltin commands \().2 F F3(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 3.288 +(commands\). When)3.288 F(in)3.289 E F3 .789(posix mode)3.289 F F0 3.289 (,t)C .789(hese b)-3.289 F .789(uiltins may)-.2 F 1.496 -(appear in a command after one or more instances of the)108 201.6 R F3 +(appear in a command after one or more instances of the)108 324 R F1 (command)3.996 E F0 -.2(bu)3.996 G 1.496 -(iltin and retain these assignment).2 F(statement properties.)108 213.6 -Q .376(In the conte)108 230.4 R .376 +(iltin and retain these assignment).2 F(statement properties.)108 336 Q +.376(In the conte)108 352.8 R .376 (xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376 (alue to a shell v)-.25 F .377(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .377 (x, the +=)-.15 F 1.631 -(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 242.4 R(ariable') +(operator can be used to append to or add to the v)108 364.8 R(ariable') -.25 E 4.13(sp)-.55 G(re)-4.13 E 1.63(vious v)-.25 F 4.13(alue. This) --.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 254.4 S -.163(iltin commands such as).2 F F3(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F0 .164 -(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F1(declar)A(ation)-.15 E +-.25 F 1.63(includes ar)4.13 F 1.63(guments to)-.18 F -.2(bu)108 376.8 S +.163(iltin commands such as).2 F F1(declar)2.664 E(e)-.18 E F0 .164 +(that accept assignment statements \()2.664 F F3(declar)A(ation)-.15 E F0 2.664(commands\). When)2.664 F .164(+= is)2.664 F .252 -(applied to a v)108 266.4 R .252(ariable for which the)-.25 F F1(inte) +(applied to a v)108 388.8 R .252(ariable for which the)-.25 F F3(inte) 2.752 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.752 E .252(ute has been set,)-.2 -F F1(value)2.752 E F0 .251(is e)2.751 F -.25(va)-.25 G .251 +F F3(value)2.752 E F0 .251(is e)2.751 F -.25(va)-.25 G .251 (luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .05 -(sion and added to the v)108 278.4 R(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sc)-.55 G .05 +(sion and added to the v)108 400.8 R(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sc)-.55 G .05 (urrent v)-2.55 F .05(alue, which is also e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.55 (luated. When).25 F .05(+= is applied to an array v)2.55 F(ari-)-.25 E -.459(able using compound assignment \(see)108 290.4 R F3(Arrays)2.959 E +.459(able using compound assignment \(see)108 412.8 R F1(Arrays)2.959 E F0(belo)2.959 E .459(w\), the v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.959(sv)-.55 G .459(alue is not unset \(as it is when using)-3.209 F .265(=\), and ne) -108 302.4 R 2.765(wv)-.25 G .265(alues are appended to the array be) +108 424.8 R 2.765(wv)-.25 G .265(alues are appended to the array be) -3.015 F .265(ginning at one greater than the array')-.15 F 2.765(sm) -.55 G .265(aximum inde)-2.765 F 2.765(x\()-.15 G(for)-2.765 E(inde)108 -314.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.402(da).15 G .902 +436.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.402(da).15 G .902 (rrays\) or added as additional k)-3.402 F -.15(ey)-.1 G<ad76>.15 E .901 (alue pairs in an associati)-.25 F 1.201 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E -5.901(.W)-.65 G .901(hen applied to a string-)-5.901 F -.25(va)108 326.4 -S(lued v).25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F1(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E +5.901(.W)-.65 G .901(hen applied to a string-)-5.901 F -.25(va)108 448.8 +S(lued v).25 E(ariable,)-.25 E F3(value)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E (xpanded and appended to the v)-.15 E(ariable')-.25 E 2.5(sv)-.55 G -(alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 343.2 S .882(ariable can be assigned the) --3.632 F F1(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.382 E .882 -(ute using the)-.2 F F3<ad6e>3.382 E F0 .882(option to the)3.382 F F3 -(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.383 E F3(local)3.383 E F0 -.2(bu)3.383 -G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 355.2 R -F3(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.816 E F3(local)2.816 E F0(belo)2.816 -E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F1(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C +(alue.)-2.75 E 3.382(Av)108 465.6 S .882(ariable can be assigned the) +-3.632 F F3(namer)3.382 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.382 E .882 +(ute using the)-.2 F F1<ad6e>3.382 E F0 .882(option to the)3.382 F F1 +(declar)3.382 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.383 E F1(local)3.383 E F0 -.2(bu)3.383 +G .883(iltin com-).2 F .316(mands \(see the descriptions of)108 477.6 R +F1(declar)2.816 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.816 E F1(local)2.816 E F0(belo)2.816 +E .316(w\) to create a)-.25 F F3(namer)2.815 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.815(,o)C 2.815(rar)-2.815 G .315(eference to another v)-2.815 F(ari-)-.25 E 4.04 -(able. This)108 367.2 R(allo)4.04 E 1.54(ws v)-.25 F 1.54 +(able. This)108 489.6 R(allo)4.04 E 1.54(ws v)-.25 F 1.54 (ariables to be manipulated indirectly)-.25 F 6.54(.W)-.65 G(hene)-6.54 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.04(rt).15 G 1.54(he nameref v)-4.04 F 1.54 (ariable is referenced,)-.25 F .54 -(assigned to, unset, or has its attrib)108 379.2 R .54 -(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F1(namer)3.04 +(assigned to, unset, or has its attrib)108 501.6 R .54 +(utes modi\214ed \(other than using or changing the)-.2 F F3(namer)3.04 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.04 E .54(ute itself\),)-.2 F .352 -(the operation is actually performed on the v)108 391.2 R .352 +(the operation is actually performed on the v)108 513.6 R .352 (ariable speci\214ed by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.852(sv) -.55 G 2.852(alue. A)-3.102 F .352(nameref is)2.852 F .972 -(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 403.2 R .971 +(commonly used within shell functions to refer to a v)108 525.6 R .971 (ariable whose name is passed as an ar)-.25 F .971(gument to the)-.18 F -2.5(function. F)108 415.2 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E +2.5(function. F)108 537.6 R(or instance, if a v)-.15 E (ariable name is passed to a shell function as its \214rst ar)-.25 E -(gument, running)-.18 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 433.2 Q -F0 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 451.2 R(ariable)-.25 -E F3 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) +(gument, running)-.18 E/F6 10/Courier@0 SF(declare -n ref=$1)144 555.6 Q +F0 .302(inside the function creates a nameref v)108 573.6 R(ariable)-.25 +E F1 -.18(re)2.803 G(f).18 E F0 .303(whose v)2.803 F .303(alue is the v) -.25 F .303(ariable name passed as the \214rst ar)-.25 F(gu-)-.18 E -3.592(ment. References)108 463.2 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F3 +3.592(ment. References)108 585.6 R 1.092(and assignments to)3.592 F F1 -.18(re)3.592 G(f).18 E F0 3.592(,a)C 1.092(nd changes to its attrib) -3.592 F 1.092(utes, are treated as references, assign-)-.2 F .143 -(ments, and attrib)108 475.2 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F -.144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F3($1)2.644 E +(ments, and attrib)108 597.6 R .144(ute modi\214cations to the v)-.2 F +.144(ariable whose name w)-.25 F .144(as passed as)-.1 F F1($1)2.644 E F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 -(ariable in a)-.25 F F3 -.25(fo)108 487.2 S(r).25 E F0 .868 +(ariable in a)-.25 F F1 -.25(fo)108 609.6 S(r).25 E F0 .868 (loop has the nameref attrib)3.368 F .868(ute, the list of w)-.2 F .867 (ords can be a list of shell v)-.1 F .867 (ariables, and a name reference)-.25 F .509 -(will be established for each w)108 499.2 R .509 +(will be established for each w)108 621.6 R .509 (ord in the list, in turn, when the loop is e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.009 (cuted. Array).15 F -.25(va)3.009 G .509(riables cannot be).25 F(gi)108 -511.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.193(nt).15 G(he)-4.193 E F3(namer)4.193 E(ef) +633.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.193(nt).15 G(he)-4.193 E F1(namer)4.193 E(ef) -.18 E F0(attrib)4.193 E 4.193(ute. Ho)-.2 F(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.493 -.4(r, n).15 H 1.693(ameref v).4 F 1.692 (ariables can reference array v)-.25 F 1.692(ariables and subscripted) --.25 F .101(array v)108 523.2 R 2.601(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .101 -(can be unset using the)2.601 F F3<ad6e>2.602 E F0 .102(option to the) -2.602 F F3(unset)2.602 E F0 -.2(bu)2.602 G 2.602(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F -(if)2.602 E F3(unset)2.602 E F0 .102(is e)2.602 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -.443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 535.2 R .442 +-.25 F .101(array v)108 645.6 R 2.601(ariables. Namerefs)-.25 F .101 +(can be unset using the)2.601 F F1<ad6e>2.602 E F0 .102(option to the) +2.602 F F1(unset)2.602 E F0 -.2(bu)2.602 G 2.602(iltin. Otherwise,).2 F +(if)2.602 E F1(unset)2.602 E F0 .102(is e)2.602 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E +.443(cuted with the name of a nameref v)108 657.6 R .442 (ariable as an ar)-.25 F .442(gument, the v)-.18 F .442 (ariable referenced by the nameref v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E -(will be unset.)108 547.2 Q F3 -.2(Po)87 564 S(sitional P).2 E -(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 576 Q F1 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) +(will be unset.)108 669.6 Q F1 -.2(Po)87 686.4 S(sitional P).2 E +(arameters)-.1 E F0(A)108 698.4 Q F3 .705(positional par)4.455 F(ameter) -.15 E F0 .706(is a parameter denoted by one or more digits, other than\ the single digit 0.)3.935 F(Posi-)5.706 E .445 -(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 588 R 2.944(sa)-.55 -G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 600 Q F3(set)3.333 -E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional parameters\ - may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F(The)5.834 E -(positional parameters are temporarily replaced when a shell function i\ -s e)108 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E F2(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When a positional parameter consisting o\ -f more than a single digit is e)108 628.8 R 1.403 -(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 640.8 Q F2(EXP) -2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(Special P)87 657.6 Q -(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 669.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T)-.65 G 1.675 -(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to)-6.675 F -(them is not allo)108 681.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F3(*)108 693.6 Q F0 .224 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 693.6 R -.223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662 -(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 705.6 R .662 -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 -(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 717.6 R 1.082 -(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.081(ord splitting and pathname e) --.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E -2.548(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 729.6 R 2.549 -(xpands to a single w)-.15 F 2.549(ord with the v)-.1 F 2.549 -(alue of each parameter)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(9)197.055 E 0 Cg EP +(tional parameters are assigned from the shell')108 710.4 R 2.944(sa) +-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.944 G .444(uments when it is in).18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 722.4 Q F1 +(set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ + parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F +(The)5.834 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(9)198.45 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.068 -(separated by the \214rst character of the)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(IFS)5.568 E F0 3.068(special v)5.318 F 5.568(ariable. That)-.25 F 3.067 -(is, ")5.568 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($*)A F0 5.567("i)C 5.567(se)-5.567 -G(qui)-5.567 E -.25(va)-.25 G 3.067(lent to).25 F(")144 96 Q F2($1)A/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F2($2)A F3(c)A F2(...)A F0 1.519(", where)B F3 -(c)4.219 E F0 1.519(is the \214rst character of the v)4.329 F 1.52 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(IFS)4.02 E F0 -.25(va)3.77 G 4.02(riable. If).25 -F F1(IFS)4.02 E F0 1.52(is unset, the)3.77 F .833 -(parameters are separated by spaces.)144 108 R(If)5.833 E F1(IFS)3.333 E -F0 .832(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)3.083 F(ening) --.15 E(separators.)144 120 Q F2(@)108 132 Q F0 .605 -(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 132 R .606 -(When the e)5.605 F .606(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .114 -(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 144 R .114(xpands to a separate w)-.15 -F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .113(is, ")2.613 F F2($@)A F0 2.613("i)C 2.613 -(se)-2.613 G(qui)-2.613 E -.25(va)-.25 G .113(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A F0 -2.613("")C F2($2)-2.613 E F0 2.613(".)C(..)-2.613 E .134 -(If the double-quoted e)144 156 R .134(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F -.135(ord, the e)-.1 F .135(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined) --.15 F .151(with the be)144 168 R .151(ginning part of the original w) --.15 F .151(ord, and the e)-.1 F .15 -(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .337 -(the last part of the original w)144 180 R 2.837(ord. When)-.1 F .338 -(there are no positional parameters, ")2.837 F F2($@)A F0 2.838("a)C(nd) --2.838 E F2($@)2.838 E F0 -.15(ex)2.838 G(pand).15 E -(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 192 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve) --.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 204 Q F0 -(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 204 Q F2 -(?)108 216 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 216 Q +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(positional parame\ +ters are temporarily replaced when a shell function is e)108 84 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted \(see).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.404(When a positional parameter consisting o\ +f more than a single digit is e)108 100.8 R 1.403 +(xpanded, it must be enclosed in)-.15 F(braces \(see)108 112.8 Q F1(EXP) +2.5 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Special P)87 129.6 Q(arameters)-.1 E F0 1.674(The shell treats se)108 +141.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.674(ral parameters specially).15 F 6.675(.T) +-.65 G 1.675(hese parameters may only be referenced; assignment to) +-6.675 F(them is not allo)108 153.6 Q(wed.)-.25 E F2(*)108 165.6 Q F0 +.224(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 165.6 +R .223(When the e)5.224 F .223(xpansion is not within double)-.15 F .662 +(quotes, each positional parameter e)144 177.6 R .662 +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.162(ord. In)-.1 F(conte)3.162 E .662 +(xts where it is performed,)-.15 F 1.082(those w)144 189.6 R 1.082 +(ords are subject to further w)-.1 F 1.081(ord splitting and pathname e) +-.1 F 3.581(xpansion. When)-.15 F 1.081(the e)3.581 F(xpansion)-.15 E +.914(occurs within double quotes, it e)144 201.6 R .914 +(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .915(ord with the v)-.1 F .915 +(alue of each parameter sepa-)-.25 F .891 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 213.6 R F1(IFS)3.39 E F0 .89 +(special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .89(is, ")3.39 F F2($*)A F0 +3.39("i)C 3.39(se)-3.39 G(qui)-3.39 E -.25(va)-.25 G .89(lent to ").25 F +F2($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F2($2)A F3(c)A F2(...)A F0(",)A +(where)144 225.6 Q F3(c)3.532 E F0 .832 +(is the \214rst character of the v)3.642 F .832(alue of the)-.25 F F1 +(IFS)3.332 E F0 -.25(va)3.082 G 3.332(riable. If).25 F F1(IFS)3.332 E F0 +.833(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 237.6 +Q(If)5 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0 +(is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E +(ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 249.6 Q F0 .606 +(Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 249.6 R +.605(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .113 +(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 261.6 R .113(xpands to a separate w) +-.15 F 2.614(ord. That)-.1 F .114(is, ")2.614 F F2($@)A F0 2.614("i)C +2.614(se)-2.614 G(qui)-2.614 E -.25(va)-.25 G .114(lent to ").25 F F2 +($1)A F0 2.614("")C F2($2)-2.614 E F0 2.614(".)C(..)-2.614 E .135 +(If the double-quoted e)144 273.6 R .135(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 +F .135(ord, the e)-.1 F .134 +(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined)-.15 F .15(with the be)144 +285.6 R .15(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .151(ord, and the e) +-.1 F .151(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with)-.15 F .338 +(the last part of the original w)144 297.6 R 2.838(ord. When)-.1 F .337 +(there are no positional parameters, ")2.838 F F2($@)A F0 2.837("a)C(nd) +-2.837 E F2($@)2.837 E F0 -.15(ex)2.837 G(pand).15 E +(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 309.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 321.6 Q F0 +(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 321.6 Q +F2(?)108 333.6 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 333.6 Q (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 -E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2<ad>108 228 Q F0 .882 -(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 228 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G -.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) -144 240 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 252 Q F0 .214 -(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 252 R .214 +E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2<ad>108 345.6 Q F0 .881 +(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 345.6 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G +.882(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) +144 357.6 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 369.6 Q F0 .214 +(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 369.6 R .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 264 Q F2(!)108 276 Q F0 .499(Expands to t\ -he process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, whet\ -her e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E -(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 288 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(shell, not the subshell.)144 381.6 Q F2(!)108 393.6 Q F0 .499(Expands \ +to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, \ +whether e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E +(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 405.6 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F1(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 300 Q F0 1.691 -(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 300 R 1.692 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F2(bash)4.192 E -F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 312 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F2($0)3.078 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F2(bash)3.077 E -F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F2<ad63>3.077 E F0 .368 -(option, then)144 324 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369(is set to the \214rst ar) -2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369 -(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E(-)-.2 E -(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 336 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H -2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E F2(_)108 348 -Q F0 .055(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 -348 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054 -(he shell or shell script being e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691 -(as passed in the en)144 360 R .691(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691 -(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E 3.191(,e)-.65 G .692 -(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the)-.18 F(pre)144 372 Q -.571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571 -(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .77 -.1(ke e) -.2 H .57(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 384 S 1.6 -(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 +(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 417.6 Q F0 1.692 +(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 417.6 R 1.691 +(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F2(bash)4.191 E +F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 429.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F2($0)3.077 E F0 .578 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F2(bash)3.078 E +F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F2<ad63>3.078 E F0 .369 +(option, then)144 441.6 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369 +(is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E +(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 453.6 Q -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 +(iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E +F2(_)108 465.6 Q F0 .054 +(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 465.6 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 477.6 R .692 +(vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E +3.191(,e)-.65 G .691(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the) +-.18 F(pre)144 489.6 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07 +(xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e).2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 501.6 +S 1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 -396 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 412.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 -424.8 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) -108 441.6 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 -441.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 465.6 S .049 -(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) +513.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 530.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 +542.4 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) +108 559.2 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 +559.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E +F0(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 571.2 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 583.2 S .049 +(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F2<ad73>2.548 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 477.6 +(gument for the)-.18 F F2<ad73>2.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 595.2 R F2(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .477(appearing in)144 -489.6 R F1 -.27(BA)2.977 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .477(are those reported as) -2.727 F F3(on)3.207 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976 -(ft)-5.476 G .476(his v)-2.976 F .476(ariable is in the en)-.25 F -(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 501.6 Q F2(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ -ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F -3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 513.6 Q -(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SHPID).3 E -F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 537.6 R F2(bash) -2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187(fers from)-.25 F -F2($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F -(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 549.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 -E F0(to be re-initialized.)2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 561.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E -F0 1.195(An associati)144 573.6 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v) -.15 F 1.195(ariable whose members correspond to the internal list of al\ -iases as main-)-.25 F .16(tained by the)144 585.6 R F2(alias)2.66 E F0 --.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66(iltin. Elements).2 F .16 +3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 +607.2 R F1 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) +2.726 F F3(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 +(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 619.2 Q F2(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ +ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F +3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 631.2 Q +(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 643.2 S(SHPID).3 E +F0 .187(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 655.2 R F2(bash) +2.687 E F0 2.688(process. This)2.688 F(dif)2.688 E .188(fers from)-.25 F +F2($$)2.688 E F0 .188(under certain circum-)2.688 F .548 +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 667.2 R F2(bash) +3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .548(Assignments to)5.548 +F F1 -.27(BA)3.048 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 679.2 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E +F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) +-2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 691.2 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 +703.2 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\ +embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16 +(tained by the)144 715.2 R F2(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66 +(iltin. Elements).2 F .16 (added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 -(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 597.6 R +(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 727.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.503 E F2 -.3(BA)144 609.6 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 621.6 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 633.6 R -.935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 -(alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F2(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 645.6 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F -.535(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell functio\ -n or script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 657.6 S .142(cuted with).15 F F2(.) -2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa) --2.642 G 2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 -(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -669.6 R F1 -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F1 -.27(BA)5.131 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631 -(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 681.6 S(tended deb).15 E -(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F2(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E -F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E -(w\))-.25 E F2 -.3(BA)108 693.6 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98(An array v)144 -705.6 R .979(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current) --.25 F F2(bash)3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F -(The)5.979 E .275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at t\ -he top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 717.6 R -1.424(call is at the bottom.)144 729.6 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e) -6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424 -(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(10)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +9.503 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(10)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.27(BA)144 84 S(SH_ARGV).27 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.197 -(The shell sets)6.697 F F1 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197 -(only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197 -(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(description of the)144 96 Q/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F3(shopt) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F3 -.3(BA)108 108 S -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 120 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) +-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 108 R .935 +(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +(alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F +F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 120 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 +(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\ + script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 132 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G +2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 +(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 156 S .284 +(tended deb).15 F .284(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 +(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .283(option to the)2.783 F F1(shopt)2.783 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.783 G .283(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 168 Q F1 +(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(after the shell has started to e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cute a script may result in inconsistent v).15 E(alues.)-.25 +E F1 -.3(BA)108 180 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 192 R .979 +(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) +3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.98 E .275(\ +\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stac\ +k; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 204 R 1.424 +(call is at the bottom.)144 216 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 +F F2 -.27(BA)144 228 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) +6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F +2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .965 +(description of the)144 240 R F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 +(option to the)3.465 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 +(iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.966(after the shell)3.466 F(has started to e)144 252 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cute a script may result in inconsistent v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3 +(BA)108 264 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 276 R +.251(ariable e)-.25 F .251 +(xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F +F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E 1.224 +(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.724(\). Assignment).15 F(to)3.724 E F1 -.3(BA)3.724 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 +1.225(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 +(assigned to also be assigned to)144 300 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C +(f)-5.247 E F1 -.3(BA)2.747 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .247 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.747 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) +.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 312 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S +(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 336 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667 (rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\ -h table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the)144 132 R F3(hash) -2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F .196 +h table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the)144 348 R F1(hash) +2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 (added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ -t cause command names to be remo)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G -.852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 156 R F3 -.3(BA)2.5 G +t cause command names to be remo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G +.853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 372 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F3 -.3(BA)108 168 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 -(The command currently being e)144 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 +(The command currently being e)144 396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -192 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F3 -.3(BA)108 -204 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 216 Q -(gument to the)-.18 E F3<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F3 -.3(BA)108 228 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 -(An array v)144 240 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 252 -R F1(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 -(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F3(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F3(]})A F0 .97 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 264 R F3 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F3(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 -E F3(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F3(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F3(${B)144 276 Q(ASH_LINENO[) --.3 E F4($i-1)A F3(]})A F0 .115 -(if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F1 +408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +420 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 432 Q +(gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 444 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 +(An array v)144 456 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 468 R +F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) +-3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 480 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 +E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G +17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 492 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +-.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 +(if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 -288 Q(.)-.55 E F3 -.3(BA)108 300 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 312 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ +504 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 528 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F -(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 324 Q F3(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F3 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 -348 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F3(=~)2.506 -E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F3([[)2.506 E F0 .006 -(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 360 R .007 -(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 372 R(x)-.15 E -F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F -F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 384 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F3 -.3(BA)108 396 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 408 R .125(ar\ +(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 540 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) +2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 +564 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 +E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 +(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 576 R .007 +(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 588 R(x)-.15 E +F4(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F +F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 +(sion. This)144 600 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 612 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 624 R .125(ar\ iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 420 R F1(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 636 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 -(The shell function)5.78 F F3(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F3(]})A -F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 432 Q F3(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F3(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F3(${B)2.5 E -(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F3(]})A F0(.)A F3 -.3(BA)108 444 S -(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 -(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 456 R .296 -(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 468 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) -2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F3 -.3(BA)108 480 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644 -(Ar)144 492 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 648 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) +-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 660 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 +.296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 672 R +.296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 684 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) +2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 696 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645 +(Ar)144 708 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 (ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F3(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 -(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 504 S -(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F3 -.3 -(BA)144 522 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F3(])A F0(The major v)264 522 Q -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3 -(BA)144 534 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F3(])A F0(The minor v)264 534 Q -(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3(BA) -144 546 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F3(])A F0(The patch le)264 546 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F3 -.3(BA)144 558 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F3(])A -F0(The b)264 558 Q(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F3 -.3(BA)144 570 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F3(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)264 570 Q -F4(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F3 -.3(BA)144 582 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F3 -(])A F0(The v)264 582 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E F2(.)A -F3 -.3(BA)108 594 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 606 Q -(ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(COMP_CW)108 -618 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 630 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E -F3(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 642 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F3(Pr)144 654 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(COMP_KEY)108 666 Q F0(The k)144 678 Q .3 --.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 --.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F3(COMP_LINE)108 690 Q F0 1.208 -(The current command line.)144 702 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.848(mands in)144 714 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 -(yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F3(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 726 Q(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(11)192.055 E 0 Cg EP +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 +(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 720 S +(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(11)193.45 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(COMP_POINT)108 84 Q F0 .667(The inde)144 96 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167 -(ft)-3.167 G .666(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.166(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666 -(ginning of the current command.)-.15 F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 +SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 84 +Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.5 G +(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 96 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A +F0(The minor v)264 96 Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 +E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 108 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0 +(The patch le)264 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 120 S +(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A F0(The b)264 120 Q(uild v)-.2 E +(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0 +(The release status \(e.g.,)264 132 Q F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) +144 144 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A F0(The v)264 144 Q(alue of) +-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 156 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 +(Expands to a string describing the v)144 168 Q +(ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 +180 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 192 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E +F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 204 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 216 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 228 Q F0(The k)144 240 Q .3 +-.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 +-.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 252 Q F0 1.207 +(The current command line.)144 264 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.849(mands in)144 276 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 288 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 300 Q F0 .666(The inde) +144 312 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 +F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -108 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 120 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 132 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +324 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 336 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 348 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -144 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 156 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +360 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 372 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 168 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 -(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2 -(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi) --2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 180 Q F0 4.091(,f)C -1.591(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092 -(np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@) -4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w) --4.092 F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 192 R F2(%) -4.053 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v) -6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 204 S 2.928 +-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 384 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 +2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f) +C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 396 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592 +(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) +-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 +E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 +F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 408 R F2(%)4.052 E +F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F +1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 420 S 2.929 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -216 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 228 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.336(The set of characters that the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) -144 252 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G -(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 264 Q F1(COMP_W)108 276 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .654(An array v)144 288 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E -F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) --.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 300 R +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +432 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 444 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.335(The set of characters that the)144 456 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) +144 468 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G +(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 480 Q F1(COMP_W)108 492 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .653(An array v)144 504 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E +F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) +-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 516 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 -312 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 -(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) -144 324 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 336 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) -144 348 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 +528 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 +(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) +144 540 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 552 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) +144 564 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 360 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 372 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 384 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 576 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 588 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 600 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 396 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 -(members of this array v)144 408 R 1.432 +1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 612 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 +(members of this array v)144 624 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 420 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 636 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 432 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 648 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 444 Q F1(EUID)108 456 -Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 456 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 -H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 660 Q F1(EPOCHREAL) +108 672 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .338 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 684 R .337 +(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 +696 Q F2(time)2.916 E F0 .416(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417 +(ssignments to)-5.417 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 708 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 +1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E +F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E +(subsequently reset.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(12)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 13 13 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(EPOCHSECONDS)108 84 Q F0 .337 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 96 R .338 +(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 +108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)4.042 E F0 4.042 +(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHSECONDS) +4.042 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E +F0 1.541(is unset, it)3.791 F(loses its special properties, e)144 120 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(EUID)108 132 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef) +144 132 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103 +(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 (nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 468 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 480 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 492 R .479 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 144 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 156 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 168 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) -.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 504 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 +(The element with inde)144 180 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 (he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 516 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 192 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 (ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 -(tion is e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +(tion is e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) 2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E (AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F -(special properties, e)144 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +(special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 -558 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) +234 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 570 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 246 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 -(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 582 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G +(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 258 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) -2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 -(at line number)144 594 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +(at line number)144 270 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 (]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G 1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 606 Q F1(GR)108 618 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 -(An array v)144 630 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ +(this information.)144 282 Q F1(GR)108 294 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 +(An array v)144 306 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E -.571(ments to)144 642 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +.571(ments to)144 318 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 (GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E -(subsequently reset.)144 654 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 666 Q F0 .356 -(The history number)144 678 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) +(subsequently reset.)144 330 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 342 Q F0 .356 +(The history number)144 354 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) -2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 (HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +(loses its special properties, e)144 366 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 702 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 714 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(12)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 13 13 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(HOSTTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquel\ -y describes the type of machine on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 -.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 108 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 120 Q F0 1.408(Each\ +(HOSTN)108 378 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 390 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 402 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 414 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 +.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 426 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 438 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ -ber representing the)144 132 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 144 R .079 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 156 R .307 +ber representing the)144 450 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 462 R .079 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 474 R .307 (alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its) -2.556 F(special properties, e)144 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5 -(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA) -108 180 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that full\ -y describes the system type on which)144 192 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899 -(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 -204 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE) -108 216 Q F0 .294(An array v)144 228 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 -(Arrays)2.794 E F0(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F -.293(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 240 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 252 Q F0(The pre)144 264 Q(vious w)-.25 E +F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F +(special properties, e)144 486 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 498 Q +(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ +es the system type on which)144 510 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 522 Q F2 +(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 534 Q F0 .294 +(An array v)144 546 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 +(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 558 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 +(OLDPWD)108 570 Q F0(The pre)144 582 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 276 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 288 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 594 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 606 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 -(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 300 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 312 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 324 R 4.152 +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 618 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 630 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 642 R 4.152 (xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 336 +4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 654 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 -348 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 360 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 372 Q(ault is system-dependent.) --.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 384 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 -396 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 +666 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ +g system on which)144 678 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 690 Q(ault is system-dependent.) +-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 702 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 +714 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 (w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 -(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 408 Q -.15 +(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 726 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E -(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 -(PPID)108 420 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 420 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 14 14 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(PPID)108 84 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 84 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 432 Q F0(The current w)144 432 Q +F1(PWD)108 96 Q F0(The current w)144 96 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 444 Q F0 .565 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 456 R .566 +(RANDOM)108 108 Q F0 .565 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 120 R .566 (ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 468 -R .01(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) -4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 480 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 132 +R .01(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 492 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 504 R +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 156 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 168 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF +-.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 516 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(READLINE_POINT)108 528 Q F0 .314 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 540 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G +E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 180 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 192 Q F0 .314 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 204 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 -(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 552 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 564 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 576 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 +(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 216 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 228 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 240 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) --.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 588 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ -ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 600 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 612 R .712 -(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F4(,)A F0 .712(the v) +-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 252 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ +ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 +(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 276 R .712 +(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712(the v) 2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 624 R .408 +F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 288 R .408 (alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 636 Q -.15(ve) +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 300 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 648 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 660 S +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 312 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 324 S .763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 672 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F +(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 336 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 (SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E -3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 684 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F F3(on)2.749 E F0 -(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G -.019(his v)-2.519 F .019(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E -(when)144 696 Q F1(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ - the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642 -(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 708 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E -(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(13)192.055 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 14 14 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(SHL)108 84 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 -(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 96 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 108 Q F0 -(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 108 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G +3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 348 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 360 Q F1(bash) +3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 +F(This v)144 372 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 384 Q +(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 396 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 408 Q F0 +(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 408 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 124.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 424.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 (bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 136.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 153.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -1.192(The v)144 165.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 436.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 +1.192(The v)144 465.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.692(sc)-.55 G 1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693 (l. See).15 F 1.193(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 --.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 177.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E +-.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 477.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E F1 .372(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 (for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 189.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 +(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 489.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 (va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 -(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) -144 213.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 +144 513.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 225.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) +4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 525.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) -.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 (ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 -(sets the compatibility le)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G +(sets the compatibility le)144 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G 3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 -(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 249.6 R F1 +(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 549.6 R F1 (shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 -(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 261.6 Q F1 +(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 561.6 Q F1 (compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 (alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 273.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 -(If this parameter is set when)144 285.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) +-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 573.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 +(If this parameter is set when)144 585.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) 3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 (alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 297.6 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354 -(he v)-5.354 F .354(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.854 G -(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected)2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 309.6 -R .525(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 321.6 Q -F3 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 597.6 R F5 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) +2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 609.6 R .525 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 621.6 Q +F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 333.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 345.6 +108 633.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 645.6 R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F -(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 357.6 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) -5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) --.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 -369.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne) -2.388 F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 -G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the \ -empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error) -144 381.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F3 -.27(BA) -144 393.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error\ - \214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F -(standard error being closed.)144 405.6 Q F1(CDP)108 417.6 Q -.95(AT) --.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 429.6 R F1(cd)3.747 -E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 +(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 657.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 +(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 +(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 669.6 S +(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F +2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 G +(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ +mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 +681.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F2 -.27(BA)144 +693.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ +\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F +(standard error being closed.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(14)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 15 15 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(CDP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the) +144 96 R F1(cd)3.747 E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 (is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 -(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 441.6 R -F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 -(alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 453.6 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 465.6 -Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 477.6 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 -F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 -(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.498 E -.25(va)144 -489.6 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 -(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.077 -(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 501.6 Q -2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E -F1(COLUMNS)108 513.6 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 525.6 R F1(select)3.328 E -F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing \ -selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 537.6 R 2.007 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 108 R F1 +(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 +(alue is)-.25 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(".:~:/usr")144 120 Q F0(.)A F1 +(CHILD_MAX)108 132 Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 144 R .997 +(xited child status v)-.15 F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F +5.997(.B)-.55 G .997(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his) +-3.498 E -.25(va)144 156 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577 +(waP)-.25 G 1.077(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 +F 1.077(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 +168 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.) +-.25 E F1(COLUMNS)108 180 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 192 R F1(select) +3.328 E F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when p\ +rinting selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 204 R 2.007 (set if the)4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 (option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 549.6 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 561.6 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847 -(An array v)144 573.6 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E -F0 .848(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function) -3.348 F(in)144 585.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt) --2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E -2.785(w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.) -144 597.6 Q F1(EMA)108 609.6 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 621.6 Q F1(bash)2.535 -E F0 .035(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.536 E +2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 216 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 228 Q(Y)-.92 E +F0 .847(An array v)144 240 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash) +3.348 E F0 .848 +(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F +(in)144 252 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G +.285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F1 +(Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 +(w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 +264 Q F1(EMA)108 276 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 288 Q F1(bash)2.535 E F0 .035 +(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F2(t)2.536 E F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F -(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 633.6 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 645.6 Q F0(Similar to) -144 645.6 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 +(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 300 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 312 Q F0(Similar to) +144 312 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F4(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 657.6 Q F0 2.717(Ac) -144 669.6 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F1 --.1(Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C +2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 324 Q F0 2.717(Ac)144 +336 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F1 -.1 +(Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C .216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 -(ignored by command search using)144 681.6 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 -E F0 5.116(.F)C .117 +(ignored by command search using)144 348 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E +F0 5.116(.F)C .117 (iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 -(are not considered e)144 693.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 +(are not considered e)144 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 705.6 S(TH)-.21 E F0 +(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 372 S(TH)-.21 E F0 2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) -.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)2.908 E F0(,)A F1(test)2.908 E F0 2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F1([[)2.908 E F0 2.909(commands. Full)2.908 F (pathnames)2.909 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 -717.6 R F1(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 -(ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 729.6 -R 1.67 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.37(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 +384 R F1(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 +(ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 396 R +1.67 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.37(he e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 (cutable bit set, b).15 F 1.37(ut are not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.37 -(cutable \214les.).15 F 1.37(The pattern matching)6.37 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(14)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 15 15 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(honors the setting of the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extglob)2.5 E -F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 96 Q F0(The def)144 108 Q -(ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 -E F1(FIGNORE)108 120 Q F0 2.599(Ac)144 132 S .098 -(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 -(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 144 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F -.204(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205 -(\214x matches one of the entries in)-.25 F F2(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205 -(is e)2.455 F .205(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.) -144 156 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF -(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 168 Q F0 .231 -(If set to a numeric v)144 180 R .231 +(cutable \214les.).15 F 1.37(The pattern matching)6.37 F +(honors the setting of the)144 408 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.) +2.5 E F1(FCEDIT)108 420 Q F0(The def)144 432 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E +F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F1(FIGNORE)108 444 Q F0 +2.599(Ac)144 456 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E +.098(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 +(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 468 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 +(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 +(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 480 Q 2.5(As)5 +G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F2(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 +492 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 504 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E -(cations that e)144 192 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(cations that e)144 516 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)108 204 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 216 S .618(olon-separated list of\ - patterns de\214ning the set of \214lenames to be ignored by pathname e) --3.118 F(xpan-)-.15 E 3.132(sion. If)144 228 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G .632 -(lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 -(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F2 -(GLOBIGNORE)144 240 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1 -(HISTCONTR)108 252 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 264 S .153 -(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F -2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 -G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) -5.153 F .491(of v)144 276 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 -(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49 -(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 -G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 288 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 -(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 -(Av)144 300 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 -(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 -(all pre)144 312 R .698 +(GLOBIGNORE)108 528 Q F0 2.923(Ac)144 540 S .423(olon-separated list of\ + patterns de\214ning the set of \214le names to be ignored by pathname \ +e)-2.923 F(xpan-)-.15 E 2.948(sion. If)144 552 R 2.948<618c>2.948 G .448 +(le name matched by a pathname e)-2.948 F .447 +(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F F3 +(GLOBIGNORE)144 564 Q F4(,)A F0(it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df) +.15 G(rom the list of matches.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCONTR)108 576 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 +2.653(Ac)144 588 S .153(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153 +(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 +F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.) +-2.653 F .154(If the list)5.153 F .491(of v)144 600 R .491 +(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 +E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F +F1(space)2.991 E F0 .49(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99 +(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 612 R +3.057(Av)5.557 G .557(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 +.557(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.926 +(Av)144 624 S .426(alue of)-3.176 F F5(ignor)2.936 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.426(is shorthand for)3.206 F F5(ignor)2.926 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.926 E F5(ignor)2.926 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.426(.A)C -.25(va)-2.501 G +.425(lue of).25 F F5(er)3.115 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)3.195 E .698 +(all pre)144 636 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.198(df).15 G .699(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 324 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 +(sa)144 648 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.764(d. An).15 F 2.764(yv)-.15 G .264 (alue not in the abo)-3.014 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 336 S .441(alid v) +(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .263 +(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.941(av)144 660 S .441(alid v) -3.191 F .441(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(do).15 G 2.942(nt)-2.942 G .442 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)144 348 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ +(he history list, subject to the v)-2.942 F .442(alue of)-.25 F F3 +(HISTIGNORE)144 672 Q F4(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ f a multi-line compound command are not)6.482 F -(tested, and are added to the history re)144 360 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G -(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) -A F1(HISTFILE)108 372 Q F0 .181 -(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 384 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F2(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) +(tested, and are added to the history re)144 684 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G +(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F4(.) +A F1(HISTFILE)108 696 Q F0 .181 +(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 708 R -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F3(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) -.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.682(w\). The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) --.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 396 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 +-.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 720 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 -(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 408 Q F0 -1.623(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 -420 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 432 S .931(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) -.25 F 3.432(,t)-.65 G 3.432(oc)-3.432 G .932 -(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 444 Q +(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(15)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 16 16 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(HISTFILESIZE)108 84 Q F0 1.623 +(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 96 R +1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25(va)144 +108 S .931(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary).25 F +3.432(,t)-.65 G 3.432(oc)-3.432 G .932 +(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 120 Q .871(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .87(The history \214le is also tru\ ncated to this size after writing it when a)5.871 F 1.244(shell e)144 -456 R 3.744(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 +132 R 3.744(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 (alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.245 -(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.245(alues and)-.25 F 1.022(numeric v)144 468 R +(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.245(alues and)-.25 F 1.022(numeric v)144 144 R 1.022(alues less than zero inhibit truncation.)-.25 F 1.022 (The shell sets the def)6.022 F 1.022(ault v)-.1 F 1.022(alue to the v) --.25 F 1.021(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 480 Q F0(after reading an) -2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 492 Q F0 -2.657(Ac)144 504 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ +-.25 F 1.021(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 156 Q F0(after reading an) +2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 168 Q F0 +2.657(Ac)144 180 S .157(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ which command lines should be sa)-2.657 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.658(do).15 G -2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 516 R .708 +2.658(nt)-2.658 G .158(he his-)-2.658 F .708(tory list.)144 192 R .708 (Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.708 F .707 (ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .625 -(\(no implicit `)144 528 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 +(\(no implicit `)144 204 R F1(*)A F0 3.125('i)C 3.125(sa)-3.125 G 3.125 (ppended\). Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 -(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F2(HISTCONTR)144 -540 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 +(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(HISTCONTR)144 216 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 552 R 2.514(vious history line.) +F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 228 R 2.514(vious history line.) -.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 564 +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 240 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 576 R +1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 252 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)3.77 E F4(.)A F0 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 588 Q F1(extglob)2.5 -E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 600 Q F0 1.387 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 612 +(HISTIGNORE)3.77 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 264 Q F1(extglob)2.5 +E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 276 Q F0 1.387 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 288 R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 624 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) +-.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 300 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) .25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.82(di).15 G 3.821(nt)-3.82 G 1.321 (he history list.)-3.821 F 1.321(Numeric v)6.321 F 1.321 -(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 636 T .437 +(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 312 T .437 (ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.937(do).15 G 2.937(nt)-2.937 G .437(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.937 F .436 (The shell sets the def)5.436 F .436(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E -(to 500 after reading an)144 648 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E -F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 660 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 672 R .951 +(to 500 after reading an)144 324 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E +F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 336 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 348 R .951 (ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952 -(\(3\) to print the)B .673 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 684 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952(\(3\) to print the)B .673 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 360 R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) 3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 696 R +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 372 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 (ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 708 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(15)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 16 16 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(HOME)108 84 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 96 R 1.27(ault ar) + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 384 Q +F1(HOME)108 396 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 408 R 1.27(ault ar) -.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 108 S(lue of this v).25 E +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 420 S(lue of this v).25 E (ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 120 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 132 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015 -(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F .551 -(needs to complete a hostname.)144 144 R .551 +(HOSTFILE)108 432 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 444 R F4 +(/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F +.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 456 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 156 R 1.059 +1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 468 R 1.059 (xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .138 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 480 Q F0 .138 (adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 .138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138 -(alue, or)-.25 F .517(does not name a readable \214le,)144 180 R F1 -(bash)3.017 E F0 .517(attempts to read)3.017 F F2(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 -.518(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 -192 Q(When)5 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0 -(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 204 Q F0(The) -144 204 Q F2 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E -F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555 -(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 216 S(rds with the) -.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E -(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E -(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 228 Q F0 .503 -(Controls the action of an interacti)144 240 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 492 R F1(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 +(attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 504 +Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) +2.25 E F1(IFS)108 516 Q F0(The)144 516 Q F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 +(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 +(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 +F -.1(wo)144 528 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E +(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 540 Q +F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 552 R .803 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 (character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) -144 252 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +144 564 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 (characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 -(on an input line before)144 264 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(on an input line before)144 576 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 276 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 588 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E -F3(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 288 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 300 R F1 -.18(re) +F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 +(INPUTRC)108 600 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 612 R F1 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F3(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 312 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 324 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 324 R +1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F2(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 624 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F1(LANG)108 636 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 636 R 1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 (gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 336 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 348 Q F0 .974 -(This v)144 360 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 -(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F3(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) +(starting with)144 648 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 660 Q F0 .974 +(This v)144 672 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 +(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F2(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) 3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 372 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 384 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 396 R .412(ariable det\ +.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 684 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 696 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 708 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 408 R 1.465 +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 720 R 1.465 (vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 -420 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 432 Q F0 -1.935(This v)144 444 R 1.936 +1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(16)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 17 17 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(within pathname e) +144 84 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(LC_CTYPE)108 96 Q F0 1.935(This v)144 108 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 456 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 468 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 480 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 120 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 132 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 144 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) -108 492 Q F0(This v)144 504 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 516 Q F0(This v) -144 528 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 540 Q F0 -.055(Used by the)144 540 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +108 156 Q F0(This v)144 168 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 180 Q F0(This v) +144 192 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 204 Q F0 +.055(Used by the)144 204 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 -(Automatically set if the)144 552 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 +(Automatically set if the)144 216 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 (option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 -(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F3(SIGWINCH)144 564 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 576 Q F0 1.201 -(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 576 -R F3(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 +(hell upon receipt of a).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGWINCH)144 228 Q/F3 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 240 Q F0 1.201 +(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 240 +R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 (riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 -(informs the user of the arri)144 588 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 +(informs the user of the arri)144 252 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 600 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 612 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 264 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 276 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) -2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) 5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 624 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F -(or set to a v)144 636 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ -l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 648 Q --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 660 S .49 +mpt.)144 288 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +(or set to a v)144 300 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ +l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 312 Q +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 324 S .49 (olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 (ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) -144 672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ +144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ - with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 684 Q(xt of the message,) + with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 348 Q(xt of the message,) -.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 -(MAILP)144 696 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) +(MAILP)144 360 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .015 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 372 Q F0 .015 (can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ -ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 720 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(16)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 17 17 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(OPTERR)108 84 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 96 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1 -(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1 -(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF .359(SHELL B)144 108 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) -.15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 132 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 -(The search path for commands.)144 132 R .587 +ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 384 Q +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 396 Q F0 .39 +(If set to the v)144 408 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 420 R +(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in) +2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 432 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 444 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)144 444 R .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 144 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 456 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) 2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 156 S +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 468 S .536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 (indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 (null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 168 R .868 +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 480 R .868 (The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F(administrator who installs)144 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C -(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF -(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 192 Q -F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 204 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 216 R +-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 492 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C +(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF +(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 504 Q +F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 516 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 528 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 -E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 +E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 (posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 228 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 540 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 240 Q F1(bash)2.5 -E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 252 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 264 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 552 Q F1(bash)2.5 +E F0(enables)2.5 E F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) +-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F4(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 564 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 576 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) -108 276 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 288 R .676 +108 588 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 600 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 300 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 +(nents to retain when e)144 612 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) 3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E -(Characters remo)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 324 Q F0 1.174(The v) -144 324 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) +(Characters remo)144 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 636 Q F0 1.174(The v) +144 636 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) -.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 (w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 336 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 348 Q F0 .065(The v)144 348 R +(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 648 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 660 Q F0 .065(The v)144 660 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) 2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 360 R +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 672 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 372 Q F0 .117(The v)144 372 R .117 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 684 Q F0 .117(The v)144 684 R .117 (alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) 2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) -5.118 E(def)144 384 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 396 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 396 R 1.115 +5.118 E(def)144 696 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 708 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 708 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) 3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 408 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 420 Q F0 .1 -(The v)144 420 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 432 Q F0 .292 -(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F -.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291 -(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 444 Q 2.5(,t) --.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 456 Q F0 .663 -(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 468 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F -.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 -(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 492 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 -504 R .826 +144 720 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(17)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 18 18 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(PS4)108 84 Q F0 .1(The v)144 84 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 +F .1(xpanded as with)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101 +(and the v)2.35 F .101(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1 +(bash)144 96 Q F0 .335(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335 +(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .335(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-) +2.584 F(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5 +(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.) +.15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 +E F1(SHELL)108 120 Q F0 .663(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 132 +R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If) +-.25 F .664(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 144 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 +E 2.5(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 156 Q(T)-.95 E F0 +.827(The v)144 168 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F 3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 516 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 180 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 (reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F (The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 528 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +(an escape sequence that is e)144 192 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F .711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 540 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 558 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)194 558 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 570 Q F4(p)A F1 -(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 570 Q F1(%[)144 582 Q F4(p) -A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 582 Q -F1(%[)144 594 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 594 Q F1(%P)144 606 -Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 606 Q .87 -(The optional)144 622.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) -3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 +(and their meanings are as follo)144 204 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 222 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)194 222 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 234 Q/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 +234 Q F1(%[)144 246 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 246 Q F1(%[)144 258 Q +F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 +258 Q F1(%P)144 270 Q F0 +(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 270 Q .87 +(The optional)144 286.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 (he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 634.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +144 298.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 (lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 (At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 646.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F4 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 310.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 (p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E -F4(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 658.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 675.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 +F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 322.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 339.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 687.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0 +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 351.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 (determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 -(If this v)144 704.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +(If this v)144 368.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) -144 716.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 +144 380.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 -728.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E -(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(17)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 18 18 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(TMOUT)108 84 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 96 R .941 -(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 -.941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 --.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 108 Q F1 -(select)2.811 E F0 .311(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 -F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31 -(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 120 R -.885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 -F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 -132 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F -F1(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that) --.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 -144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 156 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 168 +392.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 +404.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 416.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) +-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 +(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 428.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F +.885(ing from a terminal.)144 440.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 +(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 452.4 +S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 +(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 +F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 464.4 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 476.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 488.4 R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 (alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 180 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 192 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 204 R -.531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 500.4 Q 2.5(su) +-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 512.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 +524.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 (he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 216 R +(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 536.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 228 S .367(isting stopped job) + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 548.4 S .367(isting stopped job) .15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 (wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F 1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -240 R(The)6.125 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.125 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 252 Q 1.133 +560.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 572.4 Q 1.133 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) 6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 (he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 264 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 584.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 (he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 276 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 596.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) -5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 288 Q F1(%?)3.333 E F0 -.833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E -F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 608.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E +F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) -.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 300 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 620.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 (ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(histchars)108 324 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 336 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) --4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 348 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 +F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 632.4 Q(.)-.55 +E F1(histchars)108 644.4 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 656.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G +4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F +2.07(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E +(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 668.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E +3.716(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 (history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G 1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 360 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 -(second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 372 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 -(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 +144 680.4 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B +.798(second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 692.4 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G +.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 (vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 384 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 704.4 R .575(The def) +5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 (optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 396 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 408 R 1.293 +char)144 716.4 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 728.4 R 1.293 (ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 420 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(18)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 19 19 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .38 +(skipped for the remaining w)144 84 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 (It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 432 Q F1(Arrays)87 448.8 Q(Bash) -108 460.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 -(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 472.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.328(an array)108 484.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 -(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 496.8 R -1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Arrays)87 112.8 Q(Bash)108 124.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89 +(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891 +(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391 +(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891(ariable may be used as an) +-3.641 F(inde)108 136.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the) +-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e) +.2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073 +(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F .328(an array)108 +148.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr)-.15 G .329 +(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G +2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.329(.I)-.65 G +(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329(rrays are refer)-2.829 +F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 160.8 R 1.595 +(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -508.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +172.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 525.6 R -.15(xe) +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 189.6 R -.15(xe) -.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 537.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A -F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F3(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 -E -.15(ex)108 549.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 -E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.98 -(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E -(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 561.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 -E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3 -(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 578.4 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 595.2 Q .941 -(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) --.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 624 R -F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F3(value)108 636 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F3 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.963 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 201.6 +Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F2(subscript)4.389 E F0 +1.549(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o) +-7.348 E -.15(ex)108 213.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1 +(declar)4.48 E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 225.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G +(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 +(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E +(Associati)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E +F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 +259.2 Q .941(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 +(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 +-.18(re)3.44 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F +(attrib)3.44 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 271.2 Q +(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 288 R +F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) +-4.148 F F2(value)108 300 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F2 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 -(When assigning to inde)108 648 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 +(When assigning to inde)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 (ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 -(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 660 R +(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 324 R 3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 (he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 672 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 688.8 Q +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 336 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 352.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 705.6 R F1(declar) +-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 369.6 R F1(declar) 2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 -717.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 +381.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 (syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) +4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 393.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 (hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(18)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 19 19 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(of)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 +(of)108 405.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 -G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 96 Q(An)108 112.8 Q +G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 417.6 Q(An)108 434.4 Q 3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 +-3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 (braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 124.8 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 -(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(@)4.041 E F0(or) -4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F -1.541(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 136.8 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(con\215icts with pathname e)108 446.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 +(subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E +F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 458.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 (ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 148.8 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 470.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B .521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 160.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374 -(special v)3.624 F 1.375(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375 -([@]} e)B 1.375(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375 -(to a separate w)3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028 -(there are no array members, ${)108 172.8 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B -2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F 2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F -2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758(within a w)108 184.8 R .759 -(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 +1.374(of the)108 482.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 +(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 +494.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F +2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 +(within a w)108 506.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 (ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -196.8 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +518.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 208.8 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 -F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 +F .227(to the e)108 530.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 (Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 220.8 -S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A -F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F2(*)3.386 E F0(or) -3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 232.8 -R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 542.4 +S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A +F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) +3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 554.4 +R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F2(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 (luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 244.8 R .929 -.15(ve t) +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 566.4 R .929 -.15(ve t) -.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F 3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G 3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(indices count back from the end of the array)108 256.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G +(indices count back from the end of the array)108 578.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 -273.6 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +595.2 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) -108 285.6 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 -E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E -F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 302.4 -Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E +108 607.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 +E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E +F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 624 Q +(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 319.2 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 640.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() .15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 331.2 S .749 -(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) +(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F1 +(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 652.8 S .749 +(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name) 3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 -343.2 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 360 Q F2(unset)2.767 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G -(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A +664.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 681.6 Q F1(unset) +2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 372 Q F0 6.318(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) --6.318 H(ti).15 E 1.618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.318(ubscripts to inde).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.818(da).15 G 1.319 -(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.818 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.319 -(.C).15 G 1.319(are must be tak)-6.319 F 1.319(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 -384 S .298(id unw).2 F .298(anted side ef)-.1 F .298 -(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.298 E F1 -(name)2.797 E F0 2.797(,w)C(here)-2.797 E F1(name)2.797 E F0 .297 -(is an array)2.797 F 2.797(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.797 E F2(unset)2.797 E F1 -(name)108 396 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E -F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 -412.8 Q F2(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C -(nd)-3.573 E F2 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073 -(iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 -(rray and a)-3.574 F F2<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 -(option to specify an associati)108 424.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +-.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 693.6 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474 +(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) +-3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +.05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615 +(described abo)108 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.614 E F2 +(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 717.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 +(subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 +(or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 20 20 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .847 +(When using a v)108 84 R .848(ariable name with a subscript as an ar) +-.25 F .848(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 96 R +.345(ord e)-.1 F .345(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.845(,t).15 G .345(he ar)-2.845 F .344 +(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-) +2.844 E(name e)108 108 Q(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E +(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e) +-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re) +3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F +F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F1<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 +(option to specify an associati)108 136.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) --2.838 F F2<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 -(accepts a)108 436.8 R F2<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 +-2.838 F F1<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) +5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 +(accepts a)108 148.8 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 448.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E -(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 465.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 477.6 R 3.26 +-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 160.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F2 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 177.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ +rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 189.6 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 489.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 -(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) -2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 501.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) -2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .419(The order of e)108 518.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 +E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869 E .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .37 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 213.6 Q F0(,).24 E F3(arithmetic e) +2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 +E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 +E .419(The order of e)108 230.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 (xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 -(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 530.4 S +(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S .195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F .196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 542.4 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 559.2 R -.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 +-.15 E(sion.)108 254.4 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 271.2 R +.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.757 E .257 (ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 571.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 283.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .002(After these e)108 588 R .003 +-.15 E .002(After these e)108 300 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) -.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 -(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 600 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 616.8 R 1.487(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487 -(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 628.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 312 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F3(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 +E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 328.8 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191 +(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F +-.15(ex)108 340.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 +F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 (ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 640.8 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") --2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G -(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G -(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2(Brace Expansion)87 657.6 -Q F1(Br)108.58 669.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.745 +("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 +(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.744 E F3 +(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 364.8 S +(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 381.6 +Q F3(Br)108.58 393.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 681.6 Q F1 .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 405.6 Q F3 .415 (pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 693.6 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 417.6 R F3(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 705.6 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 429.6 R +.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 (contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 717.6 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(19)192.055 E -0 Cg EP -%%Page: 20 20 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .718(Brace e)108 -84 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719(The results of each e) -5.719 F .719(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 -F(preserv)108 96 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF({)A F0(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C -(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)108 112.8 S .743(equence e) --3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A F1(]})A -F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)3.242 E F0 -.742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)-.15 F(and) -108 124.8 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532 -(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532 -(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 -136.8 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) --2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 -(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 148.8 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) -2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +ch resulting string, e)108 441.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) +108 453.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 470.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 +F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) +108 482.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) +108 499.2 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A +F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F3(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F3(y) +3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 511.2 Q F3(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +.532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G +.532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 +(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 +523.2 R F3(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F3(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 535.2 R .015(When either)5.015 F F3(x)2.515 E F0(or) +2.515 E F3(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 160.8 R +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 547.2 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 172.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le) -.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E -F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 -(that both)108 184.8 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E +F3(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 +(that both)108 571.2 R F3(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F3(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 196.8 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 213.6 -R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016 -(are preserv)108 225.6 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016 -(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 237.6 Q -(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 254.4 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 -(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 266.4 R 3.441 -(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 278.4 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 +-.25 E(between each term.)108 583.2 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 600 +R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 +(are preserv)108 612 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 +(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 +(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 +(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 624 Q(xt of the e) +-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac) +108 640.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must \ +contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F +3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 652.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F +5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(unchanged. A)108 664.8 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911 -(sion. T)108 290.4 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 +(sion. T)108 676.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 302.4 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ -as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) -108 319.2 R(longer than in the abo)108 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H -(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 348 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G -(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 360 Q(cho)144 372 Q -(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e) --.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 388.8 R .618 +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 688.8 Q +(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ +ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ +gs to be generated is)108 705.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 717.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 21 21 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 84 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E +(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 96 Q(cho)144 108 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E +(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618 +(Brace e)108 124.8 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 400.8 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 412.8 Q -.15 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) +5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 136.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 424.8 Q F0 .514 -(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515 -(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e) -3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 -(If strict compatibility with)108 436.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 160.8 Q F0 +.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 +(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 +(If strict compatibility with)108 172.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 448.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 184.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 465.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 477.6 R 1.086(ord be) --.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ +87 201.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 213.6 R 1.087(ord be) +-.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 +1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ -ed a)108 489.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\ -\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 501.6 R -.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 513.6 Q -.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +ed a)108 225.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 +(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ +\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 237.6 R +.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 249.6 Q +.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 525.6 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 261.6 Q/F4 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 537.6 Q .093 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 554.4 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 273.6 Q .092 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 290.4 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 566.4 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 302.4 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 578.4 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 314.4 R F2(N)4.141 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -590.4 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 602.4 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 +326.4 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 338.4 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 614.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 631.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 350.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 367.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 648 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 384 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.468(these cases, tilde e)108 660 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 -(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 672 +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 396 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 +(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 408 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G (H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 (,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E -F1 -.1(Pa)87 688.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)108 700.8 R -F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F -1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 712.8 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 724.8 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(20)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 21 21 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(of the name.)108 -84 Q 1.19 +F1 -.1(Pa)87 424.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 436.8 R +F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F +1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 448.8 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 460.8 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 +472.8 Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 -(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 -(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 112.8 R 2.15 -(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 124.8 S -(pansion.).15 E(${)108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F0(})A 1.205(The v)144 153.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 165.6 R F2(par)4.014 E +489.6 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 +501.6 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 513.6 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 530.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(})A 1.204(The v)144 542.4 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 +(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 554.4 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 177.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 189.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 566.4 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 578.4 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 206.4 R F2(par)2.846 E +(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 595.2 R F2(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G -(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.635(al)108 218.4 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635 -(lo).25 G 2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F1(Bash) +2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G +(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 607.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634 +(lo).25 G 2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F1(Bash) 5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 230.4 R 1.003 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 619.2 R 1.003 (ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 (xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .595 -(rather than the v)108 242.4 R .595(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.095 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno)3.095 F .595 -(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.594 -(.I)C(f)-5.594 E F2(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .594(is a nameref,) -3.094 F .477(this e)108 254.4 R .477(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F -.477(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.978 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .478 -(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.978 F 2.164(rect e)108 266.4 -R 4.663(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.663 G 2.163 -(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163(nd ${)-4.663 F F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 2.163(]} described)B(belo)108 278.4 Q 3.8 -.65 -(w. T)-.25 H(he e).65 E(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 E -2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E -.334(In each of the cases belo)108 295.2 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E +(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .257 +(rather than the v)108 631.2 R .257(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.757 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.757(itself. This)2.757 F .257(is kno)2.757 F .257 +(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.757 E .257(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.257 +(.T)C .257(he v)-5.257 F .258(alue is subject to tilde)-.25 F -.15(ex) +108 643.2 S 2.767(pansion, parameter e).15 F 2.766 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 5.266 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)5.266 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.766(is a)5.266 F +.461(nameref, this e)108 655.2 R .461(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F +.461(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.961 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .462 +(instead of performing the com-)2.961 F 2.419(plete indirect e)108 667.2 +R 4.919(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.919 G 2.418 +(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.418(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 +(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.918(}a)C 2.418(nd ${)-4.918 F F1(!)A F2 +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A .464(described belo)108 679.2 R 4.264 -.65 +(w. T)-.25 H .464(he e).65 F .464 +(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 2.965(wt)-.25 G .465 +(he left brace in order to introduce indi-)-2.965 F(rection.)108 691.2 Q +.334(In each of the cases belo)108 708 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E (d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 (xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 307.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09 -(When not performing substring e)108 324 R 1.089 +F(and arithmetic e)108 720 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(21)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 22 22 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.089 +(When not performing substring e)108 84 R 1.089 (xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E F1(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 -(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 336 Q(Omittin\ -g the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E -(${)108 352.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) -A F1 .722(Use Default V)144 364.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 -E F2(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F -.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 376.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2 -(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 388.8 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.005 -(Assign Default V)144 400.8 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F2 -(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F -2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 -(is assigned to)5.274 F F2(par)144 412.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 -G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 +(e.g.,)-3.589 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.59 E +F0 1.09(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 96 Q(Om\ +itting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 +E(${)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A +F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 124.8 R(alues)-.92 E +F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723 +(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E +(wise, the v)144 136.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004(Assign Default V)144 160.8 R(alues)-.92 +E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 +(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E +(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 172.8 Q(ameter)-.15 +E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 424.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 436.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F1 .535(Display Err)144 448.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 184.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 196.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F1 .535(Display Err)144 208.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 460.8 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F -(interacti)144 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 220.8 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F +(interacti)144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 484.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 496.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 244.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 256.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F (alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 508.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 520.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 532.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 268.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 280.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 292.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 544.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 +144 304.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 -(character speci\214ed by)144 556.8 R F2(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 -(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 +(character speci\214ed by)144 316.8 R F2(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 +(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F1(*) -3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 568.8 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F1(*) +3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 328.8 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 -(substring of the v)144 580.8 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.543 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F -F2(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) --.15 F .846(end of the v)144 592.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 +(substring of the v)144 340.8 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F +F2(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) +-.15 F .847(end of the v)144 352.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 (and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 604.8 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 628.8 Q F2(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +.846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 364.8 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 388.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 640.8 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.046(end of the v)144 400.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 652.8 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 664.8 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 676.8 Q -.2 +(of)144 412.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 424.8 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 436.8 Q -.2 (vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 700.8 Q F2(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 -E F1(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F2(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) -2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 712.8 R .095 -(en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 -(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 -G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) -.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 -(the last positional parameter)144 724.8 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti) --6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if) --3.972 F F2(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(21)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 22 22 +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 460.8 Q F2(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 +E F1(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F2(length)2.959 +E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) +2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 472.8 R .6 +(en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 +(ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G +3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 484.8 +R 5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G +.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F2(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 496.8 Q(If)144 520.8 Q F2 +(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.014(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) +-3.014 F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 +(the array be)144 532.8 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 +(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo) +.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 544.8 R +3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079 +(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079 +(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F2(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 +(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 556.8 Q(Substring e)144 +580.8 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 604.8 +R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, i\ +n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 616.8 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def) +-.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.806 E F0 +.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 628.8 Q(${)108 645.6 +Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 657.6 Q F1(!)A F2 +(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084(Names matching pr)144 669.6 R +(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084 +(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 +(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 681.6 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 +.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.757 E F0 .257 +(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F +(within double quotes, each v)144 693.6 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(22)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(zero.)144 84 Q(If) -144 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514 -(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514 -(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)-3.014 F F1(length) -3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082(the array be)144 120 R 1.082 -(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 -E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 -(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F -1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo).15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079 -(than the maximum inde)144 132 R 3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079 -(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F 6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579 -(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G 1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length) -3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.) -144 144 Q(Substring e)144 168 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931 -(Substring inde)144 192 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positiona\ -l parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 204 Q .306 -(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset) --.18 E F0 .307(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.807 E F0 .307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E -(to the list.)144 216 Q(${)108 232.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 -(*)A F0(})A(${)108 244.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 -.085(Names matching pr)144 256.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) --2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 268.8 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F -.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 280.8 Q -(ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -297.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 309.6 Q F2(!)A F1 -(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 321.6 R(eys) --.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) -4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]}) +A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.035 +(List of array k)144 108 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F2(name) +4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.595(assigned in)144 333.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1 -(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 345.6 Q F0 +.596(assigned in)144 120 R F2(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F2 +(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F2(@)144 132 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -362.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 374.4 S .471 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 -(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par) -4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 386.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or) -3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +148.8 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 160.8 S .47 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) +-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 +(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +172.8 Q F0(is)4.439 E F1(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F1(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 -(array name subscripted by)144 398.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) +6.208 E F2(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 +(array name subscripted by)144 184.8 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F1(par)145.25 410.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 -(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 422.4 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 434.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 451.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 463.2 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 475.2 +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F2(par)145.25 196.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 208.8 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +144 220.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 237.6 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 249.6 Q F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 261.6 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F -(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 +(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.152(name e)144 487.2 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 -(the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151 -(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 499.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) --.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2 -(#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `) -144 511.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) -.74 F(If)5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E -F0(or)2.781 E F2(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo) -144 523.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 -(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 535.2 R -(If)5.402 E F1(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F -.401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F2(*) -2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E -(is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 547.2 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 564 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 576 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 -E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 588 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H -.146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he)-5.146 E F1 -(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 600 -S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 -(the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) --.15 F .588(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.088 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.088(,t).73 -G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 612 R .226 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 -(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 624 S F2 -(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 -(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(%%)A F0 -1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F1(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F2(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F2(*)2.541 E F0 -2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 636 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 -(lo).25 G .441 +.543(name e)144 273.6 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +(ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) +144 285.6 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E +F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721 +(he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 +(then the result of the e)144 297.6 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 +309.6 R(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(##)A F0 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F2(par)3.933 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F1(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 321.6 Q F1(*)3.018 E +F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 +G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 648 R(If) -5.241 E F1(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F2(*)2.74 E -F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G -(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E -(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 660 -Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 676.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 688.8 -S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 -E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 700.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1(string)144 712.8 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 -E F1(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.66 E F0 -2.66(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F1(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F1(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 724.8 R -(If)5.807 E F1(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F2(#) -3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(22)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 23 23 +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 333.6 R(If) +6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F +1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*) +3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 345.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03 +(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) +-2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 357.6 Q(${)108 +374.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 +386.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo) +144 398.4 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 +E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F2(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F +.146(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 +410.4 S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 422.4 S(tter) +.1 E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I) +-.25 H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092 +(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-4.592 F 2.092 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 434.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 +(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085 +(matching pattern \(the `)144 446.4 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.565 -.74 +('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 +E F1(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F2 +(par)145.25 458.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 +E F1(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 +G 2.659(lo).25 G .16 +(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51 +(and the e)144 470.4 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) +5.51 E F2(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F1(*)3.009 E +F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 482.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G +.422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) +-2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 494.4 Q(${)108 +511.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0 +(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 523.2 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 +E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F +1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion,)144 535.2 Q F2 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 +(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern)3.7 E +F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2 +(string)144 547.2 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 +(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F1 -.1 +(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E +4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 559.2 Q F0(be) +2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 +(ll matches of)-2.569 F F2(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) +2.569 F F2(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 +(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 571.2 R +F2(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F1(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 +(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 +(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F2 +(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 583.2 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F2 +(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.261 E F0 +3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F +.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F2(string)144 595.2 Q F0 .958 +(is null, matches of)3.458 F F2(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 +(are deleted and the)3.458 F F1(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E +F2(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F +F1(nocasematch)144 607.2 Q F0 .492 +(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.) +144 619.2 R(If)5.884 E F2(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F1(@) +3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F1(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 +(he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F 1.002 +(parameter in turn, and the e)144 631.2 R 1.002 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E F2(par)4.752 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002(ariable sub-)-.25 F +.159(scripted with)144 643.2 R F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F1(*)2.659 E +F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member \ +of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 655.2 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 672 Q F2(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 684 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1 +(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 696 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2 +(pattern)A F0(})A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(23)193.45 +E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S -.62(lue of).25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F1(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.12 E F0 3.12(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621 -(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621(xpanded v)-.15 F .621 -(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 96 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E -F1(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of)3.753 F F1(pattern)3.753 -E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F2(/)3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E -(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be)3.753 F 2.731 -(omitted. If)144 108 R(the)2.731 E F2(nocasematch)2.731 E F0 .231 -(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.731 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G .232(rd to the).05 F .188(case of alphabetic characters.)144 -120 R(If)5.188 E F1(par)3.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.418 E F2(@)2.688 E -F0(or)2.688 E F2(*)2.687 E F0 2.687(,t)C .187 -(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.687 F .445 -(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 132 R .446 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.446 E F1(par)4.196 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .446(is an array v)3.676 F(ari-)-.25 E .463 -(able subscripted with)144 144 R F2(@)2.963 E F0(or)2.963 E F2(*)2.963 E -F0 2.963(,t)C .462 -(he substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in) --2.963 F(turn, and the e)144 156 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 -E(${)108 172.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${) -108 184.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 -196.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 208.8 Q -F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437 -(Case modi\214cation)144 220.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(,,)A F1 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 96 R F0 5.437(.T)C +.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 232.8 Q -F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 108 Q F0 +1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 244.8 -S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 120 S +1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +132 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F 5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 268.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +-.15(ve)144 144 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 280.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E -F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F +1.548(letters to lo)144 156 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 +(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 292.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 -E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 168 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 E +F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 304.8 Q F0 .78 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 180 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 316.8 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 328.8 R(If)5.469 E F1 +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 192 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 204 R(If)5.469 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 340.8 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 357.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 369.6 S .86 +ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 216 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 232.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 244.8 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 381.6 R F1 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 256.8 R F1 (par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F .153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -393.6 Q F2(Q)144 417.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 417.6 R 1.064 +268.8 Q F2(Q)144 292.8 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 292.8 R 1.064 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) 3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 429.6 Q F2(E)144 441.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 441.6 R +(reused as input.)180 304.8 Q F2(E)144 316.8 Q F0 .441(The e)180 316.8 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 453.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F2(P)144 465.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 465.6 R +-.15(ex)180 328.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 340.8 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 340.8 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 477.6 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 489.6 Q F0 1.138 -(The e)180 489.6 R 1.138 +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 352.8 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 364.8 Q F0 1.138 +(The e)180 364.8 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 501.6 Q +F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 376.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 513.6 Q F0 -(The e)180 513.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 388.8 Q F0 +(The e)180 388.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 530.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 405.6 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 542.4 S .347(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F -(If)5.347 E F1(par)4.097 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.577 F -.346(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F2(*) -2.846 E F0 2.846(,t)C .346(he case)-2.846 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ -ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 554.4 -R 1.204(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 566.4 Q 1.85 -(The result of the e)144 590.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described) --.15 F(belo)144 602.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 619.2 -Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 631.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 643.2 Q F2($\()144 660 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 672 Q F2<92>144 684 Q F1(command)A F2 -<92>A(Bash)108 700.8 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089 -(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.589 E F0 -.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command) +-4.08 F -.15(ex)144 417.6 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) +5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E +F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E +(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 +429.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 +(The result of the e)144 453.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F +1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 +F(belo)144 465.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 482.4 Q F1 +1.698(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 523.2 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 535.2 Q F2<92>144 547.2 Q F1(command) +A F2<92>A(Bash)108 564 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.588 E F0 +.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 712.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) --.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b) -108 724.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) --.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.691 E F1(\214le) -2.691 E F2(\))A F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(23) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 24 24 +108 576 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 +F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 588 +R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)-.1 F +.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le)2.692 +E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 600 Q -.25(va)-.25 G +(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 +(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 616.8 R(xcept)-.15 E +.314(when follo)108 628.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 +<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ +e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ +sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 640.8 R 1.387(using the $\() +3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G +3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F +(mand; none are treated specially)108 652.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 669.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F +(quotes with backslashes.)108 681.6 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 698.4 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 +E(24)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(can be replaced by the equi)108 84 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f) --.2 E(aster)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($\(<)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(\214le)2.5 E F1(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form \ -of substitution is used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 -100.8 R(xcept)-.15 E .315(when follo)108 112.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1 -($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E -F0 5.315(.T)C .314(he \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash ter\ -minates the command sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 124.8 R -1.386(using the $\()3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G -3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 136.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 153.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H -.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 165.6 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 182.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 194.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 211.2 Q F0 -1.035(Arithmetic e)108 223.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035 -(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F -1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 235.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() -144 252 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(The)108 268.8 Q -F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 -(treated specially)108 280.8 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034 +(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 +(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 +(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F +(The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 +124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A +F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 +(treated specially)108 153.6 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 -(tution, and quote remo)108 292.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 304.8 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 321.6 +-.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 +(tution, and quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)108 177.6 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 194.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 333.6 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 206.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 350.4 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 362.4 Q .405(ocess substitution) +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 223.2 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 235.2 Q .405(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 374.4 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 247.2 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 +(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 -(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 386.4 R .148 -(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 398.4 R .56 +(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 259.2 R .148 +(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 271.2 R .559 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G -(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 410.4 Q .308 +(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 283.2 Q .309 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 -5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) --5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 422.4 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 295.2 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 439.2 R -.25(va) --.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ -h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 451.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 468 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 480 R 1.143 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 492 Q +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 312 R -.25(va)-.2 +G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously with pa\ +rameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 324 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 340.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 352.8 R 1.142 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 364.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 508.8 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 381.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 520.8 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.708 E F0 -(,)A .837(the def)108 532.8 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -(<space>)3.337 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 -(<newline>)3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 544.8 R .345 +108 393.6 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0 +(,)A .836(the def)108 405.6 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +(<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 +(<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 417.6 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 556.8 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 429.6 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -568.8 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506 -E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w) --.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921 -(ter is in the v)108 580.8 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) +441.6 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 +E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) +-.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 +(ter is in the v)108 453.6 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) 3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E -3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(that is not) -3.17 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(whitespace,)3.17 E .428(along with an)108 592.8 -R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)5.428 G -.428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .429(whitespace charac-)2.679 -F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 604.8 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 -G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E -(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927(Explicit null ar)108 621.6 R 1.927 -(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G -F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 +3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 +(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 +(along with an)108 465.6 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 +E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) +5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 +(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 +477.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E +F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927 +(Explicit null ar)108 494.4 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G +F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .484(implicit null ar)108 633.6 R .484 +6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 506.4 R .485 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 -(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .785 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.985(ov).15 -G .485(alues, are remo)-3.235 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.985(d. If).15 F(a)2.985 -E 1.572(parameter with no v)108 645.6 R 1.572(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 -(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.571 -(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .723 -(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 657.6 R .724 -(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .724(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.724(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 669.6 S .176 +(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 +G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 +E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 518.4 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 +(gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 +(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 530.4 R .724 +(When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F +.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 542.4 S .175 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>2.676 F F0(becomes)2.675 E F5<ad64>2.675 -E F0 .175(after w)2.675 F .175(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 -681.6 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 -698.4 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(24)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 25 25 +/Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>2.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F5<ad64>2.676 +E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 +554.4 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 +571.2 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 +588 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 600 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 612 R .677 +(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 624 R +F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F .008 +(are found, and the shell option)108 636 R F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 +(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009 +(If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443 +(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 648 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442 +(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38 +(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 660 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F1 +(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 +(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 672 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 +(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 684 R .377 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.354(matched e)108 696 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +3.854(,u)-.65 G 1.354(nless the shell option)-3.854 F F1(dotglob)3.854 E +F0 1.354(is set.)3.854 F 1.354(The \214lenames)6.354 F F1 -.63(``)3.854 +G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F1 -.63(``)3.853 G(..).63 E -.63 +('')-.55 G F0 1.353(must al)6.983 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.353(ys be).1 F .485 +(matched e)108 708 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.985(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.235 G +2.985(ni).15 G(f)-2.985 E F1(dotglob)2.985 E F0 .485(is set.)2.985 F +.485(In other cases, the)5.485 F F1 -.63(``)2.985 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 +E F0 .486(character is not treated specially)5.485 F 5.486(.W)-.65 G +(hen)-5.486 E .115(matching a pathname, the slash character must al)108 +720 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .114(ys be matched e).1 F .114 +(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .114(ut in)-.2 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(Pa)87 84 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 96 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 108 R .677 -(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677 -(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 -(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 120 R -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G -(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo)2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562 -(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009(are found, and the shell option) -108 132 R F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008 -(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 -.008(option is)2.508 F .442(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 144 -R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1 -(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 -F 1.38(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 -156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F -F1(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 -(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 168 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 -(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 180 R .378 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 192 R(xplicitly)-.15 E -3.078(,u)-.65 G .578(nless the shell option)-3.078 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E -F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .579 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108 -204 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) --.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)4.288 -G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788(character is not treated specially) -6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 -216 R F1(shopt)2.665 E F0(belo)2.665 E 2.665(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.665 E F3 -.165(SHELL B)2.665 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .166 -(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(null-) -2.666 E(glob)108 228 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 -(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 244.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE) -2.786 E F0 .286(shell v)2.536 F .285 -(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214lenames matching a)-.25 -F F2(pattern)2.785 E F0 5.285(.I).24 G(f)-5.285 E F3(GLO-)2.785 E -(BIGNORE)108 256.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214lename that als\ -o matches one of the patterns in)4.565 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.816 E F0(is) -4.566 E(remo)108 268.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 -(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) -3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 280.8 Q F0 .146 -(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F -.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.147 E F1 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147 -(are al)5.777 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)108 -292.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .581 +(other matching conte)108 84 R .581 +(xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) +-.15 F 3.081(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.081 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.081 +G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E(Matching)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +.073(See the description of)4.573 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.573 E +F0(belo)2.573 E 2.573(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.573 E F1 .072(SHELL B)2.572 F +(UIL)-.09 E .072(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .072(for a description of the) +2.322 F F3(nocaseglob)108 108 Q F0(,)A F3(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F3 +(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F3(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13 +(shell v)2.38 F .131 +(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 +F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E +F1(GLO-)2.631 E(BIGNORE)108 136.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214\ +le name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE) +4.515 E F0(is)4.264 E(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G +1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F3 +(nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F +1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 160.8 Q F0 .147 +(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F +.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F3 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.146 E F3 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 +(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 +172.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .682(enabling the)108 304.8 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 316.8 Q -1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F -F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184 -(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F0(The)108 328.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631 -(option is disabled when)3.131 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632 -(is unset.)2.882 F .632(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 -F(the)108 340.8 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 -357.6 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 374.4 Q 3.138 -(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in a pattern, other than the spec\ -ial pattern characters described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H -(atches).65 E 3.62(itself. The)108 386.4 R 1.12 -(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12 -(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 398.4 R .576 +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 184.8 R F3(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) +-.15 F F3 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 196.8 Q +1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F +F3 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) +-.1 E F3 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F2(.)A F0(The)108 +208.8 Q F3(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F1 +(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 220.8 Q F3 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F3 -.1(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 254.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ +acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ +ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62 +(itself. The)108 266.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12 +(wing character; the)-.25 F .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 278.4 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 410.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 444 Q F0 .376(Matches an) -180 444 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377 -(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 456 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 290.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 307.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3(*)144 324 Q F0 .377(Matches an) +180 324 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F3(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 +(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 336 Q F3(*)3.275 E F0 .775 (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) --.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 +-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F3(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 (sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ - or more directories and subdirectories.)180 468 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 -F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 480 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G -(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 492 Q F0 -(Matches an)180 492 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -([...])144 504 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 504 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 -(denotes a)180 516 R F2 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) + or more directories and subdirectories.)180 348 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 +F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F3(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 360 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G +(djacent)-2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F3(?)144 372 Q F0 +(Matches an)180 372 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 +([...])144 384 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 384 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 +(denotes a)180 396 R F4 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 -(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G -.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 528 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 -G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 -(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the) -6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 540 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1 -([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1 -(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124 -(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 552 R .894 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) -180 564 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F3(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) -2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 -F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 576 R .068 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F --.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 -(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 588 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 -.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C -2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F1<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ +(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G +.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 408 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 +G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 +(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) +6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 420 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F3 +([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F3(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F3 +(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 +(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 432 R .895 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) +180 444 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +2.625 E F1(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 456 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F3([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F3([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 468 R F3(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F3(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F3(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F3<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 600 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 612 Q -.4(Wi)180 -630 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2 -.15(ch) -3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1 -(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0 -(is one of the follo)180 642 Q -(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 654 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 666 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.289(Ac)180 678 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) --.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 --.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 690 Q -.4(Wi) -180 708 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537 -(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=]) -A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 720 R -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(25)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 26 26 +180 480 R(A)5.193 E F3(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 492 Q -.4(Wi)180 +510 S(thin).4 E F3([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F3(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15 +(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F3([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F3 +(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) +180 522 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F3 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 534 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 546 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.29(Ac)180 558 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F3 -.1 +(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 570 Q -.4(Wi) +180 588 S(thin).4 E F3([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F3(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F3([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F3(=]) +A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 600 R +(the character)180 612 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 630 S(thin).4 E F3 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F3([.)2.5 +E F4(symbol)A F3(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 646.8 R F3(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F3(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 +658.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F3(|)2.755 E +F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) +108 670.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F3(?\()144 694.8 Q F4 +(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F0 +(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 706.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E +(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the character)180 -84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 102 S(thin).4 E -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C -(he syntax)-2.5 E F2([.)2.5 E F1(symbol)A F2(.])A F0 -(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F1(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the) -108 118.8 R F2(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 -130.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F1 -(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.756 E -F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 142.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 166.8 Q F1 -(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 178.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 190.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 202.8 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 214.8 Q F1 -(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 226.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 238.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 250.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) -.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(!\()144 262.8 Q F1(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)) -.833 E F0(Matches an)180 274.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(Quote Remo)87 291.6 -Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 303.6 R 1.113 -(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F2(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F2<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F2(")4.445 E F0 -1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 315.6 Q .3 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(*\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E +F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list) +.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 156 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 +(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 168 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) +-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 +184.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 +(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +(specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 196.8 R 1.23 +(Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F +(using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 +208.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 225.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 +E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 237.6 R 1.112 +(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 249.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 332.4 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 344.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 -(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F1 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 266.4 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 -(by the shell.)108 356.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +(by the shell.)108 290.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 368.4 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\ - the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02 -(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 380.4 R -.15 +-.25 F(dif)108 302.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 +(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 314.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 -392.4 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F1 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F1(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G -.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 404.4 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 +326.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G +.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 338.4 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 421.2 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) -108 433.2 R F1(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 355.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) +108 367.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 445.2 S -.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F -F1(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F1(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 457.2 Q -F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F1(varname)2.5 E F0 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 -474 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitte\ -d, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 -(ion operator is)108 486 R F2(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 379.2 +S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 +F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 391.2 Q +F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 +(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 403.2 R 1.238 +(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 +(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(himself.)108 415.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 432 R .283(wing description\ +s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\ +r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 444 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 +3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 498 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 456 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .824(The w)108 514.8 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 -(jected to brace e)108 526.8 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 538.8 R -.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 472.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 +(jected to brace e)108 484.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 496.8 R +.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 550.8 S(rd,).1 E F2 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 508.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 567.6 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 584.4 Q F2(>)2.5 -E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 601.2 -Q F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 618 -Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 634.8 R F1(dirlist)3.027 +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 525.6 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 542.4 Q F1(>)2.5 +E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 559.2 +Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 576 +Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 592.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 646.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 663.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 675.6 R .978 -(the operating system on which)3.478 F F2(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 -(is running pro)3.478 F .977 +(output before the standard output w)108 604.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 621.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 633.6 R .977 +(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 687.6 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(/de)144 704.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F1(fd)A F0(If)180 716.4 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E -(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(26) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 27 27 +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 645.6 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 662.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 674.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 -96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr) --.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q -(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 -168 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host) -2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 +96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2 +(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host) +2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 290.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 302.4 Q F2 +108 266.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 278.4 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .174 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 364.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8 -R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F --.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +108 340.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8 +R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F +-.15(ex)108 364.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 451.2 R -.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 -(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 427.2 R +.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 +(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 +468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 -.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 -528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 +.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 +504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -602.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 619.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +578.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 595.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 648 Q F1(>&)144 660 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 612 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 624 Q F1(>&)144 636 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor) +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G -.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q +-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(27)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 28 28 +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(28)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or) --.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ +-.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\ utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\ scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e) 108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E @@ -3615,31 +3707,31 @@ F0(.).77 E 192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 (Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 +a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(]) A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 -.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 (is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 +-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 (are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 (If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t) C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G @@ -3648,49 +3740,47 @@ C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\ -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q -F2(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 -(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393 -(ariable e)-.25 F .393(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147 -(tution, arithmetic e)108 470.4 R 2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F 2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148 -(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E -2.813(formed. The)108 482.4 R .313 -(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.813 F .312 -(wline appended, to the command on its standard)-.25 F -(input \(or \214le descriptor)108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n) -2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 -511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(]) -A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S +1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F +1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187 +(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374 +(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\ +, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor) +108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E +F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator) +108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q +568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q (The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(d)-.37 E F0 .443 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R -(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) -4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) -3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E +(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor) +4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor) +3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 -.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E -.965(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> -3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E +.966(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> +3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(28)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 29 29 +-3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -3698,19 +3788,19 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator) 108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2 -(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536 -(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536 -(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt) --3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2 -(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 +(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535 +(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535 +(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt) +-3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2 +(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A (Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([) 144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2 -(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 -2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 -.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2 +(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0 +2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 +.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>) A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3719,36 +3809,36 @@ A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 -E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174 +E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0 -(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F -(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 -(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A -F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 -1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) --3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12 -(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 403.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) --3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 +F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 +1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) +-3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 403.2 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 @@ -3763,59 +3853,59 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 +E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 +506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 (one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 530.4 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 530.4 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 (another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 +1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 (alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 -566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 +566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .612 +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .613 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 590.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 590.4 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.468(As)108 648 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.467(As)108 648 S .967 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 660 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 660 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 -(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 +F .639(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 708 R -F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F -.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 708 R +F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) -.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(29)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 30 30 +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 +E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup @@ -3824,5518 +3914,5716 @@ BP (All other aspects of the shell e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25 (cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 96 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(DEB)3.714 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 -E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 --.2(bu)3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 108 S -(IL).09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 96 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(DEB)3.715 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715 +E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 108 S +(IL).09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar)2.92 -E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)-.25 F -F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 132 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar) +2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) +-.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 132 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 144 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .655 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .656 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 172.8 Q -(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(The)108 189.6 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 -(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 172.8 R .05 +(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I) +-.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F2(local) +2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G +(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\ +hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 184.8 R 1.185(Local v) +6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 196.8 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154 +(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.) +-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F +.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108 +208.8 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\ + to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 220.8 R .688 +(ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688 +(When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688 +(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 232.8 Q .727 +(The shell uses)108 249.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727 +(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E +3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G +.726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 261.6 R .007 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007 +(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.) +108 273.6 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813 +(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813 +(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 285.6 Q +2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816 +(hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65 +F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va) +108 297.6 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E +(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 +314.4 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3 +(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1) +2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223 +(calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463 +(references to)108 326.4 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963 +F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot) +-2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from) +2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F +(y)-.15 E(global v)108 338.4 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A +(The)108 355.2 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483 +(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482 +(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19 +(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 367.2 R .19 +(ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19 +(alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f) +-5.19 E 2.721(av)108 379.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\ + unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \ +func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 391.2 R .013 +(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014 +(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014 +(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v) +108 403.2 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F +3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566 +(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 415.2 Q +(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 432 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 +-.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 218.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 460.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 230.4 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 472.8 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 242.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 484.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 254.4 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 496.8 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 271.2 R F2 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 513.6 R F2 <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 283.2 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 +F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 525.6 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 295.2 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F2(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 307.2 R -1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F2<ad66>3.797 E -F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F2(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 -(deleted using the)108 319.2 R F2<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the) -2.661 F F2(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 -F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 -331.2 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 343.2 Q -(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 -(Functions may be recursi)108 360 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) --5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 +.326(\214le and line number)108 537.6 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F2(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 549.6 R +1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F2<ad66>3.798 E +F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F +(deleted using the)108 561.6 Q F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2 +(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi) +108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 +E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 372 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 590.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 384 Q .3 --.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -400.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 -(The shell allo)108 412.8 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 602.4 Q .3 +-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 +619.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 +(The shell allo)108 631.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.797 E F0 -(and)4.797 E F2(declar)108 424.8 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.798 E F0 +(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 643.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183 (iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) 2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 436.8 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F +(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 655.2 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 448.8 R(vity)-.25 E +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 667.2 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 460.8 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) -5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 472.8 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 -489.6 Q F2(++)A F4(id)2.5 E F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 501.6 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 513.6 Q F4(id) -A F2<adad>2.5 E F4(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 525.6 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 537.6 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 537.6 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 549.6 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 549.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 -561.6 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 561.6 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 573.6 S -F0(multiplication, di)144 573.6 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad> -108 585.6 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 585.6 Q F2(<< >>)108 597.6 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 597.6 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 609.6 Q F0 -(comparison)144 621.6 Q F2(== !=)108 633.6 Q F0(equality and inequality) -144 633.6 Q F2(&)108 645.6 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 645.6 Q F2(^)108 657.6 Q -F0(bitwise e)144 657.6 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|) -108 669.6 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 669.6 Q F2(&&)108 681.6 Q F0(logical AND) -144 681.6 Q F2(||)108 693.6 Q F0(logical OR)144 693.6 Q F4 -.2(ex)108 -705.6 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F4 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F4 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(30)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 31 31 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F +(lo)108 679.2 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) +5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F +(of decreasing precedence.)108 691.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF 2.5(=*)108 84 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad> --2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 96 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)108 108 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G -(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 120 Q .68(Shell v)108 136.8 R .68 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1(id)2.5 E F2 +<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 96 S(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 +E F2(++)108 108 Q F1(id)A F2<adad>2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 120 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 132 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 132 Q F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 144 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 +156 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 156 S(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 168 S F0 +(multiplication, di)144 168 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108 +180 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 180 Q F2(<< >>)108 192 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 192 Q F2(<= >= < >)108 204 Q F0 +(comparison)144 216 Q F2(== !=)108 228 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 +228 Q F2(&)108 240 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 240 Q F2(^)108 252 Q F0 +(bitwise e)144 252 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)108 +264 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 264 Q F2(&&)108 276 Q F0(logical AND)144 276 Q +F2(||)108 288 Q F0(logical OR)144 288 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 300 S(pr).2 E F2 +(?)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 312 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 324 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 +(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) +-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 336 Q F1 -.2(ex)108 348 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E +F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68 (ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 148.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 160.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G -1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 172.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 184.8 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 -E F2(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 -F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 -(assigned a v)108 196.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 -(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G -.332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 -H(ts).15 E F2(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 -(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 208.8 Q(xpression.)-.15 E -1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 -225.6 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F -(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 237.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 -G .113(he form [)-2.613 F F2(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F2 -(base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 249.6 R F2(n)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F2(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 -261.6 R F2(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 -(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 -(@, and _, in that order)108 273.6 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F2(base) -3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 +(using the parameter e)108 412.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.258 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 424.8 R 1.258 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.758(nt).15 G(he) +-3.758 E F1(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.257 +(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)3.757 E 3.757<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.757 E F0(is) +3.757 E .332(assigned a v)108 436.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) +2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 +(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 +-.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) +2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q +(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 465.6 +R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) +-.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 +(he form [)-2.612 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) +2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108 +501.6 R F1(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513 +(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 +(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base) +3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 285.6 Q -.235(Operators are e)108 302.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 525.6 Q +.234(Operators are e)108 542.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 314.4 S +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 554.4 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 331.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 343.2 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[) -2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and) -2.755 E F1([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F -.77(\214le attrib)108 355.2 R .77 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 583.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) +2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) +2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F +.77(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E .426 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 367.2 R F1(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 607.2 R F2(Bash)5.426 E F0 .426 (handles se)2.926 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .426 (ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 2.926(ya)-.15 G .426 (re used in e)-2.926 F 2.926(xpressions. If)-.15 F .193 -(the operating system on which)108 379.2 R F1(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 +(the operating system on which)108 619.2 R F2(bash)2.693 E F0 .193 (is running pro)2.693 F .193 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them; otherwise it)-.15 F -.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 391.2 R .589 -(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F2(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F2(/de)108 403.2 Q -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.917(,t)C .417(hen \214le descriptor)-2.917 F F2(n) -2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F2 +.589(will emulate them internally with this beha)108 631.2 R .589 +(vior: If an)-.2 F(y)-.15 E F1(\214le)3.089 E F0(ar)3.089 E .589 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)108 643.2 Q +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 2.916(,t)C .416(hen \214le descriptor)-2.916 F F1(n) +2.917 E F0 .417(is check)2.917 F 2.917(ed. If)-.1 F(the)2.917 E F1 (\214le)2.917 E F0(ar)2.917 E .417 -(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F2(/de)2.916 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F2(/de)108 415.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F2 +(gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)2.917 E(v/stdin) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)108 655.2 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1 (/de)2.5 E(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 432 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 444 Q -1.096(When used with)108 462 R F1([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E -F1(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F1(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 -E F1(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -474 Q F1<ad61>108 498 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 498 S(ue if).35 E -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 510 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 510 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 522 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 522 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 534 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 534 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 546 Q -F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 546 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 558 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -558 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 -E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 570 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -570 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 582 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 582 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 594 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 594 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +108 672 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 684 Q +1.095(When used with)108 702 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E +F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 +E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 33 33 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad61>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 +S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad62>108 +96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F1<ad63>108 108 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 108 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F1<ad64>108 +120 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad65>108 132 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1<ad66>108 144 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 144 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re) +.15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F1<ad67>108 156 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr) +144 156 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F1<ad68>108 168 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad6b>108 180 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 180 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it is set.) --2.5 E F1<ad70>108 606 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 606 S(ue if).35 +-2.5 E F1<ad70>108 192 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 192 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).) -.15 E F1<ad72>108 618 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 618 S(ue if).35 E +.15 E F1<ad72>108 204 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 204 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.).15 E F1<ad73>108 -630 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 630 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +216 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F1<ad74> -108 642 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 642 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E -F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 654 -Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 654 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +108 228 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E +F2(fd)4.47 E F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F1<ad75>108 240 +Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 240 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F1<ad77> -108 666 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 666 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 678 Q F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 678 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +108 252 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F1<ad78>108 264 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 264 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F1<ad47>108 -690 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 690 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E +276 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E -.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 702 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 702 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 714 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 714 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(31)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 32 32 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad4f>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 84 -S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E -(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1 -<ad53>108 96 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2 -(\214le1)108 108 Q F1(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -(refer to the same de)2.5 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1) -108 132 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S -(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is ne)2.5 E -(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E -F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2(\214le1)108 156 Q -F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 168 S(ue if).35 E F2 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 -(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2 -(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 180 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 192 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E -F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +.3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1<ad4c>108 288 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 288 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F1<ad4e>108 300 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 300 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F1 +<ad4f>108 312 Q F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F1<ad53>108 324 Q F2 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 324 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2(\214le1)108 336 Q F1 +(\255ef)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 348 S(ue if).35 E F2 +(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2(\214le1)108 360 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(nt) +A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 372 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F2 +(\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2 +(\214le1)108 384 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F1(ot)A F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +396 S(ue if).35 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 +E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F2(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and).15 E F2(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>108 408 Q F2 +(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 420 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2 +(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1<ad6f> -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 204 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 216 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 228 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 432 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 444 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 456 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad52>108 -240 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 252 S(ue if the shell v).35 E +468 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 480 S(ue if the shell v).35 E (ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) -2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 264 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 276 S +2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 492 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 504 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 288 Q F1<ad6e>108 300 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 312 S +108 516 Q F1<ad6e>108 528 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 540 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 328.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 340.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 352.8 S .862 +(string1)108 556.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 568.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 580.8 S .861 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 -364.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 376.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 393.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 405.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 422.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 434.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 +592.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 621.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 633.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 650.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 662.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 451.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 463.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 -(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -480 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 492 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 -(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A -F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 -(.T)C .385(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F2 -(ar)2.884 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, les\ -s than or equal to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 504 R -F2(ar)144 516 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly) -.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 -E F0(may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15 -(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 532.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 -.614(When a simple command is e)108 544.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 679.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 691.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 34 34 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)108.33 84 Q(g1)-.37 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)2.5 +E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 96 Q F0 .385 +(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 +2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 +(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.885 E +(g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ +qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 108 R F1(ar)144 +120 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 3.589(,r)C(especti)-3.589 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)7.099 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.589 E F1(ar)3.919 E(g2)-.37 E +F0 1.089(may be positi)3.609 F 1.389 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 3.589(rn).15 G +-2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.589 H(ti).15 E 1.389 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E 3.59 +(gers. When)-.15 F 1.09(used with the)3.59 F F2([[)3.59 E F0(command,) +144 132 Q F1(Ar)4.22 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(Ar)4.22 E(g2)-.37 E F0 +.71(are e)3.23 F -.25(va)-.25 G .71(luated as arithmetic e).25 F 3.209 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 .709(ARITHMETIC EV)3.209 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-) +-.54 E(TION)144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 160.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 +(When a simple command is e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 556.8 Q(1.)108 573.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 573.6 R 1.848 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 +108 184.8 Q(1.)108 201.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 201.6 R 1.849 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 585.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 602.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 602.4 R -1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 -614.4 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(name\) and redirections are sa)144 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 230.4 Q 1.163(The w)144 230.4 R +1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 +242.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 626.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 643.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 643.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(are the ar)144 254.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 271.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 271.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 660 Q .717(The te)144 660 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 +108 288 Q .716(The te)144 288 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 672 R .339 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 300 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 684 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 700.8 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 312 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 328.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 712.8 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 340.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 724.8 -R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(32)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 33 33 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the command e)108 -84 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 100.8 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 112.8 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 352.8 +R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 364.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 381.6 R +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 393.6 Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 -(If there is a command name left after e)108 129.6 R 1.064(xpansion, e) +(If there is a command name left after e)108 410.4 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 -141.6 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 153.6 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 -(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 165.6 -Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 182.4 Q F0 .546 -(After a command has been split into w)108 194.4 R .547 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 +422.4 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 434.4 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +(If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 446.4 +Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 463.2 Q F0 +.547(After a command has been split into w)108 475.2 R .546 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 -F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 206.4 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E +F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 487.2 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ -mpts to locate it.)108 223.2 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 +mpts to locate it.)108 504 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 (xists a shell function by)-.15 F .246(that name, that function is in) -108 235.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G -.246(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)2.746 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .246 -(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F -(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 247.2 Q 2.5 +108 516 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.746(da).1 G 2.746(sd)-2.746 G .246 +(escribed abo)-2.746 F .546 -.15(ve i)-.15 H(n).15 E F3(FUNCTIONS)2.746 +E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F +(tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 528 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 264 R .309 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.809 -E F0 .309(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 276 Q F2 -.666(PA) -3.162 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F4(Bash)5.662 E F0 -.663(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915 -(the full pathnames of e)108 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915 -(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915 -(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E -4.414(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.414 E .719(search of the directories in)108 -300 R F2 -.666(PA)3.219 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .72 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.969 -F .72(If the)5.72 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 312 R F4(command_not_f)3.455 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 324 Q F0 5.277(.I)C 2.777(ft)-5.277 G .277 -(hat function e)-2.777 F .277(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 2.777(dw).1 G .278 -(ith the original command and the original command')-2.777 F 2.778(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.778 G(uments).18 E .776(as its ar)108 336 R .776 -(guments, and the function')-.18 F 3.275(se)-.55 G .775 -(xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F -.775(If that function is not)5.775 F -(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 348 Q -(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if the\ - command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e)108 364.8 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e)108 -376.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F -.198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 -(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 388.8 Q +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 544.8 R .31 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 +(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 556.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 +(search of the directories in)108 580.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .719 +(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F +.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ + a de\214ned shell function named)108 592.8 R F2(command_not_f)3.456 E +(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 604.8 Q F0 6.006(.I)C 3.506(ft)-6.006 G 1.006 +(hat function e)-3.506 F 1.006(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.506(di).1 G 3.506(nas)-3.506 G 1.005(eparate e)-3.506 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.005(cution en).15 F 1.005 +(vironment with the original command)-.4 F .255 +(and the original command')108 616.8 R 2.755(sa)-.55 G -.18(rg)-2.755 G +.255(uments as its ar).18 F .256(guments, and the function')-.18 F 2.756 +(se)-.55 G .256(xit status becomes the e)-2.906 F .256(xit sta-)-.15 F +.263(tus of that subshell.)108 628.8 R .263(If that function is not de\ +\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)5.263 F .263 +(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of 127.)108 640.8 Q 1.089(If the search is success\ +ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) +108 657.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198 +(named program in a separate e)108 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .198 +(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4 F .198 +(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .197 +(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 681.6 Q (guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 405.6 R +(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809(cution f).15 F 1.809 (ails because the \214le is not in e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.809 (cutable format, and the \214le is not a directory).15 F 4.309(,i)-.65 G -4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 417.6 R/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF .678(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 +4.309(ti)-4.309 G(s)-4.309 E .678(assumed to be a)108 710.4 R F1 .678 +(shell script)3.178 F F0 3.178(,a\214)C .678 (le containing shell commands.)-3.178 F 3.178(As)5.678 G .678 (ubshell is spa)-3.178 F .677(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .677 (cute it.).15 F(This)5.677 E .329 -(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 429.6 R .329 +(subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 722.4 R .329 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F 1.219(the e)108 441.6 R 1.219 +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(34)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 35 35 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.219(the e)108 84 +R 1.219 (xception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent \(see) --.15 F F4(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.719 E F2 -(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 453.6 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F3(\))A -F0(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) -108 470.4 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F4(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ +-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)3.719 E F0(belo)3.719 E 3.719(wu)-.25 +G(nder)-3.719 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)3.719 E -.09(BU)108 96 S(IL) +.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\))A F0 +(are retained by the child.)2.25 E .347(If the program is a \214le be) +108 112.8 R .347(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#!)2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .348(h\ e remainder of the \214rst line speci\214es an interpreter for the pro-) --2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 482.4 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +-2.847 F 3.178(gram. The)108 124.8 R .678(shell e)3.178 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .678(cutes the speci\214ed interpreter on operating systems that do not\ handle this e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable).15 E 1.192(format themselv) -108 494.4 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 +108 136.8 R 3.692(es. The)-.15 F(ar)3.693 E 1.193 (guments to the interpreter consist of a single optional ar)-.18 F 1.193 (gument follo)-.18 F 1.193(wing the)-.25 F 1.131 -(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 506.4 R +(interpreter name on the \214rst line of the program, follo)108 148.8 R 1.13(wed by the name of the program, follo)-.25 F 1.13(wed by the)-.25 F -(command ar)108 518.4 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G F1 -(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 535.2 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0(The shell has an) -108 547.2 Q F5 -.2(ex)2.5 G(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 -2.5(,w)C(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 564 Q -1.405(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 564 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4 -(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 576 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 592.8 Q -(the current w)144 592.8 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F4(cd)2.5 E -F0(,)A F4(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F4(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 +(command ar)108 160.8 Q(guments, if an)-.18 E -.65(y.)-.15 G/F4 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)72 177.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 +(The shell has an)108 189.6 Q/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G +(ecution en).2 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 2.5(,w)C +(hich consists of the follo)-2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E<83>108 206.4 Q 1.405 +(open \214les inherited by the shell at in)144 206.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +1.406(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F1 +(exec)3.906 E F0 -.2(bu)144 218.4 S(iltin).2 E<83>108 235.2 Q +(the current w)144 235.2 Q(orking directory as set by)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E +F0(,)A F1(pushd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(r)-2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5 (ri)-2.5 G(nherited by the shell at in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation).2 E -<83>108 609.6 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 609.6 Q F4 +<83>108 252 Q(the \214le creation mode mask as set by)144 252 Q F1 (umask)2.5 E F0(or inherited from the shell')2.5 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G(arent) --2.5 E<83>108 626.4 Q(current traps set by)144 626.4 Q F4(trap)2.5 E F0 -<83>108 643.2 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 643.2 R .256 -(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F4(set)2.756 E F0 .256 +-2.5 E<83>108 268.8 Q(current traps set by)144 268.8 Q F1(trap)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 285.6 Q .257(shell parameters that are set by v)144 285.6 R .256 +(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .256 (or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E -(in the en)144 655.2 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 672 Q -(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 672 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(in the en)144 297.6 Q(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 314.4 Q +(shell functions de\214ned during e)144 314.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 688.8 Q -(options enabled at in)144 688.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) -.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F4(set) -2.5 E F0<83>108 705.6 Q(options enabled by)144 705.6 Q F4(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(33)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 34 34 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q -(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(alias)2.5 E -F0<83>108 100.8 Q -.25(va)144 100.8 S +(arent in the en)-2.5 E(vironment)-.4 E<83>108 331.2 Q +(options enabled at in)144 331.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G(cation \(either by def) +.2 E(ault or with command-line ar)-.1 E(guments\) or by)-.18 E F1(set) +2.5 E F0<83>108 348 Q(options enabled by)144 348 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0<83> +108 364.8 Q(shell aliases de\214ned with)144 364.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 +<83>108 381.6 Q -.25(va)144 381.6 S (rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E (alue of)-.25 E F1($$)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd the v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E -/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426 -(When a simple command other than a b)108 117.6 R .427 -(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 +F2(PPID)2.5 E F0 .426(When a simple command other than a b)108 398.4 R +.427(uiltin or shell function is to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .427 (cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas) --2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 129.6 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 +-2.927 G(eparate)-2.927 E -.15(exe)108 410.4 S .134(cution en).15 F .134 (vironment that consists of the follo)-.4 F 2.634(wing. Unless)-.25 F .133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 141.6 Q<83>108 158.4 Q 1.055(the shell')144 158.4 R +(the shell.)108 422.4 Q<83>108 439.2 Q 1.055(the shell')144 439.2 R 3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 170.4 Q<83>108 187.2 Q(the current w)144 187.2 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 204 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -204 Q<83>108 220.8 Q .857(shell v)144 220.8 R .857 +-3.556 F(mand)144 451.2 Q<83>108 468 Q(the current w)144 468 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 484.8 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 +484.8 Q<83>108 501.6 Q .857(shell v)144 501.6 R .857 (ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857 (xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 232.8 Q(vironment) --.4 E<83>108 249.6 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) -144 249.6 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 513.6 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 530.4 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 530.4 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 -261.6 Q 2.5(Ac)108 278.4 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 +542.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 559.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 (di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 295.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 307.2 S .244(ubshell en) --2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 576 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 588 S .244(ubshell en)-2.744 +F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 (vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 319.2 R .358 +.359(reset to the v)108 600 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 331.2 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 612 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 (vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 343.2 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -360 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 624 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 +640.8 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent)3.876 F 2.5(shell. When) -108 372 R(not in)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 -E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0 -(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 388.8 R -.404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405(and job control is not acti) -2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405(he def)-2.905 F .405 -(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198(is the empty \214le)108 -400.8 R F3(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O)C .198 -(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G .197 -(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 F -(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 412.8 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 429.6 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 441.6 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) --4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F3(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F3(name)108 453.6 Q -F0<ad>A F3(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F3 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 470.4 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 482.4 Q .144(viron\ +108 652.8 R(not in)2.5 E F5(posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404 +(If a command is follo)108 669.6 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 +.405(and job control is not acti)2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G +.405(he def)-2.905 F .405(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198 +(is the empty \214le)108 681.6 R F5(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198 +(.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc) +.1 G .197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 36 36 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 84 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353 +(When a program is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G +4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na) +.25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.353(.T).68 G +2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 108 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0 +(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E +1.486(The shell pro)108 124.8 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985 +(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 136.8 Q .144(viron\ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F3 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 494.4 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F -2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 506.4 R + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F +2.704(cesses. Ex)108 148.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F +2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)2.703 E F0(and) +2.703 E F3(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203 +(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 160.8 R 3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 518.4 Q .64 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 172.8 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 530.4 +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 184.8 R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 542.4 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 +.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 196.8 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 (airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 -554.4 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 -571.2 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F3 .562(simple command) +-2.801 E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 +(dditions via the)-2.8 F F3(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F3(declar)108 +208.8 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 +225.6 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .562(simple command) 3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 583.2 R .502 -.15(ve i) --.15 H(n).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F .202(fect only the) --.25 F(en)108 595.2 Q(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the) -108 612 R F1<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set) -3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F -F3(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en) -108 624 Q +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 237.6 R .502 -.15(ve i) +-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 +9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 249.6 Q +(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 266.4 R F3<ad6b> +3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 +.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 278.4 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 640.8 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +-.4 E(When)108 295.2 Q F3(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 (ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v) --3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +-3.736 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 652.8 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F4 -(EXIT ST)72 669.6 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 681.6 R -.15(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v) -.15 F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F3(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(passed to that command in its en)108 307.2 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1 +(EXIT ST)72 324 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 336 R .15 +(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15 +F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 (system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 -(tion. Exit)108 693.6 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 +(tion. Exit)108 348 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 (all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F 1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 705.6 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 360 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G .506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F (Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -717.6 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(34)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 35 35 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S -3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 +372 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo) +108 388.8 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G .873 (urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F .873 (xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of) --.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 96 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 +-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 400.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049 (on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 (ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 108 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(N) -2.5 E F0(,)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E -(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 124.8 R +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 412.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) +2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 136.8 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 153.6 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 441.6 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 458.4 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 170.4 R .08 -(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 475.2 R .08 +(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 182.4 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 +-2.581 F(the)108 487.2 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968 (cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 194.4 Q(guments.)-.18 -E F2(Bash)108 211.2 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 499.2 Q(guments.)-.18 +E F3(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 (xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 223.2 -Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F2 -(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 240 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 252 Q F2 -(bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G -3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 -(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682 -(\(so that)2.933 F F2 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 -F(interacti)108 264 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4 -(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F2 -(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458 -(In all cases,)5.458 F F2(bash)108 276 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E -(UIT)-.09 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E -(fect,)-.25 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4 -(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 -(Non-b)108 292.8 Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F2(bash)3.565 E F0 -(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 -F 1.064(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When) -108 304.8 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 528 Q +(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 +(SIGN)72 544.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 556.8 Q F3(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 +(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G +.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F3 .682(kill 0) +3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 568.8 Q .757 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F +F3(bash)108 580.8 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 +(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 +E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 597.6 Q 1.065 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 +609.6 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 (fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) 2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 316.8 R .653 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 621.6 R .653 (Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 328.8 Q F4 +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 633.6 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 345.6 R 2.045 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 650.4 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 357.6 Q F0 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 662.4 Q F0 1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 (Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F4(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 (to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 369.6 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F4(SIGHUP)108 674.4 Q F5(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) 5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 381.6 R F2(diso) +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 686.4 R F3(diso) 3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 (SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E 1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 -(SIGHUP)108 393.6 Q F0(using)2.25 E F2(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 410.4 R F2(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 -(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F2(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F2(bash) +(SIGHUP)108 698.4 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 715.2 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -422.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 439.2 Q F2(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F -.546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 451.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 -(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F2(bash)3.163 E +727.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(36) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 37 37 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(If)108 84 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546 +(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046 +(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)-3.046 F +.662(will not be e)108 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 463.2 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ -eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2 +(via the)108 108 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the recep\ +tion of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 475.2 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 120 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 492 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25 -(Jo)108 504 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067 -(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067 -(ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 516 Q F1 --.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 +136.8 Q(OL)-.329 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 148.8 S 4.567(bc) +.25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.067(refers to the ability to selecti) +5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067(ly stop \().15 F F3(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t) +C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.068 +(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 160.8 Q F3 -.37(re)C +(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 (acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 528 Q(ernel')-.1 E -2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 544.8 R F1(job) +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 172.8 Q(ernel')-.1 +E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E +F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 189.6 R F3(job) 5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 (eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 556.8 R F2 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F2(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F1(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 568.8 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 585.6 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 201.6 R F1 +(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F1(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F3(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 213.6 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 230.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 602.4 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 614.4 R .732 +ociated)108 247.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 259.2 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 626.4 Q F1(job) +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 271.2 Q F3(job) 4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 643.2 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 655.2 R F1(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +(To f)108 288 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 +F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.871(notion of a)108 300 R F3(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -667.2 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 679.2 Q -F5(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F1(for) -3.846 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.926 E -(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 -F .145(group ID dif)108 691.2 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +312 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.523 E +(INT)108 324 Q/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.347 +(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F3(for)3.846 E -.4(eg) +-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) +-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145 +(group ID dif)108 336 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 (s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 (board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 703.2 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F -2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 -10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 715.2 R .551 +(ground processes are allo)108 348 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 +(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10 +/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 360 R .551 (processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 (stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -2.098(terminal are sent a)108 727.2 R F4 2.098(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)4.598 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 2.098(signal by the k)4.348 F(ernel')-.1 E 4.598(st) --.55 G 2.098(erminal dri)-4.598 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.898 -.4(r, w).15 H -2.098(hich, unless caught,).4 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26) -142.895 E(35)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 36 36 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(suspends the process.)108 84 Q 1.087(If the operating system on which) -108 100.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +.718(terminal are sent a)108 372 R F4 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) +-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G +.717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 384 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 400.8 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 (is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 112.8 S -.302(ping the).8 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302 -(character \(typically)3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 412.8 S +.302(ping the).8 F F3(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) +3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 124.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 -7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 424.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 +7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C (ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -136.8 R(to)108 148.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +436.8 R(to)108 448.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 160.8 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 +(background, the)108 460.8 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 (command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 172.8 Q .948(fect immediately) +3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 472.8 Q .948(fect immediately) -.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 184.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 201.6 R .777 +108 484.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 501.6 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 213.6 -Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F2(n)3.817 E F0 .957 +(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 513.6 +Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) -108 225.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 237.6 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 +108 525.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 537.6 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 (re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 (reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 -(hand, refers to an)108 249.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 +(hand, refers to an)108 549.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 -(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 261.6 Q F1 +(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 561.6 Q F1 (bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018 (he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F -F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 273.6 R .495 +F3(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) +-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 573.6 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 -(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 285.6 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 +(The)5.494 E F3(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 585.6 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 (%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 (can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E -.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 297.6 R F1 +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 597.6 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) -.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) -108 309.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +108 609.6 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 (single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 321.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 -(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 338.4 R +(rent job)108 621.6 Q(.)-.4 E .444 +(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 638.4 R (ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) -.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C (ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -350.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +650.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 (%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F -(equi)108 362.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 379.2 +(equi)108 662.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 679.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F (Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 (its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 391.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 691.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G .157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 (ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 -(option to)2.658 F(the)108 403.2 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(option to)2.658 F(the)108 703.2 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 (iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 -(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 -.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -415.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 432 R(xit)-.15 E F1 -(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 -(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 -(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 444 R F1 -(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 715.2 Q(xits.) +-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 38 38 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .032 +(If an attempt to e)108 84 R(xit)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.532 +E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G +2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 96 R F1(shopt) +4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F +2.019(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 (option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -456 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +108 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 (command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) -5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 468 R .604 +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 120 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 480 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 496.8 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 -508.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 -E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F -F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .315 -(and the secondary prompt)108 520.8 R F3(PS2)2.815 E F0 .315 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.565 F F1(Bash)5.314 E -F0(displays)2.814 E F1(PS0)2.814 E F0(after)2.814 E .049 -(it reads a command b)108 532.8 R .049(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.049(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.049 E F0(allo)2.549 E .05 -(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting)-.25 F 2.5(an)108 -544.8 S(umber of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ -as follo)-2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 556.8 Q F0 -(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 556.8 Q F1(\\d)144 568.8 Q F0 -(the date in "W)180 568.8 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E -(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 580.8 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 -592.8 Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime) -3.927 E F0 1.427 +(and an)108 132 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644 +(When the shell is w)108 148.8 R .644 +(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 +(will)3.145 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 160.8 R F1 +<ad66>2.928 E F0 .428(option will force)2.928 F F1(wait)2.928 E F0 .428 +(to w)2.928 F .428(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F +(before returning.)108 172.8 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 189.6 Q +(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644 +(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E +F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1) +3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428 +(and the secondary prompt)108 213.6 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E +F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037 +(it reads a command b)108 225.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E +F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038 +(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108 237.6 R F1<ad78> +3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo) +3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a) +-.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \ +as follo)108 249.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 261.6 Q F0 +(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 261.6 Q F1(\\d)144 273.6 Q F0 +(the date in "W)180 273.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E +(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 285.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) +A F1(})A F0(the)180 297.6 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to) +3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 -604.8 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0 +309.6 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E -(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 616.8 Q F0 -(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 616.8 Q F1(\\h)144 628.8 Q F0 -(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 628.8 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 640.8 -Q F0(the hostname)180 640.8 Q F1(\\j)144 652.8 Q F0 -(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 652.8 Q F1(\\l) -144 664.8 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 664.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 676.8 Q F0(ne)180 676.8 Q -(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 688.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 688.8 Q F1(\\s) -144 700.8 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 700.8 Q F1($0) +(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 321.6 Q F0 +(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 321.6 Q F1(\\h)144 333.6 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 333.6 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 345.6 +Q F0(the hostname)180 345.6 Q F1(\\j)144 357.6 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 357.6 Q F1(\\l) +144 369.6 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 369.6 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 381.6 Q F0(ne)180 381.6 Q +(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 393.6 Q F0(carriage return)180 393.6 Q F1(\\s) +144 405.6 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 405.6 Q F1($0) 2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 -(\\t)144 712.8 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(36)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 37 37 +(\\t)144 417.6 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 +417.6 Q F1(\\T)144 429.6 Q F0 +(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 429.6 Q F1(\\@)144 +441.6 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 441.6 Q F1(\\A) +144 453.6 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 453.6 Q F1 +(\\u)144 465.6 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 465.6 Q F1(\\v) +144 477.6 Q F0(the v)180 477.6 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 489.6 Q F0(the release of)180 489.6 Q +F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 501.6 Q F0 .116 +(the current w)180 501.6 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G +(ith)-2.616 E F3($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115 +(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR) +180 513.6 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E +F1(\\W)144 525.6 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 525.6 Q +(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0 +(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 537.6 Q F0 +(the history number of this command)180 537.6 Q F1(\\#)144 549.6 Q F0 +(the command number of this command)180 549.6 Q F1(\\$)144 561.6 Q F0 +(if the ef)180 561.6 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E +F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 573.6 Q F4 +(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 573.6 Q F4 +(nnn)2.5 E F1(\\\\)144 585.6 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 585.6 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1 +(\\[)144 597.6 Q F0(be)180 597.6 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\ + characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F +(control sequence into the prompt)180 609.6 Q F1(\\])144 621.6 Q F0 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 621.6 Q .12 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 638.4 R +.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ +on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ +story \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +(belo)108 662.4 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ + the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 +(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 674.4 R +.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 +(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F +.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 686.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F(description of the)108 698.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) +-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\T)144 84 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 84 Q -F1(\\@)144 96 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 96 Q F1 -(\\A)144 108 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 108 Q F1 -(\\u)144 120 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 120 Q F1(\\v)144 -132 Q F0(the v)180 132 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 144 Q F0(the release of)180 144 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 156 Q F0 .115(the current w) -180 156 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116 -(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR) -180 168 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E -F1(\\W)144 180 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 180 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0 -(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 192 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)180 192 Q F1(\\#)144 204 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 204 Q F1(\\$)144 216 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 216 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 228 Q/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 228 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E -F1(\\\\)144 240 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 240 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 252 Q -F0(be)180 252 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \ -could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F -(control sequence into the prompt)180 264 Q F1(\\])144 276 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 276 Q .119 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 292.8 R -.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ -tory \214le \(see)108 304.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 -(belo)108 316.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ - the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 -(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 328.8 R -.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 -(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 340.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F --.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 352.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E -F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 369.6 Q F0 .151 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 84 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 381.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 393.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F1<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209 -(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 405.6 Q .851 +108 96 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209 +(is gi)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209 +(hell in)-3.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F2<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208 +(option to the)3.708 F F2 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 120 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 417.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 132 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) --3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 -.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 429.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) --3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E -(emacs)108 441.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 458.4 Q +-3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 +.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E +(\(see)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E +.762(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot) +-.8 G .763(urn of)-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.263 E +(emacs)108 156 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 172.8 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 470.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) -2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 482.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) --.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 494.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 -(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 506.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 518.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H -(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 535.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 -(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 547.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +108 184.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 +(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 196.8 R +(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 +(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) +108 208.8 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) +3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F +F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 +-.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 +(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 220.8 R F4 .599 +(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 +(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599 +(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G +.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F +(the Control k)108 232.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4 +(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62 +(Readline commands may be gi)108 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G +(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619 +(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108 +261.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 559.2 R 1.018 -(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 571.2 Q +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 273.6 R 1.018 +(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F2(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 285.6 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 588 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 302.4 R F4 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 600 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F -.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 314.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 612 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 -(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 326.4 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F +.567(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 624 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 640.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 652.8 -R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 664.8 R .196(en from the v) --.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G +108 338.4 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 355.2 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ +ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 +367.2 R F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 379.2 R .196(en from the v) +-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F3(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 -(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.696 +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 676.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 688.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) -6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 -(lines are ignored.)108 700.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 -(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 712.8 R +nd the k)108 391.2 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 403.2 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) +6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 415.2 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +(ginning with a)-.15 F F2(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F2($)3.237 E F0 .736 +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 427.2 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 729.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F --.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr) -3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(37)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 38 38 +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 444 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15 +(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)3.497 E +(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 456 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 489.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 501.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +513.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 525.6 +Q F4(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G +(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4 +(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) +108 542.4 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F +F4 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F4 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F4(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F4(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0 +(,).73 E F4(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(RETURN)108 554.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F4 +(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F4(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G +(nd)-2.5 E F4 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 571.2 R .209(ws k)-.25 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 583.2 Q F4(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A F2 +(Readline K)87 600 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 +(The syntax for controlling k)108 612 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 +(indings in the).15 F F4(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 624 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 +F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F +.264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 636 R +3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H +.853(ame, possibly with).15 F F4(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F4 +(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 648 Q .16(When using the form)108 664.8 R +F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F4(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 +E F4(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F4 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161 +(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-) +.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 676.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) +144 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E +(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 712.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(39)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(add their o)108 84 -Q(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 100.8 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 129.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 153.6 -Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G -(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument) --.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo)108 170.4 R 1.261 -(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G -(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 -E F1(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F1(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.761 E -F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 182.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1 -(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G -(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 -199.2 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G -2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k) --2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 211.2 Q F1(macr) -2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 228 Q -(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 240 R .666 --.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 -(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te) -108 252 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 -(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-) -5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 264 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 -(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 -(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr) -3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 276 Q .161(When using the form)108 292.8 R F2 --.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 -E F1(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16 -(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-) -.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 304.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) -144 328.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 340.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 352.8 Q .698(In the abo)108 369.6 R .998 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 381.6 Q F2 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 -(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 -393.6 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 410.4 R F2("k)2.555 -E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr) -2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056 -(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15 -(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 -(denoting an entire k)108 422.4 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .699(In the abo) +108 84 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E +F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion) +108 96 Q F2(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd) +-2.758 E F1(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F +.259(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te) +108 108 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 +(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 124.8 R F2("k)2.556 +E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 E F1(macr) +2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.555 E .055 +(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 E .355 -.15 +(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 +(denoting an entire k)108 136.8 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\ ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F -(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 434.4 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H -.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 -(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F -(are not recognized.)108 446.4 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 470.4 Q -.15(ve) +(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 148.8 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H +.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 +(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +(are not recognized.)108 160.8 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 184.8 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 482.4 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 -(In this e)108 511.2 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) -3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 196.8 Q +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 +(In this e)108 225.6 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) +3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 523.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G +.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 237.6 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G <ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3 (Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A -(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 540 Q F2 -<5c43ad>144 552 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 552 Q F2<5c4dad>144 564 Q F0 -(meta pre\214x)180 564 Q F2(\\e)144 576 Q F0(an escape character)180 576 -Q F2(\\\\)144 588 Q F0(backslash)180 588 Q F2(\\")144 600 Q F0 -(literal ")180 600 Q F2<5c08>144 612 Q F0(literal \010)180 612 Q(In add\ -ition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslas\ -h escapes is a)108 628.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 640.8 -Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 640.8 Q F2(\\b)144 652.8 Q F0(backspace)180 -652.8 Q F2(\\d)144 664.8 Q F0(delete)180 664.8 Q F2(\\f)144 676.8 Q F0 -(form feed)180 676.8 Q F2(\\n)144 688.8 Q F0(ne)180 688.8 Q(wline)-.25 E -F2(\\r)144 700.8 Q F0(carriage return)180 700.8 Q F2(\\t)144 712.8 Q F0 -(horizontal tab)180 712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 -E(38)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 39 39 +(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 254.4 Q F2 +<5c43ad>144 266.4 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 266.4 Q F2<5c4dad>144 278.4 +Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 278.4 Q F2(\\e)144 290.4 Q F0 +(an escape character)180 290.4 Q F2(\\\\)144 302.4 Q F0(backslash)180 +302.4 Q F2(\\")144 314.4 Q F0(literal ")180 314.4 Q F2<5c08>144 326.4 Q +F0(literal \010)180 326.4 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\ +equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 343.2 Q -.25(va)-.2 +G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 355.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 355.2 Q F2(\\b) +144 367.2 Q F0(backspace)180 367.2 Q F2(\\d)144 379.2 Q F0(delete)180 +379.2 Q F2(\\f)144 391.2 Q F0(form feed)180 391.2 Q F2(\\n)144 403.2 Q +F0(ne)180 403.2 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 415.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 +415.2 Q F2(\\t)144 427.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 427.2 Q F2(\\v)144 +439.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 439.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 451.2 Q F1 +(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 451.2 Q +(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0 +(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 463.2 Q F1(HH)A F0 +(the eight-bit character whose v)180 463.2 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E +(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108 +480 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to indi\ +cate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 492 R .089 +(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 +F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G(are e)108 504 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E +2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 520.8 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.929 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 532.8 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F2(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 544.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 +(Readline V)87 561.6 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 573.6 +R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F +(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 +(riable may be set in the).25 F F1(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 585.6 Q(c)-.37 E +F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F2(set)144 602.4 Q F1 +(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 +619.2 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F +(alues)-.25 E F2(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F2(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 +(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) +5.79 E .449(nized v)108 631.2 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 +(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) +-.25 F(ti)108 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F2(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 +(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 +(lent to).25 F F2(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468 +(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 655.2 S(lues are:) +.25 E F2(bell\255style \(audible\))108 672 Q F0 .011 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 684 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F2(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 696 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F2(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 708 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(40)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\v)144 84 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 84 S(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 96 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q -(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 108 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 108 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 -124.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ -dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 136.8 R .09 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) -5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F --.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 148.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F -(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 165.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E -.429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 --.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 177.6 R .346 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 -(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 -(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 189.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E -(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 206.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 218.4 -R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F -(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 230.4 Q(c)-.37 E -F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 247.2 Q F2 -(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 -264 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues) --.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v) -108 276 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F -.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 -(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) -2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -300 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 316.8 Q F0 .01 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 328.8 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 340.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 352.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 364.8 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 376.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 388.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 400.8 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 412.8 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +SF(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 84 Q F0 .056(If set to)144 +96 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempts to bind the cont\ +rol characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F(ernel')-.1 E 2.555 +(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G +2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1 +(blink\255matching\255par)108 120 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .21(If set to) +144 132 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 424.8 Q F1(color)108 436.8 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 144 Q F1(color)108 156 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 448.8 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ -eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.936(completions using a dif)144 460.8 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 472.8 Q -F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 484.8 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 496.8 R F1(On)4.079 E -F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) --4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 -(type. The)144 508.8 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) --.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 520.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 532.8 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 544.8 Q F1 +144 168 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\ +dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935 +(completions using a dif)144 180 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T) +-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 192 Q F0 +(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 204 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 +4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F +1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 +228 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the) +-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 240 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 252 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 264 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 -(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108 -556.8 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ -matches when performing completion.)144 568.8 R .194(The v)144 580.8 R +(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\)) +108 276 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\ +e matches when performing completion.)144 288 R .193(The v)144 300 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ -screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 592.8 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 604.8 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 616.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ -insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 628.8 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 -640.8 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) -2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 -F(\()144 652.8 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 -H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 664.8 Q -(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ -ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ -splayed)144 676.8 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 688.8 R 1.274 -(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 700.8 S(lue are rep\ -laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(39)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 40 40 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 84 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 96 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 108 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 120 R +screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 312 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 324 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C +(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\ +siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 360 R +F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E +(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093 +(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093 +(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 372 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G +(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E +.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1 +(completion\255pr)108 384 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 +.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\ +ble completions that is displayed)144 396 R 1.275 +(without modi\214cation.)144 408 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274 +(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274 +(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 420 S(lue are replaced with an \ +ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 432 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 444 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 456 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 +F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) +-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 468 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 132 S .237 +the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 480 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 144 Q F1(con)108 156 -Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 168 R F1(On) -3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 492 Q F1(con)108 504 +Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 516 R F1(On) +3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 180 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 192 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E -(ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E -F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 -E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 216 R -F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F +(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 +(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 552 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 564 R F1 +(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 228 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 240 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 -(When set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 -(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +144 576 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 264 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 276 Q F0 .142 -(Controls whether readline be)144 288 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 -(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 -(can be set to either)144 300 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(enable\255brack)108 312 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221 -(When set to)144 324 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 612 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .141 +(Controls whether readline be)144 636 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 +(can be set to either)144 648 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .518(If the)144 672 +R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G +.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +.25 F .622 +(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 684 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F +.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G +.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F +.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798 +(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 +(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F +(can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) +144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 42 42 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(enable\255brack)108 84 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.222 +(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 336 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 -(it had been read from the k)144 348 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 +(paste into the editing b)144 108 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 +(it had been read from the k)144 120 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 360 Q F1(enable\255k)108 372 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 384 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 132 Q F1(enable\255k)108 144 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +(When set to)144 156 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 396 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 408 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 420 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 168 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 180 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 432 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 204 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 444 Q F0(If set to)144 456 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 216 Q F0(If set to)144 228 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 468 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 480 R F1(On) -3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 492 Q -.15 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 240 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 252 R F1(On) +3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 264 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 504 Q F0 .948 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 516 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 528 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 -(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) -2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 540 R .277(By def)5.277 F -.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 552 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 -(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 564 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 576 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 588 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +(history\255size \(unset\))108 276 Q F0 .949 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 300 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 +(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) +2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 312 R .277(By def)5.278 F +.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 324 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v) +3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 336 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 348 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 600 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 612 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 624 -Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 636 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ + ne)144 372 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 384 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 396 +Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 648 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 420 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) -144 660 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +.336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as) +144 432 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 -(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 672 Q F1 -(isear)108 684 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1 +(isear)108 456 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 708 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 720 Q F2 -(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(40)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 41 41 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.1(ke)108 84 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021 -(Set the current readline k)144 96 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F -2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.02 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 108 R F0 2.568(,a)C +ental search without subsequently e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.935(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2 +(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) +108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 516 +R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 528 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 120 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 132 Q(fects the def)-.25 -E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 144 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ -ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ -iting)144 156 R .293(mode is acti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 -G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 -(eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 180 -Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 -(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 -(gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ -n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 192 R -(the mode string.)144 204 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 216 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) -.1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 228 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G -(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 240 R +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25 +E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 564 S +(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 576 R +F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 588 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 252 R .62 +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 600 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 264 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 612 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 -(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 276 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 +(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 624 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 288 R(alue,)-.25 +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 636 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 300 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 312 Q(ectories \(On\)) --.18 E F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 660 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 672 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 336 Q F0(If set to)144 -348 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 684 Q F0(If set to)144 +696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 360 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 -2.675(,c)C .175 +(*)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 43 43 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(mark\255symlink)108 84 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +.175(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 384 +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 108 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 396 Q F0 .193(This v)144 408 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 420 R .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 120 Q F0 .192(This v)144 132 R +.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 144 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 432 Q F1 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 444 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 156 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 168 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.585(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 468 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 480 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 192 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 204 Q F0 +.507(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 504 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 -(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .884 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 516 Q F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 528 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 540 R F1(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) -3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 228 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E +(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On) +3.384 E F0 .885(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 +240 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 252 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 264 +R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2 +(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 552 Q F1 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 564 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 588 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 600 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .698(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +(tions at a time.)144 276 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +F(order)144 312 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 324 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .699(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 624 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 348 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 636 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 648 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 660 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 360 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 372 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 384 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 672 R(bell.)144 684 Q F1 -(sho)108 696 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 708 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 720 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 396 R(bell.)144 408 Q F1 +(sho)108 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 432 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 444 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(41)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 42 42 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 456 R 3.54 +(yp)-.15 G 1.039 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 468 Q F1 +(sho)108 480 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021 +(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022 +(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022 +(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F +(command, or vi insertion.)144 504 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E +(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 528 R +F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 540 Q +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 552 R +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 564 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 +(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 576 Q F0 .517(If the)144 +588 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G +.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the) +.25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti) +144 600 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475 +(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 612 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F +3.735(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236 +(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 624 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F +.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ +an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) +144 636 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 648 Q F0 .517 +(If the)144 660 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 +-.25(va)3.017 G .518 +(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25 +F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 +672 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v) +5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 684 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F +4.429(eak)-.1 G 2.229 -.15(ey b)-4.529 H 1.929 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.93 +(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 696 R -.25(va) +-.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F +.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\ +an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) +144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(43)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.039(without an) -144 84 R 3.539(yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 96 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(sho)108 108 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 1.019(If set to)144 120 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 -(dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 -(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F -(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 132 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 156 R -F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 168 Q -2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 180 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 192 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 204 Q F0 1.198(This string\ - is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 216 R .521(mode is acti)144 228 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 -H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 -F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 -(inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 -240 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G -3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) -144 252 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ -can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 264 Q F1 -(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 276 Q F0 1.198(This string\ - is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 288 R .782(mode is acti)144 300 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 -H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) --.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H -.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 -(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 312 R .869 -(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 -(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 -324 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ -be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 336 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 96 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B -(when listing possible completions.)144 372 Q F1 -(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 388.8 Q F0 .05 -(Readline implements a f)108 400.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 -(which allo)108 412.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +(when listing possible completions.)144 108 Q F1 +(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 124.8 Q F0 .05 +(Readline implements a f)108 136.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 +(which allo)108 148.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 -(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 441.6 Q F0(The)144 441.6 Q F1($if)2.962 -E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ -he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 -(or the application using readline.)144 453.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 -(xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 -(xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F -(are required to isolate it.)144 465.6 Q F1(mode)144 482.4 Q F0(The)180 -482.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 -(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 -(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 -(mode. This)180 494.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F -F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) -3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 506.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E -(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 -(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 518.4 -Q F1(term)144 535.2 Q F0(The)180 535.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 +(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 177.6 Q F0(The)144 177.6 Q F1($if)2.963 +E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F +(or the application using readline.)144 189.6 Q(The te)5 E +(xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E +(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 201.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\ +erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode) +144 218.4 Q F0(The)180 218.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the) +3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711 +(su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F +3.065(mode. This)180 230.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the) +3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565 +(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 242.4 R +F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx) +3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F +(out in emacs mode.)180 254.4 Q F1(term)144 271.2 Q F0(The)180 271.2 Q +F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 (form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 547.2 R +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 283.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 559.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 295.2 Q F1(=)3.232 E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180 -571.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 +307.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0 (to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1(application)144 588 Q F0(The)180 600 -Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 +2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 324 S(rsion).1 E F0(The) +180 336 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608 +(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609 +(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 348 Q F1 -.1 +(ve)3.929 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.929 G 1.428 +(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.428 +(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 360 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0 +2.605(,\()C(and)-2.605 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1 +(<=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(>=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(<)2.606 E F0 2.606(,a)C(nd) +-2.606 E F1(>)2.606 E F0 5.106(.T)C .106(he v)-5.106 F .106 +(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.472 +(of the operator consists of a major v)180 372 R 1.471(ersion number) +-.15 F 3.971(,a)-.4 G 3.971(no)-3.971 G 1.471 +(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F .766(optional minor v)180 384 R +.766(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.266 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B +.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A +1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 396 R F1 -.1(ve) +4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number) +-.15 F(ar)180 408 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144 +424.8 Q F0(The)180 436.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503 (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 -612 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 +448.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 (nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 -624 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +460.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 (ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 -(ci\214c program.)180 636 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(ci\214c program.)180 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 648 Q -(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 672 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 684 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 -E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 696 Q F1($endif)180 708 Q -F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(42)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 43 43 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 484.8 +Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 508.8 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 520.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) +-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 532.8 Q F1($endif)180 +544.8 Q F2(variable)144 561.6 Q F0(The)180 573.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E +F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276 +(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v) +-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180 +585.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2 +(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079 +(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\ +or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 597.6 R .13 +(the v)180 609.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F +.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F +(tested. Boolean v)180 621.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E +(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f) +-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 638.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre) +144 638.4 Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0 +(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 655.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the) +144 655.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 672 +Q F0 .356(This directi)144 684 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) +144 696 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 +($include)144 720 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF($endif)108 84 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 84 Q(vious e) --.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -($else)108 100.8 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 100.8 Q F1($if) -2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 117.6 Q F0 .356 -(This directi)144 129.6 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 -(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 141.6 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 --.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(/etc/inputr)2.5 -E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1($include)144 165.6 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 -E F1(Sear)87 182.4 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 194.4 R .835 +SF(Sear)87 84 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 96 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 206.4 Q -(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E -(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 223.2 R .697 +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 108 Q +(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(incr)2.51 E(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F3(non-incr)2.5 E(emental) +-.37 E F0(.).51 E .697(Incremental searches be)108 124.8 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F .698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 235.2 R .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 136.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 247.2 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G +(incremental search requires only as man)108 148.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 -(acters present in the v)108 259.2 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) +(acters present in the v)108 160.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 -(If that v)108 271.2 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(If that v)108 172.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .097(mental search.)108 283.2 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +F .097(mental search.)108 184.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 (When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 295.2 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) -108 312 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type Con\ -trol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 -(search backw)108 324 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +e search string becomes the current line.)108 196.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) +108 213.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 +(search backw)108 225.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 (ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 (xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 336 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -.174 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 237.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 348 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +.541(instance, a)108 249.6 R F3(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 (will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 360 Q -.653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 376.8 R -.653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 261.6 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 278.4 +R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) -3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 388.8 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 290.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 405.6 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 307.2 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 417.6 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 434.4 Q F0 1.391 -(The follo)108 446.4 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 319.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 336 Q F0 1.391 +(The follo)108 348 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 458.4 R .122 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 360 R .122 (names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 470.4 Q F2(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 372 Q F3(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F3(mark)3.411 E F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 482.4 Q F0 2.5 +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 384 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 499.2 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 -E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 511.2 Q F0(Mo)144 523.2 Q .3 +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F3 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 400.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 +E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 412.8 Q F0(Mo)144 424.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 535.2 Q F0(Mo)144 547.2 Q .3 -.15 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 436.8 Q F0(Mo)144 448.8 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 -559.2 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 571.2 Q .3 -.15(ve f) +460.8 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 472.8 Q .3 -.15(ve f) -.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 583.2 Q F0(Mo)144 595.2 Q .3 -.15(ve b) --.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 607.2 S(rward\255w) -.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 619.2 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 484.8 Q F0(Mo)144 496.8 Q .3 -.15(ve b) +-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 508.8 S(rward\255w) +.25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 520.8 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W) -.1 F .522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 631.2 Q F1(backward\255w)108 643.2 Q -(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 655.2 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ters and digits\).)144 532.8 Q F1(backward\255w)108 544.8 Q +(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 556.8 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 667.2 Q F1(shell\255f)108 679.2 -Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 691.2 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 568.8 Q F1(shell\255f)108 580.8 +Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 592.8 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984 (ord. W)-.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-) --.8 F(ters.)144 703.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E -(43)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 44 44 +-.8 F(ters.)144 604.8 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E +F0(Mo)144 628.8 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609 +(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109 +(ord. W)-.1 F .609(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F +(metacharacters.)144 640.8 Q F1(pr)108 652.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G +(ious\255scr).15 E(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .891(Attempt to mo)144 664.8 R +1.191 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .891(oint to the same ph).15 F .891 +(ysical screen column on the pre)-.05 F .89(vious ph)-.25 F .89 +(ysical screen line.)-.05 F .87(This will not ha)144 676.8 R 1.17 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H .87(he desired ef).15 F .87 +(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 3.37(eu)-.1 G +3.37(pm)-3.37 G .87(ore than one)-3.37 F(ph)144 688.8 Q(ysical line or \ +if point is not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen w\ +idth.)-.05 E F1(next\255scr)108 700.8 Q(een\255line)-.18 E F0 .638 +(Attempt to mo)144 712.8 R .938 -.15(ve p)-.15 H .638 +(oint to the same ph).15 F .637(ysical screen column on the ne)-.05 F +.637(xt ph)-.15 F .637(ysical screen line. This)-.05 F .008(will not ha) +144 724.8 R .309 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .009(he desired ef).15 F .009 +(fect if the current Readline line does not tak)-.25 F 2.509(eu)-.1 G +2.509(pm)-2.509 G .009(ore than one ph)-2.509 F(ysical)-.05 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(45)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255backward\255w)108 84 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .908 -.15 -(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F .609 -(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 108 Q -F1(clear\255scr)108 120 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 132 R .993 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .772(line or if t\ +he length of the current Readline line is not greater than the length o\ +f the prompt plus)144 84 R(the screen width.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(clear\255scr)108 108 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 120 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 156 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 132 Q F1 -.18(re)108 144 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -168 Q F1(Commands f)87 184.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 196.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 -(Accept the line re)144 208.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 +156 Q F1(Commands f)87 172.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 184.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 +(Accept the line re)144 196.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 220.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 208.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 232.8 Q F1(pr)108 -244.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 256.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 268.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 280.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 220.8 Q F1(pr)108 +232.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 244.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 +E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 256.8 +Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 268.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 -(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 292.8 Q F0(Mo)144 304.8 Q .3 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 280.8 Q F0(Mo)144 292.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.) --.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 316.8 Q F0(Mo)144 328.8 Q +-.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 304.8 Q F0(Mo)144 316.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 -(re v)108 340.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.47(Search backw)144 352.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 +(re v)108 328.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 +1.471(Search backw)144 340.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 364.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 376.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 388.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) --.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 400.8 Q F1 -(non\255incr)108 412.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) -144 424.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ -sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 436.8 S -(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 448.8 Q +(This is an incremental search.)144 352.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 364.8 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 376.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +-.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 388.8 Q F1 +(non\255incr)108 400.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) +144 412.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ +sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 424.8 S +(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 436.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 460.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 448.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 -472.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 484.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 496.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +460.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 472.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) +-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 484.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F -(and the point.)144 508.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 520.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) -144 532.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ -etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 544.8 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 556.8 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 -568.8 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 -(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 580.8 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 -(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 -(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 592.8 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(and the point.)144 496.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 +(history\255sear)108 508.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) +144 520.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ +etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 532.8 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255substring\255sear) +108 544.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 556.8 R .951 +(ard through the history for the string of characters between the start\ + of the current)-.1 F .007(line and the current cursor position \(the) +144 568.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(point)2.507 E F0 2.507(\). The)B +.007(search string may match an)2.507 F .007(ywhere in a history)-.15 F +2.5(line. This)144 580.8 R(is a non-incremental search.)2.5 E F1 +(history\255substring\255sear)108 592.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E +F0 .249(Search forw)144 604.8 R .249(ard through the history for the st\ +ring of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F .318 +(and the point.)144 616.8 R .319(The search string may match an)5.318 F +.319(ywhere in a history line.)-.15 F .319(This is a non-incremental) +5.319 F(search.)144 628.8 Q F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 640.8 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 +G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 652.8 R .622 +(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622(vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 +F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F .622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 +664.8 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794(th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)3.294 E F0 +3.294(,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F3(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 676.8 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 604.8 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 616.8 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 628.8 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 640.8 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 652.8 S .204(th a numeric ar) -.4 F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F -(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi) --5.203 E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar) -2.703 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 664.8 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 -(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 -(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 676.8 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 688.8 R .791 -.15(ve t) --.15 H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 -(ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 700.8 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F -.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 -(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -712.8 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(44)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 45 45 +(ument inserts the).18 F F3(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 688.8 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F3(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F3(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 700.8 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(46)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 84 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 96 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 108 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +SF(yank\255last\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F +-1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308(Insert the last ar)144 96 R 1.308 +(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307 +(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 108 +S .203(th a numeric ar).4 F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 +H .204(actly lik).15 F(e)-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 +5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1 +(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 120 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 +H .507(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 +(ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E +1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 132 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 144 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 +(ument switches the direction).18 F .494 +(through the history \(back or forw)144 156 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +.494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 +(acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 +168 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 180 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 192 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 204 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 120 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 132 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 216 Q F0 .938 +(Perform history e)144 228 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F2(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 144 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 156 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 168 R 1.626 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2 -(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 180 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 192 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 204 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 216 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 228 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 240 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 252 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 264 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 252 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 264 R 1.627 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F2 +(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(belo)144 276 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 288 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 300 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 312 Q F1 +(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 324 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 336 Q(xpansion on the current line.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 348 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) +.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 360 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 276 Q F0 .947 -(Accept the current line for e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F -(history for editing.)144 300 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 312 Q F0(In)144 -324 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 372 Q F0 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729 +(history for editing.)144 396 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F +.729 +(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of) +-.18 F(the current line.)144 408 Q F1 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 420 Q F0(In)144 +432 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 336 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) +(attempts to in)144 444 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2($VISU)2.6 E(AL) -.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F3(,)A F0 (and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 -352.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 364.8 +460.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 472.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 376.8 R .799 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 484.8 R .799 (xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 (ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 388.8 R +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 496.8 R .592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 400.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 412.8 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 424.8 R .442 +(as the end of input and returns)144 508.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 520.8 Q F0 .441 +(Delete the character at point.)144 532.8 R .442 (If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 436.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 544.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 448.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 460.8 R +108 556.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 568.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 (umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 472.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 484.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 496.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 580.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 592.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 604.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 (nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 508.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 520.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -532.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 616.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 628.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 +640.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 544.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 556.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 568.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 580.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 592.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 604.8 Q F0 .321 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 616.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 -(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -628.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 640.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E -.3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 652.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -664.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 676.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 688.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -700.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 712.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(45)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 46 46 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 652.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 664.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 676.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 688.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(47)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(do)108 84 Q(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 96 Q -1.647(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 .321 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 96 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 108 +R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 120 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 +-.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 +(transpose\255w)108 132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +144 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 156 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 168 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180 +R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E +(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 204 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 216 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 108 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 132 +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 240 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 252 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 144 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 156 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 168 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 264 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 276 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 288 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 (xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 (gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 180 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +(Wi)144 300 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 (gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 192 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 312 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) 4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 -(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 204 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 324 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F -.957(pushing the te)144 216 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +.957(pushing the te)144 336 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 (Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 228 Q +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 348 Q (By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -244.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 256.8 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 268.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 280.8 Q F0(Kill backw) -144 292.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 304.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 316.8 +364.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 376.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 388.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 400.8 Q F0(Kill backw) +144 412.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 424.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 436.8 Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 328.8 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 448.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -340.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 352.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 364.8 R .728 +460.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R .728 (ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 376.8 S +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 496.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 388.8 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 400.8 Q(ord behind point.) +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 508.8 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 520.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 412.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 424.8 +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 532.8 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 544.8 R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 436.8 S +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 556.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 448.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 460.8 R 3.025 +108 568.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 580.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 472.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 484.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 496.8 R .364 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 592.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 604.8 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 616.8 R .364 (ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -508.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 520.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) -144 532.8 R .166 +628.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 640.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) +144 652.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 544.8 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 664.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 556.8 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 568.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 -580.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 592.8 Q(xt in the current re) --.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 604.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E -F0(Cop)144 616.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E -(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 628.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 640.8 Q 4.8(yt) --.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E -(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 -652.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 664.8 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E -(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 676.8 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008 -(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 -E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G -(ward\255w)144 688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 700.8 Q -F0 -1(Ya)144 712.8 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer at point.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(46) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 47 47 +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 676.8 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 688.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108 +700.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 712.8 Q(xt in the current re) +-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(48) +193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 84 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 96 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +SF(copy\255r)108 84 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 2.5(yt) +-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 +E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1(copy\255backward\255w)108 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 120 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3 +(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 +G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 132 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 144 +Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 156 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008 +(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 +F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G +(ward\255w)144 168 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 180 Q F0 -1 +(Ya)144 192 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 204 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 216 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 112.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 124.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 232.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 244.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 136.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 256.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 (rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 160.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 172.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 268.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 280.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 292.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -184.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -196.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +304.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +316.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 208.8 R .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 328.8 R .898 (As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 220.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 340.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 232.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 352.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 (cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 364.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 261.6 Q(complete \(T)108 273.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 285.6 R 1.137 +87 381.6 Q(complete \(T)108 393.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 405.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 297.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 417.6 Q .532(xt as a v) -.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) -.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 309.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +144 429.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 (\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 321.6 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 333.6 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 345.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 357.6 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 369.6 R .783 +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 441.6 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 453.6 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 465.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 477.6 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 489.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 -381.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 393.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 -405.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 +501.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 513.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +525.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.193(possible completions.)144 417.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +1.193(possible completions.)144 537.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 (steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 429.6 R .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 549.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 441.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 561.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 453.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +(positions forw)144 573.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 465.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) +E(through the list.)144 585.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) 5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E -(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 477.6 Q F0 .82 -(Identical to)144 489.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 +(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 597.6 Q F0 .82 +(Identical to)144 609.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82 (ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 501.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(menu\255complete)144 621.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg) .15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 513.6 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 525.6 R +F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 633.6 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 645.6 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 537.6 R -.15 +2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 657.6 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 -(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 549.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 561.6 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 573.6 Q(xt before point.) --.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 585.6 Q -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 597.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 609.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 621.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 633.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 645.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -657.6 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 -669.6 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1(possible\255v)108 681.6 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E -F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 693.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 705.6 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 717.6 Q -(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(47)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 48 48 +(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 669.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 681.6 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 693.6 Q(xt before point.) +-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 705.6 Q +F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(49)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 84 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 96 Q +SF(complete\255user)108 84 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) +108 108 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 +132 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(possible\255v)108 156 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 180 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 Q +(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 204 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 108 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 120 R .581 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 228 Q F0 .581 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 240 R .581 (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 132 R +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 252 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 264 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 156 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 276 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 180 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 R .425 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 300 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 312 R .425 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 204 Q F1(dab)108 216 Q(br)-.1 E +(for possible completion matches.)144 324 Q F1(dab)108 336 Q(br)-.1 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 228 R .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 348 R .611 (xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 240 Q F1 -(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 252 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 360 Q F1 +(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 372 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\ -in braces so)144 264 R(the list is a)144 276 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +in braces so)144 384 R(the list is a)144 396 Q -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 292.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 -E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 304.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) -.833 E F0(Be)144 316.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 412.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18 +E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) +.833 E F0(Be)144 436.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 328.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G -(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 340.8 Q +(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 448.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G +(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 460.8 Q (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 -(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 352.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 364.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 472.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 +E F0(Re-e)144 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) -.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 376.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 388.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 400.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 508.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 520.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 -(Miscellaneous)87 417.6 Q -.18(re)108 429.6 S<ad72>.18 E +(Miscellaneous)87 537.6 Q -.18(re)108 549.6 S<ad72>.18 E (ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 441.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(Read in the contents of the)144 561.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 (indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -453.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 465.6 Q F0 3.248 -(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 477.6 R +573.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 585.6 Q F0 3.248 +(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 597.6 R 5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 -(bell\255style)144 489.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 501.6 Q -(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 513.6 R F2(x) -4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 -(wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F -(uppercase character)144 525.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 537.6 Q -(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 549.6 Q -(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 -(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 561.6 Q F0 -(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 573.6 Q F1 --2.29 -.18(re v)108 585.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 -(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 597.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 +(bell\255style)144 609.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 621.6 Q(wer)-.1 E +(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 633.6 R F2(x) +4.239 E F0 1.739 +(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239 +F(meta\214ed lo)144 645.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G +(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo) +2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 657.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0 +(Metafy the ne)144 669.6 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 +(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 681.6 Q F0 +(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 693.6 Q F1 +-2.29 -.18(re v)108 705.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095 +(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 717.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F -(return the line to its initial state.)144 609.6 Q F1 -(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 621.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 633.6 Q +(return the line to its initial state.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 51 51 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 84 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 96 Q (xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1 -(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 645.6 Q F0 -(Set the mark to the point.)144 657.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E +(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 108 Q F0 +(Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 -(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 669.6 Q F0(Sw) -144 681.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144 +144 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) -144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 705.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 -717.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 +144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 +(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 180 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 (xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) -144 729.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(48)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 49 49 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(character\255sear)108 84 Q(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 -3.544(Ac)144 96 S 1.044(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 +144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 216 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 (vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 108 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 120 Q F0 1.826 -(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 132 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) +(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.826 +(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 252 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) -.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 144 R .791 +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 264 R .791 (Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 (sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) -.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ -y characters into the editing b)144 168 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) --.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 180 Q(ault, b)-.1 E +y characters into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) +-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 300 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -192 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 204 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) -.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 --.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 216 Q .245 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .245 (ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 (gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 -(the characters at the be)144 228 R .321 +(the characters at the be)144 348 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 (comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 240 R F1 +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1 (comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 (ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 -(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 252 R 1.468 +(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 372 R 1.468 (wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 264 Q F0 .84 +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .84 (causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 (he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F -(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 276 Q -.15 +(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 396 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 288 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 300 R .791 +(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 408 Q +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 420 R .791 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 -(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 312 +(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 432 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ -le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 324 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 336 R .176 +le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 456 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 -(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 348 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 +(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 468 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 (an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e) -144 360 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) -108 372 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 384 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F +144 480 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\)) +108 492 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 504 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F .923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1 (glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F -.872(the line is redra)144 396 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G +.872(the line is redra)144 516 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 408 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 420 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 432 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +(ex)144 528 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 540 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 552 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) 5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 444 Q +(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 564 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) -2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 456 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 468 R 1.799 +2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 576 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 588 R 1.799 (ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 480 R .304 +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 600 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 492 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 504 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 516 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 612 Q(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 624 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 636 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 (equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 528 Q +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 648 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 540 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 552 Q -(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 564 Q +(\214le.)144 660 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 672 Q +(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 684 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 580.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 -592.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 700.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +712.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 604.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +F2(compspec)108 724.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 (as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) --.25 F(programmable completion f)108 616.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 633.6 R .497 -(If the command w)5.497 F .498 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 -645.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 -(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) -5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 657.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 669.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F -.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 681.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ -r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 693.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) -108 705.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E -.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ - matching w)108 722.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 -(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E -(49)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 50 50 +-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(51)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(found, the def)108 -84 Q(ault)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0 -(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 -(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 100.8 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(programmable completion f)108 84 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 +100.8 R .497(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +112.8 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 +(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad45>2.733 E +F0 .233(option to)2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F +.233(If a comp-)5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, \ +the compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions)108 +124.8 R .823(for the w)108 136.8 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823 +(the command w)3.323 F .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the \ +full pathname is searched for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 148.8 R .367(\ +no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214n\ +d a compspec for the portion)2.866 F(follo)108 160.8 Q .299 +(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) +108 172.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E +.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ + matching w)108 189.6 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 +(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 201.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 +E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 218.4 R .463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 112.8 R .595 +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 230.4 R .595 (When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F -(shell v)108 124.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E -F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 141.6 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 +(shell v)108 242.4 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E +F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 259.2 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 -(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S +(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 271.2 S .554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 (ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 (shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E -(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 165.6 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 -(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 182.4 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 283.2 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2 +(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 300 Q .321 +(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 F +F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 (The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -194.4 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +312 R F2(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F .413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 206.4 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(using brace e)108 324 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 -218.4 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H -(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -230.4 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 336 +R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396 +(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 348 Q +.51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 (xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 -(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 242.4 Q +(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 360 Q (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 259.2 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 376.8 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 (een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 (hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F1<ad46>3.738 E -F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 271.2 R -.2 +F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 388.8 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 (d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2 -(COMP_KEY)108 283.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(COMP_KEY)108 400.8 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 (va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 (alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 (Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 -295.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +412.8 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 (riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 307.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(the function or command is in)108 424.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 (d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C 2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 319.2 R .264 +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 436.8 R .264 (gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) -2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 331.2 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 448.8 R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 (ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 343.2 R +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 460.8 R .715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 355.2 Q(An)108 372 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 384 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og) -.65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 -(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 396 -Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 E(Ne) -108 412.8 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 +108 472.8 Q(An)108 489.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 +(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 501.6 Q F1 +(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 +513.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 +E(Ne)108 530.4 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 (ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081 (option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) -2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 424.8 +(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 542.4 R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -436.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 -(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 453.6 R +554.4 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 571.2 R 2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 465.6 R +E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 583.2 R .682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 (xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 (in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 477.6 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G +(the w)108 595.2 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G (iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 489.6 R +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 607.2 R (An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 (ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 501.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 619.2 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 513.6 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 631.2 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -530.4 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 -F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E -F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) -3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 542.4 Q .246 -(If the pre)108 559.2 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) --.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F -F1(complete)108 571.2 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E +648 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F +.587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1 +<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 +F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline completion c\ +ode as the list of possible completions.)108 660 Q .246(If the pre)108 +676.8 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym) +-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names) +-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete) +108 688.8 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E (as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 588 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)2.962 -F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 +(If the)108 705.6 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 -F(pletion is attempted and an)108 600 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 616.8 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +F(pletion is attempted and an)108 717.6 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(52)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 53 53 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .559(By def)108 84 +R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.059 +(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 (enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 628.8 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +.632(of possible completions.)108 96 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 E +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 (completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 640.8 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 652.8 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 108 R .558 +(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)3.059 +F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 120 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 (e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 664.8 Q F0 1.207 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 132 Q F0 1.207 (option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F 3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F -(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 -676.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) -2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 693.6 R .632(tions force\ - readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 705.6 R 2.762(to the v)108 717.6 R 2.762 +(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 144 +Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)2.5 E +.245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desire\ +d, the programmable completion func-)108 160.8 R .632(tions force readl\ +ine to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links to di\ +rectories, subject)108 172.8 R 2.762(to the v)108 184.8 R 2.762 (alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 (readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 729.6 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 196.8 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(50)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 51 51 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .19 -(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 84 R -.191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 -(tion with a def)108 96 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83 -(sp)-.55 G 1.33(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion\ - should be retried by returning an e)108 108 R .93(xit status of 124.) --.15 F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the c\ -ompspec associated with the command on which completion is)108 120 R -.665(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 132 R .666 +.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +213.6 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.172 +(tion with a def)108 225.6 R 1.172(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 +F F1 1.172(complete \255D)3.672 F F0 6.172(.I)C(t')-6.172 E 3.672(sp) +-.55 G 1.172(ossible for shell functions e)-3.672 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.172 +(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion sho\ +uld be retried by returning an e)108 237.6 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 +F .93(If a)5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compsp\ +ec associated with the command on which completion is)108 249.6 R .665 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 261.6 R .666 (gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 (cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 -144 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)-.25 -G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F .083 -(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 156 Q(uilt dynamically as c\ -ompletion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 E -.15 -(Fo)108 172.8 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 +273.6 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F +.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 285.6 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 +E -.15(Fo)108 302.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 (nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F -(the command, the follo)108 184.8 Q(wing def)-.25 E +(the command, the follo)108 314.4 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 -E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 201.6 Q({)108 213.6 Q 6 -(.")144 225.6 S +E/F2 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 331.2 Q({)108 343.2 Q 6 +(.")144 355.2 S (/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108 -237.6 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 -249.6 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 278.4 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 -.372(When the)108 290.4 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 +367.2 Q(complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 +379.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 408 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 +.372(When the)108 420 R F1 .372(\255o history)2.872 F F0 .372 (option to the)2.872 F F1(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 (iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 302.4 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 +(the list of commands pre)108 432 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 (The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) 2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 314.4 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 +F .43(mands to sa)108 444 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 (istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 (HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) -.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 -326.4 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 338.4 -S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +456 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 468 S +4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 350.4 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) -A F0 .082 +(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 480 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 367.2 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 +108 496.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 -379.2 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 +508.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G .315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 391.2 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 520.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 403.2 S +.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 532.8 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 415.2 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 544.8 Q 1.604 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 -(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 -(stamps for the preceding history line.)108 427.2 R .098 -(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F -.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 439.2 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E -F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 +(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151 +(stamps for the follo)108 556.8 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151 +(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F +.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 568.8 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0 +-.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 ($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 451.2 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A +(copied from the history list to)108 580.8 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F1(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F1(shopt)108 -463.2 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +592.8 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 475.2 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) +.197(history \214le is o)108 604.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) .15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 487.2 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +(If the)108 616.8 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 499.2 R +F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 628.8 R 3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 (ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 (This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 -(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 511.2 +(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 640.8 R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G 1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 -(truncated to contain no more than)108 523.2 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E +(truncated to contain no more than)108 652.8 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 -(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 535.2 Q +(is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 664.8 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 552 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see)2.798 -E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe) --.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 564 R(The) -5.472 E F1(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(The b)108 681.6 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F1(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 693.6 R +(The)5.472 E F1(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 (iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 -(manipulate the history \214le.)108 576 R .001 +(manipulate the history \214le.)108 705.6 R .001 (When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 588 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 604.8 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 -(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 616.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 -(cmdhist)108 628.8 Q F0 .75 +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 717.6 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(53)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 54 54 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.486 +(The shell allo)108 84 R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986 +(rw).15 G 1.486(hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 +G 3.986(nt)-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E/F1 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTCONTR)3.985 E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F1 +(HISTIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457 +(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o)-.2 H +.458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(cmdhist)108 108 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 -(the same history entry)108 640.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 +(the same history entry)108 120 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 652.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F2(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 132 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +.374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 (wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 664.8 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 -(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F +(description of the)108 144 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +(iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F1 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F (UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 -(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 -676.8 Q F3(HIST)72 693.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E -(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 705.6 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 -(describes what syntax features are a)108 717.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 -(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 156 +Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 172.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G +(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 +184.8 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F +.61(xpansion in)-.15 F F2(csh)3.11 E F0 5.61(.T)C .61(his section)-5.61 +F .87(describes what syntax features are a)108 196.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G +3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 (ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 729.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 -(option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E -(51)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 52 52 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(belo)108 84 Q 2.5 -(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E -1.305(History e)108 100.8 R 1.305(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(or\ -ds from the history list into the input stream, making it easy to repea\ -t)-.1 F .21(commands, insert the ar)108 112.8 R .21(guments to a pre) --.18 F .209 +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 208.8 R F2(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(option to the)4.514 F F2(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 220.8 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F +.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 237.6 R 1.305 +(xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ + input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 +(commands, insert the ar)108 249.6 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 124.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 -141.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ -s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S 3.2 -(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 -(arts. The)-3.2 F .7 -(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 165.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 177.6 R/F1 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F1(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F1(modi\214er)108 189.6 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 -(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 201.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 -(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 213.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 225.6 Q -/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678 -(ault. Only)-.1 F .178(backslash \()2.678 F F2(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a) -.833 G .178(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .177 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.677(,b)-.4 G .177(ut the his-)-2.877 F .67 -(tory e)108 237.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ - it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F -(double-quoted string.)108 249.6 Q(Se)108 266.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +278.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ +s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 290.4 S .252 +(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251 +(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251 +(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 302.4 Q .145 +(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\ +rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during subs\ +titution.)2.646 F .766(The second is to select portions of that line fo\ +r inclusion into the current one.)108 314.4 R .766 +(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 326.4 R/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-2.753 F F4(wor) +2.753 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.253(.V)C(arious)-6.363 E F4(modi\214er)2.754 E(s) +-.1 E F0 .254(are a)2.754 F -.25(va)-.2 G(il-).25 E .539 +(able to manipulate the selected w)108 338.4 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F +.538(line is brok)3.038 F .538(en into w)-.1 F .538(ords in the same f) +-.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 350.4 +R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)3.072 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 +.572(-separated w)B .572(ords surrounded by quotes are considered one w) +-.1 F 3.073(ord. His-)-.1 F .356(tory e)108 362.4 R .355 +(xpansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e)-.15 F .355 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.855(,w)-.4 G .355(hich is)-2.855 F F2(!) +3.688 E F0 .355(by def)3.688 F(ault.)-.1 E .79(Only backslash \()108 +374.4 R F2(\\).833 E F0 3.29(\)a).833 G .79 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-3.29 F .79 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.291(,b)-.4 G .791(ut the history e)-3.491 F +(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\ +tely precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted)108 386.4 R +(string.)108 398.4 Q(Se)108 415.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03 (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 278.4 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 427.2 T +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2 -(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E -F0(will also inhibit e)108 290.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 307.2 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 319.2 R F2 +(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.162 E +F0(will also inhibit e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 456 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 468 R F2 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt) 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ -stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 331.2 R -5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 -(is reloaded into the)108 343.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 -1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) --.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 -(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 355.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 -1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ +stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 480 R +5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F +1.516(is reloaded into the)108 492 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 +1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) +-.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515 +(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 504 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202 +(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re) -3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 367.2 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F2<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 -(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 379.2 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F2<ad73>2.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G -.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F -(end of the history list without actually e)108 391.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 516 S -.25(ff).2 G +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F2<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 528 S +.055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F2<ad73>2.555 E +F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056 +(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +(end of the history list without actually e)108 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 408 R 2.2 +(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 556.8 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -420 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +568.8 R F2(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F2 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F -(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 432 Q F2 -(Ev)87 448.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 460.8 R -.15(ve) +(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 580.8 Q F2 +(Ev)87 597.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 609.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) -108 472.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 -(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 489.6 -Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 489.6 R 1.608 + history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) +108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 +(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 638.4 +Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 638.4 R 1.607 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F -(\(when the)144 501.6 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(\(when the)144 650.4 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 513.6 Q F1(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 -513.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 525.6 Q F1(n)A F0 -(Refer to the current command minus)144 525.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2 -(!!)108 537.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 537.6 Q(vious command.)-.25 E -(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 549.6 Q F1(string) +(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 662.4 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 +662.4 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 674.4 Q F4(n)A F0 +(Refer to the current command minus)144 674.4 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2 +(!!)108 686.4 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 686.4 Q(vious command.)-.25 E +(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 698.4 Q F4(string) A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ -on in the history list starting with)144 549.6 R F1(string)144 561.6 Q -F0(.).22 E F2(!?)108 573.6 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the\ - most recent command preceding the current position in the history list\ - containing)144 585.6 R F1(string)144 597.6 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing) --5 E F2(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is follo) -2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 -SF(^)108 614.6 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 -.783(Quick substitution.)144 621.6 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784 -(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F1 -(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 -(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 633.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1 -(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 -(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 645.6 Q F0 -(The entire command line typed so f)144 645.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 --.75(Wo)87 662.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 674.4 S 1.314 -(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 686.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G -3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 -(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2 -($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F2<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 698.4 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 710.4 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(52)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 53 53 +on in the history list starting with)144 698.4 R F4(string)144 710.4 Q +F0(.).22 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(54)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF 2.5(0\()108 84 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 96 Q 2.5 -(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 108 Q F0(The)144 108 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w) -A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 120 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 120 Q 2.5 -(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 132 Q F0 .063 -(The last w)144 132 R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar) -2.563 F .064(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064 -(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F .064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 -144 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 156 Q F0(The w)144 156 Q -(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2 -(x)108.77 168 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 168 S(ange of w)-2.5 E -(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E -F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 180 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 180 R .316 -(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F -.315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315 -(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F -(just one w)144 192 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 204 Q F0 -(Abbre)144 204 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 216 Q -F0(Abbre)144 216 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1 -(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 -232.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E --.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 249.6 Q F0 .183 -(After the optional w)108 261.6 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 -G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F -.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 273.6 Q F1(h) -108 290.4 Q F0(Remo)144 290.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H +SF(!?)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A F1([?])A F0 1.503(Refer\ + to the most recent command preceding the current position in the histo\ +ry list containing)144 96 R F2(string)144 108 Q F0 5(.T).22 G +(he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E +F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 125 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3 +(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 132 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F +.784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E +F2(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 +(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 144 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 +(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 +(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 156 Q F0 +(The entire command line typed so f)144 156 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)87 172.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 184.8 S 1.313 +(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 196.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 +(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 +($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 208.8 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 220.8 Q +F1 2.5(0\()108 237.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 249.6 Q +2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E +F2(n)108.36 261.6 Q F0(The)144 261.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E +F1(^)108 273.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 273.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 285.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 285.6 +R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 +(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F +.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 297.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +F1(%)108 309.6 Q F0(The w)144 309.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) +-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 321.6 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 +2.5(Ar)144 321.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C +(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 333.6 Q F0 +.315(All of the w)144 333.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 +(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 345.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 +357.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 357.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<78ad>108 369.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 369.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 +(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E +(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 386.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) +-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E +(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 +(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .184 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 +(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 427.2 Q F1(h)108 +444 Q F0(Remo)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) -108 302.4 Q F0(Remo)144 302.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +108 456 Q F0(Remo)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H (ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r) -108 314.4 Q F0(Remo)144 314.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E +108 468 Q F0(Remo)144 468 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E (\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E -(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 326.4 Q F0(Remo)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15 -(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 -338.4 Q F0(Print the ne)144 338.4 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E -(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 350.4 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 350.4 Q -(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 362.4 Q F0 -(Quote the substituted w)144 362.4 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 -2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) -2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 374.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 386.4 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 -(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 480 Q F0(Remo)144 480 Q .3 -.15(ve a) +-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 492 Q +F0(Print the ne)144 492 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 504 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 504 Q +(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 516 Q F0 +(Quote the substituted w)144 516 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 +E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 528 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A +F0(Substitute)144 540 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 398.4 R .617 +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 552 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 -F .666(be quoted in)144 410.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) -3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 +5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 +F .666(be quoted in)144 564 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 +E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 422.4 R -(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 -(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E -(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 434.4 Q F2(string) -2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 -(&)108 446.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 446.4 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E -F1(g)108 458.4 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 458.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 470.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 -(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 -(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 482.4 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 494.4 Q F0 -(.)A F1(G)108 506.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 506.4 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s) -A F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 523.2 Q -(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 -(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 535.2 R .062(uiltin command documen\ -ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 -547.2 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F1<adad>2.534 E F0 .034 -(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0 -(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 559.2 R F1<adad>4.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E -6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 -(,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 -E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) --4.049 E F1(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F -.261(process ar)108 571.2 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) --.15 F F1<ad>2.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F1<adad>2.761 E -F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 -(guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 -(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 583.2 R 1.154 -(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>3.654 E F0 1.154 -(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F1 -<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 613.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 625.2 R .452 -(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 637.2 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 654 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0 -([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 666 Q(ce)-.18 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 -(Read and e)144 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 -(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 -(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 -(status of the last command e)144 690 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458(cuted from) -.15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2(\214lename) -5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F .608 -(names in)144 702 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 -.608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2(\214lename) -3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)-5.608 F F4 --.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832(is not in)3.333 F F2 -.832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 -(\214le is found in)144 726 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 -E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(53)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 54 54 +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 576 R(If) +5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 +(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn) +-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 588 Q F2(string)2.84 +E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) +108 600 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 600 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) +108 612 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 624 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 +(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 +(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 636 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 +(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 648 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 660 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 660 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 +('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(nt line.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 676.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 688.8 +R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ +receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 700.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0 +.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E +F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E +F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577 +(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 712.8 R F1 +<adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit) +2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n) +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A +F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 724.8 R .26 +(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261 +(without requiring)2.76 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b) +-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261 +(ut are not)-.2 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(55)193.45 +E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)144 84 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112 -(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 -E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112 -(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2(\214lename)144 96 Q F0 -1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697 -(the positional parameters are unchanged.)4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F -/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F(enabled,) -144 108 Q F3(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an)3.618 F 3.618 -(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F3(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C -3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118(ot, an) --3.618 F(y)-.15 E F3(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117(trap string is sa) -3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 -(restored around the call to)144 120 R F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86 -(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F3(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F3 -(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 -(cutes. If).15 F F3<ad54>2.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 -(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 132 R F3(DEB)3.935 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.154 +(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 84 R 1.154 +(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad> +3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 +(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 96 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 114 Q F0([)2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 126 R +.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an) +3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 +138 R(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 154.8 Q F2(\214lename) +6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 166.8 Q(ce) +-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Read and e)144 178.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 +(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 +(vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 +(status of the last command e)144 190.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.458 +(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)3.958 E F0 6.458(.I).18 G(f)-6.458 E F2 +(\214lename)5.868 E F0 1.458(does not contain a slash, \214le-)4.138 F +.608(names in)144 202.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 +(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) +-5.608 F F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 214.8 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +(\214le is found in)144 226.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 +E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)144 +238.8 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F +2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 +(\214lename)144 250.8 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F1<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 262.8 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) +3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 +(trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 +(restored around the call to)144 274.8 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 +2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F +F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 +(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 +(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 286.8 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F3(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 -(completes. The)144 144 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 -(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 156 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0 -(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F3(alias)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E -F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..]) --2.5 E F3(Alias)144 184.8 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 -(guments or with the)-.18 F F3<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F3(alias)5.224 E -F2(name)144 196.8 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 +(completes. The)144 298.8 R 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 +(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 310.8 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E +F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 339.6 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +F2(name)144 351.6 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 208.8 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 363.6 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 -(tution when the alias is e)144 220.8 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(tution when the alias is e)144 375.6 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 232.8 R 1.314 -(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F3(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E -(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 244.8 Q F3(bg)108 261.6 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 -273.6 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F3(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 285.6 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F3 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 -(when job control is disabled or)144 297.6 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 309.6 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 -E F3(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 -2.5(][)C F3(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 -<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad71>-2.5 E F2 -(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F3<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F3(bind)108 350.4 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3<ad66>2.5 E F2 -(\214lename)2.5 E F3(bind)108 362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 -G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F3(bind)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 387.6 R 1.314 +(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 399.6 Q F1(bg)108 416.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 +428.4 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 440.4 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +(when job control is disabled or)144 452.4 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 464.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +E F1(bind)108 481.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 +2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 493.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 +(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1<ad72>-2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 505.2 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F1(bind)108 517.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 +G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F1(bind)108 529.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -(function\255name)A F3(bind)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) +(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 541.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 398.4 R F3 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F3 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 410.4 R F3 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 422.4 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 -(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 434.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3<ad6d>144 -446.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 458.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 470.4 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 553.2 R F1 -.18(re) +2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 565.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 577.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F +.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 589.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 +E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 +601.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 613.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 625.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 482.4 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert) -4.113 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G +(vi\255command)180 637.2 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.114 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.614 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.114 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A -(ve)-.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 494.4 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(ve)-.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 649.2 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F3<ad6c>144 506.4 Q F0 -(List the names of all)180 506.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(functions.)2.5 E F3<ad70>144 518.4 Q F0(Display)180 518.4 Q F3 -.18(re) +(emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 661.2 Q F0 +(List the names of all)180 661.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 673.2 Q F0(Display)180 673.2 Q F1 -.18(re) 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E -(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3<ad50>144 530.4 -Q F0(List current)180 530.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F3<ad73>144 542.4 Q F0(Display)180 -542.4 Q F3 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 +(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad50>144 685.2 +Q F0(List current)180 685.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +(function names and bindings.)2.5 E F1<ad73>144 697.2 Q F0(Display)180 +697.2 Q F1 -.18(re)3.655 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)3.655 G 3.655(ys)-.05 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) --.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 554.4 S 2.5(yt).1 G -(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3<ad53>144 566.4 Q -F0(Display)180 566.4 Q F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5 -(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-2.5 E 2.5(yo) --.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F3<ad76>144 578.4 Q F0(Display)180 578.4 Q F3 -.18 -(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G -(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F3<ad56>144 590.4 Q F0(List current)180 590.4 Q -F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E -(alues.)-.25 E F3<ad66>144 602.4 Q F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(Read k)180 -614.4 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A -F3<ad71>144 626.4 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Query about which k)180 638.4 Q --.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H -(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3<ad75>144 650.4 Q F2(function) -2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 662.4 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sb).15 G -(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F3<ad72>144 674.4 Q -F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 --.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 -(.)A F3<ad78>144 698.4 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F3(:)A F2 -(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 710.4 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 -1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 722.4 Q F0 1.765(is e) -4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F F1 -(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 -(riable to the contents of the).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(54)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 55 55 +-.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 709.2 S 2.5(yt).1 G +(hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(56)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.18(re)180 84 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353 -(fer and the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25 -(va)3.603 G 1.353(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012 -(insertion point.)180 96 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 -(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F2(READLINE_POINT)180 108 Q/F3 9 +SF<ad53>144 84 Q F0(Display)180 84 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 +-.1(ke)2.5 G 2.5(ys)-.05 G(equences bound to macros and the strings the) +-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(utput.)-2.5 E F1<ad76>144 96 Q F0(Display)180 96 Q +F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues in such a w)-.25 E(ay that the)-.1 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G +(an be re-read.)-2.5 E F1<ad56>144 108 Q F0(List current)180 108 Q F1 +-.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 -.25(va)2.5 G(riable names and v).25 E +(alues.)-.25 E F1<ad66>144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 +E F0(Read k)180 132 Q .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings from).15 E F2 +(\214lename)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 144 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 +(Query about which k)180 156 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(si).15 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) +-2.5 H .2 -.1(ke t).4 H(he named).1 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75> +144 168 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0(Unbind all k)180 180 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5 +(sb).15 G(ound to the named)-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad72>144 +192 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 204 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H +.3 -.15(ny c).15 H(urrent binding for).15 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E +F0(.)A F1<ad78>144 216 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 +(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 228 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 +1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 240 Q F0 1.764(is e) +4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 +(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 252 S(adline).18 E +F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 +264 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 +(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 276 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G -(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 120 -Q F0 .829(List all k)180 120 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 288 +Q F0 .83(List all k)180 288 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) -.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 132 Q(The return v) -144 148.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 +.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 300 Q(The return v) +144 316.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 165.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 -(])A .055(Exit from within a)144 177.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0 -(,)A F1(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E -F1(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F4(n)2.555 E F0 .055 -(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F4(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F4(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 189.6 Q F4(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 -(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 -201.6 Q F4(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 -(bu)108 218.4 S(iltin).2 E F4(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F4(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 230.4 Q .793 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F4 +E F1(br)108 333.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 +(Exit from within a)144 345.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 +(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 +E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 357.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 +(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +369.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 +(bu)108 386.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 398.4 Q .792 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 +F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -242.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 -254.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 +410.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +422.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E -5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 266.4 Q(alse if)-.1 -E F4(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E -(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 283.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 295.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 434.4 Q(alse if)-.1 +E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E +(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) +.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 463.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 307.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F4 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 475.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 319.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F4 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 -(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ +.254(subroutine call.)144 487.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 +(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 331.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 343.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 355.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F4 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 367.2 Q -(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 384 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F4 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 396 R F4(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F4(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HOME)2.822 E -F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 408 R -3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 -(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F4(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) -3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E .849 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 420 R F4(dir)3.349 E -F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F2(CDP)3.35 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F4(dir)144 432 Q F0 -5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 -(irectory names in).15 F F2(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 444 Q F2(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162 +ent e)144 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 511.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E +3.019(0. The)144 523.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 535.2 Q +(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 564 R F2(dir) +2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E +F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 576 R +3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035 +(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) +3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 588 R F2(dir)3.35 E F0 +3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F2(dir)144 600 Q F0 +5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 612 Q F3(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F 4.162 (,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662(.I) -.74 G(f)-6.662 E F4(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 -(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F2(CDP)144 456 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 -.191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F -.19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 -(symbolic links while tra)144 468 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F4(dir) -3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F4(..)3.62 E F0 -(in)3.62 E F4(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F1<ad50>3.62 E F0 -.395(option to the)144 480 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 +.74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 +(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 624 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 .191 +(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F .191 +(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +(symbolic links while tra)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) +3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F2(..)3.62 E F0 +(in)3.62 E F2(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F1<ad50>3.62 E F0 +.395(option to the)144 648 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 (iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>2.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 492 R F4(..) -2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F4(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F4(..) -2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F4(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 -(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 -E .744(the immediately pre)144 504 R .744(vious pathname component from) --.25 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 -F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F4(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 516 R F1 -<ad65>3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F1<ad50>3.965 E -F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 -(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 -(determined after a successful directory change,)144 528 R F1(cd)2.968 E -F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) -5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 540 R F1<ad40>2.836 E F0 .336 -(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 +-.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 660 R F2(..) +2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F2(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F2(..) +2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F2(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 +(ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 +E .744(the immediately pre)144 672 R .744(vious pathname component from) +-.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 +F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 684 R F1 +<ad65>3.966 E F0 1.466(option is supplied with)3.966 F F1<ad50>3.965 E +F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 +(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 +(determined after a successful directory change,)144 696 R F1(cd)2.968 E +F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) +5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 708 R F1<ad40>2.837 E F0 .336 +(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) -144 552 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F2($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 +144 720 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.106(empty directory name from)144 564 R F2(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F1<ad>2.607 E F0 .107 -(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F -.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 576 R 2.538(ww) --.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F -(The return v)144 588 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E -(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 -604.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F4(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 616.8 Q F4(command)2.764 E F0(with) -3.334 E F4(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 628.8 R -F2 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F4(command)3.201 E -F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 640.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F -.399(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 -(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 652.8 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76> -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F4(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 664.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 -(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F4(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 -<ad56>144 676.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 688.8 R F4(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 -(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F4 -(command)144.2 700.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 712.8 S -(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F4(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(55)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 56 56 +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(57)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 58 58 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compgen)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(])A .012 -(Generate possible completion matches for)144 96 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 -E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 E F0 .013 -(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 108 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 120 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 -<ad46>2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F -.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 132 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .107 +(empty directory name from)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)2.607 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.607 E F0 .106(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106 +(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F .038 +(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 96 R 2.538(ww)-.25 G +.038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F +(The return v)144 108 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E +(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 +124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command) +2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 136.8 Q F3 +(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F3(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 148.8 R +F1 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.202 E +F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 160.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) +5.399 E .174(either the)144 172.8 R F2<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 +<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F3 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F2<ad76>2.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 184.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F2<ad56>144 196.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 208.8 R F3(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F3 +(command)144.2 220.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 232.8 S +(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 +(compgen)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(wor)-2.5 E(d) +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 261.6 R +F3(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F3(option)2.513 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 273.6 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) +3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 285.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F +F2<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F2<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) +2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 +F(mable completion f)144 297.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 156 R .352 +E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 321.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 -168 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)2.52 -F(those completions matching)144 180 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 204 Q +333.6 R(If)5.02 E F3(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only) +2.52 F(those completions matching)144 345.6 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 369.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1 -(complete)108 220.8 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C -F1<ad6f>-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E -F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad47> --3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad57>-3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad46>-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 -232.8 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 244.8 Q -F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108 -256.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.633(Specify ho)144 268.8 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 -(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 -F .634(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 -280.8 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 -(reused as input.)144 292.8 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 -(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 -(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 304.8 R(The)6.347 E -F1<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 316.8 R(`def)-.74 E +(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 +(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C +F2<ad6f>-3.728 E F3(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E +F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad41>-3.728 E F3(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad47> +-3.728 E F3(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad57>-3.729 E F3(wor)3.729 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad46>-3.729 E F3(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 +398.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 410.4 Q +F2<ad58>A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) +A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 +422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E +.634(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 +(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 +F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 +446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 +F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) +144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3 +(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E +F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.347 E +F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) +3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 -328.8 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 340.8 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 352.8 Q 1.438 +494.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 +(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R +(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 +(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 Q 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -376.8 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 412.8 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +542.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056 -(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) -144 424.8 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E -F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 436.8 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 448.8 Q -F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 460.8 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 +(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) +144 590.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E +F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 602.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 614.4 Q +F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 626.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 472.8 Q F2 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 484.8 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 496.8 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 638.4 Q F3 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 650.4 Q F0 +.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 662.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -508.8 Q F1(default)184 520.8 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 520.8 R 5.375 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +674.4 Q F2(default)184 686.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 686.4 R 5.376 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 532.8 Q F1(dir)184 544.8 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name c\ -ompletion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 556.8 Q F1 -(\214lenames)184 568.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 580.8 S .137(ll readline that th\ -e compspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c> --.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 592.8 R -2.634(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-) --2.634 F .45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 -604.8 R .45(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 616.8 Q -F1(noquote)184 628.8 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 628.8 S .814 -(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 640.8 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 652.8 Q -F0 -.7(Te)224 652.8 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible comp\ -letions alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 664.8 Q F0 -.7(Te) -224 664.8 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22 -(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 -676.8 Q F1(plusdirs)184 688.8 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 688.8 R 4.485(ym) --.15 G 1.985 -(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 700.8 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 -712.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(56)192.055 E 0 Cg -EP -%%Page: 57 57 +224 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(58)193.45 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad41>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2 -(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E +SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name completion if th\ +e compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames)184 108 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \214lenam\ +es, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134 +(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(noquote) +184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 168 S .814 +(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 180 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 192 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 192 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 204 S +.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 216 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 228 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 228 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 240 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 252 +Q F1<ad41>144 264 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 276 +Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -108 Q F0(Alias names.)224 108 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 120 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 132 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 144 Q(Readline)224 144 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 156 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 156 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 168 -Q F0(Command names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 192 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 204 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 216 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 228 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -240 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 240 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -252 Q F0(Names of e)224 252 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +288 Q F0(Alias names.)224 288 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 300 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 312 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 324 Q(Readline)224 324 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 336 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 336 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 348 +Q F0(Command names.)224 360 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 372 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 384 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 396 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 408 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +420 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 420 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +432 Q F0(Names of e)224 432 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -264 Q F0(File names.)224 264 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 276 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 288 -Q F1(gr)184 300 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 300 Q +444 Q F0(File names.)224 444 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 456 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 468 +Q F1(gr)184 480 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 480 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -312 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 324 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 336 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 348 +492 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 504 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 516 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 528 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 360 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 360 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 372 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 384 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 540 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 552 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 564 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -396 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 396 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 408 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 408 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 420 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 420 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 +576 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 576 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 588 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 588 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 600 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 600 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 432 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 432 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 444 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 444 Q F1(stopped)184 456 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 468 Q F0(User names.)224 468 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 480 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 480 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 492 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 504 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(shopt)184 612 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 612 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 624 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 624 Q F1(stopped)184 636 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 648 Q F0(User names.)224 648 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 660 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 660 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 672 Q F2 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 684 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 516 Q F1<ad46>144 528 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 -(The shell function)184 540 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg +EP +%%Page: 60 60 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad46>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +(The shell function)184 96 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 552 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 108 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 564 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 120 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 576 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 588 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) --.25 F F3(COMPREPL)184 600 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1<ad47>144 612 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 624 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 636 Q -F1<ad50>144 648 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 660 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 132 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 144 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 156 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 168 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 +(The pathname e)184 180 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 192 Q F1<ad50>144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 216 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 672 Q F1<ad53>144 684 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 684 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 228 Q F1<ad53>144 240 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 240 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 696 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 708 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 -(each resultant w)184 720 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(57)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 58 58 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(resultant list which match the w)184 84 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E/F1 -10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad58>144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 -E(\214lterpat)184 108 Q F0 .455(is a pattern as used for pathname e) -2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F .456 -(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 120 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 132 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 144 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 252 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 +(each resultant w)184 276 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 +F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 +3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 288 Q .766 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 +(va)184 300 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +A F0 1.964 +(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) +6.464 F(match the w)184 312 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 324 +Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 336 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 348 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 360 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 372 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 160.8 R .467 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 388.8 R .466 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 172.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 184.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 400.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 412.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(compopt)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 213.6 R +(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 441.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 225.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 237.6 Q F2(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 453.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 465.6 Q F2(name) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 249.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 477.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.228(the `)144 261.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.227(the `)144 489.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 273.6 R 2.177 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F1<ad45>4.677 E F0 2.178 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) -144 285.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G +no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 501.6 R 2.178 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) +144 513.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.388(The return v)144 309.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +E 1.387(The return v)144 537.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 321.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 549.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 338.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 350.4 R 1.753 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 566.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 578.4 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 362.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 590.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F5 10 /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 374.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 -(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 386.4 Q F1(declar)108 403.2 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 602.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 +(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 614.4 Q F1(declar)108 631.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 415.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(typeset)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 <ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 427.2 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 655.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 439.2 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 -(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 451.2 Q F2(name)2.775 E -F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) -2.774 F(without)144 463.2 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 475.2 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F1<ad70>3.681 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -487.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 +G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 667.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 679.2 Q F2(name)2.774 E +F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) +2.775 F(without)144 691.2 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 703.2 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +715.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 (ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 -499.2 R(The)6.291 E F1<ad46>3.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ -y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 -(name and attrib)144 511.2 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) -5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 +727.2 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ +of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 61 61 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .948 +(name and attrib)144 84 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the)5.948 +F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -523.2 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 -F(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 535.2 Q F1 -<ad66>3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F1<ad67>3.891 E F0 1.391 -(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 +96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.19 E F0 1.69 +(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0 +(option)4.19 E(implies)144 108 Q F1<ad66>3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 +E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 547.2 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 -(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F -(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 559.2 -R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 -F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 571.2 Q(utes:)-.2 E -F1<ad61>144 583.2 Q F0(Each)180 583.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 -(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 595.2 Q -F0(Each)180 595.2 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) --.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 607.2 Q F0(Use function names only) -180 607.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 619.2 Q F0 .558(The v)180 619.2 R .558 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 120 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 +(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F +(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 132 R +.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F +1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 144 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 +<ad61>144 156 Q F0(Each)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 +E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 168 Q F0(Each)180 +168 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) +.15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 180 Q F0(Use function names only)180 180 Q(.)-.65 +E F1<ad69>144 192 Q F0 .557(The v)180 192 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 631.2 Q F0(abo) -2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) --2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 643.2 Q -F0 .909(When the v)180 643.2 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 204 Q F0(abo)2.25 +E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 216 Q F0 .91 +(When the v)180 216 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 655.2 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 667.2 -Q F0(Gi)180 667.2 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 -(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 228 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 240 Q +F0(Gi)180 240 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) +3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.518(That other v)180 679.2 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 -F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 691.2 Q .227 +1.519(That other v)180 252 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F +1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 264 Q .226 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 (xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F1<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 703.2 R -.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 715.2 Q(ariables.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(58)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 59 59 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad72>144 84 Q F0(Mak)180 84 Q(e)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name) -5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E 7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546 -(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F 2.546 -(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 96 Q F1 -<ad74>144 108 Q F0(Gi)180 108 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929 -(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG) --.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.) -180 120 Q(The trace attrib)5 E(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E -(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 132 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 132 R .909 -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909 -(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F -(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 144 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E -(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 156 Q F0(Mark)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 -E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E -(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 172.8 R -2.62(ft)-.25 G .12(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F -.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -.645(to destro)144 184.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) --3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) -3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 -(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 196.8 Q F1 +2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 276 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 +F(applied to array v)180 288 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 300 Q F0 +(Mak)180 300 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E +7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F +2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 312 +Q F1<ad74>144 324 Q F0(Gi)180 324 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E +2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 +E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 336 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 348 +Q F0 .909(When the v)180 348 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 360 R(lo)2.5 +E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 372 Q +F0(Mark)180 372 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 388.8 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 +(to destro)144 400.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +-3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 412.8 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 -(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283 -(is supplied.)144 208.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283 +(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.282 +(is supplied.)144 424.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 -(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 -220.8 R F1<ad61>3.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F1<ad41>3.426 E F0 .927 -(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 232.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 +436.8 R F1<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F1<ad41>3.427 E F0 .926 +(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 448.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 244.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C -2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 -256.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 +144 460.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C +2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144 +472.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 268.8 R F1 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 484.8 R F1 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 280.8 S .172 +F2(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 496.8 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 292.8 R 3.46(fa) +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 508.8 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 304.8 Q +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 520.8 Q (xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 321.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 333.6 S .329 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 537.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 549.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 345.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 357.6 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 561.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 573.6 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 369.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 381.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 381.6 Q -F1<ad6c>144 393.6 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 393.6 R .882 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 585.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 597.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 597.6 Q +F1<ad6c>144 609.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 609.6 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -405.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 417.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 417.6 Q F1<ad76> -144 429.6 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 429.6 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 -(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 441.6 Q F1(+)144 453.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)180 453.6 R F2(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 465.6 Q F1<ad>144 477.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 477.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +621.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 633.6 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad76> +144 645.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 645.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 657.6 Q F1(+)144 669.6 Q F2(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 669.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 681.6 Q F1<ad>144 693.6 Q F2 +(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 693.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 489.6 Q .257(The return v)144 -506.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 518.4 Q F1(diso)108 535.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .122 -(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) -4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 559.2 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F -F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E -.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 -<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 571.2 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 583.2 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 -(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 -<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 595.2 R F1 -<ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F2(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 -(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 636 R F2(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 648 R(If)5.308 E F1<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 -660 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F1<ad45>3.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 672 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 -(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 684 -Q F1(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 -F F1(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 -(these escape characters by def)144 696 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E F0 -.716(does not interpret)3.216 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .715 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.715 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 708 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(59)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 60 60 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 705.6 Q 1.707(The return v)144 +722.4 R 1.707(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.707 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)4.207 E F0(inde)4.206 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.206(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-4.206 G 1.706(ond the end of the).15 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\a)144 84 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 84 Q F1(\\b)144 96 Q F0(backspace) -180 96 Q F1(\\c)144 108 Q F0(suppress further output)180 108 Q F1(\\e) -144 120 Q(\\E)144 132 Q F0(an escape character)180 132 Q F1(\\f)144 144 -Q F0(form feed)180 144 Q F1(\\n)144 156 Q F0(ne)180 156 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G -(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 168 Q F0(carriage return)180 168 Q F1(\\t)144 180 -Q F0(horizontal tab)180 180 Q F1(\\v)144 192 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 192 S -(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 204 Q F0(backslash)180 204 Q F1(\\0)144 -216 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v) -180 216 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0 -(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 228 Q F2(HH)A F0 -(the eight-bit character whose v)180 228 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E -(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 240 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 -1.506(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 252 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 264 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 276 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 288 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 300 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) --2.5 E F1(enable)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 328.8 R +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(directory stack.) +144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 100.8 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 +112.8 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2 +(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j) +-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 +(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 124.8 R F1<ad61>2.596 +E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096 +(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 +.096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096 +(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec) +145.74 136.8 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G +.585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 +F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 148.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 +(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 +<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 160.8 R F1 +<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 172.8 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E +F1(echo)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 201.6 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 213.6 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 +225.6 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +6.348 E F1<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 +(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 +249.6 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 +F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 +(these escape characters by def)144 261.6 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 +(interprets the follo)144 273.6 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 285.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 285.6 Q F1(\\b)144 297.6 Q F0 +(backspace)180 297.6 Q F1(\\c)144 309.6 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +309.6 Q F1(\\e)144 321.6 Q(\\E)144 333.6 Q F0(an escape character)180 +333.6 Q F1(\\f)144 345.6 Q F0(form feed)180 345.6 Q F1(\\n)144 357.6 Q +F0(ne)180 357.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 369.6 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 369.6 Q F1(\\t)144 381.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +381.6 Q F1(\\v)144 393.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 393.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 405.6 Q F0(backslash)180 405.6 Q F1(\\0)144 417.6 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 417.6 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 +(\\x)144 429.6 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 429.6 Q +(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 +(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 +(\\u)144 441.6 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 453.6 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 465.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 477.6 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 489.6 R .547 +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 501.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 518.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 530.4 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 -(the same name as a shell b)144 340.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 +(the same name as a shell b)144 542.4 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 352.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 -(abled; otherwise,)144 364.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 554.4 R .989 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 +(abled; otherwise,)144 566.4 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 376.8 R -.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 388.8 S 1.525 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 578.4 R .081(uiltin v) +-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) +2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 590.4 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 400.8 Q F1<ad64> -2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) --5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 412.8 R F1<ad70> -2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 602.4 Q F1<ad64> +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 614.4 R F1<ad70> +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -424.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 1.917 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 436.8 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 448.8 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 460.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 -472.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 489.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 501.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 513.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +626.4 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 638.4 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 650.4 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 662.4 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 +674.4 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 691.2 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 703.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C +.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F +.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 715.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 525.6 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 -(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 554.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 566.4 R .177 -(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G -(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 578.4 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 590.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 -(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 602.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 -1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 614.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F -.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 626.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) --.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 638.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 -(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 -(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 -(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 650.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 667.2 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 679.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 -E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E -F1(export)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 -E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(60)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 61 61 +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 727.2 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(export \255p)108 84 Q F0 .257(The supplied)144 96 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257 -(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 -(commands. If)144 108 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127 -(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> -144 120 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F -.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -<ad6e>2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 132 S 1.446 +SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 108 R .176(guments to) +-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1 +<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F +F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E +(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 .499 +(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .638(to be e) +3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077 +(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F +(non-interacti)144 156 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576 +(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 168 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 180 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1 +(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) +-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 192 Q +(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 261.6 R +F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F +.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.627 E F1 +<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) +.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) +5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 +(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 285.6 Q F0 .048 +(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) +-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0 +.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.447 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 144 S .742(lue of the v).25 -F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 156 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 -(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 168 Q F1(fc)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .741(lue of the v) +.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 208.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 374.4 R F2<8c72> +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 232.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314 -(is used as an of)144 244.8 R .314 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E F2(last)2.905 -E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F(-)-.2 E .949 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 256.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .948 +144 398.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19 +(is used as an of)144 410.4 R .19 +(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779 +E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E .948 +(rent command for listing \(so that)144 422.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948 (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 268.8 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 292.8 +3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 434.4 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 458.4 Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 304.8 R .438(If the) +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 470.4 R .438(If the) 5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E -F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 +.335(the editor gi)144 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E +F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 (do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 328.8 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631 -(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR) --.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63 -(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v)144 340.8 R .95(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi) -5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 F .951 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 F --.15(exe)144 352.8 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 376.8 R +F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 494.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E +F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 +F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 506.4 R .951 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F +-.15(exe)144 518.4 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 542.4 R F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 388.8 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72> -2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 -2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 400.8 Q F3 7.166 -(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r) -3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 412.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -436.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> +2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 +2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 566.4 Q F4 7.165 +(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) +3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F +(mand.)144 578.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 +602.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 448.8 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 614.4 R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 484.8 Q +638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 650.4 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 513.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 679.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 525.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G -.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 537.6 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 549.6 Q +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 691.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 703.2 Q +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 715.2 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F1(getopts)108 566.4 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 578.4 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 590.4 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 602.4 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring name)2.5 E F0([) +2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 614.4 R 1.665 +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665 (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 626.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 -3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 638.4 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 -E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 -(or a shell script is in)144 650.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 3.296 +(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) +3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G +.797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) +4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 +(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 662.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 674.4 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 +(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 +.803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 686.4 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 710.4 R F1(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 722.4 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q +2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543 +E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(61) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 62 62 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(getopts)144 84 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,) -.27 E F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 -120 Q F0 1.165(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665 -(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring) -3.895 E F0 1.166(is a colon,)3.886 F F2(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E -1.071(reporting is used.)144 132 R 1.071 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 144 R -.393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable)-.25 -E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 156 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 180 R --.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667 -(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E F0 .666 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 -192 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.899 E -F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 +276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.166 +(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 +(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.071 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 324 +R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F +(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 +G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) +2.72 E .666(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) +.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E +F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 +(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 +(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 (is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 204 -Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 228 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F -F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1 -(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F -F2(name)144 240 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F1 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 252 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT) -2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1 -(getopts)144 276 Q F0 .902 +E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 +384 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) +-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() +3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 +(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 +E F0 .234(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If) +5.234 E F1(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1 +(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 +E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 +E F1(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 288 Q F1(hash)108 304.8 +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 316.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 +(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 328.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 340.8 -R F1<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 -(of the command.)144 352.8 R(The)6.712 E F1<ad72>4.212 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F1<ad64>4.211 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 364.8 R .833 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 520.8 +R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 +(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64>4.212 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .833 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 376.8 R F2(name) -3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F -F2(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -388.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 556.8 R F2(name) +3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F +F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +568.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 .795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 <ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -400.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 412.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.821 E F0 .321 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 424.8 Q F2(name)2.86 +580.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 592.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 604.8 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 -453.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 -465.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 477.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 489.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 489.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 501.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 501.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 513.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 513.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 530.4 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 547.2 Q F2(n)A F1(])A -(history \255c)108 559.2 Q(history \255d)108 571.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) --.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A -F1(history \255p)108 595.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 607.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -619.2 S .752 +.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 +633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 +645.6 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 669.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 681.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 693.6 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 693.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E +(64)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 65 65 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1(])A(history \255c) +108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F1 +(history \255d)108 120 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 132 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.) +-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 156 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E +F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 168 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 631.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 180 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 -(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.881 E(MA)144 643.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 655.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 192 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 204 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 667.2 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 216 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 679.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) -2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 691.2 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 691.2 Q F1 -<ad64>144 703.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 715.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 -E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(62)192.055 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 63 63 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 84 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E -3.064('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 96 Q +(not, the v)144 228 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 +E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 240 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 240 Q F1<ad64> +144 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 264 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 +E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889 +G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 276 R -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 288 Q 2.5(,a) +-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G +(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +<ad64>144 300 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 312 R F2(start)3.258 E +F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne).15 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E +F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 +(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61> +144 336 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 336 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h) +-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 348 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 360 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 108 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R + into the current history list.)180 360 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 372 R .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 132 Q F1<ad72>144 144 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 144 Q F1<ad77> -144 156 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 -156 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 168 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 168 R(wing)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625 -(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 -180 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 -E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 204 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(sion.)180 384 Q F1<ad72>144 396 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ +\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 396 Q F1<ad77> +144 408 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 +408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 420 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 420 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) +3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F +2.975(output. Does)180 432 R .475 +(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) +2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F +(normal history e)180 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 456 Q F0 .363 +(Store the)180 456 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve) +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 468 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 484.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669 +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 496.8 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 508.8 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 268.8 R 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 520.8 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 280.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 292.8 Q(fset) +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 544.8 Q(fset) -.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 <ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 304.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 321.6 Q F0([) +<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 556.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 573.6 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 333.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 345.6 Q .3 -.15 +(jobs \255x)108 585.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 597.6 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 357.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 357.6 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 369.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 369.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 381.6 Q F1<ad70> -144 393.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 393.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 405.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 405.6 Q F1<ad73>144 417.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 417.6 Q(If)144 434.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 609.6 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 609.6 Q F1 +<ad6e>144 621.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 621.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad70> +144 645.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 645.6 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 657.6 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 657.6 Q F1<ad73>144 669.6 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 669.6 Q(If)144 686.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 (n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 446.4 Q -.25 +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 698.4 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 463.2 R F1 +E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 715.2 R F1 <ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) 3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 475.2 Q +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 727.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -F1(kill)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1 -<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1 -(kill \255l)108 504 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 -E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 -516 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119 -(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2 -(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318 -(either a case-insensiti)144 528 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318 -(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319 -(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 540 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(65)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 66 66 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) +2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2 +(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2 +(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 +(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 +(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E +F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) +2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 +.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 552 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 144 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 564 R .28 +.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R .28 (guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 576 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 +-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 168 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 <ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 588 R +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R (The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 600 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 616.8 Q F2 +(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 +E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -628.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 640.8 Q F2(ar) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 657.6 Q F0([)2.5 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 669.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 681.6 Q 3.152(yo) +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo) -.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) 3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -693.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F (If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 705.6 R F1 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 717.6 R F1(set)4.063 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 309.6 R F1(set)4.063 E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 729.6 R 1.243 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 321.6 R 1.243 (ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(63)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .42(error to use) -144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 +(error to use)144 333.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 96 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.86 E F0 -(is supplied, or)2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.) --.25 E F1(logout)108 112.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 112.8 Q F1 -(map\214le)108 129.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 141.6 S(adarray) -.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1 -<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k) --.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr) --2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35 -(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 153.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.851 E -(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F2(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 165.6 -R F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 -F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249 -(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C -1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 177.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 189.6 Q F0 -(The \214rst character of)180 189.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 -E F1<ad6e>144 201.6 Q F0(Cop)180 201.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost) --2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0 -(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 213.6 Q F0(Be)180 213.6 Q -(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x) --.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi) --.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 225.6 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 225.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -<ad74>144 237.6 Q F0(Remo)180 237.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +144 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) +2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout) +108 362.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 362.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 379.2 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73> +-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75> +-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 391.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2 +(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) +C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 403.2 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 +(arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 415.2 R +F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 439.2 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 439.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 451.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 463.2 Q F0(Cop)180 463.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 475.2 Q F0(Be)180 +475.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5 +(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 487.2 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 487.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 499.2 Q F0(Remo)180 499.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 249.6 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 249.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 261.6 Q F0(Ev)180 -261.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 511.2 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 511.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 523.2 Q F0(Ev)180 +523.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 273.6 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 273.6 Q -F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 290.4 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 -.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 535.2 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 535.2 Q +F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 552 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 +(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 302.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15 -G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 314.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 326.4 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 343.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 564 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G +2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ +ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 576 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 588 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 604.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 360 Q F0 1.906 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 372 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 621.6 Q F0 1.905 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 633.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 388.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 -(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G -.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 -G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -412.8 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 424.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 436.8 R .551 +F1(popd)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 +(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G +.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 +674.4 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 686.4 Q F1<ad6e>144 698.4 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 698.4 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 448.8 Q F1(+)144 460.8 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E -F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -472.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 484.8 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 484.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E -F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 496.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0 -(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 -513.6 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1 -(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) -3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 525.6 R .415 -(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 537.6 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 -(Write the formatted)144 566.4 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 -E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F1<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 578.4 R(ariable) +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 67 67 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 +G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 +(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 96 +S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) +2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E +F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 108 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 +108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) +180 120 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 +E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd) +3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 +(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 +E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G +.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 +(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 +E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126 +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 201.6 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 590.4 Q(The)144 614.4 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 626.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 638.4 R .036 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 650.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 662.4 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 674.4 Q F0(causes)180 674.4 Q F1(printf) -2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 273.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q F1(printf) +2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 686.4 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 698.4 Q F0(causes)180 698.4 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 309.6 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(64) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 65 65 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(%\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes)180 -96 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 108 R F2 +(input.)180 333.6 Q F1(%\()144 345.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 357.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 369.6 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -120 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F -.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 -(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 132 R .847 -(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 -F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 144 R -.15(ve)-.4 G -.355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G -2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 156 Q(vior) --.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 172.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\ -\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 184.8 -R 1.259 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +381.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +.293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 393.6 R +.693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) +3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 405.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 +G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 434.4 Q +.464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ +ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 +(minus sign is allo)144 446.4 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 196.8 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.423 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 458.4 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 225.6 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 487.2 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 237.6 Q(The return v)5 E +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 499.2 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 254.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 266.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\ -irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 278.4 R 3.14(wt) --.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 290.4 R .416 +108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5 +(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ +tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 540 R 3.139(wt)-.25 +G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 552 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 302.4 R 6.625 -(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 314.4 Q -F1<ad6e>144 326.4 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ -when rotating or adding directories to the)180 326.4 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 338.4 Q F1(+)144 -350.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 350.4 R F2(n) -3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 362.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 374.4 Q F2(n)A F0 -.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 374.4 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 564 R 6.625(.A) +-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 576 Q F1 +<ad6e>144 588 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ + rotating or adding directories to the)180 588 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 600 Q F1(+)144 612 Q +F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 +1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 +(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 636 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 +(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 386.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 398.4 Q F0(Adds)180 398.4 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) --.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 410.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 427.2 R F1(pushd) -2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 439.2 R F2(dir) -3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) --.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 -(stack is empty)144 451.2 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ +F F1(dirs)180 648 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 +E F2(dir)144.35 660 Q F0(Adds)180 660 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) +-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 672 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) +2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 688.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 +E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 700.8 R F2(dir) +3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 +F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 +(stack is empty)144 712.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 463.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 492 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 -504 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 724.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 +Cg EP +%%Page: 68 68 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(pwd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 96 R .845 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 +108 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 (\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If) -144 516 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 528 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 540 Q F1 -.18(re)108 556.8 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 E F2(aname) -3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 -<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.816 E F2 -(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E F2(nc) -3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr)3.817 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 568.8 Q F2(name)A F0 -(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \ -\214le descriptor)144 580.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 592.8 Q F1<ad75>3.847 E F0 1.347 -(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 604.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G +2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) +144 120 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 132 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(ad) +.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2 +(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 +3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 +(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 +<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E +F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A +([)108 172.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ +tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 184.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E +F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q +F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348 +(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 +(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347 +(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 616.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 220.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 628.8 Q F0 -5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) --.25 F .722 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 232.8 Q F0 +5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) +-.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .531(assigned empty v)144 640.8 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 -(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 -(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 652.8 R .197 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 244.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 +(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 256.8 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 --.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 664.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) -C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) -.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 +-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 268.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) +C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) +.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -676.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 688.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 700.8 R 1.049 +280.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 292.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 304.8 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F2(aname)180.33 712.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(65)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 66 66 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad64>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 -(The \214rst character of)180 96 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1<ad65>144 108 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 108 R F1 -.18(re) -2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE) -2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G -(sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 120 R .218 +-.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 +(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 328.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +1.318(The \214rst character of)180 340.8 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 +(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 352.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +-.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +<ad65>144 364.8 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 364.8 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) +2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E +.218(to obtain the line.)180 376.8 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1 -<ad69>144 144 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 144 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G -(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te) -2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E -.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 156 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 -168 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 180 S(ad).18 E F0 -1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 -(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 192 Q -(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 -E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad4e>144 204 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 216 S(ad) -.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(acti)180 388.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 400.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 400.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) +-.25 F(ing be)180 412.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 424.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 436.8 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 +(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 +(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) +-.1 F(input, b)180 448.8 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) +-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 +(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 +460.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 472.8 S(ad).18 E +F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 (aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 -G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) -5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 240 R -F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 -E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 252 R .608 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 484.8 R F1 -.18(re) +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 496.8 +R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 508.8 R .608 (The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 264 S .669 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 520.8 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 276 Q F0(option belo) -2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 288 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) -180 300 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F -3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 -(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 312 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 -(nput. The)-2.5 F +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 532.8 Q F0 +(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 544.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0(Display)180 556.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 568.8 Q +2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 324 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 324 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) --5.543 F(the line.)180 336 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G -(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) --.25 E F1<ad73>144 348 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 348 Q +<ad72>144 580.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 580.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 592.8 Q +(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E +(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 +604.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 604.8 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 360 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 372 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 +<ad74>144 616.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 628.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 +G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 384 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 396 Q +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 640.8 R F2(timeout)3.061 E +F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 652.8 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -408 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 420 R .59 +664.8 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 676.8 R .59 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 432 S(riable) -.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 -(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 -F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 444 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) --.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) -.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -456 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 468 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 484.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 688.8 S +(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 +.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) +2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 +G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 700.8 R 1.12 +(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 +(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 +(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 712.8 R -.15(ex)2.5 G +(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(68)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad75>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E -F3(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 -F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 496.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 112.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) .18 E F0 .772 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 508.8 S 2.004 +-.25(va)144 124.8 S 2.004 (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 520.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 537.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 136.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 561.6 R +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 177.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 573.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 189.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 585.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 201.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 597.6 R -.15(ve) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 609.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 225.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 <ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 621.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -633.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 237.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +249.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 645.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 261.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 657.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 674.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 686.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 273.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 314.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 710.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 326.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 -722.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E -F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(66)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 67 67 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389 -(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re) -2.89 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) --2.89 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n) --.15 E F0 .084(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E -F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 -F .588(causes the shell to stop e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n) -3.448 E F0 .589(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F -.326(mand e)144 120 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326 -(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.) --.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F -.325(alue is)-.25 F .444(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 132 R .444 +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 +338.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) +3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 +(determine the status is the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 362.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E +F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 +(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) +144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 398.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 144 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1 -(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 156 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 410.4 R -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E +.749(mand associated with the)144 422.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 168 Q F1 -(set)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 434.4 Q F1 +(set)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 475.2 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 220.8 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 487.2 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 232.8 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 499.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 .412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 (The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 244.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +(locale. When)144 511.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 256.8 R 1.623 +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 523.2 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 268.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +144 535.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 280.8 Q -F0 1.377(Each v)184 280.8 R 1.377 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 547.2 Q +F0 1.377(Each v)184 547.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 292.8 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 304.8 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 304.8 R +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 559.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 571.2 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 571.2 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 316.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 328.8 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 328.8 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 583.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 595.2 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 595.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 340.8 Q -F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) -.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 -(The shell does not e)184 352.8 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F -.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 364.8 Q +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 607.2 Q +F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F +1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 +619.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 +(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 631.2 Q 1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 376.8 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 643.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 388.8 R +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 655.2 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 400.8 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +-.25(va)184 667.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 412.8 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 679.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 424.8 R 2.677 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 691.2 R 2.677 (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 436.8 R .617 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 703.2 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 448.8 R(ONMENT) +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 715.2 R(ONMENT) -.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 460.8 -Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 478.8 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>4.542 -E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 -490.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 727.2 +Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.042 +(If a compound command or shell function e)184 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.042 +(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<ad65>4.542 E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435 +(ignored, none of the commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 (cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 -(body will be af)184 502.8 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E -F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 +(body will be af)184 108 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E F0 +.193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 <ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 514.8 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 120 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F1<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 526.8 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 +(where)184 132 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 538.8 Q F1 -<ad66>144 550.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 550.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -<ad68>144 562.8 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -562.8 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 144 Q F1 +<ad66>144 156 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 156 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +<ad68>144 168 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +168 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 -574.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 586.8 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 586.8 R .514 +180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 192 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 192 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 598.8 Q F1 -<ad6d>144 610.8 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 610.8 R .148 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 204 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 216 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 216 R .148 (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 622.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F -(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 634.8 R -.679(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\ -g its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 646.8 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 658.8 Q -F0 .653(Read commands b)184 658.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 228 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651 +(JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151 +(\). All).15 F .65(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678 +(process group.)184 240 R .679(When a background job completes, the she\ +ll prints a line containing its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 252 S(it status.).15 +E F1<ad6e>144 264 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)184 264 R .653(ut do not e) +-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 (This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -670.8 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 -E F1<ad6f>144 682.8 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 694.8 Q F2 -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1 -(allexport)184 706.8 Q F0(Same as)224 718.8 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(67)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 68 68 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(braceexpand)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(emacs)184 108 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf) -224 108 R 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 -E .95(when the shell is interacti)224 120 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G -.95(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting) -3.45 E F0 2.5(option. This)224 132 R(also af)2.5 E -(fects the editing interf)-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G -(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)184 144 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 144 Q -F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(errtrace)184 156 Q F0(Same as)224 156 Q F1<ad45> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)184 168 Q F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 204 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 228 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 228 R 3.087(,a) +276 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E +F1<ad6f>144 288 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) +184 300 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E +(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) +A F1(emacs)184 360 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 360 R 2.589 +(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 372 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E +F0 2.5(option. This)224 384 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) +184 396 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 396 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 444 Q F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 480 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 480 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 240 Q +H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 492 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -252 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 264 R 1.657 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +504 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 516 R 1.657 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -276 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 288 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 312 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 324 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad43>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 348 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 360 Q F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 372 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 372 Q F1(notify)184 384 Q F0 -(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 396 Q F0(Same as) -224 396 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q -F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 420 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 420 Q -F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 432 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)224 432 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 444 +528 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 540 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 552 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 564 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 576 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 588 Q F1<ad43>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 600 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 612 Q F0(Same as)224 612 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 624 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 624 Q F1(notify)184 636 Q F0 +(Same as)224 636 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 648 Q F0(Same as) +224 648 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 660 Q F0(Same as)224 660 Q +F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 672 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 672 Q +F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 684 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 684 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 696 R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 456 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 468 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)224 468 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 -2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 -(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -480 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 -1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 492 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 708 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(70)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 71 71 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(posix)184 84 Q F0 2.09(Change the beha)224 84 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F +F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif) +-.1 F 2.091(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212 +(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212 +(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 108 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G 2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -504 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 516 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -528 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 540 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -540 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 552 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 552 R 3.965(ace. This) +120 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 132 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +144 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 156 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +156 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 168 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 168 R 3.965(ace. This) -.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -564 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 576 Q F0(Same as)224 576 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 594 Q -F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) +180 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 210 Q +F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -606 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +222 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 618 Q F1<ad70> -144 630 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 630 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 234 Q F1<ad70> +144 246 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 246 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 642 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 654 S -(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 -(and)2.774 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 -(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 666 R .38 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 258 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 +-.27(BA)184 270 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 282 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 678 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 294 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 690 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 306 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 702 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 318 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 714 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(68)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 69 69 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad74>144 84 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)184 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 96 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 96 S .044 -(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the special \ -parameters "@" and "*" as an)-.25 F .182 -(error when performing parameter e)184 108 R 2.682(xpansion. If)-.15 F --.15(ex)2.682 G .183(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 -E .746(able or parameter)184 120 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 330 Q F1<ad74>144 342 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 342 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1<ad75>144 354 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 354 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 366 R 2.682 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 +(able or parameter)184 378 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -132 Q F1<ad76>144 144 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 144 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 156 Q F0 .315(After e)184 156 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command) -2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case) -2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236 -(or arithmetic)184 168 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236 -(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 180 Q +390 Q F1<ad76>144 402 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 402 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 414 Q F0 .315(After e)184 414 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 +(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 +426 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 438 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 192 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 192 R 2.578 +<ad42>144 450 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 450 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 204 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 216 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 462 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 474 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 228 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 486 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 240 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 252 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 252 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +.15 F(tor)184 498 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 510 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 510 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F .838(mands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 276 Q F1 -<ad48>144 288 Q F0(Enable)184 288 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 534 Q F1 +<ad48>144 546 Q F0(Enable)184 546 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 300 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 312 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 312 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 558 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 570 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 570 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 324 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 582 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 336 R(def)2.685 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 594 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 348 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -360 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 360 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(mands which change the current directory)184 606 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +618 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 618 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 (DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 384 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 396 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 396 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 642 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 654 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 654 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 408 Q F2 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 666 Q F2 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G (ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 -420 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 420 R +678 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 678 R F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 432 R +1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 690 R F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 444 Q .425(The options are of)144 -460.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 702 Q .425(The options are of)144 +718.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 472.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 730.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 484.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 -5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 496.8 Q F1(shift)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 525.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 537.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 549.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 -.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F -(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 561.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 573.6 Q F1(shopt)108 590.4 Q F0([) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 72 72 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) +-.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 96 Q F1(shift)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 +124.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) +2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F +(bers)144 136.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) +2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082 +(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H +.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f) +-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 148.8 +R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 +(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 +(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143 +(positional parameters are not changed.)144 160.8 R .144 +(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144 +(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 172.8 Q F1(shopt)108 189.6 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 602.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 201.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 614.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 213.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 626.4 R .826 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 225.6 R .826 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 638.4 R(The)5.945 E -F1<ad70>3.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) -3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 650.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q -F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 662.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 -674.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 674.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad71>144 686.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ -return status indicates whether the)180 686.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 -(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 698.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 -(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 710.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(69)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad6f>144 84 Q F0(Restricts the v)180 84 Q(alues of)-.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E -F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 100.8 R F1<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1 -<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar) -3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624 -(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233(set or unset, respecti)144 -112.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234 -(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234 -(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 124.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E -1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 141.6 R -F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F -.696 +.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 237.6 R F2 +(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 +(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 +(options. The)144 249.6 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ +o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 +E(options ha)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 273.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +273.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 285.6 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 285.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +297.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 297.6 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 309.6 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G +(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 321.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 333.6 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 333.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 350.4 R F1 +<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 +(set or unset, respecti)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +-.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 374.4 Q(ault.) +-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 +391.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 153.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 165.6 Q(The list of)144 182.4 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 200.4 Q F0 .2 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 200.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 212.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +144 403.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 +(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 415.2 Q(The list of)144 432 Q F1(shopt) +2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 450 Q F0 1.944 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 462 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.945 +(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 474 R .857 +(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F +(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 486 Q F1(autocd)144 498 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 498 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ment to the)184 510 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 224.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 236.4 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 522 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 534 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 248.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 260.4 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 546 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 558 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -260.4 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 272.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 284.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +558 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 570 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 582 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 296.4 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(checkhash)144 308.4 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 320.4 R F1(bash)3.236 -E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 -332.4 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 344.4 -Q F0 .449(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 368.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 380.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 392.4 Q -.1(wa) --.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 404.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 -416.4 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G -.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G -.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 428.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5 -E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist) -144 440.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 440.4 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 -(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 -(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -452.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E -(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 464.4 -Q F0 .419(If set,)184 476.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha) -2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42 -(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the) -184 488.4 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E -F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 -(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 500.4 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F -(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 -(use ASCII collation and)184 512.4 R F2(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821 -(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G -(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 524.4 Q F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0 -(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 536.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 548.4 R F1 -(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v) --.2 F 1.41(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 -(string comparison when using the)184 560.4 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 -(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 572.4 R .481 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 584.4 Q -(xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 596.4 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 608.4 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 -1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 -(string comparison when using the)184 620.4 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 -(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) -4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 632.4 R -F1(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F -(ersions)-.15 E .086 -(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 644.4 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) --.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 656.4 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 668.4 Q F0 1.484 -(If set,)184 680.4 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F -F2(posix)3.984 E F0 1.483 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 -(ex)184 692.4 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 -G .959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 -(nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 -704.4 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 -(posix mode through v)184 716.4 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 728.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(70)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 71 71 +(the command proceeds.)184 594 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 606 Q F0 .737 +(If set,)184 618 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 630 +Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 642 Q +F0 .448(If set,)184 654 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 666 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +(attempted without an interv)184 678 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 690 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 702 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +714 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 +(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 726 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G +(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3 +(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 73 73 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(compat42)144 84 Q F0 1.797(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 +SF(cmdhist)144 84 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 +(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 +96 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 +(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 +(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 108 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 +(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 +(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)184 120 Q(OR)-.162 E +(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(compat31)144 132 Q F0 .42 +(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F .419 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 +F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)184 156 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462 +(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 +(using the)184 168 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +-.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 +(use ASCII collation and)184 180 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') +.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 192 Q F4(str) +2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 204 Q F0 1.41(If set,) +184 216 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 228 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) +2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 240 R .481 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 252 Q +(xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E +F1(compat40)144 264 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 +1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 +(string comparison when using the)184 288 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 300 R +F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) +-.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 +312 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 +(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 324 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 336 Q F0 1.483(If set,) +184 348 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F4(posix) +3.983 E F0 1.484 +(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 +(ex)184 360 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G +.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 +(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 372 +R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 +(posix mode through v)184 384 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 396 Q F1(compat42)144 408 Q +F0 1.796(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 120 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 132 R F1 -(bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 -(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 144 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 -(declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 -(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 156 S .352 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 432 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 444 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 456 R F1 +(bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 +(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 468 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 480 S .353 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) --.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.853 E -.1(fa)184 168 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 -F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.374(function is e)184 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F -(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 -.375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 192 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(complete_fullquote)144 204 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.153 E -F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ -mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 228 R 1.524 -(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F -2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ -enames when these)184 240 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 -252 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 -F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 264 R 1.073 +-.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 492 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F +.375(function is e)184 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F +(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 +.374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F +(the caller')184 516 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(compat44)144 528 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) +2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) +-2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 +552 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 564 Q F0 .654 +(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ +ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 +(forming completion.)184 588 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 +(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ +haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 +600 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 612 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 624 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 276 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 636 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -288 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 300 Q +648 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 660 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 312 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 324 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 672 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 684 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -336 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +696 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 348 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 360 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -360 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +184 708 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E +(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 74 74 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(dirspell)144 84 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 372 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 384 Q F0(If set,)184 384 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 -(nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail) -144 396 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)184 396 R 1.687 -.15(ve s) --.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 408 Q -(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E -(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 -E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 420 Q F0 -.716(If set, aliases are e)184 432 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 -F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E -/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 444 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 456 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .672(If set at shell in)184 468 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .672(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 -(cute the deb).15 F .671(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.22(identical to the)184 480 R F1<adad646562>2.72 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721 -(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .221(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 492 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 504 Q F0(The)220 504 Q F1<ad46>4.251 -E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 96 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 108 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) +-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 120 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 +(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 +(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 132 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) +184 132 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 144 Q(gument to the)-.18 +E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 156 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 168 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F +(by def)184 180 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 192 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 204 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 +(cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F +.221(identical to the)184 216 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 +2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 +(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 228 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 240 Q F0(The)220 240 Q F1<ad46>4.25 +E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 516 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 528 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -528 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 540 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 552 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)220 552 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 564 S .488 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 252 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 264 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +264 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 276 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 288 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 288 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +(exe)220 300 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 576 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 312 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 588 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 588 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 -(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 600 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 612 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 612 R -(shells in)220 624 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 324 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 324 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 336 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 348 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 348 R +(shells in)220 360 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 636 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 636 R(in)220 648 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 372 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 372 R(in)220 384 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 660 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 660 R .4 +(extglob)144 396 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 396 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 672 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 684 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 696 R +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 408 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 420 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 432 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 708 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 August 26)142.895 E(71)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 72 72 +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 444 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 456 Q F0 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 456 R 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 468 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 480 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 492 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 504 R .32 +(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 +(pletions. See)184 516 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) +184 528 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 540 Q F0 2.519 +(If set, range e)184 552 R 2.519 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 564 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 576 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 588 R F1(A) +3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 600 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 612 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 612 R F1(**)3.019 +E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 624 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +636 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 648 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 660 Q F1(histappend)144 +672 Q F0 .676 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +684 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 696 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 March 15)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(failglob)144 84 Q F0 1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 84 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 96 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 108 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 120 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 -(ariable cause w)-.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 -(when performing w)184 132 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 -(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948(pletions. See)184 144 R F2 -.448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f) --.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2(FIGNORE)2.947 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def)184 -156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 168 Q F0 2.518(If set, range e) -184 180 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519 -(et e)-.1 F 2.519(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E -(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 192 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b) -.15 G(eha)-3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 -G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 -(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 -(That is, the current locale')184 204 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 -(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 216 R F1(A) -3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 228 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 240 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 240 R F1(**)3.018 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 252 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 -2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -264 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 276 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 288 Q F1(histappend)144 -300 Q F0 .676 -(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -312 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 -.25(va)2.927 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 324 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 336 Q(eedit)-.18 -E F0 .576(If set, and)184 348 R F1 -.18(re)3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 -(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575 -(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .575(ailed his-)-.1 F -(tory substitution.)184 360 Q F1(histv)144 372 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .402 -(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 +SF(histr)144 84 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re) +3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F +.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 108 Q F1(histv)144 120 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 396 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 408 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 144 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 156 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 420 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 432 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -444 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 456 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 468 Q F0(If set,) -184 480 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 -(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 492 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 504 R .219(alue of the) --.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 516 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F -(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E -F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 528 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 .33(If set, allo)184 540 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 -(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 -(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 552 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 564 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 576 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 576 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +(hostcomplete)144 168 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 180 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +192 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 204 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.5(\). This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 +216 Q F0(If set,)184 228 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP) +2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H +(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 240 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 +.22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 252 R .219 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 264 Q +2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) +144 276 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 288 R 2.83 +(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 +.33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F +.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 300 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 +312 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 324 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 588 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 600 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) -184 600 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 +184 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 348 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 348 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F -(with embedded ne)184 612 Q +3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F +(with embedded ne)184 360 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(login_shell)144 624 Q F0 .486 +(localv)144 372 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 384 R +.422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 +(utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 +396 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +(yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 408 Q +F1(login_shell)144 420 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -636 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 648 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 660 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -672 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F --.1(wa)184 684 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F4(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 696 -Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 708 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 -(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 720 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(72)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 73 73 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(nocaseglob)144 84 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 108 S +432 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 444 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 456 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 +468 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 480 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) +-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 492 +Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 504 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 +(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 516 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 528 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 552 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 120 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -132 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 564 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +576 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +F .551(while e)184 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 156 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 168 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 180 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) -3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) -3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 204 S +(wo)184 600 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 612 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 624 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 636 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 648 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -216 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -228 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -(are enabled.)184 240 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(pr)144 252 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 264 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F -1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 276 -S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) -144 300 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +660 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +672 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +(are enabled.)184 684 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 696 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 708 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 720 +S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 76 76 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.18(re)144 96 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 312 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 324 Q 2.86 -(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 +184 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo) +184 120 Q 2.86(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36 +(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 336 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 132 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 348 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 360 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 372 Q F1(sour) -144 384 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 396 R F1(sour)3.271 E -(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 408 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 420 Q F0(If set, the)184 432 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 448.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 -(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 472.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 -(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 484.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +F1(shift_v)144 144 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 156 R F1 +(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 168 Q F1(sour) +144 180 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 192 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F +.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 204 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 216 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 228 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) +108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 256.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 268.8 R F1<ad66> +2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 280.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 501.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 513.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 513.6 R .878 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 525.6 +E F1(test)108 297.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 309.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 309.6 R .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 321.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 -(primaries described abo)144 537.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E -F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 549.6 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 567.6 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 579.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 591.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 603.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 603.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 615.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 615.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 +(primaries described abo)144 333.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 345.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 363.6 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 375.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F +(used when there are \214v)144 387.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 399.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 399.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 411.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 411.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 627.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 639.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 651.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 663.6 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 423.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 435.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 447.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 459.6 S (pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -675.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 692.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +471.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 488.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(73) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 74 74 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(0a)144 84 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.) --.1 E 2.5(1a)144 108 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 120 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 506.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 518.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 530.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 542.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 132 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)180 -144 R .37(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C -.37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 -F .37(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 -168 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 -(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F -.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 180 Q +E 2.5(2a)144 554.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 566.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 578.4 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 590.4 Q .553 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 +(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 602.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 204 R .236 +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 626.4 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 216 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A -F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 228 R .578(xpression is the res\ -ult of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments) --.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 240 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 E F0(and) -3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 638.4 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 650.4 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 662.4 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 252 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 264 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 276 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 288 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 300 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 312 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1 -(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385 -(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 324 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 348 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 360 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 372 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 390 Q F1(test) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 406.8 Q F0 -1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 406.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 -418.8 Q F1(trap)108 435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .702(The command)144 447.6 R F4(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 -(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4 -(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) -144 459.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E +(three ar)180 674.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +686.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(ar)180 698.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 710.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(76)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 77 77 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(4a)144 84 S +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 96 R .385 +(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 108 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 132 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 +E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 144 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 156 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 174 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or) +2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 +E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 +E F1(times)108 190.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ +imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 190.8 R +(The return status is 0.)144 202.8 Q F1(trap)108 219.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 231.6 R F2(ar) +3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 +(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) +144 243.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 471.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 483.6 Q F0 .581 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 495.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 507.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 +.659(\(the v)144 255.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 267.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 279.6 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 291.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 519.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 531.6 R F4(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.81 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E -(names are case insensiti)144 543.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F2(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648(If a)144 561.6 R F4 -(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F2(EXIT)4.148 E F0 1.648 -(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.649(If a)6.649 F F4(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F2(DEB)144 573.6 Q -(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F F4(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 -1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.167(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.667 E F0 -(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 585.6 Q F4 -(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 597.6 R F2 .146 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 609.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F2 -(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 621.6 Q F4(ar) -3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +(signal. The)144 303.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 315.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E +(names are case insensiti)144 327.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649 +(If a)144 345.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 +1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) +4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) +-.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 +357.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F +F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 +(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 369.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) +2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 381.6 R F3 .145 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 393.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 405.6 Q F2(ar) +3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 633.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 651.6 R F4(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E -F2(ERR)3.46 E F3(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F4(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ -gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 663.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 -675.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F2(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 687.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 699.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 417.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 435.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) +3.771 E F3(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) +-.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ +urns a non\255zero e)144 447.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 +(the follo)144 459.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR) +2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 +(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 +(mand list immediately follo)144 471.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 +(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 711.6 R +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 495.6 R 1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) -3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 723.6 Q +F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 507.6 Q (yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E(74) -192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 75 75 +(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 +(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 +525.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 537.6 R .662 +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 549.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 +566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 578.4 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F1<ad74>144 590.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 602.4 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 614.4 R .118 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 626.4 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 +638.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 +<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 650.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70> +2.612 E F0(and)144 662.4 Q F1<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 +F .731 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61> +144 674.4 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 686.4 R F1<ad70> +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 +(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 698.4 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) +144 710.4 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) +5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) +144.29 E(77)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.095 -(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -84 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 96 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 108 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 -E(y)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0 -(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(]) -A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 136.8 S -.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1 -(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F2<ad74>144 148.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F1 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F1(name)144.36 160.8 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 172.8 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 184.8 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 196.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F2<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666 -(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(search for each)144 208.8 R F1(name)2.612 -E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113 -(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1 -(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113 -(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F2<ad70>2.613 E F0(and)144 220.8 Q F2<ad50> -3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73(If the) -5.23 F F2<ad61>144 232.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2(type) -4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G -(his)-6.749 E .744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the) -144 244.8 R F2<ad70>3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F -.743(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223 -(commands is not consulted when using)144 256.8 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 -6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0 1.223 -(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)144 -268.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5.326 E -F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325(guments are found, f) --.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325(re not)-2.825 F -(found.)144 280.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -309.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243 -(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(ulimit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([) +2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 96 Q .244 +(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 +(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 321.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 108 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F(The) +5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 333.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 -(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 345.6 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -357.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208(\ +hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a sof\ +t limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 132 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +144 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 369.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 156 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 393.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 180 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499 +(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 405.6 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2 -<ad61>144 417.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 417.6 Q F2 -<ad62>144 429.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 429.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F2<ad63>144 441.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 441.6 Q F2<ad64>144 453.6 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 453.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 465.6 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 465.6 Q F2<ad66>144 -477.6 Q F0 -(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -477.6 Q F2<ad69>144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -489.6 Q F2<ad6b>144 501.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 501.6 Q F2 -<ad6c>144 513.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 513.6 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 525.6 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 525.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 537.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ -e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 537.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 549.6 Q F2<ad70>144 561.6 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 561.6 Q F2 -<ad71>144 573.6 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 573.6 Q F2 -<ad72>144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 585.6 -Q F2<ad73>144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 597.6 Q F2<ad74>144 -609.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 609.6 Q F2 -<ad75>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 621.6 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 633.6 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 633.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -645.6 Q F2<ad78>144 657.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 -657.6 Q F2<ad50>144 669.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 -669.6 Q F2<ad54>144 681.6 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 681.6 Q -(If)144 698.4 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F2<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 -(no option is gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F2<ad66> -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F2 -<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 -722.4 R F2<ad70>4.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F2<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F2 -<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F2<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F2<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F2 -<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F2<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C -1.589(hich are)-4.089 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 26)142.895 E -(75)192.055 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 76 76 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.439(unscaled v) -144 84 R 1.439(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438 -(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404 -(return status is 0 unless an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404 -(lid option or ar).25 F .404 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 192 Q 2.5(alue. Other) +-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 204 +Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 204 Q F1<ad62>144 216 Q F0 +(The maximum sock)180 216 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63> +144 228 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 228 Q F1<ad64> +144 240 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 240 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G +(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 252 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 252 Q F1<ad66>144 264 Q +F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +264 Q F1<ad69>144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 276 +Q F1<ad6b>144 288 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 288 Q F1<ad6c> +144 300 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 300 Q(ed into memory) +-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 312 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 312 Q +2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 324 Q +F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ + not allo)180 324 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 336 Q F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 348 Q F1 +<ad71>144 360 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) +180 360 Q F1<ad72>144 372 Q F0 +(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 372 Q F1<ad73>144 384 Q +F0(The maximum stack size)180 384 Q F1<ad74>144 396 Q F0 +(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 396 Q F1<ad75>144 408 Q +F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G +(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 420 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 420 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 432 +Q F1<ad78>144 444 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 444 Q F1 +<ad50>144 456 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 456 Q F1 +<ad54>144 468 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 468 Q(If)144 484.8 +Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the) +.15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 +E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 +(no option is gi)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 +508.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 +<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 +<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C +1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 520.8 R 1.438 +(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E +F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 532.8 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -108 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 136.8 -R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +544.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 573.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 148.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -160.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +pted by)144 585.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +597.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 172.8 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 609.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 184.8 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 196.8 Q +(mode)144.38 621.6 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 633.6 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 225.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +(unalias)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 662.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) 4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +F(remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E (alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 254.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 691.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 (fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 266.4 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 -3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328 +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 703.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 +3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.827 E F0 1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 278.4 Q F0 1.55 -(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 -(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F 4.642(unset. If)144 290.4 R F1 -<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 715.2 Q F0 1.551 +(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 +(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) +4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 727.2 R F1 +<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e> -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 -(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 314.4 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 -F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 -(options are supplied, each)144 326.4 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 -(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 338.4 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G -1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 350.4 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(78)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 79 79 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)144 84 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e> +2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(name)2.537 E F0 .037(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2 +(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0 +(will)2.537 E .492(be unset rather than the v)144 96 R .492 +(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F +.492(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.) +2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F .221(options are supplied, each)144 108 R F2 +(name)2.721 E F0 .221(refers to a v)2.721 F .22 +(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F +2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188(tion with that name is unset.)144 120 +R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G 1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E +3.206(passed to subsequent commands.)144 132 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 -E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 362.4 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 144 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 -374.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 -G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 391.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 403.2 S .026(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ -ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.027 E F2(n)2.887 E F0 .027 -(may be a process ID)2.767 F .256 -(or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 -G .256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256 -(ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E -F2(n)3.116 E F0 .317(is not gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .317 -(n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318 -(hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318 -(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .318(If the)5.318 F F1<ad6e>144 -439.2 Q F0 .362(option is supplied,)2.862 F F1(wait)2.862 E F0 -.1(wa) -2.862 G .362(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .361(xit status.)-.15 F(If) -5.361 E F2(n)3.221 E F0(speci\214es)3.101 E 2.595(an)144 451.2 S(on-e) --2.595 E .095(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F -.096(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 -F(of the last process or job w)144 463.2 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 480 Q F0(If)108 492 Q F1(bash) -4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 -4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.896 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. 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