diff options
| author | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2018-09-17 15:10:56 -0400 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2018-09-17 15:10:56 -0400 |
| commit | 2f5dfe5a18b4670eb4cea32c1c76295eb70a8865 (patch) | |
| tree | bf19e42dcaf6c5cf8e0ce0a1c15d56e8f8a6d675 /doc | |
| parent | 9a51695bed07d37086c352372ac69d0a30039a6b (diff) | |
| download | bash-5.0-beta.tar.gz | |
bash-5.0-beta releasebash-5.0-beta
Diffstat (limited to 'doc')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.0 | 2509 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.1 | 85 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.html | 90 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.info | 778 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.pdf | bin | 373369 -> 375662 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 6798 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.dvi | bin | 761604 -> 765316 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.html | 170 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.info | 778 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.pdf | bin | 747913 -> 751241 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.ps | 7493 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.texi | 87 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/builtins.0 | 1575 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/builtins.ps | 3372 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/rbash.ps | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/version.texi | 6 |
16 files changed, 12138 insertions, 11605 deletions
@@ -382,24 +382,24 @@ SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR An additional binary operator, ==~~, is available, with the same precedence as ==== and !!==. When it is used, the string to the - right of the operator is considered an extended regular expres- - sion and matched accordingly (as in _r_e_g_e_x(3)). The return value - is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the - regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional - expression's return value is 2. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option - is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of - alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to - force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. Bracket - expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully, - since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between - brackets. If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting - the variable expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched - as a string. Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions - within the regular expression are saved in the array variable - BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH. The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index 0 is the - portion of the string matching the entire regular expression. - The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index _n is the portion of the - string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. + right of the operator is considered a POSIX extended regular + expression and matched accordingly (as in _r_e_g_e_x(3)). The return + value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. + If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the condi- + tional expression's return value is 2. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell + option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the + case of alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be + quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. + Bracket expressions in regular expressions must be treated care- + fully, since normal quoting characters lose their meanings + between brackets. If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, + quoting the variable expansion forces the entire pattern to be + matched as a string. Substrings matched by parenthesized subex- + pressions within the regular expression are saved in the array + variable BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH. The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index 0 + is the portion of the string matching the entire regular expres- + sion. The element of BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH with index _n is the portion + of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence: @@ -735,80 +735,86 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS is the first character of the value of the IIFFSS variable. If IIFFSS is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. If IIFFSS is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. - @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When + @@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In + contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each + positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double + quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts + where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single + word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "$$@@" is equivalent to "$$11" - "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, - the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- - ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last - parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. - When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to + "$$22" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, + the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin- + ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last + parameter is joined with the last part of the original word. + When there are no positional parameters, "$$@@" and $$@@ expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed). ## Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. - ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- + ?? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore- ground pipeline. - -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- - tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell + -- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca- + tion, by the sseett builtin command, or those set by the shell itself (such as the --ii option). - $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it - expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- + $$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it + expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub- shell. - !! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into - the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or + !! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into + the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or using the bbgg builtin (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). - 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set + 00 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at shell initialization. If bbaasshh is invoked with a file of com- - mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started - with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after - the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is - set to the filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument + mands, $$00 is set to the name of that file. If bbaasshh is started + with the --cc option, then $$00 is set to the first argument after + the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is + set to the filename used to invoke bbaasshh, as given by argument zero. - __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke - the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- - ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last - argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to - the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and + __ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke + the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi- + ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last + argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to + the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and placed in the environment exported to that command. When check- - ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- + ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur- rently being checked. SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess The following variables are set by the shell: - BBAASSHH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of + BBAASSHH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of bbaasshh. BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --ss option to the sshhoopptt builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sshhoopptt. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. BBAASSHHPPIIDD - Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This - differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells - that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. Assignments to - BBAASSHHPPIIDD have no effect. If BBAASSHHPPIIDD is unset, it loses its spe- + Expands to the process ID of the current bbaasshh process. This + differs from $$$$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells + that do not require bbaasshh to be re-initialized. Assignments to + BBAASSHHPPIIDD have no effect. If BBAASSHHPPIIDD is unset, it loses its spe- cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. - Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, - unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal list of aliases as maintained by the aalliiaass builtin. + Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however, + unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be removed from the alias list. If BBAASSHH__AALLIIAASSEESS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC - An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in + An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each frame of the current bbaasshh execution call stack. The number - of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or - script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. - When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed + of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or + script executed with .. or ssoouurrccee) is at the top of the stack. + When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC. The shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC only when in - extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg - option to the sshhoopptt builtin below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the - shell has started to execute a script may result in inconsistent - values. + extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg + option to the sshhoopptt builtin below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the + shell has started to execute a script, or referencing this vari- + able when eexxttddeebbuugg is not set, may result in inconsistent val- + ues. BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur- rent bbaasshh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last @@ -818,59 +824,60 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS shell sets BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV only when in extended debugging mode (see the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin below). Setting eexxttddeebbuugg after the shell has started to execute - a script may result in inconsistent values. + a script, or referencing this variable when eexxttddeebbuugg is not set, + may result in inconsistent values. BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 - When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell + When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or shell script (identical to $$00; see the description of special - parameter 0 above). Assignment to BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 causes the value - assigned to also be assigned to $$00. If BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 is unset, it + parameter 0 above). Assignment to BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 causes the value + assigned to also be assigned to $$00. If BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV00 is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS - An associative array variable whose members correspond to the - internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh + An associative array variable whose members correspond to the + internal hash table of commands as maintained by the hhaasshh builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; - however, unsetting array elements currently does not cause com- - mand names to be removed from the hash table. If BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + however, unsetting array elements currently does not cause com- + mand names to be removed from the hash table. If BBAASSHH__CCMMDDSS is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMMMAANNDD - The command currently being executed or about to be executed, + The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap, - in which case it is the command executing at the time of the + in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap. BBAASSHH__EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN__SSTTRRIINNGG The command argument to the --cc invocation option. BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO - An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source - files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. + An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source + files where each corresponding member of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE was invoked. $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}} is the line number in the source file ($${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}) where $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called (or - $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- + $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i_-_1]]}} if referenced within another shell func- tion). Use LLIINNEENNOO to obtain the current line number. BBAASSHH__LLOOAADDAABBLLEESS__PPAATTHH - A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks - for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the eennaabbllee com- + A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks + for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the eennaabbllee com- mand. BBAASSHH__RREEMMAATTCCHH - An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary - operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index - 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular - expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the + An array variable whose members are assigned by the ==~~ binary + operator to the [[[[ conditional command. The element with index + 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular + expression. The element with index _n is the portion of the string matching the _nth parenthesized subexpression. This vari- able is read-only. BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE - An array variable whose members are the source filenames where - the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array - variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is - defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from + An array variable whose members are the source filenames where + the corresponding shell function names in the FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE array + variable are defined. The shell function $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} is + defined in the file $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i]]}} and called from $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}}. BBAASSHH__SSUUBBSSHHEELLLL - Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment - when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini- + Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment + when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini- tial value is 0. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO A readonly array variable whose members hold version information - for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array + for this instance of bbaasshh. The values assigned to the array members are as follows: BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[0]] The major version number (the _r_e_l_e_a_s_e). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[1]] The minor version number (the _v_e_r_s_i_o_n). @@ -879,137 +886,137 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[4]] The release status (e.g., _b_e_t_a_1). BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIINNFFOO[[5]] The value of MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE. BBAASSHH__VVEERRSSIIOONN - Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of + Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of bbaasshh. CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD - An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current + An index into $${{CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS}} of the word containing the current cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur- rent completion function. CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE - The current command line. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- + The current command line. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- mable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT - The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- - ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is + The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin- + ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is - equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- + equal to $${{##CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE}}. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- mable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE - Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion - attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, - for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- - sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- - tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or - _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in - shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- + Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion + attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _T_A_B, + for normal completion, _?, for listing completions after succes- + sive tabs, _!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple- + tion, _@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or + _%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in + shell functions and external commands invoked by the program- mable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word - separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS - is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + The set of characters that the rreeaaddlliinnee library treats as word + separators when performing word completion. If CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS + is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- - ual words in the current command line. The line is split into - words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) consisting of the individ- + ual words in the current command line. The line is split into + words as rreeaaddlliinnee would split it, using CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS as described above. This variable is available only in shell func- - tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see + tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). - CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file - descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess + CCOOPPRROOCC An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the file + descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see CCoopprroocceesssseess above). DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing the current con- - tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack - in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning + tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack + in the order they are displayed by the ddiirrss builtin. Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo- - ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must + ries already in the stack, but the ppuusshhdd and ppooppdd builtins must be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari- - able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is - unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- + able will not change the current directory. If DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK is + unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse- quently reset. EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number - of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)) as a floating + of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)) as a floating point value with micro-second granularity. Assignments to - EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE is unset, it loses + EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHRREEAALLTTIIMMEE is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number - of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)). Assignments to - EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses + of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _t_i_m_e(3)). Assignments to + EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS are ignored. If EEPPOOCCHHSSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- + EEUUIIDD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial- ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE - An array variable containing the names of all shell functions + An array variable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot- - tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". - This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. - Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently + tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main". + This variable exists only when a shell function is executing. + Assignments to FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE have no effect. If FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE is unset, + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. - This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. - Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in - BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For - instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file - $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The + This variable can be used with BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE. + Each element of FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE has corresponding elements in + BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO and BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE to describe the call stack. For + instance, $${{FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE[[_$_i]]}} was called from the file + $${{BBAASSHH__SSOOUURRCCEE[[_$_i_+_1]]}} at line number $${{BBAASSHH__LLIINNEENNOO[[_$_i]]}}. The ccaalllleerr builtin displays the current call stack using this infor- mation. - GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the + GGRROOUUPPSS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a member. Assignments to GGRROOUUPPSS have no effect. - If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it + If GGRROOUUPPSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHIISSTTCCMMDD The history number, or index in the history list, of the current - command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, + command. If HHIISSTTCCMMDD is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. HHOOSSTTNNAAMMEE Automatically set to the name of the current host. HHOOSSTTTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type - of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- + Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type + of machine on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system- dependent. - LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a - decimal number representing the current sequential line number - (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a - script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to + LLIINNEENNOO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a + decimal number representing the current sequential line number + (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a + script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful. If LLIINNEENNOO is unset, it loses its special proper- ties, even if it is subsequently reset. MMAACCHHTTYYPPEE - Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system - type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- + Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system + type on which bbaasshh is executing, in the standard GNU _c_p_u_-_c_o_m_- _p_a_n_y_-_s_y_s_t_e_m format. The default is system-dependent. MMAAPPFFIILLEE - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) created to hold the text read by the mmaappffiillee builtin when no variable name is supplied. OOLLDDPPWWDD The previous working directory as set by the ccdd command. - OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTAARRGG The value of the last option argument processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss + OOPPTTIINNDD The index of the next argument to be processed by the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- - tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- + OOSSTTYYPPEE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys- + tem on which bbaasshh is executing. The default is system-depen- dent. PPIIPPEESSTTAATTUUSS - An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit - status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed + An array variable (see AArrrraayyss below) containing a list of exit + status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command). - PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- + PPPPIIDD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read- only. PPWWDD The current working directory as set by the ccdd command. RRAANNDDOOMM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between 0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a value to RRAANNDDOOMM. If RRAANNDDOOMM is unset, - it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently + it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE The contents of the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" @@ -1017,197 +1024,202 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT The position of the insertion point in the rreeaaddlliinnee line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when + RREEPPLLYY Set to the line of input read by the rreeaadd builtin command when no arguments are supplied. SSEECCOONNDDSS - Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds - since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to - SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the - number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. + Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds + since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to + SSEECCOONNDDSS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the + number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned. If SSEECCOONNDDSS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset. SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS - A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in - the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett + A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in + the list is a valid argument for the --oo option to the sseett builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). The options - appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If - this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each - shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any + appearing in SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS are those reported as _o_n by sseett --oo. If + this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts up, each + shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any startup files. This variable is read-only. SSHHLLVVLL Incremented by one each time an instance of bbaasshh is started. UUIIDD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup. This variable is readonly. - The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh + The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, bbaasshh assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below. BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT - The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See - the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN - CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the various compatibility levels - and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g., - 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com- - patibility level. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is unset or set to the empty - string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the - current version. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is set to a value that is not + The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See + the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN + CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the various compatibility levels + and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g., + 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com- + patibility level. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is unset or set to the empty + string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the + current version. If BBAASSHH__CCOOMMPPAATT is set to a value that is not one of the valid compatibility levels, the shell prints an error - message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the - current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to - the compatibility options accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin + message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the + current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to + the compatibility options accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin described below (for example, ccoommppaatt4422 means that 4.2 and 42 are valid values). The current version is also a valid value. BBAASSHH__EENNVV - If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, - its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to + If this parameter is set when bbaasshh is executing a shell script, + its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to initialize the shell, as in _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c. The value of BBAASSHH__EENNVV is - subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and - arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename. + subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and + arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename. PPAATTHH is not used to search for the resultant filename. BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD - If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, - bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is - enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed - when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting - BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace - output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting + If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, + bbaasshh will write the trace output generated when _s_e_t _-_x is + enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed + when BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting + BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace + output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting BBAASSHH__XXTTRRAACCEEFFDD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed. - CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated - list of directories in which the shell looks for destination - directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is + CCDDPPAATTHH The search path for the ccdd command. This is a colon-separated + list of directories in which the shell looks for destination + directories specified by the ccdd command. A sample value is ".:~:/usr". CCHHIILLDD__MMAAXX - Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to - remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below - a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur- - rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is + Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to + remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below + a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur- + rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is system-dependent. CCOOLLUUMMNNSS - Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal - width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the - cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon + Used by the sseelleecctt compound command to determine the terminal + width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the + cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a SSIIGGWWIINNCCHH. CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY An array variable from which bbaasshh reads the possible completions - generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- - pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). Each + generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com- + pletion facility (see PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn below). Each array element contains one possible completion. - EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell - starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in + EEMMAACCSS If bbaasshh finds this variable in the environment when the shell + starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing. - EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX - mode. + EENNVV Similar to BBAASSHH__EENNVV; used when the shell is invoked in _p_o_s_i_x + _m_o_d_e. EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) - defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search - using PPAATTHH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat- - terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of + A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg) + defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search + using PPAATTHH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat- + terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of completion and command execution via PPAATTHH lookup. This does not affect the behavior of the [[, tteesstt, and [[[[ commands. Full path- - names in the command hash table are not subject to EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE. - Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the - executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern + names in the command hash table are not subject to EEXXEECCIIGGNNOORREE. + Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the + executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. FFCCEEDDIITT The default editor for the ffcc builtin command. FFIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing + A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing filename completion (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). A filename whose suf- - fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the + fix matches one of the entries in FFIIGGNNOORREE is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~". FFUUNNCCNNEESSTT - If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum - function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this + If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum + function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level will cause the current command to abort. GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file - names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name - matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the + A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file + names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name + matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE, it is removed from the list of matches. HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL - A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are - saved on the history list. If the list of values includes - _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not - saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines + A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are + saved on the history list. If the list of values includes + _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e, lines which begin with a ssppaaccee character are not + saved in the history list. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of _i_g_n_o_r_e_b_o_t_h is shorthand for _i_g_n_o_r_e_s_p_a_c_e and _i_g_n_o_r_e_d_u_p_s. A value of _e_r_a_s_e_d_u_p_s causes all previous lines matching the current line - to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. - Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is - unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the + to be removed from the history list before that line is saved. + Any value not in the above list is ignored. If HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL is + unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value - of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line - compound command are not tested, and are added to the history + of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line + compound command are not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL. HHIISSTTFFIILLEE The name of the file in which command history is saved (see HHIISS-- - TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, + TTOORRYY below). The default value is _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y. If unset, the command history is not saved when a shell exits. HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When - this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- - cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of - lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also - truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If - the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. - Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit - truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of + this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun- + cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of + lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also + truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If + the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size. + Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit + truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE - A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command - lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is - anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- - plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is - tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- - TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern + A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command + lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is + anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com- + plete line (no implicit `**' is appended). Each pattern is + tested against the line after the checks specified by HHIISSTTCCOONN-- + TTRROOLL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `&&' matches the previous history line. `&&' - may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed + may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the - history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern + history regardless of the value of HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE - The number of commands to remember in the command history (see - HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in + The number of commands to remember in the command history (see + HHIISSTTOORRYY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every - command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). - The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any + command being saved on the history list (there is no limit). + The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files. HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a + If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to print the time stamp associated - with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If - this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history - file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses - the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from + with each history entry displayed by the hhiissttoorryy builtin. If + this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history + file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses + the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines. HHOOMMEE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the ccdd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion. HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE - Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s + Contains the name of a file in the same format as _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname. - The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while - the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is - attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of - the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has - no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to - read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- + The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while + the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is + attempted after the value is changed, bbaasshh adds the contents of + the new file to the existing list. If HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is set, but has + no value, or does not name a readable file, bbaasshh attempts to + read _/_e_t_c_/_h_o_s_t_s to obtain the list of possible hostname comple- tions. When HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE is unset, the hostname list is cleared. - IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting - after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd + IIFFSS The _I_n_t_e_r_n_a_l _F_i_e_l_d _S_e_p_a_r_a_t_o_r that is used for word splitting + after expansion and to split lines into words with the rreeaadd builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new- line>''. IIGGNNOORREEEEOOFF Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an EEOOFF character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of - consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first - characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable - exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the - default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the + consecutive EEOOFF characters which must be typed as the first + characters on an input line before bbaasshh exits. If the variable + exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the + default value is 10. If it does not exist, EEOOFF signifies the end of input to the shell. IINNPPUUTTRRCC - The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the + The filename for the rreeaaddlliinnee startup file, overriding the default of _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE below). + IINNSSIIDDEE__EEMMAACCSS + If this variable appears in the environment when the shell + starts, bbaasshh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell + buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of + TTEERRMM. LLAANNGG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with LLCC__. LLCC__AALLLL This variable overrides the value of LLAANNGG and any other LLCC__ @@ -1273,39 +1285,40 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the - command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. + command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. When the shell enters + _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, it sets this variable if it was not already set. PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM - If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the + If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding - the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). + the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. - PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and + PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and before the command is executed. - PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is + PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``\\ss--\\vv\\$$ ''. - PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as + PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>> ''. PPSS33 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the sseelleecctt command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). - PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the - value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an - execution trace. The first character of the expanded value of + PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the + value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an + execution trace. The first character of the expanded value of PPSS44 is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate mul- tiple levels of indirection. The default is ``++ ''. SSHHEELLLL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari- - able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to + able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- - ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the - ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- - duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or - other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are + The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- + ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the + ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- + duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or + other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions. %%%% A literal %%. %%[[_p]][[ll]]RR The elapsed time in seconds. @@ -1313,77 +1326,77 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS %%[[_p]][[ll]]SS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. %%PP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. - The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number + The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places - after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater - than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is + after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater + than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of - the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not + The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of + the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value - $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, + If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value + $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. - TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the + TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the default timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- nates if input does not arrive after TTMMOOUUTT seconds when input is - coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is + coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting - for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not + for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which bbaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and - job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- + job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump- tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; - if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, - the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a - stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start - it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match - the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the - string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a - stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- - gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set - to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a + if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, + the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a + stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start + it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match + the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the + string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a + stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- + gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set + to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the %%_s_t_r_i_n_g job identifier. hhiissttcchhaarrss - The two or three characters which control history expansion and + The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). The first character - is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals - the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second - character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as - shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- - tuting one string for another in the command. The default is - `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- - cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as - the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- + is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals + the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second + character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as + shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- + tuting one string for another in the command. The default is + `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- + cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as + the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the - remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the + remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. - Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will - explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of - an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- - tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. + Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will + explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of + an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- + tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref- erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers. - An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned + An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly - declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- + declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- + MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- _s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. @@ -1391,141 +1404,141 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but _s_t_r_i_n_g. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and - subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index - of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement + subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index + of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required. - This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array - elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax - introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- - scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative - to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices + This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array + elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax + introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- + scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative + to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These - subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These + subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of - the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined - with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the - expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- - ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of - an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- - preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, - so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the + expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of + the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined + with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the + expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss + above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- + ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of + an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- + preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, + so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref- - erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable + erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable using a valid subscript is legal, and bbaasshh will create an array if nec- essary. - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the - values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in + It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the + values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in array variable _n_a_m_e. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the special parameters _@ and _* within double quotes. - The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] - destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t, for both indexed and - associative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are inter- - preted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array - variable does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an + The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] + destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t, for both indexed and + associative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are inter- + preted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array + variable does not unset the variable. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, removes the entire array. - When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- - mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax - described above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If + When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com- + mand, such as with uunnsseett, without using the word expansion syntax + described above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If pathname expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative - array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative + array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter - and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution - (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- sion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as - tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. - After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the - original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves + After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the + original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves (_q_u_o_t_e _r_e_m_o_v_a_l). - Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can - increase the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand - a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the - expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}", and, in most cases, $$** and + Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can + increase the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand + a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the + expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}", and, in most cases, $$** and $${{_n_a_m_e[[**]]}} as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, - is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to - each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- - fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x - or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated - terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- - sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each - character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the - default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. - When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, + is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to + each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- + fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x + or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated + terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- + sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each + character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the + default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. + When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and - closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence - expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence + expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and inhibits brace expansion until the closing }}. @@ -1536,36 +1549,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1573,10 +1586,15 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is - also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in - assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the + also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in + assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the expanded value. + Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions + of variable assignments (as described above under PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) when they + appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except + for the _d_e_c_l_a_r_a_t_i_o_n commands listed above, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e. + PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded @@ -1598,18 +1616,18 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN (AArrrraayyss). If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of variable indirec- - tion. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded - and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The - value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command sub- - stitution, and arithmetic expansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this - expands to the name of the variable referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of - performing the complete indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are - the expansions of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The - exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to - introduce indirection. + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of indirection. BBaasshh + uses the value formed by expanding the rest of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the new + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of + the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The value is subject to tilde + expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + expansion. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the + parameter referenced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete + indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of + ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point + must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec- + tion. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. @@ -2701,7 +2719,7 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of - the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh + the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, bbaasshh clears the --ee option in such subshells. If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the @@ -4379,71 +4397,78 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] - ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...] + ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEEII] [_n_a_m_e ...] Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- - pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' - command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command - for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE - option indicates that the remaining options and actions should - apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion - attempted on a blank line. - - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- + pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that other sup- + plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com- + mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for + which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option + indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply + to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted + on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied + options and actions should apply to completion on the inital + non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter + such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. If + multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence + over --EE, and both take precedence over --II. If any of --DD, --EE, or + --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored; these + completions only apply to the case specified by the option. + + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- mmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words - if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the + nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words + if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the default). - nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible + nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible completions alphabetically. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -4451,7 +4476,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -4460,17 +4485,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -4479,190 +4504,194 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When the function is executed, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose - arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When the function is executed, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose + arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33) - is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. When it finishes, the possible - completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- + is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. When it finishes, the possible + completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- PPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain - shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. - The possible completions are the members of the resul- + shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. + The possible completions are the members of the resul- tant list which match the word being completed. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. - ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] + ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion - has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the - remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; - that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that other + supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option + indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion + on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- + mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name + completion. + + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used - with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, - are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it - will display the attributes and values of all variables having + with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, + are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it + will display the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other - options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the - attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option - will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option - inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function - name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option - is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number + options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the + attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option + will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option + inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function + name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option + is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where each _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option - implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or + implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a - shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- + shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- ing options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. - --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name - reference to another variable. That other variable is - defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- - ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those - using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed - on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref + --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name + reference to another variable. That other variable is + defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- + ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those + using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed + on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref attribute cannot be applied to array variables. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used + able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a vari- - able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is - set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment - syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not + able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is + set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment + syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0 - unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to - define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to - assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to - assign a value to an array variable without using the compound - assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a - valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- - only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn + unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to + define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to + assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to + assign a value to an array variable without using the compound + assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a + valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- + only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes - entries from the list. The current directory is always the + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + entries from the list. The current directory is always the first directory in the stack. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default + --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... | _p_i_d ... ] - Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active - jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr - option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option - is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is - marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell - receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option - means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- - _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return + Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active + jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr + option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option + is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is + marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell + receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option + means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- + _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. - The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the --ee option - is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped - characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- - tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are - interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used - to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these - escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to - mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape + is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped + characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- + tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are + interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used + to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these + escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to + mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -4675,190 +4704,190 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the - file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if - eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take - effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if + eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take + effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported - variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported + variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one - of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- + of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- plied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t - from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes - them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate - the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an - index into the history list, where a negative number is used as - an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not + The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t + from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes + them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate + the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an + index into the history list, where a negative number is used as + an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that - ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- + ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous com- mand for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as - _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', - so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as + _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', + so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -4876,53 +4905,53 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history position, so negative indices count - back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d - Delete the history entries between positions _s_t_a_r_t and - _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t + Delete the history entries between positions _s_t_a_r_t and + _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. - These are history lines entered since the beginning of + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. + These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -4931,210 +4960,210 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is - equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was - successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are - restored to their original values when the function returns. - With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the - standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are + restored to their original values when the function returns. + With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the + standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used outside a - function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly + function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC + mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, mmaappffiillee will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee. - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no - argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had - been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no + argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had + been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behavior. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two - directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two + directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the - new current working directory as if it had been supplied + new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument to the ccdd builtin. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split - into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split + into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to - the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input - stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- - ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into + the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input + stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- + ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char- - acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, + acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -5142,31 +5171,31 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty - string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was - not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- line's default filename completion. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -5174,131 +5203,131 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd - returns immediately, without trying to read any data. - The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- - fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd + returns immediately, without trying to read any data. + The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- + fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is + able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater - than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a + than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup- plied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If - no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If + no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If - rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to - determine the status is the last command executed before the - trap handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - last command used to determine the status is the last command - executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If - rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a - script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop - executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of - the last command executed within the script as the exit status - of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least - significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is - supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function - and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- - mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If + rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to + determine the status is the last command executed before the + trap handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + last command used to determine the status is the last command + executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If + rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a + script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop + executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of + the last command executed within the script as the exit status + of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least + significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is + supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function + and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- + mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- tion resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: --aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is - given the export attribute and marked for export to the + given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status. - The shell does not exit if the command that fails is - part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee - or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or - eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a - &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& + The shell does not exit if the command that fails is + part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee + or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or + eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a + &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a - compound command other than a subshell returns a non- - zero status because a command failed while --ee was being - ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if - set, is executed before the shell exits. This option + command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a + compound command other than a subshell returns a non- + zero status because a command failed while --ee was being + ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if + set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job com- pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta- tus. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -5306,10 +5335,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -5323,8 +5352,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -5339,384 +5368,384 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set; if _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output - is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to - be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other + is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee - If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of - associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres- - sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of + associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres- + sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can perform variable assignments. - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external - (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external + (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows - easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is - enabled by default, but only has an effect if command + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows + easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is + enabled by default, but only has an effect if command history is enabled, as described above under HHIISSTTOORRYY. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional command's ==~~ operator and locale-specific string compar- - ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> - operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII + ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> + operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur- rent locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a - command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue - with the next command in the list after one terminates + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue + with the next command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt. ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- - rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later - interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- - rupt; previous versions continue with the next command + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- + rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later + interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- + rupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. ccoommppaatt4411 - If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote - in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special - character. The single quotes must match (an even num- - ber) and the characters between the single quotes are - considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode - through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains + If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, treats a single quote + in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special + character. The single quotes must match (an even num- + ber) and the characters between the single quotes are + considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode + through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. ccoommppaatt4422 - If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in - the pattern substitution word expansion using quote + If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in + the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal. ccoommppaatt4433 - If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an - attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- - ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion - errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command - to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal + If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an + attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- + ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion + errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command + to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset - the loop state when a shell function is executed (this - allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect + the loop state when a shell function is executed (this + allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect loops in the caller's context). ccoommppaatt4444 - If set, bbaasshh saves the positional parameters to + If set, bbaasshh saves the positional parameters to BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC before they are used, regardless of whether or not extended debugging mode is enabled. ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that - expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that + expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. - This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- - fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. + This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- + fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in - the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' - and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' + and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the - debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to - the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav- + If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the + debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to + the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav- ior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell simulates a call to rreettuurrnn. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave - as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave + as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating - sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- - late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case + sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- + late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt - If set, command substitution inherits the value of the - eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell - environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is + If set, command substitution inherits the value of the + eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell + environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooccaallvvaarr__iinnhheerriitt If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous - scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref + scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref attribute is not inherited. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi- - tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- + tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- pletions as part of programmable completion. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -5724,50 +5753,50 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -5784,120 +5813,120 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- graphically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- ishes executing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using - !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar- - ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is - used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable + ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is + used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is - not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell + not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -5906,12 +5935,12 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -5920,53 +5949,53 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte - blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; - and, when in Posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte + blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; + and, when in posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu- ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each - unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each + unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- @@ -5974,23 +6003,23 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if - a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If _i_d is not given, all currently active child pro- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the --nn - option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and - returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job + option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and + returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt forces _i_d to terminate before returning - its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at - invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used - to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It - behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are + invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used + to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It + behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed: +o changing directories with ccdd @@ -5999,16 +6028,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o specifying command names containing // - +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. + +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the .. builtin command - +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the + +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the --pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command - +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at + +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup - +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at + +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at startup +o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect- @@ -6017,10 +6046,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL +o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another command - +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options + +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options to the eennaabbllee builtin command - +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell + +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins +o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command @@ -6030,14 +6059,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read. When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell + MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the script. SSEEEE AALLSSOO _B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey _T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey - _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- + _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_- _t_i_e_s, IEEE -- http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/ http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode @@ -6055,7 +6084,7 @@ FFIILLEESS _~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c The individual per-interactive-shell startup file _~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t - The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login + The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file @@ -6069,14 +6098,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should - make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest - version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from + make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest + version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from _f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/. - Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g - command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged - to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may - be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup + Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g + command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged + to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may + be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg. ALL bug reports should include: @@ -6087,7 +6116,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS A description of the bug behaviour A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug - _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template + _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template it provides for filing a bug report. Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed @@ -6104,10 +6133,10 @@ BBUUGGSS Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable. Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not - handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a - process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in - the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between - parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a + handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a + process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in + the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between + parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit. Array variables may not (yet) be exported. @@ -6116,4 +6145,4 @@ BBUUGGSS -GNU Bash 5.0 2018 March 15 BASH(1) +GNU Bash 5.0 2018 August 7 BASH(1) @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ .\" Case Western Reserve University .\" chet.ramey@case.edu .\" -.\" Last Change: Thu Mar 15 11:30:03 EDT 2018 +.\" Last Change: Tue Aug 7 12:01:07 EDT 2018 .\" .\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section .if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ .if \n(zY=1 .ig zY -.TH BASH 1 "2018 March 15" "GNU Bash 5.0" +.TH BASH 1 "2018 August 7" "GNU Bash 5.0" .\" .\" There's some problem with having a `@' .\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros. @@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ to be matched as a string. An additional binary operator, \fB=~\fP, is available, with the same precedence as \fB==\fP and \fB!=\fP. When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered -an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in \fIregex\fP(3)). +a POSIX extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in \fIregex\fP(3)). The return value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional @@ -1357,7 +1357,14 @@ If is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. .TP .B @ -Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the +Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. +In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each +positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double +quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. +In contexts where word splitting is not performed, +this expands to a single word +with each positional parameter separated by a space. +When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "\fB$@\fP" is equivalent to "\fB$1\fP" "\fB$2\fP" ... @@ -1499,7 +1506,8 @@ only when in extended debugging mode (see the description of the option to the .B shopt builtin below). -Setting \fBextdebug\fP after the shell has started to execute a script +Setting \fBextdebug\fP after the shell has started to execute a script, +or referencing this variable when \fBextdebug\fP is not set, may result in inconsistent values. .TP .B BASH_ARGV @@ -1519,7 +1527,8 @@ only when in extended debugging mode option to the .B shopt builtin below). -Setting \fBextdebug\fP after the shell has started to execute a script +Setting \fBextdebug\fP after the shell has started to execute a script, +or referencing this variable when \fBextdebug\fP is not set, may result in inconsistent values. .TP .B BASH_ARGV0 @@ -2072,7 +2081,7 @@ line editing. Similar to .SM .BR BASH_ENV ; -used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode. +used when the shell is invoked in \fIposix mode\fP. .TP .B EXECIGNORE A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see \fBPattern Matching\fP) @@ -2277,6 +2286,11 @@ startup file, overriding the default of .B READLINE below). .TP +.B INSIDE_EMACS +If this variable appears in the environment when the shell starts, +\fBbash\fP assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell buffer +and may disable line editing, depending on the value of \fBTERM\fP. +.TP .B LANG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with \fBLC_\fP. @@ -2400,6 +2414,8 @@ running, \fBbash\fP enables \fIposix mode\fP, as if the command .if t \f(CWset -o posix\fP .if n \fIset -o posix\fP had been executed. +When the shell enters \fIposix mode\fP, it sets this variable if it was +not already set. .TP .B PROMPT_COMMAND If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary @@ -2914,6 +2930,14 @@ and .SM .BR CDPATH , and the shell assigns the expanded value. +.PP +Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of +variable assignments (as described above under +.SM +.BR PARAMETERS ) +when they appear as arguments to simple commands. +Bash does not do this, except for the \fIdeclaration\fP commands listed +above, when in \fIposix mode\fP. .SS Parameter Expansion .PP The `\fB$\fP' character introduces parameter expansion, @@ -2945,16 +2969,16 @@ The \fIparameter\fP is a shell parameter as described above .PP If the first character of \fIparameter\fP is an exclamation point (\fB!\fP), and \fIparameter\fP is not a \fInameref\fP, -it introduces a level of variable indirection. -\fBBash\fP uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of -\fIparameter\fP as the name of the variable; this variable is then -expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather -than the value of \fIparameter\fP itself. +it introduces a level of indirection. +\fBBash\fP uses the value formed by expanding the rest of +\fIparameter\fP as the new \fIparameter\fP; this is then +expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather +than the expansion of the original \fIparameter\fP. This is known as \fIindirect expansion\fP. The value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. If \fIparameter\fP is a nameref, this expands to the name of the -variable referenced by \fIparameter\fP instead of performing the +parameter referenced by \fIparameter\fP instead of performing the complete indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP} and ${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]} described below. @@ -4821,7 +4845,7 @@ subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment cannot affect the shell's execution environment. .PP Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of -the \fB\-e\fP option from the parent shell. When not in \fIposix\fP mode, +the \fB\-e\fP option from the parent shell. When not in \fIposix mode\fP, \fBbash\fP clears the \fB\-e\fP option in such subshells. .PP If a command is followed by a \fB&\fP and job control is not active, the @@ -7640,12 +7664,12 @@ will be displayed. The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. .TP -\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP] +\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-DEI\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP] .br [\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP] .PD 0 .TP -\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] +\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fB\-DEI\fP] [\fIname\fP ...] .PD Specify how arguments to each \fIname\fP should be completed. If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, @@ -7654,12 +7678,21 @@ them to be reused as input. The \fB\-r\fP option removes a completion specification for each \fIname\fP, or, if no \fIname\fPs are supplied, all completion specifications. -The \fB\-D\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should +The \fB\-D\fP option indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. -The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should +The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The \fB\-I\fP option indicates that other supplied options and actions should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after +a command delimiter such as \fB;\fP or \fB|\fP, which is usually command +name completion. +If multiple options are supplied, the \fB\-D\fP option takes precedence +over \fB\-E\fP, and both take precedence over \fB\-I\fP. +If any of \fB\-D\fP, \fB\-E\fP, or \fB\-I\fP are supplied, any other +\fIname\fP arguments are ignored; these completions only apply to the case +specified by the option. .sp 1 The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above under \fBProgrammable Completion\fP. @@ -7855,7 +7888,7 @@ a \fIname\fP for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. .RE .TP -\fBcompopt\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP] +\fBcompopt\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fB\-DEI\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP] Modify completion options for each \fIname\fP according to the \fIoption\fPs, or for the currently-executing completion if no \fIname\fPs are supplied. @@ -7863,12 +7896,16 @@ If no \fIoption\fPs are given, display the completion options for each \fIname\fP or the current completion. The possible values of \fIoption\fP are those valid for the \fBcomplete\fP builtin described above. -The \fB\-D\fP option indicates that the remaining options should +The \fB\-D\fP option indicates that other supplied options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. -The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options should +The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that other supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The \fB\-I\fP option indicates that other supplied options should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, +or after a command delimiter such as \fB;\fP or \fB|\fP, which is usually +command name completion. .sp 1 The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a \fIname\fP for which no completion @@ -9271,7 +9308,7 @@ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot be reset. -In \fIposix\fP mode, only shell variables are listed. +In \fIposix mode\fP, only shell variables are listed. The output is sorted according to the current locale. When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any arguments remaining after option processing are treated @@ -9817,7 +9854,7 @@ interrupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. .B compat41 If set, .BR bash , -when in \fIposix\fP mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted +when in \fIposix mode\fP, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match (an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1. @@ -10589,7 +10626,7 @@ which is in units of 512-byte blocks; and .BR \-u , which are unscaled values; -and, when in Posix mode, +and, when in posix mode, .B \-c and .BR \-f , diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 54b42fec..08e1b4a4 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ </HEAD> <BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 March 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 August 7<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A> @@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ to be matched as a string. An additional binary operator, <B>=~</B>, is available, with the same precedence as <B>==</B> and <B>!=</B>. When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered -an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in <I>regex</I>(3)). +a POSIX extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in <I>regex</I>(3)). The return value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional @@ -1738,7 +1738,14 @@ is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. <DT><B>@</B> <DD> -Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the +Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. +In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each +positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double +quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. +In contexts where word splitting is not performed, +this expands to a single word +with each positional parameter separated by a space. +When the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "<B>$@</B>" is equivalent to "<B>$1</B>" "<B>$2</B>" ... @@ -1922,7 +1929,8 @@ option to the <B>shopt</B> builtin below). -Setting <B>extdebug</B> after the shell has started to execute a script +Setting <B>extdebug</B> after the shell has started to execute a script, +or referencing this variable when <B>extdebug</B> is not set, may result in inconsistent values. <DT><B>BASH_ARGV</B> @@ -1947,7 +1955,8 @@ option to the <B>shopt</B> builtin below). -Setting <B>extdebug</B> after the shell has started to execute a script +Setting <B>extdebug</B> after the shell has started to execute a script, +or referencing this variable when <B>extdebug</B> is not set, may result in inconsistent values. <DT><B>BASH_ARGV0</B> @@ -2634,7 +2643,7 @@ Similar to <FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ENV</B>; </FONT> -used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode. +used when the shell is invoked in <I>posix mode</I>. <DT><B>EXECIGNORE</B> <DD> @@ -2887,6 +2896,12 @@ startup file, overriding the default of </FONT> below). +<DT><B>INSIDE_EMACS</B> + +<DD> +If this variable appears in the environment when the shell starts, +<B>bash</B> assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell buffer +and may disable line editing, depending on the value of <B>TERM</B>. <DT><B>LANG</B> <DD> @@ -3043,6 +3058,8 @@ running, <B>bash</B> enables <I>posix mode</I>, as if the command <TT>set -o posix</TT> had been executed. +When the shell enters <I>posix mode</I>, it sets this variable if it was +not already set. <DT><B>PROMPT_COMMAND</B> <DD> @@ -3698,6 +3715,16 @@ and </FONT> and the shell assigns the expanded value. +<P> + +Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of +variable assignments (as described above under +<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PARAMETERS</B>) + +</FONT> +when they appear as arguments to simple commands. +Bash does not do this, except for the <I>declaration</I> commands listed +above, when in <I>posix mode</I>. <A NAME="lbBB"> </A> <H4>Parameter Expansion</H4> @@ -3738,16 +3765,16 @@ The <I>parameter</I> is a shell parameter as described above If the first character of <I>parameter</I> is an exclamation point (<B>!</B>), and <I>parameter</I> is not a <I>nameref</I>, -it introduces a level of variable indirection. -<B>Bash</B> uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of -<I>parameter</I> as the name of the variable; this variable is then -expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather -than the value of <I>parameter</I> itself. +it introduces a level of indirection. +<B>Bash</B> uses the value formed by expanding the rest of +<I>parameter</I> as the new <I>parameter</I>; this is then +expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather +than the expansion of the original <I>parameter</I>. This is known as <I>indirect expansion</I>. The value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. If <I>parameter</I> is a nameref, this expands to the name of the -variable referenced by <I>parameter</I> instead of performing the +parameter referenced by <I>parameter</I> instead of performing the complete indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${<B>!</B><I>prefix</I><B>*</B>} and ${<B>!</B><I>name</I>[<I>@</I>]} described below. @@ -6125,7 +6152,7 @@ cannot affect the shell's execution environment. <P> Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of -the <B>-e</B> option from the parent shell. When not in <I>posix</I> mode, +the <B>-e</B> option from the parent shell. When not in <I>posix mode</I>, <B>bash</B> clears the <B>-e</B> option in such subshells. <P> @@ -9745,12 +9772,12 @@ will be displayed. <P> The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. -<DT><B>complete</B> [<B>-abcdefgjksuv</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I>] [<B>-DE</B>] [<B>-A</B> <I>action</I>] [<B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I>] [<B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I>] [<B>-F</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>command</I>]<DD> +<DT><B>complete</B> [<B>-abcdefgjksuv</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I>] [<B>-DEI</B>] [<B>-A</B> <I>action</I>] [<B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I>] [<B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I>] [<B>-F</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>command</I>]<DD> <BR> [<B>-X</B> <I>filterpat</I>] [<B>-P</B> <I>prefix</I>] [<B>-S</B> <I>suffix</I>] <I>name</I> [<I>name ...</I>] -<DT><B>complete</B> <B>-pr</B> [<B>-DE</B>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD> +<DT><B>complete</B> <B>-pr</B> [<B>-DEI</B>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD> Specify how arguments to each <I>name</I> should be completed. If the <B>-p</B> option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, @@ -9759,12 +9786,21 @@ them to be reused as input. The <B>-r</B> option removes a completion specification for each <I>name</I>, or, if no <I>name</I>s are supplied, all completion specifications. -The <B>-D</B> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should +The <B>-D</B> option indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. -The <B>-E</B> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should +The <B>-E</B> option indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The <B>-I</B> option indicates that other supplied options and actions should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after +a command delimiter such as <B>;</B> or <B>|</B>, which is usually command +name completion. +If multiple options are supplied, the <B>-D</B> option takes precedence +over <B>-E</B>, and both take precedence over <B>-I</B>. +If any of <B>-D</B>, <B>-E</B>, or <B>-I</B> are supplied, any other +<I>name</I> arguments are ignored; these completions only apply to the case +specified by the option. <P> The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above under <B>Programmable Completion</B>. @@ -9995,7 +10031,7 @@ a <I>name</I> for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. </DL> -<DT><B>compopt</B> [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<B>-DE</B>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>name</I>]<DD> +<DT><B>compopt</B> [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<B>-DEI</B>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>name</I>]<DD> Modify completion options for each <I>name</I> according to the <I>option</I>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <I>name</I>s are supplied. @@ -10003,12 +10039,16 @@ If no <I>option</I>s are given, display the completion options for each <I>name</I> or the current completion. The possible values of <I>option</I> are those valid for the <B>complete</B> builtin described above. -The <B>-D</B> option indicates that the remaining options should +The <B>-D</B> option indicates that other supplied options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. -The <B>-E</B> option indicates that the remaining options should +The <B>-E</B> option indicates that other supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The <B>-I</B> option indicates that other supplied options should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, +or after a command delimiter such as <B>;</B> or <B>|</B>, which is usually +command name completion. <P> The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a <I>name</I> for which no completion @@ -11727,7 +11767,7 @@ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables cannot be reset. -In <I>posix</I> mode, only shell variables are listed. +In <I>posix mode</I>, only shell variables are listed. The output is sorted according to the current locale. When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any arguments remaining after option processing are treated @@ -12444,7 +12484,7 @@ interrupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. If set, <B>bash</B>, -when in <I>posix</I> mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted +when in <I>posix mode</I>, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match (an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1. @@ -13426,7 +13466,7 @@ and <B>-u</B>, which are unscaled values; -and, when in Posix mode, +and, when in posix mode, <B>-c</B> and @@ -13852,7 +13892,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. <HR> <TABLE WIDTH=100%> <TR> -<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 March 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) +<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 August 7<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1) </TR> </TABLE> <HR> @@ -13958,6 +13998,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. </DL> <HR> This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR> -Time: 19 March 2018 09:43:32 EDT +Time: 07 September 2018 16:15:28 EDT </BODY> </HTML> diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info index 9a4edb08..171e1a7f 100644 --- a/doc/bash.info +++ b/doc/bash.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.5 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). +Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). The Bash home page is <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>. - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -768,7 +768,9 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Prev: 'case' The syntax of the 'case' command is: - case WORD in [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... esac + case WORD in + [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... + esac 'case' will selectively execute the COMMAND-LIST corresponding to the first PATTERN that matches WORD. The match is performed @@ -883,30 +885,30 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Prev: 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value is 0 if the string matches ('==') or does not match - ('!=')the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be - quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. + ('!=') the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may + be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. An additional binary operator, '=~', is available, with the same precedence as '==' and '!='. When it is used, the string to the - right of the operator is considered an extended regular expression - and matched accordingly (as in regex3)). The return value is 0 if - the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular - expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional expression's - return value is 2. If the 'nocasematch' shell option (see the - description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, - the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic - characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the - quoted portion to be matched as a string. Bracket expressions in - regular expressions must be treated carefully, since normal quoting - characters lose their meanings between brackets. If the pattern is - stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable expansion forces - the entire pattern to be matched as a string. Substrings matched - by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular expression are - saved in the array variable 'BASH_REMATCH'. The element of - 'BASH_REMATCH' with index 0 is the portion of the string matching - the entire regular expression. The element of 'BASH_REMATCH' with - index N is the portion of the string matching the Nth parenthesized - subexpression. + right of the operator is considered a POSIX extended regular + expression and matched accordingly (as in regex3)). The return + value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If + the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional + expression's return value is 2. If the 'nocasematch' shell option + (see the description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of + alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to + force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. Bracket + expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully, since + normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brackets. If + the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable + expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string. + Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the + regular expression are saved in the array variable 'BASH_REMATCH'. + The element of 'BASH_REMATCH' with index 0 is the portion of the + string matching the entire regular expression. The element of + 'BASH_REMATCH' with index N is the portion of the string matching + the Nth parenthesized subexpression. For example, the following will match a line (stored in the shell variable LINE) if there is a sequence of characters in the value @@ -1103,7 +1105,8 @@ read from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line): done < file | process-output with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas: - cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output + cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | + process-output Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming: @@ -1118,10 +1121,18 @@ take arguments from the command line; the above can also be written as If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in the output. For instance, the following command - { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute + { + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; + } | parallel traceroute will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Adding the '-k' option - { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute + { + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; + } | parallel -k traceroute will ensure that the output of 'traceroute foss.org.my' is displayed first. @@ -1406,15 +1417,21 @@ only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. '@' - ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When - the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands - to a separate word. That is, '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2" - ...'. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part - of the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is - joined with the last part of the original word. When there are no - positional parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e., - they are removed). + ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In + contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each + positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double + quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts + where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single + word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When the + expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is + performed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, + '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2" ...'. If the double-quoted + expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first + parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word, + and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last + part of the original word. When there are no positional + parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e., they are + removed). '#' ($#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. @@ -1628,6 +1645,11 @@ assigns the expanded value. '~-N' The string that would be displayed by 'dirs -N' + Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions +of variable assignments (*note Shell Parameters::) when they appear as +arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except for the +DECLARATION commands listed above, when in POSIX mode. + File: bash.info, Node: Shell Parameter Expansion, Next: Command Substitution, Prev: Tilde Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions @@ -1653,18 +1675,17 @@ parameter with more than one digit, or when PARAMETER is followed by a character that is not to be interpreted as part of its name. If the first character of PARAMETER is an exclamation point (!), and -PARAMETER is not a NAMEREF, it introduces a level of variable -indirection. Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest -of PARAMETER as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded -and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the -value of PARAMETER itself. This is known as 'indirect expansion'. The -value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command -substitution, and arithmetic expansion. If PARAMETER is a nameref, this -expands to the name of the variable referenced by PARAMETER instead of -performing the complete indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are -the expansions of ${!PREFIX*} and ${!NAME[@]} described below. The -exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to -introduce indirection. +PARAMETER is not a NAMEREF, it introduces a level of indirection. Bash +uses the value formed by expanding the rest of PARAMETER as the new +PARAMETER; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of +the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original PARAMETER. +This is known as 'indirect expansion'. The value is subject to tilde +expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic +expansion. If PARAMETER is a nameref, this expands to the name of the +variable referenced by PARAMETER instead of performing the complete +indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of +${!PREFIX*} and ${!NAME[@]} described below. The exclamation point must +immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. @@ -3662,8 +3683,8 @@ standard. Exit a login shell, returning a status of N to the shell's parent. 'mapfile' - mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] - [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] + mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] + [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied. @@ -3846,8 +3867,8 @@ standard. Read input from file descriptor FD. 'readarray' - readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] - [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] + readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] + [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied. @@ -4826,7 +4847,8 @@ Variables::). onto 'BASH_ARGC'. The shell sets 'BASH_ARGC' only when in extended debugging mode (see *note The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin). Setting 'extdebug' - after the shell has started to execute a script may result in + after the shell has started to execute a script, or referencing + this variable when 'extdebug' is not set, may result in inconsistent values. 'BASH_ARGV' @@ -4838,7 +4860,8 @@ Variables::). sets 'BASH_ARGV' only when in extended debugging mode (see *note The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin). Setting 'extdebug' after the shell has - started to execute a script may result in inconsistent values. + started to execute a script, or referencing this variable when + 'extdebug' is not set, may result in inconsistent values. 'BASH_ARGV0' When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or @@ -5228,7 +5251,7 @@ Variables::). as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number of consecutive 'EOF' characters that can be read as the first character on an input line before the shell will exit. If the - variable exists but does not have a numeric value (or has no value) + variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, then the default is 10. If the variable does not exist, then 'EOF' signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. @@ -5237,6 +5260,12 @@ Variables::). The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default of '~/.inputrc'. +'INSIDE_EMACS' + If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell + starts, it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell + buffer and may disable line editing depending on the value of + 'TERM'. + 'LANG' Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with 'LC_'. @@ -5317,7 +5346,8 @@ Variables::). supplied. If it is set while the shell is running, Bash enables POSIX mode, as if the command set -o posix - had been executed. + had been executed. When the shell enters POSIX mode, it sets this + variable if it was not already set. 'PPID' The process ID of the shell's parent process. This variable is @@ -5484,9 +5514,12 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Invoking Bash, Next: Bash Startup Files, Up: Bash Feat 6.1 Invoking Bash ================= - bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] - bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...] - bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] + bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] + [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] + bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] + [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...] + bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] + [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] All of the single-character options used with the 'set' builtin (*note The Set Builtin::) can be used as options when the shell is @@ -5832,8 +5865,8 @@ several ways. 9. In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores 'SIGTERM' (*note Signals::). - 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled - ((*note Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins. + 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled (*note + Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins. 11. An interactive login shell sends a 'SIGHUP' to all jobs on exit if the 'huponexit' shell option has been enabled (*note Signals::). @@ -6453,7 +6486,8 @@ of commands executed during the current shell session. After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject -to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note Bash Builtins::). +to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note The Shopt +Builtin::). File: bash.info, Node: The Restricted Shell, Next: Bash POSIX Mode, Prev: Controlling the Prompt, Up: Bash Features @@ -6511,212 +6545,214 @@ startup files. The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: - 1. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will + 1. Bash ensures that the 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' variable is set. + + 2. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search '$PATH' to find the new location. This is also available with 'shopt -s checkhash'. - 2. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job + 3. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job exits with a non-zero status is 'Done(status)'. - 3. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job + 4. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job is stopped is 'Stopped(SIGNAME)', where SIGNAME is, for example, 'SIGTSTP'. - 4. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. + 5. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. - 5. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are + 6. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized do not undergo alias expansion. - 6. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number + 7. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number and '!!' to '!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed on the values of 'PS1' and 'PS2' regardless of the setting of the 'promptvars' option. - 7. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the + 8. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the normal Bash files. - 8. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a + 9. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line. - 9. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default + 10. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default value of '$HISTFILE'). - 10. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the + 11. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. - 11. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in + 12. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the redirection. - 12. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not + 13. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. - 13. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special + 14. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special builtins. - 14. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during + 15. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup. - 15. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash + 16. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash does not print the 'function' keyword. - 16. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of + 17. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of the 'PATH' variable are not expanded as described above under *note Tilde Expansion::. - 17. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When + 18. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its completed children. The 'TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the format of the timing information. - 18. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within + 19. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs. - 19. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the + 20. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the next token begins with a '-'. - 20. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a + 21. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a double-quoted string, even if the 'histexpand' option is enabled. - 21. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a + 22. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and so on. - 22. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign a value to a readonly variable. - 23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 24. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special builtin, but not with any other simple command. - 24. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the + 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a 'for' statement or the selection variable in a 'select' statement is a readonly variable. - 25. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not + 26. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not found. - 26. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic + 27. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion results in an invalid expression. - 27. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. + 28. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. - 28. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script + 29. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read with the '.' or 'source' builtins, or in a string processed by the 'eval' builtin. - 29. Process substitution is not available. + 30. Process substitution is not available. - 30. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to + 31. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the '#' and '?' special parameters. - 31. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context + 32. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context where the expansion is double-quoted does not treat the '$*' as if it were double-quoted. - 32. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in + 33. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. - 33. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in + 34. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX special builtin command had been executed. - 34. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take + 35. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded by 'command'. - 35. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job + 36. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job is the current or previous job. - 36. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single + 37. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single line, separated by spaces, without the 'SIG' prefix. - 37. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' + 38. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' prefix. - 38. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output + 39. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output in the format required by POSIX. - 39. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading + 40. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading 'SIG'. - 40. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible + 41. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should use '-' as the first argument. - 41. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory + 42. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'. - 42. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the + 43. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'inherit_errexit' option, so subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the '-e' option from the parent shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash clears the '-e' option in such subshells. - 43. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + 44. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is supplied. - 44. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 46. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname + 47. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode. - 47. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 48. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the '-P' option. - 48. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an + 49. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 49. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. + 50. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. - 50. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 51. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'. - 51. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when + 52. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and '$EDITOR'. - 52. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 53. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 53. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' + 54. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' and '-f' options. - 54. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not + 55. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 55. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 56. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. - 56. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list + 57. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it. There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default @@ -7374,7 +7410,7 @@ Variable Settings If set to 'on', and COMPLETION-IGNORE-CASE is enabled, Readline treats hyphens ('-') and underscores ('_') as equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching - and completion. + and completion. The default value is 'off'. 'completion-prefix-display-length' The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of @@ -7650,7 +7686,7 @@ Key Bindings Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, 'C-u' is bound to the function + In the example above, 'C-u' is bound to the function 'universal-argument', 'M-DEL' is bound to the function 'backward-kill-word', and 'C-o' is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text @@ -8141,7 +8177,7 @@ File: bash.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev: C assigned by default. It allows Readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. The characters are inserted as if each one - was bound to 'self-insert') instead of executing any editing + was bound to 'self-insert' instead of executing any editing commands. 'transpose-chars (C-t)' @@ -8737,26 +8773,34 @@ happening. no matches were generated. 'complete' - complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DE] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] [-W WORDLIST] - [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT] + complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DEI] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] + [-W WORDLIST] [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT] [-P PREFIX] [-S SUFFIX] NAME [NAME ...] - complete -pr [-DE] [NAME ...] + complete -pr [-DEI] [NAME ...] Specify how arguments to each NAME should be completed. If the '-p' option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The '-r' option removes a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, all - completion specifications. The '-D' option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the "default" command + completion specifications. The '-D' option indicates that other + supplied options and actions should apply to the "default" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The '-E' option indicates - that the remaining options and actions should apply to "empty" + that other supplied options and actions should apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. + The '-I' option indicates that other supplied options and actions + should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the + line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is + usually command name completion. If multiple options are supplied, + the '-D' option takes precedence over '-E', and both take + precedence over '-I'. If any of '-D', '-E', or '-I' are supplied, + any other NAME arguments are ignored; these completions only apply + to the case specified by the option. The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above (*note Programmable - Completion::). The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'. + Completion::). Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The arguments to the '-G', '-W', and '-X' options (and, if necessary, @@ -8783,7 +8827,7 @@ happening. 'filenames' Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any filename-specific processing (like - adding a slash to directory names quoting special + adding a slash to directory names, quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces). This option is intended to be used with shell functions specified with '-F'. @@ -8936,20 +8980,24 @@ happening. completion specification. 'compopt' - compopt [-o OPTION] [-DE] [+o OPTION] [NAME] + compopt [-o OPTION] [-DEI] [+o OPTION] [NAME] Modify completion options for each NAME according to the OPTIONs, or for the currently-executing completion if no NAMEs are supplied. If no OPTIONs are given, display the completion options for each NAME or the current completion. The possible values of OPTION are those valid for the 'complete' builtin described above. The '-D' - option indicates that the remaining options should apply to the + option indicates that other supplied options should apply to the "default" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The - '-E' option indicates that the remaining options should apply to + '-E' option indicates that other supplied options should apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a - blank line. + blank line. The '-I' option indicates that other supplied options + should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the + line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is + usually command name completion. - The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'. + If multiple options are supplied, the '-D' option takes precedence + over '-E', and both take precedence over '-I' The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a NAME for which no @@ -8993,7 +9041,7 @@ retrieves the completions from there when the function returns. local cur _skipdot _cdpath local i j k - # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname + # Tilde expansion, which also expands tilde to full pathname case "$2" in \~*) eval cur="$2" ;; *) cur=$2 ;; @@ -9263,7 +9311,8 @@ previous commands quickly. History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each -line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into account. +line individually. Bash attempts to inform the history expansion +functions about quoting still in effect from previous lines. History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list should be used during @@ -9274,10 +9323,20 @@ are called "words". Various "modifiers" are available to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion that Bash does, so that several words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the -history expansion character, which is '!' by default. Only '\' and ''' -may be used to escape the history expansion character, but the history -expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes -the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. +history expansion character, which is '!' by default. + + History expansion implements shell-like quoting conventions: a +backslash can be used to remove the special handling for the next +character; single quotes enclose verbatim sequences of characters, and +can be used to inhibit history expansion; and characters enclosed within +double quotes may be subject to history expansion, since backslash can +escape the history expansion character, but single quotes may not, since +they are not treated specially within double quotes. + + When using the shell, only '\' and ''' may be used to escape the +history expansion character, but the history expansion character is also +treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in +a double-quoted string. Several shell options settable with the 'shopt' builtin (*note The Shopt Builtin::) may be used to tailor the behavior of history @@ -9760,8 +9819,8 @@ and linked, rather than changing run-time features. '--enable-largefile' Enable support for large files - (http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html) if - the operating system requires special compiler options to build + (http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html) if the + operating system requires special compiler options to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by default, if the operating system provides large file support. @@ -10881,7 +10940,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * complete: Programmable Completion Builtins. (line 30) * compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins. - (line 229) + (line 237) * continue: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 85) * declare: Bash Builtins. (line 148) @@ -10966,9 +11025,9 @@ D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words * !: Pipelines. (line 9) * [[: Conditional Constructs. - (line 122) + (line 124) * ]]: Conditional Constructs. - (line 122) + (line 124) * {: Command Grouping. (line 21) * }: Command Grouping. (line 21) * case: Conditional Constructs. @@ -10990,7 +11049,7 @@ D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words * in: Conditional Constructs. (line 28) * select: Conditional Constructs. - (line 80) + (line 82) * then: Conditional Constructs. (line 7) * time: Pipelines. (line 9) @@ -11006,24 +11065,24 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * Menu: -* !: Special Parameters. (line 50) -* #: Special Parameters. (line 33) -* $: Special Parameters. (line 45) -* $!: Special Parameters. (line 51) -* $#: Special Parameters. (line 34) -* $$: Special Parameters. (line 46) +* !: Special Parameters. (line 56) +* #: Special Parameters. (line 39) +* $: Special Parameters. (line 51) +* $!: Special Parameters. (line 57) +* $#: Special Parameters. (line 40) +* $$: Special Parameters. (line 52) * $*: Special Parameters. (line 10) -* $-: Special Parameters. (line 41) -* $0: Special Parameters. (line 56) -* $?: Special Parameters. (line 37) +* $-: Special Parameters. (line 47) +* $0: Special Parameters. (line 62) +* $?: Special Parameters. (line 43) * $@: Special Parameters. (line 23) -* $_: Special Parameters. (line 65) +* $_: Special Parameters. (line 71) * *: Special Parameters. (line 9) -* -: Special Parameters. (line 40) -* 0: Special Parameters. (line 55) -* ?: Special Parameters. (line 36) +* -: Special Parameters. (line 46) +* 0: Special Parameters. (line 61) +* ?: Special Parameters. (line 42) * @: Special Parameters. (line 22) -* _: Special Parameters. (line 64) +* _: Special Parameters. (line 70) * auto_resume: Job Control Variables. (line 6) * BASH: Bash Variables. (line 13) @@ -11031,21 +11090,21 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 25) * BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 32) * BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 41) -* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 53) -* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 64) -* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 72) -* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 81) -* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 86) -* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 101) -* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 107) -* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 110) -* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 118) -* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 122) -* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 130) -* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 137) -* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 142) -* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 165) -* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 168) +* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 54) +* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 66) +* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 74) +* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 83) +* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 88) +* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 103) +* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 109) +* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 112) +* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 120) +* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 124) +* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 132) +* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 139) +* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 144) +* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 167) +* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 170) * bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 38) * bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11054,12 +11113,12 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 50) * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 9) -* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 179) +* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 181) * colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 55) * colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 62) -* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 186) +* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 188) * comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 68) * completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11072,90 +11131,91 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 91) * completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 98) -* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 238) -* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 192) -* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 221) -* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 198) -* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 203) -* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 211) -* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 225) -* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 231) +* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 240) +* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 194) +* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 223) +* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 200) +* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 205) +* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 213) +* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 227) +* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 233) * convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 108) -* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 244) -* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 248) +* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 246) +* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 250) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 116) * echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 121) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 126) -* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 258) +* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 260) * emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 132) * enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 142) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 150) -* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 263) -* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 267) -* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 275) -* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 282) -* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 286) +* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 265) +* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 269) +* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 277) +* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 284) +* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 288) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 161) -* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 299) -* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 303) -* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 309) -* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 326) -* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 331) -* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 338) -* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 344) -* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 359) -* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 364) -* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 380) -* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 384) -* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 395) +* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 301) +* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 305) +* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 311) +* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 328) +* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 333) +* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 340) +* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 346) +* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 361) +* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 366) +* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 382) +* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 386) +* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 397) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 165) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 171) -* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 415) -* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 422) +* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 417) +* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 424) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 180) -* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 430) -* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 441) -* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 444) +* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 432) +* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 443) +* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 446) * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 18) -* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 447) +* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 449) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 457) +* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 459) +* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 463) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 195) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 202) -* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 461) -* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 465) -* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 469) -* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 476) +* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 469) +* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 473) +* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 477) +* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 484) * LC_MESSAGES: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 481) -* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 485) -* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 489) -* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 493) -* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 497) -* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 503) +* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 489) +* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 493) +* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 497) +* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 501) +* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 505) +* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 511) * MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 22) -* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 507) +* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 515) * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 27) -* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 515) +* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 523) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 232) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11166,42 +11226,42 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 249) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 519) +* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 527) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) -* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 522) +* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 530) * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 38) -* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 526) +* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 534) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 254) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 260) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) -* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 529) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 534) -* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 543) -* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 547) -* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 551) -* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 557) +* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 537) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 542) +* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 552) +* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 556) +* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 560) +* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 566) * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 48) * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 53) -* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 562) -* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 567) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 575) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 578) -* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 583) -* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 587) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 591) +* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 571) +* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 576) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 584) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 587) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 592) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 596) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 600) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 270) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 594) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 600) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 605) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 614) +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 603) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 609) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 614) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 623) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 276) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11212,10 +11272,10 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 297) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 619) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 657) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 669) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 673) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 628) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 666) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 678) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 682) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 310) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11512,7 +11572,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index * installation: Basic Installation. (line 6) * interaction, readline: Readline Interaction. (line 6) -* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128) +* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 131) * interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6) * internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6) * job: Definitions. (line 38) @@ -11523,7 +11583,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index * killing text: Readline Killing Commands. (line 6) * localization: Locale Translation. (line 6) -* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 125) +* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128) * matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6) * metacharacter: Definitions. (line 46) * name: Definitions. (line 51) @@ -11606,112 +11666,112 @@ Node: Lists23781 Node: Compound Commands25520 Node: Looping Constructs26532 Node: Conditional Constructs29027 -Node: Command Grouping40082 -Node: Coprocesses41561 -Node: GNU Parallel43464 -Node: Shell Functions47438 -Node: Shell Parameters54521 -Node: Positional Parameters58934 -Node: Special Parameters59834 -Node: Shell Expansions63171 -Node: Brace Expansion65294 -Node: Tilde Expansion68018 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70366 -Node: Command Substitution84849 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion86204 -Node: Process Substitution87136 -Node: Word Splitting88256 -Node: Filename Expansion90200 -Node: Pattern Matching92730 -Node: Quote Removal96716 -Node: Redirections97011 -Node: Executing Commands106569 -Node: Simple Command Expansion107239 -Node: Command Search and Execution109169 -Node: Command Execution Environment111545 -Node: Environment114529 -Node: Exit Status116188 -Node: Signals117858 -Node: Shell Scripts119825 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands122340 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins124378 -Node: Bash Builtins145036 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior173944 -Node: The Set Builtin174289 -Node: The Shopt Builtin184702 -Node: Special Builtins201572 -Node: Shell Variables202551 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables202988 -Node: Bash Variables205092 -Node: Bash Features235106 -Node: Invoking Bash236005 -Node: Bash Startup Files241991 -Node: Interactive Shells247094 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?247504 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?248153 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior248968 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions252456 -Node: Shell Arithmetic256822 -Node: Aliases259639 -Node: Arrays262187 -Node: The Directory Stack267553 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins268337 -Node: Controlling the Prompt271305 -Node: The Restricted Shell274067 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode275892 -Node: Job Control286243 -Node: Job Control Basics286703 -Node: Job Control Builtins291671 -Node: Job Control Variables296398 -Node: Command Line Editing297554 -Node: Introduction and Notation299225 -Node: Readline Interaction300848 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials302039 -Node: Readline Movement Commands303822 -Node: Readline Killing Commands304782 -Node: Readline Arguments306700 -Node: Searching307744 -Node: Readline Init File309930 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax311077 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs331448 -Node: Sample Init File335644 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands338761 -Node: Commands For Moving339965 -Node: Commands For History341814 -Node: Commands For Text346109 -Node: Commands For Killing349498 -Node: Numeric Arguments351979 -Node: Commands For Completion353118 -Node: Keyboard Macros357309 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands357996 -Node: Readline vi Mode363949 -Node: Programmable Completion364856 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins372450 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example382336 -Node: Using History Interactively387587 -Node: Bash History Facilities388271 -Node: Bash History Builtins391276 -Node: History Interaction395807 -Node: Event Designators398874 -Node: Word Designators400093 -Node: Modifiers401730 -Node: Installing Bash403132 -Node: Basic Installation404269 -Node: Compilers and Options407527 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures408268 -Node: Installation Names409961 -Node: Specifying the System Type410779 -Node: Sharing Defaults411495 -Node: Operation Controls412168 -Node: Optional Features413126 -Node: Reporting Bugs423652 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell424846 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License441698 -Node: Indexes466875 -Node: Builtin Index467329 -Node: Reserved Word Index474156 -Node: Variable Index476604 -Node: Function Index492282 -Node: Concept Index505585 +Node: Command Grouping40110 +Node: Coprocesses41589 +Node: GNU Parallel43492 +Node: Shell Functions47550 +Node: Shell Parameters54633 +Node: Positional Parameters59046 +Node: Special Parameters59946 +Node: Shell Expansions63660 +Node: Brace Expansion65783 +Node: Tilde Expansion68507 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion71124 +Node: Command Substitution85580 +Node: Arithmetic Expansion86935 +Node: Process Substitution87867 +Node: Word Splitting88987 +Node: Filename Expansion90931 +Node: Pattern Matching93461 +Node: Quote Removal97447 +Node: Redirections97742 +Node: Executing Commands107300 +Node: Simple Command Expansion107970 +Node: Command Search and Execution109900 +Node: Command Execution Environment112276 +Node: Environment115260 +Node: Exit Status116919 +Node: Signals118589 +Node: Shell Scripts120556 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands123071 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins125109 +Node: Bash Builtins145767 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior174675 +Node: The Set Builtin175020 +Node: The Shopt Builtin185433 +Node: Special Builtins202303 +Node: Shell Variables203282 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables203719 +Node: Bash Variables205823 +Node: Bash Features236283 +Node: Invoking Bash237182 +Node: Bash Startup Files243195 +Node: Interactive Shells248298 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?248708 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?249357 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior250172 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions253659 +Node: Shell Arithmetic258025 +Node: Aliases260842 +Node: Arrays263390 +Node: The Directory Stack268756 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins269540 +Node: Controlling the Prompt272508 +Node: The Restricted Shell275274 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode277099 +Node: Job Control287514 +Node: Job Control Basics287974 +Node: Job Control Builtins292942 +Node: Job Control Variables297669 +Node: Command Line Editing298825 +Node: Introduction and Notation300496 +Node: Readline Interaction302119 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials303310 +Node: Readline Movement Commands305093 +Node: Readline Killing Commands306053 +Node: Readline Arguments307971 +Node: Searching309015 +Node: Readline Init File311201 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax312348 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs332748 +Node: Sample Init File336944 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands340061 +Node: Commands For Moving341265 +Node: Commands For History343114 +Node: Commands For Text347409 +Node: Commands For Killing350797 +Node: Numeric Arguments353278 +Node: Commands For Completion354417 +Node: Keyboard Macros358608 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands359295 +Node: Readline vi Mode365248 +Node: Programmable Completion366155 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins373749 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example384442 +Node: Using History Interactively389682 +Node: Bash History Facilities390366 +Node: Bash History Builtins393371 +Node: History Interaction397902 +Node: Event Designators401522 +Node: Word Designators402741 +Node: Modifiers404378 +Node: Installing Bash405780 +Node: Basic Installation406917 +Node: Compilers and Options410175 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures410916 +Node: Installation Names412609 +Node: Specifying the System Type413427 +Node: Sharing Defaults414143 +Node: Operation Controls414816 +Node: Optional Features415774 +Node: Reporting Bugs426292 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell427486 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License444338 +Node: Indexes469515 +Node: Builtin Index469969 +Node: Reserved Word Index476796 +Node: Variable Index479244 +Node: Function Index494995 +Node: Concept Index508298 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf Binary files differindex de5d3129..b38b46d1 100644 --- a/doc/bash.pdf +++ b/doc/bash.pdf diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index deccb7a7..5a7dc2d8 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 19 09:43:22 2018 +%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 7 15:34:15 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 -%%Pages: 80 +%%Pages: 81 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 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When)-.1 F .337 -(there are no positional parameters, ")2.838 F F2($@)A F0 2.837("a)C(nd) --2.837 E F2($@)2.837 E F0 -.15(ex)2.837 G(pand).15 E -(to nothing \(i.e., the)144 309.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo)-2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 321.6 Q F0 -(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 321.6 Q -F2(?)108 333.6 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 333.6 Q +.722(In conte)5.722 F .722(xts where w)-.15 F .722(ord splitting is per) +-.1 F(-)-.2 E 1.165(formed, this e)144 261.6 R 1.165 +(xpands each positional parameter to a separate w)-.15 F 1.165 +(ord; if not within double quotes,)-.1 F .655(these w)144 273.6 R .655 +(ords are subject to w)-.1 F .655(ord splitting.)-.1 F .655(In conte) +5.655 F .655(xts where w)-.15 F .654 +(ord splitting is not performed, this)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 285.6 S .748 +(pands to a single w).15 F .748 +(ord with each positional parameter separated by a space.)-.1 F .748 +(When the e)5.748 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.091 +(sion occurs within double quotes, each parameter e)144 297.6 R 1.091 +(xpands to a separate w)-.15 F 3.59(ord. That)-.1 F 1.09(is, ")3.59 F F2 +($@)A F0 3.59("i)C(s)-3.59 E(equi)144 309.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G .412 +(lent to ").25 F F2($1)A F0 2.912("")C F2($2)-2.912 E F0 2.912(".)C +2.912(.. If)-2.912 F .413(the double-quoted e)2.913 F .413 +(xpansion occurs within a w)-.15 F .413(ord, the e)-.1 F .413 +(xpansion of)-.15 F .38(the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)144 +321.6 R .379(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F .379(ord, and the e) +-.1 F .379(xpansion of the)-.15 F 1.774 +(last parameter is joined with the last part of the original w)144 333.6 +R 4.274(ord. When)-.1 F 1.774(there are no positional)4.274 F +(parameters, ")144 345.6 Q F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2($@)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(pand to nothing \(i.e., the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re remo) +-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d\).).15 E F2(#)108 357.6 Q F0 +(Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.)144 357.6 Q +F2(?)108 369.6 Q F0(Expands to the e)144 369.6 Q (xit status of the most recently e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 -E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2<ad>108 345.6 Q F0 .881 -(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 345.6 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.382 E F0 -.2(bu)3.382 G -.882(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) -144 357.6 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 369.6 Q F0 .214 -(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 369.6 R .214 +E(ground pipeline.)-.15 E F2<ad>108 381.6 Q F0 .882 +(Expands to the current option \215ags as speci\214ed upon in)144 381.6 +R -.2(vo)-.4 G .881(cation, by the).2 F F2(set)3.381 E F0 -.2(bu)3.381 G +.881(iltin command, or).2 F(those set by the shell itself \(such as the) +144 393.6 Q F2<ad69>2.5 E F0(option\).)2.5 E F2($)108 405.6 Q F0 .214 +(Expands to the process ID of the shell.)144 405.6 R .214 (In a \(\) subshell, it e)5.214 F .214 (xpands to the process ID of the current)-.15 F -(shell, not the subshell.)144 381.6 Q F2(!)108 393.6 Q F0 .499(Expands \ +(shell, not the subshell.)144 417.6 Q F2(!)108 429.6 Q F0 .499(Expands \ to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the background, \ -whether e)144 393.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E -(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 405.6 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 +whether e)144 429.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E +(as an asynchronous command or using the)144 441.6 Q F2(bg)2.5 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin \(see).2 E F1(JOB CONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)2.25 E -(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 417.6 Q F0 1.692 -(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 417.6 R 1.691 -(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.691 E F2(bash)4.191 E -F0(is)4.191 E(in)144 429.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.077(dw).1 G .577 -(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.077 F F2($0)3.077 E F0 .578 -(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.077 F(If)5.578 E F2(bash)3.078 E -F0 .578(is started with the)3.078 F F2<ad63>3.078 E F0 .369 -(option, then)144 441.6 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369 +(w\).)-.25 E F2(0)108 453.6 Q F0 1.691 +(Expands to the name of the shell or shell script.)144 453.6 R 1.692 +(This is set at shell initialization.)6.692 F(If)6.692 E F2(bash)4.192 E +F0(is)4.192 E(in)144 465.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.078(dw).1 G .578 +(ith a \214le of commands,)-3.078 F F2($0)3.078 E F0 .578 +(is set to the name of that \214le.)3.078 F(If)5.577 E F2(bash)3.077 E +F0 .577(is started with the)3.077 F F2<ad63>3.077 E F0 .368 +(option, then)144 477.6 R F2($0)2.869 E F0 .369 (is set to the \214rst ar)2.869 F .369(gument after the string to be e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.368 E -(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 453.6 Q -.2 +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .369(cuted, if one is present.).15 F(Other)5.369 E +(-)-.2 E(wise, it is set to the \214lename used to in)144 489.6 Q -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(bash)2.6 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(sg)-2.5 G -2.15 -.25 (iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(nb).25 G 2.5(ya)-2.5 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument zero.).18 E -F2(_)108 465.6 Q F0 .054 -(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 465.6 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .055(he shell or shell script being e).1 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .692(as passed in the en)144 477.6 R .692 +F2(_)108 501.6 Q F0 .055 +(At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to in)144 501.6 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .255 -.1(ke t).2 H .054(he shell or shell script being e).1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .691(as passed in the en)144 513.6 R .691 (vironment or ar)-.4 F .691(gument list.)-.18 F(Subsequently)5.691 E -3.191(,e)-.65 G .691(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .691(gument to the) --.18 F(pre)144 489.6 Q .57(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.07 +3.191(,e)-.65 G .692(xpands to the last ar)-3.341 F .692(gument to the) +-.18 F(pre)144 525.6 Q .571(vious command, after e)-.25 F 3.071 (xpansion. Also)-.15 F .571(set to the full pathname used to in)3.071 F --.2(vo)-.4 G .771 -.1(ke e).2 H .571(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 501.6 -S 1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 +-.2(vo)-.4 G .77 -.1(ke e).2 H .57(ach command).1 F -.15(exe)144 537.6 S +1.6(cuted and placed in the en).15 F 1.6(vironment e)-.4 F 1.6 (xported to that command.)-.15 F 1.6(When checking mail, this)6.6 F (parameter holds the name of the mail \214le currently being check)144 -513.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 530.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 -542.4 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) -108 559.2 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 -559.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 571.2 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.548(Ac)144 583.2 S .049 -(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.548 F .049(Each w) +549.6 Q(ed.)-.1 E F2(Shell V)87 566.4 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0(The follo)108 +578.4 Q(wing v)-.25 E(ariables are set by the shell:)-.25 E F2 -.3(BA) +108 595.2 S(SH).3 E F0(Expands to the full \214lename used to in)144 +595.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H(his instance of).1 E F2(bash)2.5 E +F0(.)A F2 -.3(BA)108 607.2 S(SHOPTS).3 E F0 2.549(Ac)144 619.2 S .049 +(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-2.549 F .049(Each w) 5.049 F .049(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .049(alid ar)-.25 F .049 -(gument for the)-.18 F F2<ad73>2.549 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 595.2 +(gument for the)-.18 F F2<ad73>2.548 E F0 1.398(option to the)144 631.2 R F2(shopt)3.898 E F0 -.2(bu)3.898 G 1.398(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 1.398(SHELL B)3.898 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.398(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo) -3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .476(appearing in)144 -607.2 R F1 -.27(BA)2.976 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .476(are those reported as) -2.726 F F3(on)3.206 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.477(.I)C 2.977 -(ft)-5.477 G .477(his v)-2.977 F .477(ariable is in the en)-.25 F -(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 619.2 Q F2(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ -ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F -3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 631.2 Q -(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 643.2 S(SHPID).3 E -F0 .187(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 655.2 R F2(bash) -2.687 E F0 2.688(process. This)2.688 F(dif)2.688 E .188(fers from)-.25 F -F2($$)2.688 E F0 .188(under certain circum-)2.688 F .548 -(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 667.2 R F2(bash) -3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .548(Assignments to)5.548 -F F1 -.27(BA)3.048 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 679.2 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +3.648 E 3.898(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.898 E .477(appearing in)144 +643.2 R F1 -.27(BA)2.977 G(SHOPTS).27 E F0 .477(are those reported as) +2.727 F F3(on)3.207 E F0(by)3.217 E F2(shopt)2.977 E F0 5.476(.I)C 2.976 +(ft)-5.476 G .476(his v)-2.976 F .476(ariable is in the en)-.25 F +(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 655.2 Q F2(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, ea\ +ch shell option in the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F +3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 667.2 Q +(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2 -.3(BA)108 679.2 S(SHPID).3 E +F0 .188(Expands to the process ID of the current)144 691.2 R F2(bash) +2.688 E F0 2.687(process. This)2.687 F(dif)2.687 E .187(fers from)-.25 F +F2($$)2.687 E F0 .187(under certain circum-)2.687 F .548 +(stances, such as subshells that do not require)144 703.2 R F2(bash) +3.048 E F0 .548(to be re-initialized.)3.048 F .549(Assignments to)5.549 +F F1 -.27(BA)3.049 G(SHPID).27 E F0(ha)144 715.2 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G 2.5(ect. If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 691.2 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 -703.2 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\ -embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16 -(tained by the)144 715.2 R F2(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66 -(iltin. Elements).2 F .16 -(added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 -(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 727.2 R --.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.503 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(10)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(10)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 96 R 1.495 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose members corresp\ +ond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16(tained by the) +144 108 R F1(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66(iltin. Elements).2 F .16 +(added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 +(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 120 R +-.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) +9.502 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 108 R .935 -(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 156 R +.934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 120 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 +F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 168 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 (The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\ - script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 132 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G -2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 -(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 156 S .284 -(tended deb).15 F .284(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 -(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .283(option to the)2.783 F F1(shopt)2.783 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.783 G .283(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 168 Q F1 -(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(after the shell has started to e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cute a script may result in inconsistent v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E F1 -.3(BA)108 180 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 192 R .979 + script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 180 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa)-2.641 G +2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 +(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.631(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +192 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.63(only when in)4.88 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .283 +(tended deb).15 F .283(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 +(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .284(option to the)2.784 F F1(shopt)2.784 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.784 G .284(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 216 Q F1 +(extdeb)3.363 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .862(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .862 +(ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)144 228 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(is not set, may result in inconsistent v)2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) +108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 252 R .979 (ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) 3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.98 E .275(\ \214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stac\ -k; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 204 R 1.424 -(call is at the bottom.)144 216 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F +k; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 +(call is at the bottom.)144 276 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 -F F2 -.27(BA)144 228 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) +F F2 -.27(BA)144 288 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) 6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .965 -(description of the)144 240 R F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 +(description of the)144 300 R F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 (option to the)3.465 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 (iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.966(after the shell)3.466 F(has started to e)144 252 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cute a script may result in inconsistent v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)108 264 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 276 R -.251(ariable e)-.25 F .251 +.966(after the shell)3.466 F .32(has started to e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .32(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .319(ariable when)-.25 +F F1(extdeb)2.819 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .319(is not set, may result in)2.819 F +(inconsistent v)144 324 Q(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_ARGV0).3 +E F0 .25(When referenced, this v)144 348 R .25(ariable e)-.25 F .251 (xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F -F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E 1.224 -(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E 1.224 +(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.724(\). Assignment).15 F(to)3.724 E F1 -.3(BA)3.724 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 -1.225(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 -(assigned to also be assigned to)144 300 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C +1.224(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 +(assigned to also be assigned to)144 372 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C (f)-5.247 E F1 -.3(BA)2.747 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .247 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.747 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) -.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 312 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 336 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667 +.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 384 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 396 S +(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 408 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668 (rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\ -h table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the)144 348 R F1(hash) -2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 +h table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the)144 420 R F1(hash) +2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F .196 (added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ -t cause command names to be remo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G -.853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 372 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G +t cause command names to be remo)144 432 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G +.852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 444 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 -(The command currently being e)144 396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 456 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 +(The command currently being e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -420 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 432 Q +480 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +492 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 504 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 444 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 -(An array v)144 456 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 468 R -F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) --3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 480 R F1 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 +(An array v)144 528 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 540 +R F2(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 +(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .97 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 552 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 492 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F1(${B)144 564 Q(ASH_LINENO[) -.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 -504 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 528 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ +576 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 588 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 600 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F -(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 540 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 -564 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 -E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 -(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. 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The)-.4 F(initial v) -2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 696 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645 -(Ar)144 708 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 -(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 -(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 720 S -(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(11)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 720 Q F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(11)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 84 -Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.5 G -(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 96 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A -F0(The minor v)264 96 Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 -E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 108 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0 -(The patch le)264 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 120 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A F0(The b)264 120 Q(uild v)-.2 E -(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0 -(The release status \(e.g.,)264 132 Q F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 144 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A F0(The v)264 144 Q(alue of) +SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 +(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 96 R .296 +(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 108 Q 2.5(vironment. 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to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 336 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 348 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +402 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 414 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 426 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -360 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 372 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +438 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 450 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 384 R F2 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If) -144 468 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G -(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 480 Q F1(COMP_W)108 492 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .653(An array v)144 504 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E -F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) --.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 516 R +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +510 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 522 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.336(The set of characters that the)144 534 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) +144 546 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G +(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 558 Q F1(COMP_W)108 570 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .654(An array v)144 582 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E +F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) +-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 594 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 -528 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 -(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) -144 540 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 552 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) -144 564 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 +606 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 +(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) +144 618 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 630 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) +144 642 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 576 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 588 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 600 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 654 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 666 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 678 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 612 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 -(members of this array v)144 624 R 1.432 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 690 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 702 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 636 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 714 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 648 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 726 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 660 Q F1(EPOCHREAL) -108 672 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .338 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 684 R .337 -(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -696 Q F2(time)2.916 E F0 .416(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417 -(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417 -(ssignments to)-5.417 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 708 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 -1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E -F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E -(subsequently reset.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(12)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(12) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(EPOCHSECONDS)108 84 Q F0 .337 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 96 R .338 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(it is subsequently reset.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHREAL)108 +96 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) +144 108 R .338(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 +F(\(see)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.917 E F0 .417 +(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 +(ssignments to)-5.416 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 132 +Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E +(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s) +-3.591 E(subsequently reset.)144 144 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 156 Q F0 .338 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 168 R .337 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)4.042 E F0 4.042 -(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHSECONDS) -4.042 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E -F0 1.541(is unset, it)3.791 F(loses its special properties, e)144 120 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(EUID)108 132 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef) -144 132 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103 -(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 144 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 156 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 168 R .479 +180 Q F2(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 +(EUID)108 204 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 204 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 +-.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G +1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 216 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 228 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 240 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 180 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 192 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 -(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 -(tion is e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F -(special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 -234 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 +(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 264 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 +(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 +(tion is e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F +(special properties, e)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 +306 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 246 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 318 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 -(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 258 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G +(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 330 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 -(at line number)144 270 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 -(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G -1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 282 Q F1(GR)108 294 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 -(An array v)144 306 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E -.571(ments to)144 318 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 +(at line number)144 342 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 354 Q F1(GR)108 366 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 +(An array v)144 378 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ +ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E +.572(ments to)144 390 R F3(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 (GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E -(subsequently reset.)144 330 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 342 Q F0 .356 -(The history number)144 354 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) --2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s)-3.071 E +(subsequently reset.)144 402 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 414 Q F0 .355 +(The history number)144 426 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) +-2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 366 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 378 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 390 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 402 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 414 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 -.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 426 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 438 Q F0 1.408(Each\ +(HOSTN)108 450 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 462 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 474 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 486 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 +.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 498 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 510 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ -ber representing the)144 450 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 462 R .079 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 474 R .307 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E -F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F -(special properties, e)144 486 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 498 Q +ber representing the)144 522 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 534 R .078 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 546 R .306 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E +F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +(special properties, e)144 558 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 570 Q (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 510 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 522 Q F2 +es the system type on which)144 582 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 594 Q F2 (cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 534 Q F0 .294 -(An array v)144 546 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 -(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 -(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 558 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 570 Q F0(The pre)144 582 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 606 Q F0 .293 +(An array v)144 618 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 +(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 630 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 +(OLDPWD)108 642 Q F0(The pre)144 654 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 594 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 606 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 666 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 678 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 -(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 618 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 630 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 642 R 4.152 -(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 654 -S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 -666 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 678 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 690 Q(ault is system-dependent.) --.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 702 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 -714 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 -(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 -(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 726 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E -(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 690 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 702 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 714 R 4.151 +(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 726 +S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(13)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(PPID)108 84 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 84 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +SF(OSTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes\ + the operating system on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e) +2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 108 Q +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 120 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) +.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 132 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) +3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 +(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F +(the most-recently-e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 +(PPID)108 156 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 156 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 96 Q F0(The current w)144 96 Q +F1(PWD)108 168 Q F0(The current w)144 168 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 108 Q F0 .565 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 120 R .566 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 132 +(RANDOM)108 180 Q F0 .566 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 192 R .565 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 204 R .01(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 156 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 168 R +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 228 Q F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 180 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(READLINE_POINT)108 192 Q F0 .314 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 204 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 252 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 264 Q F0 .313 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 276 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 -(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 216 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 228 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 240 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2 +(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 288 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 300 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 312 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) --.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 252 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ -ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 276 R .712 +-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 324 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ +ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 336 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 +(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 348 R .712 (alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712(the v) 2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 288 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 300 Q -.15(ve) +F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 372 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 312 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 324 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 384 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 396 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 336 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F -F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 -(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E -3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 348 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 408 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F +F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 +(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E +3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 420 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 360 Q F1(bash) -3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 -F(This v)144 372 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 384 Q -(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 396 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 408 Q F0 -(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 408 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 432 Q F1(bash) +3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +F(This v)144 444 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 456 Q +(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 468 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 480 Q F0 +(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 480 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 424.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 496.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 436.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -1.192(The v)144 465.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F -3.692(sc)-.55 G 1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693 -(l. See).15 F 1.193(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 --.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 477.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E -F1 .372(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 -(for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 489.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 -(va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 -F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 -(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 508.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 +1.193(The v)144 537.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 +(l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 549.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E +F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 561.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F +-.25(va)2.861 G .361 +(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 +(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 +(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) -144 513.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 +144 585.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 525.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) --.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 -(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 -(sets the compatibility le)144 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G -3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 -F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 -(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 549.6 R F1 -(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 -(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 561.6 Q F1 +4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 597.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 +(sets the compatibility le)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G +3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 +F 3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G 1.119(lid compatibility le) +.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .575 +(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 621.6 R F1 +(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.076 G .576(iltin described belo).2 F 3.076 +(w\()-.25 G .576(for e)-3.076 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 633.6 Q F1 (compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 (alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 573.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 -(If this parameter is set when)144 585.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) -3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 597.6 R F5 -(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) -2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 609.6 R .525 +-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 645.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 +(If this parameter is set when)144 657.6 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) +3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 669.6 R F5 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355(he v)-5.355 F .355 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.855 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected) +2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 681.6 R .525 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 621.6 Q +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 693.6 Q F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 633.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 645.6 -R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 -F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F -(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 657.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 +108 705.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 717.6 +R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 +F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 729.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 (is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 -(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 669.6 S -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F -2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 G -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ -mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -681.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F2 -.27(BA)144 -693.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ -\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F -(standard error being closed.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(14)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(14)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(CDP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the) -144 96 R F1(cd)3.747 E F0 3.747(command. 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Unsetting)-2.888 F F1 -.27(BA)2.638 G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E +F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the empty string causes the trace\ + output to be sent to the standard error)144 96 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53 +(ote that setting)-7.53 F F1 -.27(BA)144 108 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 +E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le descriptor\) and then unsetti\ +ng it will result in the)2.99 F(standard error being closed.)144 120 Q +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)108 132 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.248 +(The search path for the)144 144 R F2(cd)3.748 E F0 3.748(command. This) +3.748 F 1.247(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the) +3.748 F 3.795 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 156 R F2 +(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. A)6.296 F 3.796(sample v)6.296 F 3.796 +(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(".:~:/usr")144 168 Q F0(.)A F2 +(CHILD_MAX)108 180 Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 192 R .997 (xited child status v)-.15 F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F -5.997(.B)-.55 G .997(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his) --3.498 E -.25(va)144 156 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577 +5.997(.B)-.55 G .997(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.497(wt)-.25 G(his) +-3.497 E -.25(va)144 204 S 1.077(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577 (waP)-.25 G 1.077(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 -F 1.077(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 -168 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.) --.25 E F1(COLUMNS)108 180 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 192 R F1(select) -3.328 E F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when p\ -rinting selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 204 R 2.007 -(set if the)4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 216 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 228 Q(Y)-.92 E -F0 .847(An array v)144 240 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash) -3.348 E F0 .848 +F 1.078(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 +216 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.) +-.25 E F2(COLUMNS)108 228 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 240 R F2(select) +3.329 E F0 .828(compound command to determine the terminal width when p\ +rinting selection)3.329 F 4.506(lists. Automatically)144 252 R 2.006 +(set if the)4.506 F F2(checkwinsize)4.506 E F0 2.007 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.506 F 2.307 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.007(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 264 Q F1(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(COMPREPL)108 276 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848(An array v) +144 288 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F2(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 (reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F -(in)144 252 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G -.285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F1 +(in)144 300 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G +.285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F2 (Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 (w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 -264 Q F1(EMA)108 276 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 288 Q F1(bash)2.535 E F0 .035 -(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F2(t)2.536 E -F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F -(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 300 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 312 Q F0(Similar to) -144 312 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F4(;)A F0 +312 Q F2(EMA)108 324 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 336 Q F2(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 +(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F3(t)2.535 E +F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F +(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 348 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F2(ENV)108 360 Q F0(Similar to) +144 360 Q F1 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F4(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 324 Q F0 2.717(Ac)144 -336 S .217(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.717 F F1 -.1 -(Pa)2.717 G(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C -.216(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .116 -(ignored by command search using)144 348 R F1 -.74(PA)2.616 G(TH)-.21 E -F0 5.116(.F)C .117 -(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.116 F 1.433 -(are not considered e)144 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 +(n)-2.5 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(EXECIGNORE) +108 372 Q F0 2.716(Ac)144 384 S .216 +(olon-separated list of shell patterns \(see)-2.716 F F2 -.1(Pa)2.717 G +(tter).1 E 2.717(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.717 E F0 2.717(\)d)C .217 +(e\214ning the list of \214lenames to be)-2.717 F .117 +(ignored by command search using)144 396 R F2 -.74(PA)2.617 G(TH)-.21 E +F0 5.117(.F)C .116 +(iles whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)-5.117 F 1.432 +(are not considered e)144 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.432 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.432(cution via).15 F F1 -.74(PA)144 372 S(TH)-.21 E F0 -2.908(lookup. This)2.908 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) --.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)2.908 E F0(,)A F1(test)2.908 E F0 -2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F1([[)2.908 E F0 2.909(commands. Full)2.908 F -(pathnames)2.909 E .364(in the command hash table are not subject to)144 -384 R F1(EXECIGNORE)2.864 E F0 5.364(.U)C .364(se this v)-5.364 F .364 -(ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F 1.37(library \214les that ha)144 396 R +(xe)-.15 G 1.433(cution via).15 F F2 -.74(PA)144 420 S(TH)-.21 E F0 +2.909(lookup. This)2.909 F .408(does not af)2.908 F .408(fect the beha) +-.25 F .408(vior of the)-.2 F F2([)2.908 E F0(,)A F2(test)2.908 E F0 +2.908(,a)C(nd)-2.908 E F2([[)2.908 E F0 2.908(commands. 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A)-.25 F .204 -(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 -(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 480 Q 2.5(As)5 -G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F2(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F1(FUNCNEST)108 -492 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 504 R .231 +(honors the setting of the)144 456 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.) +2.5 E F2(FCEDIT)108 468 Q F0(The def)144 480 Q(ault editor for the)-.1 E +F2(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E F2(FIGNORE)108 492 Q F0 +2.598(Ac)144 504 S .098(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E +.098(es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F1 +(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 516 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 +(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F1(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 +(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 528 Q 2.5(As)5 +G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F3(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A F2(FUNCNEST)108 +540 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v)144 552 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E -(cations that e)144 516 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)108 528 Q F0 2.923(Ac)144 540 S .423(olon-separated list of\ +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. 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Each)-3.126 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.126 F .625 +(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F1(HISTCONTR)144 +264 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 228 R 2.514(vious history line.) --.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 240 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F +F3(&)A F0(')A 2.515(matches the pre)144 276 R 2.515(vious history line.) +-.25 F(`)7.514 E F3(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 288 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(db).15 G .852(efore attempting a match.)-3.352 F .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 252 R --.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)3.77 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 264 Q F1(extglob)2.5 -E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1(HISTSIZE)108 276 Q F0 1.387 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 288 -R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 300 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.82(di).15 G 3.821(nt)-3.82 G 1.321 -(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.321(Numeric v)6.321 F 1.321 -(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 312 T .437 -(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.937(do).15 G 2.937(nt)-2.937 -G .437(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.937 F .436 -(The shell sets the def)5.436 F .436(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E -(to 500 after reading an)144 324 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E -F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 336 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 348 R .951 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952(\(3\) to print the)B .673 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 360 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) -3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 372 R +1.269(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 300 R +-.05(ga)-.15 G 1.269(rdless of the v).05 F 1.269(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(HISTIGNORE)3.769 E F2(.)A F0 +(The pattern matching honors the setting of the)144 312 Q F3(extglob)2.5 +E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F3(HISTSIZE)108 324 Q F0 1.387 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 336 +R F1(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) +-.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 348 S 1.321 +(lue is 0, commands are not sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.821(di).15 G 3.821 +(nt)-3.821 G 1.321(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.32(Numeric v)6.32 F 1.32 +(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 360 T .436 +(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.936(do).15 G 2.936(nt)-2.936 +G .436(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.936 F .437 +(The shell sets the def)5.437 F .437(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E +(to 500 after reading an)144 372 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E +F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 384 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 396 R .952 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F4(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 +(\(3\) to print the)B .672 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 408 +R F3(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) +3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 420 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 384 Q -F1(HOME)108 396 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 408 R 1.27(ault ar) --.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 420 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 432 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 444 R F4 +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 432 Q +F3(HOME)108 444 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 456 R 1.27(ault ar) +-.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F3(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 468 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F3 +(HOSTFILE)108 480 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 492 R F4 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 456 R .551 +.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 504 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 468 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 480 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F .517 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 492 R F1(bash)3.017 E F0 .517 -(attempts to read)3.017 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.684 E F0 .518 -(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.684 F(name completions.)144 504 -Q(When)5 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) -2.25 E F1(IFS)108 516 Q F0(The)144 516 Q F4 .556(Internal F)3.636 F .556 -(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556(that is used for w)3.786 F .556 -(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 -F -.1(wo)144 528 S(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 +1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 516 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F3(bash)144 528 Q F0 .138 +(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F .518 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 540 R F3(bash)3.018 E F0 .518 +(attempts to read)3.018 F F4(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517 +(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F(name completions.)144 552 +Q(When)5 E F1(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.) +2.25 E F3(IFS)108 564 Q F0(The)144 564 Q F4 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555 +(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556 +(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 +F -.1(wo)144 576 S(rds with the).1 E F3 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2 (bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E -(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 540 Q -F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 552 R .803 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F2(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) -144 564 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2 +(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F3(IGNOREEOF)108 588 Q +F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 600 R .803 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F1(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +144 612 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 -(on an input line before)144 576 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(on an input line before)144 624 R F3(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. If).15 F .302(the v)2.802 F .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 (xists b)-.15 F .302(ut does not ha)-.2 F .602 -.15(ve a n)-.2 H .302 -(umeric v).15 F .303(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 588 Q(alue, the def) +(umeric v).15 F .302(alue, or has)-.25 F(no v)144 636 Q(alue, the def) -.25 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is 10.)-.25 E(If it does not e)5 E(xist,)-.15 E -F2(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F1 -(INPUTRC)108 600 Q F0 1.436(The \214lename for the)144 612 R F1 -.18(re) +F1(EOF)2.5 E F0(signi\214es the end of input to the shell.)2.25 E F3 +(INPUTRC)108 648 Q F0 1.435(The \214lename for the)144 660 R F3 -.18(re) 3.936 G(adline).18 E F0 1.436(startup \214le, o)3.936 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.436(rriding the def).15 F 1.436(ault of)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)5.602 E(c) --.37 E F0(\(see)5.601 E F2(READLINE)3.935 E F0(belo)144 624 Q(w\).)-.25 -E F1(LANG)108 636 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 636 R -1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 -(gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E -(starting with)144 648 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 660 Q F0 .974 -(This v)144 672 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 -(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F F2(LANG)3.473 E F0 .973(and an) -3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G -.973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 684 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -(LC_COLLA)108 696 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 708 R .412(ariable det\ -ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 720 R 1.465 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(16)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.37 E F0(\(see)5.602 E F1(READLINE)3.936 E F0(belo)144 672 Q(w\).)-.25 +E F3(INSIDE_EMA)108 684 Q(CS)-.55 E F0 .887(If this v)144 696 R .887 +(ariable appears in the en)-.25 F .886(vironment when the shell starts,) +-.4 F F3(bash)3.386 E F0 .886(assumes that it is running)3.386 F +(inside an Emacs shell b)144 708 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and may disable line editing, depending on the v)-.25 E(alue of) +-.25 E F3(TERM)2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 +E(16)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(within pathname e) -144 84 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(LC_CTYPE)108 96 Q F0 1.935(This v)144 108 R 1.936 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(LANG)108 84 Q F0 1.239(Used to determine the locale cate)144 84 R +1.239(gory for an)-.15 F 3.739(yc)-.15 G(ate)-3.739 E 1.24 +(gory not speci\214cally selected with a v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E +(starting with)144 96 Q F1(LC_)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_ALL)108 108 Q F0 .974 +(This v)144 120 R .974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 +(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LANG)3.473 +E F0 .973(and an)3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 +-.25(va)3.473 G .973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 132 +Q(.)-.65 E F1(LC_COLLA)108 144 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 156 R .412 +(ariable determines the collation order used when sorting the results o\ +f pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 +168 R 1.465(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F +(within pathname e)144 180 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1 +(LC_CTYPE)108 192 Q F0 1.935(This v)144 204 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 120 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 132 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 144 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 216 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 228 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 240 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) -108 156 Q F0(This v)144 168 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 180 Q F0(This v) -144 192 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 204 Q F0 -.055(Used by the)144 204 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +108 252 Q F0(This v)144 264 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 276 Q F0(This v) +144 288 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 300 Q F0 +.055(Used by the)144 300 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 -(Automatically set if the)144 216 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 +(Automatically set if the)144 312 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 (option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 -(hell upon receipt of a).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGWINCH)144 228 Q/F3 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 240 Q F0 1.201 -(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 240 +(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F2(SIGWINCH)144 324 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 336 Q F0 1.201 +(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 336 R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 (riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 -(informs the user of the arri)144 252 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 +(informs the user of the arri)144 348 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 264 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 276 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 360 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 372 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) -2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) 5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 288 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F -(or set to a v)144 300 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ -l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 312 Q --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 324 S .49 +mpt.)144 384 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +(or set to a v)144 396 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ +l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 408 Q +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 420 S .49 (olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 (ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) -144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ +144 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ - with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 348 Q(xt of the message,) + with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 444 Q(xt of the message,) -.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 -(MAILP)144 360 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) +(MAILP)144 456 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 372 Q F0 .015 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 468 Q F0 .015 (can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ -ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 384 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 396 Q F0 .39 -(If set to the v)144 408 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 +ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 480 Q +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 492 Q F0 .39 +(If set to the v)144 504 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 (displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 --.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 420 R +-.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 516 R (UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 (OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in) -2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 432 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 444 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 -(The search path for commands.)144 444 R .587 +2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 528 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 540 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)144 540 R .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 456 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 552 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) 2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 468 S +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 564 S .536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 (indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 (null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 480 R .868 +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 576 R .868 (The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F(administrator who installs)144 492 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C +-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 588 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C (common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 504 Q -F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 516 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 528 R +(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 600 Q +F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 612 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 624 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 (posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 540 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 636 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 552 Q F1(bash)2.5 -E F0(enables)2.5 E F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F4(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 564 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 576 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 648 Q F1(bash) +4.497 E F0(enables)4.497 E F5 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C +4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F4 1.997 +(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.998(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +.15 E(When the shell enters)144 660 Q F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C +2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E +(as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 672 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 684 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) -108 588 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 600 R .676 +108 696 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 708 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 612 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 +(nents to retain when e)144 720 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) 3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E -(Characters remo)144 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 636 Q F0 1.174(The v) -144 636 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) --.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 -(w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 648 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 660 Q F0 .065(The v)144 660 R -.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) -2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 672 R -(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 684 Q F0 .117(The v)144 684 R .117 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) -5.118 E(def)144 696 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 708 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 708 R 1.115 -(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 720 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(17)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(17)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(PS4)108 84 Q F0 .1(The v)144 84 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 -F .1(xpanded as with)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101 -(and the v)2.35 F .101(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1 -(bash)144 96 Q F0 .335(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335 -(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .335(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-) -2.584 F(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5 -(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.) -.15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 -E F1(SHELL)108 120 Q F0 .663(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 132 -R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If) --.25 F .664(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 144 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 -E 2.5(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 156 Q(T)-.95 E F0 -.827(The v)144 168 R .826 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Characters remo) +144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 +E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS0)108 96 Q F0 1.174(The v)144 96 R 1.174 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see)-.15 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 +(w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 108 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 120 Q F0 .064(The v)144 120 R +.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) +2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 132 R +(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 144 Q F0 .118(The v)144 144 R .118 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) +5.117 E(def)144 156 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 168 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 168 R 1.115 +(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +144 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 192 Q F0 +.101(The v)144 192 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 204 Q F0 .334 +(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F +.335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F +(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 216 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 +G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E +(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 +(SHELL)108 228 Q F0 .664(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 240 R +.664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 +F .663(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 252 Q F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5 +(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 264 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826 +(The v)144 276 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 180 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 -(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 192 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 204 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 222 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)194 222 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 234 Q/F3 10 +3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 288 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 300 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +(and their meanings are as follo)144 312 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 330 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)194 330 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 342 Q/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 -234 Q F1(%[)144 246 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 246 Q F1(%[)144 258 Q +342 Q F1(%[)144 354 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 354 Q F1(%[)144 366 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 -258 Q F1(%P)144 270 Q F0 -(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 270 Q .87 -(The optional)144 286.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +366 Q F1(%P)144 378 Q F0 +(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 378 Q .87 +(The optional)144 394.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 298.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 310.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 -(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E -F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 322.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 339.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) +144 406.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 418.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E +F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 430.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 447.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 351.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 -(If this v)144 368.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) -144 380.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 459.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 +(If this v)144 476.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +144 488.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 -392.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +500.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E (wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 -404.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 416.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) +512.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 524.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 428.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F -.885(ing from a terminal.)144 440.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 -(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 452.4 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 536.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F +.886(ing from a terminal.)144 548.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 +(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 560.4 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 -F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 464.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 476.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 488.4 -R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 500.4 Q 2.5(su) --.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 512.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 -524.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 536.4 R +F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 572.4 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 584.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 596.4 +R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 608.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 620.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 632.4 +R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 644.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 548.4 S .367(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F -1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -560.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 572.4 Q 1.133 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 656.4 S .366(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F +1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +668.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 680.4 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 -(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 584.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 596.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 608.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E -F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 692.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 704.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 716.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E +F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 620.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 632.4 Q(.)-.55 -E F1(histchars)108 644.4 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 656.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G -4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F -2.07(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E -(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 668.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E -3.716(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G -1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 680.4 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B -.798(second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 692.4 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 704.4 R .575(The def) -5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 -(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ - that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 716.4 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 728.4 R 1.293 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(18)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 728.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(18)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 84 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 -(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Arrays)87 112.8 Q(Bash)108 124.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89 -(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891 -(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391 -(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891(ariable may be used as an) --3.641 F(inde)108 136.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the) --2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e) -.2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073 -(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F .328(an array)108 -148.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr)-.15 G .329 -(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G -2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.329(.I)-.65 G -(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329(rrays are refer)-2.829 -F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 160.8 R 1.595 -(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(identi\214er)144 +84 Q(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)108 96 Q F0 2.07(The tw) +144 108 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07 +(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07(xpansion and tok) +-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.569 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 120 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.216(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character) +3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G 1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798 +(signals the start of a history e)144 132 R .798(xpansion, normally `) +-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798(second character is the)3.298 F F3 +(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 144 Q F0 +(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G .239 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 156 R .575(The def)5.575 +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 +(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ + that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ +char)144 168 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 180 R 1.294 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 192 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 204 Q F1(Arrays)87 220.8 Q(Bash) +108 232.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 244.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.329(an array)108 256.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 268.8 R +1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -172.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +280.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 189.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.963 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 201.6 -Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F2(subscript)4.389 E F0 -1.549(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o) --7.348 E -.15(ex)108 213.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1 -(declar)4.48 E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 225.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G -(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 -(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E -(Associati)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E -F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -259.2 Q .941(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 -(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 --.18(re)3.44 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.44 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 271.2 Q -(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 288 R -F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F2(value)108 300 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F2 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 -(When assigning to inde)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 297.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 309.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A +F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F3(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 +E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E +4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.979 +(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 333.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 +E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3 +(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 350.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 +G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 367.2 Q .94 +(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) +-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E +(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 379.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 396 R +F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) +-4.147 F F3(value)108 408 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F3 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +(When assigning to inde)108 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 -(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 324 R -3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 336 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 352.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 369.6 R F1(declar) -2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 -381.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 432 R 3.91 +(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) +-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) +-3.911 F(Inde)108 444 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E +(When assigning to an associati)108 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 477.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 +489.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 393.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 405.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) +4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 501.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(of)108 513.6 Q F3(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 -G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 417.6 Q(An)108 434.4 Q -3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 446.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 +G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 525.6 Q(An)108 542.4 Q +3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.576 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 +(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +(con\215icts with pathname e)108 554.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 458.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 470.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F3(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B +.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 482.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 -(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 -494.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 -(within a w)108 506.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 +1.375(of the)108 590.4 R F2(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 +(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F3(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 +602.4 R F3(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F +2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 +(within a w)108 614.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -518.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 530.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +626.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 +F .228(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 542.4 -S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A -F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 650.4 +S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A +F0 3.386(]}. If)B F3(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 554.4 -R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F2(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 662.4 +R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 -(luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 566.4 R .929 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G -3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(indices count back from the end of the array)108 578.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G +2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 +(luates to a number).25 F .628 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 674.4 R .928 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G +3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(indices count back from the end of the array)108 686.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 -595.2 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +703.2 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) -108 607.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 +108 715.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 624 Q -(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E +F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(19)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 20 20 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(An array v)108 84 +Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 640.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F1 -(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 652.8 S .749 -(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 +.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 100.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 +(alues. ${)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A +F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 112.8 S .75(pand to the indices assigned in array v) +.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 -664.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 681.6 Q F1(unset) -2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +124.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 141.6 Q F1(unset) +2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 693.6 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474 -(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) --3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +-.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 153.6 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475 +(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) +-3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615 -(described abo)108 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.614 E F2 -(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 717.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614 +(described abo)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.615 E F2 +(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 177.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 (subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 (or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 20 20 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .847 -(When using a v)108 84 R .848(ariable name with a subscript as an ar) --.25 F .848(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 96 R -.345(ord e)-.1 F .345(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.845(,t).15 G .345(he ar)-2.845 F .344 -(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-) -2.844 E(name e)108 108 Q(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E -(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e) --.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re) -3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F -F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F1<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 -(option to specify an associati)108 136.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .848(When using a v)108 194.4 R .848 +(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .848 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C +(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 206.4 R .344(ord e)-.1 F .344 +(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.845(,t).15 G .345 +(he ar)-2.845 F .345(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.845 E(name e)108 218.4 Q +(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E +(The)108 235.2 Q F1(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.574 E F0 +3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G +1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 +(rray and a)-3.573 F F1<ad41>3.573 E F0 .338 +(option to specify an associati)108 247.2 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) -2.838 F F1<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 -(accepts a)108 148.8 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 +5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +(accepts a)108 259.2 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 160.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E -(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 177.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 189.6 R 3.26 +-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 271.2 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 288 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perform\ +ed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 300 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 -E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .37 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 213.6 Q F0(,).24 E F3(arithmetic e) -2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .419(The order of e)108 230.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 -(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S -.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 254.4 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 271.2 R -.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 283.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) +2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e) +2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 324 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)2.5 +E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E +F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 E +.418(The order of e)108 340.8 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 +(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S +.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 364.8 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 381.6 R +.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 393.6 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .002(After these e)108 300 R .003 +-.15 E .003(After these e)108 410.4 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 -(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 312 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F3(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 328.8 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191 +-.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 +(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 +E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 439.2 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F --.15(ex)108 340.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 -F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.745 -("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 -(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.744 E F3 -(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 364.8 S -(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 381.6 -Q F3(Br)108.58 393.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F +-.15(ex)108 451.2 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 +F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 463.2 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.744 +("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 +(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.745 E F2 +(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 475.2 S +(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 492 Q +F2(Br)108.58 504 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 405.6 Q F3 .415 -(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 516 Q F2 .415(pathname e) +2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 417.6 R F3(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 528 R F2(pr)2.652 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 429.6 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G -.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 -(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 441.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 453.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 470.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 -F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 540 R .563 +(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563 +(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\ +ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \ +resulting string, e)108 552 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +564 Q .718(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 +(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 482.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) -108 499.2 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 -(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A -F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F3(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F3(y) -3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 511.2 Q F3(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +108 592.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) +108 609.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A +F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y) +3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -523.2 R F3(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F3(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) --2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .078 -(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 535.2 R .015(When either)5.015 F F3(x)2.515 E F0(or) -2.515 E F3(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 +633.6 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 +(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 +(same width.)108 645.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) +2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 547.2 R +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 657.6 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.064(pands to each character le) -.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E -F3(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 -(that both)108 571.2 R F3(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F3(y)3.483 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 669.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E +F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 +(that both)108 681.6 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 583.2 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 600 -R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 612 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 624 Q(xt of the e) --.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac) -108 640.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must \ -contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F -3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 652.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F -5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 664.8 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 -.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 676.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 -(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 688.8 Q -(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ -ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ -gs to be generated is)108 705.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 717.6 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E(between each term.)108 693.6 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 +710.4 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.209 +(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.209(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209 +(It is strictly te)6.209 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)6.209 E F0 1.209 +(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.208 +(yntactic interpretation to the)-3.709 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(20)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 84 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E -(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 96 Q(cho)144 108 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E -(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618 -(Brace e)108 124.8 R .618 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(conte)108 84 Q +(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) +-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 +(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ +t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441 +(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(unchanged. A)108 124.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E +F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .255(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-) +-.15 E 2.911(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 148.8 Q +(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ +ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ +gs to be generated is)108 165.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 177.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 +194.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 206.4 Q(cho)144 +218.4 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 +E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 235.2 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) -5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 136.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 160.8 Q F0 -.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 -(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 172.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 271.2 Q F0 +.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 +(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +(If strict compatibility with)108 283.2 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 184.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 295.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 201.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 213.6 R 1.087(ord be) --.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ -slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ -ed a)108 225.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ -\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 237.6 R -.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 249.6 Q -.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 324 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 +F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087 +('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ + \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) +108 336 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .726 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .523 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 261.6 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 273.6 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 290.4 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .093 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 400.8 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 302.4 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 412.8 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 314.4 R F2(N)4.141 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.142 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -326.4 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 338.4 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G -.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 +436.8 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 448.8 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G +.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 350.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 367.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 460.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 384 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 494.4 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.467(these cases, tilde e)108 396 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 -(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 408 -Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 -(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E -F1 -.1(Pa)87 424.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 436.8 R -F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F -1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 448.8 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 460.8 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -472.8 Q 1.189 -(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -489.6 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -501.6 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 513.6 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 530.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(})A 1.204(The v)144 542.4 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 554.4 R F2(par)4.014 E +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E +.468(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 +518.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E +(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 535.2 R .023 +(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F +.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 547.2 Q .77 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 +.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +-.15(ex)108 559.2 S(cept for the).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 +(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F2 +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(Pa)87 576 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 +1.605(The `)108 588 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 600 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 +(tect the v)108 612 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 624 +Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) +108 640.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 652.8 R 2.15 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 664.8 S +(pansion.).15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 +(The v)144 693.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F +F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 705.6 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 566.4 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 578.4 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 717.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 729.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 595.2 R F2(par)2.846 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F -F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G -(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 607.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634 -(lo).25 G 2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F1(Bash) -5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 619.2 R 1.003 -(ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 -(xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .257 -(rather than the v)108 631.2 R .257(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.757 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.757(itself. This)2.757 F .257(is kno)2.757 F .257 -(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.757 E .257(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.257 -(.T)C .257(he v)-5.257 F .258(alue is subject to tilde)-.25 F -.15(ex) -108 643.2 S 2.767(pansion, parameter e).15 F 2.766 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 5.266 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)5.266 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.766(is a)5.266 F -.461(nameref, this e)108 655.2 R .461(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F -.461(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.961 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .462 -(instead of performing the com-)2.961 F 2.419(plete indirect e)108 667.2 -R 4.919(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.919 G 2.418 -(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.418(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.918(}a)C 2.418(nd ${)-4.918 F F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A .464(described belo)108 679.2 R 4.264 -.65 -(w. T)-.25 H .464(he e).65 F .464 -(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 2.965(wt)-.25 G .465 -(he left brace in order to introduce indi-)-2.965 F(rection.)108 691.2 Q -.334(In each of the cases belo)108 708 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 720 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(21)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(21)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.089 -(When not performing substring e)108 84 R 1.089 -(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.59 E -F0 1.09(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 96 Q(Om\ -itting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 -E(${)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 124.8 R(alues)-.92 E -F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723 -(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E -(wise, the v)144 136.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004(Assign Default V)144 160.8 R(alues)-.92 -E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 -(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E -(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 172.8 Q(ameter)-.15 -E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 -E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .346 +(If the \214rst character of)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.846 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C +2.847(ti)-2.847 G(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 96 S -2.15 -.25(ev e) +-2.907 H 2.907(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F2(Bash) +5.406 E F0 .406(uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 +(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F1(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F1(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 108 Q F0 +2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 +(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 120 Q F1(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 +(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 132 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 F +2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(name of the parameter referenced by)108 144 R F1(par)4.01 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 156 R .387(xceptions to this are the e) +-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A +F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .387 +(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 +E(tion point must immediately follo)108 168 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G +(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E .334 +(In each of the cases belo)108 184.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E(d) +-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e) +-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 +196.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089(When not performing substring e)108 213.6 +R 1.089(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 +G(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 +(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 225.6 Q(Omitti\ +ng the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 242.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F2 .723(Use Default V)144 254.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 +E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F +.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 266.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 278.4 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 290.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1 +(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F +2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 +(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 +G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 184.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 196.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F1 .535(Display Err)144 208.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 -(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 220.8 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 314.4 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 326.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2 .535(Display Err)144 338.4 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 350.4 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F -(interacti)144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 244.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 256.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(interacti)144 362.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 374.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 386.4 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 268.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 280.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 292.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 304.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 -E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 398.4 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 410.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 422.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) +144 434.4 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 +E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 -(character speci\214ed by)144 316.8 R F2(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 -(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E +(character speci\214ed by)144 446.4 R F1(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 +(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F1(*) -3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 328.8 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F2(*) +3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 458.4 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 -(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) +(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) 3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 -(substring of the v)144 340.8 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E +(substring of the v)144 470.4 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F -F2(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) --.15 F .847(end of the v)144 352.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 -(and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F +F1(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) +-.15 F .847(end of the v)144 482.4 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0 +(and)3.346 E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 364.8 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 388.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 494.4 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 518.4 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 400.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G +.046(end of the v)144 530.4 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 412.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 424.8 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +(of)144 542.4 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 554.4 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 436.8 Q -.2 -(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 460.8 Q F2(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 -E F1(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F2(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 566.4 Q -.2 +(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 590.4 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 +E F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 +E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) 2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 472.8 R .6 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 602.4 R .6 (en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G 3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 484.8 +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 614.4 R 5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G -.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F2(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 496.8 Q(If)144 520.8 Q F2 +.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 626.4 Q(If)144 650.4 Q F1 (par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --3.014 F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 -(the array be)144 532.8 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 +-3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 +(the array be)144 662.4 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 (is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo) -.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 544.8 R +.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 674.4 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079 (.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079 -(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F2(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 -(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 556.8 Q(Substring e)144 -580.8 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 604.8 -R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, i\ -n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 616.8 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def) --.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.806 E F0 -.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 628.8 Q(${)108 645.6 -Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 657.6 Q F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084(Names matching pr)144 669.6 R -(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084 -(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 681.6 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 -.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.757 E F0 .257 -(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F -(within double quotes, each v)144 693.6 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(22)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 +(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 686.4 Q(Substring e)144 +710.4 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(22)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]}) -A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.035 -(List of array k)144 108 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F2(name) -4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.93 +(Substring inde)144 84 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional\ + parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 96 Q .307 +(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.806 E F0 .306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E +(to the list.)144 108 Q(${)108 124.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 +(*)A F0(})A(${)108 136.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 +.084(Names matching pr)144 148.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) +-2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 160.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F +.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 172.8 Q +(ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 +189.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 201.6 Q F2(!)A F1 +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 213.6 R(eys) +-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) +4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.596(assigned in)144 120 R F2(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F2 +.596(assigned in)144 225.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F1 (name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F2(@)144 132 Q F0 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 237.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -148.8 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 160.8 S .47 +254.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 266.4 S .47 (rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) --5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -172.8 Q F0(is)4.439 E F1(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F1(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 +(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +278.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 (,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F2(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 -(array name subscripted by)144 184.8 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) +6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 +(array name subscripted by)144 290.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F2(par)145.25 196.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 (is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 (rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 208.8 R 1.272 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 314.4 R 1.272 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 220.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 237.6 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 249.6 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 261.6 +144 326.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 343.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 355.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 367.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F -(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 +(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.543(name e)144 273.6 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 -(ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +.543(name e)144 379.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +(ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) 4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 285.6 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E +144 391.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721 (he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 -(then the result of the e)144 297.6 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 +(then the result of the e)144 403.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 -309.6 R(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 -(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F2(par)3.933 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F1(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 321.6 Q F1(*)3.018 E +415.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 427.2 Q F2(*)3.018 E F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 333.6 R(If) -6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F -1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*) -3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 345.6 Q -.25 +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 439.2 R(If) +6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F +1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*) +3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 451.2 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 357.6 Q(${)108 -374.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 -386.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo) -144 398.4 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 -E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F2(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F -.146(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 -410.4 S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 422.4 S(tter) -.1 E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I) --.25 H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092 -(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-4.592 F 2.092 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 434.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F2 +-2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 463.2 Q(${)108 +480 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 492 +Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 +504 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 +5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 516 +S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 528 S(tter).1 +E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25 +H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) +-4.592 F 2.092(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 540 Q +(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 +(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 446.4 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.565 -.74 -('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 -E F1(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F2 -(par)145.25 458.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 -E F1(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 -G 2.659(lo).25 G .16 +(matching pattern \(the `)144 552 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D +1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2 +(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par) +145.25 564 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2 +(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G +2.659(lo).25 G .16 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51 -(and the e)144 470.4 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) -5.51 E F2(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F1(*)3.009 E -F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 482.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G +(and the e)144 576 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.51 +E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F2(*)3.009 E +F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 588 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G .422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 494.4 Q(${)108 -511.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0 -(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 523.2 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 -E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F +-2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 600 Q(${)108 +616.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 +(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 628.8 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 +E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion,)144 535.2 Q F2 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 -(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern)3.7 E -F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2 -(string)144 547.2 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 -(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F1 -.1 +-.15 E(sion,)144 640.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 +(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E +F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1 +(string)144 652.8 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 +(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F2 -.1 (Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E -4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 559.2 Q F0(be) -2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 -(ll matches of)-2.569 F F2(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) -2.569 F F2(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 -(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 571.2 R -F2(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F1(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 +4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 664.8 Q F0(be) +2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 +(ll matches of)-2.569 F F1(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) +2.569 F F1(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 +(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 676.8 R +F1(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 (,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 -(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 583.2 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F2 -(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.261 E F0 +(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 688.8 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 +(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F -.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F2(string)144 595.2 Q F0 .958 -(is null, matches of)3.458 F F2(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 -(are deleted and the)3.458 F F1(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E -F2(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F -F1(nocasematch)144 607.2 Q F0 .492 +.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 700.8 Q F0 .958 +(is null, matches of)3.458 F F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 +(are deleted and the)3.458 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E +F1(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F +F2(nocasematch)144 712.8 Q F0 .492 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.) -144 619.2 R(If)5.884 E F2(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F1(@) -3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F1(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 -(he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F 1.002 -(parameter in turn, and the e)144 631.2 R 1.002 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E F2(par)4.752 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002(ariable sub-)-.25 F -.159(scripted with)144 643.2 R F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F1(*)2.659 E -F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member \ -of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 655.2 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 672 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 684 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1 -(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 696 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2 -(pattern)A F0(})A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(23)193.45 -E 0 Cg EP +144 724.8 R(If)5.884 E F1(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F2(@) +3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 +(he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(23)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 96 R F0 5.437(.T)C -.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.002 +(parameter in turn, and the e)144 84 R 1.002 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(par)4.752 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002 +(ariable sub-)-.25 F .159(scripted with)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitutio\ +n operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F +(the e)144 108 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 124.8 Q +F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 136.8 Q F1(par) +A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 148.8 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 160.8 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation) +144 172.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 108 Q F0 -1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 184.8 Q +F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 120 S -1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 196.8 +S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -132 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F 5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 144 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +-.15(ve)144 220.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 156 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 -(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F +1.548(letters to lo)144 232.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E +F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 168 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 E -F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 +E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 180 Q F0 .78 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 256.8 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 192 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 204 R(If)5.469 E F1 +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 268.8 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 280.8 R(If)5.469 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 216 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 232.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 244.8 S .86 +ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 292.8 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 309.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 321.6 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 256.8 R F1 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 333.6 R F1 (par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F .153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -268.8 Q F2(Q)144 292.8 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 292.8 R 1.064 +345.6 Q F2(Q)144 369.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 369.6 R 1.064 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) 3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 304.8 Q F2(E)144 316.8 Q F0 .441(The e)180 316.8 R +(reused as input.)180 381.6 Q F2(E)144 393.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 393.6 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 328.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 340.8 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 340.8 R +-.15(ex)180 405.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 417.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 417.6 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 352.8 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 364.8 Q F0 1.138 -(The e)180 364.8 R 1.138 +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 429.6 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 441.6 Q F0 1.138 +(The e)180 441.6 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 376.8 Q +F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 453.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 388.8 Q F0 -(The e)180 388.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 465.6 Q F0 +(The e)180 465.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 405.6 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 417.6 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) +-4.08 F -.15(ex)144 494.4 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) 5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -429.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 -(The result of the e)144 453.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F +506.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 +(The result of the e)144 530.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 -F(belo)144 465.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 482.4 Q F1 -1.698(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +F(belo)144 542.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 559.2 Q F1 +1.698(Command substitution)108 571.2 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 (ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 523.2 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 535.2 Q F2<92>144 547.2 Q F1(command) -A F2<92>A(Bash)108 564 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 583.2 Q F2($\()144 600 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 612 Q F2<92>144 624 Q F1(command)A F2 +<92>A(Bash)108 640.8 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 (xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.588 E F0 .089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 576 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 -F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 588 -R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)-.1 F -.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le)2.692 -E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 600 Q -.25(va)-.25 G -(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 +108 652.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) +108 664.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le) +2.692 E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 676.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 +G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 616.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 628.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 693.6 R(xcept)-.15 E +.314(when follo)108 705.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 <92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 640.8 R 1.387(using the $\() +sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 717.6 R 1.387(using the $\() 3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G 3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 652.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 669.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H -.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 681.6 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 698.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 -E(24)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(mand; none are treated specially)108 729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(24)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 84 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F +(quotes with backslashes.)108 96 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 112.8 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 124.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Arithmetic Expansion)87 141.6 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 153.6 R 1.034 (xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 (luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 -124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A -F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 +(The format for arithmetic e)108 165.6 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 182.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 +(\)\))A F0(The)108 199.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 +.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 (ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 153.6 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +(treated specially)108 211.2 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) -.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 -(tution, and quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F +(tution, and quote remo)108 223.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F 1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 177.6 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 194.4 -R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +-.15(ex)108 235.2 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 252 R +-.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 206.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 264 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 223.2 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 235.2 Q .405(ocess substitution) +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 280.8 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 292.8 Q .405(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 247.2 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 304.8 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 (list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 (nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 259.2 R .148 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 316.8 R .148 (gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 (xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 271.2 R .559 +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 328.8 R .559 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G (he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 283.2 Q .309 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 340.8 Q .309 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) --5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 295.2 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 352.8 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 312 R -.25(va)-.2 -G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously with pa\ -rameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 324 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 340.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 352.8 R 1.142 +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 369.6 R -.25(va) +-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ +h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 381.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 398.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 410.4 R 1.142 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 364.8 Q +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 422.4 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 381.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 439.2 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 393.6 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +108 451.2 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F .207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 405.6 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +(,)A .836(the def)108 463.2 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 (<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 (<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 417.6 R .345 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 475.2 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 429.6 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 487.2 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -441.6 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 +499.2 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) -.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 -(ter is in the v)108 453.6 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) +(ter is in the v)108 511.2 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) 3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 (that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 -(along with an)108 465.6 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 +(along with an)108 523.2 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) 5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 (whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 -477.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E +535.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927 -(Explicit null ar)108 494.4 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G -F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 +(Explicit null ar)108 552 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0 +(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 506.4 R .485 +6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 564 R .485 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 -E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 518.4 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 576 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 (xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 (gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 -(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 530.4 R .724 +(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 588 R .724 (When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 542.4 S .175 +.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 600 S .175 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 /Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>2.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F5<ad64>2.676 -E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 -554.4 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 -571.2 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 -588 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 600 R .371 +E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 612 +Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 628.8 +Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 645.6 +S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 657.6 R .371 (ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371 (option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F .37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 (,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 612 R .677 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 669.6 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 -(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 624 R +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 681.6 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) 2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F .008 -(are found, and the shell option)108 636 R F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 +(are found, and the shell option)108 693.6 R F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 (is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009 (If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443 -(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 648 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F +(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 705.6 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442 (shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38 -(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 660 R +(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 717.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F1 (nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 -(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 672 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 -(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 684 R .377 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.354(matched e)108 696 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +(When a pattern is used)5.103 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(25)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 26 26 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .377 +(for pathname e)108 84 R .377(xpansion, the character)-.15 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .378 +(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.354(matched e)108 96 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.854(,u)-.65 G 1.354(nless the shell option)-3.854 F F1(dotglob)3.854 E F0 1.354(is set.)3.854 F 1.354(The \214lenames)6.354 F F1 -.63(``)3.854 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F1 -.63(``)3.853 G(..).63 E -.63 ('')-.55 G F0 1.353(must al)6.983 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.353(ys be).1 F .485 -(matched e)108 708 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.985(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.235 G +(matched e)108 108 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.985(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.235 G 2.985(ni).15 G(f)-2.985 E F1(dotglob)2.985 E F0 .485(is set.)2.985 F .485(In other cases, the)5.485 F F1 -.63(``)2.985 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .486(character is not treated specially)5.485 F 5.486(.W)-.65 G (hen)-5.486 E .115(matching a pathname, the slash character must al)108 -720 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .114(ys be matched e).1 F .114 -(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .114(ut in)-.2 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 26 26 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .581 -(other matching conte)108 84 R .581 +120 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .114(ys be matched e).1 F .114 +(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .114(ut in)-.2 F .581 +(other matching conte)108 132 R .581 (xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) --.15 F 3.081(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.081 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.081 -G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E(Matching)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.073(See the description of)4.573 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.573 E -F0(belo)2.573 E 2.573(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.573 E F1 .072(SHELL B)2.572 F -(UIL)-.09 E .072(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .072(for a description of the) -2.322 F F3(nocaseglob)108 108 Q F0(,)A F3(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F3 -(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F3(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13 -(shell v)2.38 F .131 +-.15 F 3.081(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.081 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.081 +G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E(Matching)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +.073(See the description of)4.573 F F1(shopt)2.573 E F0(belo)2.573 E +2.573(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.573 E F2 .072(SHELL B)2.572 F(UIL)-.09 E .072 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .072(for a description of the)2.322 F F1 +(nocaseglob)108 156 Q F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E +F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 +172.8 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E -F1(GLO-)2.631 E(BIGNORE)108 136.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214\ -le name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE) -4.515 E F0(is)4.264 E(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G -1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F3 +F2(GLO-)2.631 E(BIGNORE)108 184.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214\ +le name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) +4.515 E F0(is)4.264 E(remo)108 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G +1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1 (nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F -1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 160.8 Q F0 .147 +1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 .147 (is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F -.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F3 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F3 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 -(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 -172.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 +.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 +(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 +220.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 184.8 R F3(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 232.8 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 (shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F3 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 196.8 Q +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 244.8 Q 1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F -F3 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F3 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 -(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F2(.)A F0(The)108 -208.8 Q F3(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F1 +F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) +-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F3(.)A F0(The)108 +256.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2 (GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 220.8 Q F3 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F3 -.1(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).1 E -2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 254.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 268.8 Q F1 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 285.6 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 302.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62 -(itself. The)108 266.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +(itself. The)108 314.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) 3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12 (wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 278.4 R .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 326.4 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 290.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 307.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3(*)144 324 Q F0 .377(Matches an) -180 324 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F3(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 -(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 336 Q F3(*)3.275 E F0 .775 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 338.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 355.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 372 Q F0 .377(Matches an) +180 372 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 +(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 384 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) --.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F3(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 +-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 (sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ - or more directories and subdirectories.)180 348 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 -F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F3(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 360 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G -(djacent)-2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F3(?)144 372 Q F0 -(Matches an)180 372 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 -([...])144 384 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 384 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 + or more directories and subdirectories.)180 396 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 +F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 408 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G +(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 420 Q F0 +(Matches an)180 420 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +([...])144 432 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 432 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 (ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 (air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 396 R F4 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +(denotes a)180 444 R F4 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 (haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G -.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 408 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 +.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 (ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) -6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 420 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F3 -([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F3(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F3 +6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 468 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F1 +([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 (^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 (haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 432 R .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 480 R .895 (xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 444 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) -2.625 E F1(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +180 492 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 (ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 456 R .067 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F3([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F --.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F3([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 468 R F3(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F3(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C -2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F3(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F3<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 504 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 516 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F1<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 480 R(A)5.193 E F3(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 492 Q -.4(Wi)180 -510 S(thin).4 E F3([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F3(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15 +180 528 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 540 Q -.4(Wi)180 +558 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15 (ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F3([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F3 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1 (:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 522 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F3 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 534 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 546 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 558 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 -G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F3 -.1 +180 570 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 582 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 594 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.29(Ac)180 606 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 (wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 570 Q -.4(Wi) -180 588 S(thin).4 E F3([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F3(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 618 Q -.4(Wi) +180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 (,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F3([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F3(=]) +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=]) A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 600 R -(the character)180 612 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 630 S(thin).4 E F3 -([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F3([.)2.5 -E F4(symbol)A F3(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 646.8 R F3(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F3(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 648 R +(the character)180 660 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 678 S(thin).4 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 +E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -658.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +706.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F3(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 670.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F3(?\()144 694.8 Q F4 -(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 706.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +108 718.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(26)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(*\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E -F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list) -.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 156 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 168 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 -184.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 -(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +SF(?\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E +F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list).833 +E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 156 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 168 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15 +E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E +.968(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F +.968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 196.8 R 1.23 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 220.8 R 1.23 (Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F (using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 -208.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 225.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 -E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 237.6 R 1.112 +232.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 249.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 +E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 249.6 Q .3 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 266.4 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 290.4 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 -(by the shell.)108 290.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +(by the shell.)108 314.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 302.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +-.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 (Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 314.4 R -.15 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 338.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 -326.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +350.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 .875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G -.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 338.4 Q 2.5 +.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 355.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) -108 367.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) +108 391.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 379.2 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 403.2 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 391.2 Q +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 415.2 Q F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 (de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 (varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 403.2 R 1.238 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238 (yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 (wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(himself.)108 415.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 432 R .283(wing description\ +(himself.)108 439.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 456 R .283(wing description\ s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\ -r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 444 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 +r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 456 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 480 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 472.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 496.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 484.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 496.8 R +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 520.8 R .867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 508.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 525.6 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 542.4 Q F1(>)2.5 +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 549.6 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 566.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 559.2 -Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 576 +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 583.2 +Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 600 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 592.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 616.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 604.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 621.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 +(output before the standard output w)108 628.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) -.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 633.6 R .977 +(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 657.6 R .977 (the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 (is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 645.6 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 662.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 674.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 669.6 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 698.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(27) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 -96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 +96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr) +-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q +(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 +168 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host) +192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host) 2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) -2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 (ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 266.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 278.4 Q F2 +108 290.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 302.4 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output) +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output) -.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 340.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8 +108 364.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8 R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 364.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +-.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C .155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) 2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 427.2 R +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 451.2 R .657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 (ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 (option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642 +492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 .473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q +528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -578.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 595.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +602.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 619.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 612 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 624 Q F1(>&)144 636 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 648 Q F1(>&)144 660 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor) +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) -.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(28)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(28)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3779,7 +3805,7 @@ F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(29)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3903,8 +3929,8 @@ F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) -.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 -E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 +E(30)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4044,7 +4070,7 @@ E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) 5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F (of decreasing precedence.)108 691.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(31)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4144,7 +4170,7 @@ R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(32)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4234,7 +4260,7 @@ F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 679.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)144 691.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(33)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4360,8 +4386,8 @@ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) (subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 722.4 R .329 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(34)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(34)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4450,7 +4476,7 @@ G 2.858(cation. 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When) (.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc) .1 G .197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) -2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(35)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4595,8 +4621,8 @@ G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 686.4 R F3(diso) (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -727.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(36) -193.45 E 0 Cg EP +727.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(36) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4738,7 +4764,8 @@ R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 (ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 715.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(37)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4839,7 +4866,8 @@ story \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 F(description of the)108 698.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(38)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4964,8 +4992,8 @@ E F4(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F4 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161 .15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 676.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) 144 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E (Meta-Rubout: backw)144 712.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(39)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(Control-o: "> output")144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(39)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5060,7 +5088,8 @@ E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) -.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A (readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 708 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(40)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(40)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5165,8 +5194,8 @@ R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg -EP +144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(41)194.555 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5276,8 +5305,8 @@ E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 .15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 684 Q F0(If set to)144 696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP +(*)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(42)194.555 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5382,8 +5411,8 @@ F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -.2 G 2.815(ilable. 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.633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 +.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) +144 446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +-.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 +(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.207 E +F2<ad44>3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 494.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 Q 1.437 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .876 +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R +(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) +-3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 R(The)5.447 E +F2<ad49>2.947 E F0 .448 +(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.335 +(should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment w)144 530.4 R +1.334(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F .43(delimiter such as) +144 542.4 R F2(;)2.93 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(|)2.93 E F0 2.93(,w)C .431 +(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.93 F .431 +(If multiple options are sup-)5.431 F .708(plied, the)144 554.4 R F2 +<ad44>3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 +F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 +<ad49>3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H +(f).15 E F2<ad44>3.207 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 566.4 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) +-2.603 E F2<ad49>2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 +G(ther)-2.603 E F3(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 578.4 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -542.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +602.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 638.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 -(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) -144 590.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E -F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 602.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 614.4 Q -F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 626.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F2<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) +144 650.4 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F2<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E +F2<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 662.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 674.4 Q +F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 686.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 638.4 Q F3 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 650.4 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 662.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E -F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -674.4 Q F2(default)184 686.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 686.4 R 5.376 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 -(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(58)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 698.4 Q F3 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(58)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name completion if th\ -e compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames)184 108 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \214lenam\ -es, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134 -(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 -(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(noquote) -184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 168 S .814 +SF(bashdefault)184 84 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 96 R +(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281 +(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 108 Q F1 +(default)184 120 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 120 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef) +-5.375 E 2.876(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) +-.1 F(matches.)224 132 Q F1(dir)184 144 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ +tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 156 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 180 S .137(ll readline that the co\ +mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 +G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 192 R 2.634 +(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F +.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 204 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 216 Q F1(noquote) +184 228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 228 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 180 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 192 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 192 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 204 S +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 240 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 252 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 252 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 264 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 264 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 216 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 228 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 228 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 276 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 288 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 288 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 240 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 252 -Q F1<ad41>144 264 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 276 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 300 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 312 +Q F1<ad41>144 324 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 336 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -288 Q F0(Alias names.)224 288 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 300 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 312 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 324 Q(Readline)224 324 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 336 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 336 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 348 -Q F0(Command names.)224 360 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 372 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 384 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 396 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 408 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -420 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 420 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -432 Q F0(Names of e)224 432 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +348 Q F0(Alias names.)224 348 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 360 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 372 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 384 Q(Readline)224 384 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 396 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 396 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 408 +Q F0(Command names.)224 420 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 432 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 444 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 456 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 468 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +480 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 480 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +492 Q F0(Names of e)224 492 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -444 Q F0(File names.)224 444 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 456 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 468 -Q F1(gr)184 480 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 480 Q +504 Q F0(File names.)224 504 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 516 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 528 +Q F1(gr)184 540 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 540 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -492 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 504 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 516 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 528 +552 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 564 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 576 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 588 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 540 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 552 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 564 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 600 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 600 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 612 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 624 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -576 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 576 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 588 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 588 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 600 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 600 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 +636 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 648 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 648 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 660 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 660 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 612 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 612 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 624 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 624 Q F1(stopped)184 636 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 648 Q F0(User names.)224 648 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 660 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 660 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 672 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 684 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 -(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg -EP +(shopt)184 672 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 672 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 684 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 684 Q F1(stopped)184 696 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 708 Q F0(User names.)224 708 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(59)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad46>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 .113 -(The shell function)184 96 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +SF -.1(va)184 84 S(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 84 Q 2.5 +(ariables. May)-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A +F1<ad43>144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 108 Q +F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F +1.056(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F +(completions.)184 120 Q F1<ad46>144 132 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 144 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 108 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 156 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 120 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 168 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 132 R .104 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) --2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 144 R -.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 156 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 168 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 -(The pathname e)184 180 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 192 Q F1<ad50>144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 216 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 180 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 192 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 204 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 216 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 +(The pathname e)184 228 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 240 Q F1<ad50>144 252 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 264 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 228 Q F1<ad53>144 240 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 240 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 276 Q F1<ad53>144 288 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 288 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 252 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 -(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 -(each resultant w)184 276 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 -F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 -3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 288 Q .766 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 300 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 312 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 +(each resultant w)184 324 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) +-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 +E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 336 Q .765 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 300 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 348 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.464 F(match the w)184 312 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 324 -Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 336 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 348 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 360 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 372 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +6.465 F(match the w)184 360 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 372 +Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 384 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 396 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 408 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 420 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 388.8 R .466 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 436.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 400.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 412.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 448.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 460.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 441.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 453.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 465.6 Q F2(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +F1(compopt)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 489.6 +R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 501.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 513.6 Q F2(name) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 477.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) --5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 -(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 489.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 525.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 +(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F +1.228(the `)144 537.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 501.6 R 2.178 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 513.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.387(The return v)144 537.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 549.6 R 2.038 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 +(should apply to `)144 561.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) +-4.039 F(The)144 573.6 Q F1<ad49>3.205 E F0 .705(option indicates that \ +other supplied options should apply to completion on the inital non-) +3.205 F .868(assignment w)144 585.6 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) +-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 597.6 Q 1.387(The return v)144 621.6 +R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 549.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 633.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 566.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 578.4 R 1.754 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 650.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 662.4 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 (select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 590.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 674.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F5 10 /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 602.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 686.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 (The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 614.4 Q F1(declar)108 631.2 -Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 655.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) -3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 667.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 679.2 Q F2(name)2.774 E -F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) -2.775 F(without)144 691.2 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 703.2 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -715.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 -727.2 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ -of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(60)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .948 -(name and attrib)144 84 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the)5.948 -F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C +F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A +F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 108 R +1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib) +.15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C +1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265 +(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 120 S +3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)2.774 E F0 +(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66> +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.) +-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F +(without)144 144 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 156 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 +F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 E F0 +(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 168 R +.62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The) +-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F +1.29(to shell functions.)144 180 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(o\ +ption inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the function) +3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 192 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948 +(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.19 E F0 1.69 -(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0 -(option)4.19 E(implies)144 108 Q F1<ad66>3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 -E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 +204 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F +(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 216 Q F1<ad66> +3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391 +(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 120 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 228 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 (is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F 1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F -(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 132 R +(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 240 R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 144 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 -<ad61>144 156 Q F0(Each)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 +1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 252 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 +<ad61>144 264 Q F0(Each)180 264 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 168 Q F0(Each)180 -168 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) +E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 276 Q F0(Each)180 +276 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) .15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 180 Q F0(Use function names only)180 180 Q(.)-.65 -E F1<ad69>144 192 Q F0 .557(The v)180 192 R .558 +(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 288 Q F0(Use function names only)180 288 Q(.)-.65 +E F1<ad69>144 300 Q F0 .557(The v)180 300 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 204 Q F0(abo)2.25 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 312 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 216 Q F0 .91 -(When the v)180 216 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 324 Q F0 .91 +(When the v)180 324 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 228 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 240 Q -F0(Gi)180 240 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 348 Q +F0(Gi)180 348 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) 3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.519(That other v)180 252 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F +1.519(That other v)180 360 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F 1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 264 Q .226 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 372 Q .226 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 (xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F1<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 276 R +2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 384 R .809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D 3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 288 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 300 Q F0 -(Mak)180 300 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E +F(applied to array v)180 396 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 408 Q F0 +(Mak)180 408 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F -2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 312 -Q F1<ad74>144 324 Q F0(Gi)180 324 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 420 +Q F1<ad74>144 432 Q F0(Gi)180 432 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 (name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 336 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 348 -Q F0 .909(When the v)180 348 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 444 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 456 +Q F0 .909(When the v)180 456 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 360 R(lo)2.5 -E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 372 Q -F0(Mark)180 372 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 468 R(lo)2.5 +E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 480 Q +F0(Mark)180 480 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 388.8 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 496.8 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 (he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 (xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 -(to destro)144 400.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +(to destro)144 508.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) -3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 -(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 412.8 Q F1 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 520.8 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 (command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.282 -(is supplied.)144 424.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 +(is supplied.)144 532.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 (,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283 (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 -436.8 R F1<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F1<ad41>3.427 E F0 .926 +544.8 R F1<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F1<ad41>3.427 E F0 .926 (and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 448.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 556.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 460.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C +144 568.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C 2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144 -472.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 +580.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 484.8 R F1 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 592.8 R F1 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 496.8 S .171 +F2(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 604.8 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 508.8 R 3.46(fa) +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 616.8 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 520.8 Q +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 628.8 Q (xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 537.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 549.6 S .328 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 645.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 657.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 561.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 573.6 Q +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 669.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 681.6 Q F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 585.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 597.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 597.6 Q -F1<ad6c>144 609.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 609.6 R .881 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 693.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 705.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 705.6 Q +F1<ad6c>144 717.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 717.6 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -621.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 633.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad76> -144 645.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 645.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 657.6 Q F1(+)144 669.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 669.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 681.6 Q F1<ad>144 693.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 693.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 705.6 Q 1.707(The return v)144 -722.4 R 1.707(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.707 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)4.207 E F0(inde)4.206 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.206(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-4.206 G 1.706(ond the end of the).15 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(61) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(directory stack.) -144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 100.8 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -112.8 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2 -(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j) --.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 -(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 124.8 R F1<ad61>2.596 -E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096 -(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 -.096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096 -(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec) -145.74 136.8 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G -.585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 148.8 R -.15 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.) +180 84 Q F1<ad76>144 96 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one en\ +try per line, pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 96 R 2.773(xi) +-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 108 Q F1(+)144 120 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.565(Displays the)180 120 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 +1.565(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 +E(without options, starting with zero.)180 132 Q F1<ad>144 144 Q F2(n)A +F0 1.194(Displays the)180 144 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 156 Q .258(The return v)144 +172.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 184.8 Q F1(diso)108 201.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 213.6 S .121 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 225.6 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 237.6 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 249.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 160.8 R F1 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 261.6 R F1 <ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 (ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 172.8 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 273.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 201.6 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F1(echo)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 302.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 213.6 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 +(error occurs.)144 314.4 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 -225.6 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +326.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) 6.348 E F1<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 (ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -249.6 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +350.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 -(these escape characters by def)144 261.6 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E +(these escape characters by def)144 362.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716 (to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 273.6 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 285.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 285.6 Q F1(\\b)144 297.6 Q F0 -(backspace)180 297.6 Q F1(\\c)144 309.6 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -309.6 Q F1(\\e)144 321.6 Q(\\E)144 333.6 Q F0(an escape character)180 -333.6 Q F1(\\f)144 345.6 Q F0(form feed)180 345.6 Q F1(\\n)144 357.6 Q -F0(ne)180 357.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 369.6 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 369.6 Q F1(\\t)144 381.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -381.6 Q F1(\\v)144 393.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 393.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 405.6 Q F0(backslash)180 405.6 Q F1(\\0)144 417.6 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 417.6 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +(interprets the follo)144 374.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 386.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 386.4 Q F1(\\b)144 398.4 Q F0 +(backspace)180 398.4 Q F1(\\c)144 410.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +410.4 Q F1(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 434.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 +434.4 Q F1(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0(form feed)180 446.4 Q F1(\\n)144 458.4 Q +F0(ne)180 458.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 470.4 Q F1(\\t)144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +482.4 Q F1(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 494.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)180 506.4 Q F1(\\0)144 518.4 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 518.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 429.6 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 429.6 Q +(\\x)144 530.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 530.4 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 441.6 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 453.6 R 1.506 +(\\u)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R 1.506 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 465.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 477.6 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 489.6 R .547 +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 566.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 501.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 518.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C +3.048 E(HHH)180 602.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 530.4 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 631.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 542.4 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(the same name as a shell b)144 643.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 554.4 R .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 655.2 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 (is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 566.4 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(abled; otherwise,)144 667.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 578.4 R .081(uiltin v) +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 679.2 R .081(uiltin v) -.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) 2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 590.4 S 1.524 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 691.2 S 1.524 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 602.4 Q F1<ad64> +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 703.2 Q F1<ad64> 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 614.4 R F1<ad70> +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 715.2 R F1<ad70> 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -626.4 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 638.4 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 650.4 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 662.4 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 -674.4 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 691.2 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 703.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C -.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F -.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 715.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 727.2 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(62)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 84 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The) +.2 F .378(return v)2.878 F(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 108 R F2 +(name)3.854 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994 +(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995 +(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 120 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 +136.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 +Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 +(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 108 R .176(guments to) --.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1 -<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 213.6 R .176 +(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F -F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E -(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 .499 -(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .638(to be e) -3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077 -(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F -(non-interacti)144 156 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576 -(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 168 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 180 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1 -(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 285.6 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 (is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) -2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 192 Q +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 297.6 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .096(xit with a status of) +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .096(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 261.6 R +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 367.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.627 E F1 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.627 E F1 <ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) 5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 -(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 285.6 Q F0 .048 +(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 391.2 Q F0 .048 (option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) -.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0 -.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.447 +.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S 1.447 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .741(lue of the v) +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 415.2 S .741(lue of the v) .25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 (is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 439.2 Q F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 374.4 R F2<8c72> +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 480 R F2<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 398.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19 -(is used as an of)144 410.4 R .19 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779 -E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E .948 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 422.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948 -(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 434.4 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 458.4 -Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +144 504 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F +2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19(is used as an of) +144 516 R .19(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E +F2(last)2.779 E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F +(-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10 +/Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948 +(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E +F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 540 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E +F0(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q +F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 470.4 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E -F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 -(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 494.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E -F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 -F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 -(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 506.4 R .951 +.335(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 +(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 600 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 +-.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F +F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 612 R .951 (ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F --.15(exe)144 518.4 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 542.4 R -F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +-.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 648 R F2 +(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 (is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> +E(mand)144 660 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> 2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 (useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 -2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 566.4 Q F4 7.165 -(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 672 Q F4 7.165(rc) +3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 (ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) 3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 578.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -602.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(mand.)144 684 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 708 +R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 614.4 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 720 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(63) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .788 +(last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 650.4 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 679.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 -(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 691.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 703.2 Q +96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 108 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E +F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413 +(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 +(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 +(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 148.8 Q +3.116(sn)-.55 G .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job) +-.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 160.8 Q .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 715.2 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 172.8 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring name)2.5 E F0([) -2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 +F2(getopts)108 189.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) +-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 201.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .149 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .578 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 225.6 Q .578 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 237.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 3.296 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) -3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G -.797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085 +(option in the shell v)144 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 +3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 261.6 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) 4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 -(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 +(or a shell script is in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 (getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 -.803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(into the v)144 285.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 (automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 297.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q -2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 309.6 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 333.6 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 345.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.392 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.392 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 -276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.166 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 +381.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 1.166 (can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 -(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 -(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.071 +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 +(reporting is used.)144 417.6 R 1.071 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 324 -R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .666(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E -F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 -(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 -(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 -384 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) --.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() -3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 -(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 -E F0 .234(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If) -5.234 E F1(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1 -(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 -E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 -E F1(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +429.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 441.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 465.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +477.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 489.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +513.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 525.6 +Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F2 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 537.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 +(getopts)144 561.6 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 573.6 Q F2(hash)108 +590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +.858(Each time)144 602.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 614.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 520.8 -R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 626.4 +R F2<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 -(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 +(of the command.)144 638.4 R(The)6.711 E F2<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 (option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64>4.212 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 556.8 R F2(name) +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F2<ad64>4.212 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 650.4 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F2<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 662.4 R F1(name) 3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F -F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -568.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +674.4 R F2<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 <ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -580.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 592.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 +686.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 698.4 Q F2<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F -.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 604.8 Q F2(name)2.86 +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 710.4 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 -633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -645.6 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 669.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 681.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 693.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 693.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(64)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(64)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1(])A(history \255c) -108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F1 -(history \255d)108 120 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 132 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.) --.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 156 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 168 S .752 +SF(help)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866 +(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 +F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help) +3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E +.307(help on all commands matching)144 108 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807 +(;o).24 G .307(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1 +<ad64>144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 132 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each)180 +144 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)-2.5 +E F1<ad73>144 156 Q F0(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 +156 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 +(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 172.8 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 189.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 201.6 Q(history \255d)108 213.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 225.6 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 249.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 261.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +273.6 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 180 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 285.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 192 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 297.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 (strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 204 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 309.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 216 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 321.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 228 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 -E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 240 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 240 Q F1<ad64> -144 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 264 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 -E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889 -G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 276 R -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 288 Q 2.5(,a) +(not, the v)144 333.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 345.6 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 345.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 357.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 369.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) +-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 +381.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 393.6 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -<ad64>144 300 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 312 R F2(start)3.258 E -F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne).15 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E -F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 +<ad64>144 405.6 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 417.6 R F2(start)3.258 +E F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne) +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 429.6 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H +(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 (are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61> -144 336 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 336 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h) --.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 348 Q +144 441.6 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 441.6 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 +('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 453.6 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 360 Q -F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 360 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 372 R +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 465.6 +Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ +le into the current history list.)180 465.6 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 477.6 R .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 384 Q F1<ad72>144 396 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 396 Q F1<ad77> -144 408 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 -408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 420 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 420 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 432 R .475 +(sion.)180 489.6 Q F1<ad72>144 501.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 501.6 Q F1 +<ad77>144 513.6 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 513.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 525.6 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 525.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 537.6 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 456 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 456 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(normal history e)180 549.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 561.6 Q F0 +.363(Store the)180 561.6 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 468 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 484.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 573.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 590.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 496.8 R .669 +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 602.4 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 508.8 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 614.4 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 520.8 R 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 626.4 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 638.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 544.8 Q(fset) +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 650.4 Q(fset) -.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 <ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 556.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 573.6 Q F0([) +<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 662.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 679.2 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 585.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 597.6 Q .3 -.15 +(jobs \255x)108 691.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 703.2 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 609.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 609.6 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 621.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 621.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad70> -144 645.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 645.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 657.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 657.6 Q F1<ad73>144 669.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 669.6 Q(If)144 686.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 -E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 698.4 Q -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 715.2 R F1 -<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 727.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) -2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(65)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 715.2 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 715.2 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(65)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) -2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 -(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 +SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)180 +84 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F .194 +(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 96 Q F1<ad70>144 108 Q +F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 108 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 120 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 120 Q F1<ad73>144 132 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.314(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313 +(.T)-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 160.8 Q +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 +177.6 R F1<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs) +2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394 +(found in)3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 +E F0 .395(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 +189.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E +F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.) +-.15 E F1(kill)108 206.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|) +2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A +F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..) +-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 218.4 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec) +A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 +(Send the signal named by)144 230.4 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 (signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) -2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 242.4 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 254.4 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 144 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F -F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 -F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 168 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 266.4 Q .522(gument of)-.18 +F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) +5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 278.4 +R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 290.4 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F +F1<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R -(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 302.4 +R(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(successfully sent, or f)144 314.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 331.2 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +343.2 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 355.2 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 372 Q F0([)2.5 E +F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 384 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo) --.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) -3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 396 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 +G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 +E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H -.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 +408 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422 +(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If) +5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 420 R F1 (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 309.6 R F1(set)4.063 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 432 R F1(set)4.063 E +F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 321.6 R 1.243 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 444 R 1.243 (ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 -(error to use)144 333.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(error to use)144 456 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) -2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout) -108 362.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 362.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 379.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) +144 468 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 +E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 +484.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 484.8 Q F1(map\214le)108 501.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73> -2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75> -2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 391.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 513.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 403.2 R +(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 (arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 415.2 R +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 537.6 R F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F (ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 439.2 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 439.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +-6.248 F(ha)144 549.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 561.6 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 561.6 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 451.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 573.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 463.2 Q F0(Cop)180 463.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 585.6 Q F0(Cop)180 585.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 (tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 475.2 Q F0(Be)180 -475.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 597.6 Q F0(Be)180 +597.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5 -(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 487.2 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 487.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -<ad74>144 499.2 Q F0(Remo)180 499.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 609.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 609.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 621.6 Q F0(Remo)180 621.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 511.2 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 511.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 523.2 Q F0(Ev)180 -523.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 633.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 633.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 645.6 Q F0(Ev)180 +645.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 535.2 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 535.2 Q -F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 552 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 657.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 657.6 Q +F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 +.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 564 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 576 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 686.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 698.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 588 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 604.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 710.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 727.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 621.6 Q F0 1.905 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 633.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -674.4 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 686.4 Q F1<ad6e>144 698.4 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 698.4 R .551 -(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(66)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 96 -S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E -F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 108 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 -108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) -180 120 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd) -3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 -E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +SF(map\214le)144 84 Q F0 1.905(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.905(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906 +(gument is supplied,)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)4.406 E(ay)-.15 +E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 96 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid or unassignable, or if).25 +E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da) +.15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 +124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se).15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.) +-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478 +(stack, and performs a)144 136.8 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne) +3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18 +(rg)-6.479 G 1.479(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +1.479(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 148.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 160.8 +Q F0 .551(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 160.8 +R .551(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 172.8 Q F1(+)144 184.8 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +196.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 208.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 220.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 +237.6 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1 +(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) +3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 249.6 R .416 +(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 261.6 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 290.4 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 (to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 201.6 R(ariable) +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 302.4 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 314.4 Q(The)144 338.4 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +er escape sequences, which are con)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 273.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 362.4 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 374.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q F1(printf) +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 386.4 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 398.4 Q F0(causes)180 398.4 Q F1(printf) 2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 309.6 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 410.4 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 422.4 Q F0(causes)180 422.4 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 333.6 Q F1(%\()144 345.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 357.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(input.)180 434.4 Q F1(%\()144 446.4 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 458.4 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 369.6 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 470.4 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -381.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +482.4 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 393.6 R +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 494.4 R .693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) -3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 405.6 R -.15 +3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 506.4 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 434.4 Q +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 518.4 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 535.2 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 -(minus sign is allo)144 446.4 R 1.259 +(minus sign is allo)144 547.2 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 458.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 487.2 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 559.2 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 576 Q F2(format)3.424 E F0 +.923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 588 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 +.033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 499.2 Q(The return v)5 E +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 600 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ -tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 540 R 3.139(wt)-.25 -G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 552 R .416 +108 616.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 628.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 640.8 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 652.8 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 (changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 564 R 6.625(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 576 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 588 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ - rotating or adding directories to the)180 588 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 600 Q F1(+)144 612 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 -1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 636 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 664.8 R 6.625 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 676.8 Q +F1<ad6e>144 688.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ +when rotating or adding directories to the)180 688.8 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 700.8 Q F1(+)144 +712.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 712.8 R F2(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 724.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(67)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 68 68 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 .92 +(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 648 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 660 Q F0(Adds)180 660 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E +F2(dir)144.35 108 Q F0(Adds)180 108 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) -.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 672 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 688.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 120 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) +2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 136.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 700.8 R F2(dir) +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 148.8 R F2(dir) 3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 712.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ +(stack is empty)144 160.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 724.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 68 68 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pwd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 96 R .845 +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 172.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 201.6 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -108 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 -(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) -144 120 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +213.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 +(enabled. If)144 225.6 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 132 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2 -(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 -3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 -<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E -F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A -([)108 172.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ -tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 184.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q -F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348 -(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347 -(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 237.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 249.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 266.4 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E F2 +(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e> +-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E +F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr) +3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 +3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 278.4 Q F2(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ +e \214le descriptor)144 290.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 302.4 Q F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348 +(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 314.4 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 220.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 326.4 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 232.8 Q F0 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 338.4 Q F0 5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) -.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .532(assigned empty v)144 244.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 350.4 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 (characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 (are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 256.8 R .197 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 362.4 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 268.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 374.4 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) .15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -280.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 292.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 -(The w)180 304.8 R 1.049 +386.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 398.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 410.4 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 -(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(aname)180.33 422.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 (ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 328.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -1.318(The \214rst character of)180 340.8 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 434.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +1.318(The \214rst character of)180 446.4 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 352.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 458.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad65>144 364.8 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 364.8 R F1 -.18 +<ad65>144 470.4 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 470.4 R F1 -.18 (re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) 2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 376.8 R .218 +.218(to obtain the line.)180 482.4 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 388.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(acti)180 494.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 400.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 400.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 506.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 506.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 (is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 412.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 424.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 436.8 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 +-.25 F(ing be)180 518.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 530.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 542.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 (returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 (characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 448.8 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) +-.1 F(input, b)180 554.4 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) -.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 (characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 -460.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 472.8 S(ad).18 E +566.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 578.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E (har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 (aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 484.8 R F1 -.18(re) +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 590.4 R F1 -.18(re) 2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 (Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 496.8 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 602.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 508.8 R .608 +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 614.4 R .608 (The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 520.8 S .669 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 626.4 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 532.8 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 544.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 556.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 638.4 Q F0 +(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 650.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0(Display)180 662.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 (on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 568.8 Q +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 674.4 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 580.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 580.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 592.8 Q +<ad72>144 686.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 686.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 698.4 Q (In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E (wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 -604.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 604.8 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 616.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 628.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 640.8 R F2(timeout)3.061 E +710.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 710.4 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(68)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad74>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q +F1 -.18(re)2.929 G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F +.428(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F +.56(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 108 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 652.8 Q +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 120 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -664.8 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 676.8 R .59 +132 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 144 R .59 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 688.8 S -(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 -.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) -2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 700.8 R 1.12 -(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 -(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 712.8 R -.15(ex)2.5 G -(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(68)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 69 69 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad75>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 156 S(riable) +.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 168 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 +180 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 112.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 220.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) .18 E F0 .772 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 124.8 S 2.004 +-.25(va)144 232.8 S 2.004 (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 136.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 244.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 261.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 177.6 R +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 285.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 189.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 297.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 201.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 309.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 321.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 225.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 333.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 <ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 237.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -249.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 345.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +357.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 261.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 369.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 273.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 302.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 381.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 314.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 326.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 434.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 -338.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +446.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) 3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(determine the status is the last command e)144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 362.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 (is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 (or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 398.4 R .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 506.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 410.4 R -.15 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 518.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 422.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +.749(mand associated with the)144 530.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 434.4 Q F1 -(set)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 542.4 Q F1 +(set)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 475.2 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 487.2 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 595.2 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 499.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 -.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 511.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 607.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 619.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 523.2 R 1.623 +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 631.2 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 535.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +144 643.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 547.2 Q -F0 1.377(Each v)184 547.2 R 1.377 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 655.2 Q +F0 1.377(Each v)184 655.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 559.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 571.2 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 571.2 R +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 667.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 679.2 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 679.2 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 583.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 595.2 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 595.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 691.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 703.2 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 703.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 607.2 Q +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 715.2 Q F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 (SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 -619.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 631.2 Q -1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 --.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 643.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) --.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 655.2 R -F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) --3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 667.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +727.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 +(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(69)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(follo)184 84 Q +1.655(wing a)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1 +(until)4.155 E F0 -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655 +(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E +F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 96 +S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 +E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E +.918(the \214nal)184 108 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 +3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F +.917(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 +E -.25(va)184 120 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 679.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 132 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 691.2 R 2.677 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 144 R 2.677 (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 703.2 R .617 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 156 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 715.2 R(ONMENT) --.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 +-.4 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR) +184 168 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 727.2 -Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.042 -(If a compound command or shell function e)184 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.042 -(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<ad65>4.542 E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435 -(ignored, none of the commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 -(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 -(body will be af)184 108 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E F0 -.193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 180 Q +2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 198 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>4.542 E F0 +2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 210 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F +.194(body will be af)184 222 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E +F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 <ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 120 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 234 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F1<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 132 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 +(where)184 246 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 144 Q F1 -<ad66>144 156 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 156 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -<ad68>144 168 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -168 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 258 Q F1 +<ad66>144 270 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 270 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +<ad68>144 282 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +282 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 -180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 192 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 192 R .514 +294 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 306 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 306 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 204 Q F1 -<ad6d>144 216 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 216 R .148 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 318 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 330 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 330 R .148 (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 228 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651 -(JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151 -(\). All).15 F .65(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678 -(process group.)184 240 R .679(When a background job completes, the she\ -ll prints a line containing its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 252 S(it status.).15 -E F1<ad6e>144 264 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)184 264 R .653(ut do not e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -276 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1<ad6f>144 288 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) -184 300 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) -A F1(emacs)184 360 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 360 R 2.589 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 342 R F2 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 354 R .679 +(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ +s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 366 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 378 Q F0 .653 +(Read commands b)184 378 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 390 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 402 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 414 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 +(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 426 Q F0 +(Same as)224 438 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 450 Q F0 +(Same as)224 462 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 474 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 474 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 372 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 486 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 384 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +F0 2.5(option. This)224 498 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 396 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 396 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 444 Q F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 480 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 480 R 3.087(,a) +184 510 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 510 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 522 Q F0(Same as)224 522 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 558 Q F0(Same as)224 558 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 570 Q F0(Same as)224 582 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 594 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 594 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 492 Q +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 606 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -504 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 516 R 1.657 +618 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 630 R 1.657 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -528 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 540 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 552 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 564 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 576 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 588 Q F1<ad43>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 600 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 612 Q F0(Same as)224 612 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 624 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 624 Q F1(notify)184 636 Q F0 -(Same as)224 636 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 648 Q F0(Same as) -224 648 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 660 Q F0(Same as)224 660 Q -F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 672 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 672 Q -F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 684 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)224 684 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 696 -R 1.136 -(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 708 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(70)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +642 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 654 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 690 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 702 Q F1<ad43>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 714 Q F0(Same as)224 714 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(70)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(posix)184 84 Q F0 2.09(Change the beha)224 84 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F -F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif) --.1 F 2.091(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212 -(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212 -(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 108 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +SF(noglob)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 +96 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 96 Q F1(notify)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 +108 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F1 +<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1<ad74>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 144 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad50>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 156 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)224 156 R +1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 168 R +1.136 +(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 180 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 192 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 192 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 +(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 +204 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 216 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G 2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -120 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 132 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -144 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 156 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -156 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 168 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 168 R 3.965(ace. This) +228 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 240 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +252 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 264 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +264 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 276 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 276 R 3.965(ace. This) -.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -180 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 210 Q +288 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 318 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -222 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +330 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 234 Q F1<ad70> -144 246 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 246 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 342 Q F1<ad70> +144 354 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 354 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 258 R 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 366 R 1.5 (vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 270 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +-.27(BA)184 378 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 282 R .38 +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 390 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 294 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 402 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 306 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 414 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 318 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 426 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 330 Q F1<ad74>144 342 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 342 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1<ad75>144 354 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 354 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 438 Q F1<ad74>144 450 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 450 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1<ad75>144 462 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 462 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 366 R 2.682 +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 474 R 2.682 (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 378 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 486 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -390 Q F1<ad76>144 402 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 402 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 414 Q F0 .315(After e)184 414 R +498 Q F1<ad76>144 510 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 510 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 522 Q F0 .315(After e)184 522 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) 2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 -426 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +534 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 438 Q +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 546 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 450 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 450 R 2.578 +<ad42>144 558 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 558 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 462 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 474 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 570 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 582 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 582 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 486 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 594 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 498 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 510 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 510 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +.15 F(tor)184 606 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 618 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 618 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F .838(mands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 534 Q F1 -<ad48>144 546 Q F0(Enable)184 546 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 642 Q F1 +<ad48>144 654 Q F0(Enable)184 654 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 558 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 570 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 570 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 678 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 678 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 582 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 690 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 594 R(def)2.685 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 702 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 606 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -618 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 618 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 -(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 +(mands which change the current directory)184 714 Q(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(71)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 72 72 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad54>144 84 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 84 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on) +-3.39 F F1(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 642 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 654 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 654 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 108 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 120 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 120 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 666 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 -678 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 678 R -F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 690 R -F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) +.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1<ad>144 144 Q F0 1.944 +(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 144 R F2(ar)4.444 E +(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 156 R F1 +<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 702 Q .425(The options are of)144 -718.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144 +184.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 730.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 72 72 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 96 Q F1(shift)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 -124.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) -2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F -(bers)144 136.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) -2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082 -(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H -.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f) --5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 148.8 -R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 -(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 -(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143 -(positional parameters are not changed.)144 160.8 R .144 -(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144 -(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 172.8 Q F1(shopt)108 189.6 Q F0([) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F +(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 201.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 213.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 225.6 R .826 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 350.4 R .826 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 237.6 R F2 +.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2 (optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 -(options. The)144 249.6 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ +(options. The)144 374.4 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 -E(options ha)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 273.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -273.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 285.6 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 285.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 -297.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 297.6 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 309.6 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 398.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +398.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 410.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 410.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +422.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G (ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 321.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 333.6 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 333.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 458.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 458.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 350.4 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 475.2 R F1 <ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 -(set or unset, respecti)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +(set or unset, respecti)144 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 374.4 Q(ault.) +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 499.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -391.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) 4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 403.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 415.2 Q(The list of)144 432 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 450 Q F0 1.944 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 462 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.945 -(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 474 R .857 +144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 540 Q(The list of)144 556.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.944 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 586.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 598.8 R .857 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F -(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 486 Q F1(autocd)144 498 Q F0 .199 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 498 R +(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 622.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 510 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 522 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 534 R .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .156 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 546 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 558 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 670.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 682.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -558 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 570 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +682.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 582 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 594 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 606 Q F0 .737 -(If set,)184 618 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 +(the command proceeds.)184 718.8 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(72)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 73 73 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(checkhash)144 84 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 (checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 630 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 108 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 642 Q -F0 .448(If set,)184 654 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 120 Q +F0 .448(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 666 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 144 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 678 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 690 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +(attempted without an interv)184 156 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 168 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 702 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -714 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 180 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +192 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 (ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 726 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G -(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 73 73 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(cmdhist)144 84 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 -(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 204 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G +(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2 +(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 216 Q F0 1.202 +(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -96 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 +228 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 -(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 108 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 +(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 240 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 (ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)184 120 Q(OR)-.162 E -(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(compat31)144 132 Q F0 .42 -(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F .419 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 -F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)184 156 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462 -(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 252 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 +(compat31)144 264 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 +(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) +184 288 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 +(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 168 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +(using the)184 300 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) -.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 -(use ASCII collation and)184 180 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(use ASCII collation and)184 312 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E (cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 192 Q F4(str) -2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 204 Q F0 1.41(If set,) -184 216 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 324 Q F4(str) +2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 336 Q F0 1.41(If set,) +184 348 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 (vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 (ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 -(string comparison when using the)184 228 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 360 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) 2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 240 R .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 372 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 252 Q +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 384 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 264 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 +F1(compat40)144 396 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 408 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 -(string comparison when using the)184 288 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(string comparison when using the)184 420 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 (conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) -4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 300 R +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 432 R F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) -.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 -312 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 -(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 324 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 336 Q F0 1.483(If set,) -184 348 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F4(posix) -3.983 E F0 1.484 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 -(ex)184 360 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G -.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 -(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 372 +444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 +(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 456 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 468 Q F0 1.523(If set,) +184 480 R F1(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F F4 1.523 +(posix mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.524 +(reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184 +492 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958 +(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 +G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 504 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 -(posix mode through v)184 384 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +(posix mode through v)184 516 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) 5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 396 Q F1(compat42)144 408 Q -F0 1.796(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 528 Q F1(compat42)144 540 Q +F0 1.796(If set,)184 552 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 432 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 444 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 456 R F1 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 564 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 576 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 588 R F1 (bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 468 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 600 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 -(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 480 S .353 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 612 S .353 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.852 E -.1(fa)184 492 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 624 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.375(function is e)184 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F +.375(function is e)184 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 .374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 516 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(compat44)144 528 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) +(the caller')184 648 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(compat44)144 660 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 672 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) 2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) -2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 -552 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +684 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E -(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 564 Q F0 .654 -(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 696 Q F0 .654 +(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 588 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +(forming completion.)184 720 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 -(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ -haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -600 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 612 R .028 +(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(73)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 74 74 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.667(from the se\ +t of characters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these) +184 84 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 96 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 624 R 1.073 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 108 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 636 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 120 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -648 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 660 Q +132 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 144 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 672 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 684 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 156 Q(expand) +-.18 E F0 .486(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -696 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +180 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 708 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 74 74 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dirspell)144 84 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +184 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 204 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +204 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 96 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 108 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 216 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 228 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 120 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 240 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 132 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) -184 132 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 252 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) +184 252 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 (xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 -(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 144 Q(gument to the)-.18 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 264 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 156 Q F0 .717 -(If set, aliases are e)184 168 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 276 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 288 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E /F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 180 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 192 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 204 R +(by def)184 300 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 312 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 324 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 (cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.221(identical to the)184 216 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 +.221(identical to the)184 336 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 228 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 240 Q F0(The)220 240 Q F1<ad46>4.25 +(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 348 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 360 Q F0(The)220 360 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 252 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 264 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -264 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 276 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 288 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 288 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 372 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 384 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +384 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 396 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 408 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 408 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 300 S .488 +(exe)220 420 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 312 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 432 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 324 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 324 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 444 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 444 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 336 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 348 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 348 R -(shells in)220 360 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 456 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 468 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 468 R +(shells in)220 480 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 372 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 372 R(in)220 384 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 492 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 492 R(in)220 504 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 396 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 396 R .4 +(extglob)144 516 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 516 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 408 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 420 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 432 R +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 528 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 540 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 552 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 444 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 456 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 456 R 1.425 +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 564 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 576 Q F0 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 576 R 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 468 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 480 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 492 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 588 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 600 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 612 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 504 R .32 +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 624 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 (he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 516 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(pletions. See)184 636 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 (abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 (FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) -184 528 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 540 Q F0 2.519 -(If set, range e)184 552 R 2.519 +184 648 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 660 Q F0 2.519 +(If set, range e)184 672 R 2.519 (xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 (xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 564 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +(Matching)184 684 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) -3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 576 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 696 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 588 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 708 R F1(A) 3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 600 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 612 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 612 R F1(**)3.019 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 624 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -636 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 648 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 660 Q F1(histappend)144 -672 Q F0 .676 -(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -684 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 696 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 720 Q(.)-.55 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(74)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(histr)144 84 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re) +SF(globstar)144 84 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 84 R F1(**)3.019 E +F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 96 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +108 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 120 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 132 Q F1(histappend)144 +144 Q F0 .676 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +156 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 +-.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 168 Q +(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 +(histr)144 180 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 192 R F1 -.18(re) 3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F -.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 108 Q F1(histv)144 120 Q -(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 204 Q F1(histv)144 216 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 144 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 240 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 156 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 252 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 168 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 180 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +(hostcomplete)144 264 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 276 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -192 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +288 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -/F2 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This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 -216 Q F0(If set,)184 228 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP) -2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H -(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 240 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 -.22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 252 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 264 Q -2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) -144 276 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 288 R 2.83 -(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 -.33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F -.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 300 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 -312 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 324 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 300 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 312 Q F0(If set,) +184 324 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 336 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 348 R .219(alue of the) +-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 360 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E +F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 372 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 .33(If set, allo)184 384 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 396 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 408 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 420 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 420 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 348 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 348 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 432 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 444 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 444 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 360 Q +(with embedded ne)184 456 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 372 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 384 R +(localv)144 468 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 480 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -396 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +492 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 408 Q -F1(login_shell)144 420 Q F0 .486 +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 504 Q +F1(login_shell)144 516 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -432 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). 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F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 612 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 624 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 636 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 552 S +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 648 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 564 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -576 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 660 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +672 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +F .551(while e)184 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional 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.17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E -(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(wo)184 696 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 708 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(75)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.18(re)144 96 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(nullglob)144 84 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.354 G 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A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 268.8 R F1<ad66> +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 376.8 R F1<ad66> 2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 280.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 388.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 297.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 309.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 309.6 R .877 +E F1(test)108 405.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 417.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 417.6 R .877 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 321.6 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 429.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 333.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(primaries described abo)144 441.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 345.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 453.6 Q(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 363.6 R .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 471.6 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 375.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(dence. The)144 483.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 387.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 399.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 399.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 411.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 411.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(used when there are \214v)144 495.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 507.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 519.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 519.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 423.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 435.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 447.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 459.6 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 531.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 543.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 555.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 567.6 S (pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -471.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 488.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +579.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 596.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 506.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 518.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 530.4 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 542.4 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 626.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 638.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 650.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 554.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 566.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 662.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 674.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 578.4 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 686.4 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 590.4 Q .553 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 698.4 Q .553 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 602.4 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 710.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 626.4 R .236 -(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 -(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 638.4 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 650.4 R .578(xpression i\ -s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 662.4 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 -E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 -(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 674.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 -F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F -.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -686.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 698.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 -2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 -(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 710.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(76)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(76)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(4a)144 84 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 96 R .385 -(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 -(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 -(posed of the remaining ar)180 108 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 132 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 -E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 144 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 156 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 174 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or) -2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 -E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 -E F1(times)108 190.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ -imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 190.8 R -(The return status is 0.)144 202.8 Q F1(trap)108 219.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 231.6 R F2(ar) -3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(3a)144 84 S +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 96 R .236 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 +(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 108 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)3.355 E .855 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578 +(result of the e)180 120 R .578(xpression is the result of the binary t\ +est using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E 1.333 +(as operands.)180 132 R(The)6.333 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.833 E +F0(and)3.833 E F3<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 +(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 +(three ar)180 144 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F +.558(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 +(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 +E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 156 R 3.021 +(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F3(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 168 Q +.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 +(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 +F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 180 Q +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 204 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F3 +(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384 +(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 216 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 228 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 240 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 +E 1.635(The e)180 252 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F +(abo)180 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 282 Q F3(test) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F3([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F3(times)108 298.8 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 298.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 +310.8 Q F3(trap)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .703(The command)144 339.6 R F4(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 +(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 +(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F4(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F4 (ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 243.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E +144 351.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F3<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 255.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 267.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 279.6 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 291.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +.659(\(the v)144 363.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) +144.34 375.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F3<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 387.6 R +F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 399.6 R F3<ad70>3.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F3(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 303.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +(signal. The)144 411.6 R F3<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 315.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(bers. Each)144 423.6 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811 (>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 327.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649 -(If a)144 345.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 -1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) -4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) --.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 -357.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F -F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 -(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 369.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) -2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(names are case insensiti)144 435.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F1(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 453.6 R F4 +(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F1(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 +(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.648(If a)6.648 F F4(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F1(DEB)144 465.6 Q +(UG)-.09 E F2(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F4(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.668 E F0 +(command,)3.668 E F4(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 477.6 Q F4 +(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.647 E F0 .146 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 381.6 R F3 .145 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 489.6 R F1 .145 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 393.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 -G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 405.6 Q F2(ar) +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F3(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 501.6 Q F3(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F3(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F1(RETURN)3.2 E F2(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 513.6 Q F4(ar) 3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 417.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 435.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) -3.771 E F3(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E +.644(cuted with the).15 F F3(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F3(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 525.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 543.6 R F4(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) +3.771 E F1(ERR)3.461 E F2(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F4(ar)3.791 E (g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) -.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ -urns a non\255zero e)144 447.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 -(the follo)144 459.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR) +urns a non\255zero e)144 555.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 +(the follo)144 567.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F1(ERR) 2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 (cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 471.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(mand list immediately follo)144 579.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F3(while) +2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F3(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.898 E F0 .388 +(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 591.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 495.6 R +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 603.6 R 1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) -3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 507.6 Q -(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5 +F3(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 615.6 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F3(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F3<ad65>A F0 2.5 (\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -525.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 537.6 R .662 +633.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 645.6 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 549.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) --.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 -566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 578.4 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 657.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F3(type)108 +674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F4(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 686.4 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F4(name) 3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1<ad74>144 590.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 602.4 Q F0 .087 +F3<ad74>144 698.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F3(type)3.342 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F4(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F4 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F4(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F4 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F4 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F4(name)144.36 710.4 Q F0 .087 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F4 (name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 614.4 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 722.4 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 626.4 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -638.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 -<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 650.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) -C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 -F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 -(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70> -2.612 E F0(and)144 662.4 Q F1<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 -F .731 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61> -144 674.4 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 -(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 686.4 R F1<ad70> -3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 -(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 698.4 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 710.4 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) -5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(77)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F3<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F3(type)2.619 E F0 +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(77)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(ulimit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([) -2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 96 Q .244 -(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 84 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64 +(mand name, or nothing if)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name) +3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 +5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641 +(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .113(search for each)144 108 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)C -.15 +(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F2 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F3<ad70>2.612 E +F0(and)144 120 Q F3<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F4 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .731 +(If the)5.231 F F3<ad61>144 132 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F3 +(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T) +.18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 144 R F3<ad70> +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 +(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 156 R F3<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F3<ad66>3.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) +144 168 R F3(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F3(type)5.325 +E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 180 Q F3(ulimit)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 +208.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 (he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 108 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F(The) -5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 +.943(that allo)144 220.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F3<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F3<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208(\ -hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a sof\ -t limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 132 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 +144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 244.8 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F3<ad48>2.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F3<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -144 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +256.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 156 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 268.8 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F3 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F3(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 180 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499 -(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 292.8 R F3<ad48>2.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 192 Q 2.5(alue. Other) --.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 204 -Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 204 Q F1<ad62>144 216 Q F0 -(The maximum sock)180 216 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63> -144 228 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 228 Q F1<ad64> -144 240 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 240 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G -(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 252 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 252 Q F1<ad66>144 264 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -264 Q F1<ad69>144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 276 -Q F1<ad6b>144 288 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 288 Q F1<ad6c> -144 300 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 300 Q(ed into memory) --.1 E F1<ad6d>144 312 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 312 Q -2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 324 Q -F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ - not allo)180 324 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 336 Q F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 348 Q F1 -<ad71>144 360 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 360 Q F1<ad72>144 372 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 372 Q F1<ad73>144 384 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 384 Q F1<ad74>144 396 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 396 Q F1<ad75>144 408 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 420 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 420 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 432 -Q F1<ad78>144 444 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 444 Q F1 -<ad50>144 456 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 456 Q F1 -<ad54>144 468 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 468 Q(If)144 484.8 -Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the) -.15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 -E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 304.8 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3 +<ad61>144 316.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 316.8 Q F3 +<ad62>144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 328.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 340.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 340.8 Q F3<ad64>144 352.8 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 352.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F3<ad65>144 364.8 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 364.8 Q F3<ad66>144 +376.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +376.8 Q F3<ad69>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +388.8 Q F3<ad6b>144 400.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 400.8 Q F3 +<ad6c>144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 412.8 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F3<ad6d>144 424.8 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 424.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F3<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 436.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 448.8 Q F3<ad70>144 460.8 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 460.8 Q F3 +<ad71>144 472.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 472.8 Q F3 +<ad72>144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 484.8 +Q F3<ad73>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 496.8 Q F3<ad74>144 +508.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 508.8 Q F3 +<ad75>144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 520.8 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F3<ad76>144 532.8 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 532.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +544.8 Q F3<ad78>144 556.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +556.8 Q F3<ad50>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 +568.8 Q F3<ad54>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 580.8 Q +(If)144 597.6 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F3<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 (alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +(no option is gi)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F3<ad66> 2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F3 <ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -508.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 -<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 -<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 520.8 R 1.438 -(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E -F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 532.8 R +621.6 R F3<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F3<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F3 +<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F3<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F3<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F3 +<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F3<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C +1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 633.6 R 1.476 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F3<ad63>3.976 E F0(and)3.976 E +F3<ad66>3.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 645.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -544.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 573.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +657.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F3(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E +F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 585.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -597.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 +pted by)144 698.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +710.4 Q F1(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F3<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 609.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 621.6 Q F0 .551 +(he)-3.047 E F3<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(78)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 79 79 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 633.6 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 662.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E -F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 691.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 703.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 96 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) +.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 +F(If)6.655 E F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655 +(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F1(name)3.827 E F0 3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 715.2 Q F0 1.551 +(If the)6.327 F F2<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F1(name)144.36 177.6 Q F0 1.551 (refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 727.2 R F1 -<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 189.6 R F2 +<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F1(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(78)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 79 79 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)144 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e> -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(name)2.537 E F0 .037(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2 -(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0 -(will)2.537 E .492(be unset rather than the v)144 96 R .492 -(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F -.492(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.) -2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F .221(options are supplied, each)144 108 R F2 -(name)2.721 E F0 .221(refers to a v)2.721 F .22 -(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F -2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188(tion with that name is unset.)144 120 -R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G 1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E -3.206(passed to subsequent commands.)144 132 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +F(remo)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F2<ad6e> +2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F1(name)2.537 E F0 .037 +(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F1(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F1(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 +(be unset rather than the v)144 213.6 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 +F F2<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F2 +<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F +.221(options are supplied, each)144 225.6 R F1(name)2.721 E F0 .221 +(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 +(tion with that name is unset.)144 237.6 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G +1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 249.6 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 144 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 261.6 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 156 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 172.8 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 -184.8 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ -nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) -3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 196.8 +F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 +273.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 +G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) +-.15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 290.4 Q +F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 +302.4 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ +nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F1(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) +3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 314.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.009 E F2(id)144.01 208.8 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +-5.009 E F1(id)144.01 326.4 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 (hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 220.8 Q F1 -<ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 338.4 Q F2 +<ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F2(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 (ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557 -(If the)5.557 F F1<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587 -(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 232.8 R F1(wait) -3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586 +(If the)5.557 F F2<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587 +(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 350.4 R F2(wait) +3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F1(id)3.086 E F0 .586 (to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .755 -(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 244.8 R(If)5.756 -E F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 -(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 256.8 +(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 362.4 R(If)5.756 +E F1(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 +(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 374.4 R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 (xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 -268.8 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 285.6 Q F0 -(If)108 297.6 Q F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 -F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72> +386.4 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 403.2 Q F0 +(If)108 415.2 Q F2(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 +F F2(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F2<ad72> 4.397 E F0 1.897(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 309.6 R .945 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. 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manual page should be directed to)-.2 +E F2 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) +.25 E F1 -.11(BU)72 648 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 660 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G (oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 -(There are some subtle dif)108 580.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F3 +(There are some subtle dif)108 676.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F3 (bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 592.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E -(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 609.6 Q(Shell b)108 626.4 Q +/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 688.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E +(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 705.6 Q(Shell b)108 722.4 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E -1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 643.2 R .389 -(process suspension is attempted.)108 655.2 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) -108 667.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ -ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F -(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 679.2 Q(Array v)108 696 Q -(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E -(There may be only one acti)108 712.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H -(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(80)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(80)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 81 81 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.315(Compound co\ +mmands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not handled gr\ +acefully when)108 84 R .389(process suspension is attempted.)108 96 R +.389(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193 +(mand in the sequence.)108 108 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to pl\ +ace the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 +F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 120 Q(Array v)108 136.8 +Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E +(There may be only one acti)108 153.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H +(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E +(81)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi Binary files differindex f79cc8ed..a270d082 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.dvi +++ b/doc/bashref.dvi diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index f494f344..13d9294c 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). +the Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). -This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, +This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of The GNU Bash Reference Manual, for Bash, Version 5.0. @@ -284,10 +284,10 @@ Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Previou <h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1> <p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in -the Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). +the Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>. </p> -<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, +<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>, for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.0. </p> @@ -1297,7 +1297,9 @@ zero if no condition tested true. <p>The syntax of the <code>case</code> command is: </p> <div class="example"> -<pre class="example">case <var>word</var> in [ [(] <var>pattern</var> [| <var>pattern</var>]…) <var>command-list</var> ;;]… esac +<pre class="example">case <var>word</var> in + [ [(] <var>pattern</var> [| <var>pattern</var>]…) <var>command-list</var> ;;]… +esac </pre></div> <p><code>case</code> will selectively execute the <var>command-list</var> corresponding to @@ -1443,14 +1445,15 @@ If the <code>nocasematch</code> shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value is 0 if the string matches (‘<samp>==</samp>’) or does not -match (‘<samp>!=</samp>’)the pattern, and 1 otherwise. +match (‘<samp>!=</samp>’) the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. </p> <p>An additional binary operator, ‘<samp>=~</samp>’, is available, with the same precedence as ‘<samp>==</samp>’ and ‘<samp>!=</samp>’. When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered -an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in <i>regex</i>3)). +a <small>POSIX</small> extended regular expression and matched accordingly +(as in <i>regex</i>3)). The return value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional @@ -1722,7 +1725,8 @@ from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line): <p>with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas: </p><div class="example"> -<pre class="example">cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output +<pre class="example">cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | + process-output </pre></div> <p>Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which @@ -1744,12 +1748,20 @@ written as <p>If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in the output. For instance, the following command </p><div class="example"> -<pre class="example">{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute +<pre class="example">{ + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; +} | parallel traceroute </pre></div> <p>will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Adding the <samp>-k</samp> option </p><div class="example"> -<pre class="example">{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute +<pre class="example">{ + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; +} | parallel -k traceroute </pre></div> <p>will ensure that the output of <code>traceroute foss.org.my</code> is displayed first. </p> @@ -2126,8 +2138,16 @@ separators. <a name="index-_0040"></a> </dt> <dd><a name="index-_0024_0040"></a> -<p>($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the -expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a +<p>($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. +In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each +positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double +quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. +In contexts where word splitting is not performed, +this expands to a single word +with each positional parameter separated by a space. +When the +expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is performed, +each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, <code>"$@"</code> is equivalent to <code>"$1" "$2" …</code>. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of @@ -2446,6 +2466,12 @@ and the shell assigns the expanded value. </p></dd> </dl> +<p>Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of +variable assignments (see <a href="#Shell-Parameters">Shell Parameters</a>) +when they appear as arguments to simple commands. +Bash does not do this, except for the <var>declaration</var> commands listed +above, when in <small>POSIX</small> mode. +</p> <hr> <a name="Shell-Parameter-Expansion"></a> <div class="header"> @@ -2480,11 +2506,11 @@ interpreted as part of its name. </p> <p>If the first character of <var>parameter</var> is an exclamation point (!), and <var>parameter</var> is not a <var>nameref</var>, -it introduces a level of variable indirection. -Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of -<var>parameter</var> as the name of the variable; this variable is then -expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather -than the value of <var>parameter</var> itself. +it introduces a level of indirection. +Bash uses the value formed by expanding the rest of +<var>parameter</var> as the new <var>parameter</var>; this is then +expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather +than the expansion of the original <var>parameter</var>. This is known as <code>indirect expansion</code>. The value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. @@ -5078,8 +5104,8 @@ parent. <dt><code>mapfile</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-mapfile"></a> <div class="example"> -<pre class="example">mapfile [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>] [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>] - [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>] +<pre class="example">mapfile [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>] + [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>] [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>] </pre></div> <p>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <var>array</var>, @@ -5309,8 +5335,8 @@ The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. <dt><code>readarray</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-readarray"></a> <div class="example"> -<pre class="example">readarray [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>] [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>] - [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>] +<pre class="example">readarray [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>] + [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>] [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>] </pre></div> <p>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <var>array</var>, @@ -6574,7 +6600,8 @@ The shell sets <code>BASH_ARGC</code> only when in extended debugging mode (see <a href="#The-Shopt-Builtin">The Shopt Builtin</a> for a description of the <code>extdebug</code> option to the <code>shopt</code> builtin). -Setting <code>extdebug</code> after the shell has started to execute a script +Setting <code>extdebug</code> after the shell has started to execute a script, +or referencing this variable when <code>extdebug</code> is not set, may result in inconsistent values. </p> </dd> @@ -6590,7 +6617,8 @@ The shell sets <code>BASH_ARGV</code> only when in extended debugging mode (see <a href="#The-Shopt-Builtin">The Shopt Builtin</a> for a description of the <code>extdebug</code> option to the <code>shopt</code> builtin). -Setting <code>extdebug</code> after the shell has started to execute a script +Setting <code>extdebug</code> after the shell has started to execute a script, +or referencing this variable when <code>extdebug</code> is not set, may result in inconsistent values. </p> </dd> @@ -7180,7 +7208,7 @@ as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number of consecutive <code>EOF</code> characters that can be read as the first character on an input line before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not -have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10. +have a numeric value, or has no value, then the default is 10. If the variable does not exist, then <code>EOF</code> signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. </p> @@ -7192,6 +7220,14 @@ input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. of <samp>~/.inputrc</samp>. </p> </dd> +<dt><code>INSIDE_EMACS</code> +<a name="index-INSIDE_005fEMACS"></a> +</dt> +<dd><p>If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell +starts, it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer +and may disable line editing depending on the value of <code>TERM</code>. +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>LANG</code> <a name="index-LANG"></a> </dt> @@ -7324,7 +7360,9 @@ as if the command </p><div class="example"> <pre class="example"><code>set -o posix</code> </pre></div> -<p>had been executed. +<p>had been executed. +When the shell enters <small>POSIX</small> mode, it sets this variable if it was +not already set. </p> </dd> <dt><code>PPID</code> @@ -7583,9 +7621,12 @@ Next: <a href="#Bash-Startup-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Bash Startup Files< <h3 class="section">6.1 Invoking Bash</h3> <div class="example"> -<pre class="example">bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> …] -bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] -c <var>string</var> [<var>argument</var> …] -bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> …] +<pre class="example">bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] + [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> …] +bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] + [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] -c <var>string</var> [<var>argument</var> …] +bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] + [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> …] </pre></div> <p>All of the single-character options used with the <code>set</code> builtin @@ -8014,7 +8055,7 @@ when a shell with history enabled exits. (see <a href="#Signals">Signals</a>). </li><li> In the absence of any traps, <code>SIGINT</code> is caught and handled -((see <a href="#Signals">Signals</a>). +(see <a href="#Signals">Signals</a>). <code>SIGINT</code> will interrupt some shell builtins. </li><li> An interactive login shell sends a <code>SIGHUP</code> to all jobs on exit @@ -8843,7 +8884,7 @@ shell session. <p>After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the -<code>promptvars</code> shell option (see <a href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtins</a>). +<code>promptvars</code> shell option (see <a href="#The-Shopt-Builtin">The Shopt Builtin</a>). </p> <hr> <a name="The-Restricted-Shell"></a> @@ -8913,7 +8954,9 @@ startup files. <p>The following list is what’s changed when ‘<small>POSIX</small> mode’ is in effect: </p> <ol> -<li> When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search +<li> Bash ensures that the <code>POSIXLY_CORRECT</code> variable is set. + +</li><li> When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search <code>$PATH</code> to find the new location. This is also available with ‘<samp>shopt -s checkhash</samp>’. @@ -10004,6 +10047,7 @@ The default value is ‘<samp>off</samp>’. <p>If set to ‘<samp>on</samp>’, and <var>completion-ignore-case</var> is enabled, Readline treats hyphens (‘<samp>-</samp>’) and underscores (‘<samp>_</samp>’) as equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion. +The default value is ‘<samp>off</samp>’. </p> </dd> <dt><code>completion-prefix-display-length</code></dt> @@ -10365,7 +10409,7 @@ Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" </pre></div> -<p>In the above example, <kbd>C-u</kbd> is bound to the function +<p>In the example above, <kbd>C-u</kbd> is bound to the function <code>universal-argument</code>, <kbd>M-DEL</kbd> is bound to the function <code>backward-kill-word</code>, and <kbd>C-o</kbd> is bound to run the macro @@ -11068,7 +11112,7 @@ how to insert key sequences like <kbd>C-q</kbd>, for example. sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is assigned by default. It allows Readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. The characters -are inserted as if each one was bound to <code>self-insert</code>) instead of +are inserted as if each one was bound to <code>self-insert</code> instead of executing any editing commands. </p> </dd> @@ -11973,10 +12017,10 @@ matches were generated. <dt><code>complete</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-complete"></a> <div class="example"> -<pre class="example"><code>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <var>comp-option</var>] [-DE] [-A <var>action</var>] [-G <var>globpat</var>] [-W <var>wordlist</var>] -[-F <var>function</var>] [-C <var>command</var>] [-X <var>filterpat</var>] +<pre class="example"><code>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <var>comp-option</var>] [-DEI] [-A <var>action</var>] [-G <var>globpat</var>] +[-W <var>wordlist</var>] [-F <var>function</var>] [-C <var>command</var>] [-X <var>filterpat</var>] [-P <var>prefix</var>] [-S <var>suffix</var>] <var>name</var> [<var>name</var> …]</code> -<code>complete -pr [-DE] [<var>name</var> …]</code> +<code>complete -pr [-DEI] [<var>name</var> …]</code> </pre></div> <p>Specify how arguments to each <var>name</var> should be completed. @@ -11986,16 +12030,24 @@ reused as input. The <samp>-r</samp> option removes a completion specification for each <var>name</var>, or, if no <var>name</var>s are supplied, all completion specifications. -The <samp>-D</samp> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should +The <samp>-D</samp> option indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply to the “default” command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. -The <samp>-E</samp> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should +The <samp>-E</samp> option indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply to “empty” command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The <samp>-I</samp> option indicates that other supplied options and actions should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a +command delimiter such as ‘<samp>;</samp>’ or ‘<samp>|</samp>’, which is usually command +name completion. +If multiple options are supplied, the <samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence +over <samp>-E</samp>, and both take precedence over <samp>-I</samp>. +If any of <samp>-D</samp>, <samp>-E</samp>, or <samp>-I</samp> are supplied, any other +<var>name</var> arguments are ignored; these completions only apply to the case +specified by the option. </p> <p>The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion -is attempted is described above (see <a href="#Programmable-Completion">Programmable Completion</a>). The -<samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence over <samp>-E</samp>. +is attempted is described above (see <a href="#Programmable-Completion">Programmable Completion</a>). </p> <p>Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The arguments to the <samp>-G</samp>, <samp>-W</samp>, and <samp>-X</samp> options @@ -12027,7 +12079,7 @@ no matches. </dd> <dt><code>filenames</code></dt> <dd><p>Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any -filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names +filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names, quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces). This option is intended to be used with shell functions specified with <samp>-F</samp>. @@ -12221,7 +12273,7 @@ an error occurs adding a completion specification. <dt><code>compopt</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-compopt"></a> <div class="example"> -<pre class="example"><code>compopt</code> [-o <var>option</var>] [-DE] [+o <var>option</var>] [<var>name</var>] +<pre class="example"><code>compopt</code> [-o <var>option</var>] [-DEI] [+o <var>option</var>] [<var>name</var>] </pre></div> <p>Modify completion options for each <var>name</var> according to the <var>option</var>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <var>name</var>s @@ -12230,14 +12282,19 @@ If no <var>option</var>s are given, display the completion options for each <var>name</var> or the current completion. The possible values of <var>option</var> are those valid for the <code>complete</code> builtin described above. -The <samp>-D</samp> option indicates that the remaining options should +The <samp>-D</samp> option indicates that other supplied options should apply to the “default” command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. -The <samp>-E</samp> option indicates that the remaining options should +The <samp>-E</samp> option indicates that other supplied options should apply to “empty” command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. +The <samp>-I</samp> option indicates that other supplied options should +apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a +command delimiter such as ‘<samp>;</samp>’ or ‘<samp>|</samp>’, which is usually command +name completion. </p> -<p>The <samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence over <samp>-E</samp>. +<p>If multiple options are supplied, the <samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence +over <samp>-E</samp>, and both take precedence over <samp>-I</samp> </p> <p>The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a <var>name</var> for which no completion @@ -12291,7 +12348,7 @@ _comp_cd() local cur _skipdot _cdpath local i j k - # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname + # Tilde expansion, which also expands tilde to full pathname case "$2" in \~*) eval cur="$2" ;; *) cur=$2 ;; @@ -12626,8 +12683,8 @@ fix errors in previous commands quickly. </p> <p>History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed -on each line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into -account. +on each line individually. Bash attempts to inform the history +expansion functions about quoting still in effect from previous lines. </p> <p>History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list should be used during substitution. @@ -12640,8 +12697,18 @@ that Bash does, so that several words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expansion character, which is ‘<samp>!</samp>’ by default. -Only ‘<samp>\</samp>’ and ‘<samp>'</samp>’ may be used to escape the history expansion -character, but the history expansion character is +</p> +<p>History expansion implements shell-like quoting conventions: +a backslash can be used to remove the special handling for the next character; +single quotes enclose verbatim sequences of characters, and can be used to +inhibit history expansion; +and characters enclosed within double quotes may be subject to history +expansion, since backslash can escape the history expansion character, +but single quotes may not, since they are not treated specially within +double quotes. +</p> +<p>When using the shell, only ‘<samp>\</samp>’ and ‘<samp>'</samp>’ may be used to escape the +history expansion character, but the history expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. </p> @@ -13285,7 +13352,7 @@ compiled and linked, rather than changing run-time features. </p> <dl compact="compact"> <dt><code>--enable-largefile</code></dt> -<dd><p>Enable support for <a href="http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html">large files</a> if the operating system requires special compiler options +<dd><p>Enable support for <a href="http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html">large files</a> if the operating system requires special compiler options to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by default, if the operating system provides large file support. </p> @@ -14991,6 +15058,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Function-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Function Index</a>, Pre <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-IGNOREEOF"><code>IGNOREEOF</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-input_002dmeta"><code>input-meta</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Readline-Init-File-Syntax">Readline Init File Syntax</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-INPUTRC"><code>INPUTRC</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-INSIDE_005fEMACS"><code>INSIDE_EMACS</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-isearch_002dterminators"><code>isearch-terminators</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Readline-Init-File-Syntax">Readline Init File Syntax</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Variable-Index_vr_letter-K">K</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 29dd0eff..866163df 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.5 from bashref.texi. This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). +Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features ************* This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the -Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). The Bash home page is +Bash shell (version 5.0, 7 August 2018). The Bash home page is <http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>. - This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash + This is Edition 5.0, last updated 7 August 2018, of 'The GNU Bash Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0. Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some @@ -768,7 +768,9 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Pre 'case' The syntax of the 'case' command is: - case WORD in [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... esac + case WORD in + [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... + esac 'case' will selectively execute the COMMAND-LIST corresponding to the first PATTERN that matches WORD. The match is performed @@ -883,30 +885,30 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Constructs, Next: Command Grouping, Pre 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value is 0 if the string matches ('==') or does not match - ('!=')the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be - quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. + ('!=') the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may + be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. An additional binary operator, '=~', is available, with the same precedence as '==' and '!='. When it is used, the string to the - right of the operator is considered an extended regular expression - and matched accordingly (as in regex3)). The return value is 0 if - the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular - expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional expression's - return value is 2. If the 'nocasematch' shell option (see the - description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, - the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic - characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the - quoted portion to be matched as a string. Bracket expressions in - regular expressions must be treated carefully, since normal quoting - characters lose their meanings between brackets. If the pattern is - stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable expansion forces - the entire pattern to be matched as a string. Substrings matched - by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular expression are - saved in the array variable 'BASH_REMATCH'. The element of - 'BASH_REMATCH' with index 0 is the portion of the string matching - the entire regular expression. The element of 'BASH_REMATCH' with - index N is the portion of the string matching the Nth parenthesized - subexpression. + right of the operator is considered a POSIX extended regular + expression and matched accordingly (as in regex3)). The return + value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If + the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional + expression's return value is 2. If the 'nocasematch' shell option + (see the description of 'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is + enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of + alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to + force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. Bracket + expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully, since + normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brackets. If + the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable + expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string. + Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the + regular expression are saved in the array variable 'BASH_REMATCH'. + The element of 'BASH_REMATCH' with index 0 is the portion of the + string matching the entire regular expression. The element of + 'BASH_REMATCH' with index N is the portion of the string matching + the Nth parenthesized subexpression. For example, the following will match a line (stored in the shell variable LINE) if there is a sequence of characters in the value @@ -1103,7 +1105,8 @@ read from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line): done < file | process-output with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas: - cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output + cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | + process-output Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming: @@ -1118,10 +1121,18 @@ take arguments from the command line; the above can also be written as If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in the output. For instance, the following command - { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute + { + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; + } | parallel traceroute will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Adding the '-k' option - { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute + { + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; + } | parallel -k traceroute will ensure that the output of 'traceroute foss.org.my' is displayed first. @@ -1406,15 +1417,21 @@ only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed. is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators. '@' - ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When - the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands - to a separate word. That is, '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2" - ...'. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part - of the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is - joined with the last part of the original word. When there are no - positional parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e., - they are removed). + ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In + contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each + positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double + quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts + where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single + word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When the + expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is + performed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, + '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2" ...'. If the double-quoted + expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first + parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word, + and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last + part of the original word. When there are no positional + parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e., they are + removed). '#' ($#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal. @@ -1628,6 +1645,11 @@ assigns the expanded value. '~-N' The string that would be displayed by 'dirs -N' + Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions +of variable assignments (*note Shell Parameters::) when they appear as +arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except for the +DECLARATION commands listed above, when in POSIX mode. + File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Parameter Expansion, Next: Command Substitution, Prev: Tilde Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions @@ -1653,18 +1675,17 @@ parameter with more than one digit, or when PARAMETER is followed by a character that is not to be interpreted as part of its name. If the first character of PARAMETER is an exclamation point (!), and -PARAMETER is not a NAMEREF, it introduces a level of variable -indirection. Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest -of PARAMETER as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded -and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the -value of PARAMETER itself. This is known as 'indirect expansion'. The -value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command -substitution, and arithmetic expansion. If PARAMETER is a nameref, this -expands to the name of the variable referenced by PARAMETER instead of -performing the complete indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are -the expansions of ${!PREFIX*} and ${!NAME[@]} described below. The -exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to -introduce indirection. +PARAMETER is not a NAMEREF, it introduces a level of indirection. Bash +uses the value formed by expanding the rest of PARAMETER as the new +PARAMETER; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of +the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original PARAMETER. +This is known as 'indirect expansion'. The value is subject to tilde +expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic +expansion. If PARAMETER is a nameref, this expands to the name of the +variable referenced by PARAMETER instead of performing the complete +indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of +${!PREFIX*} and ${!NAME[@]} described below. The exclamation point must +immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. In each of the cases below, WORD is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. @@ -3662,8 +3683,8 @@ standard. Exit a login shell, returning a status of N to the shell's parent. 'mapfile' - mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] - [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] + mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] + [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied. @@ -3846,8 +3867,8 @@ standard. Read input from file descriptor FD. 'readarray' - readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] - [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] + readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] + [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY] Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied. @@ -4826,7 +4847,8 @@ Variables::). onto 'BASH_ARGC'. The shell sets 'BASH_ARGC' only when in extended debugging mode (see *note The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin). Setting 'extdebug' - after the shell has started to execute a script may result in + after the shell has started to execute a script, or referencing + this variable when 'extdebug' is not set, may result in inconsistent values. 'BASH_ARGV' @@ -4838,7 +4860,8 @@ Variables::). sets 'BASH_ARGV' only when in extended debugging mode (see *note The Shopt Builtin:: for a description of the 'extdebug' option to the 'shopt' builtin). Setting 'extdebug' after the shell has - started to execute a script may result in inconsistent values. + started to execute a script, or referencing this variable when + 'extdebug' is not set, may result in inconsistent values. 'BASH_ARGV0' When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell or @@ -5228,7 +5251,7 @@ Variables::). as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number of consecutive 'EOF' characters that can be read as the first character on an input line before the shell will exit. If the - variable exists but does not have a numeric value (or has no value) + variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, then the default is 10. If the variable does not exist, then 'EOF' signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. @@ -5237,6 +5260,12 @@ Variables::). The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default of '~/.inputrc'. +'INSIDE_EMACS' + If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell + starts, it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell + buffer and may disable line editing depending on the value of + 'TERM'. + 'LANG' Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with 'LC_'. @@ -5317,7 +5346,8 @@ Variables::). supplied. If it is set while the shell is running, Bash enables POSIX mode, as if the command set -o posix - had been executed. + had been executed. When the shell enters POSIX mode, it sets this + variable if it was not already set. 'PPID' The process ID of the shell's parent process. This variable is @@ -5484,9 +5514,12 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Invoking Bash, Next: Bash Startup Files, Up: Bash F 6.1 Invoking Bash ================= - bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] - bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...] - bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] + bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] + [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] + bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] + [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...] + bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] + [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...] All of the single-character options used with the 'set' builtin (*note The Set Builtin::) can be used as options when the shell is @@ -5832,8 +5865,8 @@ several ways. 9. In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores 'SIGTERM' (*note Signals::). - 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled - ((*note Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins. + 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled (*note + Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins. 11. An interactive login shell sends a 'SIGHUP' to all jobs on exit if the 'huponexit' shell option has been enabled (*note Signals::). @@ -6453,7 +6486,8 @@ of commands executed during the current shell session. After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject -to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note Bash Builtins::). +to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note The Shopt +Builtin::). File: bashref.info, Node: The Restricted Shell, Next: Bash POSIX Mode, Prev: Controlling the Prompt, Up: Bash Features @@ -6511,212 +6545,214 @@ startup files. The following list is what's changed when 'POSIX mode' is in effect: - 1. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will + 1. Bash ensures that the 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' variable is set. + + 2. When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search '$PATH' to find the new location. This is also available with 'shopt -s checkhash'. - 2. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job + 3. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job exits with a non-zero status is 'Done(status)'. - 3. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job + 4. The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job is stopped is 'Stopped(SIGNAME)', where SIGNAME is, for example, 'SIGTSTP'. - 4. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. + 5. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells. - 5. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are + 6. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized do not undergo alias expansion. - 6. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number + 7. The POSIX 'PS1' and 'PS2' expansions of '!' to the history number and '!!' to '!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is performed on the values of 'PS1' and 'PS2' regardless of the setting of the 'promptvars' option. - 7. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the + 8. The POSIX startup files are executed ('$ENV') rather than the normal Bash files. - 8. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a + 9. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line. - 9. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default + 10. The default history file is '~/.sh_history' (this is the default value of '$HISTFILE'). - 10. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the + 11. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word in the redirection unless the shell is interactive. - 11. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in + 12. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the redirection. - 12. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not + 13. Function names must be valid shell 'name's. That is, they may not contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells. - 13. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special + 14. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special builtins. - 14. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during + 15. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup. - 15. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash + 16. When printing shell function definitions (e.g., by 'type'), Bash does not print the 'function' keyword. - 16. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of + 17. Literal tildes that appear as the first character in elements of the 'PATH' variable are not expanded as described above under *note Tilde Expansion::. - 17. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When + 18. The 'time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its completed children. The 'TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the format of the timing information. - 18. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within + 19. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs. - 19. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the + 20. The parser does not recognize 'time' as a reserved word if the next token begins with a '-'. - 20. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a + 21. The '!' character does not introduce history expansion within a double-quoted string, even if the 'histexpand' option is enabled. - 21. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a + 22. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding the command name, and so on. - 22. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign a value to a readonly variable. - 23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable + 24. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special builtin, but not with any other simple command. - 24. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the + 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration variable in a 'for' statement or the selection variable in a 'select' statement is a readonly variable. - 25. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not + 26. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in '.' FILENAME is not found. - 26. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic + 27. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion results in an invalid expression. - 27. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. + 28. Non-interactive shells exit if a parameter expansion error occurs. - 28. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script + 29. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read with the '.' or 'source' builtins, or in a string processed by the 'eval' builtin. - 29. Process substitution is not available. + 30. Process substitution is not available. - 30. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to + 31. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the '#' and '?' special parameters. - 31. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context + 32. When expanding the '*' special parameter in a pattern context where the expansion is double-quoted does not treat the '$*' as if it were double-quoted. - 32. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in + 33. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes. - 33. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in + 34. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX special builtin command had been executed. - 34. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take + 35. The 'command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded by 'command'. - 35. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job + 36. The 'bg' builtin uses the required format to describe each job placed in the background, which does not include an indication of whether the job is the current or previous job. - 36. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single + 37. The output of 'kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single line, separated by spaces, without the 'SIG' prefix. - 37. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' + 38. The 'kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a 'SIG' prefix. - 38. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output + 39. The 'export' and 'readonly' builtin commands display their output in the format required by POSIX. - 39. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading + 40. The 'trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading 'SIG'. - 40. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible + 41. The 'trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they should use '-' as the first argument. - 41. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory + 42. The '.' and 'source' builtins do not search the current directory for the filename argument if it is not found by searching 'PATH'. - 42. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the + 43. Enabling POSIX mode has the effect of setting the 'inherit_errexit' option, so subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of the '-e' option from the parent shell. When the 'inherit_errexit' option is not enabled, Bash clears the '-e' option in such subshells. - 43. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not + 44. When the 'alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not display them with a leading 'alias ' unless the '-p' option is supplied. - 44. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not + 45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not display shell function names and definitions. - 45. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays + 46. When the 'set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters. - 46. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname + 47. When the 'cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname constructed from '$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an argument does not refer to an existing directory, 'cd' will fail instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode. - 47. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as + 48. The 'pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file system with the '-P' option. - 48. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an + 49. When listing the history, the 'fc' builtin does not include an indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified. - 49. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. + 50. The default editor used by 'fc' is 'ed'. - 50. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable + 51. The 'type' and 'command' builtins will not report a non-executable file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in '$PATH'. - 51. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when + 52. The 'vi' editing mode will invoke the 'vi' editor directly when the 'v' command is run, instead of checking '$VISUAL' and '$EDITOR'. - 52. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to + 53. When the 'xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to interpret any arguments to 'echo' as options. Each argument is displayed, after escape characters are converted. - 53. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' + 54. The 'ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the '-c' and '-f' options. - 54. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not + 55. The arrival of 'SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on 'SIGCHLD' does not interrupt the 'wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately. The trap command is run once for each child that exits. - 55. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap + 56. The 'read' builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap has been set. If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing 'read', the trap handler executes and 'read' returns an exit status greater than 128. - 56. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list + 57. Bash removes an exited background process's status from the list of such statuses after the 'wait' builtin is used to obtain it. There is other POSIX behavior that Bash does not implement by default @@ -7374,7 +7410,7 @@ Variable Settings If set to 'on', and COMPLETION-IGNORE-CASE is enabled, Readline treats hyphens ('-') and underscores ('_') as equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching - and completion. + and completion. The default value is 'off'. 'completion-prefix-display-length' The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of @@ -7650,7 +7686,7 @@ Key Bindings Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word Control-o: "> output" - In the above example, 'C-u' is bound to the function + In the example above, 'C-u' is bound to the function 'universal-argument', 'M-DEL' is bound to the function 'backward-kill-word', and 'C-o' is bound to run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text @@ -8141,7 +8177,7 @@ File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev assigned by default. It allows Readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. The characters are inserted as if each one - was bound to 'self-insert') instead of executing any editing + was bound to 'self-insert' instead of executing any editing commands. 'transpose-chars (C-t)' @@ -8737,26 +8773,34 @@ happening. no matches were generated. 'complete' - complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DE] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] [-W WORDLIST] - [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT] + complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DEI] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] + [-W WORDLIST] [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT] [-P PREFIX] [-S SUFFIX] NAME [NAME ...] - complete -pr [-DE] [NAME ...] + complete -pr [-DEI] [NAME ...] Specify how arguments to each NAME should be completed. If the '-p' option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The '-r' option removes a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied, all - completion specifications. The '-D' option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the "default" command + completion specifications. The '-D' option indicates that other + supplied options and actions should apply to the "default" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The '-E' option indicates - that the remaining options and actions should apply to "empty" + that other supplied options and actions should apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line. + The '-I' option indicates that other supplied options and actions + should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the + line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is + usually command name completion. If multiple options are supplied, + the '-D' option takes precedence over '-E', and both take + precedence over '-I'. If any of '-D', '-E', or '-I' are supplied, + any other NAME arguments are ignored; these completions only apply + to the case specified by the option. The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion is attempted is described above (*note Programmable - Completion::). The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'. + Completion::). Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The arguments to the '-G', '-W', and '-X' options (and, if necessary, @@ -8783,7 +8827,7 @@ happening. 'filenames' Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any filename-specific processing (like - adding a slash to directory names quoting special + adding a slash to directory names, quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces). This option is intended to be used with shell functions specified with '-F'. @@ -8936,20 +8980,24 @@ happening. completion specification. 'compopt' - compopt [-o OPTION] [-DE] [+o OPTION] [NAME] + compopt [-o OPTION] [-DEI] [+o OPTION] [NAME] Modify completion options for each NAME according to the OPTIONs, or for the currently-executing completion if no NAMEs are supplied. If no OPTIONs are given, display the completion options for each NAME or the current completion. The possible values of OPTION are those valid for the 'complete' builtin described above. The '-D' - option indicates that the remaining options should apply to the + option indicates that other supplied options should apply to the "default" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion has previously been defined. The - '-E' option indicates that the remaining options should apply to + '-E' option indicates that other supplied options should apply to "empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a - blank line. + blank line. The '-I' option indicates that other supplied options + should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the + line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is + usually command name completion. - The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'. + If multiple options are supplied, the '-D' option takes precedence + over '-E', and both take precedence over '-I' The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a NAME for which no @@ -8993,7 +9041,7 @@ retrieves the completions from there when the function returns. local cur _skipdot _cdpath local i j k - # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname + # Tilde expansion, which also expands tilde to full pathname case "$2" in \~*) eval cur="$2" ;; *) cur=$2 ;; @@ -9263,7 +9311,8 @@ previous commands quickly. History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each -line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into account. +line individually. Bash attempts to inform the history expansion +functions about quoting still in effect from previous lines. History expansion takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list should be used during @@ -9274,10 +9323,20 @@ are called "words". Various "modifiers" are available to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion that Bash does, so that several words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the -history expansion character, which is '!' by default. Only '\' and ''' -may be used to escape the history expansion character, but the history -expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes -the closing double quote in a double-quoted string. +history expansion character, which is '!' by default. + + History expansion implements shell-like quoting conventions: a +backslash can be used to remove the special handling for the next +character; single quotes enclose verbatim sequences of characters, and +can be used to inhibit history expansion; and characters enclosed within +double quotes may be subject to history expansion, since backslash can +escape the history expansion character, but single quotes may not, since +they are not treated specially within double quotes. + + When using the shell, only '\' and ''' may be used to escape the +history expansion character, but the history expansion character is also +treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote in +a double-quoted string. Several shell options settable with the 'shopt' builtin (*note The Shopt Builtin::) may be used to tailor the behavior of history @@ -9760,8 +9819,8 @@ and linked, rather than changing run-time features. '--enable-largefile' Enable support for large files - (http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html) if - the operating system requires special compiler options to build + (http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html) if the + operating system requires special compiler options to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by default, if the operating system provides large file support. @@ -10881,7 +10940,7 @@ D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands * complete: Programmable Completion Builtins. (line 30) * compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins. - (line 229) + (line 237) * continue: Bourne Shell Builtins. (line 85) * declare: Bash Builtins. (line 148) @@ -10966,9 +11025,9 @@ D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words * !: Pipelines. (line 9) * [[: Conditional Constructs. - (line 122) + (line 124) * ]]: Conditional Constructs. - (line 122) + (line 124) * {: Command Grouping. (line 21) * }: Command Grouping. (line 21) * case: Conditional Constructs. @@ -10990,7 +11049,7 @@ D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words * in: Conditional Constructs. (line 28) * select: Conditional Constructs. - (line 80) + (line 82) * then: Conditional Constructs. (line 7) * time: Pipelines. (line 9) @@ -11006,24 +11065,24 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * Menu: -* !: Special Parameters. (line 50) -* #: Special Parameters. (line 33) -* $: Special Parameters. (line 45) -* $!: Special Parameters. (line 51) -* $#: Special Parameters. (line 34) -* $$: Special Parameters. (line 46) +* !: Special Parameters. (line 56) +* #: Special Parameters. (line 39) +* $: Special Parameters. (line 51) +* $!: Special Parameters. (line 57) +* $#: Special Parameters. (line 40) +* $$: Special Parameters. (line 52) * $*: Special Parameters. (line 10) -* $-: Special Parameters. (line 41) -* $0: Special Parameters. (line 56) -* $?: Special Parameters. (line 37) +* $-: Special Parameters. (line 47) +* $0: Special Parameters. (line 62) +* $?: Special Parameters. (line 43) * $@: Special Parameters. (line 23) -* $_: Special Parameters. (line 65) +* $_: Special Parameters. (line 71) * *: Special Parameters. (line 9) -* -: Special Parameters. (line 40) -* 0: Special Parameters. (line 55) -* ?: Special Parameters. (line 36) +* -: Special Parameters. (line 46) +* 0: Special Parameters. (line 61) +* ?: Special Parameters. (line 42) * @: Special Parameters. (line 22) -* _: Special Parameters. (line 64) +* _: Special Parameters. (line 70) * auto_resume: Job Control Variables. (line 6) * BASH: Bash Variables. (line 13) @@ -11031,21 +11090,21 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index * BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 25) * BASH_ALIASES: Bash Variables. (line 32) * BASH_ARGC: Bash Variables. (line 41) -* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 53) -* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 64) -* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 72) -* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 81) -* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 86) -* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 101) -* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 107) -* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 110) -* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 118) -* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 122) -* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 130) -* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 137) -* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 142) -* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 165) -* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 168) +* BASH_ARGV: Bash Variables. (line 54) +* BASH_ARGV0: Bash Variables. (line 66) +* BASH_CMDS: Bash Variables. (line 74) +* BASH_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 83) +* BASH_COMPAT: Bash Variables. (line 88) +* BASH_ENV: Bash Variables. (line 103) +* BASH_EXECUTION_STRING: Bash Variables. (line 109) +* BASH_LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 112) +* BASH_LOADABLES_PATH: Bash Variables. (line 120) +* BASH_REMATCH: Bash Variables. (line 124) +* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 132) +* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 139) +* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 144) +* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 167) +* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 170) * bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 38) * bind-tty-special-chars: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11054,12 +11113,12 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 50) * CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 9) -* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 179) +* CHILD_MAX: Bash Variables. (line 181) * colored-completion-prefix: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 55) * colored-stats: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 62) -* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 186) +* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 188) * comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 68) * completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11072,90 +11131,91 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 91) * completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 98) -* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 238) -* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 192) -* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 221) -* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 198) -* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 203) -* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 211) -* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 225) -* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 231) +* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 240) +* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 194) +* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 223) +* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 200) +* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 205) +* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 213) +* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 227) +* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 233) * convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 108) -* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 244) -* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 248) +* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 246) +* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 250) * disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 116) * echo-control-characters: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 121) * editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 126) -* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 258) +* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 260) * emacs-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 132) * enable-bracketed-paste: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 142) * enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 150) -* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 263) -* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 267) -* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 275) -* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 282) -* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 286) +* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 265) +* EPOCHREALTIME: Bash Variables. (line 269) +* EPOCHSECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 277) +* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 284) +* EXECIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 288) * expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 161) -* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 299) -* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 303) -* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 309) -* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 326) -* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 331) -* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 338) -* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 344) -* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 359) -* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 364) -* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 380) -* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 384) -* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 395) +* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 301) +* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 305) +* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 311) +* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 328) +* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 333) +* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 340) +* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 346) +* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 361) +* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 366) +* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 382) +* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 386) +* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 397) * history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 165) * history-size: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 171) -* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 415) -* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 422) +* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 417) +* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 424) * HOME: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 13) * horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 180) -* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 430) -* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 441) -* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 444) +* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 432) +* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 443) +* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 446) * IFS: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 18) -* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 447) +* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 449) * input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 457) +* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 459) +* INSIDE_EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 463) * isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 195) * keymap: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 202) -* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 461) -* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 465) -* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 469) -* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 476) +* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 469) +* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 473) +* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 477) +* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 484) * LC_MESSAGES: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 481) -* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 485) -* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 489) -* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 493) -* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 497) -* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 503) +* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Bash Variables. (line 489) +* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 493) +* LC_TIME: Bash Variables. (line 497) +* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 501) +* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 505) +* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 511) * MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 22) -* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 507) +* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 515) * MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 27) -* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 515) +* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 523) * mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 232) * mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11166,42 +11226,42 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 249) * meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 187) -* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 519) +* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 527) * OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 34) -* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 522) +* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 530) * OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 38) -* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 526) +* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 534) * output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 254) * page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 260) * PATH: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 42) -* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 529) -* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 534) -* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 543) -* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 547) -* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 551) -* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 557) +* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 537) +* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 542) +* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 552) +* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 556) +* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 560) +* PS0: Bash Variables. (line 566) * PS1: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 48) * PS2: Bourne Shell Variables. (line 53) -* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 562) -* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 567) -* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 575) -* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 578) -* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 583) -* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 587) -* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 591) +* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 571) +* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 576) +* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 584) +* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 587) +* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 592) +* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 596) +* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 600) * revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 270) -* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 594) -* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 600) -* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 605) -* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 614) +* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 603) +* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 609) +* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 614) +* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 623) * show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 276) * show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11212,10 +11272,10 @@ D.3 Parameter and Variable Index (line 297) * TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11) * TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11) -* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 619) -* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 657) -* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 669) -* UID: Bash Variables. (line 673) +* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 628) +* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 666) +* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 678) +* UID: Bash Variables. (line 682) * vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. (line 310) * vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax. @@ -11512,7 +11572,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index * installation: Basic Installation. (line 6) * interaction, readline: Readline Interaction. (line 6) -* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128) +* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 131) * interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6) * internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6) * job: Definitions. (line 38) @@ -11523,7 +11583,7 @@ D.5 Concept Index * killing text: Readline Killing Commands. (line 6) * localization: Locale Translation. (line 6) -* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 125) +* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128) * matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6) * metacharacter: Definitions. (line 46) * name: Definitions. (line 51) @@ -11606,112 +11666,112 @@ Node: Lists23781 Node: Compound Commands25520 Node: Looping Constructs26532 Node: Conditional Constructs29027 -Node: Command Grouping40082 -Node: Coprocesses41561 -Node: GNU Parallel43464 -Node: Shell Functions47438 -Node: Shell Parameters54521 -Node: Positional Parameters58934 -Node: Special Parameters59834 -Node: Shell Expansions63171 -Node: Brace Expansion65294 -Node: Tilde Expansion68018 -Node: Shell Parameter Expansion70366 -Node: Command Substitution84849 -Node: Arithmetic Expansion86204 -Node: Process Substitution87136 -Node: Word Splitting88256 -Node: Filename Expansion90200 -Node: Pattern Matching92730 -Node: Quote Removal96716 -Node: Redirections97011 -Node: Executing Commands106569 -Node: Simple Command Expansion107239 -Node: Command Search and Execution109169 -Node: Command Execution Environment111545 -Node: Environment114529 -Node: Exit Status116188 -Node: Signals117858 -Node: Shell Scripts119825 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands122340 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins124378 -Node: Bash Builtins145036 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior173944 -Node: The Set Builtin174289 -Node: The Shopt Builtin184702 -Node: Special Builtins201572 -Node: Shell Variables202551 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables202988 -Node: Bash Variables205092 -Node: Bash Features235106 -Node: Invoking Bash236005 -Node: Bash Startup Files241991 -Node: Interactive Shells247094 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?247504 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?248153 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior248968 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions252456 -Node: Shell Arithmetic256822 -Node: Aliases259639 -Node: Arrays262187 -Node: The Directory Stack267553 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins268337 -Node: Controlling the Prompt271305 -Node: The Restricted Shell274067 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode275892 -Node: Job Control286243 -Node: Job Control Basics286703 -Node: Job Control Builtins291671 -Node: Job Control Variables296398 -Node: Command Line Editing297554 -Node: Introduction and Notation299225 -Node: Readline Interaction300848 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials302039 -Node: Readline Movement Commands303822 -Node: Readline Killing Commands304782 -Node: Readline Arguments306700 -Node: Searching307744 -Node: Readline Init File309930 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax311077 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs331448 -Node: Sample Init File335644 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands338761 -Node: Commands For Moving339965 -Node: Commands For History341814 -Node: Commands For Text346109 -Node: Commands For Killing349498 -Node: Numeric Arguments351979 -Node: Commands For Completion353118 -Node: Keyboard Macros357309 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands357996 -Node: Readline vi Mode363949 -Node: Programmable Completion364856 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins372450 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example382336 -Node: Using History Interactively387587 -Node: Bash History Facilities388271 -Node: Bash History Builtins391276 -Node: History Interaction395807 -Node: Event Designators398874 -Node: Word Designators400093 -Node: Modifiers401730 -Node: Installing Bash403132 -Node: Basic Installation404269 -Node: Compilers and Options407527 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures408268 -Node: Installation Names409961 -Node: Specifying the System Type410779 -Node: Sharing Defaults411495 -Node: Operation Controls412168 -Node: Optional Features413126 -Node: Reporting Bugs423652 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell424846 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License441698 -Node: Indexes466875 -Node: Builtin Index467329 -Node: Reserved Word Index474156 -Node: Variable Index476604 -Node: Function Index492282 -Node: Concept Index505585 +Node: Command Grouping40110 +Node: Coprocesses41589 +Node: GNU Parallel43492 +Node: Shell Functions47550 +Node: Shell Parameters54633 +Node: Positional Parameters59046 +Node: Special Parameters59946 +Node: Shell Expansions63660 +Node: Brace Expansion65783 +Node: Tilde Expansion68507 +Node: Shell Parameter Expansion71124 +Node: 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1[42 1[30 37 38 1[46 46 51 74 23 2[28 1[42 1[42 46 42 1[46 51[33 32[51 12[{}18 90.9091 /CMTI10 rf /Fm 135[56 2[56 1[42 55 1[51 58 56 68 47 2[27 -1[58 49 51 57 54 53 56 46[50 2[50 1[34 45[{}20 90.9091 -/CMCSC10 rf /Fn 197[25 58[{}1 90.9091 /CMMI10 rf /Fo -197[33 58[{}1 119.552 /CMMI12 rf /Fp 134[85 85 1[85 90 -63 64 66 1[90 81 90 134 45 1[49 45 90 81 49 74 90 72 -90 78 10[122 124 112 90 120 3[126 153 97 1[83 60 126 -127 101 106 124 117 115 122 7[81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 -81 81 35[90 94 11[{}52 143.462 /CMBX12 rf /Fq 200[0 21[91 -17[45 1[91 12[71{}5 90.9091 /CMSY10 rf /Fr 133[40 48 -48 66 48 51 35 36 36 48 51 45 51 76 25 48 28 25 51 45 -28 40 51 40 51 45 7[68 68 93 1[68 66 51 67 1[62 71 68 -83 57 71 1[33 68 71 59 62 69 66 64 68 12[45 45 45 45 -3[30 8[45 21[76 1[51 53 11[{}57 90.9091 /CMSL10 rf /Fs -132[67 1[71 71 97 71 75 52 53 55 1[75 67 75 112 37 71 -41 37 75 67 41 61 75 60 75 65 3[37 1[37 1[102 102 139 -102 103 94 75 100 101 92 101 105 128 81 105 69 50 105 -106 85 88 103 97 96 102 105 64 4[37 67 67 67 67 67 67 -67 67 67 67 1[37 1[37 1[67 5[67 112 1[41 20[75 78 11[{}73 -119.552 /CMBX12 rf /Ft 129[48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 +1[58 49 51 57 54 53 56 8[74 4[56 2[67 77 5[37 22[50 2[50 +1[34 45[{}25 90.9091 /CMCSC10 rf /Fn 197[25 58[{}1 90.9091 +/CMMI10 rf /Fo 197[33 58[{}1 119.552 /CMMI12 rf /Fp 134[85 +85 1[85 90 63 64 66 1[90 81 90 134 45 1[49 45 90 81 49 +74 90 72 90 78 10[122 124 112 90 120 3[126 153 97 1[83 +60 126 127 101 106 124 117 115 122 7[81 81 81 81 81 81 +81 81 81 81 35[90 94 11[{}52 143.462 /CMBX12 rf /Fq 200[0 +21[91 17[45 1[91 12[71{}5 90.9091 /CMSY10 rf /Fr 133[40 +48 48 66 48 51 35 36 36 48 51 45 51 76 25 48 28 25 51 +45 28 40 51 40 51 45 7[68 68 93 1[68 66 51 67 1[62 71 +68 83 57 71 1[33 68 71 59 62 69 66 64 68 12[45 45 45 +45 3[30 8[45 21[76 1[51 53 11[{}57 90.9091 /CMSL10 rf +/Fs 132[67 1[71 71 97 71 75 52 53 55 1[75 67 75 112 37 +71 41 37 75 67 41 61 75 60 75 65 3[37 1[37 1[102 102 +139 102 103 94 75 100 101 92 101 105 128 81 105 69 50 +105 106 85 88 103 97 96 102 105 64 4[37 67 67 67 67 67 +67 67 67 67 67 1[37 1[37 1[67 5[67 112 1[41 20[75 78 +11[{}73 119.552 /CMBX12 rf /Ft 129[48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 -48 48 48 48 48 48 48 1[48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 +48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 1[48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 -48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 33[{}93 90.9091 -/CMTT10 rf /Fu 131[91 45 40 48 48 66 48 51 35 36 36 48 -51 45 51 76 25 48 28 25 51 45 28 40 51 40 51 45 25 2[25 -45 25 56 68 68 93 68 68 66 51 67 71 62 71 68 83 57 71 -47 33 68 71 59 62 69 66 64 68 71 43 1[71 1[25 25 45 45 -45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 25 30 25 1[45 35 35 25 71 -76 45 76 45 25 18[76 51 51 53 11[{}91 90.9091 /CMR10 -rf /Fv 138[108 1[76 79 3[108 1[54 3[108 1[59 88 1[86 -1[94 14[144 4[184 10[138 66[{}13 172.154 /CMBX12 rf end +48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 33[{}93 +90.9091 /CMTT10 rf /Fu 131[91 45 40 48 48 66 48 51 35 +36 36 48 51 45 51 76 25 48 28 25 51 45 28 40 51 40 51 +45 25 2[25 45 25 56 68 68 93 68 68 66 51 67 71 62 71 +68 83 57 71 47 33 68 71 59 62 69 66 64 68 71 43 1[71 +1[25 25 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 25 30 25 1[45 +35 35 25 71 76 45 76 45 25 18[76 51 51 53 11[{}91 90.9091 +/CMR10 rf /Fv 138[108 1[76 79 3[108 1[54 3[108 1[59 88 +1[86 1[94 14[144 4[184 10[138 66[{}13 172.154 /CMBX12 +rf end %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%Feature: *Resolution 600dpi @@ -7596,7 +7634,7 @@ ifelse TeXDict begin 1 0 bop 150 1318 a Fv(Bash)64 b(Reference)j(Man)-5 b(ual)p 150 1385 3600 34 v 2361 1481 a Fu(Reference)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(for)d(Bash)2428 1589 y(Edition)h(5.0,)g(for)f -Ft(Bash)g Fu(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(5.0.)3285 1697 y(Marc)m(h)g(2018)150 +Ft(Bash)g Fu(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(5.0.)3252 1697 y(August)f(2018)150 4927 y Fs(Chet)45 b(Ramey)-11 b(,)46 b(Case)g(W)-11 b(estern)46 b(Reserv)l(e)g(Univ)l(ersit)l(y)150 5068 y(Brian)f(F)-11 b(o)l(x,)45 b(F)-11 b(ree)45 b(Soft)l(w)l(are)h(F)-11 @@ -7604,10 +7642,10 @@ b(oundation)p 150 5141 3600 17 v eop end %%Page: 2 2 TeXDict begin 2 1 bop 150 4279 a Fu(This)35 b(text)h(is)g(a)g(brief)f (description)h(of)f(the)h(features)g(that)g(are)g(presen)m(t)g(in)f -(the)h(Bash)f(shell)h(\(v)m(ersion)150 4389 y(5.0,)c(15)f(Marc)m(h)g -(2018\).)150 4523 y(This)f(is)h(Edition)f(5.0,)i(last)g(up)s(dated)d -(15)j(Marc)m(h)f(2018,)i(of)e Fr(The)f(GNU)h(Bash)g(Reference)g(Man)m -(ual)p Fu(,)h(for)150 4633 y Ft(Bash)p Fu(,)d(V)-8 b(ersion)31 +(the)h(Bash)f(shell)h(\(v)m(ersion)150 4389 y(5.0,)c(7)e(August)h +(2018\).)150 4523 y(This)g(is)g(Edition)h(5.0,)h(last)f(up)s(dated)e(7) +i(August)f(2018,)j(of)e Fr(The)e(GNU)j(Bash)e(Reference)h(Man)m(ual)p +Fu(,)h(for)150 4633 y Ft(Bash)p Fu(,)c(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(5.0.)150 4767 y(Cop)m(yrigh)m(t)602 4764 y(c)577 4767 y Fq(\015)f Fu(1988{2018)35 b(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Soft)m(w)m(are)h(F)-8 b(oundation,)31 b(Inc.)390 4902 y(P)m(ermission)21 b(is)f(gran)m(ted)h @@ -7717,7 +7755,7 @@ h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)38 b Fu(19)399 3863 y(3.4.1)93 b(P)m(ositional)32 b(P)m(arameters)8 b Fn(:)17 b(:)f(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)h(:)21 b Fu(20)399 3973 y(3.4.2)93 b(Sp)s(ecial)30 +h(:)f(:)h(:)21 b Fu(21)399 3973 y(3.4.2)93 b(Sp)s(ecial)30 b(P)m(arameters)c Fn(:)16 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)37 b Fu(21)275 4082 @@ -7728,7 +7766,7 @@ f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f b(Expansion)9 b Fn(:)15 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)22 b -Fu(22)399 4301 y(3.5.2)93 b(Tilde)30 b(Expansion)18 b +Fu(23)399 4301 y(3.5.2)93 b(Tilde)30 b(Expansion)18 b Fn(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)31 b Fu(23)399 4411 y(3.5.3)93 @@ -7741,27 +7779,27 @@ g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)33 b Fu(30)399 4630 y(3.5.5)93 b(Arithmetic)31 b(Expansion)c Fn(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)40 b -Fu(30)399 4740 y(3.5.6)93 b(Pro)s(cess)30 b(Substitution)15 +Fu(31)399 4740 y(3.5.6)93 b(Pro)s(cess)30 b(Substitution)15 b Fn(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)28 b Fu(30)399 4849 y(3.5.7)93 b(W)-8 +(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)28 b Fu(31)399 4849 y(3.5.7)93 b(W)-8 b(ord)31 b(Splitting)d Fn(:)15 b(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g 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y(enabled)35 b(using)g(the)g Ft(shopt)f Fu(builtin)g(\(see)i(Section)g(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)j(page) f(65\),)i(the)d(last)150 628 y(elemen)m(t)d(of)e(a)h(pip)s(eline)f(ma)m @@ -8652,7 +8690,7 @@ Fu(Comp)s(ound)29 b(commands)h(are)i(the)f(shell)g(programming)f (op)s(erator)f(and)g(is)g(terminated)g(b)m(y)g(a)g(corresp)s(onding)f (reserv)m(ed)150 5121 y(w)m(ord)i(or)g(op)s(erator.)40 b(An)m(y)26 b(redirections)g(\(see)i(Section)f(3.6)g([Redirections],)h -(page)f(33\))h(asso)s(ciated)f(with)150 5230 y(a)k(comp)s(ound)f +(page)f(34\))h(asso)s(ciated)f(with)150 5230 y(a)k(comp)s(ound)f (command)h(apply)f(to)i(all)g(commands)f(within)f(that)i(comp)s(ound)d (command)i(unless)f(ex-)150 5340 y(plicitly)i(o)m(v)m(erridden.)p eop end @@ -8759,2440 +8797,2462 @@ y(executed.)k(The)34 b(return)g(status)h(is)f(the)h(exit)h(status)f(of) g(the)g(last)g(command)g(executed,)630 2060 y(or)30 b(zero)i(if)e(no)g (condition)h(tested)g(true.)150 2222 y Ft(case)288 b Fu(The)30 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Fu(in)g(a)h(script)g(that)h(could)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h -(describ)s(e)g(one)630 4546 y(in)m(teresting)d(feature)f(of)f(an)g -(animal:)870 4682 y Ft(echo)47 b(-n)g("Enter)f(the)h(name)f(of)i(an)f -(animal:)f(")870 4792 y(read)h(ANIMAL)870 4902 y(echo)g(-n)g("The)f -($ANIMAL)g(has)h(")870 5011 y(case)g($ANIMAL)e(in)965 -5121 y(horse)i(|)g(dog)g(|)h(cat\))e(echo)h(-n)g("four";;)965 -5230 y(man)g(|)h(kangaroo)d(\))j(echo)e(-n)i("two";;)965 -5340 y(*\))g(echo)e(-n)h("an)g(unknown)f(number)g(of";;)p +(describ)s(e)g(one)630 4766 y(in)m(teresting)d(feature)f(of)f(an)g +(animal:)870 4902 y Ft(echo)47 b(-n)g("Enter)f(the)h(name)f(of)i(an)f +(animal:)f(")870 5011 y(read)h(ANIMAL)870 5121 y(echo)g(-n)g("The)f +($ANIMAL)g(has)h(")870 5230 y(case)g($ANIMAL)e(in)965 +5340 y(horse)i(|)g(dog)g(|)h(cat\))e(echo)h(-n)g("four";;)p eop end %%Page: 12 18 TeXDict begin 12 17 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 -b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(12)870 299 -y Ft(esac)870 408 y(echo)47 b(")g(legs.")630 560 y Fu(If)25 +b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(12)965 299 +y Ft(man)47 b(|)h(kangaroo)d(\))j(echo)e(-n)i("two";;)965 +408 y(*\))g(echo)e(-n)h("an)g(unknown)f(number)g(of";;)870 +518 y(esac)870 628 y(echo)h(")g(legs.")630 781 y Fu(If)25 b(the)h(`)p Ft(;;)p Fu(')g(op)s(erator)g(is)g(used,)g(no)g(subsequen)m (t)f(matc)m(hes)i(are)f(attempted)h(after)g(the)f(\014rst)630 -669 y(pattern)g(matc)m(h.)40 b(Using)26 b(`)p Ft(;&)p +891 y(pattern)g(matc)m(h.)40 b(Using)26 b(`)p Ft(;&)p Fu(')f(in)h(place)g(of)g(`)p Ft(;;)p Fu(')g(causes)g(execution)h(to)f -(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(with)f(the)630 779 y Fr(command-list)39 +(con)m(tin)m(ue)h(with)f(the)630 1000 y Fr(command-list)39 b Fu(asso)s(ciated)f(with)e(the)g(next)g(clause,)j(if)d(an)m(y)-8 b(.)59 b(Using)37 b(`)p Ft(;;&)p Fu(')f(in)g(place)h(of)630 -889 y(`)p Ft(;;)p Fu(')30 b(causes)g(the)g(shell)g(to)g(test)h(the)f +1110 y(`)p Ft(;;)p Fu(')30 b(causes)g(the)g(shell)g(to)g(test)h(the)f 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Ft(;)d(done)630 1891 y Fu(The)25 b(list)h(of)f(w)m(ords)g +1855 y(same)c(syn)m(tax)g(as)f(the)h Ft(for)e Fu(command:)870 +1987 y Ft(select)46 b Fj(name)h Ft([in)g Fj(words)f Ft(...)o(];)h(do)h +Fj(commands)p Ft(;)d(done)630 2118 y Fu(The)25 b(list)h(of)f(w)m(ords)g (follo)m(wing)i Ft(in)d Fu(is)h(expanded,)h(generating)h(a)e(list)h(of) -g(items.)39 b(The)25 b(set)h(of)630 2000 y(expanded)i(w)m(ords)h(is)g +g(items.)39 b(The)25 b(set)h(of)630 2228 y(expanded)i(w)m(ords)h(is)g (prin)m(ted)f(on)h(the)g(standard)f(error)h(output)f(stream,)i(eac)m(h) -g(preceded)630 2110 y(b)m(y)21 b(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)37 +g(preceded)630 2337 y(b)m(y)21 b(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)37 b(If)20 b(the)i(`)p Ft(in)30 b Fj(words)p Fu(')20 b(is)h(omitted,)j (the)d(p)s(ositional)h(parameters)g(are)f(prin)m(ted,)630 -2219 y(as)28 b(if)f(`)p Ft(in)j("$@")p Fu(')d(had)f(b)s(een)h(sp)s +2447 y(as)28 b(if)f(`)p Ft(in)j("$@")p Fu(')d(had)f(b)s(een)h(sp)s (eci\014ed.)39 b(The)27 b Ft(PS3)g Fu(prompt)f(is)i(then)f(displa)m(y)m -(ed)h(and)f(a)h(line)630 2329 y(is)h(read)f(from)h(the)f(standard)g +(ed)h(and)f(a)h(line)630 2556 y(is)h(read)f(from)h(the)f(standard)g (input.)39 b(If)29 b(the)g(line)g(consists)g(of)g(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e -(corresp)s(onding)630 2438 y(to)36 b(one)f(of)h(the)f(displa)m(y)m(ed)h +(corresp)s(onding)630 2666 y(to)36 b(one)f(of)h(the)f(displa)m(y)m(ed)h (w)m(ords,)g(then)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(of)f Fr(name)40 -b Fu(is)35 b(set)h(to)g(that)g(w)m(ord.)54 b(If)630 2548 +b Fu(is)35 b(set)h(to)g(that)g(w)m(ord.)54 b(If)630 2776 y(the)37 b(line)h(is)f(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)39 b(the)e(w)m(ords)g(and)f (prompt)g(are)i(displa)m(y)m(ed)f(again.)62 b(If)37 b -Ft(EOF)f Fu(is)h(read,)630 2658 y(the)c Ft(select)e Fu(command)i +Ft(EOF)f Fu(is)h(read,)630 2885 y(the)c Ft(select)e Fu(command)i (completes.)50 b(An)m(y)33 b(other)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(read)g(causes)g -Fr(name)38 b Fu(to)c(b)s(e)e(set)630 2767 y(to)f(n)m(ull.)41 +Fr(name)38 b Fu(to)c(b)s(e)e(set)630 2995 y(to)f(n)m(ull.)41 b(The)30 b(line)g(read)h(is)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(in)g(the)f(v)-5 -b(ariable)31 b Ft(REPLY)p Fu(.)630 2898 y(The)42 b Fr(commands)j +b(ariable)31 b Ft(REPLY)p Fu(.)630 3126 y(The)42 b Fr(commands)j Fu(are)d(executed)h(after)g(eac)m(h)g(selection)h(un)m(til)e(a)h -Ft(break)d Fu(command)i(is)630 3007 y(executed,)32 b(at)f(whic)m(h)f(p) +Ft(break)d Fu(command)i(is)630 3236 y(executed,)32 b(at)f(whic)m(h)f(p) s(oin)m(t)g(the)h Ft(select)d Fu(command)i(completes.)630 -3138 y(Here)39 b(is)g(an)g(example)h(that)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)e(user)f +3367 y(Here)39 b(is)g(an)g(example)h(that)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)e(user)f (to)i(pic)m(k)f(a)g(\014lename)h(from)e(the)h(curren)m(t)630 -3247 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b(and)d(displa)m(ys)i(the)f(name)h(and)f -(index)f(of)i(the)g(\014le)f(selected.)870 3378 y Ft(select)46 -b(fname)g(in)i(*;)870 3487 y(do)870 3597 y(echo)f(you)g(picked)f -($fname)g(\\\($REPLY\\\))870 3707 y(break;)870 3816 y(done)150 -3968 y(\(\(...)o(\)\))870 4098 y(\(\()h Fj(expression)e -Ft(\)\))630 4228 y Fu(The)33 b(arithmetic)i Fr(expression)f +3477 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b(and)d(displa)m(ys)i(the)f(name)h(and)f +(index)f(of)i(the)g(\014le)f(selected.)870 3608 y Ft(select)46 +b(fname)g(in)i(*;)870 3718 y(do)870 3828 y(echo)f(you)g(picked)f +($fname)g(\\\($REPLY\\\))870 3937 y(break;)870 4047 y(done)150 +4200 y(\(\(...)o(\)\))870 4332 y(\(\()h Fj(expression)e +Ft(\)\))630 4463 y Fu(The)33 b(arithmetic)i Fr(expression)f Fu(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(according)g(to)f(the)g(rules)f(describ)s -(ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w)630 4338 y(\(see)j(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f +(ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w)630 4573 y(\(see)j(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f (Arithmetic],)i(page)f(91\).)55 b(If)34 b(the)h(v)-5 -b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)g(expression)g(is)630 4448 y(non-zero,)27 +b(alue)35 b(of)g(the)g(expression)g(is)630 4682 y(non-zero,)27 b(the)f(return)e(status)i(is)g(0;)h(otherwise)f(the)g(return)e(status)i -(is)g(1.)39 b(This)25 b(is)g(exactly)630 4557 y(equiv)-5 -b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)870 4688 y Ft(let)47 b(")p Fj(expression)p -Ft(")630 4818 y Fu(See)25 b(Section)h(4.2)h([Bash)e(Builtins],)i(page)f +(is)g(1.)39 b(This)25 b(is)g(exactly)630 4792 y(equiv)-5 +b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)870 4924 y Ft(let)47 b(")p Fj(expression)p +Ft(")630 5055 y Fu(See)25 b(Section)h(4.2)h([Bash)e(Builtins],)i(page)f (50,)i(for)c(a)i(full)f(description)g(of)g(the)h Ft(let)e -Fu(builtin.)150 4969 y Ft([[...)o(]])870 5100 y([[)47 -b Fj(expression)e Ft(]])630 5230 y Fu(Return)25 b(a)h(status)f(of)h(0)g -(or)g(1)g(dep)s(ending)e(on)h(the)h(ev)-5 b(aluation)27 -b(of)e(the)h(conditional)h(expres-)630 5340 y(sion)j -Fr(expression)p Fu(.)41 b(Expressions)29 b(are)i(comp)s(osed)f(of)g -(the)h(primaries)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(in)p -eop end +Fu(builtin.)150 5208 y Ft([[...)o(]])870 5340 y([[)47 +b Fj(expression)e Ft(]])p eop end %%Page: 13 19 TeXDict begin 13 18 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(13)630 299 -y(Section)36 b(6.4)h([Bash)f(Conditional)g(Expressions],)h(page)f(89.) 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b(expansion,)g(arithmetic)g(expansion,)g(command)630 +847 y(substitution,)40 b(pro)s(cess)f(substitution,)h(and)e(quote)h (remo)m(v)-5 b(al)40 b(are)f(p)s(erformed.)63 b(Condi-)630 -737 y(tional)32 b(op)s(erators)e(suc)m(h)g(as)h(`)p Ft(-f)p +956 y(tional)32 b(op)s(erators)e(suc)m(h)g(as)h(`)p Ft(-f)p Fu(')f(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(unquoted)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(recognized)j(as)f -(primaries.)630 878 y(When)k(used)f(with)h Ft([[)p Fu(,)h(the)f(`)p +(primaries.)630 1097 y(When)k(used)f(with)h Ft([[)p Fu(,)h(the)f(`)p Ft(<)p Fu(')g(and)g(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)g(sort)g -(lexicographically)j(using)d(the)630 988 y(curren)m(t)30 -b(lo)s(cale.)630 1129 y(When)22 b(the)h(`)p Ft(==)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p +(lexicographically)j(using)d(the)630 1207 y(curren)m(t)30 +b(lo)s(cale.)630 1348 y(When)22 b(the)h(`)p Ft(==)p Fu(')f(and)g(`)p Ft(!=)p Fu(')g(op)s(erators)h(are)g(used,)g(the)g(string)f(to)i(the)e -(righ)m(t)h(of)g(the)g(op)s(erator)630 1238 y(is)31 b(considered)g(a)h +(righ)m(t)h(of)g(the)g(op)s(erator)630 1457 y(is)31 b(considered)g(a)h (pattern)f(and)g(matc)m(hed)h(according)g(to)g(the)g(rules)f(describ)s -(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(in)630 1348 y(Section)d(3.5.8.1)h([P)m(attern)f -(Matc)m(hing],)h(page)f(32,)g(as)f(if)g(the)g Ft(extglob)d -Fu(shell)j(option)g(w)m(ere)630 1457 y(enabled.)46 b(The)31 +(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(in)630 1567 y(Section)d(3.5.8.1)h([P)m(attern)f +(Matc)m(hing],)h(page)f(33,)g(as)f(if)g(the)g Ft(extglob)d +Fu(shell)j(option)g(w)m(ere)630 1677 y(enabled.)46 b(The)31 b(`)p Ft(=)p Fu(')h(op)s(erator)h(is)f(iden)m(tical)h(to)g(`)p Ft(==)p Fu('.)46 b(If)31 b(the)h Ft(nocasematch)d Fu(shell)j(option)630 -1567 y(\(see)42 b(the)f(description)g(of)h Ft(shopt)d +1786 y(\(see)42 b(the)f(description)g(of)h Ft(shopt)d Fu(in)i(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)45 -b(page)d(65\))630 1677 y(is)e(enabled,)i(the)e(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s +b(page)d(65\))630 1896 y(is)e(enabled,)i(the)e(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s 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+(the)h(list)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(redirected)i(to)g(a)g(single)g(stream.)p eop end %%Page: 15 21 TeXDict begin 15 20 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 -b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(15)630 299 -y(Placing)30 b(a)f(list)g(of)g(commands)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(paren)m +b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(15)150 299 +y Ft(\(\))870 437 y(\()47 b Fj(list)g Ft(\))630 574 y +Fu(Placing)30 b(a)f(list)g(of)g(commands)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(paren)m (theses)e(causes)i(a)f(subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t)630 -408 y(to)k(b)s(e)e(created)j(\(see)f(Section)g(3.7.3)h([Command)d -(Execution)i(En)m(vironmen)m(t],)g(page)f(38\),)630 518 +684 y(to)k(b)s(e)e(created)j(\(see)f(Section)g(3.7.3)h([Command)d +(Execution)i(En)m(vironmen)m(t],)g(page)f(39\),)630 793 y(and)d(eac)m(h)h(of)g(the)f(commands)g(in)g Fr(list)j Fu(to)f(b)s(e)d(executed)j(in)e(that)h(subshell.)38 b(Since)28 -b(the)f Fr(list)630 628 y Fu(is)i(executed)g(in)f(a)h(subshell,)g(v)-5 +b(the)f Fr(list)630 903 y Fu(is)i(executed)g(in)f(a)h(subshell,)g(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(do)g(not)g(remain)f(in)g(e\013ect)j -(after)e(the)630 737 y(subshell)g(completes.)150 905 -y Ft({})870 1044 y({)47 b Fj(list)p Ft(;)g(})630 1183 +(after)e(the)630 1013 y(subshell)g(completes.)150 1178 +y Ft({})870 1316 y({)47 b Fj(list)p Ft(;)g(})630 1453 y Fu(Placing)30 b(a)g(list)g(of)g(commands)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(curly)f (braces)g(causes)h(the)f(list)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(executed)630 -1292 y(in)d(the)h(curren)m(t)g(shell)f(con)m(text.)42 +1563 y(in)d(the)h(curren)m(t)g(shell)f(con)m(text.)42 b(No)27 b(subshell)f(is)g(created.)41 b(The)26 b(semicolon)i(\(or)f -(newline\))630 1402 y(follo)m(wing)32 b Fr(list)h Fu(is)d(required.)275 -1574 y(In)44 b(addition)h(to)h(the)f(creation)i(of)e(a)g(subshell,)j +(newline\))630 1673 y(follo)m(wing)32 b Fr(list)h Fu(is)d(required.)275 +1841 y(In)44 b(addition)h(to)h(the)f(creation)i(of)e(a)g(subshell,)j (there)e(is)f(a)g(subtle)g(di\013erence)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(these)150 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4561 -y Fu(and)390 4701 y Ft(>&)p Fj(word)150 4841 y Fu(Of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o) -i(forms,)e(the)h(\014rst)e(is)i(preferred.)39 b(This)30 -b(is)g(seman)m(tically)j(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)390 -4981 y Ft(>)p Fj(word)46 b Ft(2>&1)275 5121 y Fu(When)41 -b(using)g(the)h(second)f(form,)k Fr(w)m(ord)f Fu(ma)m(y)e(not)g(expand) -f(to)h(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(or)g(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)75 -b(If)41 b(it)h(do)s(es,)150 5230 y(other)27 b(redirection)g(op)s -(erators)f(apply)h(\(see)g(Duplicating)h(File)f(Descriptors)h(b)s(elo)m -(w\))f(for)f(compatibilit)m(y)150 5340 y(reasons.)p eop -end +(ev)m(en)h(if)e(the)h(\014le)150 5340 y(named)30 b(b)m(y)g +Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(exists.)p eop end %%Page: 36 42 TeXDict begin 36 41 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(3:)41 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(36)150 299 -y Fk(3.6.5)63 b(App)s(ending)42 b(Standard)f(Output)g(and)g(Standard)g -(Error)150 446 y Fu(This)33 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)g(b)s(oth)f(the)g 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b(since)h(this)f(ensures)f(that)i(Bash)f(will)h(b)s(e)f(used) +f(to)i(in)m(terpret)f(the)h(script,)g(ev)m(en)g(if)f(it)h(is)f +(executed)150 3238 y(under)j(another)h(shell.)p eop end %%Page: 43 49 TeXDict begin 43 48 bop 3659 -116 a Fu(43)150 299 y Fp(4)80 b(Shell)53 b(Builtin)f(Commands)150 499 y Fu(Builtin)34 @@ -12202,10 +12262,10 @@ Fj(n)p Ft(])630 940 y Fu(Exit)31 b(a)g(login)g(shell,)g(returning)e(a)i (status)g(of)f Fr(n)g Fu(to)h(the)g(shell's)f(paren)m(t.)150 1096 y Ft(mapfile)870 1229 y(mapfile)46 b([-d)h Fj(delim)p Ft(])f([-n)h Fj(count)p Ft(])f([-O)h Fj(origin)p Ft(])f([-s)g -Fj(count)p Ft(])h([-t])f([-u)h Fj(fd)p Ft(])1061 1338 -y([-C)g Fj(callback)p Ft(])e([-c)i Fj(quantum)p Ft(])f([)p -Fj(array)p Ft(])630 1471 y Fu(Read)38 b(lines)f(from)g(the)h(standard)e -(input)g(in)m(to)j(the)e(indexed)g(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 +Fj(count)p Ft(])1061 1338 y([-t])h([-u)f Fj(fd)p Ft(])h([-C)g +Fj(callback)p Ft(])f([-c)g Fj(quantum)p Ft(])g([)p Fj(array)p +Ft(])630 1471 y Fu(Read)38 b(lines)f(from)g(the)h(standard)e(input)g +(in)m(to)j(the)e(indexed)g(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b Fr(arra)m(y)p Fu(,)i(or)630 1581 y(from)28 b(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fr(fd)k Fu(if)c(the)h Ft(-u)f Fu(option)h(is)g(supplied.)39 b(The)28 b(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b Ft(MAPFILE)e Fu(is)i(the)630 @@ -12430,33 +12490,33 @@ Fr(fd)p Fu(.)p eop end TeXDict begin 59 64 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(4:)41 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(59)150 299 y Ft(readarray)870 408 y(readarray)45 b([-d)i Fj(delim)p Ft(])f([-n)h Fj(count)p -Ft(])f([-O)h Fj(origin)p Ft(])f([-s)h Fj(count)p Ft(])f([-t])h([-u)g -Fj(fd)p Ft(])1061 518 y([-C)g Fj(callback)p Ft(])e([-c)i -Fj(quantum)p Ft(])f([)p Fj(array)p Ft(])630 650 y Fu(Read)38 -b(lines)f(from)g(the)h(standard)e(input)g(in)m(to)j(the)e(indexed)g -(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b Fr(arra)m(y)p Fu(,)i(or)630 -760 y(from)30 b(\014le)g(descriptor)h Fr(fd)i Fu(if)d(the)h -Ft(-u)e Fu(option)i(is)g(supplied.)630 892 y(A)f(synon)m(ym)g(for)g -Ft(mapfile)p Fu(.)150 1047 y Ft(source)870 1179 y(source)46 -b Fj(filename)630 1312 y Fu(A)30 b(synon)m(ym)g(for)g -Ft(.)g Fu(\(see)i(Section)f(4.1)g([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g -(43\).)150 1467 y Ft(type)870 1599 y(type)47 b([-afptP])e([)p -Fj(name)i Ft(...)o(])630 1731 y Fu(F)-8 b(or)42 b(eac)m(h)g -Fr(name)p Fu(,)i(indicate)e(ho)m(w)g(it)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(in)m -(terpreted)g(if)g(used)f(as)i(a)f(command)630 1841 y(name.)630 -1973 y(If)g(the)g Ft(-t)g Fu(option)h(is)f(used,)j Ft(type)c -Fu(prin)m(ts)h(a)h(single)g(w)m(ord)f(whic)m(h)g(is)g(one)h(of)g(`)p -Ft(alias)p Fu(',)630 2083 y(`)p Ft(function)p Fu(',)32 -b(`)p Ft(builtin)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(file)p Fu(')g(or)h(`)p -Ft(keyword)p Fu(',)f(if)h Fr(name)38 b Fu(is)33 b(an)f(alias,)j(shell)e -(function,)630 2192 y(shell)i(builtin,)g(disk)g(\014le,)h(or)e(shell)h -(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)55 -b(If)34 b(the)h Fr(name)40 b Fu(is)35 b(not)630 2302 -y(found,)29 b(then)h(nothing)h(is)f(prin)m(ted,)g(and)g -Ft(type)f Fu(returns)g(a)i(failure)g(status.)630 2434 -y(If)25 b(the)g Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(is)f(used,)h Ft(type)e -Fu(either)h(returns)g(the)g(name)g(of)h(the)f(disk)g(\014le)g(that)h(w) -m(ould)630 2544 y(b)s(e)k(executed,)h(or)g(nothing)f(if)g +Ft(])f([-O)h Fj(origin)p Ft(])f([-s)h Fj(count)p Ft(])1061 +518 y([-t])g([-u)f Fj(fd)p Ft(])h([-C)g Fj(callback)p +Ft(])f([-c)g Fj(quantum)p Ft(])g([)p Fj(array)p Ft(])630 +650 y Fu(Read)38 b(lines)f(from)g(the)h(standard)e(input)g(in)m(to)j +(the)e(indexed)g(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b Fr(arra)m(y)p +Fu(,)i(or)630 760 y(from)30 b(\014le)g(descriptor)h Fr(fd)i +Fu(if)d(the)h Ft(-u)e Fu(option)i(is)g(supplied.)630 +892 y(A)f(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Ft(mapfile)p Fu(.)150 1047 +y Ft(source)870 1179 y(source)46 b Fj(filename)630 1312 +y Fu(A)30 b(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Ft(.)g Fu(\(see)i(Section)f(4.1)g +([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(43\).)150 1467 +y Ft(type)870 1599 y(type)47 b([-afptP])e([)p Fj(name)i +Ft(...)o(])630 1731 y Fu(F)-8 b(or)42 b(eac)m(h)g Fr(name)p +Fu(,)i(indicate)e(ho)m(w)g(it)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(in)m(terpreted)g(if) +g(used)f(as)i(a)f(command)630 1841 y(name.)630 1973 y(If)g(the)g +Ft(-t)g Fu(option)h(is)f(used,)j Ft(type)c Fu(prin)m(ts)h(a)h(single)g +(w)m(ord)f(whic)m(h)g(is)g(one)h(of)g(`)p Ft(alias)p +Fu(',)630 2083 y(`)p Ft(function)p Fu(',)32 b(`)p Ft(builtin)p +Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(file)p Fu(')g(or)h(`)p Ft(keyword)p Fu(',)f(if)h +Fr(name)38 b Fu(is)33 b(an)f(alias,)j(shell)e(function,)630 +2192 y(shell)i(builtin,)g(disk)g(\014le,)h(or)e(shell)h(reserv)m(ed)g +(w)m(ord,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)55 b(If)34 b(the)h +Fr(name)40 b Fu(is)35 b(not)630 2302 y(found,)29 b(then)h(nothing)h(is) +f(prin)m(ted,)g(and)g Ft(type)f Fu(returns)g(a)i(failure)g(status.)630 +2434 y(If)25 b(the)g Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(is)f(used,)h +Ft(type)e Fu(either)h(returns)g(the)g(name)g(of)h(the)f(disk)g(\014le)g +(that)h(w)m(ould)630 2544 y(b)s(e)k(executed,)h(or)g(nothing)f(if)g Ft(-t)g Fu(w)m(ould)g(not)h(return)e(`)p Ft(file)p Fu('.)630 2676 y(The)h Ft(-P)g Fu(option)h(forces)g(a)g(path)f(searc)m(h)h(for)g (eac)m(h)g Fr(name)p Fu(,)g(ev)m(en)g(if)g Ft(-t)f Fu(w)m(ould)g(not)h @@ -12628,7 +12688,7 @@ Ft(-e)f Fu(w)m(as)i(b)s(eing)e(ignored,)j(the)e(shell)g(do)s(es)g(not) 5011 y(This)f(option)h(applies)f(to)h(the)g(shell)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g (and)f(eac)m(h)h(subshell)f(en-)1110 5121 y(vironmen)m(t)j(separately)i (\(see)f(Section)g(3.7.3)h([Command)d(Execution)i(En-)1110 -5230 y(vironmen)m(t],)i(page)f(38\),)i(and)d(ma)m(y)h(cause)f +5230 y(vironmen)m(t],)i(page)f(39\),)i(and)d(ma)m(y)h(cause)f (subshells)g(to)h(exit)g(b)s(efore)f(exe-)1110 5340 y(cuting)d(all)g (the)g(commands)f(in)g(the)g(subshell.)p eop end %%Page: 62 68 @@ -12762,7 +12822,7 @@ b(resultan)m(t)h(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(is)g(prin)m(ted)g(b)s(efore)f(the)h (command)g(and)f(its)i(expanded)1110 1275 y(argumen)m(ts.)630 1435 y Ft(-B)384 b Fu(The)41 b(shell)g(will)g(p)s(erform)f(brace)h (expansion)g(\(see)h(Section)g(3.5.1)g([Brace)1110 1544 -y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(22\).)42 b(This)30 b(option)h(is)f(on)g(b)m +y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(23\).)42 b(This)30 b(option)h(is)f(on)g(b)m (y)h(default.)630 1704 y Ft(-C)384 b Fu(Prev)m(en)m(t)25 b(output)e(redirection)h(using)f(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(',)i(`)p Ft(>&)p Fu(',)g(and)e(`)p Ft(<>)p Fu(')g(from)h(o)m(v)m(erwriting)1110 @@ -13078,7 +13138,7 @@ b(tracing)i(is)f(enabled:)63 b(command)42 b(substitution,)i(shell)f Ft(ERR)1290 3915 y Fu(trap.)630 4080 y Ft(extglob)144 b Fu(If)26 b(set,)i(the)f(extended)f(pattern)h(matc)m(hing)g(features)g (describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(\(see)1110 4189 y(Section)j(3.5.8.1)i -([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)g(page)f(32\))h(are)f(enabled.)630 +([P)m(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)g(page)f(33\))h(are)f(enabled.)630 4354 y Ft(extquote)96 b Fu(If)51 b(set,)58 b Ft($')p Fj(string)p Ft(')49 b Fu(and)i Ft($")p Fj(string)p Ft(")e Fu(quoting)k(is)e(p)s(erformed)f(within)1110 4463 y Ft(${)p @@ -13101,7 +13161,7 @@ Ft(FIGNORE)p Fu(.)37 b(This)22 b(option)1110 408 y(is)30 b(enabled)h(b)m(y)f(default.)630 603 y Ft(globasciiranges)1110 713 y Fu(If)j(set,)h(range)f(expressions)g(used)f(in)h(pattern)g(matc)m (hing)h(brac)m(k)m(et)h(expres-)1110 822 y(sions)28 b(\(see)h(Section)h -(3.5.8.1)g([P)m(attern)g(Matc)m(hing],)h(page)e(32\))g(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e) +(3.5.8.1)g([P)m(attern)g(Matc)m(hing],)h(page)e(33\))g(b)s(eha)m(v)m(e) g(as)g(if)1110 932 y(in)i(the)g(traditional)i(C)d(lo)s(cale)j(when)d(p) s(erforming)g(comparisons.)44 b(That)31 b(is,)1110 1042 y(the)d(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale's)i(collating)h(sequence)d(is)h(not)f @@ -13141,7 +13201,7 @@ y Ft(hostcomplete)1110 4074 y Fu(If)38 b(set,)j(and)c(Readline)i(is)f 630 4597 y Ft(huponexit)1110 4707 y Fu(If)i(set,)i(Bash)f(will)h(send)d Ft(SIGHUP)h Fu(to)h(all)h(jobs)e(when)g(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)k(login) 1110 4816 y(shell)31 b(exits)g(\(see)g(Section)g(3.7.6)h([Signals],)g -(page)f(40\).)630 5011 y Ft(inherit_errexit)1110 5121 +(page)f(41\).)630 5011 y Ft(inherit_errexit)1110 5121 y Fu(If)e(set,)h(command)g(substitution)f(inherits)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)g(the)f Ft(errexit)f Fu(op-)1110 5230 y(tion,)33 b(instead)g(of)f(unsetting)g(it)h(in)f(the)g(subshell)f(en)m @@ -13342,817 +13402,828 @@ b(ariable)36 b(is)f(in)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(when)f(Bash)630 737 y(starts)25 b(up,)f(eac)m(h)i(shell)e(option)h(in)e(the)i(list)g (will)f(b)s(e)g(enabled)g(b)s(efore)g(reading)g(an)m(y)g(startup)630 847 y(\014les.)41 b(This)29 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(readonly)-8 -b(.)150 1011 y Ft(BASHPID)144 b Fu(Expands)35 b(to)i(the)f(pro)s(cess)f +b(.)150 1044 y Ft(BASHPID)144 b Fu(Expands)35 b(to)i(the)f(pro)s(cess)f (ID)i(of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(Bash)g(pro)s(cess.)58 b(This)35 -b(di\013ers)h(from)g Ft($$)630 1121 y Fu(under)31 b(certain)j +b(di\013ers)h(from)g Ft($$)630 1154 y Fu(under)31 b(certain)j (circumstances,)h(suc)m(h)e(as)g(subshells)f(that)i(do)f(not)g(require) -g(Bash)g(to)h(b)s(e)630 1230 y(re-initialized.)57 b(Assignmen)m(ts)35 +g(Bash)g(to)h(b)s(e)630 1263 y(re-initialized.)57 b(Assignmen)m(ts)35 b(to)h Ft(BASHPID)d Fu(ha)m(v)m(e)j(no)f(e\013ect.)56 -b(If)34 b Ft(BASHPID)f Fu(is)i(unset,)h(it)630 1340 y(loses)31 +b(If)34 b Ft(BASHPID)f Fu(is)i(unset,)h(it)630 1373 y(loses)31 b(its)g(sp)s(ecial)g(prop)s(erties,)f(ev)m(en)h(if)f(it)h(is)g -(subsequen)m(tly)f(reset.)150 1504 y Ft(BASH_ALIASES)630 -1614 y Fu(An)40 b(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)d(v)-5 +(subsequen)m(tly)f(reset.)150 1570 y Ft(BASH_ALIASES)630 +1680 y Fu(An)40 b(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)d(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(whose)f(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(corresp)s(ond)g(to)i(the)f(in)m -(ternal)h(list)630 1724 y(of)c(aliases)h(as)f(main)m(tained)g(b)m(y)g +(ternal)h(list)630 1789 y(of)c(aliases)h(as)f(main)m(tained)g(b)m(y)g (the)g Ft(alias)e Fu(builtin.)59 b(\(see)37 b(Section)h(4.1)f([Bourne)g -(Shell)630 1833 y(Builtins],)31 b(page)g(43\).)42 b(Elemen)m(ts)31 +(Shell)630 1899 y(Builtins],)31 b(page)g(43\).)42 b(Elemen)m(ts)31 b(added)e(to)i(this)f(arra)m(y)h(app)s(ear)f(in)g(the)g(alias)h(list;)h -(ho)m(w-)630 1943 y(ev)m(er,)k(unsetting)f(arra)m(y)g(elemen)m(ts)g +(ho)m(w-)630 2008 y(ev)m(er,)k(unsetting)f(arra)m(y)g(elemen)m(ts)g (curren)m(tly)g(do)s(es)f(not)g(cause)h(aliases)h(to)f(b)s(e)f(remo)m -(v)m(ed)630 2052 y(from)25 b(the)h(alias)h(list.)40 b(If)25 +(v)m(ed)630 2118 y(from)25 b(the)h(alias)h(list.)40 b(If)25 b Ft(BASH_ALIASES)d Fu(is)k(unset,)g(it)g(loses)h(its)f(sp)s(ecial)g -(prop)s(erties,)g(ev)m(en)630 2162 y(if)k(it)h(is)g(subsequen)m(tly)f -(reset.)150 2326 y Ft(BASH_ARGC)630 2436 y Fu(An)39 b(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 +(prop)s(erties,)g(ev)m(en)630 2228 y(if)k(it)h(is)g(subsequen)m(tly)f +(reset.)150 2425 y Ft(BASH_ARGC)630 2534 y Fu(An)39 b(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(whose)f(v)-5 b(alues)39 b(are)h(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f -(of)h(parameters)g(in)g(eac)m(h)h(frame)630 2545 y(of)i(the)g(curren)m +(of)h(parameters)g(in)g(eac)m(h)h(frame)630 2644 y(of)i(the)g(curren)m (t)g(bash)f(execution)i(call)g(stac)m(k.)76 b(The)42 -b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(parameters)g(to)h(the)630 2655 +b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(parameters)g(to)h(the)630 2754 y(curren)m(t)38 b(subroutine)f(\(shell)i(function)e(or)i(script)f (executed)h(with)e Ft(.)h Fu(or)g Ft(source)p Fu(\))f(is)h(at)630 -2765 y(the)27 b(top)g(of)g(the)g(stac)m(k.)41 b(When)27 +2863 y(the)27 b(top)g(of)g(the)g(stac)m(k.)41 b(When)27 b(a)g(subroutine)f(is)h(executed,)i(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h -(parameters)630 2874 y(passed)44 b(is)h(pushed)e(on)m(to)j +(parameters)630 2973 y(passed)44 b(is)h(pushed)e(on)m(to)j Ft(BASH_ARGC)p Fu(.)81 b(The)44 b(shell)h(sets)g Ft(BASH_ARGC)e -Fu(only)i(when)e(in)630 2984 y(extended)34 b(debugging)f(mo)s(de)g +Fu(only)i(when)e(in)630 3082 y(extended)34 b(debugging)f(mo)s(de)g (\(see)i(Section)f(4.3.2)i([The)d(Shopt)g(Builtin],)i(page)g(65,)g(for) -630 3093 y(a)e(description)g(of)f(the)h Ft(extdebug)d +630 3192 y(a)e(description)g(of)f(the)h Ft(extdebug)d 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b(remo)m(v)m(e)h(directories.)63 +b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(77)150 299 y Ft(DIRSTACK)96 +b Fu(An)26 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)28 b(con)m(taining)g(the)f +(curren)m(t)f(con)m(ten)m(ts)j(of)e(the)f(directory)i(stac)m(k.)41 +b(Direc-)630 408 y(tories)33 b(app)s(ear)f(in)g(the)h(stac)m(k)h(in)e +(the)h(order)f(they)h(are)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)g(b)m(y)f(the)h +Ft(dirs)e Fu(builtin.)630 518 y(Assigning)f(to)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)g +(this)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(used)h(to)h(mo) +s(dify)e(directories)630 628 y(already)41 b(in)f(the)h(stac)m(k,)k(but) +40 b(the)h Ft(pushd)e Fu(and)h Ft(popd)f Fu(builtins)h(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e) +e(used)h(to)i(add)630 737 y(and)37 b(remo)m(v)m(e)h(directories.)63 b(Assignmen)m(t)37 b(to)h(this)f(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(will)g(not)f(c)m -(hange)i(the)e(cur-)630 628 y(ren)m(t)c(directory)-8 +(hange)i(the)e(cur-)630 847 y(ren)m(t)c(directory)-8 b(.)47 b(If)32 b Ft(DIRSTACK)e Fu(is)i(unset,)g(it)h(loses)g(its)g(sp)s (ecial)g(prop)s(erties,)f(ev)m(en)h(if)f(it)h(is)630 -737 y(subsequen)m(tly)d(reset.)150 896 y Ft(EMACS)240 +956 y(subsequen)m(tly)d(reset.)150 1115 y Ft(EMACS)240 b Fu(If)31 b(Bash)h(\014nds)d(this)j(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(in)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(when)e(the)i(shell)f(starts)h(with)f -(v)-5 b(alue)630 1005 y(`)p Ft(t)p Fu(',)36 b(it)f(assumes)f(that)h +(v)-5 b(alue)630 1224 y(`)p Ft(t)p Fu(',)36 b(it)f(assumes)f(that)h (the)g(shell)f(is)h(running)e(in)h(an)g(Emacs)h(shell)g(bu\013er)e(and) -h(disables)630 1115 y(line)d(editing.)150 1273 y Ft(ENV)336 +h(disables)630 1334 y(line)d(editing.)150 1492 y Ft(ENV)336 b Fu(Similar)35 b(to)g Ft(BASH_ENV)p Fu(;)h(used)e(when)g(the)h(shell)g (is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(in)e Fm(posix)h Fu(Mo)s(de)g(\(see)g(Sec-)630 -1383 y(tion)c(6.11)h([Bash)f(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(98\).)150 -1541 y Ft(EPOCHREALTIME)630 1650 y Fu(Eac)m(h)38 b(time)f(this)g +1602 y(tion)c(6.11)h([Bash)f(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(98\).)150 +1760 y Ft(EPOCHREALTIME)630 1870 y Fu(Eac)m(h)38 b(time)f(this)g (parameter)h(is)f(referenced,)i(it)f(expands)e(to)i(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s -(er)f(of)h(seconds)630 1760 y(since)f(the)g(Unix)f(Ep)s(o)s(c)m(h)g(as) +(er)f(of)h(seconds)630 1979 y(since)f(the)g(Unix)f(Ep)s(o)s(c)m(h)g(as) h(a)g(\015oating)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(with)f(micro-second)i -(gran)m(ularit)m(y)630 1870 y(\(see)42 b(the)g(do)s(cumen)m(tation)g +(gran)m(ularit)m(y)630 2089 y(\(see)42 b(the)g(do)s(cumen)m(tation)g (for)f(the)g(C)g(library)g(function)g Fr(time)47 b Fu(for)41 -b(the)h(de\014nition)f(of)630 1979 y(Ep)s(o)s(c)m(h\).)82 +b(the)h(de\014nition)f(of)630 2198 y(Ep)s(o)s(c)m(h\).)82 b(Assignmen)m(ts)44 b(to)h Ft(EPOCHREALTIME)c Fu(are)j(ignored.)83 -b(If)43 b Ft(EPOCHREALTIME)e Fu(is)630 2089 y(unset,)30 +b(If)43 b Ft(EPOCHREALTIME)e Fu(is)630 2308 y(unset,)30 b(it)h(loses)g(its)g(sp)s(ecial)g(prop)s(erties,)f(ev)m(en)h(if)f(it)h -(is)g(subsequen)m(tly)f(reset.)150 2247 y Ft(EPOCHSECONDS)630 -2357 y Fu(Eac)m(h)38 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b(n)m(umeric)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(user)d(id)g(of)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f (user.)40 b(This)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(readonly)-8 -b(.)150 3112 y Ft(EXECIGNORE)630 3221 y Fu(A)29 b(colon-separated)h +b(.)150 3331 y Ft(EXECIGNORE)630 3440 y Fu(A)29 b(colon-separated)h (list)f(of)g(shell)g(patterns)f(\(see)i(Section)f(3.5.8.1)i([P)m -(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)630 3331 y(page)j(32\))g(de\014ning)e(the)h +(attern)f(Matc)m(hing],)630 3550 y(page)j(33\))g(de\014ning)e(the)h (list)g(of)g(\014lenames)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(ignored)g(b)m(y)f(command)h -(searc)m(h)g(using)630 3440 y Ft(PATH)p Fu(.)k(Files)22 +(searc)m(h)g(using)630 3660 y Ft(PATH)p Fu(.)k(Files)22 b(whose)f(full)g(pathnames)g(matc)m(h)h(one)f(of)g(these)h(patterns)e -(are)i(not)f(considered)630 3550 y(executable)j(\014les)e(for)g(the)h +(are)i(not)f(considered)630 3769 y(executable)j(\014les)e(for)g(the)h (purp)s(oses)d(of)j(completion)h(and)d(command)i(execution)g(via)g -Ft(PATH)630 3660 y Fu(lo)s(okup.)56 b(This)35 b(do)s(es)g(not)h 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Fu(.)40 b(Eac)m(h)32 b(elemen)m(t)630 -408 y(of)g Ft(FUNCNAME)d Fu(has)j(corresp)s(onding)e(elemen)m(ts)j(in)f -Ft(BASH_LINENO)c Fu(and)k Ft(BASH_SOURCE)c Fu(to)630 -518 y(describ)s(e)39 b(the)h(call)h(stac)m(k.)70 b(F)-8 -b(or)41 b(instance,)i Ft(${FUNCNAME[$i]})35 b Fu(w)m(as)41 -b(called)f(from)g(the)630 628 y(\014le)27 b Ft(${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]})21 -b Fu(at)27 b(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)d Ft(${BASH_LINENO[$i]})p -Fu(.)34 b(The)27 b Ft(caller)630 737 y Fu(builtin)j(displa)m(ys)g(the)h -(curren)m(t)f(call)i(stac)m(k)g(using)d(this)i(information.)150 -894 y Ft(FUNCNEST)96 b Fu(If)34 b(set)i(to)f(a)h(n)m(umeric)e(v)-5 +b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(78)630 299 y(Assignmen)m(ts)23 +b(to)f Ft(FUNCNAME)e Fu(ha)m(v)m(e)k(no)e(e\013ect.)39 +b(If)22 b Ft(FUNCNAME)e Fu(is)i(unset,)h(it)g(loses)g(its)f(sp)s(ecial) +630 408 y(prop)s(erties,)30 b(ev)m(en)h(if)f(it)h(is)g(subsequen)m(tly) +f(reset.)630 543 y(This)h(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)g +(with)g Ft(BASH_LINENO)d Fu(and)j 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Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(98)225 299 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Sp)s(ecifying)32 b(a)g(\014lename)h(con)m(taining)h(a)e(slash)g (as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(to)g(the)f -Ft(hash)330 408 y Fu(builtin)e(command.)225 538 y Fq(\017)60 +Ft(hash)330 408 y Fu(builtin)e(command.)225 545 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Imp)s(orting)30 b(function)g(de\014nitions)g(from)f(the)i(shell)g -(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(at)g(startup.)225 667 y Fq(\017)60 +(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(at)g(startup.)225 682 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(P)m(arsing)31 b(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g Ft(SHELLOPTS)d Fu(from)h(the)i(shell)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(at)g(startup.)225 -796 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Redirecting)31 b(output)f(using)g(the)h(`)p +819 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Redirecting)31 b(output)f(using)g(the)h(`)p Ft(>)p Fu(',)g(`)p Ft(>|)p Fu(',)f(`)p Ft(<>)p Fu(',)h(`)p Ft(>&)p Fu(',)f(`)p Ft(&>)p Fu(',)h(and)e(`)p Ft(>>)p -Fu(')i(redirection)g(op)s(erators.)225 925 y Fq(\017)60 +Fu(')i(redirection)g(op)s(erators.)225 955 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Using)31 b(the)f Ft(exec)f Fu(builtin)h(to)h(replace)h(the)e -(shell)h(with)f(another)h(command.)225 1054 y Fq(\017)60 +(shell)h(with)f(another)h(command.)225 1092 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Adding)24 b(or)g(deleting)i(builtin)e(commands)g(with)h(the)f Ft(-f)g Fu(and)g Ft(-d)g Fu(options)h(to)h(the)e Ft(enable)f -Fu(builtin.)225 1183 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Using)31 b(the)f +Fu(builtin.)225 1229 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Using)31 b(the)f Ft(enable)f Fu(builtin)h(command)g(to)h(enable)g(disabled)f(shell)g -(builtins.)225 1312 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Sp)s(ecifying)30 +(builtins.)225 1365 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Sp)s(ecifying)30 b(the)g Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(to)g(the)g Ft(command)d Fu(builtin.)225 -1441 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(T)-8 b(urning)29 b(o\013)i(restricted)g(mo)s(de) +1502 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(T)-8 b(urning)29 b(o\013)i(restricted)g(mo)s(de) f(with)g(`)p Ft(set)g(+r)p Fu(')g(or)g(`)p Ft(set)g(+o)g(restricted)p -Fu('.)275 1590 y(These)g(restrictions)h(are)g(enforced)f(after)h(an)m -(y)g(startup)f(\014les)g(are)h(read.)275 1719 y(When)j(a)i(command)e +Fu('.)275 1668 y(These)g(restrictions)h(are)g(enforced)f(after)h(an)m +(y)g(startup)f(\014les)g(are)h(read.)275 1807 y(When)j(a)i(command)e (that)i(is)f(found)f(to)h(b)s(e)g(a)g(shell)g(script)g(is)g(executed)h -(\(see)g(Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)150 1828 y(Scripts],)25 +(\(see)g(Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)150 1917 y(Scripts],)25 b(page)e(41\),)j Ft(rbash)c Fu(turns)g(o\013)i(an)m(y)f(restrictions)h (in)f(the)g(shell)h(spa)m(wned)e(to)i(execute)g(the)g(script.)150 -2058 y Fs(6.11)68 b(Bash)45 b(POSIX)f(Mo)t(de)150 2218 +2164 y Fs(6.11)68 b(Bash)45 b(POSIX)f(Mo)t(de)150 2324 y Fu(Starting)39 b(Bash)f(with)g(the)h Ft(--posix)d Fu(command-line)j (option)g(or)f(executing)h(`)p Ft(set)30 b(-o)g(posix)p -Fu(')37 b(while)150 2327 y(Bash)26 b(is)g(running)e(will)j(cause)f +Fu(')37 b(while)150 2433 y(Bash)26 b(is)g(running)e(will)j(cause)f (Bash)g(to)h(conform)f(more)g(closely)h(to)g(the)f Fm(posix)f -Fu(standard)g(b)m(y)h(c)m(hanging)150 2437 y(the)31 b(b)s(eha)m(vior)f +Fu(standard)g(b)m(y)h(c)m(hanging)150 2543 y(the)31 b(b)s(eha)m(vior)f (to)h(matc)m(h)g(that)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)g Fu(in)g(areas)h(where)f(the)h(Bash)f(default)h(di\013ers.)275 -2566 y(When)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)g Ft(sh)p Fu(,)f(Bash)h(en)m(ters)g +2682 y(When)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)g Ft(sh)p Fu(,)f(Bash)h(en)m(ters)g Fm(posix)e Fu(mo)s(de)h(after)h(reading)g(the)f(startup)g(\014les.)275 -2695 y(The)f(follo)m(wing)j(list)f(is)g(what's)f(c)m(hanged)h(when)e(`) -p Fm(posix)h Fu(mo)s(de')h(is)f(in)g(e\013ect:)199 2824 -y(1.)61 b(When)28 b(a)i(command)e(in)g(the)h(hash)f(table)i(no)e -(longer)h(exists,)h(Bash)f(will)g(re-searc)m(h)h Ft($PATH)d -Fu(to)i(\014nd)330 2934 y(the)i(new)e(lo)s(cation.)43 -b(This)29 b(is)i(also)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(with)d(`)p -Ft(shopt)f(-s)h(checkhash)p Fu('.)199 3063 y(2.)61 b(The)42 -b(message)h(prin)m(ted)e(b)m(y)h(the)g(job)g(con)m(trol)i(co)s(de)e -(and)f(builtins)h(when)f(a)h(job)g(exits)h(with)f(a)330 -3172 y(non-zero)31 b(status)g(is)f(`Done\(status\)'.)199 -3302 y(3.)61 b(The)40 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(job)f(con) +2821 y(The)f(follo)m(wing)j(list)f(is)g(what's)f(c)m(hanged)h(when)e(`) +p Fm(posix)h Fu(mo)s(de')h(is)f(in)g(e\013ect:)199 2959 +y(1.)61 b(Bash)31 b(ensures)e(that)i(the)f Ft(POSIXLY_CORRECT)d +Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(set.)199 3096 y(2.)61 b(When)28 +b(a)i(command)e(in)g(the)h(hash)f(table)i(no)e(longer)h(exists,)h(Bash) +f(will)g(re-searc)m(h)h Ft($PATH)d Fu(to)i(\014nd)330 +3206 y(the)i(new)e(lo)s(cation.)43 b(This)29 b(is)i(also)g(a)m(v)-5 +b(ailable)33 b(with)d(`)p Ft(shopt)f(-s)h(checkhash)p +Fu('.)199 3342 y(3.)61 b(The)42 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)e(b)m(y)h(the)g +(job)g(con)m(trol)i(co)s(de)e(and)f(builtins)h(when)f(a)h(job)g(exits)h +(with)f(a)330 3452 y(non-zero)31 b(status)g(is)f(`Done\(status\)'.)199 +3589 y(4.)61 b(The)40 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(job)f(con) m(trol)h(co)s(de)g(and)f(builtins)f(when)h(a)g(job)g(is)h(stopp)s(ed)e -(is)330 3411 y(`Stopp)s(ed\()p Fr(signame)5 b Fu(\)',)31 +(is)330 3698 y(`Stopp)s(ed\()p Fr(signame)5 b Fu(\)',)31 b(where)f Fr(signame)36 b Fu(is,)31 b(for)f(example,)h -Ft(SIGTSTP)p Fu(.)199 3540 y(4.)61 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(is)f(alw)m +Ft(SIGTSTP)p Fu(.)199 3835 y(5.)61 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(is)f(alw)m (a)m(ys)i(enabled,)e(ev)m(en)i(in)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)199 -3669 y(5.)61 b(Reserv)m(ed)40 b(w)m(ords)g(app)s(earing)f(in)h(a)g(con) +3972 y(6.)61 b(Reserv)m(ed)40 b(w)m(ords)g(app)s(earing)f(in)h(a)g(con) m(text)i(where)d(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ords)f(are)i(recognized)g(do)f(not) -330 3779 y(undergo)30 b(alias)h(expansion.)199 3908 y(6.)61 +330 4081 y(undergo)30 b(alias)h(expansion.)199 4218 y(7.)61 b(The)38 b Fm(posix)h Ft(PS1)f Fu(and)g Ft(PS2)g Fu(expansions)g(of)i (`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')f(to)g(the)g(history)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(and)g(`)p -Ft(!!)p Fu(')h(to)g(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(are)330 4018 y(enabled,)26 +Ft(!!)p Fu(')h(to)g(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(are)330 4328 y(enabled,)26 b(and)f(parameter)g(expansion)g(is)g(p)s(erformed)e(on)i(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)25 b(of)g Ft(PS1)f Fu(and)h Ft(PS2)f Fu(regardless)330 -4127 y(of)31 b(the)f(setting)i(of)e(the)h Ft(promptvars)c -Fu(option.)199 4256 y(7.)61 b(The)30 b Fm(posix)g Fu(startup)f(\014les) +4437 y(of)31 b(the)f(setting)i(of)e(the)h Ft(promptvars)c +Fu(option.)199 4574 y(8.)61 b(The)30 b Fm(posix)g Fu(startup)f(\014les) i(are)g(executed)g(\()p Ft($ENV)p Fu(\))f(rather)g(than)g(the)h(normal) -f(Bash)g(\014les.)199 4385 y(8.)61 b(Tilde)30 b(expansion)g(is)f(only)h +f(Bash)g(\014les.)199 4711 y(9.)61 b(Tilde)30 b(expansion)g(is)f(only)h (p)s(erformed)f(on)h(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)g(a)g(command)g(name,)g -(rather)330 4495 y(than)g(on)g(all)i(assignmen)m(t)f(statemen)m(ts)h -(on)e(the)h(line.)199 4624 y(9.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(history)h +(rather)330 4820 y(than)g(on)g(all)i(assignmen)m(t)f(statemen)m(ts)h +(on)e(the)h(line.)154 4957 y(10.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(history)h (\014le)f(is)h Ft(~/.sh_history)26 b Fu(\(this)31 b(is)f(the)h(default) -g(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)h Ft($HISTFILE)p Fu(\).)154 4753 -y(10.)61 b(Redirection)25 b(op)s(erators)f(do)g(not)g(p)s(erform)f +g(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)h Ft($HISTFILE)p Fu(\).)154 5094 +y(11.)61 b(Redirection)25 b(op)s(erators)f(do)g(not)g(p)s(erform)f (\014lename)h(expansion)g(on)g(the)g(w)m(ord)f(in)h(the)g(redirection) -330 4863 y(unless)30 b(the)g(shell)h(is)f(in)m(teractiv)m(e.)154 -4992 y(11.)61 b(Redirection)31 b(op)s(erators)g(do)f(not)h(p)s(erform)e -(w)m(ord)h(splitting)h(on)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(in)g(the)g(redirection.)154 -5121 y(12.)61 b(F)-8 b(unction)35 b(names)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(v)-5 -b(alid)35 b(shell)f Ft(name)p Fu(s.)52 b(That)34 b(is,)i(they)f(ma)m(y) -g(not)g(con)m(tain)g(c)m(haracters)330 5230 y(other)e(than)g(letters,)h -(digits,)h(and)d(underscores,)h(and)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(start)h(with)e(a)h -(digit.)49 b(Declaring)330 5340 y(a)31 b(function)f(with)g(an)g(in)m(v) --5 b(alid)31 b(name)g(causes)f(a)h(fatal)h(syn)m(tax)f(error)f(in)g -(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)p eop end +330 5203 y(unless)30 b(the)g(shell)h(is)f(in)m(teractiv)m(e.)154 +5340 y(12.)61 b(Redirection)31 b(op)s(erators)g(do)f(not)h(p)s(erform)e +(w)m(ord)h(splitting)h(on)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(in)g(the)g(redirection.)p +eop end %%Page: 99 105 TeXDict begin 99 104 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(99)154 299 y(13.)61 -b(F)-8 b(unction)31 b(names)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(b)s(e)f(the)g(same)h(as)g -(one)f(of)h(the)f Fm(posix)g Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins.)154 -437 y(14.)61 b Fm(posix)30 b Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins)e(are)i(found)e +b(F)-8 b(unction)35 b(names)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(v)-5 +b(alid)35 b(shell)f Ft(name)p Fu(s.)52 b(That)34 b(is,)i(they)f(ma)m(y) +g(not)g(con)m(tain)g(c)m(haracters)330 408 y(other)e(than)g(letters,)h +(digits,)h(and)d(underscores,)h(and)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(start)h(with)e(a)h +(digit.)49 b(Declaring)330 518 y(a)31 b(function)f(with)g(an)g(in)m(v) +-5 b(alid)31 b(name)g(causes)f(a)h(fatal)h(syn)m(tax)f(error)f(in)g +(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 651 y(14.)61 b(F)-8 +b(unction)31 b(names)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(b)s(e)f(the)g(same)h(as)g(one)f +(of)h(the)f Fm(posix)g Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins.)154 +783 y(15.)61 b Fm(posix)30 b Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins)e(are)i(found)e (b)s(efore)h(shell)h(functions)f(during)f(command)h(lo)s(okup.)154 -576 y(15.)61 b(When)48 b(prin)m(ting)g(shell)h(function)f +916 y(16.)61 b(When)48 b(prin)m(ting)g(shell)h(function)f (de\014nitions)g(\(e.g.,)55 b(b)m(y)48 b Ft(type)p Fu(\),)k(Bash)d(do)s -(es)f(not)h(prin)m(t)f(the)330 685 y Ft(function)28 b -Fu(k)m(eyw)m(ord.)154 824 y(16.)61 b(Literal)28 b(tildes)g(that)f(app)s -(ear)f(as)i(the)f(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)j(in)d(elemen)m(ts)j(of)e(the) -g Ft(PATH)f Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(are)h(not)330 933 -y(expanded)i(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(under)d(Section)i -(3.5.2)h([Tilde)f(Expansion],)f(page)h(23.)154 1072 y(17.)61 -b(The)29 b Ft(time)g Fu(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(used)f -(b)m(y)h(itself)g(as)g(a)h(command.)40 b(When)30 b(used)f(in)g(this)h -(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)330 1181 y(it)33 b(displa)m(ys)g(timing)g(statistics) -h(for)e(the)h(shell)g(and)f(its)g(completed)i(c)m(hildren.)47 -b(The)32 b Ft(TIMEFORMAT)330 1291 y Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)31 -b(con)m(trols)h(the)e(format)h(of)g(the)f(timing)h(information.)154 -1429 y(18.)61 b(When)33 b(parsing)g(and)f(expanding)h(a)h($)p -Fi({)6 b Fu(.)22 b(.)h(.)11 b Fi(})33 b Fu(expansion)g(that)h(app)s -(ears)f(within)f(double)h(quotes,)330 1539 y(single)42 -b(quotes)g(are)g(no)g(longer)g(sp)s(ecial)g(and)f(cannot)i(b)s(e)e -(used)g(to)h(quote)g(a)g(closing)h(brace)f(or)330 1649 -y(other)31 b(sp)s(ecial)h(c)m(haracter,)i(unless)c(the)i(op)s(erator)f -(is)g(one)h(of)f(those)h(de\014ned)e(to)i(p)s(erform)e(pattern)330 -1758 y(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)42 b(In)30 b(this)g(case,)i(they)e(do)g(not)h -(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(app)s(ear)e(as)i(matc)m(hed)g(pairs.)154 -1897 y(19.)61 b(The)29 b(parser)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(recognize)h +(es)f(not)h(prin)m(t)f(the)330 1026 y Ft(function)28 +b Fu(k)m(eyw)m(ord.)154 1158 y(17.)61 b(Literal)28 b(tildes)g(that)f +(app)s(ear)f(as)i(the)f(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)j(in)d(elemen)m(ts)j(of) +e(the)g Ft(PATH)f Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(are)h(not)330 +1268 y(expanded)i(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(under)d(Section) +i(3.5.2)h([Tilde)f(Expansion],)f(page)h(23.)154 1401 +y(18.)61 b(The)29 b Ft(time)g Fu(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ord)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s +(e)g(used)f(b)m(y)h(itself)g(as)g(a)h(command.)40 b(When)30 +b(used)f(in)g(this)h(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)330 1510 y(it)33 +b(displa)m(ys)g(timing)g(statistics)h(for)e(the)h(shell)g(and)f(its)g +(completed)i(c)m(hildren.)47 b(The)32 b Ft(TIMEFORMAT)330 +1620 y Fu(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(con)m(trols)h(the)e(format)h(of)g(the)f +(timing)h(information.)154 1752 y(19.)61 b(When)33 b(parsing)g(and)f +(expanding)h(a)h($)p Fi({)6 b Fu(.)22 b(.)h(.)11 b Fi(})33 +b Fu(expansion)g(that)h(app)s(ears)f(within)f(double)h(quotes,)330 +1862 y(single)42 b(quotes)g(are)g(no)g(longer)g(sp)s(ecial)g(and)f +(cannot)i(b)s(e)e(used)g(to)h(quote)g(a)g(closing)h(brace)f(or)330 +1972 y(other)31 b(sp)s(ecial)h(c)m(haracter,)i(unless)c(the)i(op)s +(erator)f(is)g(one)h(of)f(those)h(de\014ned)e(to)i(p)s(erform)e +(pattern)330 2081 y(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)42 b(In)30 b(this)g(case,)i(they) +e(do)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h(to)f(app)s(ear)e(as)i(matc)m(hed)g(pairs.)154 +2214 y(20.)61 b(The)29 b(parser)g(do)s(es)g(not)h(recognize)h Ft(time)d Fu(as)i(a)g(reserv)m(ed)f(w)m(ord)g(if)h(the)f(next)h(tok)m -(en)h(b)s(egins)d(with)i(a)330 2006 y(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)154 -2145 y(20.)61 b(The)30 b(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(do)s(es)e +(en)h(b)s(egins)d(with)i(a)330 2323 y(`)p Ft(-)p Fu('.)154 +2456 y(21.)61 b(The)30 b(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(c)m(haracter)h(do)s(es)e (not)h(in)m(tro)s(duce)g(history)f(expansion)h(within)f(a)h -(double-quoted)g(string,)330 2254 y(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h -Ft(histexpand)d Fu(option)i(is)h(enabled.)154 2393 y(21.)61 +(double-quoted)g(string,)330 2566 y(ev)m(en)g(if)f(the)h +Ft(histexpand)d Fu(option)i(is)h(enabled.)154 2698 y(22.)61 b(If)24 b(a)g Fm(posix)g Fu(sp)s(ecial)h(builtin)f(returns)f(an)h (error)g(status,)i(a)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(exits.)39 -b(The)24 b(fatal)330 2502 y(errors)30 b(are)h(those)f(listed)h(in)f +b(The)24 b(fatal)330 2808 y(errors)30 b(are)h(those)f(listed)h(in)f (the)h Fm(posix)e Fu(standard,)h(and)g(include)g(things)g(lik)m(e)i -(passing)e(incorrect)330 2612 y(options,)43 b(redirection)d(errors,)i +(passing)e(incorrect)330 2917 y(options,)43 b(redirection)d(errors,)i (v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(assignmen)m(t)g(errors)e(for)g(assignmen)m(ts)i -(preceding)f(the)330 2721 y(command)30 b(name,)h(and)f(so)g(on.)154 -2860 y(22.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e +(preceding)f(the)330 3027 y(command)30 b(name,)h(and)f(so)g(on.)154 +3160 y(23.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e (an)h(error)g(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g -(error)e(o)s(ccurs)330 2969 y(when)38 b(no)h(command)g(name)g(follo)m +(error)e(o)s(ccurs)330 3269 y(when)38 b(no)h(command)g(name)g(follo)m (ws)i(the)e(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(ts.)69 b(A)39 -b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(assignmen)m(t)330 3079 y(error)30 +b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(assignmen)m(t)330 3379 y(error)30 b(o)s(ccurs,)g(for)g(example,)i(when)d(trying)i(to)g(assign)f(a)h(v)-5 -b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)154 3217 -y(23.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e(an)h +b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5 b(ariable.)154 3512 +y(24.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h(with)e(an)h (error)g(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)e -(o)s(ccurs)330 3327 y(in)g(an)g(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(t)g +(o)s(ccurs)330 3621 y(in)g(an)g(assignmen)m(t)i(statemen)m(t)g (preceding)e(a)h(sp)s(ecial)g(builtin,)f(but)g(not)g(with)h(an)m(y)f -(other)h(simple)330 3437 y(command.)154 3575 y(24.)61 +(other)h(simple)330 3731 y(command.)154 3863 y(25.)61 b(A)43 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell)e(exits)h(with)f(an)f(error)h (status)g(if)g(the)g(iteration)h(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(in)f(a)g -Ft(for)330 3685 y Fu(statemen)m(t)32 b(or)f(the)f(selection)i(v)-5 +Ft(for)330 3973 y Fu(statemen)m(t)32 b(or)f(the)f(selection)i(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(in)e(a)g Ft(select)f Fu(statemen)m(t)j(is)f(a)f -(readonly)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)154 3823 y(25.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e) +(readonly)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)154 4106 y(26.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e) 34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g Fr(\014lename)k Fu(in)30 b Ft(.)g Fr(\014lename)36 b Fu(is)31 b(not)f(found.)154 -3961 y(26.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)41 b(shells)d(exit)h(if)f(a)g +4238 y(27.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)41 b(shells)d(exit)h(if)f(a)g (syn)m(tax)g(error)g(in)f(an)h(arithmetic)h(expansion)f(results)f(in)h -(an)330 4071 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(expression.)154 -4209 y(27.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g(a)f -(parameter)h(expansion)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)154 4348 -y(28.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)27 b(shells)c(exit)i(if)e(there)h(is)f +(an)330 4348 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(expression.)154 +4481 y(28.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g(a)f +(parameter)h(expansion)g(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)154 4613 +y(29.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)27 b(shells)c(exit)i(if)e(there)h(is)f (a)h(syn)m(tax)g(error)f(in)g(a)h(script)f(read)g(with)h(the)f -Ft(.)g Fu(or)h Ft(source)330 4457 y Fu(builtins,)30 b(or)g(in)g(a)h +Ft(.)g Fu(or)h Ft(source)330 4723 y Fu(builtins,)30 b(or)g(in)g(a)h (string)g(pro)s(cessed)e(b)m(y)i(the)f Ft(eval)f Fu(builtin.)154 -4596 y(29.)61 b(Pro)s(cess)30 b(substitution)g(is)h(not)f(a)m(v)-5 -b(ailable.)154 4734 y(30.)61 b(While)32 b(v)-5 b(ariable)32 +4855 y(30.)61 b(Pro)s(cess)30 b(substitution)g(is)h(not)f(a)m(v)-5 +b(ailable.)154 4988 y(31.)61 b(While)32 b(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(indirection)f(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)34 b(it)d(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s (e)g(applied)g(to)g(the)h(`)p Ft(#)p Fu(')f(and)f(`)p -Ft(?)p Fu(')h(sp)s(ecial)330 4844 y(parameters.)154 4982 -y(31.)61 b(When)28 b(expanding)g(the)g(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')g(sp)s(ecial)h +Ft(?)p Fu(')h(sp)s(ecial)330 5098 y(parameters.)154 5230 +y(32.)61 b(When)28 b(expanding)g(the)g(`)p Ft(*)p Fu(')g(sp)s(ecial)h (parameter)f(in)g(a)h(pattern)f(con)m(text)i(where)e(the)g(expansion)g -(is)330 5092 y(double-quoted)i(do)s(es)g(not)h(treat)h(the)e -Ft($*)g Fu(as)h(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g(double-quoted.)154 -5230 y(32.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)23 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)e -Fm(posix)f Fu(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins)f(p)s(ersist)g(in)f(the)i(shell)f -(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 5340 y(after)31 b(the)f(builtin)g(completes.)p +(is)330 5340 y(double-quoted)i(do)s(es)g(not)h(treat)h(the)e +Ft($*)g Fu(as)h(if)f(it)h(w)m(ere)g(double-quoted.)p eop end %%Page: 100 106 TeXDict begin 100 105 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2439 b(100)154 299 y(33.)61 -b(Assignmen)m(t)35 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(shell)f(function)g -(calls)i(p)s(ersist)e(in)g(the)h(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 -408 y(after)d(the)f(function)h(returns,)e(as)i(if)f(a)h +b(Assignmen)m(t)23 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)e Fm(posix)f +Fu(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins)f(p)s(ersist)g(in)f(the)i(shell)f(en)m +(vironmen)m(t)330 408 y(after)31 b(the)f(builtin)g(completes.)154 +536 y(34.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)35 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(shell)f +(function)g(calls)i(p)s(ersist)e(in)g(the)h(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t) +330 646 y(after)d(the)f(function)h(returns,)e(as)i(if)f(a)h Fm(posix)e Fu(sp)s(ecial)i(builtin)f(command)g(had)g(b)s(een)g -(executed.)154 536 y(34.)61 b(The)31 b Ft(command)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s +(executed.)154 774 y(35.)61 b(The)31 b Ft(command)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s (es)g(not)h(prev)m(en)m(t)f(builtins)g(that)h(tak)m(e)h(assignmen)m(t)f -(statemen)m(ts)h(as)f(ar-)330 646 y(gumen)m(ts)40 b(from)e(expanding)h +(statemen)m(ts)h(as)f(ar-)330 883 y(gumen)m(ts)40 b(from)e(expanding)h (them)g(as)h(assignmen)m(t)g(statemen)m(ts;)46 b(when)38 -b(not)i(in)f Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de,)330 756 y(assignmen)m(t)k(builtins) +b(not)i(in)f Fm(posix)f Fu(mo)s(de,)330 993 y(assignmen)m(t)k(builtins) e(lose)h(their)g(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(t)h(expansion)d(prop)s -(erties)g(when)g(pre-)330 865 y(ceded)31 b(b)m(y)f Ft(command)p -Fu(.)154 993 y(35.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(bg)g Fu(builtin)g(uses)g(the)h +(erties)g(when)g(pre-)330 1103 y(ceded)31 b(b)m(y)f Ft(command)p +Fu(.)154 1230 y(36.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(bg)g Fu(builtin)g(uses)g(the)h (required)f(format)h(to)g(describ)s(e)f(eac)m(h)i(job)e(placed)h(in)f -(the)h(bac)m(kground,)330 1103 y(whic)m(h)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(include)g +(the)h(bac)m(kground,)330 1340 y(whic)m(h)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(include)g (an)g(indication)h(of)f(whether)f(the)h(job)g(is)g(the)h(curren)m(t)e -(or)h(previous)g(job.)154 1230 y(36.)61 b(The)23 b(output)f(of)i(`)p +(or)h(previous)g(job.)154 1468 y(37.)61 b(The)23 b(output)f(of)i(`)p Ft(kill)29 b(-l)p Fu(')23 b(prin)m(ts)f(all)i(the)g(signal)f(names)g (on)g(a)h(single)g(line,)h(separated)e(b)m(y)g(spaces,)330 -1340 y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154 -1468 y(37.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(kill)f Fu(builtin)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept) +1577 y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154 +1705 y(38.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(kill)f Fu(builtin)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept) h(signal)f(names)f(with)g(a)h(`)p Ft(SIG)p Fu(')f(pre\014x.)154 -1596 y(38.)61 b(The)38 b Ft(export)f Fu(and)g Ft(readonly)f +1833 y(39.)61 b(The)38 b Ft(export)f Fu(and)g Ft(readonly)f Fu(builtin)i(commands)g(displa)m(y)h(their)f(output)g(in)g(the)h -(format)g(re-)330 1705 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)p -Fu(.)154 1833 y(39.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(trap)f Fu(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)g +(format)g(re-)330 1943 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fm(posix)p +Fu(.)154 2071 y(40.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(trap)f Fu(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)g (signal)i(names)e(without)g(the)h(leading)g Ft(SIG)p -Fu(.)154 1961 y(40.)61 b(The)39 b Ft(trap)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g +Fu(.)154 2198 y(41.)61 b(The)39 b Ft(trap)e Fu(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g (c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)g(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(for)e(a)i(p)s(ossible)e -(signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 2071 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e +(signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 2308 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e (signal)i(handling)e(to)h(the)g(original)h(disp)s(osition)e(if)h(it)g -(is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 2180 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g +(is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 2418 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g (digits)g(and)f(is)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)38 b(If)28 b(users)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(reset)g(the)g(handler)330 -2290 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s +2527 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s (osition,)f(they)g(should)f(use)h(`)p Ft(-)p Fu(')g(as)g(the)g(\014rst) -f(argumen)m(t.)154 2418 y(41.)61 b(The)21 b Ft(.)h Fu(and)f +f(argumen)m(t.)154 2655 y(42.)61 b(The)21 b Ft(.)h Fu(and)f Ft(source)f Fu(builtins)h(do)g(not)h(searc)m(h)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f (directory)h(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330 -2527 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g -Ft(PATH)p Fu(.)154 2655 y(42.)61 b(Enabling)21 b Fm(posix)g +2765 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g +Ft(PATH)p Fu(.)154 2892 y(43.)61 b(Enabling)21 b Fm(posix)g Fu(mo)s(de)g(has)g(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)e(setting)i(the)e Ft(inherit_errexit)d Fu(option,)23 b(so)f(subshells)330 -2765 y(spa)m(wned)27 b(to)i(execute)g(command)e(substitutions)h +3002 y(spa)m(wned)27 b(to)i(execute)g(command)e(substitutions)h (inherit)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(of)g(the)g Ft(-e)f -Fu(option)h(from)g(the)330 2874 y(paren)m(t)37 b(shell.)62 +Fu(option)h(from)g(the)330 3112 y(paren)m(t)37 b(shell.)62 b(When)37 b(the)g Ft(inherit_errexit)c Fu(option)38 b(is)f(not)h -(enabled,)h(Bash)e(clears)h(the)g Ft(-e)330 2984 y Fu(option)31 -b(in)f(suc)m(h)g(subshells.)154 3112 y(43.)61 b(When)43 +(enabled,)h(Bash)e(clears)h(the)g Ft(-e)330 3221 y Fu(option)31 +b(in)f(suc)m(h)g(subshells.)154 3349 y(44.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g Ft(alias)f Fu(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i(alias)g(de\014nitions,)i (it)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(displa)m(y)h(them)f(with)g(a)330 -3221 y(leading)31 b(`)p Ft(alias)e Fu(')i(unless)f(the)g -Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(is)f(supplied.)154 3349 y(44.)61 +3459 y(leading)31 b(`)p Ft(alias)e Fu(')i(unless)f(the)g +Ft(-p)g Fu(option)h(is)f(supplied.)154 3587 y(45.)61 b(When)40 b(the)g Ft(set)f Fu(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h (without)f(options,)j(it)e(do)s(es)f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g -(function)330 3459 y(names)30 b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154 -3587 y(45.)61 b(When)36 b(the)g Ft(set)g Fu(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok) +(function)330 3696 y(names)30 b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154 +3824 y(46.)61 b(When)36 b(the)g Ft(set)g Fu(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok) m(ed)i(without)e(options,)i(it)f(displa)m(ys)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 -b(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(without)330 3696 y(quotes,)26 b(unless)d(they)i 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b(112)1110 299 y(escap)s(e)24 -b(sequences)h(is)e(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)41 b(Use)25 b(the)f(`)p +b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(112)1110 299 y(emacs)22 +b(editing)h(mo)s(de)e(is)h(activ)m(e.)40 b(The)21 b(v)-5 +b(alue)22 b(is)g(expanded)f(lik)m(e)h(a)h(k)m(ey)f(bind-)1110 +408 y(ing,)27 b(so)f(the)f(standard)g(set)h(of)f(meta-)i(and)e(con)m +(trol)i(pre\014xes)d(and)h(bac)m(kslash)1110 518 y(escap)s(e)f +(sequences)h(is)e(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)41 b(Use)25 b(the)f(`)p Ft(\\1)p Fu(')f(and)h(`)p Ft(\\2)p Fu(')g(escap)s(es)g(to)g(b)s(egin) -1110 408 y(and)37 b(end)g(sequences)h(of)f(non-prin)m(ting)h(c)m -(haracters,)j(whic)m(h)c(can)h(b)s(e)f(used)1110 518 +1110 628 y(and)37 b(end)g(sequences)h(of)f(non-prin)m(ting)h(c)m +(haracters,)j(whic)m(h)c(can)h(b)s(e)f(used)1110 737 y(to)h(em)m(b)s(ed)f(a)g(terminal)h(con)m(trol)h(sequence)f(in)m(to)g -(the)f(mo)s(de)g(string.)61 b(The)1110 628 y(default)31 -b(is)f(`)p Ft(@)p Fu('.)630 778 y Ft(enable-bracketed-paste)1110 -888 y Fu(When)24 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b(follo)m(wing)i(example)1110 408 y(sets)31 +b(The)38 b(follo)m(wing)i(example)1110 847 y(sets)31 b(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(if)f(the)h(Readline)g(v)m(ersion)f(b)s(eing)g -(used)g(is)g(7.0)i(or)e(new)m(er:)1350 543 y Ft($if)47 -b(version)f(>=)h(7.0)1350 653 y(set)g(show-mode-in-prompt)42 -b(on)1350 762 y($endif)630 922 y(application)1110 1031 +(used)g(is)g(7.0)i(or)e(new)m(er:)1350 981 y Ft($if)47 +b(version)f(>=)h(7.0)1350 1091 y(set)g(show-mode-in-prompt)42 +b(on)1350 1200 y($endif)630 1360 y(application)1110 1469 y Fu(The)21 b Fr(application)j Fu(construct)e(is)g(used)f(to)i(include) -f(application-sp)s(eci\014c)h(set-)1110 1141 y(tings.)39 +f(application-sp)s(eci\014c)h(set-)1110 1579 y(tings.)39 b(Eac)m(h)26 b(program)e(using)g(the)h(Readline)g(library)g(sets)g(the) -g Fr(application)1110 1250 y(name)p Fu(,)g(and)e(y)m(ou)g(can)h(test)g +g Fr(application)1110 1689 y(name)p Fu(,)g(and)e(y)m(ou)g(can)h(test)g (for)f(a)g(particular)h(v)-5 b(alue.)39 b(This)22 b(could)h(b)s(e)g -(used)f(to)1110 1360 y(bind)32 b(k)m(ey)h(sequences)g(to)h(functions)e +(used)f(to)1110 1798 y(bind)32 b(k)m(ey)h(sequences)g(to)h(functions)e (useful)g(for)h(a)g(sp)s(eci\014c)f(program.)48 b(F)-8 -b(or)1110 1469 y(instance,)35 b(the)e(follo)m(wing)h(command)f(adds)f -(a)i(k)m(ey)f(sequence)h(that)f(quotes)1110 1579 y(the)e(curren)m(t)f -(or)g(previous)g(w)m(ord)g(in)g(Bash:)1350 1714 y Ft($if)47 -b(Bash)1350 1823 y(#)g(Quote)g(the)g(current)f(or)h(previous)e(word) -1350 1933 y("\\C-xq":)h("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")1350 2042 y($endif)630 -2202 y(variable)96 b Fu(The)33 b Fr(v)-5 b(ariable)39 +b(or)1110 1908 y(instance,)35 b(the)e(follo)m(wing)h(command)f(adds)f +(a)i(k)m(ey)f(sequence)h(that)f(quotes)1110 2017 y(the)e(curren)m(t)f +(or)g(previous)g(w)m(ord)g(in)g(Bash:)1350 2152 y Ft($if)47 +b(Bash)1350 2262 y(#)g(Quote)g(the)g(current)f(or)h(previous)e(word) +1350 2371 y("\\C-xq":)h("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")1350 2481 y($endif)630 +2640 y(variable)96 b Fu(The)33 b Fr(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b 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b(ariables)38 b(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)1110 2859 y(tested)46 +b(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)1110 3298 y(tested)46 b(against)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alues)46 b Fr(on)f Fu(and)f Fr(o\013)p Fu(.)85 b(The)45 b(follo)m(wing)h(example)g(is)1110 -2969 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(the)f Ft(mode=emacs)e -Fu(test)j(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e:)1350 3103 y -Ft($if)47 b(editing-mode)d(==)k(emacs)1350 3213 y(set)f -(show-mode-in-prompt)42 b(on)1350 3323 y($endif)150 3482 +3407 y(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(the)f Ft(mode=emacs)e +Fu(test)j(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e:)1350 3542 y +Ft($if)47 b(editing-mode)d(==)k(emacs)1350 3651 y(set)f +(show-mode-in-prompt)42 b(on)1350 3761 y($endif)150 3920 y($endif)192 b Fu(This)29 b(command,)i(as)f(seen)h(in)f(the)g(previous) g(example,)h(terminates)g(an)g Ft($if)e Fu(command.)150 -3641 y Ft($else)240 b Fu(Commands)29 b(in)h(this)h(branc)m(h)e(of)i +4080 y Ft($else)240 b Fu(Commands)29 b(in)h(this)h(branc)m(h)e(of)i (the)f Ft($if)g Fu(directiv)m(e)i(are)f(executed)g(if)f(the)h(test)g -(fails.)150 3801 y Ft($include)96 b Fu(This)43 b(directiv)m(e)i(tak)m +(fails.)150 4239 y Ft($include)96 b Fu(This)43 b(directiv)m(e)i(tak)m (es)g(a)e(single)i(\014lename)e(as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(and)f(reads)g -(commands)630 3910 y(and)38 b(bindings)f(from)h(that)i(\014le.)65 +(commands)630 4349 y(and)38 b(bindings)f(from)h(that)i(\014le.)65 b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(example,)j(the)d(follo)m(wing)h(directiv)m(e)g(reads)e -(from)630 4020 y Ft(/etc/inputrc)p Fu(:)870 4154 y Ft($include)46 -b(/etc/inputrc)150 4354 y Fk(8.3.3)63 b(Sample)41 b(Init)g(File)150 -4501 y Fu(Here)27 b(is)f(an)h(example)g(of)f(an)h Fr(inputrc)k +(from)630 4458 y Ft(/etc/inputrc)p Fu(:)870 4593 y Ft($include)46 +b(/etc/inputrc)150 4792 y Fk(8.3.3)63 b(Sample)41 b(Init)g(File)150 +4939 y Fu(Here)27 b(is)f(an)h(example)g(of)f(an)h Fr(inputrc)k Fu(\014le.)39 b(This)26 b(illustrates)h(k)m(ey)h(binding,)e(v)-5 -b(ariable)27 b(assignmen)m(t,)i(and)150 4610 y(conditional)j(syn)m +b(ariable)27 b(assignmen)m(t,)i(and)150 5049 y(conditional)j(syn)m (tax.)p eop end %%Page: 119 125 TeXDict begin 119 124 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 @@ -16997,25 +17070,25 @@ b(b)m(y)f(some)h(terminals,)i(and)d(suc)m(h)g(a)h(binding)e(is)i (single)g(unit)f(without)h(treating)h(eac)m(h)f(c)m(har-)630 2271 y(acter)40 b(as)f(if)g(it)g(had)f(b)s(een)g(read)h(from)f(the)h(k) m(eyb)s(oard.)66 b(The)39 b(c)m(haracters)h(are)f(inserted)630 -2381 y(as)i(if)g(eac)m(h)i(one)e(w)m(as)h(b)s(ound)d(to)i -Ft(self-insert)p Fu(\))e(instead)i(of)h(executing)g(an)m(y)f(editing) -630 2491 y(commands.)150 2655 y Ft(transpose-chars)26 -b(\(C-t\))630 2765 y Fu(Drag)33 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(efore)f(the) -g(cursor)f(forw)m(ard)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(at)e(the)g -(cursor,)630 2874 y(mo)m(ving)k(the)g(cursor)f(forw)m(ard)g(as)g(w)m -(ell.)57 b(If)35 b(the)h(insertion)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(is)g(at)i(the)e(end) -g(of)h(the)630 2984 y(line,)24 b(then)e(this)g(transp)s(oses)f(the)h -(last)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(c)m(haracters)g(of)f(the)h(line.)38 -b(Negativ)m(e)25 b(argumen)m(ts)630 3093 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 -b(no)e(e\013ect.)150 3258 y Ft(transpose-words)c(\(M-t\))630 -3367 y Fu(Drag)33 b(the)g(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(past)g -(the)h(w)m(ord)f(after)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(mo)m(ving)f(p)s(oin)m(t)f(past) -g(that)630 3477 y(w)m(ord)c(as)h(w)m(ell.)41 b(If)27 -b(the)i(insertion)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is)f(at)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f -(line,)i(this)e(transp)s(oses)g(the)630 3587 y(last)j(t)m(w)m(o)h(w)m -(ords)e(on)g(the)h(line.)150 3751 y Ft(upcase-word)c(\(M-u\))630 -3861 y Fu(Upp)s(ercase)32 b(the)g(curren)m(t)g(\(or)g(follo)m(wing\))i -(w)m(ord.)45 b(With)32 b(a)g(negativ)m(e)j(argumen)m(t,)e(upp)s(er-)630 +2381 y(as)44 b(if)g(eac)m(h)i(one)e(w)m(as)g(b)s(ound)e(to)j +Ft(self-insert)c Fu(instead)j(of)h(executing)g(an)m(y)f(editing)630 +2491 y(commands.)150 2655 y Ft(transpose-chars)26 b(\(C-t\))630 +2765 y Fu(Drag)33 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g(cursor)f +(forw)m(ard)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(at)e(the)g(cursor,)630 +2874 y(mo)m(ving)k(the)g(cursor)f(forw)m(ard)g(as)g(w)m(ell.)57 +b(If)35 b(the)h(insertion)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(is)g(at)i(the)e(end)g(of)h +(the)630 2984 y(line,)24 b(then)e(this)g(transp)s(oses)f(the)h(last)h +(t)m(w)m(o)g(c)m(haracters)g(of)f(the)h(line.)38 b(Negativ)m(e)25 +b(argumen)m(ts)630 3093 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b(no)e(e\013ect.)150 +3258 y Ft(transpose-words)c(\(M-t\))630 3367 y Fu(Drag)33 +b(the)g(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(past)g(the)h(w)m(ord)f +(after)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(mo)m(ving)f(p)s(oin)m(t)f(past)g(that)630 +3477 y(w)m(ord)c(as)h(w)m(ell.)41 b(If)27 b(the)i(insertion)f(p)s(oin)m +(t)h(is)f(at)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f(line,)i(this)e(transp)s(oses)g +(the)630 3587 y(last)j(t)m(w)m(o)h(w)m(ords)e(on)g(the)h(line.)150 +3751 y Ft(upcase-word)c(\(M-u\))630 3861 y Fu(Upp)s(ercase)32 +b(the)g(curren)m(t)g(\(or)g(follo)m(wing\))i(w)m(ord.)45 +b(With)32 b(a)g(negativ)m(e)j(argumen)m(t,)e(upp)s(er-)630 3970 y(case)e(the)g(previous)f(w)m(ord,)g(but)g(do)g(not)h(mo)m(v)m(e)h (the)e(cursor.)150 4134 y Ft(downcase-word)d(\(M-l\))630 4244 y Fu(Lo)m(w)m(ercase)c(the)f(curren)m(t)f(\(or)h(follo)m(wing\))i @@ -17237,7 +17310,7 @@ b(\(M-{\))630 793 y Fu(P)m(erform)f(\014lename)f(completion)i(and)f (insert)f(the)h(list)g(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions)i(enclosed)630 902 y(within)34 b(braces)h(so)f(the)h(list)g(is)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)37 b(to)e(the)g(shell)g(\(see)g(Section)h(3.5.1)g([Brace)g -(Ex-)630 1012 y(pansion],)30 b(page)h(22\).)150 1217 +(Ex-)630 1012 y(pansion],)30 b(page)h(23\).)150 1217 y Fk(8.4.7)63 b(Keyb)s(oard)41 b(Macros)150 1392 y Ft(start-kbd-macro) 26 b(\(C-x)j(\(\))630 1501 y Fu(Begin)i(sa)m(ving)h(the)e(c)m (haracters)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(in)m(to)h(the)g(curren)m(t)f(k)m(eyb)s(oard) @@ -17658,347 +17731,368 @@ Fr(w)m(ord)j Fu(will)630 3586 y(b)s(e)d(displa)m(y)m(ed.)630 m(v)-5 b(alid)25 b(option)g(is)g(supplied,)f(or)h(no)g(matc)m(hes)g(w)m (ere)630 3828 y(generated.)150 3981 y Ft(complete)870 4113 y(complete)46 b([-abcdefgjksuv])d([-o)k Fj(comp-option)p -Ft(])e([-DE])h([-A)h Fj(action)p Ft(])f([-)870 4222 y(G)h -Fj(globpat)p Ft(])f([-W)h Fj(wordlist)p Ft(])870 4332 -y([-F)g Fj(function)p Ft(])e([-C)i Fj(command)p Ft(])f([-X)h -Fj(filterpat)p Ft(])870 4441 y([-P)g Fj(prefix)p Ft(])f([-S)h -Fj(suffix)p Ft(])e Fj(name)i Ft([)p Fj(name)f Ft(...])870 -4551 y(complete)g(-pr)g([-DE])h([)p Fj(name)f Ft(...)o(])630 -4682 y Fu(Sp)s(ecify)37 b(ho)m(w)h(argumen)m(ts)f(to)i(eac)m(h)g -Fr(name)j Fu(should)37 b(b)s(e)g(completed.)63 b(If)38 -b(the)f Ft(-p)g Fu(option)630 4792 y(is)30 b(supplied,)e(or)i(if)g(no)f -(options)h(are)g(supplied,)f(existing)h(completion)h(sp)s +Ft(])e([-DEI])h([-A)h Fj(action)p Ft(])e([-)870 4222 +y(G)i Fj(globpat)p Ft(])870 4332 y([-W)g Fj(wordlist)p +Ft(])e([-F)i Fj(function)p Ft(])e([-C)i Fj(command)p +Ft(])f([-X)h Fj(filterpat)p Ft(])870 4441 y([-P)g Fj(prefix)p +Ft(])f([-S)h Fj(suffix)p Ft(])e Fj(name)i Ft([)p Fj(name)f +Ft(...])870 4551 y(complete)g(-pr)g([-DEI])h([)p Fj(name)f +Ft(...)o(])630 4682 y Fu(Sp)s(ecify)37 b(ho)m(w)h(argumen)m(ts)f(to)i +(eac)m(h)g Fr(name)j Fu(should)37 b(b)s(e)g(completed.)63 +b(If)38 b(the)f Ft(-p)g Fu(option)630 4792 y(is)30 b(supplied,)e(or)i +(if)g(no)f(options)h(are)g(supplied,)f(existing)h(completion)h(sp)s (eci\014cations)g(are)630 4902 y(prin)m(ted)24 b(in)h(a)g(w)m(a)m(y)g (that)h(allo)m(ws)g(them)e(to)i(b)s(e)e(reused)f(as)i(input.)38 b(The)24 b Ft(-r)g Fu(option)i(remo)m(v)m(es)630 5011 y(a)i(completion)h(sp)s(eci\014cation)f(for)g(eac)m(h)h Fr(name)p Fu(,)f(or,)h(if)e(no)h Fr(name)5 b Fu(s)27 -b(are)h(supplied,)g(all)g(com-)630 5121 y(pletion)k(sp)s -(eci\014cations.)44 b(The)30 b Ft(-D)h Fu(option)h(indicates)g(that)f -(the)h(remaining)f(options)h(and)630 5230 y(actions)27 -b(should)e(apply)g(to)i(the)f(\\default")h(command)e(completion;)k -(that)e(is,)g(completion)630 5340 y(attempted)g(on)f(a)h(command)f(for) -g(whic)m(h)g(no)g(completion)i(has)d(previously)h(b)s(een)g(de\014ned.) -p eop end +b(are)h(supplied,)g(all)g(com-)630 5121 y(pletion)i(sp)s +(eci\014cations.)42 b(The)29 b Ft(-D)g Fu(option)h(indicates)h(that)f +(other)g(supplied)e(options)j(and)630 5230 y(actions)c(should)e(apply)g +(to)i(the)f(\\default")h(command)e(completion;)k(that)e(is,)g +(completion)630 5340 y(attempted)g(on)f(a)h(command)f(for)g(whic)m(h)g +(no)g(completion)i(has)d(previously)h(b)s(een)g(de\014ned.)p +eop end %%Page: 134 140 TeXDict begin 134 139 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(134)630 299 y(The)25 -b Ft(-E)g Fu(option)h(indicates)h(that)f(the)g(remaining)g(options)g -(and)f(actions)i(should)e(apply)g(to)630 408 y(\\empt)m(y")32 -b(command)e(completion;)i(that)f(is,)f(completion)i(attempted)f(on)g(a) -f(blank)g(line.)630 542 y(The)f(pro)s(cess)g(of)h(applying)g(these)g 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y(delimiter)41 b(suc)m(h)g(as)f(`)p Ft(;)p Fu(')h(or)g(`)p +Ft(|)p Fu(',)i(whic)m(h)e(is)f(usually)h(command)f(name)h(completion.) +72 b(If)630 847 y(m)m(ultiple)26 b(options)g(are)g(supplied,)g(the)f +Ft(-D)g Fu(option)h(tak)m(es)i(precedence)e(o)m(v)m(er)g +Ft(-E)p Fu(,)h(and)e(b)s(oth)630 956 y(tak)m(e)34 b(precedence)f(o)m(v) +m(er)h Ft(-I)p Fu(.)47 b(If)32 b(an)m(y)h(of)g Ft(-D)p +Fu(,)g Ft(-E)p Fu(,)f(or)h Ft(-I)f Fu(are)h(supplied,)f(an)m(y)h(other) +g Fr(name)630 1066 y Fu(argumen)m(ts)k(are)g(ignored;)j(these)d +(completions)h(only)e(apply)g(to)i(the)f(case)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y) +630 1176 y(the)31 b(option.)630 1313 y(The)e(pro)s(cess)g(of)h +(applying)g(these)g(completion)g(sp)s(eci\014cations)h(when)d(w)m(ord)i +(completion)630 1422 y(is)35 b(attempted)h(is)f(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m +(v)m(e)j(\(see)f(Section)g(8.6)g([Programmable)g(Completion],)630 +1532 y(page)31 b(131\).)630 1669 y(Other)d(options,)i(if)f(sp)s +(eci\014ed,)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(meanings.)40 +b(The)29 b(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h(the)630 1778 y Ft(-G)p Fu(,)41 b Ft(-W)p Fu(,)h(and)c Ft(-X)h Fu(options)h(\(and,)h(if)f (necessary)-8 b(,)42 b(the)e Ft(-P)f Fu(and)f Ft(-S)h -Fu(options\))h(should)f(b)s(e)630 1113 y(quoted)28 b(to)h(protect)g +Fu(options\))h(should)f(b)s(e)630 1888 y(quoted)28 b(to)h(protect)g (them)f(from)f(expansion)h(b)s(efore)g(the)g Ft(complete)e -Fu(builtin)h(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)630 1270 y Ft(-o)i -Fj(comp-option)1110 1379 y Fu(The)c Fr(comp-option)i +Fu(builtin)h(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)630 2052 y Ft(-o)i +Fj(comp-option)1110 2162 y Fu(The)c Fr(comp-option)i Fu(con)m(trols)g(sev)m(eral)h(asp)s(ects)e(of)g(the)g(compsp)s(ec's)g -(b)s(eha)m(v-)1110 1489 y(ior)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)f(the)g(simple)h +(b)s(eha)m(v-)1110 2271 y(ior)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)f(the)g(simple)h (generation)h(of)e(completions.)41 b Fr(comp-option)27 -b Fu(ma)m(y)1110 1598 y(b)s(e)j(one)g(of:)1110 1755 y -Ft(bashdefault)1590 1864 y 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(directory)f(name)g(completion)i(is)d(attempted)i(and)f(an)m(y)1590 -4495 y(matc)m(hes)j(are)e(added)g(to)h(the)g(results)f(of)g(the)h -(other)g(actions.)630 4651 y Ft(-A)f Fj(action)66 b Fu(The)25 -b Fr(action)h Fu(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(one)h(of)h(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(to)e -(generate)i(a)e(list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)1110 4761 y(completions:)1110 -4917 y Ft(alias)240 b Fu(Alias)31 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)31 -b(also)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i Ft(-a)p Fu(.)1110 -5074 y Ft(arrayvar)96 b Fu(Arra)m(y)31 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 -b(names.)1110 5230 y Ft(binding)144 b Fu(Readline)30 -b(k)m(ey)f(binding)f(names)h(\(see)h(Section)f(8.4)h([Bindable)1590 -5340 y(Readline)h(Commands],)f(page)h(121\).)p eop end +5340 y(matc)m(hes)j(are)e(added)g(to)h(the)g(results)f(of)g(the)h +(other)g(actions.)p eop end %%Page: 135 141 TeXDict begin 135 140 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(8:)41 -b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(135)1110 299 y Ft(builtin)144 -b Fu(Names)21 b(of)g(shell)f(builtin)h(commands.)37 b(Ma)m(y)21 -b(also)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)1590 408 y(as)31 b Ft(-b)p -Fu(.)1110 581 y Ft(command)144 b Fu(Command)29 b(names.)41 -b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i Ft(-c)p -Fu(.)1110 753 y Ft(directory)1590 862 y Fu(Directory)h(names.)40 -b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)g Ft(-d)p -Fu(.)1110 1035 y Ft(disabled)96 b Fu(Names)31 b(of)g(disabled)f(shell)g -(builtins.)1110 1207 y Ft(enabled)144 b Fu(Names)31 b(of)g(enabled)f -(shell)g(builtins.)1110 1379 y Ft(export)192 b Fu(Names)34 -b(of)f(exp)s(orted)f(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariables.)49 b(Ma)m(y)35 -b(also)e(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci-)1590 1489 y(\014ed)d(as)g -Ft(-e)p Fu(.)1110 1661 y Ft(file)288 b Fu(File)32 b(names.)40 -b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i Ft(-f)p -Fu(.)1110 1833 y Ft(function)96 b Fu(Names)31 b(of)g(shell)f -(functions.)1110 2005 y Ft(group)240 b Fu(Group)30 b(names.)40 -b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)g Ft(-g)p -Fu(.)1110 2178 y Ft(helptopic)1590 2287 y Fu(Help)37 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y(k="${#COMPREPLY[@]}")963 +2271 y(for)j(j)g(in)g($\()g(compgen)f(-d)h(--)h("$i/$cur")d(\);)i(do) +1154 2381 y(COMPREPLY[k++]=${j#$i/})375 b(#)48 b(cut)f(off)f(directory) +963 2491 y(done)772 2600 y(done)772 2710 y($_skipdot)f(||)i (COMPREPLY+=\()e($\(compgen)g(-d)i(--)g("$cur"\))f(\))772 -1833 y(IFS=$')g(\\t\\n')581 1943 y(fi)581 2162 y(#)h(variable)f(names)g +2819 y(IFS=$')g(\\t\\n')581 2929 y(fi)581 3148 y(#)h(variable)f(names)g (if)h(appropriate)e(shell)i(option)f(set)h(and)f(no)i(completions)581 -2271 y(if)f(shopt)f(-q)i(cdable_vars)c(&&)k([[)f(${#COMPREPLY[@]})c -(-eq)k(0)g(]];)g(then)772 2381 y(COMPREPLY=\()e($\(compgen)g(-v)i(--)g -("$cur"\))f(\))581 2491 y(fi)581 2710 y(return)g(0)390 -2819 y(})275 2973 y Fu(W)-8 b(e)31 b(install)g(the)g(completion)h +3258 y(if)f(shopt)f(-q)i(cdable_vars)c(&&)k([[)f(${#COMPREPLY[@]})c +(-eq)k(0)g(]];)g(then)772 3367 y(COMPREPLY=\()e($\(compgen)g(-v)i(--)g +("$cur"\))f(\))581 3477 y(fi)581 3696 y(return)g(0)390 +3806 y(})275 3952 y Fu(W)-8 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b(expansions)g(are)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(b)m +(y)h(the)g(app)s(earance)g(of)g(the)g(history)f(expansion)h(c)m +(haracter,)150 4655 y(whic)m(h)30 b(is)h(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')f(b)m(y)g +(default.)275 4792 y(History)c(expansion)g(implemen)m(ts)h(shell-lik)m +(e)h(quoting)f(con)m(v)m(en)m(tions:)40 b(a)27 b(bac)m(kslash)g(can)f +(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)150 4902 y(remo)m(v)m(e)h(the)e(sp)s(ecial)g +(handling)g(for)g(the)g(next)g(c)m(haracter;)k(single)d(quotes)g +(enclose)g(v)m(erbatim)g(sequences)150 5011 y(of)k(c)m(haracters,)i +(and)e(can)g(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)i(inhibit)f(history)g(expansion;)g(and)g +(c)m(haracters)i(enclosed)e(within)150 5121 y(double)h(quotes)i(ma)m(y) +f(b)s(e)f(sub)5 b(ject)31 b(to)h(history)f(expansion,)g(since)g(bac)m +(kslash)g(can)h(escap)s(e)f(the)g(history)150 5230 y(expansion)e(c)m +(haracter,)j(but)d(single)h(quotes)g(ma)m(y)h(not,)f(since)g(they)g +(are)g(not)f(treated)i(sp)s(ecially)f(within)150 5340 +y(double)g(quotes.)p eop end %%Page: 143 149 TeXDict begin 143 148 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b(\014lename)h(expansion)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i(expression)f(co) s(de)f(uses)g(`)p Ft(!)p Fu(')h(and)f(`)p Ft(^)p Fu(')h(to)g(negate)h (the)f(set)g(of)330 408 y(c)m(haracters)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)f @@ -19134,11 +19245,11 @@ Ft(!)p Fu('.)225 536 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)38 b(implemen)m(ts)g(the)g (erators,)i(including)d Fr(c)m(har-)330 646 y(acter)i(classes)p Fu(,)j Fr(equiv)-5 b(alence)39 b(classes)p Fu(,)j(and)37 b Fr(collating)k(sym)m(b)s(ols)g Fu(\(see)e(Section)g(3.5.8)h -([Filename)330 756 y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(31\).)225 +([Filename)330 756 y(Expansion],)30 b(page)h(32\).)225 883 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)35 b(implemen)m(ts)g(extended)g(pattern)g (matc)m(hing)h(features)f(when)f(the)h Ft(extglob)d Fu(shell)j(option) 330 993 y(is)30 b(enabled)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)f -(Matc)m(hing],)g(page)f(32\).)225 1121 y Fq(\017)60 b +(Matc)m(hing],)g(page)f(33\).)225 1121 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(It)22 b(is)g(p)s(ossible)g(to)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(a)f(v)-5 b(ariable)23 b(and)f(a)g(function)g(with)g(the)g(same)g(name;)j Ft(sh)d Fu(do)s(es)g(not)g(separate)330 1230 y(the)31 @@ -19151,20 +19262,20 @@ Fu(builtin,)i(and)e(th)m(us)330 1468 y(useful)i(recursiv)m(e)g b(ariable)25 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)e(commands)h(a\013ect)h(only) f(that)g(command,)h(ev)m(en)f(builtins)g(and)330 1705 y(functions)36 b(\(see)h(Section)g(3.7.4)h([En)m(vironmen)m(t],)h(page) -e(39\).)60 b(In)35 b Ft(sh)p Fu(,)j(all)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 +e(40\).)60 b(In)35 b Ft(sh)p Fu(,)j(all)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(assignmen)m(ts)330 1815 y(preceding)30 b(commands)g(are)h(global)h (unless)d(the)i(command)f(is)h(executed)g(from)f(the)g(\014le)h (system.)225 1943 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)44 b(p)s(erforms)e(\014lename) i(expansion)f(on)h(\014lenames)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)h(op)s(erands)e (to)j(input)e(and)330 2052 y(output)30 b(redirection)h(op)s(erators)g -(\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)h([Redirections],)g(page)f(33\).)225 +(\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)h([Redirections],)g(page)f(34\).)225 2180 y Fq(\017)60 b 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b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)24 b Fb(102)2025 769 y(functions,)i(shell)9 b @@ -21233,7 +21346,7 @@ b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32 b Fb(109)2025 2102 y(installation)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)34 b Fb(145)2025 2191 y(in)n(teraction,)26 b(readline)7 +g(:)34 b Fb(146)2025 2191 y(in)n(teraction,)26 b(readline)7 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22 b Fb(106)2025 2280 y(in)n(teractiv)n(e)k(shell)20 b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g @@ -21263,13 +21376,13 @@ h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(86)2021 4100 y Fs(M)2025 4221 y Fb(matc)n(hing,)26 b(pattern)9 b Fc(:)k(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)24 -b Fb(32)2025 4308 y(metac)n(haracter)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g +b Fb(33)2025 4308 y(metac)n(haracter)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)22 b Fb(3)p eop end -%%Page: 176 182 -TeXDict begin 176 181 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 -b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(176)146 294 y Fs(N)150 410 y Fb(name)19 +%%Page: 177 183 +TeXDict begin 177 182 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29 +b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(177)146 294 y Fs(N)150 410 y Fb(name)19 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(3)150 497 @@ -21289,15 +21402,15 @@ b Fb(24)150 1388 y(parameters)c Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)37 b Fb(19)150 1475 y(parameters,)27 b(p)r(ositional)7 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)21 b Fb(20)150 1562 y(parameters,)27 b(sp)r(ecial)7 +f(:)g(:)21 b Fb(21)150 1562 y(parameters,)27 b(sp)r(ecial)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)21 b Fb(21)150 1649 y(pathname)k(expansion)18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)32 b Fb(31)150 1736 y(pattern)25 b(matc)n(hing)c +h(:)f(:)g(:)32 b Fb(32)150 1736 y(pattern)25 b(matc)n(hing)c Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)34 -b Fb(32)150 1824 y(pip)r(eline)12 b Fc(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g +b Fb(33)150 1824 y(pip)r(eline)12 b Fc(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(8)150 1911 y(POSIX)22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g @@ -21313,7 +21426,7 @@ g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)30 b Fb(3)150 2172 y(pro)r(cess)d (:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)26 b Fb(3)150 2259 y(pro)r(cess)h(substitution)11 b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(30)150 +h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(31)150 2347 y(programmable)i(completion)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23 b Fb(131)150 2434 y(prompting)17 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g @@ -21330,7 +21443,7 @@ b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(105)150 3325 y(redirection)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(33)150 3412 y(reserv)n(ed)f(w)n +g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(34)150 3412 y(reserv)n(ed)f(w)n (ord)13 b Fc(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g (:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(3)150 3499 y(restricted)e(shell)14 @@ -21358,7 +21471,7 @@ b Fb(87)2025 892 y(signal)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(4)2025 984 y(signal)f(handling)6 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g (:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:) -g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(40)2025 1077 +g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(41)2025 1077 y(sp)r(ecial)27 b(builtin)16 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h (:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(4,)26 b(71)2025 1170 y(startup)f(\014les)10 diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index c97e1175..cb67c8a2 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -876,7 +876,9 @@ zero if no condition tested true. The syntax of the @code{case} command is: @example -case @var{word} in [ [(] @var{pattern} [| @var{pattern}]@dots{}) @var{command-list} ;;]@dots{} esac +case @var{word} in + [ [(] @var{pattern} [| @var{pattern}]@dots{}) @var{command-list} ;;]@dots{} +esac @end example @code{case} will selectively execute the @var{command-list} corresponding to @@ -1028,7 +1030,8 @@ to be matched as a string. An additional binary operator, @samp{=~}, is available, with the same precedence as @samp{==} and @samp{!=}. When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered -an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in @i{regex}3)). +a @sc{POSIX} extended regular expression and matched accordingly +(as in @i{regex}3)). The return value is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional @@ -1283,7 +1286,8 @@ from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line): @noindent with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas: @example -cat list | parallel "do-something1 @{@} config-@{@} ; do-something2 < @{@}" | process-output +cat list | parallel "do-something1 @{@} config-@{@} ; do-something2 < @{@}" | + process-output @end example Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which @@ -1306,13 +1310,21 @@ parallel "zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}" ::: *.gz If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in the output. For instance, the following command @example -@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel traceroute +@{ + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; +@} | parallel traceroute @end example @noindent will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Adding the @option{-k} option @example -@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel -k traceroute +@{ + echo foss.org.my ; + echo debian.org ; + echo freenetproject.org ; +@} | parallel -k traceroute @end example @noindent will ensure that the output of @code{traceroute foss.org.my} is displayed first. @@ -1663,8 +1675,16 @@ separators. @item @@ @vindex $@@ -($@@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the -expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a +($@@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. +In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each +positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double +quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. +In contexts where word splitting is not performed, +this expands to a single word +with each positional parameter separated by a space. +When the +expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is performed, +each parameter expands to a separate word. That is, @code{"$@@"} is equivalent to @code{"$1" "$2" @dots{}}. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of @@ -1926,6 +1946,12 @@ The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs +@var{N}} The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs -@var{N}} @end table +Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions of +variable assignments (@pxref{Shell Parameters}) +when they appear as arguments to simple commands. +Bash does not do this, except for the @var{declaration} commands listed +above, when in @sc{posix} mode. + @node Shell Parameter Expansion @subsection Shell Parameter Expansion @cindex parameter expansion @@ -1954,11 +1980,11 @@ interpreted as part of its name. If the first character of @var{parameter} is an exclamation point (!), and @var{parameter} is not a @var{nameref}, -it introduces a level of variable indirection. -Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of -@var{parameter} as the name of the variable; this variable is then -expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather -than the value of @var{parameter} itself. +it introduces a level of indirection. +Bash uses the value formed by expanding the rest of +@var{parameter} as the new @var{parameter}; this is then +expanded and that value is used in the rest of the expansion, rather +than the expansion of the original @var{parameter}. This is known as @code{indirect expansion}. The value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. @@ -4353,8 +4379,8 @@ parent. @item mapfile @btindex mapfile @example -mapfile [-d @var{delim}] [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}] - [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}] +mapfile [-d @var{delim}] [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] + [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}] @end example Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable @var{array}, @@ -4561,8 +4587,8 @@ Read input from file descriptor @var{fd}. @item readarray @btindex readarray @example -readarray [-d @var{delim}] [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] [-t] [-u @var{fd}] - [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}] +readarray [-d @var{delim}] [-n @var{count}] [-O @var{origin}] [-s @var{count}] + [-t] [-u @var{fd}] [-C @var{callback}] [-c @var{quantum}] [@var{array}] @end example Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable @var{array}, @@ -5617,7 +5643,8 @@ The shell sets @code{BASH_ARGC} only when in extended debugging mode (see @ref{The Shopt Builtin} for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt} builtin). -Setting @code{extdebug} after the shell has started to execute a script +Setting @code{extdebug} after the shell has started to execute a script, +or referencing this variable when @code{extdebug} is not set, may result in inconsistent values. @item BASH_ARGV @@ -5630,7 +5657,8 @@ The shell sets @code{BASH_ARGV} only when in extended debugging mode (see @ref{The Shopt Builtin} for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt} builtin). -Setting @code{extdebug} after the shell has started to execute a script +Setting @code{extdebug} after the shell has started to execute a script, +or referencing this variable when @code{extdebug} is not set, may result in inconsistent values. @item BASH_ARGV0 @@ -6073,6 +6101,11 @@ input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells. The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default of @file{~/.inputrc}. +@item INSIDE_EMACS +If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell +starts, it assumes that the shell is running in an Emacs shell buffer +and may disable line editing depending on the value of @env{TERM}. + @item LANG Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically selected with a variable starting with @code{LC_}. @@ -6156,7 +6189,9 @@ as if the command @code{set -o posix} @end example @noindent -had been executed. +had been executed. +When the shell enters @sc{posix} mode, it sets this variable if it was +not already set. @item PPID The process @sc{id} of the shell's parent process. This variable @@ -6330,9 +6365,12 @@ This chapter describes features unique to Bash. @section Invoking Bash @example -bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}] -bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] -c @var{string} [@var{argument} @dots{}] -bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}] +bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] + [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}] +bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] + [-O @var{shopt_option}] -c @var{string} [@var{argument} @dots{}] +bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] + [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}] @end example All of the single-character options used with the @code{set} builtin @@ -7421,7 +7459,7 @@ shell session. After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the -@code{promptvars} shell option (@pxref{Bash Builtins}). +@code{promptvars} shell option (@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}). @node The Restricted Shell @section The Restricted Shell @@ -7493,6 +7531,9 @@ The following list is what's changed when `@sc{posix} mode' is in effect: @enumerate @item +Bash ensures that the @env{POSIXLY_CORRECT} variable is set. + +@item When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search @env{$PATH} to find the new location. This is also available with @samp{shopt -s checkhash}. diff --git a/doc/builtins.0 b/doc/builtins.0 index 4614dc50..b9a67274 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.0 +++ b/doc/builtins.0 @@ -210,71 +210,78 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no matches were generated. - ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- + ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_- _p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d] [--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.] - ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...] + ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEEII] [_n_a_m_e ...] Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec- ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com- - pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the - remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default'' - command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command - for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE - option indicates that the remaining options and actions should - apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion - attempted on a blank line. - - The process of applying these completion specifications when - word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- + pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that other sup- + plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com- + mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for + which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE option + indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply + to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted + on a blank line. The --II option indicates that other supplied + options and actions should apply to completion on the inital + non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter + such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name completion. If + multiple options are supplied, the --DD option takes precedence + over --EE, and both take precedence over --II. If any of --DD, --EE, or + --II are supplied, any other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored; these + completions only apply to the case specified by the option. + + The process of applying these completion specifications when + word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm-- mmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn. - Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The - arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the - --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- + Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The + arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the + --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan- sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked. --oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n - The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- - spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- + The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp- + spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple- tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of: bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions if the compspec generates no matches. - ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if + ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates no matches. ddiirrnnaammeess - Perform directory name completion if the comp- + Perform directory name completion if the comp- spec generates no matches. ffiilleennaammeess - Tell readline that the compspec generates file- - names, so it can perform any filename-specific - processing (like adding a slash to directory - names, quoting special characters, or suppress- - ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with + Tell readline that the compspec generates file- + names, so it can perform any filename-specific + processing (like adding a slash to directory + names, quoting special characters, or suppress- + ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions. - nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words - if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the + nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words + if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the default). - nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible + nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible completions alphabetically. - nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the - default) to words completed at the end of the + nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the + default) to words completed at the end of the line. pplluussddiirrss - After any matches defined by the compspec are - generated, directory name completion is - attempted and any matches are added to the + After any matches defined by the compspec are + generated, directory name completion is + attempted and any matches are added to the results of the other actions. --AA _a_c_t_i_o_n - The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a + The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a list of possible completions: aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa. aarrrraayyvvaarr Array variable names. bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names. - bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be + bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as --bb. ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc. ddiirreeccttoorryy @@ -282,7 +289,7 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS ddiissaabblleedd Names of disabled shell builtins. eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins. - eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be + eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as --ee. ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff. ffuunnccttiioonn @@ -291,17 +298,17 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hheellppttooppiicc Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin. hhoossttnnaammee - Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by + Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable. - jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also + jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as --jj. - kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as + kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as --kk. rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active. sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss. - sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett + sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt + sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt builtin. ssiiggnnaall Signal names. ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active. @@ -310,190 +317,194 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Names of all shell variables. May also be spec- ified as --vv. --CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is used as the possible completions. --FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n - The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current - shell environment. When the function is executed, the - first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose - arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) + The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current + shell environment. When the function is executed, the + first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose + arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33) - is the word preceding the word being completed on the - current command line. When it finishes, the possible - completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- + is the word preceding the word being completed on the + current command line. When it finishes, the possible + completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE-- PPLLYY array variable. --GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t - The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to + The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to generate the possible completions. --PP _p_r_e_f_i_x - _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- + _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com- pletion after all other options have been applied. --SS _s_u_f_f_i_x _s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all other options have been applied. --WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t - The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS - special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word - is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, + The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS + special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word + is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t, in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain - shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. - The possible completions are the members of the resul- + shell metacharacters or characters in the value of IIFFSS. + The possible completions are the members of the resul- tant list which match the word being completed. --XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t - _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. + _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion. It is applied to the list of possible completions gener- - ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each - completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. - A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this + ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each + completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list. + A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed. - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, - an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- - ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu- + ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs adding a completion specification. - ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] + ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEEII] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e] Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the - _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es - are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion - options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible - values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin - described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining + _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es + are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion + options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible + values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin + described above. The --DD option indicates that other supplied options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that - is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion - has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the - remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; - that is, completion attempted on a blank line. - - The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, + is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion + has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that other + supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion; + that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The --II option + indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion + on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a com- + mand delimiter such as ;; or ||, which is usually command name + completion. + + The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no completion specification exists, or an output error occurs. ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n] Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or - sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing - loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of - enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' + sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing + loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of + enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or equal to 1. ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...] - Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are - given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will + Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are + given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used - with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, - are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it - will display the attributes and values of all variables having + with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF, + are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it + will display the attributes and values of all variables having the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other - options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the - attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option - will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option - inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function - name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option - is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number + options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the + attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option + will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option + inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function + name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option + is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number where each _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option - implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or + implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a - shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- + shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow- ing options can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or to give variables attributes: - --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). - --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss + --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss above). --ff Use function names only. --ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua- - tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when + tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when the variable is assigned a value. - --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case - characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case + --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case + characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case attribute is disabled. - --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name - reference to another variable. That other variable is - defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- - ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those - using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed - on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref + --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name + reference to another variable. That other variable is + defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign- + ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those + using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed + on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref attribute cannot be applied to array variables. --rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values by subsequent assignment statements or unset. - --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions - inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling - shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for + --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions + inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling + shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables. - --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case - characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case + --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case + characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case attribute is disabled. - --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the + --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the environment. - Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with + Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari- - able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used + able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e local, as with the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a vari- - able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is - set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment - syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not + able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is + set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment + syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0 - unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to - define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to - assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to - assign a value to an array variable without using the compound - assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a - valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- - only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn + unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to + define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to + assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to + assign a value to an array variable without using the compound + assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a + valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read- + only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with --ff. ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]] - Without options, displays the list of currently remembered - directories. The default display is on a single line with - directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to - the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes - entries from the list. The current directory is always the + Without options, displays the list of currently remembered + directories. The default display is on a single line with + directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to + the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes + entries from the list. The current directory is always the first directory in the stack. --cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries. - --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default + --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory. --pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line. - --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- + --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre- fixing each entry with its index in the stack. ++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the + --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with zero. - The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n + The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n indexes beyond the end of the directory stack. ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... | _p_i_d ... ] - Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active - jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr - option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option - is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is - marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell - receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option - means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- - _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return + Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active + jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr + option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option + is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is + marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell + receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option + means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_- + _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job. eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...] - Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. - The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is + Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline. + The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the --ee option - is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped - characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- - tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are - interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used - to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these - escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to - mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape + is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped + characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta- + tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are + interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used + to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these + escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to + mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape sequences: \\aa alert (bell) \\bb backspace @@ -506,190 +517,190 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS \\tt horizontal tab \\vv vertical tab \\\\ backslash - \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value + \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value _n_n_n (zero to three octal digits) - \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal + \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H (one or two hex digits) - \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits) \\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H - the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the + the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits) eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin + Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin - to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though - the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. - If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are + to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though + the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands. + If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH - instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. - The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from + instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''. + The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading. - The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. + The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff. If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu- - ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn - is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- - plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- - tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the - output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return - value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an + ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn + is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup- + plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica- + tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the + output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return + value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object. eevvaall [_a_r_g ...] - The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- - mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and - its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are + The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com- + mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and + its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0. eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]] - If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process - is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If + If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process + is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin- - ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what + ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what _l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with - an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e + an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can- - not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, - unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it - returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the - file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if - eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take - effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If + not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits, + unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it + returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the + file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if + eexxeecc fails. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redirections take + effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1. eexxiitt [_n] - Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, + Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates. eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ... eexxppoorrtt --pp - The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- - ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is - given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or - if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported - variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property + The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi- + ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is + given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or + if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported + variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable name is followed by =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one - of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- + of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup- plied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t] ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d] - The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t - from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes - them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate - the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an - index into the history list, where a negative number is used as - an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not + The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t + from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes + them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate + the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an + index into the history list, where a negative number is used as + an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that - ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- + ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other- wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified, it is set to the previous com- mand for editing and -16 for listing. - The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The - --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option - is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- - wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing - those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT - variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. - If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- + The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The + --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option + is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other- + wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing + those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT + variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set. + If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com- plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed. - In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance - of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as - _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', - so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with + In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance + of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is interpreted the same as + _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'', + so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command. - If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an - invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history - lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return + If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an + invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history + lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second - form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- - cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in + form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe- + cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in which case ffcc returns failure. ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c] - Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. + Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b - is used. The return value is that of the command placed into - the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled + is used. The return value is that of the command placed into + the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec- - ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started + ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started without job control. ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s] - ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- - ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- - nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is - expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it - by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not - be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss - places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing + ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame- + ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog- + nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is + expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it + by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not + be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss + places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing _n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to - 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an - option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into - the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- - cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to + 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an + option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into + the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati- + cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame- ters is to be used. - When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a - return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of + When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a + return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?. - ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more + ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead. - ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character - of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In - normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid - options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the - variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- + ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character + of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In + normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid + options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the + variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis- played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon. If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if - not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If - ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in + not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If + ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed. - If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, - a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a - diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a - colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option + If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent, + a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a + diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a + colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option character found. - ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is + ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs. hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e] Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e - is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- + is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem- bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the --pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e - is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option - causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd - option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of - each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to - which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- - ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the - hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- + is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option + causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd + option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of + each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to + which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu- + ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the + hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis- played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments - are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- - bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a + are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem- + bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied. hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] - Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n - is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching - _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control + Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n + is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching + _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures is printed. --dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n --mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like @@ -707,53 +718,53 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.] With no options, display the command history list with line num- bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of - _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- - FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for - _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- - played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between - the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is - supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, - the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the + _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE-- + FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for + _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis- + played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between + the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is + supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not, + the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries. --dd _o_f_f_s_e_t - Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t + Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater than the last history position, so negative indices count - back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 + back from the end of the history, and an index of -1 refers to the current hhiissttoorryy --dd command. --dd _s_t_a_r_t-_e_n_d - Delete the history entries between positions _s_t_a_r_t and - _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t + Delete the history entries between positions _s_t_a_r_t and + _e_n_d, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _s_t_a_r_t and _e_n_d are interpreted as described above. - --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. - These are history lines entered since the beginning of + --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file. + These are history lines entered since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the history file. - --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history - file into the current history list. These are lines - appended to the history file since the beginning of the + --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history + file into the current history list. These are lines + appended to the history file since the beginning of the current bbaasshh session. - --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to + --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to the current history list. --ww Write the current history list to the history file, over- writing the history file's contents. - --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and - display the result on the standard output. Does not - store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be + --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and + display the result on the standard output. Does not + store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be quoted to disable normal history expansion. - --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. - The last command in the history list is removed before + --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry. + The last command in the history list is removed before the _a_r_g_s are added. - If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- - tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- - tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the - history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment - character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as + If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa- + tion associated with each history entry is written to the his- + tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the + history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment + character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while - reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- + reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup- plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as an argument to --pp fails. @@ -762,210 +773,210 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol- lowing meanings: --ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information. - --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed + --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed status since the user was last notified of their status. - --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group + --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group leader. --rr Display only running jobs. --ss Display only stopped jobs. - If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about - that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is + If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about + that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied. If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in - _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and + _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status. kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ... kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s] - Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes - named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive - signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or - a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not - present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the - signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, - the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are + Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes + named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive + signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or + a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not + present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the + signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given, + the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to - --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit - status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is - equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was - successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid + --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit + status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is + equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was + successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered. lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...] Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH-- - MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett + MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise. llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ] - For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and - assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted + For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and + assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the - variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- - tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options - is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell - options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are - restored to their original values when the function returns. - With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the - standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a + variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func- + tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options + is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell + options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are + restored to their original values when the function returns. + With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the + standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used outside a - function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly + function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly variable. llooggoouutt Exit a login shell. - mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC + mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y] - Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- - able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- - plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if + Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari- + able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup- + plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty string, mmaappffiillee will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. - --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are + --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are copied. - --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default + --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default index is 0. --ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read. - --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line + --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line read. - --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- + --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan- dard input. - --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The + --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The --cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m. - --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to + --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k. - If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. + If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000. When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that - element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after + element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element is assigned. - If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear + If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear _a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it. - mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option - argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if + mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option + argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if _a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array. ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n] - Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, - removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to + Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, + removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow- ing meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing - directories from the stack, so that only the stack is + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing + directories from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd +0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second. --_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list - shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd - -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to + shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd + -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to last. - If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, - and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid + If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well, + and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis- tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change fails. pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s] - Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the - control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be - assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the + Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the + control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be + assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the standard output. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of - objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard - output, character escape sequences, which are converted and - copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each - of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of + objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard + output, character escape sequences, which are converted and + copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each + of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff interprets the following extensions: %%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee. - %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a + %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a format that can be reused as shell input. %%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT - causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting - from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). + causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting + from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3). The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the - number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument - values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and - -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no - argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had - been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff + number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument + values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and + -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no + argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had + been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff behavior. - Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- + Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con- stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and - if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value + if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of the following character. - The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- + The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_- _m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied, - the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or - null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return + the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or + null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure. ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n] ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r] - Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates - the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working - directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two - directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. + Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates + the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working + directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two + directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings: - --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating - or adding directories to the stack, so that only the + --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating + or adding directories to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated. - ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. - --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting - from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with + --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting + from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero) is at the top. _d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the - new current working directory as if it had been supplied + new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument to the ccdd builtin. If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well. - If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r - fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- - tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is - specified, or the directory change to the specified new current + If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r + fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc- + tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is + specified, or the directory change to the specified new current directory fails. ppwwdd [--LLPP] - Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. + Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command - is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may - contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error - occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an + is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may + contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error + occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an invalid option is supplied. rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...] - One line is read from the standard input, or from the file - descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split - into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the + One line is read from the standard input, or from the file + descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split + into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the second _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to - the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input - stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- - ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into + the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input + stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val- + ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character (\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char- - acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, + acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings: --aa _a_n_a_m_e The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array @@ -973,31 +984,31 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are ignored. --dd _d_e_l_i_m - The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the - input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty - string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL + The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the + input line, rather than newline. If _d_e_l_i_m is the empty + string, rreeaadd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character. --ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee - (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- - line uses the current (or default, if line editing was - not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- + (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read- + line uses the current (or default, if line editing was + not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read- line's default filename completion. --ii _t_e_x_t - If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is + If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is placed into the editing buffer before editing begins. --nn _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than + rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim- - iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the + iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the delimiter. --NN _n_c_h_a_r_s - rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless - EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- - ters encountered in the input are not treated specially - and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters - are read. The result is not split on the characters in - IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly + rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless + EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac- + ters encountered in the input are not treated specially + and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters + are read. The result is not split on the characters in + IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see the --rr option below). --pp _p_r_o_m_p_t @@ -1005,131 +1016,131 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal. --rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back- - slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- - lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line + slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu- + lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line continuation. --ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac- ters are not echoed. --tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t - Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete - line of input (or a specified number of characters) is - not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- - mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- - mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is - reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special - file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. + Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete + line of input (or a specified number of characters) is + not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci- + mal number with a fractional portion following the deci- + mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is + reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special + file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into - the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd - returns immediately, without trying to read any data. - The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- - fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- + the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd + returns immediately, without trying to read any data. + The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci- + fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta- tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded. --uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d. If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari- - able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is + able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater - than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a + than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup- plied as the argument to --uu. rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...] - The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s - may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option - is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so - marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed - arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative - arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If - no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a + The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s + may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option + is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so + marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed + arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative + arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If + no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be - used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly - names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format - that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by - =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return - status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the + used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly + names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format + that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by + =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return + status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function. rreettuurrnn [_n] - Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- - fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is - that of the last command executed in the function body. If - rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to - determine the status is the last command executed before the - trap handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the - last command used to determine the status is the last command - executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If - rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a - script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop - executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of - the last command executed within the script as the exit status - of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least - significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is - supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function - and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- - mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- + Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci- + fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is + that of the last command executed in the function body. If + rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to + determine the status is the last command executed before the + trap handler. If rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the + last command used to determine the status is the last command + executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If + rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a + script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop + executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of + the last command executed within the script as the exit status + of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least + significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is + supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function + and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com- + mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu- tion resumes after the function or script. sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...] - Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are + Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can- - not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed. - The output is sorted according to the current locale. When - options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any - arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- + not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, only shell variables are listed. + The output is sorted according to the current locale. When + options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any + arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val- ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to - $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following + $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following meanings: --aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is - given the export attribute and marked for export to the + given the export attribute and marked for export to the environment of subsequent commands. - --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- + --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi- ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is effective only when job control is enabled. - --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a - single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d + --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a + single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status. - The shell does not exit if the command that fails is - part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee - or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or - eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a - &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& + The shell does not exit if the command that fails is + part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee + or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or + eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a + &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the - command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a - compound command other than a subshell returns a non- - zero status because a command failed while --ee was being - ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if - set, is executed before the shell exits. This option + command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a + compound command other than a subshell returns a non- + zero status because a command failed while --ee was being + ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if + set, is executed before the shell exits. This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi- - ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT + ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell. - If a compound command or shell function executes in a - context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands - executed within the compound command or function body - will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set - and a command returns a failure status. If a compound - command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a - context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have - any effect until the compound command or the command + If a compound command or shell function executes in a + context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands + executed within the compound command or function body + will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set + and a command returns a failure status. If a compound + command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a + context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have + any effect until the compound command or the command containing the function call completes. --ff Disable pathname expansion. - --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up + --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution. This is enabled by default. - --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are - placed in the environment for a command, not just those + --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are + placed in the environment for a command, not just those that precede the command name. - --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is - on by default for interactive shells on systems that - support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run + --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is + on by default for interactive shells on systems that + support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run in a separate process group. When a background job com- pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta- tus. --nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used - to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is + to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by interactive shells. --oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following: @@ -1137,10 +1148,10 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS Same as --aa. bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd Same as --BB. - eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- + eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter- face. This is enabled by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started with - the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the + the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee. eerrrrttrraaccee @@ -1154,8 +1165,8 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter- active shells. iiggnnoorreeeeooff - The effect is as if the shell command - ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll + The effect is as if the shell command + ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess above). kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk. mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm. @@ -1170,384 +1181,384 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS pphhyyssiiccaall Same as --PP. ppiippeeffaaiill - If set, the return value of a pipeline is the - value of the last (rightmost) command to exit - with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands - in the pipeline exit successfully. This option + If set, the return value of a pipeline is the + value of the last (rightmost) command to exit + with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands + in the pipeline exit successfully. This option is disabled by default. - ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default - operation differs from the POSIX standard to - match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO + ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default + operation differs from the POSIX standard to + match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO below for a reference to a document that details how posix mode affects bash's behavior. pprriivviilleeggeedd Same as --pp. vveerrbboossee Same as --vv. - vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. + vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface. This also affects the editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee. xxttrraaccee Same as --xx. If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the - current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no - _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the - current option settings is displayed on the standard + current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no + _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the + current option settings is displayed on the standard output. - --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and - $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are - not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, - BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they + --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and + $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are + not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS, + BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is - started with the effective user (group) id not equal to - the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- + started with the effective user (group) id not equal to + the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup- plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id - is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- - plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. - Turning this option off causes the effective user and + is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup- + plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset. + Turning this option off causes the effective user and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids. --tt Exit after reading and executing one command. --uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe- - cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing - parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an - unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error - message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero + cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing + parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an + unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error + message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status. --vv Print shell input lines as they are read. - --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee + --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis- - play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command + play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command and its expanded arguments or associated word list. - --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn + --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above). This is on by default. - --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with - the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be + --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with + the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be overridden when creating output files by using the redi- rection operator >>|| instead of >>. --EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions, - command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- - shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- + command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub- + shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher- ited in such cases. --HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on by default when the shell is interactive. - --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when - executing commands such as ccdd that change the current + --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when + executing commands such as ccdd that change the current working directory. It uses the physical directory structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical - chain of directories when performing commands which + chain of directories when performing commands which change the current directory. - --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by - shell functions, command substitutions, and commands - executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and + --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by + shell functions, command substitutions, and commands + executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases. - ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional + ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame- - ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin + ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin with a --. - -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to + -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi- tional parameters remain unchanged. - The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + - rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The - options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of - the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The + The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using + + rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The + options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of + the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun- tered. sshhiifftt [_n] - The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ - Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are - unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to - $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, - it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional - parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than + The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........ + Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are + unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to + $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given, + it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional + parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0. sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...] - Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- - ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the + Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav- + ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the --oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list - of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of + of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set; if _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the output - is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to - be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other + is restricted to those options. The --pp option causes output to + be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options have the following meanings: --ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. --uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e. - --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status + --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi- - ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- - tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- + ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta- + tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other- wise. - --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for + --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for the --oo option to the sseett builtin. - If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt - shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. - Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) + If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt + shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively. + Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset) by default. - The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s - are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting - options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a + The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s + are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting + options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a valid shell option. The list of sshhoopptt options is: aassssoocc__eexxppaanndd__oonnccee - If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of - associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres- - sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can + If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of + associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres- + sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can perform variable assignments. - aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory - is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- + aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory + is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com- mand. This option is only used by interactive shells. ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss - If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is - not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable + If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is + not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose value is the directory to change to. ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com- - ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors + ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac- - ter, and one character too many. If a correction is - found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- - mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive + ter, and one character too many. If a correction is + found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com- + mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive shells. cchheecckkhhaasshh If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta- - ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed - command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- + ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed + command no longer exists, a normal path search is per- formed. cchheecckkjjoobbss If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running - jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs + jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a - second exit is attempted without an intervening command - (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones + second exit is attempted without an intervening command + (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped. cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee - If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external - (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the + If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each external + (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLLUUMMNNSS. - ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- - line command in the same history entry. This allows - easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is - enabled by default, but only has an effect if command + ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple- + line command in the same history entry. This allows + easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is + enabled by default, but only has an effect if command history is enabled, as described above under HHIISSTTOORRYY. ccoommppaatt3311 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 - with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional + with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional command's ==~~ operator and locale-specific string compar- - ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> - operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII + ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> + operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur- rent locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3). ccoommppaatt3322 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a - command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue - with the next command in the list after one terminates + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a + command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue + with the next command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt. ccoommppaatt4400 If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 - with respect to locale-specific string comparison when - using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators - (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- - rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later - interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- - rupt; previous versions continue with the next command + with respect to locale-specific string comparison when + using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators + (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter- + rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later + interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter- + rupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list. ccoommppaatt4411 - If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote - in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special - character. The single quotes must match (an even num- - ber) and the characters between the single quotes are - considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode - through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains + If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, treats a single quote + in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special + character. The single quotes must match (an even num- + ber) and the characters between the single quotes are + considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode + through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions. ccoommppaatt4422 - If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in - the pattern substitution word expansion using quote + If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in + the pattern substitution word expansion using quote removal. ccoommppaatt4433 - If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an - attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- - ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion - errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command - to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal + If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an + attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign- + ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion + errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command + to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset - the loop state when a shell function is executed (this - allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect + the loop state when a shell function is executed (this + allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect loops in the caller's context). ccoommppaatt4444 - If set, bbaasshh saves the positional parameters to + If set, bbaasshh saves the positional parameters to BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC before they are used, regardless of whether or not extended debugging mode is enabled. ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee - If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- - names and directory names when performing completion. + If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file- + names and directory names when performing completion. If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol- - lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted - in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear - in shell variable references in words to be completed. - This means that dollar signs in variable names that - expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any - dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, - either. This is active only when bash is using back- - slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is - set by default, which is the default bash behavior in + lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted + in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear + in shell variable references in words to be completed. + This means that dollar signs in variable names that + expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any + dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, + either. This is active only when bash is using back- + slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is + set by default, which is the default bash behavior in versions through 4.2. ddiirreexxppaanndd - If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results - of word expansion when performing filename completion. - This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- - fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the + If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results + of word expansion when performing filename completion. + This changes the contents of the readline editing buf- + fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the user typed. ddiirrssppeellll - If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory - names during word completion if the directory name ini- + If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory + names during word completion if the directory name ini- tially supplied does not exist. - ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in - the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' - and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if + ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in + the results of pathname expansion. The filenames ````..'''' + and ````....'''' must always be matched explicitly, even if ddoottgglloobb is set. eexxeeccffaaiill If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can- - not execute the file specified as an argument to the - eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not + not execute the file specified as an argument to the + eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if eexxeecc fails. eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess - If set, aliases are expanded as described above under + If set, aliases are expanded as described above under AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac- tive shells. eexxttddeebbuugg - If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the - debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to - the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav- + If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the + debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to + the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav- ior intended for use by debuggers is enabled: 11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied as an argument. - 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - non-zero value, the next command is skipped and + 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + non-zero value, the next command is skipped and not executed. - 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a - value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- - routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- - cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell + 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a + value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub- + routine (a shell function or a shell script exe- + cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell simulates a call to rreettuurrnn. - 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described + 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described in their descriptions above. - 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- + 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu- tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps. - 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, - shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( + 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution, + shell functions, and subshells invoked with (( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap. eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled. eexxttqquuoottee - If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed - within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double + If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed + within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default. ffaaiillgglloobb - If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during + If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion result in an expansion error. ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree - If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell - variable cause words to be ignored when performing word + If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell + variable cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if the ignored words are the only possi- ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a - description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by + description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by default. gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess - If set, range expressions used in pattern matching - bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave - as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- + If set, range expressions used in pattern matching + bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave + as if in the traditional C locale when performing com- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating - sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- - late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case + sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col- + late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together. gglloobbssttaarr If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con- - text will match all files and zero or more directories - and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, + text will match all files and zero or more directories + and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //, only directories and subdirectories match. ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error message format. hhiissttaappppeenndd - If set, the history list is appended to the file named - by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell + If set, the history list is appended to the file named + by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file. hhiissttrreeeeddiitt - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution. hhiissttvveerriiffyy - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- - tory substitution are not immediately passed to the - shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his- + tory substitution are not immediately passed to the + shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi- fication. hhoossttccoommpplleettee If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to - perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ - is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE + perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@ + is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE above). This is enabled by default. hhuuppoonneexxiitt If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter- active login shell exits. iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt - If set, command substitution inherits the value of the - eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell - environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is + If set, command substitution inherits the value of the + eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell + environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is enabled. iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word - and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored - in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This + and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored + in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This option is enabled by default. llaassttppiippee - If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs + If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back- ground in the current shell environment. - lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line + lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible. llooccaallvvaarr__iinnhheerriitt If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous - scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref + scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref attribute is not inherited. llooggiinn__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started as a login - shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be + The shell sets this option if it is started as a login + shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be changed. mmaaiillwwaarrnn - If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has - been accessed since the last time it was checked, the - message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- + If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has + been accessed since the last time it was checked, the + message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis- played. nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn - If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not + If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when completion is attempted on an empty line. nnooccaasseegglloobb - If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above). nnooccaasseemmaattcchh - If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive + If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or [[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi- - tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- + tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com- pletions as part of programmable completion. nnuullllgglloobb - If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see - PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, + If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see + PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string, rather than themselves. pprrooggccoommpp If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo-- @@ -1555,50 +1566,50 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS enabled by default. pprroommppttvvaarrss If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com- - mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote - removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG + mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote + removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG above. This option is enabled by default. rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll - The shell sets this option if it is started in + The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value - may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup - files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- + may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup + files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis- cover whether or not a shell is restricted. sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee - If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when + If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame- ters. ssoouurrcceeppaatthh If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to - find the directory containing the file supplied as an + find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument. This option is enabled by default. xxppgg__eecchhoo - If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape + If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default. ssuussppeenndd [--ff] - Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT + Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta- - tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- + tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup- plied, or if job control is not enabled. tteesstt _e_x_p_r [[ _e_x_p_r ]] Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu- ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op- - erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of - the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. - tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore + erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of + the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS. + tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options. - Expressions may be combined using the following operators, + Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation - depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- + depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece- dence is used when there are five or more arguments. !! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false. (( _e_x_p_r )) - Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override + Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators. _e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2 True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true. @@ -1615,120 +1626,120 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS null. 2 arguments If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and - only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- - ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed - above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is + only if the second argument is null. If the first argu- + ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed + above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is false. 3 arguments The following conditions are applied in the order listed. - If the second argument is one of the binary conditional + If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the result of the expression is the result of the binary test - using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa - and --oo operators are considered binary operators when - there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, - the value is the negation of the two-argument test using + using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa + and --oo operators are considered binary operators when + there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!, + the value is the negation of the two-argument test using the second and third arguments. If the first argument is exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result - is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- + is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other- wise, the expression is false. 4 arguments If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of - the three-argument expression composed of the remaining + the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval- - uated according to precedence using the rules listed + uated according to precedence using the rules listed above. 5 or more arguments - The expression is parsed and evaluated according to + The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence using the rules listed above. - When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- + When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico- graphically using ASCII ordering. - ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and + ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0. ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...] - The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell - receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a - single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its - original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the - shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each - _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. - If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap - commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no - arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the - list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option - causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- - responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name - defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are + The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell + receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a + single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its + original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the + shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each + _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. + If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap + commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no + arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the + list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option + causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor- + responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name + defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit - from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- - cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, - _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the - first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR - above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit + from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe- + cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command, + _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the + first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR + above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin- ishes executing. - If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a + If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list, or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to - the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the + the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the command list immediately following - a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, + a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement, part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command - following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the - last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using - !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) + following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the + last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using + !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee) option. - Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or - reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to + Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or + reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when - one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is + one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true. ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...] - With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if + With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a - string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or - _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, - builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, - then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is - returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the + string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or + _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function, + builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found, + then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is + returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci- fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not - return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, + return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e, even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar- - ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is - used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable + ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is + used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is - not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell + not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found. uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPTT [_l_i_m_i_t]] - Provides control over the resources available to the shell and - to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. + Provides control over the resources available to the shell and + to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control. The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set - for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a - non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up - to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- + for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a + non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up + to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci- fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the - current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, - respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the - soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is + current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, + respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the + soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter- preted as follows: @@ -1737,12 +1748,12 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --cc The maximum size of core files created --dd The maximum size of a process's data segment --ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice") - --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its + --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its children --ii The maximum number of pending signals --kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated --ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory - --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor + --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor this limit) --nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set) @@ -1751,53 +1762,53 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS --rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority --ss The maximum stack size --tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds - --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single + --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single user - --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the + --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell and, on some systems, to its children --xx The maximum number of file locks --PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals --TT The maximum number of threads - If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the - new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, - then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except - for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte - blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; - and, when in Posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- + If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the + new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, + then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except + for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte + blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values; + and, when in posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre- ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu- ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit. uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e] The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with - a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is - interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by - _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is - printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- - bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp + a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is + interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by + _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is + printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym- + bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode - was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, + was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied, and false otherwise. uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...] - Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is - supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value + Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is + supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias. uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...] - For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. + For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function. If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable, - and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be - unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- - tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option - is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, - _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn - has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are - supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- - able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each - unset variable or function is removed from the environment - passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- + and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be + unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func- + tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option + is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, + _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn + has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are + supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari- + able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each + unset variable or function is removed from the environment + passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN-- DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub- sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read- @@ -1805,16 +1816,16 @@ BBAASSHH BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS wwaaiitt [--ffnn] [_i_d _._._.] Wait for each specified child process and return its termination - status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if - a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are + status. Each _i_d may be a process ID or a job specification; if + a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are waited for. If _i_d is not given, all currently active child pro- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the --nn - option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and - returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job + option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and + returns its exit status. If the --ff option is supplied, and job control is enabled, wwaaiitt forces _i_d to terminate before returning - its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d - specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is - 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the + its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _i_d + specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is + 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last process or job waited for. SSEEEE AALLSSOO diff --git a/doc/builtins.ps b/doc/builtins.ps index df9ff20a..e7e6963e 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.ps +++ b/doc/builtins.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 19 09:43:23 2018 +%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 7 15:34:15 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -595,51 +595,55 @@ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 489.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 506.4 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C -F2<ad6f>-3.728 E F3(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E -F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad41>-3.728 E F3(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad47> --3.728 E F3(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad57>-3.729 E F3(wor)3.729 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad46>-3.729 E F3(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 -518.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 530.4 Q -F2<ad58>A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) -A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 -542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.634(Specify ho)144 554.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 -(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 -F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 -566.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) -144 578.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3 -(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E -F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 -(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 590.4 R(The)6.347 E -F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) -3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 602.4 R(`def)-.74 E +(complete)108 506.4 Q F0([)3.404 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.404(][)C +F2<ad6f>-3.404 E F3(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404 +E F0 3.404(][)C F2<ad41>-3.404 E F3(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2 +<ad47>-3.404 E F3(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2<ad57>-3.404 E F3(wor) +3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.405(][)C F2<ad46>-3.405 E F3(func-)3.405 E +(tion)108 518.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([) +144 530.4 Q F2<ad58>A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F3 +(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78> +-.18 E F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2 +(complete \255pr)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F3 +(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 554.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G +-.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634 +(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 +.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) +144 566.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +-.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 578.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 +(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 590.4 R(The)6.207 E +F2<ad44>3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 602.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 614.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 626.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 638.4 Q 1.437 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .876 +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 626.4 R +(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) +-3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 638.4 R(The)5.447 E +F2<ad49>2.947 E F0 .448 +(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.335 +(should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment w)144 650.4 R +1.334(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F .43(delimiter such as) +144 662.4 R F2(;)2.93 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(|)2.93 E F0 2.93(,w)C .431 +(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.93 F .431 +(If multiple options are sup-)5.431 F .708(plied, the)144 674.4 R F2 +<ad44>3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 +F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 +<ad49>3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H +(f).15 E F2<ad44>3.207 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 686.4 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) +-2.603 E F2<ad49>2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 +G(ther)-2.603 E F3(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 698.4 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -662.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 698.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 -(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 -(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) -144 710.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E -F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 722.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +722.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q (2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -647,1453 +651,1451 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144 84 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2(comp-option) -2.791 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(described abo)144 84 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H +(nder).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 108 R .855 -.15(ve t) +-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 E F0 +3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 120 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 +<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 132 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 144 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 156 Q F2(comp-option) +2.79 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291 (ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291 (vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.) -184 108 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 -120 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 132 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) +184 168 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 +180 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 192 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F -(matches.)224 144 Q F1(default)184 156 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 156 -R 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +(matches.)224 204 Q F1(default)184 216 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 216 +R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 168 Q F1(dir)184 180 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ -etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 192 Q F1(\214lenames)184 -204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 216 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E -.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 228 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 +224 228 Q F1(dir)184 240 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ +etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 252 Q F1(\214lenames)184 +264 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 276 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E +.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 288 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 240 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 252 Q F1(noquote) -184 264 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 264 S .814 +(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 300 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 312 Q F1(noquote) +184 324 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 324 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 276 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 288 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 288 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 300 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 300 S +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 336 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 348 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 348 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 360 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 360 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 312 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 324 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 324 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 372 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 384 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 384 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 336 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 348 -Q F1<ad41>144 360 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 372 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 396 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 408 +Q F1<ad41>144 420 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 432 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -384 Q F0(Alias names.)224 384 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 396 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 408 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 420 Q(Readline)224 420 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 432 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 432 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 444 -Q F0(Command names.)224 456 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 468 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 480 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 492 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 504 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -516 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 516 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -528 Q F0(Names of e)224 528 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +444 Q F0(Alias names.)224 444 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 456 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 468 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 480 Q(Readline)224 480 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 492 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 492 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 504 +Q F0(Command names.)224 516 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 528 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 540 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 552 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 564 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +576 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 576 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +588 Q F0(Names of e)224 588 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. 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May)-.1 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 108 Q +F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 120 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 120 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 132 Q +F0 -1.11(Va)224 132 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E +F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 +(shopt)184 144 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 144 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 156 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 156 Q F1(stopped)184 168 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 180 Q F0(User names.)224 180 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 192 S +(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 192 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F +(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 204 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 216 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 156 Q F1<ad46>144 168 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113 -(The shell function)184 180 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +184 228 Q F1<ad46>144 240 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 252 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 192 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 264 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 204 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 276 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 216 R .104 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) --2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 228 R -.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 240 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 252 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 -(The pathname e)184 264 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 276 Q F1<ad50>144 288 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 300 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 288 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 300 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 312 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 324 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 +(The pathname e)184 336 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 348 Q F1<ad50>144 360 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 372 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 312 Q F1<ad53>144 324 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 324 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 384 Q F1<ad53>144 396 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 396 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 336 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 348 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 -(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 -(each resultant w)184 360 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 -F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 -3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 372 Q .766 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 408 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 420 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 +(each resultant w)184 432 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) +-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 +E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 444 Q .765 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 384 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 456 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.464 F(match the w)184 396 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 408 -Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 420 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 432 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 444 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 456 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +6.465 F(match the w)184 468 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 480 +Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 492 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 504 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 516 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 528 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 472.8 R .466 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 544.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 484.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 496.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 556.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 568.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 525.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 537.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 549.6 Q F2(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +F1(compopt)108 585.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 597.6 +R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 609.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 621.6 Q F2(name) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 561.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) --5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 -(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 573.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 633.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 +(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F +1.228(the `)144 645.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 585.6 R 2.178 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 597.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.387(The return v)144 621.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 657.6 R 2.038 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 +(should apply to `)144 669.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) +-4.039 F(The)144 681.6 Q F1<ad49>3.205 E F0 .705(option indicates that \ +other supplied options should apply to completion on the inital non-) +3.205 F .868(assignment w)144 693.6 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) +-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 705.6 Q 1.387(The return v)144 729.6 +R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 633.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 650.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 662.4 R 1.754 -(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A -F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 674.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 -1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F5 10 -/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 686.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(5)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(5)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)108 84 Q(e) --.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 -2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5 -(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 -2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 -2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 108 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi) --.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 -F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of) --.25 F -.25(va)144 120 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 -.983(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)2.774 E F0 -(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66> -2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.) --2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F -(without)144 144 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(options for a)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(name)2.5 E F0(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 +112.8 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r) +.25 E F0(,)A F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r) +-4.254 E F2(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.613 E F0 +1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 124.8 R F1(n)3.709 +E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 +10/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 136.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 +(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is) +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 148.8 Q F2(declar)108 165.6 +Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E +F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2 +(typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 +<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 201.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F2 +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 213.6 Q F1(name)2.774 E +F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F2 +<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F2<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F2<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) +2.775 F(without)144 225.6 Q F1(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 (guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 (alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 156 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 -F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 E F0 -(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 168 R -.62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The) --.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F -1.29(to shell functions.)144 180 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(o\ -ption inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the function) -3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 192 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948 -(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 -(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C +(attrib)144 237.6 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F2<ad70>3.682 +E F0(,)A F2(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +249.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 +(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62 +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 +261.6 R(The)6.29 E F2<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ +of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(name and attrib)144 273.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) +5.948 F F2(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F2(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -204 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F -(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 216 Q F1<ad66> -3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391 +285.6 R F1(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 +F(The)6.69 E F2<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 297.6 Q F2 +<ad66>3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F2<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391 (option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 228 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 309.6 Q F2(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 (is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F 1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F -(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 240 R -.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 252 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 -<ad61>144 264 Q F0(Each)180 264 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 276 Q F0(Each)180 -276 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) -.15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 288 Q F0(Use function names only)180 288 Q(.)-.65 -E F1<ad69>144 300 Q F0 .557(The v)180 300 R .558 +(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 321.6 +R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 +F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 333.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E +F2<ad61>144 345.6 Q F0(Each)180 345.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 +E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2 +(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 357.6 Q +F0(Each)180 357.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 369.6 Q F0(Use function names only) +180 369.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad69>144 381.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 381.6 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 312 Q F0(abo)2.25 -E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 324 Q F0 .91 -(When the v)180 324 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 393.6 Q F0(abo) +2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) +-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 405.6 Q +F0 .91(When the v)180 405.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 348 Q -F0(Gi)180 348 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) -3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 417.6 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad6e>144 429.6 +Q F0(Gi)180 429.6 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F1(name)3.819 E F0 +(the)3.819 E F1(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.519(That other v)180 360 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F -1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 372 Q .226 -(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 -(xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F1<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 384 R -.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +1.519(That other v)180 441.6 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 +F 1.518(alue of)-.25 F F1(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 453.6 Q .226 +(ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F1(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 +(xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F2<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib) +2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 465.6 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D 3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 396 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 408 Q F0 -(Mak)180 408 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E +F(applied to array v)180 477.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad72>144 489.6 Q F0 +(Mak)180 489.6 Q(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F -2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 420 -Q F1<ad74>144 432 Q F0(Gi)180 432 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 -(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E -2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 -E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 444 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 456 -Q F0 .909(When the v)180 456 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 -(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 468 R(lo)2.5 -E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 480 Q -F0(Mark)180 480 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 +501.6 Q F2<ad74>144 513.6 Q F0(Gi)180 513.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F1(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) +2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F2(RETURN)2.929 E F0 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 525.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 +537.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 537.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 549.6 +R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad78> +144 561.6 Q F0(Mark)180 561.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 496.8 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 578.4 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 (he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 -(to destro)144 508.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) --3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 +(to destro)144 590.4 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +-3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 -(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 520.8 Q F1 -(declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 -E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 -(local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 -(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.282 -(is supplied.)144 532.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 -(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 602.4 Q F2 +(declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F2(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 +E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F1(name)2.835 E F0 .335 +(local, as with the)2.835 F F2(local)2.835 E F0 .335 +(command, unless the)2.835 F F2<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.282 +(is supplied.)144 614.4 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 +(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 3.783 (,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 -544.8 R F1<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F1<ad41>3.427 E F0 .926 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 +626.4 R F2<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F2<ad41>3.427 E F0 .926 (and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 556.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 638.4 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 568.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C +144 650.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C 2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144 -580.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 +662.4 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 592.8 R F1 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 674.4 R F2 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 604.8 S .171 +F1(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 686.4 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 616.8 R 3.46(fa) +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 698.4 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 628.8 Q -(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 645.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 657.6 S .328 -(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 669.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 681.6 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) -4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 693.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 705.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 705.6 Q -F1<ad6c>144 717.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 717.6 R .881 -(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(6)203.725 E -0 Cg EP +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 710.4 Q +(xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 84 Q F1<ad76>144 -96 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\214\ -xing each entry with its inde)180 96 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 G -(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 108 Q F1(+)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A -F0 1.565(Displays the)180 120 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dirs [\255clpv] [+) +108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1(])A +F0 -.4(Wi)144 96 S .328 +(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 108 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 120 Q +F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 132 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 144 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 144 Q F1 +<ad6c>144 156 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 156 R .881 +(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 +168 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 180 Q F0 +(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 180 Q F1<ad76> +144 192 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pr\ +e\214xing each entry with its inde)180 192 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt) +-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 204 Q F1(+)144 216 Q F2(n)A F0 1.565 +(Displays the)180 216 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 (th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 (dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 132 Q F1<ad>144 144 Q F2(n)A -F0 1.194(Displays the)180 144 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 228 Q F1<ad>144 240 Q F2(n)A +F0 1.194(Displays the)180 240 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 156 Q .258(The return v)144 -172.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 252 Q .258(The return v)144 +268.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) -.15 F(tory stack.)144 184.8 Q F1(diso)108 201.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +.15 F(tory stack.)144 280.8 Q F1(diso)108 297.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 213.6 S .121 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 309.6 S .121 (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 -F .096(neither the)144 225.6 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F .096(neither the)144 321.6 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 <ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 237.6 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 333.6 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 249.6 R -.15 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 345.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 261.6 R F1 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 357.6 R F1 <ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 (ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 273.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 369.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 302.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F1(echo)108 386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 398.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 314.4 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 +(error occurs.)144 410.4 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 -326.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +422.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) 6.348 E F1<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 434.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 (ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -350.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +446.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 -(these escape characters by def)144 362.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E +(these escape characters by def)144 458.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716 (to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 374.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 386.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 386.4 Q F1(\\b)144 398.4 Q F0 -(backspace)180 398.4 Q F1(\\c)144 410.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -410.4 Q F1(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 434.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 -434.4 Q F1(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0(form feed)180 446.4 Q F1(\\n)144 458.4 Q -F0(ne)180 458.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 470.4 Q F1(\\t)144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -482.4 Q F1(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 494.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)180 506.4 Q F1(\\0)144 518.4 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 518.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +(interprets the follo)144 470.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 482.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 482.4 Q F1(\\b)144 494.4 Q F0 +(backspace)180 494.4 Q F1(\\c)144 506.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +506.4 Q F1(\\e)144 518.4 Q(\\E)144 530.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 +530.4 Q F1(\\f)144 542.4 Q F0(form feed)180 542.4 Q F1(\\n)144 554.4 Q +F0(ne)180 554.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 566.4 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 566.4 Q F1(\\t)144 578.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +578.4 Q F1(\\v)144 590.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 590.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 602.4 Q F0(backslash)180 602.4 Q F1(\\0)144 614.4 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 614.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 530.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 530.4 Q +(\\x)144 626.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 626.4 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R 1.506 +(\\u)144 638.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 650.4 R 1.506 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 566.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R .547 +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 662.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 674.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 686.4 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 602.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 631.2 R -.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 +3.048 E(HHH)180 698.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(7)203.725 E +0 Cg EP +%%Page: 8 8 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable)108 84 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 +E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 96 R .278 +(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 643.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 655.2 R .989 +(the same name as a shell b)144 108 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 120 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 (is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 667.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(abled; otherwise,)144 132 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F -F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 679.2 R .081(uiltin v) --.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) -2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 691.2 S 1.524 +F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 144 R +.081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 156 S 1.524 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 703.2 Q F1<ad64> +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 168 Q F1<ad64> 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 715.2 R F1<ad70> +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 180 R F1<ad70> 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +192 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 -E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 8 8 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 -(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 84 R 1.916 +(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 204 R 1.916 (uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The) -.2 F .378(return v)2.878 F(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 108 R F2 -(name)3.854 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994 -(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995 -(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 120 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 -136.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 -Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(enabled. If)144 216 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 228 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 240 +Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 256.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(The)144 268.8 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 (re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 -(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 280.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 292.8 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 -(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(exec)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 321.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 213.6 R .176 +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 333.6 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 345.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 -.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .638 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 357.6 Q F0 .638 (to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 369.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.15 F(non-interacti)144 381.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 393.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 285.6 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 405.6 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 (is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) -2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 297.6 Q +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 417.6 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .096(xit with a status of) +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 434.4 R .096(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 367.2 R -F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F -.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.627 E F1 -<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) -.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) -5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 -(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 391.2 Q F0 .048 -(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) --.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0 -.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S 1.447 -(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 446.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 +E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E +F1(export)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name) +-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 475.2 Q +F0 .256(The supplied)144 487.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 +F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 499.2 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 +(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> +144 511.2 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F +.048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 +<ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 523.2 S +1.447(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 415.2 S .741(lue of the v) +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 535.2 S .741(lue of the v) .25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 547.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 (is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 439.2 Q F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 559.2 Q F1(fc)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +588 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 480 R F2<8c72> +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 600 R F2<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 504 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F +144 624 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19(is used as an of) -144 516 R .19(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E +144 636 R .19(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779 E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F -(-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10 -/Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948 -(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E -F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 540 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E -F0(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q +(-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 648 R F4 .948 +(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) +3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +144 660 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 +(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 684 Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 696 R .438(If the)5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 +.335(the editor gi)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 (ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) .1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F (If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 600 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 --.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F -F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 -(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 612 R .951 -(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 -(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F --.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 648 R F2 -(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 660 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> -2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 -2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 672 Q F4 7.165(rc) -3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) -3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 684 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 708 -R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 -(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 720 R -.454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(8) -203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(n,).15 E 1.668(the v)144 720 R 1.668(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)4.168 +E F0 -.25(va)3.918 G 1.668(riable is used, and the v).25 F 1.669 +(alue of)-.25 F F3(EDIT)4.169 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)3.919 E F3(FCEDIT)4.169 +E F0 1.669(is not set.)3.919 F(If)6.669 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(8)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .788(last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.788(cuted or f).15 F .787 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .187(neither v)144 84 R .187 +(ariable is set,)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(vi)4.353 E F0 .187 +(is used.)4.353 F .187 +(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.187 F +-.15(exe)144 96 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 120 R F1 +(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F1<8c72> +2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .171 +(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E +(typing)144 144 Q F2 7.165(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165 +(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 +E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F2(r)3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F(mand.)144 156 Q .142 +(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 180 R .142 +(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 192 R +.454(If the)5.454 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 108 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E -F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413 -(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 -(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 -(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 148.8 Q -3.116(sn)-.55 G .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job) --.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 160.8 Q +216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 228 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E +(ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) +144 256.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 +(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 +(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 268.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 280.8 Q .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 172.8 Q +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 292.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -F2(getopts)108 189.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) --.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 201.6 Q F0 .793 +F3(getopts)108 309.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) +-.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 321.6 Q F0 .793 (is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 333.6 R .149 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 225.6 Q .578 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 345.6 Q .578 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 237.6 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 357.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 +(option in the shell v)144 369.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 (if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G -3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 261.6 Q .085 -(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 381.6 Q .085 +(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F4 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND) 4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 -(or a shell script is in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 +(or a shell script is in)144 393.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 (getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 285.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(into the v)144 405.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 (automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 297.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 417.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 309.6 -Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 333.6 R F2(getopts) +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 429.6 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 453.6 R F3(getopts) 4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 345.6 Q F0 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 465.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.392 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 489.6 Q F0 2.392 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 -381.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 1.166 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 +501.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 525.6 Q F0 1.166 (can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F 1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 (is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 -(reporting is used.)144 417.6 R 1.071 +(reporting is used.)144 537.6 R 1.071 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 -429.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F -(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 -(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 441.6 Q +549.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 561.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E -F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 465.6 R --.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 585.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 (places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 (and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 -477.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E -F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +597.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 (OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 489.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 -513.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742 -(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 525.6 -Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F2 -(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E -F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 537.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 -(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 -(getopts)144 561.6 Q F0 .902 +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 609.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +633.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 645.6 +Q F0(,).18 E F4(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F3 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F3(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 657.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F4 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3 +(getopts)144 681.6 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 573.6 Q F2(hash)108 -590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A -.858(Each time)144 602.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) -3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 614.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 -.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 626.4 -R F2<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 -(of the command.)144 638.4 R(The)6.711 E F2<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F2<ad64>4.212 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 650.4 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F2<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 662.4 R F1(name) -3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F -F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -674.4 R F2<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 -<ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 -(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -686.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 698.4 Q F2<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F -.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 710.4 Q F1(name)2.86 -E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(help)108 84 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0 -(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867 -(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867 -(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -108 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(hash)108 84 Q F0([) +2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E/F2 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F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 249.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 -(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 261.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 256.8 Q F1 +<ad64>144 268.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 268.8 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 280.8 Q F0(Display the description of each) +180 280.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G +(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 292.8 Q F0 +(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 292.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 +E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 309.6 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 326.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 338.4 Q(history \255d)108 350.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 362.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 374.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 386.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 398.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 -273.6 S .752 +410.4 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 285.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 422.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 297.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 434.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 (strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 309.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 446.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 321.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 458.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 333.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +(not, the v)144 470.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) 2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 345.6 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 345.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 357.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 369.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 482.4 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 482.4 Q F1 +<ad64>144 494.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 506.4 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) -.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) 2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) -2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) -.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 -381.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 393.6 Q 2.5(,a) +518.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 530.4 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -<ad64>144 405.6 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 417.6 R F2(start)3.258 +<ad64>144 542.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 554.4 R F2(start)3.258 E F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) -.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne) -.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 429.6 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H (alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 (are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61> -144 441.6 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 441.6 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 +144 578.4 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 578.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 ('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 453.6 Q +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 590.4 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 465.6 +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 602.4 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 465.6 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 477.6 R +le into the current history list.)180 602.4 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 614.4 R .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 489.6 Q F1<ad72>144 501.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ -ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 501.6 Q F1 -<ad77>144 513.6 Q F0 -(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 513.6 Q +(sion.)180 626.4 Q F1<ad72>144 638.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 638.4 Q F1 +<ad77>144 650.4 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 650.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 525.6 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 525.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 662.4 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 662.4 R(wing)-.25 E F2 (ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) -3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 537.6 R .475 +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 674.4 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 549.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 561.6 Q F0 -.363(Store the)180 561.6 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(normal history e)180 686.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 698.4 Q F0 +.363(Store the)180 698.4 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 573.6 Q -.15 +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 710.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 590.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 727.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 602.4 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 614.4 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 626.4 R 1.795 -(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 638.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ -option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 650.4 Q(fset) --.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 -F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 662.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 679.2 Q F0([) -2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 691.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 703.2 Q .3 -.15 -(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 715.2 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 715.2 Q -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 .193 -(Display information only about jobs that ha)180 84 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 -H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F -(\214ed of their status.)180 96 Q F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0 -(List only the process ID of the job')180 108 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G -(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 120 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 120 Q F1<ad73>144 132 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.314(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313 -(.T)-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 160.8 Q --.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 -177.6 R F1<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs) -2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394 -(found in)3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 -E F0 .395(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 -189.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E -F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.) --.15 E F1(kill)108 206.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|) -2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A -F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..) --2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 218.4 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec) -A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 -(Send the signal named by)144 230.4 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 -(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E -F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) -2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 242.4 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .669 +(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 84 R .669 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 108 R 1.795 +(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\ +tion is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the histo\ +ry \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(of)144 132 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031 +(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531 +(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031 +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad70>3.531 +E F0 -.1(fa)144 144 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 +(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108 +172.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E +(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5 +(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 196.8 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 196.8 Q F2 +<ad6e>144 208.8 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 208.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 220.8 Q F2<ad70> +144 232.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 232.8 Q 2.5(sp) +-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad72>144 244.8 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 244.8 Q F2<ad73>144 256.8 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 256.8 Q(If)144 273.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.554 +E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) +-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 +E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 302.4 R F2 +<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 +.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) +3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) +2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E +F2(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 +<ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 +(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 +(kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0(|)A F2<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|) +2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 +(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F1(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1 +(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E +F0(or)3.389 E F1(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) +2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 254.4 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 266.4 Q .522(gument of)-.18 -F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .522(gument of)-.18 +F F2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) 5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) -.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 -(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 278.4 +.18 F F2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2 R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 290.4 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F -F1<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 +F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F +F2<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 302.4 -R(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) --.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 +R(The)5.962 E F2<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F2<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 314.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) --.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 331.2 Q -F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -343.2 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(successfully sent, or f)144 439.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 456 Q F1 +(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +468 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 355.2 Q F2(ar) -2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 372 Q F0([)2.5 E -F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 384 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F -.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 -.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 396 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 -G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 -E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 480 Q F1(ar)2.83 +E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 +.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) +-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.152(yo) +-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar) +3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -408 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422 -(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If) -5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 420 R F1 +532.8 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F +(If)5.421 E F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 544.8 R F2 (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 432 R F1(set)4.063 E -F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 556.8 R F2(set)4.063 +E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 444 R 1.243 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 568.8 R 1.243 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 -(error to use)144 456 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(error to use)144 580.8 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) -5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 468 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 -E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 -484.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 484.8 Q F1(map\214le)108 501.6 Q F0 -([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) -2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73> --2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75> --2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 513.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 -(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2 -(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) -C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 525.6 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 +5.42 F F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) +144 592.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) +2.68 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2(logout) +108 609.6 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 609.6 Q F2(map\214le)108 626.4 Q +F0([)2.5 E F2<ad64>A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(count) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73> +-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75> +-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E +F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 638.4 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2 +<ad64>A F1(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6e>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1 +(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1 +(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) +C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 650.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 (arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 537.6 R -F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F1(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 662.4 R +F2<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F (ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 549.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 561.6 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 561.6 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.248 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad64>144 686.4 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 686.4 R F1(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 573.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 698.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 585.6 Q F0(Cop)180 585.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 -(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 597.6 Q F0(Be)180 -597.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 -E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5 -(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 609.6 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 609.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -<ad74>144 621.6 Q F0(Remo)180 621.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 -E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 633.6 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 633.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 645.6 Q F0(Ev)180 -645.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 -(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 657.6 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 657.6 Q -F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 -.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad6e>144 710.4 Q F0(Cop)180 710.4 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count) +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 12 12 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad4f>144 84 Q F0(Be) +180 84 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)2.83 E(ay) +-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def) +-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 96 +Q F0(Discard the \214rst)180 96 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 108 Q F0(Remo)180 108 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2 +(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E(wline\) from each line read.) +-.25 E F1<ad75>144 120 Q F0(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 120 Q +F2(fd)2.5 E F0(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 132 Q F0 +(Ev)180 132 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E +F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 144 Q +F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 144 Q F2 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 160.8 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 +(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 686.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 172.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 698.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +(as additional ar)144 184.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 710.4 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 727.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 196.8 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 213.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 -E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 12 12 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 -(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(map\214le)144 84 Q F0 -1.905(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 96 Q -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 230.4 Q F0 1.905 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 242.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +F1(popd)108 259.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 271.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) .15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 (th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -136.8 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +283.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 (op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 (uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 148.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 160.8 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 160.8 R .551 +F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 295.2 Q F1<ad6e>144 307.2 Q F0 .551 +(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 307.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 172.8 Q F1(+)144 184.8 Q F2(n)A -F0(Remo)180 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 319.2 Q F1(+)144 331.2 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 331.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 -196.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +343.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) --.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 208.8 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 355.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 355.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) -.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 -(zero. F)180 220.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(zero. F)180 367.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 -237.6 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1 -(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) -3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 249.6 R .416 -(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 +384 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) +3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 +F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 396 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F +-.25(va)-.4 G .415 (lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 261.6 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 408 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 424.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 290.4 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 436.8 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 (to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 302.4 R(ariable) +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 448.8 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 314.4 Q(The)144 338.4 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 460.8 Q(The)144 484.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +er escape sequences, which are con)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 362.4 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 374.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 508.8 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 520.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 386.4 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 398.4 Q F0(causes)180 398.4 Q F1(printf) +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 532.8 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 544.8 Q F0(causes)180 544.8 Q F1(printf) 2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 410.4 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 422.4 Q F0(causes)180 422.4 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 556.8 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 568.8 Q F0(causes)180 568.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 434.4 Q F1(%\()144 446.4 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 458.4 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(input.)180 580.8 Q F1(%\()144 592.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 604.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 470.4 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 616.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -482.4 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +628.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 494.4 R +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 640.8 R .693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) -3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 506.4 R -.15 +3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 652.8 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 518.4 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 535.2 Q +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 664.8 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 681.6 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 -(minus sign is allo)144 547.2 R 1.259 +(minus sign is allo)144 693.6 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 559.2 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 576 Q F2(format)3.424 E F0 -.923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E -(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 588 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 -.033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 -(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 600 Q(The return v)5 E -(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 616.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 628.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 -2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ -rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 640.8 R 3.139(wt) --.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 652.8 R .416 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F -(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 -(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 664.8 R 6.625 -(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 --.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 676.8 Q -F1<ad6e>144 688.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ -when rotating or adding directories to the)180 688.8 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 700.8 Q F1(+)144 -712.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 712.8 R F2(n) -3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 724.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 705.6 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 722.4 Q F2(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 +E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) +149.565 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>144 84 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2 -(n)3.42 E F0 .92(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho) -B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 108 Q F0(Adds) -180 108 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)144 84 Q +(guments)-.37 E F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 +(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 96 Q(The return v)5 E +(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+) +-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 124.8 Q +F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a direct\ +ory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the\ + ne)144 136.8 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416 +(stack the current w)144 148.8 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W) +-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F2(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories) +-2.917 E 1.625(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 +160.8 R 6.625(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha) +.18 F 1.925 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:) +144 172.8 Q F2<ad6e>144 184.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change o\ +f directory when rotating or adding directories to the)180 184.8 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 196.8 Q F2(+)144 +208.8 Q F1(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 208.8 R F1(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)180 220.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 232.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +.92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 232.8 R F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 +F F2(dirs)180 244.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) +-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 256.8 Q F0(Adds)180 256.8 Q F1(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) -.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 120 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 136.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 -E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 268.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2 +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 285.6 R F2(pushd) +2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 148.8 R F2(dir) +F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 297.6 R F1(dir) 3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 -F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 160.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ +F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 +(stack is empty)144 309.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 172.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 201.6 R .845 +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 321.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 350.4 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -213.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 -.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 +362.4 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2 (set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 -(enabled. If)144 225.6 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +(enabled. If)144 374.4 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 237.6 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 249.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 266.4 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E F2 -(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 -(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e> --3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E -F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr) -3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 -3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 278.4 Q F2(name)A + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 386.4 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 398.4 Q F2 -.18(re)108 415.2 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad61>-3.817 E F1 +(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad64>-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F2<ad69>-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad6e> +-3.817 E F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.816 E +F1(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad70>-3.816 E F1(pr) +3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad74>-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 +3.816(][)C F2<ad75>-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 427.2 Q F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ -e \214le descriptor)144 290.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 302.4 Q F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348 +e \214le descriptor)144 439.2 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 451.2 Q F2<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348 (option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 314.4 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G -1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E +(assigned to the \214rst)144 463.2 R F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G +1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 326.4 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 475.2 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 338.4 Q F0 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 487.2 Q F0 5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) -.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .532(assigned empty v)144 350.4 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 499.2 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 (characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 (are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 362.4 R .197 -(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 511.2 R .197 +(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 374.4 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 523.2 R F2(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) .15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -386.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 398.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 -(The w)180 410.4 R 1.049 +535.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 547.2 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 559.2 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 -(aname)180.33 422.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 -(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 434.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -1.318(The \214rst character of)180 446.4 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 +-.25 E F1(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F1 +(aname)180.33 571.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 583.2 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 +1.318(The \214rst character of)180 595.2 R F1(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 458.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 607.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad65>144 470.4 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 470.4 R F1 -.18 +(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2 +<ad65>144 619.2 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 619.2 R F2 -.18 (re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) 2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 482.4 R .218 +.218(to obtain the line.)180 631.2 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 494.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(acti)180 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 506.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 506.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 -(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2<ad69>144 655.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 655.2 Q F2 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 518.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 530.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 542.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 -(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 +-.25 F(ing be)180 667.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144 679.2 Q F1(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 691.2 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 +(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 (characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 554.4 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) --.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 -(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 -566.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 578.4 S(ad).18 E -F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 -(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 590.4 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 602.4 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 614.4 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 626.4 S .669 -(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 638.4 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 650.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 662.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 674.4 Q -2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F -(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 686.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 686.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 698.4 Q -(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E -(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 -710.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 710.4 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 F(input, b)180 703.2 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) +-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 +(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 84 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad4e>144 84 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 96 S(ad) +.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 +(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 108 R F1 -.18(re)2.775 +G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-) +5.274 F 1.002 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 120 R +F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503 +E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 132 R .608 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 144 S .669 +(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 156 Q F0(option belo) +2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 168 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display) +180 180 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F +3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161 +(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 192 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5 +(nput. The)-2.5 F +(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 +<ad72>144 204 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 204 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +-5.543 F(the line.)180 216 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G +(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) +-.25 E F1<ad73>144 228 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 228 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 +<ad74>144 240 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 252 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G (ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 (ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 108 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 +(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 264 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 (seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 120 Q +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 276 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -132 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 144 R .59 +288 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 300 R .59 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 156 S(riable) +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 312 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G -(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 168 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 324 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 -180 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) -.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +336 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 348 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 348 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 364.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 220.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 376.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) .18 E F0 .772 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 232.8 S 2.004 +-.25(va)144 388.8 S 2.004 (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 244.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 261.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 400.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 417.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 285.6 R +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 441.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 297.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 453.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 309.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 465.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 321.6 R -.15(ve) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 477.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 333.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 489.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 <ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 345.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -357.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 501.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +513.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 369.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 525.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 381.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 410.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 537.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 554.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 434.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 590.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 -446.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +602.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) 3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(determine the status is the last command e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 626.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 (is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 (or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 506.4 R .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 662.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 518.4 R -.15 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 674.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 530.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +.749(mand associated with the)144 686.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 542.4 Q F1 -(set)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C -F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 698.4 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 15 15 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 +E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 +E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 108 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 595.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 607.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 -.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 619.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 631.2 R 1.623 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 120 R +3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784(riables cannot be) +.25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 132 R F2 .447(posix mode)2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C +.447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 144 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531 +(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)-.2 F +3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F 1.624 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 156 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 643.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A -F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 655.2 Q -F0 1.377(Each v)184 655.2 R 1.377 +144 168 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 +2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 180 Q F0 +1.377(Each v)184 180 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 667.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 679.2 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 679.2 R +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 192 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 204 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 204 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 691.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 703.2 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 703.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 216 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 +H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 228 Q F0 .087 +(Exit immediately if a)184 228 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 715.2 Q -F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F -1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 -727.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 15 15 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 -(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(follo)184 84 Q 1.655(wing a)-.25 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 -.1(ke) -4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 240 Q F2 +1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) +.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 +(The shell does not e)184 252 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F +.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 264 Q +1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 (wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 96 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) +4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 276 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) -.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 (&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 108 R +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 288 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) -3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 (ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 120 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with) +-.25(va)184 300 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with) .15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 132 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 312 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 144 R 2.677 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 324 R 2.677 (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 156 R .617 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 336 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR) -184 168 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 +-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 348 R(ONMENT) +-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 180 Q -2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 198 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 360 Q +2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 378 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>4.542 E F0 -2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 210 R +2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 390 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F -.194(body will be af)184 222 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E +.194(body will be af)184 402 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 <ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 234 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 414 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F1<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 246 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 +(where)184 426 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 258 Q F1 -<ad66>144 270 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 270 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -<ad68>144 282 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -282 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 438 Q F1 +<ad66>144 450 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 450 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +<ad68>144 462 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +462 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 -294 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 306 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 306 R .514 +474 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 486 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 486 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 318 Q F1 -<ad6d>144 330 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 330 R .148 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 498 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 510 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 510 R .148 (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 342 R F2 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(on systems that support it \(see)184 522 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F (OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 -(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 354 R .679 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 534 R .679 (When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ -s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 366 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 378 Q F0 .653 -(Read commands b)184 378 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 546 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 558 Q F0 .653 +(Read commands b)184 558 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 (cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) -5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 390 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 --.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 402 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 414 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 -(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 426 Q F0 -(Same as)224 438 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 450 Q F0 -(Same as)224 462 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 474 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 474 R 2.589 +5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 570 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 582 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E +F0(The)184 594 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 +E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 606 Q F0(Same as)224 618 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) +A F1(emacs)184 654 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 654 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 486 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 666 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 498 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +F0 2.5(option. This)224 678 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 510 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 510 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 522 Q F0(Same as)224 522 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 558 Q F0(Same as)224 558 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 570 Q F0(Same as)224 582 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 594 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 594 R 3.087(,a) --.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 -H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 606 Q -(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -618 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 630 R 1.657 -(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) -4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -642 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 654 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 690 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 702 Q F1<ad43>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 714 Q F0(Same as)224 714 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A +184 690 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 690 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 702 Q F0(Same as)224 702 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A (GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2101,552 +2103,542 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(noglob)184 84 Q F0 -(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 96 Q F0 -(Currently ignored.)224 96 Q F1(notify)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 108 Q F1 -<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F1<ad75>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A -F1(ph)184 144 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A -F1(pipefail)184 156 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)224 156 R 1.029 -(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 -(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 168 R -1.136 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(functrace)184 84 Q F0 +(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 108 Q F0(Same as) +224 108 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 +132 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 144 Q F0 .586 +(Enable command history)224 144 R 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587 +(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 156 Q +(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 +168 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 180 R 1.657 +(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) +4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 +192 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 204 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 240 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q F1<ad43>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A +F1(noglob)184 276 Q F0(Same as)224 276 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) +184 288 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 288 Q F1(notify)184 300 Q F0 +(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 312 Q F0(Same as) +224 312 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 324 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q +F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 336 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q +F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 348 Q F0 1.029 +(If set, the return v)224 348 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F +1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 360 +R 1.136 (xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 180 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 192 Q F0 -2.09(Change the beha)224 192 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 372 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 384 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 384 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 (fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 -204 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 216 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +396 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2 +1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 408 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G 2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -228 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 240 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -252 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 264 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -264 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 276 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 276 R 3.965(ace. This) +420 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 432 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +444 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 456 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +456 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 468 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 468 R 3.965(ace. This) -.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -288 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 318 Q -F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) +480 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 510 Q +F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -330 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +522 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 342 Q F1<ad70> -144 354 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 354 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 534 Q F1<ad70> +144 546 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 546 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 +F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 366 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 378 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 390 R .38 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 558 R 1.5 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 570 S +(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0 +(and)2.774 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524 +(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 582 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 402 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 594 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 414 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 606 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 426 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 618 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 438 Q F1<ad74>144 450 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 450 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1<ad75>144 462 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 462 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 630 Q F1<ad74>144 642 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 642 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1<ad75>144 654 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 654 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 474 R 2.682 +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 666 R 2.682 (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 486 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 678 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -498 Q F1<ad76>144 510 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 510 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 522 Q F0 .315(After e)184 522 R -.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 +690 Q F1<ad76>144 702 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 702 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 714 Q F0 .315(After e)184 714 R +.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 -534 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F -1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 546 Q -(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 558 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 558 R 2.578 +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 3.26(or arithmetic)184 726 +R F1 -.25(fo)5.76 G(r).25 E F0 3.26(command, display the e)5.76 F 3.26 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.26(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)5.76 E F3(,)A F0(follo) +5.509 E 3.259(wed by the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) +149.565 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 17 17 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(command and its e)184 84 Q(xpanded ar)-.15 +E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +<ad42>144 96 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 96 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 570 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 582 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 582 R F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 108 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 120 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 120 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 594 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 132 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 606 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 618 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 618 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +.15 F(tor)184 144 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 156 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 156 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F .838(mands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 642 Q F1 -<ad48>144 654 Q F0(Enable)184 654 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 180 Q F1 +<ad48>144 192 Q F0(Enable)184 192 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 678 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 678 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 204 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 216 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 216 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 690 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 228 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 702 R(def)2.685 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 240 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 714 Q(.)-.65 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 17 17 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 -(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad54>144 84 Q F0 .89 -(If set, an)184 84 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1(DEB)3.39 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 +(mands which change the current directory)184 252 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 +264 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 264 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 +(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 108 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 120 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 120 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 288 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 300 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 300 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q/F2 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 312 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) .15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1<ad>144 144 Q F0 1.944 -(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 144 R F2(ar)4.444 E +F0(.)A F1<ad>144 324 Q F0 1.944 +(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 324 R F2(ar)4.444 E (g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 156 R F1 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 336 R F1 <ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144 -184.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 348 Q .425(The options are of)144 +364.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 376.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) -.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +(current set of options may be found in)144 388.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 (ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +(is encountered.)144 400.8 Q F1(shift)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 429.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 441.6 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 (+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) .15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 -(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 453.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 465.6 R .144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([) +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 477.6 Q F1(shopt)108 494.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 506.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 518.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 350.4 R .826 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 530.4 R .826 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2 +.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 542.4 R F2 (optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 -(options. The)144 374.4 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ +(options. The)144 554.4 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 -E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 398.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -398.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 410.4 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 410.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 -422.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E(options ha)144 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 578.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +578.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 590.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 590.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +602.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 602.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 614.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G (ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 458.4 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 458.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 626.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 638.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 638.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 475.2 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 655.2 R F1 <ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 -(set or unset, respecti)144 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +(set or unset, respecti)144 667.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 499.2 Q(ault.) +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 679.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +696 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) 4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) --.25 F(option.)144 540 Q(The list of)144 556.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.944 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 586.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +144 708 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(17) +198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 18 18 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(The list of)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 102 Q F0 +1.944(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 114 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 598.8 R .857 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 126 R .857 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F -(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .199 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 622.8 R +(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 138 Q F1(autocd)144 150 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 150 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 162 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 174 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 186 R .156 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 670.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 682.8 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 198 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 210 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -682.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +210 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 222 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 234 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 718.8 Q -(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 18 18 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 -(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkhash)144 84 Q F0 -.737(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 +(the command proceeds.)184 246 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 258 Q F0 .737 +(If set,)184 270 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 (checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 108 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 282 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 120 Q -F0 .448(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 294 Q +F0 .448(If set,)184 306 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 144 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 318 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 156 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +(attempted without an interv)184 330 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 168 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 342 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 180 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -192 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 354 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +366 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 (ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 204 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 378 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G (pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2 -(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 216 Q F0 1.202 -(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 +(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 390 Q F0 1.202 +(If set,)184 390 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -228 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 +402 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 -(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 240 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 +(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 414 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 (ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 252 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 -(compat31)144 264 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 426 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 +(compat31)144 438 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 450 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 (changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 (ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) -184 288 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 +184 462 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 (=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 300 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +(using the)184 474 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) -.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 -(use ASCII collation and)184 312 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(use ASCII collation and)184 486 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E (cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 324 Q F4(str) -2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 336 Q F0 1.41(If set,) -184 348 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 498 Q F4(str) +2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 510 Q F0 1.41(If set,) +184 522 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 (vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 (ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 -(string comparison when using the)184 360 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 534 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) 2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 372 R .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 546 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 384 Q +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 558 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 396 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 408 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 +F1(compat40)144 570 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 582 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 -(string comparison when using the)184 420 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(string comparison when using the)184 594 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 (conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) -4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 432 R +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 606 R F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) -.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 -444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 -(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 456 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 468 Q F0 1.483(If set,) -184 480 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F4(posix) -3.983 E F0 1.484 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 -(ex)184 492 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G -.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 -(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 504 +618 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 +(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 630 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 642 Q F0 1.523(If set,) +184 654 R F1(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F F4 1.523 +(posix mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.524 +(reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184 +666 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958 +(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 +G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 678 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 -(posix mode through v)184 516 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +(posix mode through v)184 690 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) 5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 528 Q F1(compat42)144 540 Q -F0 1.796(If set,)184 552 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 702 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 19 19 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat42)144 84 Q F0 +1.796(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 564 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 576 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 588 R F1 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 108 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 120 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 132 R F1 (bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 600 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 144 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 -(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 612 S .353 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 156 S .353 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.852 E -.1(fa)184 624 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 168 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.375(function is e)184 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F +.375(function is e)184 180 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 .374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 648 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(compat44)144 660 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 672 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) +(the caller')184 192 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(compat44)144 204 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) 2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) -2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 -684 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +228 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E -(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 696 Q F0 .654 -(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 240 Q F0 .654 +(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 720 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +(forming completion.)184 264 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 -(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(18)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 19 19 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 -(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.667(from the set of characters that will\ - be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 84 R .028 -(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 96 R .028(ariable references in w) --.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073 -(that dollar signs in v)184 108 R 1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F -1.073(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 --.25(ev e)184 120 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ +haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 +276 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 288 R .028 +(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 300 R 1.073 +(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 +(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 +(ev e)184 312 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -132 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 144 Q +324 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 336 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 156 Q(expand) --.18 E F0 .486(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 348 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 +(If set,)184 360 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -180 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +372 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 204 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -204 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +184 384 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 396 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +396 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 216 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 228 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 408 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 420 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 240 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 432 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 252 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) -184 252 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 444 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) +184 444 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 (xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 -(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 264 Q(gument to the)-.18 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 456 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 276 Q F0 .717 -(If set, aliases are e)184 288 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 468 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 480 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E /F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 300 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 312 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 324 R +(by def)184 492 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 504 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 516 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 (cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.221(identical to the)184 336 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 +.221(identical to the)184 528 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 348 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 360 Q F0(The)220 360 Q F1<ad46>4.25 +(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 540 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 552 Q F0(The)220 552 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 372 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 384 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -384 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 396 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 408 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 408 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 564 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 576 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +576 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 588 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 600 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 600 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 420 S .488 +(exe)220 612 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 432 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 624 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 444 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 444 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 636 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 636 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 456 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 468 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 468 R -(shells in)220 480 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 648 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 660 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 660 R +(shells in)220 672 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 492 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 492 R(in)220 504 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 684 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 684 R(in)220 696 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 516 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 516 R .4 +(extglob)144 708 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 708 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 528 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 540 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 552 R -F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 -E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) --4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 564 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 576 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 576 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 588 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 600 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 612 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) --.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 624 R .32 -(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 636 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) -184 648 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 660 Q F0 2.519 -(If set, range e)184 672 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 684 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 -(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 696 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 -(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 708 R F1(A) -3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 720 Q(.)-.55 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(19)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 720 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(19) +198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(globstar)144 84 Q F0 -.519(If set, the pattern)184 84 R F1(**)3.019 E F0 .519 -(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extquote)144 84 Q F0 +2.473(If set,)184 96 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F2(string)A F0 +4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within)-4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F2 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G(pansions).15 E +(enclosed in double quotes.)184 108 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E +(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 120 Q F0 1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 +120 R 1.425(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 132 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 144 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 156 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936 +(ariable cause w)-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32 +(when performing w)184 168 R .32(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32 +(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947(pletions. See)184 180 R F3 +.447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f) +-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F3(FIGNORE)2.948 E/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)184 +192 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 204 Q F0 2.519(If set, range e) +184 216 R 2.519(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518 +(et e)-.1 F 2.518(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F3 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E +(n)-.135 E(Matching)184 228 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b) +.15 G(eha)-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 +G 3.214(nt)-3.214 G .714 +(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)-3.214 F 1.02 +(That is, the current locale')184 240 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 252 R F1(A) +3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 264 Q(.)-.55 E +F1(globstar)144 276 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 276 R F1(**)3.019 +E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 (xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 96 R .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 288 R .431 (If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -108 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 120 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 132 Q F1(histappend)144 -144 Q F0 .676 +300 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 312 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 324 Q F1(histappend)144 +336 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -156 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 --.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 168 Q -(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 -(histr)144 180 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 192 R F1 -.18(re) -3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F -.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 204 Q F1(histv)144 216 Q -(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 -E F0 .403 +348 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G +(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 360 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 372 Q(eedit)-.18 +E F0 .575(If set, and)184 384 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575 +(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576 +(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F +(tory substitution.)184 396 Q F1(histv)144 408 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403 +(If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 240 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 432 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 252 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 444 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 264 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 276 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +(hostcomplete)144 456 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 468 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -288 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +480 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 300 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F -(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 312 Q F0(If set,) -184 324 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +F3(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 492 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 504 Q F0(If set,) +184 516 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F3(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 336 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 -(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 348 R .219(alue of the) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 528 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 540 R .219(alue of the) -.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) -2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 360 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F -(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E -F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 372 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E -F0 .33(If set, allo)184 384 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 -(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 552 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E +F1(interacti)144 564 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo) +184 576 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1 +(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 -(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 396 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 408 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 420 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 420 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 588 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F3(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 600 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 612 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 612 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 432 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 444 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 444 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 624 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 636 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 636 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 456 Q +(with embedded ne)184 648 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 468 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 480 R +(localv)144 660 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 672 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -492 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +684 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 504 Q -F1(login_shell)144 516 Q F0 .486 -(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -528 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 540 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 552 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 -564 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F --.1(wa)184 576 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E -(`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) --.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 588 -Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 600 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 -(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F -(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 612 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 624 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 636 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 648 S -(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 660 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -672 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 -(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 -(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 696 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ -le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 708 Q +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 696 Q (GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -2654,440 +2646,468 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(nullglob)144 84 Q F0 -.855(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo)3.355 E .855 -(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.354 G .854 -(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354(\)t).15 G(o) --3.354 E -.15(ex)184 108 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv) -.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 120 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676 -(If set, the programmable completion f)184 132 R .677(acilities \(see) --.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 144 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 156 Q(omptv) --.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448(If set, prompt strings under)184 168 R 1.448 -(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic) --.15 F -.15(ex)184 180 S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 -G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in) --.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 192 Q(ault.)-.1 -E F1 -.18(re)144 204 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(login_shell)144 84 Q +F0 .486 +(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 +96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo) +2.737 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 108 S +(lue may not be changed.).25 E F1(mailwar)144 120 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815 +(If set, and a \214le that)184 132 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F +-.1(wa)184 144 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E +(`The mail in)-.74 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mail\214le)2.5 E F0 +(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i)-.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1 +(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 156 Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18 +(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E +F0 .324(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 180 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 192 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 216 S +(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 228 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +240 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 +F .551(while e)184 252 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +(or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 +(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 +(wo)184 264 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 276 Q F1 +(nullglob)144 288 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 312 S +(pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 +324 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +336 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +(are enabled.)184 348 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 +(pr)144 360 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 372 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F +1.447(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 384 +S .17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E +(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E +(This option is enabled by def)184 396 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)144 408 +S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) -184 216 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 228 Q 2.86 +184 420 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 432 Q 2.86 (w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)2.86 G .36(lue may not be changed.).25 F .36 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 240 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E +(-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 444 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 252 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 264 R F1 +F1(shift_v)144 456 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 468 R F1 (shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 (iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 -(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 276 Q F1(sour) -144 288 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 300 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 480 Q F1(sour) +144 492 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 504 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) -.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 (to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F -(\214le supplied as an ar)184 312 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F -(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 324 Q F0 -(If set, the)184 336 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 516 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 528 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 540 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E (xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) -108 352.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 364.8 R +108 556.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 568.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 376.8 R F1<ad66> +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 580.8 R F1<ad66> 2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 388.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 592.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 405.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 417.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 417.6 R .877 +E F1(test)108 609.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 621.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 621.6 R .877 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 429.6 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 633.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 441.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(primaries described abo)144 645.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 453.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 657.6 Q(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 471.6 R .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 675.6 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 483.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(dence. The)144 687.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 495.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 507.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 519.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 519.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 -E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 531.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 543.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 555.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 567.6 S -(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -579.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 596.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E -F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E -(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 626.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 638.4 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 650.4 Q -(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 662.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 674.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 -F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 686.4 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 698.4 Q .553 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 -(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 710.4 Q -(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) -149.565 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +(used when there are \214v)144 699.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 711.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 711.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(21)198.725 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 (TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.5(3a)144 84 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E -.236(The follo)180 96 R .236 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\()144 84 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 .26 +(Returns the v)180 84 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 +5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 96 Q F2 -.2(ex) +144 108 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)180 120 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2 +-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 132 S(pr1).2 E +F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 144 S +(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G +(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 160.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E +F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E +(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 190.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 202.8 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 214.8 Q +(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 +E 2.5(2a)144 226.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 238.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 250.8 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 +262.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552 +(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F +.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 274.8 Q +(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 286.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 298.8 R .236 (wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 108 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)3.355 E .855 -(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578 -(result of the e)180 120 R .578(xpression is the result of the binary t\ -est using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E 1.333 -(as operands.)180 132 R(The)6.333 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.833 E -F0(and)3.833 E F3<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 310.8 R 1.155 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 322.8 R .578(xpression i\ +s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 334.8 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 144 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F -.558(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 -(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 -E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 156 R 3.021 -(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F -(xactly)-.15 E F3(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 168 Q -.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 -(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 -F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 180 Q -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 204 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F3 -(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384 -(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 216 R 4.147 -(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 -(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E -(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 228 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 240 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 -E 1.635(The e)180 252 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F -(abo)180 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 282 Q F3(test) -2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F3([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E -(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F3(times)108 298.8 Q F0 +(three ar)180 346.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 +F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F +.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +358.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(ar)180 370.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 +2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 +(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E +(wise, the e)180 382.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 +394.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 406.8 R +.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 +(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) +.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 +(posed of the remaining ar)180 418.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F +1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 +G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 +430.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 442.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar) +-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 454.8 R 1.635 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 +(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 +466.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 484.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E +F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1 +(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 501.6 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ - processes run from the shell.)144 298.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 -310.8 Q F3(trap)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E -/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .703(The command)144 339.6 R F4(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 -(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F4(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F4 -(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 351.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F3<ad>3.108 E -F0 3.108(,e)C .608 + processes run from the shell.)144 501.6 R(The return status is 0.)144 +513.6 Q F1(trap)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command) +144 542.4 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.202(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G +(f)-5.702 E F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608 +(absent \(and there is a single)144 554.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108 +(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 363.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) -144.34 375.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F3<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 387.6 R -F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 399.6 R F3<ad70>3.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F3(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +.659(\(the v)144 566.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) +144.34 578.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 590.4 R +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 602.4 R F1<ad70>3.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 411.6 R F3<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +(signal. The)144 614.4 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 423.6 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(bers. Each)144 626.4 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 (>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 435.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -F1(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 453.6 R F4 -(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F1(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 -(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +(names are case insensiti)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 656.4 R F2 +(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 +(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -1.648(If a)6.648 F F4(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F1(DEB)144 465.6 Q -(UG)-.09 E F2(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F4(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 668.4 Q +(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) --.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.668 E F0 -(command,)3.668 E F4(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 477.6 Q F4 +-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0 +(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 680.4 Q F2 (select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147 -(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 489.6 R F1 .145 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 692.4 R F3 .145 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F3(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 501.6 Q F3(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 -G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F3(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F1(RETURN)3.2 E F2(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 513.6 Q F4(ar) +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 704.4 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 716.4 Q F2(ar) 3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F3(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F3(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 525.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 543.6 R F4(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) -3.771 E F1(ERR)3.461 E F2(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F4(ar)3.791 E -(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) --.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ -urns a non\255zero e)144 555.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 -(the follo)144 567.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F1(ERR) -2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 -(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 579.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F3(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F3(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 591.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0 .778 -(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 603.6 R -1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) --3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F3(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 615.6 Q -(yed by the)-.15 E F3(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F3<ad65>A F0 2.5 -(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 +.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 728.4 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(22) +198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 23 23 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .961(If a)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)3.771 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ERR)3.461 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F1(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)-.001 F .185(sin\ +gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ +ro e)144 96 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452(the follo)144 108 +R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F2(ERR)2.952 E F0 .451 +(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .451 +(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 +(mand list immediately follo)144 120 R .387(wing a)-.25 F/F4 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke) +2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.898 E +F0 .388(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 132 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E +F0 .778(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 144 R 1.28 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78 +F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!) +3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 156 Q(yed by the) +-.15 E F4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C +(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -633.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 645.6 R .662 +174 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 186 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 657.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) --.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F3(type)108 -674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F4(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 686.4 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F4(name) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 198 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 +E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 +214.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 226.8 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1(name) 3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F3<ad74>144 698.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F3(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F4(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F4 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F4(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F4 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F4 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F4(name)144.36 710.4 Q F0 .087 +F4<ad74>144 238.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F4(type)3.342 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F1(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F1 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F1 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F1(name)144.36 250.8 Q F0 .087 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F4 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1 (name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 722.4 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 262.8 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F3<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F3(type)2.619 E F0 -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 23 23 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 -(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 84 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64 -(mand name, or nothing if)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name) -3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 -5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641 -(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .113(search for each)144 108 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)C -.15 -(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F2 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F3<ad70>2.612 E -F0(and)144 120 Q F3<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 +F4<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F4(type)2.619 E F0 .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 274.8 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 +286.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F4 +<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F2 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 298.8 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F4<ad70> +2.612 E F0(and)144 310.8 Q F4<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 +F .731 (alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F4 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .731 -(If the)5.231 F F3<ad61>144 132 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F3 -(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T) -.18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 144 R F3<ad70> +F F2 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F4<ad61> +144 322.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F4(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 +(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 334.8 R F4<ad70> 3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 156 R F3<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F3<ad66>3.723 E F0 +144 346.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0 1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 168 R F3(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F3(type)5.325 -E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 +144 358.8 R F4(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type) +5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 (guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 180 Q F3(ulimit)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 370.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 387.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4 (\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 -208.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 +399.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 (he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 220.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F -(The)5.943 E F3<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F3<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 +.943(that allo)144 411.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F4<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +144 423.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 244.8 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F3<ad48>2.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F3<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 435.6 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F4<ad48>2.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F4<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -256.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +447.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 268.8 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F3 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F3(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 459.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 471.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 292.8 R F3<ad48>2.999 E F0 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 483.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 304.8 Q 2.5 -(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3 -<ad61>144 316.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 316.8 Q F3 -<ad62>144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 328.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E -(fer size)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 340.8 Q F0 -(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 340.8 Q F3<ad64>144 352.8 -Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 352.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) --2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F3<ad65>144 364.8 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 364.8 Q F3<ad66>144 -376.8 Q F0 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 495.6 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4 +<ad61>144 507.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 507.6 Q F4 +<ad62>144 519.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 519.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 531.6 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 531.6 Q F4<ad64>144 543.6 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 543.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 555.6 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 555.6 Q F4<ad66>144 +567.6 Q F0 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -376.8 Q F3<ad69>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 -388.8 Q F3<ad6b>144 400.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 400.8 Q F3 -<ad6c>144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 412.8 Q -(ed into memory)-.1 E F3<ad6d>144 424.8 Q F0 -(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 424.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G -(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F3<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +567.6 Q F4<ad69>144 579.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +579.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 591.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 591.6 Q F4 +<ad6c>144 603.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 603.6 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 615.6 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 615.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 627.6 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 436.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 448.8 Q F3<ad70>144 460.8 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 460.8 Q F3 -<ad71>144 472.8 Q F0 -(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 472.8 Q F3 -<ad72>144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 484.8 -Q F3<ad73>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 496.8 Q F3<ad74>144 -508.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 508.8 Q F3 -<ad75>144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 520.8 Q -.25 -(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F3<ad76>144 532.8 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 532.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 -544.8 Q F3<ad78>144 556.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 -556.8 Q F3<ad50>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 -568.8 Q F3<ad54>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 580.8 Q -(If)144 597.6 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.468(n, and the).15 F F3<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 -F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F3<ad66> -2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F3 +180 627.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 639.6 Q F4<ad70>144 651.6 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 651.6 Q F4 +<ad71>144 663.6 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 663.6 Q F4 +<ad72>144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 675.6 +Q F4<ad73>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 687.6 Q F4<ad74>144 +699.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 699.6 Q F4 +<ad75>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 711.6 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 24 24 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 +(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 +E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad76>144 84 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 84 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 96 +Q F1<ad78>144 108 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 108 Q F1 +<ad50>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 120 Q F1 +<ad54>144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8 +Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468 +(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F +2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 +E .044(no option is gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1 +<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 <ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -621.6 R F3<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F3<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F3 -<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F3<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F3<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F3 -<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F3<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 633.6 R 1.438 -(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F3<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E -F3<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 645.6 R +172.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 +<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 +<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C +1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 184.8 R 1.476 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.976 E F0(and)3.976 E +F1<ad66>3.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 196.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -657.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F3(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E -F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +208.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 237.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 698.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -710.4 Q F1(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F3<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 +pted by)144 249.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +261.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 273.6 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F3<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 24 24 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61 -(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35 -E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 -.551(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.) -3.231 F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 96 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) -.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 -F(If)6.655 E F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655 -(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F1(name)3.827 E F0 +(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 +(mode)144.38 285.6 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 297.6 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 +(unalias)108 314.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 +(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 326.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) +4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E +F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 +F(remo)144 338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 355.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 367.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F2<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F1(name)144.36 177.6 Q F0 1.551 +(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 379.2 Q F0 1.551 (refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 189.6 R F2 -<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F1(name)5.001 E F0 +4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 391.2 R F1 +<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(remo)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F2<ad6e> -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F1(name)2.537 E F0 .037 -(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F1(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F1(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 -(be unset rather than the v)144 213.6 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 -F F2<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F2 +F(remo)144 403.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e> +2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 +(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 +(be unset rather than the v)144 415.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 +F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 <ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F -.221(options are supplied, each)144 225.6 R F1(name)2.721 E F0 .221 +.221(options are supplied, each)144 427.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 (refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 (ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 -(tion with that name is unset.)144 237.6 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +(tion with that name is unset.)144 439.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G 1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 -(passed to subsequent commands.)144 249.6 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 451.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 261.6 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 463.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 -273.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 +475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 290.4 Q -F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 -302.4 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ -nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F1(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) -3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 314.4 -R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 -G .009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.009 E F1(id)144.01 326.4 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 492 Q +F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 +504 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\ +tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) +3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 516 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G +.009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) +-5.009 E F2(id)144.01 528 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 (hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 338.4 Q F2 -<ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F2(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 540 Q F1 +<ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 (ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557 -(If the)5.557 F F2<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587 -(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 350.4 R F2(wait) -3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F1(id)3.086 E F0 .586 +(If the)5.557 F F1<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587 +(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 552 R F1(wait)3.086 +E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586 (to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .755 -(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 362.4 R(If)5.756 -E F1(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 -(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 374.4 -R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 -(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 -386.4 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 403.2 Q F0 -(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 415.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) +(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 564 R(If)5.756 E +F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 +(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 576 R +.365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 +(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 588 +Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 604.8 Q F0 +(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 616.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20) 149.565 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps index 9c4c5fd0..53602e2c 100644 --- a/doc/rbash.ps +++ b/doc/rbash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 19 09:43:23 2018 +%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 7 15:34:15 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index 2072eeed..7df19724 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @end ignore -@set LASTCHANGE Thu Mar 15 11:29:49 EDT 2018 +@set LASTCHANGE Tue Aug 7 12:01:22 EDT 2018 @set EDITION 5.0 @set VERSION 5.0 -@set UPDATED 15 March 2018 -@set UPDATED-MONTH March 2018 +@set UPDATED 7 August 2018 +@set UPDATED-MONTH August 2018 |