diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/bash.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 6798 |
1 files changed, 3426 insertions, 3372 deletions
diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index deccb7a7..5a7dc2d8 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 19 09:43:22 2018 +%%CreationDate: Fri Sep 7 15:34:15 2018 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic %%+ font Courier %%+ font Symbol %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 -%%Pages: 80 +%%Pages: 81 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(1)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(1)199.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(2)198.45 E -0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(2)199.555 +E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(3)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(3)199.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -714,8 +714,8 @@ E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted with left associati).15 E(vity)-.25 E 5(.A)-.65 G (returns a non-zero e)2.935 F .435(xit status.)-.15 F .434 (The return status of AND)5.434 F(and OR lists is the e)108 705.6 Q (xit status of the last command e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(4)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +(cuted in the list.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E +(4)199.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -802,9 +802,9 @@ to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243 (An additional binary operator)144 481.2 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0 2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243 (ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F1(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E -F1(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953 -(used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144 -493.2 R 1.953(xtended re)-.15 F 1.953(gular e)-.15 F 1.953 +F1(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F .182 +(used, the string to the right of the operator is considered a POSIX e) +144 493.2 R .182(xtended re)-.15 F .181(gular e)-.15 F .181 (xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 505.2 R F2 -.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207 (return v)2.707 F .207 @@ -844,8 +844,8 @@ F0 .597(with inde)2.847 F 3.097(x0i)-.15 G(s)-3.097 E .049 2.5 E F0 .523(Returns the v)180 685.2 R .522(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex) 3.022 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 5.522(.T)C .522(his may be used to o) -5.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .522(rride the normal precedence of).15 F -(operators.)180 697.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(5) -198.45 E 0 Cg EP +(operators.)180 697.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(5) +199.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -993,8 +993,8 @@ F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 -.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 688.8 Q -.15 (xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while) 108 705.6 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1 -(done)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(6)198.45 E 0 -Cg EP +(done)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(6)199.555 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ F .952(ord be)-.1 F .952(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)3.451 E F0 .951 (omments. The)-3.837 F F1(interacti)3.836 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(7)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(7)199.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ ngle-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not been present.)-.15 E 2.64(Ad) 108 720 S .14(ouble-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign \()-2.64 F F4($)A F0(")A F2(string)A F0 .14 ("\) will cause the string to be translated according)B(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(8)198.45 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(8)199.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ F0 5.144(.I)C 2.644(ft)-5.144 G .144(he control v)-2.644 F .144 (ke).2 G .444(d, and may be reassigned using).1 F(the)108 722.4 Q F1 (set)3.333 E F0 -.2(bu)3.333 G .833(iltin command.).2 F .834(Positional\ parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.)5.833 F -(The)5.834 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(9)198.45 E 0 +(The)5.834 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(9)199.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -1422,2272 +1422,2298 @@ F2($1)A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(c)A F2($2)A F3(c)A F2(...)A F0(",)A .833(is unset, the parameters are)3.082 F(separated by spaces.)144 237.6 Q(If)5 E F1(IFS)2.5 E F0 (is null, the parameters are joined without interv)2.25 E -(ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 249.6 Q F0 .606 +(ening separators.)-.15 E F2(@)108 249.6 Q F0 .722 (Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.)144 249.6 R -.605(When the e)5.605 F .605(xpansion occurs within dou-)-.15 F .113 -(ble quotes, each parameter e)144 261.6 R .113(xpands to a separate w) --.15 F 2.614(ord. 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If).25 F F2 -.3(BA)2.5 G(SHPID).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F2 -.3(BA)108 691.2 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 -703.2 R 1.495 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose m\ -embers correspond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16 -(tained by the)144 715.2 R F2(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66 -(iltin. Elements).2 F .16 -(added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 -(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 727.2 R --.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) -9.503 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(10)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(10)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 +SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 1.195(An associati)144 96 R 1.495 +-.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.195(rray v).15 F 1.195(ariable whose members corresp\ +ond to the internal list of aliases as main-)-.25 F .16(tained by the) +144 108 R F1(alias)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.66(iltin. Elements).2 F .16 +(added to this array appear in the alias list; ho)2.66 F(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .96 -.4(r, u).15 H(nsetting).4 E 4.503 +(array elements currently does not cause aliases to be remo)144 120 R +-.15(ve)-.15 G 7.003(df).15 G 4.503(rom the alias list.)-7.003 F(If) +9.502 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_ALIASES).3 E F0 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935(An array v)144 108 R .935 -(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 +-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .934(An array v)144 156 R +.934(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934 (alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F -F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 120 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 +F1(bash)3.435 E F0 -.15(exe)144 168 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535 (The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\ - script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 132 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0 -(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G -2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141 -(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141 -(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 -144 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G -(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 156 S .284 -(tended deb).15 F .284(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 -(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .283(option to the)2.783 F F1(shopt)2.783 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.783 G .283(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 168 Q F1 -(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(after the shell has started to e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cute a script may result in inconsistent v).15 E(alues.)-.25 -E F1 -.3(BA)108 180 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 192 R .979 + script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 180 S .141(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.641 E F0 +(or)2.641 E F1(sour)2.641 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.641(\)i)C 2.641(sa)-2.641 G +2.641(tt)-2.641 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.641 F .142 +(When a subroutine is e)5.142 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .142 +(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.631(parameters passed is pushed onto)144 +192 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.13 G +(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.63(only when in)4.88 F -.15(ex)144 204 S .283 +(tended deb).15 F .283(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 F F1 +(extdeb)2.784 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .284(option to the)2.784 F F1(shopt)2.784 E +F0 -.2(bu)2.784 G .284(iltin belo).2 F(w\).)-.25 E(Setting)144 216 Q F1 +(extdeb)3.363 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .863(after the shell has started to e)3.363 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .862(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .862 +(ariable when)-.25 F F1(extdeb)144 228 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 +(is not set, may result in inconsistent v)2.5 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA) +108 240 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .979(An array v)144 252 R .979 (ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash) 3.48 E F0 -.15(exe)3.48 G .98(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.98 E .275(\ \214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the stac\ -k; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 204 R 1.424 -(call is at the bottom.)144 216 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F +k; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 264 R 1.424 +(call is at the bottom.)144 276 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15 -F F2 -.27(BA)144 228 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) +F F2 -.27(BA)144 288 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets) 6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .965 -(description of the)144 240 R F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 +(description of the)144 300 R F1(extdeb)3.465 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .966 (option to the)3.465 F F1(shopt)3.466 E F0 -.2(bu)3.466 G .966 (iltin belo).2 F 3.466(w\). Setting)-.25 F F1(extdeb)3.466 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.966(after the shell)3.466 F(has started to e)144 252 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cute a script may result in inconsistent v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3 -(BA)108 264 S(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .251(When referenced, this v)144 276 R -.251(ariable e)-.25 F .251 +.966(after the shell)3.466 F .32(has started to e)144 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .32(cute a script, or referencing this v).15 F .319(ariable when)-.25 +F F1(extdeb)2.819 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .319(is not set, may result in)2.819 F +(inconsistent v)144 324 Q(alues.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_ARGV0).3 +E F0 .25(When referenced, this v)144 348 R .25(ariable e)-.25 F .251 (xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F -F1($0)2.75 E F0 2.75(;s)C(ee)-2.75 E 1.224 -(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +F1($0)2.751 E F0 2.751(;s)C(ee)-2.751 E 1.224 +(the description of special parameter 0 abo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.724(\). Assignment).15 F(to)3.724 E F1 -.3(BA)3.724 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 -1.225(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 -(assigned to also be assigned to)144 300 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C +1.224(causes the v)3.724 F(alue)-.25 E .247 +(assigned to also be assigned to)144 372 R F1($0)2.747 E F0 5.247(.I)C (f)-5.247 E F1 -.3(BA)2.747 G(SH_ARGV0).3 E F0 .247 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.747 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n) -.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 312 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 324 S -(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .667(An associati)144 336 R .967 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .667 +.15 E(if it is subsequently reset.)144 384 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 396 S +(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 408 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668 (rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\ -h table of commands)-.25 F .196(as maintained by the)144 348 R F1(hash) -2.696 E F0 -.2(bu)2.696 G 2.696(iltin. Elements).2 F .195 +h table of commands)-.25 F .195(as maintained by the)144 420 R F1(hash) +2.695 E F0 -.2(bu)2.695 G 2.695(iltin. Elements).2 F .196 (added to this array appear in the hash table; ho)2.696 F(we)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G -.4(r,).15 G .852(unsetting array elements currently does no\ -t cause command names to be remo)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G -.853(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 372 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G +t cause command names to be remo)144 432 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(df).15 G +.852(rom the hash)-3.352 F 2.5(table. If)144 444 R F1 -.3(BA)2.5 G (SH_CMDS).3 E F0(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.5 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 384 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.243 -(The command currently being e)144 396 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 -(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242 -(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 456 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E F0 1.242 +(The command currently being e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243 +(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243(cuting a).15 F (command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144 -408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 -420 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 432 Q +480 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108 +492 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 504 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 444 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .692 -(An array v)144 456 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ -n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .97(member of)144 468 R -F2(FUNCN)3.47 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.22 G 3.47(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o) --3.47 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .969 -(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.671(\214le \()144 480 R F1 -(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.171(\)w)C(here)-17.171 +(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .693 +(An array v)144 528 R .692(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\ +n source \214les where each corresponding)-.25 F .969(member of)144 540 +R F2(FUNCN)3.469 E(AME)-.18 E F0 -.1(wa)3.219 G 3.469(si).1 G -1.9 -.4 +(nv o)-3.469 H -.1(ke).4 G(d.).1 E F1(${B)5.969 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 .97 +(is the line number in the source)3.469 F 14.672(\214le \()144 552 R F1 +(${B)A(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 17.172(\)w)C(here)-17.172 E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -17.172(sc).1 G 14.672(alled \(or)-17.172 F F1(${B)144 492 Q(ASH_LINENO[) +17.171(sc).1 G 14.671(alled \(or)-17.171 F F1(${B)144 564 Q(ASH_LINENO[) -.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 -504 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 516 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 528 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ +576 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 588 S(SH_LO).3 E(AD)-.4 E(ABLES_P)-.35 E +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 4.07(Ac)144 600 S 1.57(olon-separated list of\ directories in which the shell looks for dynamically loadable b)-4.07 F -(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 540 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 552 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006(An array v)144 -564 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 -E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 E F0 .005 -(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. The)144 576 R .007 -(element with inde)2.506 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 -(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .007(gular e) --.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .998(The element with inde)144 588 R(x)-.15 E -F4(n)3.498 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.498 F -F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 -(sion. This)144 600 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1 -.3(BA)108 612 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .125(An array v)144 624 R .125(ar\ +(uiltins)-.2 E(speci\214ed by the)144 612 Q F1(enable)2.5 E F0(command.) +2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 624 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 +636 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 +E F0 .006(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006 +(conditional com-)2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 648 R .007 +(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007 +(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e) +-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 660 R(x)-.15 E +F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F +F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5 +(sion. This)144 672 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E +F1 -.3(BA)108 684 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .126(An array v)144 696 R .125(ar\ iable whose members are the source \214lenames where the corresponding \ -shell function)-.25 F .781(names in the)144 636 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) +shell function)-.25 F .78(names in the)144 708 R F2(FUNCN)3.28 E(AME) -.18 E F0 .78(array v)3.03 F .78(ariable are de\214ned.)-.25 F .78 -(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.28 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A -F0(is)3.28 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 648 Q F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) --.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E(ASH_SOURCE[) --.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 660 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 -.296(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 672 R -.296(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .297(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 684 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) -2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 696 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.645 -(Ar)144 708 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144 -(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 -(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144 -(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 720 S -(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(11)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(The shell function)5.78 F F1(${FUNCN)3.281 E(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A +F0(is)3.281 E(de\214ned in the \214le)144 720 Q F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0(and called from)2.5 E F1(${B)2.5 E +(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i+1)A F1(]})A F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(11)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)144 84 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 84 -Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.5 G -(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 96 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A -F0(The minor v)264 96 Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 -E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 108 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0 -(The patch le)264 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 120 S -(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A F0(The b)264 120 Q(uild v)-.2 E -(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 132 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0 -(The release status \(e.g.,)264 132 Q F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) -144 144 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A F0(The v)264 144 Q(alue of) +SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .296 +(Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell en)144 96 R .296 +(vironment when the shell be)-.4 F .296(gins e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(cuting).15 E(in that en)144 108 Q 2.5(vironment. The)-.4 F(initial v) +2.5 E(alue is 0.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 120 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0 2.644 +(Ar)144 132 S .144(eadonly array v)-2.644 F .144 +(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144 +(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.645 E F0 5.145 +(.T)C(he)-5.145 E -.25(va)144 144 S +(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3 +(BA)144 162 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)264 162 Q +(ersion number \(the)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.5 G(lease) +.37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 174 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0 +(The minor v)264 174 Q(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F2(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 +E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 186 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0 +(The patch le)264 186 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 198 S +(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A F0(The b)264 198 Q(uild v)-.2 E +(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 210 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0 +(The release status \(e.g.,)264 210 Q F2(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA) +144 222 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1(])A F0(The v)264 222 Q(alue of) -.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 -SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 156 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 -(Expands to a string describing the v)144 168 Q +SF(.)A F1 -.3(BA)108 234 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0 +(Expands to a string describing the v)144 246 Q (ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108 -180 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 192 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896 E +258 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .397(An inde)144 270 R 2.897(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.897 E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396 -(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F -(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 204 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 +(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .396(This v)5.396 F +(ari-)-.25 E 1.18(able is a)144 282 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181 (ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681 -(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F -1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 216 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 228 Q F0(The k)144 240 Q .3 +(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F +1.181(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 294 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 306 Q F0(The k)144 318 Q .3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 -H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 252 Q F0 1.207 -(The current command line.)144 264 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 +H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 330 Q F0 1.208 +(The current command line.)144 342 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208 (ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F -2.849(mands in)144 276 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.207(xternal com-)-.15 F +2.848(mands in)144 354 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349 (yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F -F0(belo)144 288 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 300 Q F0 .666(The inde) -144 312 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666 -(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.849(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F +F0(belo)144 366 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 378 Q F0 .667(The inde) +144 390 R 3.167(xo)-.15 G 3.167(ft)-3.167 G .666 +(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166 (ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15 -F .667(If the)5.667 F .535 +F .666(If the)5.666 F .534 (current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144 -324 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 -(${#COMP_LINE})144 336 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006 -(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15 -F(in)144 348 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +402 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1 +(${#COMP_LINE})144 414 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 426 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G (he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E (ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 -360 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 372 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +438 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 450 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) --.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 384 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 +-.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 462 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f) -C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t) --.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 396 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592 -(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) +C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 474 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591 +(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np) -4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 -F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 408 R F2(%)4.052 E +F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 486 R F2(%)4.053 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 -(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 420 S 2.929 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 498 S 2.928 (ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 (yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 -(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 -432 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 444 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 -1.335(The set of characters that the)144 456 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) -144 468 R F3(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G -(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 480 Q F1(COMP_W)108 492 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .653(An array v)144 504 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E -F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) --.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 516 R +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +510 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 522 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.336(The set of characters that the)144 534 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) +144 546 R F3(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G +(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 558 Q F1(COMP_W)108 570 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .654(An array v)144 582 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E +F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) +-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 594 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 -528 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 -(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) -144 540 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 552 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) -144 564 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 +606 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 +(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) +144 618 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 630 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) +144 642 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 576 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 588 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 600 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 654 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 666 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 678 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 612 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 -(members of this array v)144 624 R 1.432 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 690 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 702 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 636 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 714 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 648 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 726 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 660 Q F1(EPOCHREAL) -108 672 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .338 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 684 R .337 -(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -696 Q F2(time)2.916 E F0 .416(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .417 -(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.417(.A)-.65 G .417 -(ssignments to)-5.417 F F3(EPOCHRE-)2.917 E(AL)144 708 Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 -1.091(are ignored.)3.341 F(If)6.091 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E(TIME)-.828 E -F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.59(ni).15 G 3.59(fi)-3.59 G 3.59(ti)-3.59 G(s)-3.59 E -(subsequently reset.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(12)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(12) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(EPOCHSECONDS)108 84 Q F0 .337 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 96 R .338 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(it is subsequently reset.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHREAL)108 +96 Q(TIME)-.92 E F0 .337(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e) +144 108 R .338(xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 +F(\(see)144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)2.917 E F0 .417 +(\(3\)\) as a \215oating point v)B .416 +(alue with micro-second granularity)-.25 F 5.416(.A)-.65 G .416 +(ssignments to)-5.416 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHRE-)2.916 E(AL)144 132 +Q(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(are ignored.)3.34 F(If)6.09 E F3(EPOCHREAL)3.59 E +(TIME)-.828 E F0 1.09(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)3.34 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.591(ni).15 G 3.591(fi)-3.591 G 3.591(ti)-3.591 G(s) +-3.591 E(subsequently reset.)144 144 Q F1(EPOCHSECONDS)108 156 Q F0 .338 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 168 R .337 (xpands to the number of seconds since the Unix Epoch)-.15 F(\(see)144 -108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(time)4.042 E F0 4.042 -(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.042 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EPOCHSECONDS) -4.042 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E -F0 1.541(is unset, it)3.791 F(loses its special properties, e)144 120 Q --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(EUID)108 132 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef) -144 132 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103 -(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 144 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 156 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 168 R .479 +180 Q F2(time)4.041 E F0 4.041(\(3\)\). Assignments)B(to)4.041 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.041 E F0 1.542(are ignored.)3.792 F(If)6.542 E F3 +(EPOCHSECONDS)4.042 E F0 1.542(is unset, it)3.792 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 +(EUID)108 204 Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 204 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 +-.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G +1.103(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 216 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 228 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 240 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 -(The element with inde)144 180 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 192 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 -(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 -(tion is e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E -(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F -(special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 -234 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 +(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 264 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 +(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .076 +(tion is e)144 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.576(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.576 E F3(FUNCN)2.576 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.326 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.575 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .075(is unset, it loses its)2.325 F +(special properties, e)144 288 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .11(This v)144 +306 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 -(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 246 S(ME).2 E F0 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 318 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) .3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 -(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 258 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G +(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 330 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) --2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 -(at line number)144 270 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 -(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G -1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F -(this information.)144 282 Q F1(GR)108 294 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 -(An array v)144 306 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ -ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E -.571(ments to)144 318 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184 +(at line number)144 342 R F1(${B)3.684 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 354 Q F1(GR)108 366 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228 +(An array v)144 378 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ +ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E +.572(ments to)144 390 R F3(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 (GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 (is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E -(subsequently reset.)144 330 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 342 Q F0 .356 -(The history number)144 354 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) --2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +3.072(ni).15 G 3.071(fi)-3.072 G 3.071(ti)-3.071 G(s)-3.071 E +(subsequently reset.)144 402 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 414 Q F0 .355 +(The history number)144 426 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde) +-2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 366 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 378 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 390 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 402 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 414 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 -.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 426 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 438 Q F0 1.408(Each\ +(HOSTN)108 450 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 462 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 474 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 486 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 +.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 498 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 510 Q F0 1.408(Each\ time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ -ber representing the)144 450 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 462 R .079 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 474 R .307 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E -F3(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its)2.556 F -(special properties, e)144 486 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 -G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 498 Q +ber representing the)144 522 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ +arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 534 R .078 +(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 546 R .306 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E +F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F +(special properties, e)144 558 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 570 Q (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\ -es the system type on which)144 510 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899(is e)3.398 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 522 Q F2 +es the system type on which)144 582 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 594 Q F2 (cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 534 Q F0 .294 -(An array v)144 546 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0 -(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .293 -(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 -(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 558 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 -(OLDPWD)108 570 Q F0(The pre)144 582 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE)108 606 Q F0 .293 +(An array v)144 618 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0 +(belo)2.793 E .293(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294 +(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 630 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 +(OLDPWD)108 642 Q F0(The pre)144 654 Q(vious w)-.25 E (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(OPT)108 594 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 606 R 1.627 +(OPT)108 666 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 678 R 1.627 (alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F -F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 -(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 618 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 630 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 642 R 4.152 -(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F -1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) -4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 654 -S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 -666 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ -g system on which)144 678 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 690 Q(ault is system-dependent.) --.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 702 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 -714 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 -(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 -(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 726 Q -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E -(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(13)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 +(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 690 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 702 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 714 R 4.151 +(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F3(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 726 +S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0) +72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(13)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(PPID)108 84 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 84 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +SF(OSTYPE)108 84 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes\ + the operating system on which)144 96 R F1(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e) +2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 108 Q +(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 120 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) +.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 132 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays) +3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 +(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F +(the most-recently-e)144 144 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 +(PPID)108 156 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 156 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F1(PWD)108 96 Q F0(The current w)144 96 Q +F1(PWD)108 168 Q F0(The current w)144 168 Q (orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -(RANDOM)108 108 Q F0 .565 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 120 R .566 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 132 +(RANDOM)108 180 Q F0 .566 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 192 R .565 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 204 R .01(alue to)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)2.51 E/F3 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 156 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 168 R +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 228 Q F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 240 R F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 180 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(READLINE_POINT)108 192 Q F0 .314 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 204 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 252 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 264 Q F0 .313 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 276 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 -(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 216 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 228 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 240 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F4 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F2 +(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 288 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 300 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 312 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) --.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 252 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ -ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 264 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 276 R .712 +-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 324 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ +ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 336 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 +(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 348 R .712 (alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F3(,)A F0 .712(the v) 2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 288 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 300 Q -.15(ve) +F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 360 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 372 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 312 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 324 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 384 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 396 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 336 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F -F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 -(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E -3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 348 R F2 -(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F/F5 10 +(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 408 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F +F1(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.173 +(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E +3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 420 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F/F5 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(on)2.749 E F0(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 -5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .019 -(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 360 Q F1(bash) -3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ -d before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642(tartup \214les.)-3.142 -F(This v)144 372 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 384 Q -(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 396 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 408 Q F0 -(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 408 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G +5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G .019(his v)-2.519 F .02 +(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E(when)144 432 Q F1(bash) +3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\ +d before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641(tartup \214les.)-3.141 +F(This v)144 444 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 456 Q +(VL)-.92 E F0(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 468 Q F1 +(bash)2.5 E F0(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 480 Q F0 +(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 480 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 424.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 +E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 496.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 (ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 436.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 453.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 -1.192(The v)144 465.6 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F -3.692(sc)-.55 G 1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693 -(l. See).15 F 1.193(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 --.2(bu)3.693 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 477.6 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E -F1 .372(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 -(for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 489.6 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 -(va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 -F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 -(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 508.8 +Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F1 -.3(BA)108 525.6 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 +1.193(The v)144 537.6 R 1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F +3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692 +(l. See).15 F 1.192(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 +-.2(bu)3.692 G(iltin).2 E(belo)144 549.6 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E +F1 .371(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 561.6 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F +-.25(va)2.861 G .361 +(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36 +(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 +(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) -144 513.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 +144 585.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 525.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) --.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 -(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 -(sets the compatibility le)144 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G -3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 -F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 -(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 549.6 R F1 -(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 -(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 561.6 Q F1 +4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 597.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 +(sets the compatibility le)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G +3.619(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 +F 3.619(ersion. 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The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 573.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 -(If this parameter is set when)144 585.6 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) -3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 597.6 R F5 -(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354(he v)-5.354 F .354 -(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.854 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected) -2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 609.6 R .525 +-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 645.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 +(If this parameter is set when)144 657.6 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) +3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 669.6 R F5 +(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355(he v)-5.355 F .355 +(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.27(BA)2.855 G(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected) +2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 681.6 R .525 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 621.6 Q +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 693.6 Q F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 633.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 645.6 -R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 -F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F -(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 657.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 +108 705.6 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 717.6 +R .48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F +(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 +F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 729.6 R F4 3.114(set -x)5.614 F F0 3.114 (is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T)-.55 G 3.114 -(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F2 -.27(BA)144 669.6 S -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 F -2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F2 -.27(BA)2.638 G -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ -mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -681.6 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F2 -.27(BA)144 -693.6 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \ -\214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F -(standard error being closed.)144 705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(14)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(14)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(CDP)108 84 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the) -144 96 R F1(cd)3.747 E F0 3.747(command. 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.974(ariable o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .974 +(rrides the v).15 F .973(alue of)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LANG)3.473 +E F0 .973(and an)3.223 F 3.473(yo)-.15 G(ther)-3.473 E F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 +-.25(va)3.473 G .973(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 132 +Q(.)-.65 E F1(LC_COLLA)108 144 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .411(This v)144 156 R .412 +(ariable determines the collation order used when sorting the results o\ +f pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 +168 R 1.465(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F +(within pathname e)144 180 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1 +(LC_CTYPE)108 192 Q F0 1.935(This v)144 204 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 120 Q -(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 132 Q(GES)-.55 E -F0(This v)144 144 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ +1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 216 Q +(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 228 Q(GES)-.55 E +F0(This v)144 240 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\ ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC) -108 156 Q F0(This v)144 168 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 180 Q F0(This v) -144 192 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E -(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 204 Q F0 -.055(Used by the)144 204 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ +108 252 Q F0(This v)144 264 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 276 Q F0(This v) +144 288 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E +(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 300 Q F0 +.055(Used by the)144 300 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\ o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264 -(Automatically set if the)144 216 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 +(Automatically set if the)144 312 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264 (option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265 -(hell upon receipt of a).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGWINCH)144 228 Q/F3 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 240 Q F0 1.201 -(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 240 +(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F2(SIGWINCH)144 324 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 +SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 336 Q F0 1.201 +(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 336 R F2(MAILP)3.701 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)3.451 G 1.201 (riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0 -(informs the user of the arri)144 252 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 +(informs the user of the arri)144 348 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 264 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 276 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 360 Q F0 .098 +(Speci\214es ho)144 372 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) -2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) 5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 288 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F -(or set to a v)144 300 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ -l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 312 Q --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 324 S .49 +mpt.)144 384 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +(or set to a v)144 396 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ +l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 408 Q +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 420 S .49 (olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 (ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) -144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ +144 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ - with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 348 Q(xt of the message,) + with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 444 Q(xt of the message,) -.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 -(MAILP)144 360 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) +(MAILP)144 456 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 372 Q F0 .015 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 468 Q F0 .015 (can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 (alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 (alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ -ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 384 Q -(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 396 Q F0 .39 -(If set to the v)144 408 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 +ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 480 Q +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 492 Q F0 .39 +(If set to the v)144 504 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389 (displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0 --.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 420 R +-.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .359(SHELL B)144 516 R (UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 (OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in) -2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 432 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 444 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 -(The search path for commands.)144 444 R .587 +2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 528 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 540 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 +(The search path for commands.)144 540 R .587 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 456 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) +5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 552 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) 2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 468 S +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 564 S .536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 (indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 (null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 480 R .868 +-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 576 R .868 (The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F(administrator who installs)144 492 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C +-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 588 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C (common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF -(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 504 Q -F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 516 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 528 R +(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 600 Q +F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 612 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 624 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 (posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 -(the startup \214les, as if the)144 540 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 +(the startup \214les, as if the)144 636 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 -(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 552 Q F1(bash)2.5 -E F0(enables)2.5 E F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F4(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 564 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 -(If set, the v)144 576 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G +(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 648 Q F1(bash) +4.497 E F0(enables)4.497 E F5 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C +4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F4 1.997 +(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.998(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) +.15 E(When the shell enters)144 660 Q F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C +2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E +(as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 672 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0 +(If set, the v)144 684 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR) -108 588 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 -(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 600 R .676 +108 696 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676 +(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 708 R .676 (alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923 -(nents to retain when e)144 612 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 +(nents to retain when e)144 720 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423 E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) 3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E -(Characters remo)144 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 636 Q F0 1.174(The v) -144 636 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see) --.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 -(w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 648 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 660 Q F0 .065(The v)144 660 R -.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) -2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 -(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 672 R -(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 684 Q F0 .117(The v)144 684 R .117 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) -5.118 E(def)144 696 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 708 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 708 R 1.115 -(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) -144 720 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(17)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(17)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(PS4)108 84 Q F0 .1(The v)144 84 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 -F .1(xpanded as with)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101 -(and the v)2.35 F .101(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1 -(bash)144 96 Q F0 .335(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335 -(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .335(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-) -2.584 F(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5 -(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.) -.15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 -E F1(SHELL)108 120 Q F0 .663(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 132 -R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If) --.25 F .664(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 144 Q F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 -E 2.5(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 156 Q(T)-.95 E F0 -.827(The v)144 168 R .826 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Characters remo) +144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 +E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS0)108 96 Q F0 1.174(The v)144 96 R 1.174 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see)-.15 F/F2 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174 +(w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 108 Q +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 120 Q F0 .064(The v)144 120 R +.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR) +2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 +(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 132 R +(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 144 Q F0 .118(The v)144 144 R .118 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) +5.117 E(def)144 156 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 168 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 168 R 1.115 +(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) +3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) +144 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 192 Q F0 +.101(The v)144 192 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 204 Q F0 .334 +(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F +.335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F +(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 216 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 +G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E +(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1 +(SHELL)108 228 Q F0 .664(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 240 R +.664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 +F .663(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 252 Q F1(bash) +2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5 +(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 264 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826 +(The v)144 276 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 180 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 -(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 -(an escape sequence that is e)144 192 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F -(and their meanings are as follo)144 204 Q -(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 222 Q F0 2.5 -(Al)194 222 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 234 Q/F3 10 +3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 288 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 +(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +(an escape sequence that is e)144 300 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F +.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +(and their meanings are as follo)144 312 Q +(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 330 Q F0 2.5 +(Al)194 330 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 342 Q/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 -234 Q F1(%[)144 246 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 -(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 246 Q F1(%[)144 258 Q +342 Q F1(%[)144 354 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0 +(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 354 Q F1(%[)144 366 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 -258 Q F1(%P)144 270 Q F0 -(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 270 Q .87 -(The optional)144 286.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) +366 Q F1(%P)144 378 Q F0 +(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 378 Q .87 +(The optional)144 394.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) -144 298.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 310.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3 -(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E -F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 322.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 339.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) +144 406.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 418.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3 +(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E +F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 430.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 447.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 351.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 -(If this v)144 368.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) -144 380.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 +F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 459.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 +(If this v)144 476.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +144 488.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 -392.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E +500.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E (wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108 -404.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 416.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) +512.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 524.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 428.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F -.885(ing from a terminal.)144 440.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 -(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 452.4 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 536.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F +.886(ing from a terminal.)144 548.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 +(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 560.4 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 -F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 464.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 476.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 488.4 -R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 500.4 Q 2.5(su) --.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 512.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 -524.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 -(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 536.4 R +F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 572.4 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 584.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 596.4 +R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 608.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 +G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 620.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 632.4 +R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 +(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 644.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 548.4 S .367(isting stopped job) -.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F -1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -560.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this) -3.805 F(conte)144 572.4 Q 1.133 + for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 656.4 S .366(isting stopped job) +.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F +1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +668.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this) +3.805 F(conte)144 680.4 Q 1.132 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 -(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 -(match the name of a stopped job e)144 584.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) --.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 -(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 596.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 -(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 608.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E -F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 +(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +(match the name of a stopped job e)144 692.4 R .624(xactly; if set to) +-.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 704.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) +-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 716.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E +F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo) --.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 -(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 620.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 632.4 Q(.)-.55 -E F1(histchars)108 644.4 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 656.4 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G -4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F -2.07(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F2(HIST)4.57 E -(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 668.4 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E -3.716(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F3 1.215 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G -1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) -144 680.4 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B -.798(second character is the)3.298 F F3(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 692.4 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 -(ing one string for another in the command.)144 704.4 R .575(The def) -5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 -(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ - that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 716.4 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 728.4 R 1.293 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(18)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 728.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(18)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .38 -(skipped for the remaining w)144 84 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 -(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F -(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Arrays)87 112.8 Q(Bash)108 124.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89 -(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891 -(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391 -(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891(ariable may be used as an) --3.641 F(inde)108 136.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the) --2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e) -.2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073 -(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F .328(an array)108 -148.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr)-.15 G .329 -(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G -2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.329(.I)-.65 G -(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329(rrays are refer)-2.829 -F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 160.8 R 1.595 -(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(identi\214er)144 +84 Q(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)108 96 Q F0 2.07(The tw) +144 108 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07 +(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07(xpansion and tok) +-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.569 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 120 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F/F3 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.216(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character) +3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G 1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798 +(signals the start of a history e)144 132 R .798(xpansion, normally `) +-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798(second character is the)3.298 F F3 +(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 144 Q F0 +(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G .239 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ing one string for another in the command.)144 156 R .575(The def)5.575 +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 +(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ + that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ +char)144 168 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 180 R 1.294 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F +.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 192 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F +.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 204 Q F1(Arrays)87 220.8 Q(Bash) +108 232.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) +-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 244.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.329(an array)108 256.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 +(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 268.8 R +1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 -172.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G +280.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 189.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.963 E F0([)A F2(sub-)A(script)108 201.6 -Q F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F2(subscript)4.389 E F0 -1.549(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o) --7.348 E -.15(ex)108 213.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1 -(declar)4.48 E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 225.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G -(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1(])A F0 -(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E -(Associati)108 242.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E -F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 -259.2 Q .941(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941 -(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 --.18(re)3.44 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F -(attrib)3.44 E(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 271.2 Q -(.)-.65 E 1.647 -(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 288 R -F2(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F2(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F2(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) --4.148 F F2(value)108 300 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F2 -(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F2(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 -(When assigning to inde)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 297.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 309.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A +F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F3(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 +E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E +4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.979 +(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 333.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 +E F1([)A F3(subscript)A F1(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F3 +(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 350.4 Q .3 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 +G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 367.2 Q .94 +(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) +-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E +(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 379.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +(Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 396 R +F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) +-4.147 F F3(value)108 408 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F3 +(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +(When assigning to inde)108 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 -(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 324 R -3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 -(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 -(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 336 Q -(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 352.8 Q -.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) --2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 369.6 R F1(declar) -2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 -(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F2(name)108 -381.6 Q F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]=)A F2(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 +(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 432 R 3.91 +(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) +-3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) +-3.911 F(Inde)108 444 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E +(When assigning to an associati)108 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 +E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 +(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 477.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 +E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108 +489.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F2(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) -4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 393.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E -(of)108 405.6 Q F2(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) +4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 501.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +(of)108 513.6 Q F3(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 -G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 417.6 Q(An)108 434.4 Q -3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.575 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 -(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 -(con\215icts with pathname e)108 446.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2 +G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 525.6 Q(An)108 542.4 Q +3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.576 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 +(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +(con\215icts with pathname e)108 554.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F2(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 -(These subscripts dif)108 458.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 470.4 Q F2(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B -.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 +(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F3(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B +.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.374(of the)108 482.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 -(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F2(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F2(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 -494.4 R F2(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 -(within a w)108 506.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 +1.375(of the)108 590.4 R F2(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 +(ariable, and ${)-.25 F F3(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 +602.4 R F3(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F +2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 +(within a w)108 614.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 -518.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 -F .227(to the e)108 530.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +626.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 +F .228(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 -(\). ${#).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 542.4 -S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F2(name)A F0([)A F2(subscript)A -F0 3.386(]}. If)B F2(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 650.4 +S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A +F0 3.386(]}. If)B F3(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or) 3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886 -(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 554.4 -R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F2(subscript)3.135 E F0 +(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 662.4 +R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295 -(luates to a number).25 F .629 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 566.4 R .929 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G -3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(indices count back from the end of the array)108 578.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G +2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294 +(luates to a number).25 F .628 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 674.4 R .928 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G +3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +(indices count back from the end of the array)108 686.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 -595.2 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G +703.2 R .595(ariable without a subscript is equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .595(lent to referencing the array with a subscript of).25 F 2.5(0. An) -108 607.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 +108 715.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25 E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 624 Q -(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E +F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(19)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 20 20 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(An array v)108 84 +Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 640.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F1 -(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 652.8 S .749 -(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 +.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 100.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 +(alues. ${)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A +F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 112.8 S .75(pand to the indices assigned in array v) +.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 -664.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 -E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 681.6 Q F1(unset) -2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +124.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 141.6 Q F1(unset) +2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 693.6 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474 -(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) --3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) +-.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 153.6 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475 +(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati) +-3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti) .05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615 -(described abo)108 705.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615 -(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614 -(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.614 E F2 -(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 717.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 +G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614 +(described abo)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614 +(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615 +(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.615 E F2 +(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 177.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2 (subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 (or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G -(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(19)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 20 20 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .847 -(When using a v)108 84 R .848(ariable name with a subscript as an ar) --.25 F .848(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 96 R -.345(ord e)-.1 F .345(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.845(,t).15 G .345(he ar)-2.845 F .344 -(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-) -2.844 E(name e)108 108 Q(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E -(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e) --.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re) -3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F -F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074(rray and a)-3.574 F F1<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 -(option to specify an associati)108 136.8 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) +(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .848(When using a v)108 194.4 R .848 +(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .848 +(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C +(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 206.4 R .344(ord e)-.1 F .344 +(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.845(,t).15 G .345 +(he ar)-2.845 F .345(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.845 E(name e)108 218.4 Q +(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E +(The)108 235.2 Q F1(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.574 E F0 +3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G +1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 +(rray and a)-3.573 F F1<ad41>3.573 E F0 .338 +(option to specify an associati)108 247.2 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray) .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) -2.838 F F1<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 -(accepts a)108 148.8 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 +5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +(accepts a)108 259.2 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)108 160.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E -(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 177.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ -rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 189.6 R 3.26 +-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)108 271.2 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E +(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 288 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perform\ +ed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 300 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 -E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .37 -(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 213.6 Q F0(,).24 E F3(arithmetic e) -2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .419(The order of e)108 230.4 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 -(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 242.4 S -.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion.)108 254.4 Q .257 -(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 271.2 R -.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 -E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 283.2 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br) +2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e) +2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369 +(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 324 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)2.5 +E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E +F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 E +.418(The order of e)108 340.8 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 +(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S +.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +-.15 E(sion.)108 364.8 Q .257 +(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 381.6 R +.257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 393.6 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E .002(After these e)108 300 R .003 +-.15 E .003(After these e)108 410.4 R .003 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w) --.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003 -(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 312 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F3(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 -E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 328.8 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191 +-.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002 +(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H +(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1 +E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 439.2 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191 -(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F --.15(ex)108 340.8 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 -F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) --.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.745 -("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 -(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.744 E F3 -(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544 --.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 364.8 S -(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 381.6 -Q F3(Br)108.58 393.6 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 +(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F +-.15(ex)108 451.2 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 +F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) +-.15 F -.15(ex)108 463.2 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.744 +("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245 +(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.745 E F2 +(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 475.2 S +(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 492 Q +F2(Br)108.58 504 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606 (is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F -.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 405.6 Q F3 .415 -(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 +.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 516 Q F2 .415(pathname e) +2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 417.6 R F3(pr)2.651 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 528 R F2(pr)2.652 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 -F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 429.6 R -.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G -.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659 -(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\ -ch resulting string, e)108 441.6 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.) -108 453.6 Q .719(Brace e)108 470.4 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 -F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 +F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 540 R .563 +(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563 +(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\ +ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \ +resulting string, e)108 552 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +564 Q .718(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 +(The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) -108 482.4 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) -108 499.2 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 -(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A -F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F3(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F3(y) -3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 511.2 Q F3(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G +108 592.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0 +(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) +108 609.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 +(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A +F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y) +3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 -523.2 R F3(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F3(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) --2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .078 -(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 -(same width.)108 535.2 R .015(When either)5.015 F F3(x)2.515 E F0(or) -2.515 E F3(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 +633.6 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077 +(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 +(same width.)108 645.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or) +2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 -(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 547.2 R +(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 657.6 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F -(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.064(pands to each character le) -.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E -F3(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 -(that both)108 571.2 R F3(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F3(y)3.483 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 +(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 669.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le) +.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E +F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 +(that both)108 681.6 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) --.25 E(between each term.)108 583.2 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 600 -R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 -(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015 -(are preserv)108 612 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015 -(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016 -(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016 -(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 624 Q(xt of the e) --.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac) -108 640.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must \ -contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F -3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 652.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F -5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 -(unchanged. A)108 664.8 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 -.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255 -(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91 -(sion. T)108 676.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 -(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 688.8 Q -(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ -ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ -gs to be generated is)108 705.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 717.6 Q .3 --.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E(between each term.)108 693.6 Q(The def)5 E +(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 +710.4 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 +(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.209 +(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.209(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209 +(It is strictly te)6.209 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)6.209 E F0 1.209 +(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.208 +(yntactic interpretation to the)-3.709 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(20)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 84 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E -(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 96 Q(cho)144 108 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E -(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618 -(Brace e)108 124.8 R .618 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(conte)108 84 Q +(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) +-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 +(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ +t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441 +(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(unchanged. A)108 124.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E +F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .255(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-) +-.15 E 2.911(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 148.8 Q +(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\ +ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\ +gs to be generated is)108 165.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 177.6 Q .3 +-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 +194.4 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 206.4 Q(cho)144 +218.4 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 +E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 235.2 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F -.618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh) -5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 136.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15 +.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) -3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 160.8 Q F0 -.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 -(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 -(If strict compatibility with)108 172.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 +3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 271.2 Q F0 +.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 +(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +(If strict compatibility with)108 283.2 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 -(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 184.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 295.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 201.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 213.6 R 1.087(ord be) --.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 -1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\ -slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\ -ed a)108 225.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685 -(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\ -\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 237.6 R -.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 249.6 Q -.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 +87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 324 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 +F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087 +('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ + \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) +108 336 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .726 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .523 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 261.6 Q/F4 -9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 273.6 Q .092 -(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 290.4 R .092 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .093 +(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 400.8 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 302.4 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 412.8 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) -5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 314.4 R F2(N)4.141 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) +5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.142 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -326.4 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 338.4 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G -.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 +436.8 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 448.8 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G +.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) -108 350.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 367.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +108 460.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 384 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 494.4 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E -.467(these cases, tilde e)108 396 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 -(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 408 -Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4 -(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E -F1 -.1(Pa)87 424.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 436.8 R -F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F -1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 448.8 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 -(tect the v)108 460.8 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 -(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -472.8 Q 1.189 -(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -489.6 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 -501.6 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15 -(ex)108 513.6 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 530.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(})A 1.204(The v)144 542.4 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204 -(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264 -(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 554.4 R F2(par)4.014 E +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E +.468(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 +518.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +.855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E +(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 535.2 R .023 +(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F +.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 547.2 Q .77 -.15 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0 +.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469 +(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F +-.15(ex)108 559.2 S(cept for the).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0 +(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F2 +(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(Pa)87 576 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 +1.605(The `)108 588 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 600 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 +(tect the v)108 612 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 624 +Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `) +108 640.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189 +(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15 +(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 652.8 R 2.15 +(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 664.8 S +(pansion.).15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205 +(The v)144 693.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F +F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264 +(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 705.6 R F2(par)4.014 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 -(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 566.4 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) -5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 578.4 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 +(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 717.6 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 729.6 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 595.2 R F2(par)2.846 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F -F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G -(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 607.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634 -(lo).25 G 2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F1(Bash) -5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 619.2 R 1.003 -(ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 -(xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 -(alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F .257 -(rather than the v)108 631.2 R .257(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.757 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.757(itself. This)2.757 F .257(is kno)2.757 F .257 -(wn as)-.25 F F2(indir)2.757 E .257(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.257 -(.T)C .257(he v)-5.257 F .258(alue is subject to tilde)-.25 F -.15(ex) -108 643.2 S 2.767(pansion, parameter e).15 F 2.766 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 5.266 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F F2(par)5.266 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.766(is a)5.266 F -.461(nameref, this e)108 655.2 R .461(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F -.461(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(par)2.961 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .462 -(instead of performing the com-)2.961 F 2.419(plete indirect e)108 667.2 -R 4.919(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.919 G 2.418 -(ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.418(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0 4.918(}a)C 2.418(nd ${)-4.918 F F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A .464(described belo)108 679.2 R 4.264 -.65 -(w. T)-.25 H .464(he e).65 F .464 -(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 2.965(wt)-.25 G .465 -(he left brace in order to introduce indi-)-2.965 F(rection.)108 691.2 Q -.334(In each of the cases belo)108 708 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F2(wor)3.484 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334 -(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 -F(and arithmetic e)108 720 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(21)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(21)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.089 -(When not performing substring e)108 84 R 1.089 -(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 G -(e.g.,)-3.589 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)3.59 E -F0 1.09(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 96 Q(Om\ -itting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 -E(${)108 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1<3aad>A -F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .723(Use Default V)144 124.8 R(alues)-.92 E -F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 E F2(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723 -(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F .722(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.562 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.)3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E -(wise, the v)144 136.8 Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 148.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:=)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 2.004(Assign Default V)144 160.8 R(alues)-.92 -E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F2(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005 -(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F 2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.845 E -(d)-.37 E F0 2.005(is assigned to)5.275 F F2(par)144 172.8 Q(ameter)-.15 -E F0 5.279(.T).73 G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.029 -E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .346 +(If the \214rst character of)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)2.846 +E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F +/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 .346(is not a)2.846 F F1(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C +2.847(ti)-2.847 G(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 96 S -2.15 -.25(ev e) +-2.907 H 2.907(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F2(Bash) +5.406 E F0 .406(uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406 +(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F1(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406 +(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F1(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 108 Q F0 +2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F +.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079 +(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F +(original)108 120 Q F1(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043 +(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37 +F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042 +(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15 +(ex)108 132 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 F +2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249 +(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51 +(name of the parameter referenced by)108 144 R F1(par)4.01 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 156 R .387(xceptions to this are the e) +-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A +F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .387 +(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 +E(tion point must immediately follo)108 168 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G +(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E .334 +(In each of the cases belo)108 184.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E(d) +-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e) +-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 +196.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089(When not performing substring e)108 213.6 +R 1.089(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 +G(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 +(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 225.6 Q(Omitti\ +ng the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +(${)108 242.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) +A F2 .723(Use Default V)144 254.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 +E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F +.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 266.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 +(par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 278.4 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 290.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1 +(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F +2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 +(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 +G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F -(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 184.8 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E -(${)108 196.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:?)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A -F1 .535(Display Err)144 208.8 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 -(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F2(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 -(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 220.8 R -.662(fect if)-.25 F F2(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ +(eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 314.4 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E +(${)108 326.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A +F2 .535(Display Err)144 338.4 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 +(.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 +(is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 350.4 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F -(interacti)144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) --2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 244.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:+)A F2 -(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1 .745(Use Alter)144 256.8 R .745(nate V)-.15 F -(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(interacti)144 362.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) +-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 374.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 +(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 386.4 R .745(nate V)-.15 F +(alue)-.92 E F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F1(par)4.495 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .745(is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the e)3.975 F -(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 268.8 Q F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 -(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 280.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 292.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(:)A F2 -(of)A(fset)-.18 E F1(:)A F2(length)A F0(})A F1 .002(Substring Expansion) -144 304.8 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F2(length)2.502 -E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.502 E +(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 398.4 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0 +(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 410.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 422.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1 +(of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) +144 434.4 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 +E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 -(character speci\214ed by)144 316.8 R F2(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 -(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F2(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F1(@)3.582 E +(character speci\214ed by)144 446.4 R F1(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 +(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F1(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F1(*) -3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 328.8 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F2(*) +3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 458.4 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 -(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(length) +(fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) 3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 -(substring of the v)144 340.8 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.542 E +(substring of the v)144 470.4 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F -F2(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) --.15 F .847(end of the v)144 352.8 R(alue.)-.25 E F2(length)5.846 E F0 -(and)3.346 E F2(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F +F1(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) +-.15 F .847(end of the v)144 482.4 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0 +(and)3.346 E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F .846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 364.8 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 388.8 Q F2(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 494.4 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 518.4 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.046(end of the v)144 400.8 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.546 E(ameter) --.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F2(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G +.046(end of the v)144 530.4 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +-.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 412.8 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 424.8 R -.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F2(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +(of)144 542.4 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 554.4 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) -.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 -F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 436.8 Q -.2 -(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F1(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 460.8 Q F2(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 -E F1(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F2(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F2(of) +F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 566.4 Q -.2 +(vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 590.4 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 +E F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 +E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) 2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 472.8 R .6 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .6(is tak)144 602.4 R .6 (en relati)-.1 F .9 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.1(oo).15 G .6 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-3.1 F 3.1(,s)-.4 G 3.1(oa)-3.1 G 3.1(no)-3.1 G -.25(ff)-3.1 G .6(set of \2551 e).25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 484.8 +(va)-.25 G(luates).25 E .639(to the last positional parameter)144 614.4 R 5.639(.I)-.55 G 3.139(ti)-5.639 G 3.139(sa)-3.139 G 3.139(ne)-3.139 G -.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F2(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 -(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 496.8 Q(If)144 520.8 Q F2 +.639(xpansion error if)-3.289 F F1(length)3.14 E F0 -.25(eva)3.14 G .64 +(luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 626.4 Q(If)144 650.4 Q F1 (par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --3.014 F F2(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 -(the array be)144 532.8 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F0([)A F2(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 +-3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 +(the array be)144 662.4 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 (is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo) -.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 544.8 R +.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 674.4 R 3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079 (.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079 -(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F2(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 -(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 556.8 Q(Substring e)144 -580.8 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 604.8 -R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, i\ -n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 616.8 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def) --.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F2(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F1($0)2.806 E F0 -.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 628.8 Q(${)108 645.6 -Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A F0(})A(${)108 657.6 Q F1(!)A F2 -(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084(Names matching pr)144 669.6 R -(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084 -(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258 -(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 681.6 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0 -.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.757 E F0 .257 -(is used and the e)2.757 F .257(xpansion appears)-.15 F -(within double quotes, each v)144 693.6 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E -(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(22)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 +(luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 686.4 Q(Substring e)144 +710.4 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(22)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]}) -A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.035 -(List of array k)144 108 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F2(name) -4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.93 +(Substring inde)144 84 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional\ + parameters are used, in which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 96 Q .307 +(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF($0)2.806 E F0 .306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E +(to the list.)144 108 Q(${)108 124.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2 +(*)A F0(})A(${)108 136.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(@)A F0(})A F2 +.084(Names matching pr)144 148.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) +-2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 160.8 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F +.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 172.8 Q +(ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 +189.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 201.6 Q F2(!)A F1 +(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 213.6 R(eys) +-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) +4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.596(assigned in)144 120 R F2(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F2 +.596(assigned in)144 225.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F1 (name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F2(@)144 132 Q F0 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 237.6 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -148.8 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 160.8 S .47 +254.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 266.4 S .47 (rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) --5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 -(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 -172.8 Q F0(is)4.439 E F1(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F1(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 +(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +278.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 (,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.208 E F2(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 -(array name subscripted by)144 184.8 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) +6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 +(array name subscripted by)144 290.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 (alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F2(par)145.25 196.8 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 (is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 (rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 208.8 R 1.272 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 314.4 R 1.272 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) -144 220.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 -G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 237.6 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 249.6 Q F2 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(##)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 261.6 +144 326.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 +G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 343.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 355.2 Q F1 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(##)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 367.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F -(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 +(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.543(name e)144 273.6 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 -(ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) +.543(name e)144 379.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544 +(ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) 4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under) -144 285.6 Q F1 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E +144 391.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721 (he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 -(then the result of the e)144 297.6 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F -1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E +(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151 +(then the result of the e)144 403.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F +1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144 -309.6 R(`)-.74 E F1(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 -(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(##)A F0 -1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F2(par)3.933 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F1(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 321.6 Q F1(*)3.018 E +415.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184 +(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 +1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 427.2 Q F2(*)3.018 E F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25 G .518 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 333.6 R(If) -6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F -1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*) -3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 345.6 Q -.25 +-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 439.2 R(If) +6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F +1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*) +3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 451.2 Q -.25 (va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 357.6 Q(${)108 -374.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 -386.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo) -144 398.4 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 -E F0 5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F2(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F -.146(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 -410.4 S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F1 -.1(Pa)144 422.4 S(tter) -.1 E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I) --.25 H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092 -(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)-4.592 F 2.092 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 434.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E -F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 -(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F2 +-2.53 F .03(xpansion is the resultant)-.15 F(list.)144 463.2 Q(${)108 +480 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 492 +Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2(Remo)144 +504 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 +5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 516 +S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458 +(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 528 S(tter).1 +E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25 +H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e) +-4.592 F 2.092(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 540 Q +(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65 +(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085 -(matching pattern \(the `)144 446.4 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.565 -.74 -('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 -E F1(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F2 -(par)145.25 458.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 -E F1(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 -G 2.659(lo).25 G .16 +(matching pattern \(the `)144 552 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D +1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2 +(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par) +145.25 564 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2 +(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G +2.659(lo).25 G .16 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51 -(and the e)144 470.4 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If) -5.51 E F2(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F1(*)3.009 E -F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 482.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G +(and the e)144 576 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.51 +E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F2(*)3.009 E +F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 588 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G .422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e) --2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 494.4 Q(${)108 -511.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0 -(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 523.2 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 -E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F +-2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 600 Q(${)108 +616.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0 +(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 628.8 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 +E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-) --.15 E(sion,)144 535.2 Q F2 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 -(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern)3.7 E -F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2 -(string)144 547.2 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 -(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F1 -.1 +-.15 E(sion,)144 640.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2 +(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E +F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F1 +(string)144 652.8 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397 +(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F2 -.1 (Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E -4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 559.2 Q F0(be) -2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 -(ll matches of)-2.569 F F2(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) -2.569 F F2(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 -(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 571.2 R -F2(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F1(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 +4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 664.8 Q F0(be) +2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069 +(ll matches of)-2.569 F F1(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with) +2.569 F F1(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07 +(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 676.8 R +F1(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F2(#)2.58 E F0 2.58 (,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079 -(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 583.2 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F2 -(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.261 E F0 +(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 688.8 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1 +(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0 3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F -.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F2(string)144 595.2 Q F0 .958 -(is null, matches of)3.458 F F2(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 -(are deleted and the)3.458 F F1(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E -F2(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F -F1(nocasematch)144 607.2 Q F0 .492 +.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 700.8 Q F0 .958 +(is null, matches of)3.458 F F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958 +(are deleted and the)3.458 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E +F1(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F +F2(nocasematch)144 712.8 Q F0 .492 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.992 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.) -144 619.2 R(If)5.884 E F2(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F1(@) -3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F1(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 -(he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F 1.002 -(parameter in turn, and the e)144 631.2 R 1.002 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E F2(par)4.752 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002(ariable sub-)-.25 F -.159(scripted with)144 643.2 R F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F1(*)2.659 E -F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member \ -of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F(the e)144 655.2 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 672 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 684 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1 -(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 696 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2 -(pattern)A F0(})A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(23)193.45 -E 0 Cg EP +144 724.8 R(If)5.884 E F1(par)4.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.114 E F2(@) +3.384 E F0(or)3.383 E F2(*)3.383 E F0 3.383(,t)C .883 +(he substitution operation is applied to each positional)-3.383 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(23)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 96 R F0 5.437(.T)C -.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.002 +(parameter in turn, and the e)144 84 R 1.002 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(par)4.752 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002 +(ariable sub-)-.25 F .159(scripted with)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitutio\ +n operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and)-2.659 F +(the e)144 108 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 124.8 Q +F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 136.8 Q F1(par) +A(ameter)-.15 E F2(^^)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 148.8 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 160.8 Q F1(par)A +(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation) +144 172.8 R F0 5.437(.T)C .437(his e)-5.437 F .438 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 108 Q F0 -1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 +2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 184.8 Q +F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 120 S -1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 196.8 +S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 -132 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 +208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 (pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F 5.424(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.424 E F2(^)2.924 E F0 .424(operator con-)2.924 F --.15(ve)144 144 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F +-.15(ve)144 220.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 156 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 -(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F +1.548(letters to lo)144 232.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E +F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 168 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 E -F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 +E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 180 Q F0 .78 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 256.8 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ -n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 192 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 204 R(If)5.469 E F1 +n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 268.8 R +(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 280.8 R(If)5.469 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ -ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 216 Q -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 232.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 244.8 S .86 +ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 292.8 Q +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 309.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 321.6 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 256.8 R F1 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 333.6 R F1 (par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F .153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -268.8 Q F2(Q)144 292.8 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 292.8 R 1.064 +345.6 Q F2(Q)144 369.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 369.6 R 1.064 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) 3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 304.8 Q F2(E)144 316.8 Q F0 .441(The e)180 316.8 R +(reused as input.)180 381.6 Q F2(E)144 393.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 393.6 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 (par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 328.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 340.8 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 340.8 R +-.15(ex)180 405.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 +(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 417.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 417.6 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E -F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 352.8 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 364.8 Q F0 1.138 -(The e)180 364.8 R 1.138 +F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 429.6 Q F2(PR) +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 441.6 Q F0 1.138 +(The e)180 441.6 R 1.138 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F -F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 376.8 Q +F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 453.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 388.8 Q F0 -(The e)180 388.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 465.6 Q F0 +(The e)180 465.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D -(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 405.6 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 417.6 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) +-4.08 F -.15(ex)144 494.4 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If) 5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129 (ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 -429.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 -(The result of the e)144 453.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F +506.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849 +(The result of the e)144 530.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 -F(belo)144 465.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 482.4 Q F1 -1.698(Command substitution)108 494.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +F(belo)144 542.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 559.2 Q F1 +1.698(Command substitution)108 571.2 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 (ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 -(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 506.4 Q F2($\()144 523.2 Q F1 -(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 535.2 Q F2<92>144 547.2 Q F1(command) -A F2<92>A(Bash)108 564 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 583.2 Q F2($\()144 600 Q F1 +(command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 612 Q F2<92>144 624 Q F1(command)A F2 +<92>A(Bash)108 640.8 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088 (xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.588 E F0 .089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command) -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an) -108 576 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)-.25 -F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)108 588 -R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)-.1 F -.192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le)2.692 -E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 600 Q -.25(va)-.25 G -(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 +108 652.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.) +-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b) +108 664.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.) +-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le) +2.692 E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 676.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 +G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ - used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 616.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.314(when follo)108 628.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 + used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 693.6 R(xcept)-.15 E +.314(when follo)108 705.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 <92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 640.8 R 1.387(using the $\() +sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 717.6 R 1.387(using the $\() 3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 (orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G 3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F -(mand; none are treated specially)108 652.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 -(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 669.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H -.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F -(quotes with backslashes.)108 681.6 Q .422 -(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 698.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 -E(24)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(mand; none are treated specially)108 729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 +768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(24)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .894 +(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 84 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H +.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F +(quotes with backslashes.)108 96 Q .422 +(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 112.8 R .422 +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 124.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF +(Arithmetic Expansion)87 141.6 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 153.6 R 1.034 (xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 (luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F -(The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 -124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A -F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 +(The format for arithmetic e)108 165.6 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\() +144 182.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1 +(\)\))A F0(The)108 199.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 +.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 (ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 -(treated specially)108 153.6 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 +(treated specially)108 211.2 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) -.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 -(tution, and quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F +(tution, and quote remo)108 223.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F 1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 177.6 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 194.4 -R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 +-.15(ex)108 235.2 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 252 R +-.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 206.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 264 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) -2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 223.2 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 235.2 Q .405(ocess substitution) +2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 280.8 Q +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 292.8 Q .405(ocess substitution) -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405 -(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 247.2 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 +(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 304.8 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2 (list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751 (nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148 -(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 259.2 R .148 +(This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 316.8 R .148 (gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647 (xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 271.2 R .559 +F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 328.8 R .559 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G (he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56 -(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 283.2 Q .309 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 340.8 Q .309 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0 5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-) --5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 295.2 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) +-5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 352.8 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt) -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0 -(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 312 R -.25(va)-.2 -G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously with pa\ -rameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 324 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 340.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 352.8 R 1.142 +(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 369.6 R -.25(va) +-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\ +h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E +(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 381.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +-.75(Wo)87 398.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 410.4 R 1.142 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 -(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 364.8 Q +(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 422.4 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 -(The shell treats each character of)108 381.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 +(The shell treats each character of)108 439.2 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 (as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) -108 393.6 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F +108 451.2 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F .207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 405.6 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +(,)A .836(the def)108 463.2 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 (<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 (<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 417.6 R .345 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 475.2 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 429.6 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 +-.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 487.2 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -441.6 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 +499.2 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507 E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w) -.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92 -(ter is in the v)108 453.6 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) +(ter is in the v)108 511.2 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an) 3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E 3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921 (that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429 -(along with an)108 465.6 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 +(along with an)108 523.2 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As) 5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428 (whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108 -477.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E +535.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927 -(Explicit null ar)108 494.4 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G -F0(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 +(Explicit null ar)108 552 R 1.927(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0 +(or)3.594 E F1 .833<0808>5.26 G F0 4.427(\)a)C 1.927 (re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-4.427 F(Unquoted) -6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 506.4 R .485 +6.927 E .485(implicit null ar)108 564 R .485 (guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .484 (xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .784 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.984(ov).15 G .484(alues, are remo)-3.234 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.984(d. If).15 F(a)2.984 -E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 518.4 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 +E 1.571(parameter with no v)108 576 R 1.571(alue is e)-.25 F 1.571 (xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F 1.572 (gument results and is retained and)-.18 F .724 -(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 530.4 R .724 +(passed to a command as an empty string.)108 588 R .724 (When a quoted null ar)5.724 F .723(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 F -.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 542.4 S .175 +.723(ord whose)-.1 F -.15(ex)108 600 S .175 (pansion is non-null, the null ar).15 F .176(gument is remo)-.18 F -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. That).15 F .176(is, the w)2.676 F(ord)-.1 E/F5 10 /Courier@0 SF -5.167<ad64082008>2.676 F F0(becomes)2.676 E F5<ad64>2.676 -E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 -554.4 Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 -571.2 Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 -588 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 600 R .371 +E F0 .176(after w)2.676 F .176(ord split-)-.1 F(ting and null ar)108 612 +Q(gument remo)-.18 E -.25(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E(Note that if no e)108 628.8 +Q(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 645.6 +S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 657.6 R .371 (ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371 (option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F .37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 (,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 -(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 612 R .677 +(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 669.6 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 -(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 624 R +(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 681.6 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) 2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F .008 -(are found, and the shell option)108 636 R F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 +(are found, and the shell option)108 693.6 R F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 (is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009 (If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443 -(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 648 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F +(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 705.6 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442 (shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38 -(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 660 R +(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 717.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F1 (nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 -(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 672 R -.05(ga)-.15 G +(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 729.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 -(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 684 R .377 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.354(matched e)108 696 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +(When a pattern is used)5.103 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(25)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 26 26 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .377 +(for pathname e)108 84 R .377(xpansion, the character)-.15 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .378 +(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F 1.354(matched e)108 96 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 3.854(,u)-.65 G 1.354(nless the shell option)-3.854 F F1(dotglob)3.854 E F0 1.354(is set.)3.854 F 1.354(The \214lenames)6.354 F F1 -.63(``)3.854 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)6.354 E F1 -.63(``)3.853 G(..).63 E -.63 ('')-.55 G F0 1.353(must al)6.983 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.353(ys be).1 F .485 -(matched e)108 708 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.985(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.235 G +(matched e)108 108 R(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.985(,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-3.235 G 2.985(ni).15 G(f)-2.985 E F1(dotglob)2.985 E F0 .485(is set.)2.985 F .485(In other cases, the)5.485 F F1 -.63(``)2.985 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .486(character is not treated specially)5.485 F 5.486(.W)-.65 G (hen)-5.486 E .115(matching a pathname, the slash character must al)108 -720 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .114(ys be matched e).1 F .114 -(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .114(ut in)-.2 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(25)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 26 26 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .581 -(other matching conte)108 84 R .581 +120 R -.1(wa)-.1 G .114(ys be matched e).1 F .114 +(xplicitly by a slash in the pattern, b)-.15 F .114(ut in)-.2 F .581 +(other matching conte)108 132 R .581 (xts it can be matched by a special pattern character as described belo) --.15 F 3.081(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.081 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.081 -G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E(Matching)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -.073(See the description of)4.573 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.573 E -F0(belo)2.573 E 2.573(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.573 E F1 .072(SHELL B)2.572 F -(UIL)-.09 E .072(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .072(for a description of the) -2.322 F F3(nocaseglob)108 108 Q F0(,)A F3(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F3 -(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F3(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 124.8 Q F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13 -(shell v)2.38 F .131 +-.15 F 3.081(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.081 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.09(Pa)3.081 +G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E(Matching)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 +.073(See the description of)4.573 F F1(shopt)2.573 E F0(belo)2.573 E +2.573(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.573 E F2 .072(SHELL B)2.572 F(UIL)-.09 E .072 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .072(for a description of the)2.322 F F1 +(nocaseglob)108 156 Q F0(,)A F1(nullglob)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E +F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 +172.8 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13(shell v)2.38 F .131 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E -F1(GLO-)2.631 E(BIGNORE)108 136.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214\ -le name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F1(GLOBIGNORE) -4.515 E F0(is)4.264 E(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G -1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F3 +F2(GLO-)2.631 E(BIGNORE)108 184.8 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214\ +le name that also matches one of the patterns in)4.265 F F2(GLOBIGNORE) +4.515 E F0(is)4.264 E(remo)108 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G +1.414(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1 (nocaseglob)3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F -1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 160.8 Q F0 .147 +1.415(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 208.8 Q F0 .147 (is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F -.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F3 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E -F0(and)5.146 E F3 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 -(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 -172.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 +.146(The \214lenames)5.146 F F1 -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E +F0(and)5.146 E F1 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146 +(are al)5.776 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)108 +220.8 Q F0 .827(is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of) --.25 F .683(enabling the)108 184.8 R F3(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +-.25 F .683(enabling the)108 232.8 R F1(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 (shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) --.15 F F3 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 196.8 Q +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 244.8 Q 1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F -F3 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) --.1 E F3 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 -(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F2(.)A F0(The)108 -208.8 Q F3(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F1 +F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e) +-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185 +(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F3(.)A F0(The)108 +256.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F2 (GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631 -(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 220.8 Q F3 -(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F3 -.1(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).1 E -2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 254.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ +(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 268.8 Q F1 +(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 285.6 S(tter).1 E +2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 302.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\ acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\ ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62 -(itself. The)108 266.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) +(itself. The)108 314.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.) 3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12 (wing character; the)-.25 F .576 -(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 278.4 R .576 +(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 326.4 R .576 (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) --.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 290.4 Q(.)-.65 E -(The special pattern characters ha)108 307.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3(*)144 324 Q F0 .377(Matches an) -180 324 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 -F .376(When the)5.376 F F3(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 -(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 336 Q F3(*)3.275 E F0 .775 +-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 338.4 Q(.)-.65 E +(The special pattern characters ha)108 355.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 372 Q F0 .377(Matches an) +180 372 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 +F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376 +(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 384 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775 (is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw) --.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F3(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 +-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775 (sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\ - or more directories and subdirectories.)180 348 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 -F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F3(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 360 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G -(djacent)-2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C -(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F3(?)144 372 Q F0 -(Matches an)180 372 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3 -([...])144 384 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 384 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 + or more directories and subdirectories.)180 396 R 1.058(If follo)6.058 +F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 408 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G +(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C +(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 420 Q F0 +(Matches an)180 420 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 +([...])144 432 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 432 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 (ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 (air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 396 R F4 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) +(denotes a)180 444 R F4 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr) -3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684 (haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G -.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 408 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 +.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 456 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212 (ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the) -6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 420 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F3 -([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F3(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F3 +6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 468 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F1 +([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F1(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F1 (^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123 (haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 432 R .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 480 R .895 (xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 444 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) -2.625 E F1(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 +180 492 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or) +2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 (ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 456 R .067 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F3([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F --.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F3([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 468 R F3(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F3(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C -2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F3(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F3<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ +F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 504 R .067 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 +(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 516 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 +.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 +.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F1<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 480 R(A)5.193 E F3(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F -(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 492 Q -.4(Wi)180 -510 S(thin).4 E F3([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F3(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15 +180 528 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 540 Q -.4(Wi)180 +558 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15 (ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F3([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F3 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F1 (:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 522 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F3 8.173 -(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 534 R 8.173 -(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 546 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 558 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 -G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F3 -.1 +180 570 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 582 R 8.173 +(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 594 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 +4.29(Ac)180 606 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15 +G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1 (wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E -(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 570 Q -.4(Wi) -180 588 S(thin).4 E F3([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F3(])4.536 E F0 4.536 +(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 618 Q -.4(Wi) +180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536 (,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F3([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F3(=]) +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=]) A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ - collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 600 R -(the character)180 612 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 630 S(thin).4 E F3 -([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F3([.)2.5 -E F4(symbol)A F3(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) -2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 646.8 R F3(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F3(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) + collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 648 R +(the character)180 660 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 678 S(thin).4 E F1 +([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 +E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol) +2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 (xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 -658.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +706.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F3(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) -108 670.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F3(?\()144 694.8 Q F4 -(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F0 -(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 706.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +108 718.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(26)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(*\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E -F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list) -.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 156 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1 -(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 168 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi) --.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108 -184.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968 -(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 +SF(?\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E +F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)) +.833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list).833 +E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 156 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 168 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2 +(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15 +E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E +.968(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F +.968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23 -(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 196.8 R 1.23 +(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 220.8 R 1.23 (Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F (using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108 -208.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 225.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 -E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 237.6 R 1.112 +232.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 249.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 +E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.112 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) 3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 249.6 Q .3 +1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 266.4 Q F0 .545 -(Before a command is e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 290.4 Q F0 .545 +(Before a command is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545 (cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405 -(by the shell.)108 290.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ +(by the shell.)108 314.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\ ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to) --.25 F(dif)108 302.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ +-.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \ the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019 (Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 -(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 314.4 R -.15 +(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 338.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E .215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 -326.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +350.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 .875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G -.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 338.4 Q 2.5 +.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 355.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) -108 367.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 +stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) +108 391.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 379.2 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 403.2 S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 -(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 391.2 Q +(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 415.2 Q F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599 (de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2 (varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599 -(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 403.2 R 1.238 +(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238 (yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238 (wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(himself.)108 415.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 432 R .283(wing description\ +(himself.)108 439.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 456 R .283(wing description\ s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\ -r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 444 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 +r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F -(redirection operator is)108 456 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C +(redirection operator is)108 480 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 472.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +-2.5 E .825(The w)108 496.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 (wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 (wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 484.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 (xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 496.8 R +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 520.8 R .867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 508.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E -(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 525.6 Q -.15 -(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 542.4 Q F1(>)2.5 +(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 549.6 Q -.15 +(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 566.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A -(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 559.2 -Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 576 +(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 583.2 +Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 600 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527 -(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 592.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027 +(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 616.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F -(output before the standard output w)108 604.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 621.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 +(output before the standard output w)108 628.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E +F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) -.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 633.6 R .977 +(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 657.6 R .977 (the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 (is running pro)3.478 F .978 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F -(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 645.6 Q -(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 662.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 -E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 674.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 669.6 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 698.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(27) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 -96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 -E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 +96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr) +-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q +(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 +168 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host) +192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host) 2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 (is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) -2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 (ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 266.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 278.4 Q F2 +108 290.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 302.4 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output) +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output) -.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 340.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 -(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8 +108 364.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8 R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 .824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F --.15(ex)108 364.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +-.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 -(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C .155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) 2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 427.2 R +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 451.2 R .657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 (ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) -5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 (option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642 +492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642 (ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 (xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 (he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 .473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 -504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q +528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q (ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 -(This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -578.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 595.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +602.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 619.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 612 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 624 Q F1(>&)144 636 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 648 Q F1(>&)144 660 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor) +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) -.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G -.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(28)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(28)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3779,7 +3805,7 @@ F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(29)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3903,8 +3929,8 @@ F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 .532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) -.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E --.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 -E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 +E(30)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4044,7 +4070,7 @@ E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le) 5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F (of decreasing precedence.)108 691.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(31)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4144,7 +4170,7 @@ R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) 3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(32)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +714 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(32)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 33 33 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4234,7 +4260,7 @@ F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 679.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 (Tr)144 691.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(33)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(33)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4360,8 +4386,8 @@ ful, or if the command name contains one or more slashes, the shell e) (subshell reinitializes itself, so that the ef)108 722.4 R .329 (fect is as if a ne)-.25 F 2.83(ws)-.25 G .33(hell had been in)-2.83 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.83(dt).1 G 2.83(oh)-2.83 G .33 -(andle the script, with)-2.83 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(34)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(andle the script, with)-2.83 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(34)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4450,7 +4476,7 @@ G 2.858(cation. 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When) (.O)C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc) .1 G .197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) -2.698 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 693.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(35)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(35)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4595,8 +4621,8 @@ G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 686.4 R F3(diso) (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F4(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -727.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(36) -193.45 E 0 Cg EP +727.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(36) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4738,7 +4764,8 @@ R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F (reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 (ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 715.2 Q(xits.) --.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(37)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4839,7 +4866,8 @@ story \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 (pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 F(description of the)108 698.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(38)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4964,8 +4992,8 @@ E F4(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F4 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161 .15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 676.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) 144 700.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E (Meta-Rubout: backw)144 712.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(39)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(Control-o: "> output")144 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(39)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5060,7 +5088,8 @@ E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) -.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F2(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A (readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 708 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(40)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(40)194.555 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5165,8 +5194,8 @@ R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F (ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298 (gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F (can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.) -144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg -EP +144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(41)194.555 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5276,8 +5305,8 @@ E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 .15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 684 Q F0(If set to)144 696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) -.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 -(*)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP +(*)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(42)194.555 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5382,8 +5411,8 @@ F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144 -.2 G 2.815(ilable. 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.633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 +.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) +144 446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) +-.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 +(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.207 +(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.207 E +F2<ad44>3.707 E F0 1.208(option indicates that other supplied options) +3.708 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 494.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 -(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 Q 1.437 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .876 +(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R +(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-) +-3.376 F .447(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 R(The)5.447 E +F2<ad49>2.947 E F0 .448 +(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F 1.335 +(should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment w)144 530.4 R +1.334(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F .43(delimiter such as) +144 542.4 R F2(;)2.93 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(|)2.93 E F0 2.93(,w)C .431 +(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.93 F .431 +(If multiple options are sup-)5.431 F .708(plied, the)144 554.4 R F2 +<ad44>3.208 E F0 .708(option tak)3.208 F .708(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208 +F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .707(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2 +<ad49>3.207 E F0 5.707(.I)C 3.207(fa)-5.707 G 1.007 -.15(ny o)-3.207 H +(f).15 E F2<ad44>3.207 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 566.4 Q F0 2.603(,o)C(r) +-2.603 E F2<ad49>2.603 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 +G(ther)-2.603 E F3(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103 +(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F +(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 578.4 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -542.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 -554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +602.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +614.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 638.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 -(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) -144 590.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E -F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion before the)144 602.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 614.4 Q -F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 626.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F2<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) +144 650.4 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F2<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E +F2<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(sion before the)144 662.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 674.4 Q +F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 686.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 -(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 638.4 Q F3 -(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 650.4 Q F0 -.281(Perform the rest of the def)224 662.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E -F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -674.4 Q F2(default)184 686.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 686.4 R 5.376 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 -(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(58)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP +(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 698.4 Q F3 +(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(58)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 59 59 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name completion if th\ -e compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames)184 108 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \214lenam\ -es, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134 -(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 -(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 -(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45 -(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(noquote) -184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 168 S .814 +SF(bashdefault)184 84 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 96 R +(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281 +(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 108 Q F1 +(default)184 120 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 120 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G(ef) +-5.375 E 2.876(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no) +-.1 F(matches.)224 132 Q F1(dir)184 144 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform direc\ +tory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 156 Q F1 +(\214lenames)184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 180 S .137(ll readline that the co\ +mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 +G(le-)-2.636 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 192 R 2.634 +(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F +.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 204 R .45 +(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 216 Q F1(noquote) +184 228 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 228 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F -(\214lenames is the def)224 180 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 192 Q F0 --.7(Te)224 192 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ -ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 204 S +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +(\214lenames is the def)224 240 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 252 Q F0 +-.7(Te)224 252 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ +ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 264 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 264 S .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1 -F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 216 Q F1 -(plusdirs)184 228 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 228 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 +F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 276 Q F1 +(plusdirs)184 288 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 288 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 240 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 -(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 252 -Q F1<ad41>144 264 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 276 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 300 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 312 +Q F1<ad41>144 324 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 336 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E (wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184 -288 Q F0(Alias names.)224 288 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 300 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 312 Q -(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 324 Q(Readline)224 324 Q F0 -.1 -(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 336 S(iltin) -.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 336 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 348 -Q F0(Command names.)224 360 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 372 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 384 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 396 -Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 408 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 -420 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 420 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 -432 Q F0(Names of e)224 432 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) +348 Q F0(Alias names.)224 348 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 360 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 372 Q +(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 384 Q(Readline)224 384 Q F0 -.1 +(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 396 S(iltin) +.2 E F0(Names of shell b)224 396 Q(uiltin commands.)-.2 E +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 408 +Q F0(Command names.)224 420 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 432 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 444 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 456 +Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 468 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 +480 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 480 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 +492 Q F0(Names of e)224 492 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May) -.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 -444 Q F0(File names.)224 444 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 456 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 468 -Q F1(gr)184 480 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 480 Q +504 Q F0(File names.)224 504 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1(function)184 516 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 528 +Q F1(gr)184 540 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 540 Q (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184 -492 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 504 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 516 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 528 +552 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 564 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 576 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 588 Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 540 Q F0 -(Job names, if job control is acti)224 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G -(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 552 S -(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 564 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) +(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 600 Q F0 +(Job names, if job control is acti)224 600 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G +(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 612 S +(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 624 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May) -.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184 -576 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 576 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 588 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 588 -Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 600 -Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 600 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 +636 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 648 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 648 +Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 660 +Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 660 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 -(shopt)184 612 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 612 Q F1 -(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 624 Q F0 -(Signal names.)224 624 Q F1(stopped)184 636 Q F0 -(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G -(.).15 E F1(user)184 648 Q F0(User names.)224 648 Q -(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 660 S -(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 660 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F -(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 672 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 684 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 -(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 696 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(59)193.45 E 0 Cg -EP +(shopt)184 672 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 672 Q F1 +(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 684 Q F0 +(Signal names.)224 684 Q F1(stopped)184 696 Q F0 +(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 696 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G +(.).15 E F1(user)184 708 Q F0(User names.)224 708 Q +(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(59)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 60 60 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad46>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 .113 -(The shell function)184 96 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F +SF -.1(va)184 84 S(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 84 Q 2.5 +(ariables. May)-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A +F1<ad43>144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 108 Q +F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F +1.056(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F +(completions.)184 120 Q F1<ad46>144 132 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +(The shell function)184 144 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 108 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 156 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 -(are being completed, the second ar)184 120 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 +(are being completed, the second ar)184 168 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 132 R .104 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) --2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 144 R -.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) --.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 156 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 168 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 -(The pathname e)184 180 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) --.15 F(tions.)184 192 Q F1<ad50>144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 216 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 180 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 192 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 204 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 216 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 +(The pathname e)184 228 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +-.15 F(tions.)184 240 Q F1<ad50>144 252 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) +184 264 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F --.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 228 Q F1<ad53>144 240 Q F2(suf)2.5 E -<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 240 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 276 Q F1<ad53>144 288 Q F2(suf)2.5 E +<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 288 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 -E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 252 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 -(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98 -(each resultant w)184 276 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15 -F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 -3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 288 Q .766 -(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765 +E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 300 Q F2(wor)2.5 E +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 312 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .981 +(each resultant w)184 324 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell) +-.15 F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 +E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 336 Q .765 +(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766 (ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25 -(va)184 300 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(va)184 348 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 1.964 (The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which) -6.464 F(match the w)184 312 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 324 -Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 336 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 -(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 348 R 1.596 -(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 360 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 -(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 372 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G +6.465 F(match the w)184 360 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 372 +Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 384 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 396 R 1.596 +(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 408 Q F2(\214lterpat) +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 420 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 388.8 R .466 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 436.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 400.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 412.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 448.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 460.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E -F1(compopt)108 429.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C -F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 441.6 R -F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 453.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 -(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 465.6 Q F2(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +F1(compopt)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C +F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 489.6 +R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 501.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 513.6 Q F2(name) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 477.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) --5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 -(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 489.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 525.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.677 G .177(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he) +-5.178 E F1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178 +(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F +1.228(the `)144 537.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 501.6 R 2.178 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) -144 513.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G -(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.387(The return v)144 537.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +no)-3.728 F 2.038(completion has pre)144 549.6 R 2.038 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.039 +(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.539 +(should apply to `)144 561.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.039('c)-.74 G 1.538 +(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.) +-4.039 F(The)144 573.6 Q F1<ad49>3.205 E F0 .705(option indicates that \ +other supplied options should apply to completion on the inital non-) +3.205 F .868(assignment w)144 585.6 R .868 +(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368 +E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.367(,w)C .867(hich is usually com-) +-3.367 F(mand name completion.)144 597.6 Q 1.387(The return v)144 621.6 +R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F -(options for a)144 549.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 +(options for a)144 633.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E -(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 566.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 578.4 R 1.754 +(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 650.4 Q F0([) +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 662.4 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 (select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 590.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 674.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F5 10 /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 (is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 -(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 602.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 +(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 686.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 (The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 614.4 Q F1(declar)108 631.2 -Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 -(typeset)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 655.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) -3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 667.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 679.2 Q F2(name)2.774 E -F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) -2.775 F(without)144 691.2 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 703.2 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 -715.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 -(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 -727.2 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ -of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 -Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(60)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(60)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .948 -(name and attrib)144 84 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the)5.948 -F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(declar)108 84 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C +F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A +F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 +E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 108 R +1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib) +.15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C +1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265 +(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 120 S +3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 132 Q F2(name)2.774 E F0 +(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1<ad66> +2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275(re ignored.) +-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)2.775 F +(without)144 144 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 156 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)-.2 +F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 E F0 +(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 168 R +.62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12(ariables. The) +-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62(option will restrict the display)3.12 F +1.29(to shell functions.)144 180 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(o\ +ption inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only the function) +3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 192 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948 +(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 -96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.19 E F0 1.69 -(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0 -(option)4.19 E(implies)144 108 Q F1<ad66>3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 -E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 +204 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F +(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 216 Q F1<ad66> +3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391 +(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 120 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 228 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 (is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F 1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F -(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 132 R +(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 240 R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F -1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 144 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 -<ad61>144 156 Q F0(Each)180 156 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 +1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 252 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1 +<ad61>144 264 Q F0(Each)180 264 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 -E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 168 Q F0(Each)180 -168 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) +E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 276 Q F0(Each)180 +276 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v) .15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G -(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 180 Q F0(Use function names only)180 180 Q(.)-.65 -E F1<ad69>144 192 Q F0 .557(The v)180 192 R .558 +(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 288 Q F0(Use function names only)180 288 Q(.)-.65 +E F1<ad69>144 300 Q F0 .557(The v)180 300 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 (va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 -(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 204 Q F0(abo)2.25 +(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 312 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E -(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 216 Q F0 .91 -(When the v)180 216 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 324 Q F0 .91 +(When the v)180 324 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 228 R -(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 240 Q -F0(Gi)180 240 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 336 R +(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 348 Q +F0(Gi)180 348 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the) 3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.519(That other v)180 252 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F +1.519(That other v)180 360 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F 1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 264 Q .226 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 372 Q .226 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 (xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F1<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 276 R +2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 384 R .809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D 3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 -F(applied to array v)180 288 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 300 Q F0 -(Mak)180 300 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E +F(applied to array v)180 396 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 408 Q F0 +(Mak)180 408 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E 7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F -2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 312 -Q F1<ad74>144 324 Q F0(Gi)180 324 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 +2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 420 +Q F1<ad74>144 432 Q F0(Gi)180 432 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2 (name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 -(traps from the calling shell.)180 336 Q(The trace attrib)5 E -(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 348 -Q F0 .909(When the v)180 348 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +(traps from the calling shell.)180 444 Q(The trace attrib)5 E +(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 456 +Q F0 .909(When the v)180 456 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 360 R(lo)2.5 -E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 372 Q -F0(Mark)180 372 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E +(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 468 R(lo)2.5 +E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 480 Q +F0(Mark)180 480 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E (xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 388.8 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 496.8 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 (he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 (xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 -(to destro)144 400.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +(to destro)144 508.8 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) -3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) 3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 -(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 412.8 Q F1 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 520.8 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 (command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.282 -(is supplied.)144 424.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 +(is supplied.)144 532.8 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283 (ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783 (,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283 (ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 -436.8 R F1<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F1<ad41>3.427 E F0 .926 +544.8 R F1<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F1<ad41>3.427 E F0 .926 (and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 -(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 448.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 +(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 556.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592 (ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592 (alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 460.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C +144 568.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C 2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144 -472.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 +580.8 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 (ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 -(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 484.8 R F1 +(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 592.8 R F1 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F2(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 496.8 S .171 +F2(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 604.8 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 -(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 508.8 R 3.46(fa) +(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 616.8 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 -(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 520.8 Q +(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 628.8 Q (xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 537.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 549.6 S .328 +(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 645.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 657.6 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) .4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 -(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 561.6 R 1.238 -(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 573.6 Q +(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 669.6 R 1.238 +(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 681.6 Q F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F1(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 -F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 585.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G -(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 597.6 Q F0 -(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 597.6 Q -F1<ad6c>144 609.6 Q F0 .882 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 609.6 R .881 +F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 693.6 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G +(ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F1<ad63>144 705.6 Q F0 +(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 705.6 Q +F1<ad6c>144 717.6 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 717.6 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 -621.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 633.6 Q F0 -(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad76> -144 645.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 645.6 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 -(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 657.6 Q F1(+)144 669.6 Q F2(n)A F0 -1.565(Displays the)180 669.6 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 681.6 Q F1<ad>144 693.6 Q F2 -(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 693.6 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 705.6 Q 1.707(The return v)144 -722.4 R 1.707(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.707 -(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)4.207 E F0(inde)4.206 E -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.206(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-4.206 G 1.706(ond the end of the).15 F -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(61)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(61) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(directory stack.) -144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 100.8 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(jobspec)-2.5 E F0(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 -112.8 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2 -(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j) --.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122 -(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 124.8 R F1<ad61>2.596 -E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096 -(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 -.096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096 -(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F F2(jobspec) -145.74 136.8 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.085(df).15 G -.585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F .585(ed so that)-.1 -F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 -(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 148.8 R -.15 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad70>144 84 Q F0(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.) +180 84 Q F1<ad76>144 96 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one en\ +try per line, pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 96 R 2.773(xi) +-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 108 Q F1(+)144 120 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 1.565(Displays the)180 120 R F2(n)4.065 E F0 +1.565(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 +E(without options, starting with zero.)180 132 Q F1<ad>144 144 Q F2(n)A +F0 1.194(Displays the)180 144 R F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F +F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +(without options, starting with zero.)180 156 Q .258(The return v)144 +172.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 +(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) +.15 F(tory stack.)144 184.8 Q F1(diso)108 201.6 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 +(... |)2.5 E F2(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 213.6 S .121 +(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec) +4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H +2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 +F .096(neither the)144 225.6 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F +F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E +.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1 +<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) +.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 237.6 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 +(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 249.6 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1 <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 160.8 R F1 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 261.6 R F1 <ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0 (ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 172.8 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 273.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E -F1(echo)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 201.6 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E +F1(echo)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 302.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 (wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 -(error occurs.)144 213.6 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 +(error occurs.)144 314.4 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 (is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 -225.6 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) +326.4 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) 6.348 E F1<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 -(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 (ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -249.6 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +350.4 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 (shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 -(these escape characters by def)144 261.6 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E +(these escape characters by def)144 362.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716 (to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0 -(interprets the follo)144 273.6 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) -144 285.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 285.6 Q F1(\\b)144 297.6 Q F0 -(backspace)180 297.6 Q F1(\\c)144 309.6 Q F0(suppress further output)180 -309.6 Q F1(\\e)144 321.6 Q(\\E)144 333.6 Q F0(an escape character)180 -333.6 Q F1(\\f)144 345.6 Q F0(form feed)180 345.6 Q F1(\\n)144 357.6 Q -F0(ne)180 357.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 369.6 Q F0 -(carriage return)180 369.6 Q F1(\\t)144 381.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 -381.6 Q F1(\\v)144 393.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 393.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 -(\\\\)144 405.6 Q F0(backslash)180 405.6 Q F1(\\0)144 417.6 Q F2(nnn)A -F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 417.6 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 +(interprets the follo)144 374.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a) +144 386.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 386.4 Q F1(\\b)144 398.4 Q F0 +(backspace)180 398.4 Q F1(\\c)144 410.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180 +410.4 Q F1(\\e)144 422.4 Q(\\E)144 434.4 Q F0(an escape character)180 +434.4 Q F1(\\f)144 446.4 Q F0(form feed)180 446.4 Q F1(\\n)144 458.4 Q +F0(ne)180 458.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 470.4 Q F0 +(carriage return)180 470.4 Q F1(\\t)144 482.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 +482.4 Q F1(\\v)144 494.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 494.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1 +(\\\\)144 506.4 Q F0(backslash)180 506.4 Q F1(\\0)144 518.4 Q F2(nnn)A +F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 518.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1 -(\\x)144 429.6 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 429.6 Q +(\\x)144 530.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 530.4 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 441.6 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 453.6 R 1.506 +(\\u)144 542.4 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 554.4 R 1.506 (alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 465.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 477.6 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 489.6 R .547 +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 566.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 578.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 590.4 R .547 (alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.048 E(HHH)180 501.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G -(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 518.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C +3.048 E(HHH)180 602.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G +(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 530.4 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 631.2 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 (uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 -(the same name as a shell b)144 542.4 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 +(the same name as a shell b)144 643.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 -(the shell normally searches for b)144 554.4 R .989 +(the shell normally searches for b)144 655.2 R .989 (uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 (is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 -(abled; otherwise,)144 566.4 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) +(abled; otherwise,)144 667.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082 -G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 578.4 R .081(uiltin v) +G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 679.2 R .081(uiltin v) -.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test) 2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 -(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 590.4 S 1.524 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 691.2 S 1.524 (iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 -(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 602.4 Q F1<ad64> +(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 703.2 Q F1<ad64> 2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F .367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) -5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 614.4 R F1<ad70> +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 715.2 R F1<ad70> 2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 -626.4 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 +727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 (is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 -(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 638.4 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 -(enabled. If)144 650.4 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F -(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 662.4 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 -674.4 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 691.2 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 703.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C -.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F -.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 715.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 -(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 -(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) --2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 727.2 Q -(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(62)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 63 63 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.916 +(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 84 R 1.916 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 96 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(special)2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The) +.2 F .378(return v)2.878 F(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 108 R F2 +(name)3.854 E F0 .994(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994 +(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995 +(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 120 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 +136.8 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 148.8 +Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C .671 +(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67 +(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 +(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) +-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q +(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 +(exec)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 +(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 201.6 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 (is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 (wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 108 R .176(guments to) --.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1 -<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 213.6 R .176 +(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G +(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 (option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 -(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F -F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E -(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 .499 -(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .638(to be e) -3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 237.6 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 (is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) -3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe) --.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077 -(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F -(non-interacti)144 156 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576 -(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 249.6 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 +1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) +.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 (shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 -F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 168 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25 -H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 -(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 180 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1 -(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 +F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 273.6 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82 +(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 285.6 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 +-.1(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287 (is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak) -2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,) -.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 192 Q +.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 297.6 Q (If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G -(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .096(xit with a status of) +(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .096(xit with a status of) -.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 (is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) --.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 +-.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 +(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 261.6 R +F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 355.2 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 367.2 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.627 E F1 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.627 E F1 <ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the) .15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no) 5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126 -(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 285.6 Q F0 .048 +(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 391.2 Q F0 .048 (option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v) -.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0 -.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.447 +.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 403.2 S 1.447 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .741(lue of the v) +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 415.2 S .741(lue of the v) .25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 (export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 (xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) -.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 427.2 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 (is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 -(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 -E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 439.2 Q F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E +F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 -362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 +468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 -(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 374.4 R F2<8c72> +(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 480 R F2<8c72> 4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 (from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 -386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 398.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 -F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19 -(is used as an of)144 410.4 R .19 -(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779 -E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E .948 -(rent command for listing \(so that)144 422.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948 -(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) -144 434.4 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E -(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 458.4 -Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 +144 504 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F +2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .19(is used as an of) +144 516 R .19(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E +F2(last)2.779 E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F +(-)-.2 E .948(rent command for listing \(so that)144 528 R/F4 10 +/Courier@0 SF .948(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948 +(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E +F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)144 540 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E +F0(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E +(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q +F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022 (option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 -(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 470.4 R .438(If the) -5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 +(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438 +F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.335(the editor gi)144 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E -F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835 -(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 -F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 494.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E -F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 -F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 -(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 506.4 R .951 +.335(the editor gi)144 588 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2 +(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F +(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 600 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 +-.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25 F +F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631 +(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 612 R .951 (ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95 (When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F --.15(exe)144 518.4 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 542.4 R -F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +-.15(exe)144 624 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 648 R F2 +(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 (is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789 -E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> +E(mand)144 660 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72> 2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171 (useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0 -2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 566.4 Q F4 7.165 -(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 672 Q F4 7.165(rc) +3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 (ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r) 3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F -(mand.)144 578.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 -602.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 +(mand.)144 684 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 708 +R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 614.4 -R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 +E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 720 R +.454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 (option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 -(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 -(cuted or f).15 F .787 +(alue of the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(63) +194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 64 64 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .788 +(last command e)144 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 -(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 650.4 Q -(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E -(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 679.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 -(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 -(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 691.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G -.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 -(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 703.2 Q +96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 108 Q +(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.5 E +F0(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(fg)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)144 136.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413 +(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913 +(tt)-3.913 G 1.413(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1 +(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 148.8 Q +3.116(sn)-.55 G .616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job) +-.37 F F0 .617(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 +(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 160.8 Q .363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 (ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 -(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 715.2 Q -F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0 +(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 172.8 Q +F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(63)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 64 64 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optstring name)2.5 E F0([) -2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144 96 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2 +F2(getopts)108 189.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) +-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144 201.6 Q F0 .793 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 (optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .149 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 213.6 R .149 (wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .578 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 225.6 Q .578 (gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 -(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665 -(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts) +(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 237.6 R 1.665 +(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts) 4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 -(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 3.296 -(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e) -3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G -.797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085 +(option in the shell v)144 249.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 +3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 261.6 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND) 4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 -(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 -(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1 +(or a shell script is in)144 273.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 +(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F2 (getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 -(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 -.803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(into the v)144 285.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 (automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 -(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 +(reset between multiple calls to)144 297.6 R F2(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q -2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543 -E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 -(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 309.6 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 333.6 R F2(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 +(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 345.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G -(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.392 +(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 369.6 Q F0 2.392 (normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 (ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144 -276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.166 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F2(getopts)144 +381.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 405.6 Q F0 1.166 (can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 -(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 -(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.071 +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 +(reporting is used.)144 417.6 R 1.071 (In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 324 -R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 -G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.) -2.72 E .666(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,) -.25 F F1(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E -F0 .667(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4 -(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1 -(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399 -(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 -E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 -384 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.241(gument is not found, and) --.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \() -3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242 -(laced in)-3.742 F F2(name)144 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 -E F0 .234(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If) -5.234 E F1(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1 -(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 -E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 -E F1(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902 +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +429.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 441.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 465.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +477.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 489.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +513.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F F1(name)144 525.6 +Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E F2 +(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F2(:).833 E +F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 537.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3 +(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2 +(getopts)144 561.6 Q F0 .902 (returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) 3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F -(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8 -Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E -F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 -(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name) +(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 573.6 Q F2(hash)108 +590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename) +2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A +.858(Each time)144 602.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 -(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 +(the directories in)144 614.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 520.8 -R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 626.4 +R F2<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 (\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 -(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 +(of the command.)144 638.4 R(The)6.711 E F2<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 (option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64>4.212 E F0 -.833(option causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .833 -(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) -C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 556.8 R F2(name) +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F2<ad64>4.212 E F0 +.833(option causes the shell to for)144 650.4 R .833 +(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) +C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F2<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 662.4 R F1(name) 3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F -F2(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 -568.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0 -.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1 +F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +674.4 R F2<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 +.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F2 <ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -580.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 592.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 +686.4 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 698.4 Q F2<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 (is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F -.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 604.8 Q F2(name)2.86 +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 710.4 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) -.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 -633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 -645.6 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 -(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1 -<ad64>144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 669.6 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) -180 681.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G -(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 693.6 Q F0 -(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 693.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 -E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2 -(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(64)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(64)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1(])A(history \255c) -108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F1 -(history \255d)108 120 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 -(history \255anrw)108 132 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 -(history \255p)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.) --.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 156 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 168 S .752 +SF(help)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866 +(Display helpful information about b)144 96 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 +F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help) +3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E +.307(help on all commands matching)144 108 R F2(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807 +(;o).24 G .307(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 +(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1 +<ad64>144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 132 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each)180 +144 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)-2.5 +E F1<ad73>144 156 Q F0(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 +156 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0 +(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 172.8 Q F2 +(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 189.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A +(history \255c)108 201.6 Q(history \255d)108 213.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset) +-.18 E F1(history \255d)108 225.6 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1 +(history \255anrw)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1 +(history \255p)108 249.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5 +(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 261.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g) +-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 +273.6 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 180 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 285.6 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 192 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 297.6 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 (is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F2 (strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 -(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 204 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G +(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 309.6 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 -(time stamp and the history line.)144 216 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) +(time stamp and the history line.)144 321.6 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename) 2.676 E F0 .176 (is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F -(not, the v)144 228 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25 -E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 240 Q F0 -(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 240 Q F1<ad64> -144 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 -(Delete the history entry at position)180 264 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 -E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)-2.889 -G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 276 R -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 -(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 288 Q 2.5(,a) +(not, the v)144 333.6 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.) +2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 345.6 Q F0 +(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 345.6 Q F1 +<ad64>144 357.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39 +(Delete the history entry at position)180 369.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset) +-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne) +2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti) +-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 +381.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599 +(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 393.6 Q 2.5(,a) -.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 -<ad64>144 300 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758 -(Delete the history entries between positions)180 312 R F2(start)3.258 E -F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne).15 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E -F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 +<ad64>144 405.6 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758 +(Delete the history entries between positions)180 417.6 R F2(start)3.258 +E F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve) +-.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne) +.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 429.6 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H +(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0 (are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61> -144 336 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 336 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h) --.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 -(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 348 Q +144 441.6 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 441.6 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064 +('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565 +(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 453.6 Q (ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E -(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 360 Q -F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\ - into the current history list.)180 360 R .772 -(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 372 R +(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 465.6 +Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ +le into the current history list.)180 465.6 R .772 +(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 477.6 R .773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E -(sion.)180 384 Q F1<ad72>144 396 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \ -\214le and append them to the current history list.)180 396 Q F1<ad77> -144 408 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 -408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 420 Q F0 .626 -(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 420 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar) -3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F -2.975(output. Does)180 432 R .475 +(sion.)180 489.6 Q F1<ad72>144 501.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ +ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 501.6 Q F1 +<ad77>144 513.6 Q F0 +(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 513.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G +(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 525.6 Q F0 .626 +(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 525.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2 +(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) +3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 537.6 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F -(normal history e)180 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 456 Q F0 .363 -(Store the)180 456 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(normal history e)180 549.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 561.6 Q F0 +.363(Store the)180 561.6 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 (in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 -(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 468 Q -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 484.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 573.6 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 +(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 590.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) -.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 496.8 R .669 +.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 602.4 R .669 (ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 508.8 R .956 +(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 614.4 R .956 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 (wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 -(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 520.8 R 1.795 +(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 626.4 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ +1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 638.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \ option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\ -tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 544.8 Q(fset) +tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 650.4 Q(fset) -.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 <ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 556.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 573.6 Q F0([) +<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 662.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 679.2 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1 -(jobs \255x)108 585.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 -E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 597.6 Q .3 -.15 +(jobs \255x)108 691.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 +E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 703.2 Q .3 -.15 (ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 609.6 Q F0 -(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 609.6 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 621.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 621.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad70> -144 645.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 645.6 Q 2.5(sp) --.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 657.6 Q F0 -(Display only running jobs.)180 657.6 Q F1<ad73>144 669.6 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 669.6 Q(If)144 686.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 -E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 698.4 Q -.25 -(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 715.2 R F1 -<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0 -.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 -(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 727.2 Q --.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar) -2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(65)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 715.2 Q F0 +(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 715.2 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(65)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec) -2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2 -(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 -(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 +SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)180 +84 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F .194 +(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 96 Q F1<ad70>144 108 Q +F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 108 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 120 Q F0 +(Display only running jobs.)180 120 Q F1<ad73>144 132 Q F0 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8 Q/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.314(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313 +(.T)-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 160.8 Q +-.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 +177.6 R F1<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs) +2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394 +(found in)3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 +E F0 .395(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 +189.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E +F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.) +-.15 E F1(kill)108 206.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|) +2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A +F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..) +-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 218.4 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec) +A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 +(Send the signal named by)144 230.4 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2 (signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) -2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 242.4 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 254.4 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0 1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 144 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F -F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523 -F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F -F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names) -.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R .28 -(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2 --.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 168 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1 -<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 +1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 266.4 Q .522(gument of)-.18 +F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) +5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) +.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 +(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 278.4 +R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E +F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 290.4 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F +F1<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 (is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R -(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 302.4 +R(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E -(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1 -E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 +(successfully sent, or f)144 314.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) +-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 331.2 Q +F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 +343.2 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 (xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 (ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar) +2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 355.2 Q F2(ar) 2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0 -(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 -E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F +(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 372 Q F0([)2.5 E +F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C +(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 384 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo) --.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar) -3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 396 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 +G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 +E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H -.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 -(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1 +408 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422 +(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If) +5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 +(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 420 R F1 (local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 309.6 R F1(set)4.063 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 432 R F1(set)4.063 E +F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 (iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 321.6 R 1.243 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 444 R 1.243 (ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 (writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 (ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 -(error to use)144 333.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 +(error to use)144 456 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) -144 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or) -2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout) -108 362.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 362.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 379.2 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) +144 468 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68 +E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108 +484.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 484.8 Q F1(map\214le)108 501.6 Q F0 +([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73> -2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75> -2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E -(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 391.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 +(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 513.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5 (][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2 (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 403.2 R +(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 525.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2 (arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 415.2 R +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 537.6 R F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F (ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 439.2 Q F0 .91 -(The \214rst character of)180 439.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 +-6.248 F(ha)144 549.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 561.6 Q F0 .91 +(The \214rst character of)180 561.6 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 451.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 573.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character) -2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 463.2 Q F0(Cop)180 463.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 +2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 585.6 Q F0(Cop)180 585.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5 (tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count) -2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 475.2 Q F0(Be)180 -475.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 +2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 597.6 Q F0(Be)180 +597.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5 -(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 487.2 Q F0 -(Discard the \214rst)180 487.2 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 -<ad74>144 499.2 Q F0(Remo)180 499.2 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 +(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 609.6 Q F0 +(Discard the \214rst)180 609.6 Q F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1 +<ad74>144 621.6 Q F0(Remo)180 621.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing).15 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0(\(def)2.5 E(ault ne)-.1 E -(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 511.2 Q F0 -(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 511.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 523.2 Q F0(Ev)180 -523.2 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 +(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 633.6 Q F0 +(Read lines from \214le descriptor)180 633.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 645.6 Q F0(Ev)180 +645.6 Q(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2 (quantum)2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 -(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 535.2 -Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 535.2 Q -F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 552 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 -(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 +(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 657.6 +Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 657.6 Q +F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 674.4 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 +.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 564 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G -2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\ -ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 -(as additional ar)144 576 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 686.4 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 698.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 (luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 -(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 588 Q -(If not supplied with an e)144 604.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 +(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 710.4 Q +(If not supplied with an e)144 727.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 621.6 Q F0 1.905 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 633.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(popd)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) -.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 -(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G -.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 -674.4 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 -F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 686.4 Q F1<ad6e>144 698.4 Q F0 .551 -(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 698.4 R .551 -(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F -(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(66)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(66)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 -G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1 -(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 96 -S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0(remo) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E -F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 108 Q F2(n)A F0(Remo)180 -108 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 1.259 -(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F -F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5(zero. F) -180 120 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 -E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 136.8 R F1(popd) -3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644 -(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 -E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G -.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +SF(map\214le)144 84 Q F0 1.905(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.905(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906 +(gument is supplied,)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(arr)4.406 E(ay)-.15 +E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 96 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid or unassignable, or if).25 +E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da) +.15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 +2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 +124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se).15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.) +-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478 +(stack, and performs a)144 136.8 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne) +3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18 +(rg)-6.479 G 1.479(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H +1.479(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 148.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 160.8 +Q F0 .551(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 160.8 +R .551(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F +(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 172.8 Q F1(+)144 184.8 Q F2(n)A +F0(Remo)180 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E +F0 .14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 +F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 +196.8 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) +-.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 208.8 Q F2(n)A F0 +(Remo)180 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 +(zero. F)180 220.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 +(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 +237.6 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1 +(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.) +3.143 F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 249.6 R .416 +(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 (,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F -(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q -(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 +(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 261.6 Q +(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 278.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 (])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 -(Write the formatted)144 189.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(Write the formatted)144 290.4 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 (to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126 -(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 201.6 R(ariable) +(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 302.4 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 213.6 Q(The)144 237.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 314.4 Q(The)144 338.4 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 +er escape sequences, which are con)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 261.6 R .037 -(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 273.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 362.4 R .037 +(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 374.4 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 (printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 -E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 285.6 Q -(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q F1(printf) +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 386.4 Q +(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 398.4 Q F0(causes)180 398.4 Q F1(printf) 2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 309.6 Q(ay as) --.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 321.6 Q F0(causes)180 321.6 Q +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 410.4 Q(ay as) +-.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 422.4 Q F0(causes)180 422.4 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F -(input.)180 333.6 Q F1(%\()144 345.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 357.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(input.)180 434.4 Q F1(%\()144 446.4 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) +180 458.4 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 (to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 369.6 R F2 +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 470.4 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 (ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180 -381.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F +482.4 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.293 H .293(special ar)3.593 F .293(gument v)-.18 F .293(alues may be used: \2551 represents the)-.25 F .694 -(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 393.6 R +(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 494.4 R .693(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.193(d. If).1 F .693(no ar) -3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 405.6 R -.15 +3.193 F .693(gument is speci-)-.18 F .21(\214ed, con)180 506.4 R -.15 (ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71 G 2.71<66ad>-2.71 G 2.71(1h)-2.71 G .21(ad been gi)-2.71 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F -F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 434.4 Q +F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 518.4 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 535.2 Q .464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\ ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258 -(minus sign is allo)144 446.4 R 1.259 +(minus sign is allo)144 547.2 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 458.4 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 -E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 487.2 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 559.2 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 576 Q F2(format)3.424 E F0 +.923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E +(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 588 Q(guments)-.37 E F0 +.033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) .15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) --.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 499.2 Q(The return v)5 E +-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 600 Q(The return v)5 E (alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd) -108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C -<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\ -tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 540 R 3.139(wt)-.25 -G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 552 R .416 +108 616.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C +<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 628.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 +2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\ +rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 640.8 R 3.139(wt) +-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 652.8 R .416 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F (guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416 (changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 -(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 564 R 6.625(.A) --.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15 -(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 576 Q F1 -<ad6e>144 588 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\ - rotating or adding directories to the)180 588 R -(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 600 Q F1(+)144 612 Q -F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.768 E F0 -1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267 -(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C -(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 636 Q F2(n)A F0 .92 -(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 +(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 664.8 R 6.625 +(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 676.8 Q +F1<ad6e>144 688.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ +when rotating or adding directories to the)180 688.8 R +(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 700.8 Q F1(+)144 +712.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 712.8 R F2(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 724.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(67)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 68 68 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 .92 +(Rotates the stack so that the)180 84 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 -F F1(dirs)180 648 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 -E F2(dir)144.35 660 Q F0(Adds)180 660 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +F F1(dirs)180 96 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E +F2(dir)144.35 108 Q F0(Adds)180 108 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 (to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) -.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F -(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 672 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) -2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 688.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 +(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 120 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd) +2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 136.8 R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 (is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 700.8 R F2(dir) +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 148.8 R F2(dir) 3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 -(stack is empty)144 712.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ +(stack is empty)144 160.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) --.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 724.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(67)193.45 E 0 -Cg EP -%%Page: 68 68 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pwd)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 -(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 96 R .845 +-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 172.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 +(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 201.6 R .845 (orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 (he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 -108 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181 -(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set) -2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If) -144 120 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +213.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 +.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 +(enabled. If)144 225.6 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 (option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ - reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 132 R -.25(va) --.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 144 Q F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(ad) -.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2 -(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 -3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1 -<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E -F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A -([)108 172.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\ -tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 184.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E -F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 196.8 Q -F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348 -(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347 -(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 -(assigned to the \214rst)144 208.8 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G + reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 237.6 R -.25(va) +-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 249.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 266.4 S +(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E F2 +(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e> +-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E +F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr) +3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 +3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 278.4 Q F2(name)A +F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ +e \214le descriptor)144 290.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 302.4 Q F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348 +(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +(assigned to the \214rst)144 314.4 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 -F -.1(wo)144 220.8 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 +F -.1(wo)144 326.4 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 -(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 232.8 Q F0 +(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 338.4 Q F0 5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) -.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .532(assigned empty v)144 244.8 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 350.4 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 (characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 (are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 -F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 256.8 R .197 +F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 362.4 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 268.8 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 374.4 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) .15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 -280.8 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 292.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 -(The w)180 304.8 R 1.049 +386.4 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 398.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 410.4 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) -.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 -(aname)180.33 316.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(aname)180.33 422.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 (ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 -E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 328.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 -1.318(The \214rst character of)180 340.8 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 434.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +1.318(The \214rst character of)180 446.4 R F2(delim)3.818 E F0 1.317 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)3.818 F 3.817 -(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 352.8 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 +(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 458.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 (will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 -<ad65>144 364.8 Q F0 .372 -(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 364.8 R F1 -.18 +<ad65>144 470.4 Q F0 .372 +(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 470.4 R F1 -.18 (re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) 2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E -.218(to obtain the line.)180 376.8 R .218 +.218(to obtain the line.)180 482.4 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E -(acti)180 388.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E +(acti)180 494.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E (ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E -(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 400.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) --.2 E F0(If)180 400.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 +(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 506.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt) +-.2 E F0(If)180 506.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216 (is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216 (is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-) --.25 F(ing be)180 412.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 424.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E -(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 436.8 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 +-.25 F(ing be)180 518.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 530.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E +(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 542.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395 (returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395 (characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of) --.1 F(input, b)180 448.8 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) +-.1 F(input, b)180 554.4 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than) -.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 (characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 -460.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 472.8 S(ad).18 E +566.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 578.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E (har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27 (aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 -(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 484.8 R F1 -.18(re) +(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 590.4 R F1 -.18(re) 2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 (Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 -(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 496.8 +(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 602.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 508.8 R .608 +3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 614.4 R .608 (The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0 -3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 520.8 S .669 +3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 626.4 S .669 (riable is assigned e).25 F .669 (xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 -(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 532.8 Q F0 -(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 544.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 -E F0(Display)180 556.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 638.4 Q F0 +(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 650.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 +E F0(Display)180 662.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 (on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) --3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 568.8 Q +-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 674.4 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 580.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 580.8 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 -(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 592.8 Q +<ad72>144 686.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 686.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544 +(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 698.4 Q (In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E (wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 -604.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 604.8 Q -(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 616.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 628.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 -G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 -(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 640.8 R F2(timeout)3.061 E +710.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 710.4 Q +(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(68)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 69 69 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad74>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q +F1 -.18(re)2.929 G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F +.428(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F +.56(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 108 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) -3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 652.8 Q +3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 120 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -664.8 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 676.8 R .59 +132 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 144 R .59 (gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 (times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 -(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 688.8 S -(riable).25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 -.27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately) -2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 -G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 700.8 R 1.12 -(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12 -(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12 -(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 712.8 R -.15(ex)2.5 G -(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(68)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 69 69 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad75>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 +(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 156 S(riable) +.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 +(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 +F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G +(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 168 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a) +-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor) +.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 +180 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) +.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 +(If no)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 (are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E /F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 112.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 220.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) .18 E F0 .772 (times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F --.25(va)144 124.8 S 2.004 +-.25(va)144 232.8 S 2.004 (riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 (ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F -(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 136.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> -2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A +(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 244.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 261.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 177.6 R +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 285.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 (option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 189.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 297.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 201.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 +-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 309.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 (rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve) +3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 321.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F .521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 225.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 333.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 <ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 237.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -249.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 345.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +357.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) -144 261.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) +144 369.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v) -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 -(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 273.6 Q F0 -(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 302.4 R +(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 381.6 Q F0 +(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 (alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F 5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 -(the return status is that of the last command e)144 314.4 R -.15(xe) +(the return status is that of the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe) -.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 326.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 434.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) -3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144 -338.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E +446.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) 3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389 -(determine the status is the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +(determine the status is the last command e)144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 362.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 +G(d.).1 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 (is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 (cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 (or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 (is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 -(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 398.4 R .444 +(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 506.4 R .444 (The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 -(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 410.4 R -.15 +(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 518.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 422.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +.749(mand associated with the)144 530.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 434.4 Q F1 -(set)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C +G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 542.4 Q F1 +(set)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E -F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 +F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 475.2 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .836 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 -(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 487.2 +(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 595.2 R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 499.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 -.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 511.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 607.2 R F2 .447(posix mode) +2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447 +(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447 +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53 +(locale. When)144 619.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F 3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) -.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F -1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 523.2 R 1.623 +1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 631.2 R 1.623 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) -144 535.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A +144 643.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 --.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 547.2 Q -F0 1.377(Each v)184 547.2 R 1.377 +-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 655.2 Q +F0 1.377(Each v)184 655.2 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) -.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 559.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 -E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 571.2 Q F0 .132 -(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 571.2 R +1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 667.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 +E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 679.2 Q F0 .132 +(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 679.2 R 2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E -(primary prompt.)184 583.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) --.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 595.2 Q F0 -.087(Exit immediately if a)184 595.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 +(primary prompt.)184 691.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o) +-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 703.2 Q F0 +.087(Exit immediately if a)184 703.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 (\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 607.2 Q +F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 715.2 Q F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521 (SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184 -619.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 -(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 631.2 Q -1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 --.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 643.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) --.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 655.2 R -F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) --3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 667.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 +727.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08 +(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 +Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(69)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 70 70 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(follo)184 84 Q +1.655(wing a)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1 +(until)4.155 E F0 -.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655 +(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E +F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 96 +S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 +E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E +.918(the \214nal)184 108 R F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 +3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F +.917(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 +E -.25(va)184 120 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66 (rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 (ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 -(non-zero status because a command f)184 679.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F +(non-zero status because a command f)184 132 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 691.2 R 2.677 +(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 144 R 2.677 (xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678 (fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178 (cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178 -(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 703.2 R .617 +(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 156 R .617 (vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see) --.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 715.2 R(ONMENT) --.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 +-.4 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR) +184 168 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643 (\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 727.2 -Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 70 70 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.042 -(If a compound command or shell function e)184 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.042 -(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<ad65>4.542 E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435 -(ignored, none of the commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436 -(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194 -(body will be af)184 108 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E F0 -.193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 +(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 180 Q +2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 198 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>4.542 E F0 +2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 210 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F +.194(body will be af)184 222 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E +F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1 <ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure) --.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 120 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 +-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 234 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89 (ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F1<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89 (while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E -(where)184 132 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 +(where)184 246 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654 (is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953 -.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F -(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 144 Q F1 -<ad66>144 156 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 156 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -<ad68>144 168 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 -168 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F +(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 258 Q F1 +<ad66>144 270 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 270 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 +<ad68>144 282 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184 +282 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 -180 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 192 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 192 R .514 +294 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 306 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 306 R .514 (guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18 F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F -(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 204 Q F1 -<ad6d>144 216 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 216 R .148 +(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 318 Q F1 +<ad6d>144 330 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 330 R .148 (Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F .149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651 -(on systems that support it \(see)184 228 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .651 -(JOB CONTR)3.151 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151 -(\). All).15 F .65(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678 -(process group.)184 240 R .679(When a background job completes, the she\ -ll prints a line containing its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 252 S(it status.).15 -E F1<ad6e>144 264 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)184 264 R .653(ut do not e) --.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cute them.).15 F .652 -(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 -276 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1<ad6f>144 288 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The) -184 300 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E -(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 312 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 336 Q F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.) -A F1(emacs)184 360 Q F0 .089 -(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 360 R 2.589 +(on systems that support it \(see)184 342 R F2 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F +(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65 +(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 354 R .679 +(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\ +s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 366 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 378 Q F0 .653 +(Read commands b)184 378 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653 +(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for) +5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 390 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 402 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 414 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0 +(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 426 Q F0 +(Same as)224 438 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 450 Q F0 +(Same as)224 462 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 474 Q F0 .089 +(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 474 R 2.589 (ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95 -(when the shell is interacti)224 372 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 +(when the shell is interacti)224 486 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95 (nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E -F0 2.5(option. This)224 384 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) +F0 2.5(option. This)224 498 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf) -.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err) -184 396 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 396 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(errtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(functrace)184 420 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(hashall)184 444 Q F0(Same as)224 444 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(histexpand)184 456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history)184 480 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 480 R 3.087(,a) +184 510 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 510 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(errtrace)184 522 Q F0(Same as)224 522 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(functrace)184 534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(hashall)184 558 Q F0(Same as)224 558 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(histexpand)184 570 Q F0(Same as)224 582 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +(history)184 594 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 594 R 3.087(,a) -.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 492 Q +(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 606 Q (ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184 -504 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 516 R 1.657 +618 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 630 R 1.657 (fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10) 4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 -528 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) -.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 540 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 552 Q F1 -<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 564 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 576 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 588 Q F1<ad43>2.5 -E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 600 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A -F1(noglob)184 612 Q F0(Same as)224 612 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog) -184 624 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 624 Q F1(notify)184 636 Q F0 -(Same as)224 636 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 648 Q F0(Same as) -224 648 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 660 Q F0(Same as)224 660 Q -F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 672 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 672 Q -F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 684 Q F0 1.029 -(If set, the return v)224 684 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F -1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 696 -R 1.136 -(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) --.15 F -.15(ex)224 708 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G -(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(70)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +642 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).) +.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 654 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1 +<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F1<ad6d>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 690 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 702 Q F1<ad43>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 714 Q F0(Same as)224 714 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(70)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 71 71 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(posix)184 84 Q F0 2.09(Change the beha)224 84 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F -F1(bash)4.591 E F0 2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif) --.1 F 2.091(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212 -(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 96 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212 -(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 -(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 108 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G +SF(noglob)184 84 Q F0(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 +96 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 96 Q F1(notify)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 +108 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F1 +<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1<ad74>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 144 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad50>2.5 +E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 156 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)224 156 R +1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03 +(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 168 R +1.136 +(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline) +-.15 F -.15(ex)224 180 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G +(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 192 Q F0 +2.09(Change the beha)224 192 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0 +2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091 +(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 +204 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306 +(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 216 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G 2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224 -120 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 132 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 -144 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 156 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 -156 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 168 Q F0 1.466 -(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 168 R 3.965(ace. This) +228 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 240 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 +252 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 264 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224 +264 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 276 Q F0 1.466 +(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 276 R 3.965(ace. This) -.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 -180 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 -(xtrace)184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 210 Q +288 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 +(xtrace)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 318 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name) 3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 (alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -222 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 +330 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 (commands to recreate the current)3.571 F -(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 234 Q F1<ad70> -144 246 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 246 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 +(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 342 Q F1<ad70> +144 354 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 354 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1 (ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 (\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 258 R 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 366 R 1.5 (vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 --.27(BA)184 270 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) +-.27(BA)184 378 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 282 R .38 +(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 390 R .38 (If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) -.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 -(user \(group\) id, and the)184 294 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 +(user \(group\) id, and the)184 402 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 (option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 306 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 414 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> 2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 318 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 426 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G .386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F -(set to the real user and group ids.)184 330 Q F1<ad74>144 342 Q F0 -(Exit after reading and e)184 342 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1<ad75>144 354 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 354 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +(set to the real user and group ids.)184 438 Q F1<ad74>144 450 Q F0 +(Exit after reading and e)184 450 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) +.15 E F1<ad75>144 462 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 462 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 366 R 2.682 +as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 474 R 2.682 (xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 -(able or parameter)184 378 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 +(able or parameter)184 486 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184 -390 Q F1<ad76>144 402 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 402 Q 2.5 -(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 414 Q F0 .315(After e)184 414 R +498 Q F1<ad76>144 510 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 510 Q 2.5 +(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 522 Q F0 .315(After e)184 522 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) 2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 -426 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F +534 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0 -(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 438 Q +(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 546 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 450 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 450 R 2.578 +<ad42>144 558 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 558 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 462 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 474 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash)2.714 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 570 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 582 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 582 R F1(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 486 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +3.053(tors. This)184 594 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) -.15 F(tor)184 498 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -<ad45>144 510 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 510 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 +.15 F(tor)184 606 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 +<ad45>144 618 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 618 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 (rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 (is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 +F .838(mands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 534 Q F1 -<ad48>144 546 Q F0(Enable)184 546 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 642 Q F1 +<ad48>144 654 Q F0(Enable)184 654 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 (style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 558 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 570 Q F0 .959 -(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 570 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 +F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 678 Q F0 .959 +(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 678 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 (ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 (cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 -(that change the current w)184 582 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 +(that change the current w)184 690 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 (.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 594 R(def)2.685 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 702 R(def)2.685 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F -(mands which change the current directory)184 606 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 -618 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 618 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1 -(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 +(mands which change the current directory)184 714 Q(.)-.65 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(71)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 72 72 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF<ad54>144 84 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 84 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on) +-3.39 F F1(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89 (are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932 -(substitutions, and commands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 +(substitutions, and commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E -(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 642 Q F0 -(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 654 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 654 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G +(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 108 Q F0 +(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 120 Q +F0 .401(If no ar)184 120 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 666 Q F2 -(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G -(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 -678 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 678 R -F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G -1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 690 R -F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 +(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q/F2 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) +.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E +F0(.)A F1<ad>144 144 Q F0 1.944 +(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 144 R F2(ar)4.444 E +(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 156 R F1 +<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 (options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) 3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B -(parameters remain unchanged.)184 702 Q .425(The options are of)144 -718.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 +(parameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144 +184.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 (Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 730.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E -(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 72 72 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .066 -(current set of options may be found in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F -(is encountered.)144 96 Q F1(shift)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 -124.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....) -2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F -(bers)144 136.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#) -2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082 -(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H -.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f) --5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 148.8 -R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06 -(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06 -(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143 -(positional parameters are not changed.)144 160.8 R .144 -(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144 -(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 -(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 172.8 Q F1(shopt)108 189.6 Q F0([) +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +(current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 +5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 +(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G +.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.582 +E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 +.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F +(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 +.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 201.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E 5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 213.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H +(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H 2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 225.6 R .826 +(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 350.4 R .826 (ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825 (option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F -.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 237.6 R F2 +.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2 (optnames)3.052 E F0 .552 (are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55 -(options. The)144 249.6 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ +(options. The)144 374.4 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\ o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049 -E(options ha)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 273.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 -273.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 285.6 Q F0 -(Disable \(unset\) each)180 285.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 -297.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ -tus indicates whether the)180 297.6 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E -.256(set or unset.)180 309.6 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 +E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 398.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 +398.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 410.4 Q F0 +(Disable \(unset\) each)180 410.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 +422.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\ +tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E +.256(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G (ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 -(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 321.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E -F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 333.6 Q F0 -(Restricts the v)180 333.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 458.4 Q F0 +(Restricts the v)180 458.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 350.4 R F1 +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 475.2 R F1 <ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 -(set or unset, respecti)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) +(set or unset, respecti)144 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 -2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 374.4 Q(ault.) +2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 499.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -391.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) 4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 403.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695 -(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 415.2 Q(The list of)144 432 Q F1(shopt) -2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 450 Q F0 1.944 -(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 462 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.945 -(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 -(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 474 R .857 +144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) +-.25 F(option.)144 540 Q(The list of)144 556.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.944 +(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 586.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G +1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945 +(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 598.8 R .857 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F -(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 486 Q F1(autocd)144 498 Q F0 .199 -(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 498 R +(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .199 +(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 622.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E -(ment to the)184 510 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F +(ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 522 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 534 R .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .156 (gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F -(name of a v)184 546 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E -(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 558 Q F0 +(name of a v)184 670.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E +(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 682.8 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -558 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 -(corrected. The)184 570 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +682.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 (ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 582 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F -(the command proceeds.)184 594 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 606 Q F0 .737 -(If set,)184 618 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 +(the command proceeds.)184 718.8 Q +(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(72)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 73 73 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(checkhash)144 84 Q F0 .737(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 (checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 -(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 630 +(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 108 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E -(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 642 Q -F0 .448(If set,)184 654 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 120 Q +F0 .448(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 (lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 (topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 666 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 144 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 (xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 -(attempted without an interv)184 678 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 690 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +(attempted without an interv)184 156 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 168 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 702 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 -714 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 180 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 +192 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09 (ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09 -(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 726 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G -(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F3(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(72)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 73 73 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(cmdhist)144 84 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 -(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 +(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 204 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G +(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2 +(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 216 Q F0 1.202 +(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 -96 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 +228 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133 (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132 -(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 108 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 +(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 240 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613 (ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614 (fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)184 120 Q(OR)-.162 E -(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(compat31)144 132 Q F0 .42 -(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F .419 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 -F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)184 156 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462 -(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 +(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 252 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1 +(compat31)144 264 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42 +(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419 +(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the) +184 288 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1 +(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 -(using the)184 168 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) +(using the)184 300 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) -.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) 3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 -(use ASCII collation and)184 180 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E +(use ASCII collation and)184 312 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E (cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 192 Q F4(str) -2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 204 Q F0 1.41(If set,) -184 216 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 324 Q F4(str) +2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 336 Q F0 1.41(If set,) +184 348 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 (vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 (ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 -(string comparison when using the)184 228 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 +(string comparison when using the)184 360 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) 2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 -(vious item\) and the ef)184 240 R .481 +(vious item\) and the ef)184 372 R .481 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 -(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 252 Q +(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 384 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 264 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 +F1(compat40)144 396 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 408 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 (ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 -(string comparison when using the)184 288 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(string comparison when using the)184 420 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 (conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) -4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 300 R +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 432 R F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 (fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) -.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 -312 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 -(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 324 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 336 Q F0 1.483(If set,) -184 348 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F4(posix) -3.983 E F0 1.484 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 -(ex)184 360 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G -.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 -(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 -(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 372 +444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 +(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 456 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 468 Q F0 1.523(If set,) +184 480 R F1(bash)4.023 E F0 4.023(,w)C 1.523(hen in)-4.023 F F4 1.523 +(posix mode)4.023 F F0 4.024(,t)C 1.524 +(reats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)-4.024 F -.15(ex)184 +492 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958 +(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 +G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 +(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 504 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 -(posix mode through v)184 384 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) +(posix mode through v)184 516 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) 5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 -(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 396 Q F1(compat42)144 408 Q -F0 1.796(If set,)184 420 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 +(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 528 Q F1(compat42)144 540 Q +F0 1.796(If set,)184 552 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) -4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 432 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 444 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 456 R F1 +4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 564 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 576 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 588 R F1 (bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 (arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 468 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 600 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 (declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 -(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 480 S .353 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 612 S .353 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) -.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.852 E -.1(fa)184 492 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 624 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.375(function is e)184 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F +.375(function is e)184 636 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F (ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 .374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F -(the caller')184 516 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(compat44)144 528 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) +(the caller')184 648 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 +(compat44)144 660 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 672 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa) 2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B) -2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184 -552 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +684 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E -(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 564 Q F0 .654 -(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ +(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 696 Q F0 .654 +(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\ ers in \214lenames and directory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524 -(forming completion.)184 588 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E +(forming completion.)184 720 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524 -(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\ -haracters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these)184 -600 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 612 R .028 +(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q +(2018 August 7)145.395 E(73)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 74 74 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.667(from the se\ +t of characters that will be quoted in completed \214lenames when these) +184 84 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 96 R .028 (ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029 -(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 624 R 1.073 +(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 108 R 1.073 (ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 636 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 120 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F 6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 -648 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 660 Q +132 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 144 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E -(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 672 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486 -(If set,)184 684 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 156 Q(expand) +-.18 E F0 .486(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F .487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -696 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F +180 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F (uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 708 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E -(73)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 74 74 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(dirspell)144 84 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 84 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 +184 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 204 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 +204 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 (attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 (ord completion if)-.1 F -(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 96 Q(xist.)-.15 E -F1(dotglob)144 108 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 +(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 216 Q(xist.)-.15 E +F1(dotglob)144 228 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165 (includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i) -.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 120 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 +(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 240 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 (must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5 (,e)-.65 G -.15(ve)-2.75 G 2.5(ni).15 G(f)-2.5 E F1(dotglob)2.5 E F0 -(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 132 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) -184 132 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 +(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 252 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti) +184 252 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386 (xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387 -(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 144 Q(gument to the)-.18 +(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 264 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 --.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 156 Q F0 .717 -(If set, aliases are e)184 168 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F +-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 276 Q F0 .717 +(If set, aliases are e)184 288 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E /F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F -(by def)184 180 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 192 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 204 R +(by def)184 300 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 312 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 324 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 (cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.221(identical to the)184 216 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 +.221(identical to the)184 336 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 228 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 240 Q F0(The)220 240 Q F1<ad46>4.25 +(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 348 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 360 Q F0(The)220 360 Q F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F -(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 252 Q -(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 264 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 -264 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F -1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 276 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 288 Q F0 .84 -(If the command run by the)220 288 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 372 Q +(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 384 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 +384 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F +1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 396 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 408 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 408 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 (trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 -(exe)220 300 S .488 +(exe)220 420 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 -(sour)220 312 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(sour)220 432 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 324 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 324 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 +(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 444 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 444 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 (and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 -(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 336 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 348 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ -bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 348 R -(shells in)220 360 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 +(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 456 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 468 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ +bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 468 R +(shells in)220 480 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1 (\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 (inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0 -(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 372 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ -d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 372 R(in)220 384 Q +(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 492 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\ +d substitution, shell functions, and subshells)220 492 R(in)220 504 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command) 2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1 -(extglob)144 396 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 396 R .4 +(extglob)144 516 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 516 R .4 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u) --.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 408 Q -F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 420 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 432 R +-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 528 Q +F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 540 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 552 R F1($)4.973 E F0<08>A F4(string)A F0 4.973<0861>C(nd)-4.973 E F1($)4.973 E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G -(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 444 Q -(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 456 Q F0 -1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 456 R 1.425 +(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 564 Q +(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 576 Q F0 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 576 R 1.425 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 -(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 468 S(pansion error).15 E(.) --.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 480 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.936(If set, the suf)184 492 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 588 S(pansion error).15 E(.) +-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 600 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 +.936(If set, the suf)184 612 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 504 R .32 +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 624 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 (he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 -(pletions. See)184 516 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(pletions. See)184 636 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 (abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 (FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) -184 528 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 540 Q F0 2.519 -(If set, range e)184 552 R 2.519 +184 648 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 660 Q F0 2.519 +(If set, range e)184 672 R 2.519 (xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 (xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 564 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +(Matching)184 684 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) -3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) --3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 576 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 +-3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 696 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 588 R F1(A) +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 708 R F1(A) 3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F .957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 -(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 600 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 612 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 612 R F1(**)3.019 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 -(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 624 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 -2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 -636 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 648 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ -en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 660 Q F1(histappend)144 -672 Q F0 .676 -(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -684 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G -(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 696 Q(xits, rather than o)-.15 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q -(2018 March 15)144.29 E(74)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 720 Q(.)-.55 E +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(74)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 75 75 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(histr)144 84 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 96 R F1 -.18(re) +SF(globstar)144 84 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 84 R F1(**)3.019 E +F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 +(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 96 R .431 +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184 +108 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 120 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\ +en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 132 Q F1(histappend)144 +144 Q F0 .676 +(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 +156 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 +-.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 168 Q +(xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 +(histr)144 180 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 192 R F1 -.18(re) 3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F -.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 108 Q F1(histv)144 120 Q -(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 132 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 204 Q F1(histv)144 216 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 144 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 240 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 (nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 156 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 252 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 168 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 180 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +(hostcomplete)144 264 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 276 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 (will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 -192 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +288 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 (is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E -/F2 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This).15 F(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 -216 Q F0(If set,)184 228 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP) -2.5 E F0(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H -(ogin shell e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 240 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 -.22(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 252 R .219 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 -(option, instead of unsetting)2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 264 Q -2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti) -144 276 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E F0 .33(If set, allo)184 288 R 2.83 -(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 -.33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F -.967(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 300 R 1.267 -.15(ve s) --.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 -312 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 324 Q F0 .066 -(If set, and job control is not acti)184 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 300 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 312 Q F0(If set,) +184 324 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 +(to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 336 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 +(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 348 R .219(alue of the) +-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) +2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 360 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F +(option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E +F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 372 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E +F0 .33(If set, allo)184 384 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 +(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33 +(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 +(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 396 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 +H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 408 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 420 Q F0 .066 +(If set, and job control is not acti)184 420 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 348 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) -184 348 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 +184 432 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 444 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 444 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F -(with embedded ne)184 360 Q +(with embedded ne)184 456 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 -(localv)144 372 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 384 R +(localv)144 468 Q(ar_inherit)-.1 E F0 .421(If set, local v)184 480 R .422(ariables inherit the v)-.25 F .422(alue and attrib)-.25 F .422 (utes of a v)-.2 F .422(ariable of the same name that)-.25 F -.15(ex)184 -396 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 +492 S .174(ists at a pre).15 F .174(vious scope before an)-.25 F 2.673 (yn)-.15 G .673 -.25(ew va)-2.673 H .173(lue is assigned.).25 F .173 -(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 408 Q -F1(login_shell)144 420 Q F0 .486 +(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 504 Q +F1(login_shell)144 516 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -432 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.987(\). 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F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 612 Q F1 +(nocaseglob)144 624 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 636 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 (matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 552 S +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 648 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 564 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 -576 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 660 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +672 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) 3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 -F .551(while e)184 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 +F .551(while e)184 684 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional 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.17(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 -(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F F2(PR)2.671 E -(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 -768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(75)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(wo)184 696 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 708 Q +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(75)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 76 76 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(This option is enabled by def)184 84 Q(ault.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.18(re)144 96 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(nullglob)144 84 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.354 G 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A)3.251 F 1.001 -(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 268.8 R F1<ad66> +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 376.8 R F1<ad66> 2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 (rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) -5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 280.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 388.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 -E F1(test)108 297.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 309.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 309.6 R .877 +E F1(test)108 405.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) +108 417.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 417.6 R .877 (alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 -(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 321.6 +(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 429.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 (gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 -(primaries described abo)144 333.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(primaries described abo)144 441.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 (CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E -(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 345.6 Q(gument of)-.18 +(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 453.6 Q(gument of)-.18 E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 363.6 R .786 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 471.6 R .786 (wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 -(dence. The)144 375.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(dence. The)144 483.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 (luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F 4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F -(used when there are \214v)144 387.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G -(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 399.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E -F0 -.35(Tr)180 399.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 -E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 411.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 -.26(Returns the v)180 411.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 +(used when there are \214v)144 495.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G +(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 507.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E +F0 -.35(Tr)180 507.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 +E(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 519.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0 +.26(Returns the v)180 519.6 R .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0 5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26 -(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 423.6 Q F3 -.2 -(ex)144 435.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 --.35(Tr)180 447.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 -E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 459.6 S +(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 531.6 Q F3 -.2 +(ex)144 543.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 +-.35(Tr)180 555.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 567.6 S (pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 -471.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 -(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 488.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E +579.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2 +(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 596.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E (xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E -(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 506.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) -180 518.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 530.4 S -.18 -(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 542.4 Q +(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e) +180 626.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 638.4 S -.18 +(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 650.4 Q (xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18 -E 2.5(2a)144 554.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) -180 566.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 +E 2.5(2a)144 662.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) +180 674.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 578.4 R .38 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 686.4 R .38 (gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 590.4 Q .553 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 698.4 Q .553 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 -(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 602.4 Q +(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 710.4 Q (alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E -(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 614.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G -(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 626.4 R .236 -(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 -(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 -(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 638.4 R 1.155 -.15 -(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 650.4 R .578(xpression i\ -s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 662.4 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 -E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 -(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 -(three ar)180 674.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 -F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F -.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 -686.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 -F(ar)180 698.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 -2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 -(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E -(wise, the e)180 710.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0) -72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(76)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7) +145.395 E(76)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 77 77 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(4a)144 84 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 96 R .385 -(gument is)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385 -(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar) -.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647 -(posed of the remaining ar)180 108 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F -1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 -G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 -120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 132 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 -E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 144 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e) --.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635 -(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 156 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 174 Q F1(test)2.5 E F0(or) -2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 -E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 -E F1(times)108 190.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\ -imes for the shell and for processes run from the shell.)144 190.8 R -(The return status is 0.)144 202.8 Q F1(trap)108 219.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0 -(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .703(The command)144 231.6 R F2(ar) -3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 2.5(3a)144 84 S +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 96 R .236 +(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236 +(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 +(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 108 R 1.155 -.15(ve u) +-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)3.355 E .855 +(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578 +(result of the e)180 120 R .578(xpression is the result of the binary t\ +est using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E 1.333 +(as operands.)180 132 R(The)6.333 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.833 E +F0(and)3.833 E F3<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 +(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 +(three ar)180 144 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F +.558(gument is)-.18 F F3(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558 +(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 +E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 156 R 3.021 +(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52(gument is e)-.18 F +(xactly)-.15 E F3(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 F(ar)180 168 Q +.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F3(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485 +(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18 +F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 180 Q +(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 192 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G +(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 204 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F3 +(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384 +(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 216 R 4.147 +(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 +(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E +(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 228 Q -.15(ve) +-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 240 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 +E 1.635(The e)180 252 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F +(abo)180 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 282 Q F3(test) +2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F3([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F3(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 +E F3(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E +(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F3(times)108 298.8 Q F0 +1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\ + processes run from the shell.)144 298.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 +310.8 Q F3(trap)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E +/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E .703(The command)144 339.6 R F4(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 +(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 (cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 +(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F4(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F4 (ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) -144 243.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E +144 351.6 R F4(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F3<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.659(\(the v)144 255.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 -(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 267.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) -3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E -F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 -(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 279.6 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 -F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 291.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 -E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 +.659(\(the v)144 363.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F4(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 +(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F4(sigspec) +144.34 375.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F3<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 +(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 387.6 R +F4(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 +F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 399.6 R F3<ad70>3.36 +E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F3(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 -(signal. The)144 303.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ +(signal. The)144 411.6 R F3<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 -(bers. Each)144 315.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(bers. Each)144 423.6 R F4(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F4(signal.h)A F0 1.811 (>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E -(names are case insensiti)144 327.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649 -(If a)144 345.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 -1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) -4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) --.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 -357.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F -F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 -(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 369.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) -2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(names are case insensiti)144 435.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E +F1(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649(If a)144 453.6 R F4 +(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F1(EXIT)4.149 E F0 1.649 +(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F4(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)4.369 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F +1.648(If a)6.648 F F4(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F1(DEB)144 465.6 Q +(UG)-.09 E F2(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F4(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 +1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.668 E F0 +(command,)3.668 E F4(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 477.6 Q F4 +(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147 +(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.647 E F0 .146 (command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 -(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 381.6 R F3 .145 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 489.6 R F1 .145 (SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 393.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 -G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E -(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E -F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 405.6 Q F2(ar) +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F3(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 501.6 Q F3(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F3(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F1(RETURN)3.2 E F2(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 513.6 Q F4(ar) 3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 417.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 435.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) -3.771 E F3(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E +.644(cuted with the).15 F F3(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F3(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 525.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 543.6 R F4(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) +3.771 E F1(ERR)3.461 E F2(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F4(ar)3.791 E (g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) -.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ -urns a non\255zero e)144 447.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 -(the follo)144 459.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR) +urns a non\255zero e)144 555.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 +(the follo)144 567.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F1(ERR) 2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 (cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 -(mand list immediately follo)144 471.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 -(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 +(mand list immediately follo)144 579.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F3(while) +2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F3(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F4(if)2.898 E F0 .388 +(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 591.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.778(cuted in a).15 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 -3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 495.6 R +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F3(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F3(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 603.6 R 1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) -3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F -F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 507.6 Q -(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5 +F3(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 615.6 Q +(yed by the)-.15 E F3(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F3<ad65>A F0 2.5 (\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095 (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 -525.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 -(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 537.6 R .662 +633.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 +(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 645.6 R .662 (alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) --.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 549.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) --.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G -(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 -566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 578.4 S .174 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 657.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) +-.1 E(y)-.15 E F4(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G +(lid; otherwise).25 E F3(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F3(type)108 +674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F4(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F4 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 686.4 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F4(name) 3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 (uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F -F1<ad74>144 590.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 -.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E -F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 -(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 602.4 Q F0 .087 +F3<ad74>144 698.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F3(type)3.342 E F0 +.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F4(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E +F4 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F4(function)3.343 E F0 +(,).24 E F4 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F4 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F4(name)144.36 710.4 Q F0 .087 (is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 (ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F4 (name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 -(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 614.4 R .118 +(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 722.4 R .118 (xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F -F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 -(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 626.4 R .855 -(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 -638.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 -(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 -<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 650.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) -C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 -F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 -(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70> -2.612 E F0(and)144 662.4 Q F1<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 -F .731 -(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 -F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61> -144 674.4 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 -(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 -(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 -(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 686.4 R F1<ad70> -3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 -(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) -144 698.4 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 -1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) -144 710.4 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type) -5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 -(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15) -144.29 E(77)193.45 E 0 Cg EP +F3<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F3(type)2.619 E F0 +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(77)194.555 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(ulimit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([) -2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 96 Q .244 -(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .855 +(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 84 R .855 +(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 +SF(name)3.715 E F0 .855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64 +(mand name, or nothing if)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name) +3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)3.141 E F0 +5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641 +(option forces a)3.141 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)-.189 +E F0 .113(search for each)144 108 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)C -.15 +(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F2 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 +-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) +.18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F3<ad70>2.612 E +F0(and)144 120 Q F3<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F4 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .731 +(If the)5.231 F F3<ad61>144 132 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F3 +(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F1(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T) +.18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 144 R F3<ad70> +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 +(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) +144 156 R F3<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F3<ad66>3.723 E F0 +1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the) +144 168 R F3(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F3(type)5.325 +E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 180 Q F3(ulimit)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3 +(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 +208.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244 (he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.943(that allo)144 108 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F(The) -5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 +.943(that allo)144 220.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F3<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F3<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208(\ -hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a sof\ -t limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 132 R .425 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E -F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 +144 232.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 +(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 244.8 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F3<ad48>2.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F3<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 (is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 -144 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 +256.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.741(of the special v)144 156 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 -(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) +.741(of the special v)144 268.8 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F3 +(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F3(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 -(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E -5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 +(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E +5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 180 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499 -(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 292.8 R F3<ad48>2.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F -(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 192 Q 2.5(alue. Other) --.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 204 -Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 204 Q F1<ad62>144 216 Q F0 -(The maximum sock)180 216 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63> -144 228 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 228 Q F1<ad64> -144 240 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 240 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G -(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 252 Q F0 -(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 252 Q F1<ad66>144 264 Q -F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 -264 Q F1<ad69>144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 276 -Q F1<ad6b>144 288 Q F0 -(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 288 Q F1<ad6c> -144 300 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 300 Q(ed into memory) --.1 E F1<ad6d>144 312 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 312 Q -2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 324 Q -F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\ - not allo)180 324 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F -(be set\))180 336 Q F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 -(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 348 Q F1 -<ad71>144 360 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues) -180 360 Q F1<ad72>144 372 Q F0 -(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 372 Q F1<ad73>144 384 Q -F0(The maximum stack size)180 384 Q F1<ad74>144 396 Q F0 -(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 396 Q F1<ad75>144 408 Q -F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G -(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 420 Q F0 .47 -(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 420 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 -(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 432 -Q F1<ad78>144 444 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 444 Q F1 -<ad50>144 456 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 456 Q F1 -<ad54>144 468 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 468 Q(If)144 484.8 -Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the) -.15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 -E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 +(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 304.8 Q 2.5 +(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3 +<ad61>144 316.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 316.8 Q F3 +<ad62>144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 328.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E +(fer size)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 340.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 340.8 Q F3<ad64>144 352.8 +Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 352.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) +-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F3<ad65>144 364.8 Q F0 +(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 364.8 Q F3<ad66>144 +376.8 Q F0 +(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180 +376.8 Q F3<ad69>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 +388.8 Q F3<ad6b>144 400.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 400.8 Q F3 +<ad6c>144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 412.8 Q +(ed into memory)-.1 E F3<ad6d>144 424.8 Q F0 +(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 424.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G +(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F3<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ +e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) +180 436.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F +(be set\))180 448.8 Q F3<ad70>144 460.8 Q F0 +(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 460.8 Q F3 +<ad71>144 472.8 Q F0 +(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 472.8 Q F3 +<ad72>144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 484.8 +Q F3<ad73>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 496.8 Q F3<ad74>144 +508.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 508.8 Q F3 +<ad75>144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 520.8 Q -.25 +(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F3<ad76>144 532.8 Q F0 .47 +(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 532.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47 +(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 +544.8 Q F3<ad78>144 556.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 +556.8 Q F3<ad50>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 +568.8 Q F3<ad54>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 580.8 Q +(If)144 597.6 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.468(n, and the).15 F F3<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 +F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 (alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 -(no option is gi)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +(no option is gi)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F3<ad66> 2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F3 <ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 -508.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 -(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 -<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 -<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C -1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 520.8 R 1.438 -(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E -F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 532.8 R +621.6 R F3<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F3<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F3 +<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F3<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F3<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F3 +<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F3<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C +1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 633.6 R 1.476 +(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F3<ad63>3.976 E F0(and)3.976 E +F3<ad66>3.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 645.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 -544.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E -F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A -.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 573.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 -5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 +657.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F3(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E +F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A +.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0 +5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2 (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ -pted by)144 585.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -597.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 -(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 +pted by)144 698.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 +710.4 Q F1(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 +(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F3<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 -(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 609.6 R .547 +(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G -(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 621.6 Q F0 .551 +(he)-3.047 E F3<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F +(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(78)194.555 E 0 Cg EP +%%Page: 79 79 +%%BeginPageSetup +BP +%%EndPageSetup +/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0 .551 (is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 -F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 633.6 Q -(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E -(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 -(unalias)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 -(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 662.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name) -4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E -F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 -F(remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E -(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0 -(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 691.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1 -(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 703.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 96 Q +(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E +(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 +(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach) +.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 +F(If)6.655 E F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655 +(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E +(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0 +(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2 +(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...]) +2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F1(name)3.827 E F0 3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327 -(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 715.2 Q F0 1.551 +(If the)6.327 F F2<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F1(name)144.36 177.6 Q F0 1.551 (refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551 (ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va) -4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 727.2 R F1 -<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 +4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 189.6 R F2 +<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F1(name)5.001 E F0 2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 -F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(78)193.45 E 0 Cg EP -%%Page: 79 79 -%%BeginPageSetup -BP -%%EndPageSetup -/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(remo)144 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e> -2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(name)2.537 E F0 .037(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2 -(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0 -(will)2.537 E .492(be unset rather than the v)144 96 R .492 -(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F -.492(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.) -2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F .221(options are supplied, each)144 108 R F2 -(name)2.721 E F0 .221(refers to a v)2.721 F .22 -(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F -2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188(tion with that name is unset.)144 120 -R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G 1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E -3.206(passed to subsequent commands.)144 132 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 +F(remo)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F2<ad6e> +2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F1(name)2.537 E F0 .037 +(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F1(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F1(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 +(be unset rather than the v)144 213.6 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 +F F2<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F2 +<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F +.221(options are supplied, each)144 225.6 R F1(name)2.721 E F0 .221 +(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 +(tion with that name is unset.)144 237.6 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G +1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 +(passed to subsequent commands.)144 249.6 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706 (yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 144 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 261.6 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) 4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 156 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) --.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 172.8 Q -F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 -184.8 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ -nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) -3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 196.8 +F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 +273.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 +G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) +-.15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 290.4 Q +F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 +302.4 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\ +nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F1(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process) +3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 314.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G .009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f) --5.009 E F2(id)144.01 208.8 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +-5.009 E F1(id)144.01 326.4 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521 (hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521 -(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 220.8 Q F1 -<ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 +(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 338.4 Q F2 +<ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F2(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1 (wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557 (ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557 -(If the)5.557 F F1<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587 -(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 232.8 R F1(wait) -3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586 +(If the)5.557 F F2<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587 +(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 350.4 R F2(wait) +3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F1(id)3.086 E F0 .586 (to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .755 -(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 244.8 R(If)5.756 -E F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 -(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 256.8 +(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 362.4 R(If)5.756 +E F1(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756 +(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 374.4 R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365 (xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 -268.8 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 285.6 Q F0 -(If)108 297.6 Q F1(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 -F F1(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72> +386.4 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 403.2 Q F0 +(If)108 415.2 Q F2(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 +F F2(rbash)4.397 E F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F2<ad72> 4.397 E F0 1.897(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 309.6 R .945 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. 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