path: root/doc/src/qtquick/qtquick-timeline.qdoc

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/*!
    \contentspage {Qt Design Studio Manual}
    \previouspage qtquick-properties.html
    \page studio-timeline.html
    \nextpage qmldesigner-connections.html

    \title Creating Animations

    You can use the timeline and keyframe based editor in the
    \uicontrol Timeline view to animate the properties of UI components.
    Animating properties enables their values to move through intermediate
    values instead of immediately changing to the target value. For example,
    to move an item in a scene, you can animate the properties that control
    the item's position, x and y, so that the item's position changes at
    keyframes on the way to the target position. Similarly, you could change
    the color and scale properties of the item at keyframes to make it appear
    to move closer or farther away.

    Qt Quick allows you to declare various UI states in \l State objects.
    These states are comprised of property changes from a base state, and
    can be a useful way of organizing your UI logic. Transitions are objects
    you can associate with an item to define how its properties will animate
    when they change due to a state change.

    You can find a video tutorial about creating timelines and adding keyframes
    \l{https://resources.qt.io/development-topic-ui-design/qtdesignstudio-clustertutorial-parttwo}
    {here}.

    \if defined(qtcreator)
    \section1 Enabling the Timeline Editor

    The \uicontrol Timeline view is not visible in \QC by default. To enable
    it, select \uicontrol Tools > \uicontrol Options > \uicontrol {Qt Quick} >
    \uicontrol {Qt Quick Designer} > \uicontrol {Enable Timeline editor}. You
    need to restart \QC for the \uicontrol Timeline view to appear.

    To be able to create timelines, you also need the \l {Qt Quick Timeline}
    module, which is delivered with Qt 5.14, and later. For more
   information about adding the module to an older Qt version, see
    \l{Adding Qt Quick Timeline Module to Qt Installations}.
    \endif

    \section1 Creating Timelines

    You specify settings for the timeline and for running the animation in the
    \uicontrol {Timeline Settings} dialog.

    \image studio-timeline-settings.png "Timeline Settings dialog"

    To create a timeline to animate a UI component:

    \list 1
        \li In the \uicontrol Navigator, select the item to animate.
        \li Select the \uicontrol Timeline tab to open the \uicontrol Timeline
            view.
        \li Select the \inlineimage plus.png
            (\uicontrol {Add Timeline (A)}) button, or press \key {A} to
            specify settings for the timeline and running the animation
            in the \uicontrol {Timeline Settings} dialog.
        \li In the \uicontrol {Timeline ID} field, enter a name that describes
            the animated item.
        \li In the \uicontrol {End frame} field, set the duration of the
            animation.
        \li To use bindings to specify the properties, select the
            \uicontrol {Expression binding} radio button and enter the binding
            in the \uicontrol {Expression binding} field. For more information
            about property binding, see \l{Setting Bindings}.
        \li To create a timeline animation, select the \uicontrol Animation
            radio button.
        \li In the \uicontrol timelineAnimation tab, \uicontrol {Animation ID}
            field, enter a name for the animation.
        \li Select the \uicontrol {Running in Base State} check box to use the
            settings in this tab when previewing the UI. Deselect the check box
            to use the default settings.
        \li In the \uicontrol {Start frame} field, set the first frame of the
            animation.
        \li In the \uicontrol {End frame} field, set the last frame of the
            animation.
        \li In the \uicontrol {Duration} field, set the length of the
            animation from the start frame to the end frame. If you set a
            shorter duration than the number of frames, frames are left out
            from the end of the animation when viewing it.
        \li Select the \uicontrol Continuous check box to loop the animation
            indefinitely.
        \li In the \uicontrol Loops field, select the number of times to run
            the animation as a loop. The default number of loops is one, which
            means that you must restart the animation to see it again
        \li Select the \uicontrol {Ping pong} check box to play the animation
            backwards back to the beginning when it reaches the end.
        \li In the \uicontrol {Transitions to states} field, select the state
            to switch to when the animation finishes.
        \li Select \uicontrol Close to close the dialog and save the settings.
    \endlist

    To create additional timelines, select the \inlineimage plus.png
    (\uicontrol {Add Timeline}) button next to the \uicontrol timeline tab.

    To specify settings for running the timeline animations, select the
    \inlineimage plus.png
    (\uicontrol {Add Animation}) button next to the
    \uicontrol {Animation Settings} group. For example, you could create
    settings for running a part of the timeline animation between specified
    frames or for running the animation backwards from the last frame to the
    first.

    To modify the settings, select the \inlineimage animation.png
    (\uicontrol {Timeline Settings (S)}) button on the toolbar
    (or press \key S) in the \uicontrol Timeline view.

    \section2 Binding Animations to States

    The table at the bottom of the \uicontrol {Timeline Settings} dialog lists
    the available states. Double-click the values in the \uicontrol Timeline
    and \uicontrol Animation column to bind the states to animations. In the
    \uicontrol {Fixed Frame} column, you can bind the states that don't have
    animations to fixed frames.

    \section1 Managing Keyframes

    To animate components in the \uicontrol Timeline view, move to a frame
    on the timeline and specify changes in the values of a property. \QDS
    automatically adds keyframes between two keyframes, and sets their values
    evenly to create an appearance of movement or transformation.

    \section2 Navigating the Timeline

    \image studio-timeline.png "Timeline view"

    You can navigate the timeline in the following ways:

    \list
        \li Drag the playhead (1) to a frame.
        \li Click on the ruler (2) to move to a frame.
        \li Select the \uicontrol {To Start (Home)}, \uicontrol {Previous (,)},
            or \uicontrol {Next (.)} buttons (3), or use the keyboard shortcuts
            to move to the first, previous, or next frame on the timeline.
        \li Enter the number of a frame in the field (4) to move to that frame.
        \li Select the \uicontrol Previous and \uicontrol Next buttons next to
            a property name on the timeline (5) to move to the previous or next
            keyframe for that property.
    \endlist

    \section2 Setting Keyframe Values

    You can insert keyframes for all the properties of all the components that
    you want to animate first, and then record the changes in their values by
    selecting the \inlineimage recordfill.png
    (\uicontrol {Per Property Recording}) button for one property at a time.
    For example, you can hide and show items by turning their visibility off and
    on or by setting their opacity to 0 or 1.

    You can also select the \uicontrol {Auto Key (K)} button (or press \key K)
    to record changes in property values, but you need to be more careful about
    which property values you are changing to avoid surprises.

    To record the changes of property values:

    \list 1
        \li In the \uicontrol Navigator, select the item to animate.
        \li In the \uicontrol Properties view, select \uicontrol Settings >
            \uicontrol {Insert Keyframe} for the property that you want to
            animate.
        \li Select the \uicontrol {Per Property Recording} button to start
            recording property changes.
        \li Check that the playhead is in frame 0 and enter the value of the
            property in the field next to the property name on the timeline.
            Press \key Enter to save the value.
        \li Move the playhead to another frame on the timeline and specify
            the value at that frame.
        \li When you have specified as many values as you need, select
            \uicontrol {Per Property Recording} again to stop recording.
    \endlist

    To remove all the changes you recorded for a property, right-click the
    property name on the timeline and select \uicontrol {Remove Property}.

    Keyframes a marked on the timeline by using markers of different colors and
    shapes, depending on whether they are active or inactive or whether you have
    applied easing curves to them, for example.

    To edit the value of the selected keyframe, select
    \uicontrol {Edit Value for Keyframe} in the context menu.

    You can copy the keyframes from the keyframe track for an item and
    paste them to the keyframe track of another item. To copy all
    keyframes from one item to another one, select an item, and then
    select \uicontrol {Copy All Keyframes} in the context menu. Then
    select the other item and select \uicontrol {Paste Keyframes} in
    the  context menu.

    To delete the selected keyframe, select \uicontrol {Delete Keyframe} in the
    context menu.

    To delete all keyframes from the selected item, select
    \uicontrol {Delete All Keyframes} in the context menu.

    To add keyframes to the keyframe track of an item at the current position
    of the playhead select \uicontrol {Add Keyframes at Current Frame}.

    \section1 Viewing the Animation

    You can view the animation on the canvas by moving the playhead along the
    timeline.

    \if defined(qtdesignstudio)
    To preview the animation, select the \uicontrol {Play (Space)}
    button or press \key Space. To preview the whole UI, select the
    \inlineimage live_preview.png
    (\uicontrol {Show Live Preview}) button on the canvas toolbar
    or press \key {Alt+P}.
    \endif

    \section1 Editing Easing Curves

    \e Easing specifies the rate of a property value over time, so that
    components can appear to pick up speed, slow down, or bounce back at the
    end of the animation. By default, the animations you specify on the
    timeline are \e linear, which means that they move from the beginning to
    the end at a constant speed. You can use the \e {curve picker} to edit the
    easing curve between two keyframes. You can also use the more advanced
    \e {curve editor} to edit the curves for the whole animation.

    \section2 Attaching Easing Curves to Keyframes

    \image studio-curve-picker.png

    You can use the preset curves or modify them by dragging the curve handlers
    around. You can add points to the curve and drag them and the point handlers
    to modify the curve. When you are happy with the curve, you can save it as a
    custom curve. For more information about easing curve types, see the
    documentation for \l [QML] {PropertyAnimation}{easing curves}.

    To zoom into and out of the easing curve picker, use the mouse roller. To
    reset the zoom factor, right-click in the picker and select
    \uicontrol {Reset Zoom}.

    To attach easing curves to keyframes:

    \list 1
        \li Select a keyframe on the timeline.
        \li Select \uicontrol {Curve Picker (C)} on the toolbar, or press
            \key C to open the curve picker.
        \li Select an easing curve in the \uicontrol Presets tab.
        \li In the \uicontrol {Duration (ms)} field, select the duration of the
            easing function in milliseconds.
        \li Select \uicontrol Preview to preview the curve.
        \li Select \uicontrol OK to attach the easing curve to the keyframe
            and to close the curve picker.
    \endlist

    When you attach easing curves to keyframes, the shape of the keyframe
    marker changes from \inlineimage keyframe_linear_inactive.png
    to \inlineimage keyframe_manualbezier_inactive.png
    .

    \section2 Customizing Easing Curves

    To customize easing curves:

    \list 1
        \li In the curve picker, select an easing curve in the
            \uicontrol Presets tab.
        \li Drag the curve handlers to modify the curve.
        \li Right-click in the editor, and select \uicontrol {Add Point} to add
            points to the curve.
        \li Drag the points or the point handlers to modify the curve. If the
            curve becomes invalid, it turns red in the editor and the
            \uicontrol Save button is disabled.
        \li Select \uicontrol Save to save your changes to the curve.
        \li In the \uicontrol Name field, enter a name for the custom curve,
            and then select \uicontrol OK to save the curve in the
            \uicontrol Custom tab.
    \endlist

    To paste easing curve definitions to the curve picker as text, select
    the \uicontrol Text tab.

    \section1 Editing Animation Curves

    In the curve editor, you can view and modify the whole animation curve. You
    can insert keyframes to the curve and drag them and the point handlers to
    modify the curve. You can modify the appearance of the curve in the style
    editor.

    You can also edit easing curves that you added with the curve picker.

    \image studio-curve-editor.png

    To edit animation curves:

    \list 1
        \li In the \uicontrol Timeline view, insert at least one keyframe.
        \li Select \inlineimage curveGraphIcon.png
            (\uicontrol {Curve Editor (C)} on the toolbar or press \key C
            to open the curve editor.
        \li Right-click in the curve editor, and select
            \uicontrol {Insert Keyframe} to add a keyframe.
        \li Select keyframes to display the easing curves attached to them.
            To select multiple keyframes, press and hold \key Ctrl.
    \endlist

    Your changes are automatically saved when you close the editor.

    \section1 Rotating Items

    To animate components that rotate around a central point, you can use the
    \l Item QML type as a parent for the rotating component. Then create a
    timeline for the Item and set the rotation property for the start and end
    keyframes.

    \if defined(qtdesignstudio)
    \section1 Animating Shapes

    You can use the Studio components to animate the following shapes:

    \list
        \li \l Arc
        \li \l Border
        \li \l Pie
        \li \l Rectangle
        \li \l Triangle
    \endlist
    \endif
*/