1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
|
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2018 The Qt Company Ltd.
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the Qt Creator documentation.
**
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** GNU Free Documentation License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Free
** Documentation License version 1.3 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file included in the packaging of
** this file. Please review the following information to ensure
** the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 requirements
** will be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.html.
**
****************************************************************************/
/*!
\contentspage {Qt Creator Manual}
\previouspage quick-connections-backend.html
\page quick-states.html
\nextpage quick-components.html
\title Adding States
User interfaces are designed to present different interface configurations
in different scenarios, or to modify their appearances in response to user
interaction. Often, there are a set of changes that are made concurrently,
such that the interface could be seen to be internally changing from one
\e state to another.
This applies generally to interfaces regardless of their complexity. A photo
viewer may initially present images in a grid, and when an image is clicked,
change to a detailed state where the individual image is expanded and the
interface is changed to present new options for image editing. At the other
end of the scale, when a button is pressed, it may change to a
\e pressed state in which its color and position are modified so that it
appears to be pressed down.
In QML, any item can change between different states to apply sets of
changes that modify the properties of relevant items. Each state can
present a different configuration that can, for example:
\list
\li Show some UI items and hide others.
\li Present different available actions to the user.
\li Start, stop or pause animations.
\li Execute some script required in the new state.
\li Change a property value for a particular item.
\li Show a different view or screen.
\endlist
The \uicontrol State pane displays the different \l{State}{states}
of the component in the Design mode. The \uicontrol State pane is
collapsed by default to save space. Select \uicontrol Expand in
the context menu to view the whole pane.
\image qmldesigner-transitions.png "State pane"
To add states, click the \inlineimage plus.png
button. Then modify the new state in the editor. For example, to change the
appearance of a button, you can hide the button image and show another image
in its place. Or, to add movement to the screen, you can change the position
of an object on the canvas and then add animation to the change between the
states.
To determine when the state should be applied, select
\uicontrol {Set when Condition} in the menu and specify a
\l [QtQuick]{State::when}{when} property for the state.
You can preview the states in the \uicontrol State pane and click them to
switch between states on the canvas.
\section1 Using States
QML states typically describe user interface configurations, such as the UI
controls, their properties and behavior and the available actions. For
example, you can use states to create two screens.
To add states, click the empty slot in the \uicontrol States pane.
Then modify the new state in the \uicontrol {Form Editor} or the
\uicontrol Properties pane.
\image qmldesigner-states.png "States pane"
The properties that you change in a state are highlighted with blue color.
In the \uicontrol {Text Editor}, you can see the changes recorded as changes
to the base state.
To keep the QML code clean, you should create a base state that contains all
the types you will need in the application. You can then create states,
in which you hide and show a set of items and modify their properties.
This allows you to:
\list
\li Align items on different screens with each other.
\li Avoid excessive property changes. If an item is invisible in the
base state, you must define all changes to its child types as
property changes, which leads to complicated QML code.
\li Minimize the differences between the base state and the other states
to keep the QML code short and readable and to improve performance.
\li Avoid problems when using transitions and animation when changing
states.
\endlist
To create screens for an application by using states:
\list 1
\li In the base state, add all items you will need in the application
(1). While you work on one screen, you can click the
\inlineimage eye_open.png
icon to hide items on the canvas that are not part of a screen.
\li In the \uicontrol States pane, click the empty slot to create a
new state and give it a name. For example, \c Normal.
\li In the \uicontrol Properties pane (2), deselect the
\uicontrol Visibility check box or set \uicontrol Opacity to 0
for each item that is not needed in this view. If you specify
the setting for the parent item, all child items inherit it and
are also hidden.
\image qmldesigner-screen-design.png "Designing screens"
\li Create additional states for each screen and set the visibility
or opacity of the items in the screen.
\li To determine which view opens when the application starts, use the
\uicontrol {Text Editor} to set the state of the root item of the
.qml file, as specified by the following code snippet:
\qml
Item {
state: "Normal"
}
\endqml
\endlist
\include qtquick-states-scxml.qdocinc scxml state machines
\section1 Animating Transitions Between States
To make movement between states smooth, you can specify transitions. You can
use different types of animated transitions. For example, you can animate
changes to property values and colors. You can use rotation animation to
control the direction of rotation. For more information, see
\l{Animation and Transitions in Qt Quick}.
You can use the \c ParallelAnimation type to start several animations at
the same time. Or use the \c SequentialAnimation type to run them one
after another.
You can use the \uicontrol {Text Editor} to specify transitions. For more
information, see \l{Transition}.
*/
|
