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-% XXX Label can't be _ast?
-% XXX Where should this section/chapter go?
-\chapter{Abstract Syntax Trees\label{ast}}
-
-\sectionauthor{Martin v. L\"owis}{martin@v.loewis.de}
-
-\versionadded{2.5}
-
-The \code{_ast} module helps Python applications to process
-trees of the Python abstract syntax grammar. The Python compiler
-currently provides read-only access to such trees, meaning that
-applications can only create a tree for a given piece of Python
-source code; generating byte code from a (potentially modified)
-tree is not supported. The abstract syntax itself might change with
-each Python release; this module helps to find out programmatically
-what the current grammar looks like.
-
-An abstract syntax tree can be generated by passing \code{_ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST}
-as a flag to the \function{compile} builtin function. The result will be a tree
-of objects whose classes all inherit from \code{_ast.AST}.
-
-The actual classes are derived from the \code{Parser/Python.asdl} file,
-which is reproduced below. There is one class defined for each left-hand
-side symbol in the abstract grammar (for example, \code{_ast.stmt} or \code{_ast.expr}).
-In addition, there is one class defined for each constructor on the
-right-hand side; these classes inherit from the classes for the left-hand
-side trees. For example, \code{_ast.BinOp} inherits from \code{_ast.expr}.
-For production rules with alternatives (aka "sums"), the left-hand side
-class is abstract: only instances of specific constructor nodes are ever
-created.
-
-Each concrete class has an attribute \code{_fields} which gives the
-names of all child nodes.
-
-Each instance of a concrete class has one attribute for each child node,
-of the type as defined in the grammar. For example, \code{_ast.BinOp}
-instances have an attribute \code{left} of type \code{_ast.expr}.
-Instances of \code{_ast.expr} and \code{_ast.stmt} subclasses also
-have lineno and col_offset attributes. The lineno is the line number
-of source text (1 indexed so the first line is line 1) and the
-col_offset is the utf8 byte offset of the first token that generated
-the node. The utf8 offset is recorded because the parser uses utf8
-internally.
-
-If these attributes are marked as optional in the grammar (using a
-question mark), the value might be \code{None}. If the attributes
-can have zero-or-more values (marked with an asterisk), the
-values are represented as Python lists.
-
-\section{Abstract Grammar}
-
-The module defines a string constant \code{__version__} which
-is the decimal subversion revision number of the file shown below.
-
-The abstract grammar is currently defined as follows:
-
-\verbatiminput{../../Parser/Python.asdl}