bpo-31333: Re-implement ABCMeta in C (GH-5733)

This adds C versions of methods used by ABCMeta that
improve performance of various ABC operations.

14 files changed, 1640 insertions, 536 deletions

diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
index 748189e574..80bc8fb3d9 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
@@ -845,6 +845,12 @@ Optimizations
 * Constant folding is moved from peephole optimizer to new AST optimizer.
   (Contributed by Eugene Toder and INADA Naoki in :issue:`29469`)
 
+* Most functions and methods in :mod:`abc` have been rewrittent in C.
+  This makes creation of abstract base classes, and calling :func:`isinstance`
+  and :func:`issubclass` on them 1.5x faster.  This also reduces Python
+  start-up time by up to 10%. (Contributed by Ivan Levkivskyi and INADA Naoki
+  in :issue:`31333`)
+
 Build and C API Changes
 =======================
 
diff --git a/Lib/_py_abc.py b/Lib/_py_abc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f42ef32fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/_py_abc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+from _weakrefset import WeakSet
+
+
+def get_cache_token():
+    """Returns the current ABC cache token.
+
+    The token is an opaque object (supporting equality testing) identifying the
+    current version of the ABC cache for virtual subclasses. The token changes
+    with every call to ``register()`` on any ABC.
+    """
+    return ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter
+
+
+class ABCMeta(type):
+    """Metaclass for defining Abstract Base Classes (ABCs).
+
+    Use this metaclass to create an ABC.  An ABC can be subclassed
+    directly, and then acts as a mix-in class.  You can also register
+    unrelated concrete classes (even built-in classes) and unrelated
+    ABCs as 'virtual subclasses' -- these and their descendants will
+    be considered subclasses of the registering ABC by the built-in
+    issubclass() function, but the registering ABC won't show up in
+    their MRO (Method Resolution Order) nor will method
+    implementations defined by the registering ABC be callable (not
+    even via super()).
+    """
+
+    # A global counter that is incremented each time a class is
+    # registered as a virtual subclass of anything.  It forces the
+    # negative cache to be cleared before its next use.
+    # Note: this counter is private. Use `abc.get_cache_token()` for
+    #       external code.
+    _abc_invalidation_counter = 0
+
+    def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):
+        cls = super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
+        # Compute set of abstract method names
+        abstracts = {name
+                     for name, value in namespace.items()
+                     if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False)}
+        for base in bases:
+            for name in getattr(base, "__abstractmethods__", set()):
+                value = getattr(cls, name, None)
+                if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False):
+                    abstracts.add(name)
+        cls.__abstractmethods__ = frozenset(abstracts)
+        # Set up inheritance registry
+        cls._abc_registry = WeakSet()
+        cls._abc_cache = WeakSet()
+        cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet()
+        cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter
+        return cls
+
+    def register(cls, subclass):
+        """Register a virtual subclass of an ABC.
+
+        Returns the subclass, to allow usage as a class decorator.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(subclass, type):
+            raise TypeError("Can only register classes")
+        if issubclass(subclass, cls):
+            return subclass  # Already a subclass
+        # Subtle: test for cycles *after* testing for "already a subclass";
+        # this means we allow X.register(X) and interpret it as a no-op.
+        if issubclass(cls, subclass):
+            # This would create a cycle, which is bad for the algorithm below
+            raise RuntimeError("Refusing to create an inheritance cycle")
+        cls._abc_registry.add(subclass)
+        ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter += 1  # Invalidate negative cache
+        return subclass
+
+    def _dump_registry(cls, file=None):
+        """Debug helper to print the ABC registry."""
+        print(f"Class: {cls.__module__}.{cls.__qualname__}", file=file)
+        print(f"Inv. counter: {get_cache_token()}", file=file)
+        for name in cls.__dict__:
+            if name.startswith("_abc_"):
+                value = getattr(cls, name)
+                if isinstance(value, WeakSet):
+                    value = set(value)
+                print(f"{name}: {value!r}", file=file)
+
+    def _abc_registry_clear(cls):
+        """Clear the registry (for debugging or testing)."""
+        cls._abc_registry.clear()
+
+    def _abc_caches_clear(cls):
+        """Clear the caches (for debugging or testing)."""
+        cls._abc_cache.clear()
+        cls._abc_negative_cache.clear()
+
+    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+        """Override for isinstance(instance, cls)."""
+        # Inline the cache checking
+        subclass = instance.__class__
+        if subclass in cls._abc_cache:
+            return True
+        subtype = type(instance)
+        if subtype is subclass:
+            if (cls._abc_negative_cache_version ==
+                ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter and
+                subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache):
+                return False
+            # Fall back to the subclass check.
+            return cls.__subclasscheck__(subclass)
+        return any(cls.__subclasscheck__(c) for c in (subclass, subtype))
+
+    def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass):
+        """Override for issubclass(subclass, cls)."""
+        # Check cache
+        if subclass in cls._abc_cache:
+            return True
+        # Check negative cache; may have to invalidate
+        if cls._abc_negative_cache_version < ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter:
+            # Invalidate the negative cache
+            cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet()
+            cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter
+        elif subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache:
+            return False
+        # Check the subclass hook
+        ok = cls.__subclasshook__(subclass)
+        if ok is not NotImplemented:
+            assert isinstance(ok, bool)
+            if ok:
+                cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
+            else:
+                cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass)
+            return ok
+        # Check if it's a direct subclass
+        if cls in getattr(subclass, '__mro__', ()):
+            cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
+            return True
+        # Check if it's a subclass of a registered class (recursive)
+        for rcls in cls._abc_registry:
+            if issubclass(subclass, rcls):
+                cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
+                return True
+        # Check if it's a subclass of a subclass (recursive)
+        for scls in cls.__subclasses__():
+            if issubclass(subclass, scls):
+                cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
+                return True
+        # No dice; update negative cache
+        cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass)
+        return False
diff --git a/Lib/abc.py b/Lib/abc.py
index 9bdc36dce6..7094141277 100644
--- a/Lib/abc.py
+++ b/Lib/abc.py
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 
 """Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) according to PEP 3119."""
 
-from _weakrefset import WeakSet
-
 
 def abstractmethod(funcobj):
     """A decorator indicating abstract methods.
@@ -27,8 +25,7 @@ def abstractmethod(funcobj):
 
 
 class abstractclassmethod(classmethod):
-    """
-    A decorator indicating abstract classmethods.
+    """A decorator indicating abstract classmethods.
 
     Similar to abstractmethod.
 
@@ -51,8 +48,7 @@ class abstractclassmethod(classmethod):
 
 
 class abstractstaticmethod(staticmethod):
-    """
-    A decorator indicating abstract staticmethods.
+    """A decorator indicating abstract staticmethods.
 
     Similar to abstractmethod.
 
@@ -75,8 +71,7 @@ class abstractstaticmethod(staticmethod):
 
 
 class abstractproperty(property):
-    """
-    A decorator indicating abstract properties.
+    """A decorator indicating abstract properties.
 
     Requires that the metaclass is ABCMeta or derived from it.  A
     class that has a metaclass derived from ABCMeta cannot be
@@ -106,131 +101,66 @@ class abstractproperty(property):
     __isabstractmethod__ = True
 
 
-class ABCMeta(type):
-
-    """Metaclass for defining Abstract Base Classes (ABCs).
-
-    Use this metaclass to create an ABC.  An ABC can be subclassed
-    directly, and then acts as a mix-in class.  You can also register
-    unrelated concrete classes (even built-in classes) and unrelated
-    ABCs as 'virtual subclasses' -- these and their descendants will
-    be considered subclasses of the registering ABC by the built-in
-    issubclass() function, but the registering ABC won't show up in
-    their MRO (Method Resolution Order) nor will method
-    implementations defined by the registering ABC be callable (not
-    even via super()).
-
-    """
-
-    # A global counter that is incremented each time a class is
-    # registered as a virtual subclass of anything.  It forces the
-    # negative cache to be cleared before its next use.
-    # Note: this counter is private. Use `abc.get_cache_token()` for
-    #       external code.
-    _abc_invalidation_counter = 0
-
-    def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):
-        cls = super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
-        # Compute set of abstract method names
-        abstracts = {name
-                     for name, value in namespace.items()
-                     if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False)}
-        for base in bases:
-            for name in getattr(base, "__abstractmethods__", set()):
-                value = getattr(cls, name, None)
-                if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False):
-                    abstracts.add(name)
-        cls.__abstractmethods__ = frozenset(abstracts)
-        # Set up inheritance registry
-        cls._abc_registry = WeakSet()
-        cls._abc_cache = WeakSet()
-        cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet()
-        cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter
-        return cls
-
-    def register(cls, subclass):
-        """Register a virtual subclass of an ABC.
-
-        Returns the subclass, to allow usage as a class decorator.
+try:
+    from _abc import (get_cache_token, _abc_init, _abc_register,
+                      _abc_instancecheck, _abc_subclasscheck, _get_dump,
+                      _reset_registry, _reset_caches)
+except ImportError:
+    from _py_abc import ABCMeta, get_cache_token
+    ABCMeta.__module__ = 'abc'
+else:
+    class ABCMeta(type):
+        """Metaclass for defining Abstract Base Classes (ABCs).
+
+        Use this metaclass to create an ABC.  An ABC can be subclassed
+        directly, and then acts as a mix-in class.  You can also register
+        unrelated concrete classes (even built-in classes) and unrelated
+        ABCs as 'virtual subclasses' -- these and their descendants will
+        be considered subclasses of the registering ABC by the built-in
+        issubclass() function, but the registering ABC won't show up in
+        their MRO (Method Resolution Order) nor will method
+        implementations defined by the registering ABC be callable (not
+        even via super()).
         """
-        if not isinstance(subclass, type):
-            raise TypeError("Can only register classes")
-        if issubclass(subclass, cls):
-            return subclass  # Already a subclass
-        # Subtle: test for cycles *after* testing for "already a subclass";
-        # this means we allow X.register(X) and interpret it as a no-op.
-        if issubclass(cls, subclass):
-            # This would create a cycle, which is bad for the algorithm below
-            raise RuntimeError("Refusing to create an inheritance cycle")
-        cls._abc_registry.add(subclass)
-        ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter += 1  # Invalidate negative cache
-        return subclass
-
-    def _dump_registry(cls, file=None):
-        """Debug helper to print the ABC registry."""
-        print("Class: %s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__qualname__), file=file)
-        print("Inv.counter: %s" % ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter, file=file)
-        for name in cls.__dict__:
-            if name.startswith("_abc_"):
-                value = getattr(cls, name)
-                if isinstance(value, WeakSet):
-                    value = set(value)
-                print("%s: %r" % (name, value), file=file)
-
-    def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
-        """Override for isinstance(instance, cls)."""
-        # Inline the cache checking
-        subclass = instance.__class__
-        if subclass in cls._abc_cache:
-            return True
-        subtype = type(instance)
-        if subtype is subclass:
-            if (cls._abc_negative_cache_version ==
-                ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter and
-                subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache):
-                return False
-            # Fall back to the subclass check.
-            return cls.__subclasscheck__(subclass)
-        return any(cls.__subclasscheck__(c) for c in {subclass, subtype})
-
-    def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass):
-        """Override for issubclass(subclass, cls)."""
-        # Check cache
-        if subclass in cls._abc_cache:
-            return True
-        # Check negative cache; may have to invalidate
-        if cls._abc_negative_cache_version < ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter:
-            # Invalidate the negative cache
-            cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet()
-            cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter
-        elif subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache:
-            return False
-        # Check the subclass hook
-        ok = cls.__subclasshook__(subclass)
-        if ok is not NotImplemented:
-            assert isinstance(ok, bool)
-            if ok:
-                cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
-            else:
-                cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass)
-            return ok
-        # Check if it's a direct subclass
-        if cls in getattr(subclass, '__mro__', ()):
-            cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
-            return True
-        # Check if it's a subclass of a registered class (recursive)
-        for rcls in cls._abc_registry:
-            if issubclass(subclass, rcls):
-                cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
-                return True
-        # Check if it's a subclass of a subclass (recursive)
-        for scls in cls.__subclasses__():
-            if issubclass(subclass, scls):
-                cls._abc_cache.add(subclass)
-                return True
-        # No dice; update negative cache
-        cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass)
-        return False
+        def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs):
+            cls = super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)
+            _abc_init(cls)
+            return cls
+
+        def register(cls, subclass):
+            """Register a virtual subclass of an ABC.
+
+            Returns the subclass, to allow usage as a class decorator.
+            """
+            return _abc_register(cls, subclass)
+
+        def __instancecheck__(cls, instance):
+            """Override for isinstance(instance, cls)."""
+            return _abc_instancecheck(cls, instance)
+
+        def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass):
+            """Override for issubclass(subclass, cls)."""
+            return _abc_subclasscheck(cls, subclass)
+
+        def _dump_registry(cls, file=None):
+            """Debug helper to print the ABC registry."""
+            print(f"Class: {cls.__module__}.{cls.__qualname__}", file=file)
+            print(f"Inv. counter: {get_cache_token()}", file=file)
+            (_abc_registry, _abc_cache, _abc_negative_cache,
+             _abc_negative_cache_version) = _get_dump(cls)
+            print(f"_abc_registry: {_abc_registry!r}", file=file)
+            print(f"_abc_cache: {_abc_cache!r}", file=file)
+            print(f"_abc_negative_cache: {_abc_negative_cache!r}", file=file)
+            print(f"_abc_negative_cache_version: {_abc_negative_cache_version!r}",
+                  file=file)
+
+        def _abc_registry_clear(cls):
+            """Clear the registry (for debugging or testing)."""
+            _reset_registry(cls)
+
+        def _abc_caches_clear(cls):
+            """Clear the caches (for debugging or testing)."""
+            _reset_caches(cls)
 
 
 class ABC(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@@ -238,13 +168,3 @@ class ABC(metaclass=ABCMeta):
     inheritance.
     """
     __slots__ = ()
-
-
-def get_cache_token():
-    """Returns the current ABC cache token.
-
-    The token is an opaque object (supporting equality testing) identifying the
-    current version of the ABC cache for virtual subclasses. The token changes
-    with every call to ``register()`` on any ABC.
-    """
-    return ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/refleak.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/refleak.py
index 2ca9aa8764..6724488fcf 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/refleak.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/refleak.py
@@ -5,6 +5,13 @@ import sys
 import warnings
 from inspect import isabstract
 from test import support
+try:
+    from _abc import _get_dump
+except ImportError:
+    def _get_dump(cls):
+        # For legacy Python version
+        return (cls._abc_registry, cls._abc_cache,
+                cls._abc_negative_cache, cls._abc_negative_cache_version)
 
 
 def dash_R(the_module, test, indirect_test, huntrleaks):
@@ -36,7 +43,7 @@ def dash_R(the_module, test, indirect_test, huntrleaks):
         if not isabstract(abc):
             continue
         for obj in abc.__subclasses__() + [abc]:
-            abcs[obj] = obj._abc_registry.copy()
+            abcs[obj] = _get_dump(obj)[0]
 
     # bpo-31217: Integer pool to get a single integer object for the same
     # value. The pool is used to prevent false alarm when checking for memory
@@ -113,7 +120,6 @@ def dash_R(the_module, test, indirect_test, huntrleaks):
 def dash_R_cleanup(fs, ps, pic, zdc, abcs):
     import gc, copyreg
     import collections.abc
-    from weakref import WeakSet
 
     # Restore some original values.
     warnings.filters[:] = fs
@@ -137,9 +143,10 @@ def dash_R_cleanup(fs, ps, pic, zdc, abcs):
     abs_classes = filter(isabstract, abs_classes)
     for abc in abs_classes:
         for obj in abc.__subclasses__() + [abc]:
-            obj._abc_registry = abcs.get(obj, WeakSet()).copy()
-            obj._abc_cache.clear()
-            obj._abc_negative_cache.clear()
+            for ref in abcs.get(obj, set()):
+                if ref() is not None:
+                    obj.register(ref())
+            obj._abc_caches_clear()
 
     clear_caches()
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_abc.py b/Lib/test/test_abc.py
index 61c2876708..af26c1d6b8 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_abc.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_abc.py
@@ -1,422 +1,445 @@
 # Copyright 2007 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
 
+# Note: each test is run with Python and C versions of ABCMeta. Except for
+# test_ABC_helper(), which assures that abc.ABC is an instance of abc.ABCMeta.
+
 """Unit tests for abc.py."""
 
 import unittest
 
 import abc
+import _py_abc
 from inspect import isabstract
 
+def test_factory(abc_ABCMeta, abc_get_cache_token):
+    class TestLegacyAPI(unittest.TestCase):
 
-class TestLegacyAPI(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def test_abstractproperty_basics(self):
-        @abc.abstractproperty
-        def foo(self): pass
-        self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
-        def bar(self): pass
-        self.assertFalse(hasattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__"))
-
-        class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+        def test_abstractproperty_basics(self):
             @abc.abstractproperty
-            def foo(self): return 3
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
-        class D(C):
-            @property
-            def foo(self): return super().foo
-        self.assertEqual(D().foo, 3)
-        self.assertFalse(getattr(D.foo, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
-
-    def test_abstractclassmethod_basics(self):
-        @abc.abstractclassmethod
-        def foo(cls): pass
-        self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
-        @classmethod
-        def bar(cls): pass
-        self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
-
-        class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+            def foo(self): pass
+            self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
+            def bar(self): pass
+            self.assertFalse(hasattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__"))
+
+            class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                @abc.abstractproperty
+                def foo(self): return 3
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
+            class D(C):
+                @property
+                def foo(self): return super().foo
+            self.assertEqual(D().foo, 3)
+            self.assertFalse(getattr(D.foo, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
+
+        def test_abstractclassmethod_basics(self):
             @abc.abstractclassmethod
-            def foo(cls): return cls.__name__
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
-        class D(C):
+            def foo(cls): pass
+            self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
             @classmethod
-            def foo(cls): return super().foo()
-        self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 'D')
-        self.assertEqual(D().foo(), 'D')
-
-    def test_abstractstaticmethod_basics(self):
-        @abc.abstractstaticmethod
-        def foo(): pass
-        self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
-        @staticmethod
-        def bar(): pass
-        self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
-
-        class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+            def bar(cls): pass
+            self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
+
+            class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                @abc.abstractclassmethod
+                def foo(cls): return cls.__name__
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
+            class D(C):
+                @classmethod
+                def foo(cls): return super().foo()
+            self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 'D')
+            self.assertEqual(D().foo(), 'D')
+
+        def test_abstractstaticmethod_basics(self):
             @abc.abstractstaticmethod
-            def foo(): return 3
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
-        class D(C):
+            def foo(): pass
+            self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
             @staticmethod
-            def foo(): return 4
-        self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 4)
-        self.assertEqual(D().foo(), 4)
-
+            def bar(): pass
+            self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
 
-class TestABC(unittest.TestCase):
+            class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                @abc.abstractstaticmethod
+                def foo(): return 3
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
+            class D(C):
+                @staticmethod
+                def foo(): return 4
+            self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 4)
+            self.assertEqual(D().foo(), 4)
+
+
+    class TestABC(unittest.TestCase):
+
+        def test_ABC_helper(self):
+            # create an ABC using the helper class and perform basic checks
+            class C(abc.ABC):
+                @classmethod
+                @abc.abstractmethod
+                def foo(cls): return cls.__name__
+            self.assertEqual(type(C), abc.ABCMeta)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
+            class D(C):
+                @classmethod
+                def foo(cls): return super().foo()
+            self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 'D')
 
-    def test_ABC_helper(self):
-        # create an ABC using the helper class and perform basic checks
-        class C(abc.ABC):
-            @classmethod
+        def test_abstractmethod_basics(self):
             @abc.abstractmethod
-            def foo(cls): return cls.__name__
-        self.assertEqual(type(C), abc.ABCMeta)
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
-        class D(C):
-            @classmethod
-            def foo(cls): return super().foo()
-        self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 'D')
-
-    def test_abstractmethod_basics(self):
-        @abc.abstractmethod
-        def foo(self): pass
-        self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
-        def bar(self): pass
-        self.assertFalse(hasattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__"))
-
-    def test_abstractproperty_basics(self):
-        @property
-        @abc.abstractmethod
-        def foo(self): pass
-        self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
-        def bar(self): pass
-        self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
-
-        class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+            def foo(self): pass
+            self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
+            def bar(self): pass
+            self.assertFalse(hasattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__"))
+
+        def test_abstractproperty_basics(self):
             @property
             @abc.abstractmethod
-            def foo(self): return 3
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
-        class D(C):
-            @C.foo.getter
-            def foo(self): return super().foo
-        self.assertEqual(D().foo, 3)
-
-    def test_abstractclassmethod_basics(self):
-        @classmethod
-        @abc.abstractmethod
-        def foo(cls): pass
-        self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
-        @classmethod
-        def bar(cls): pass
-        self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
-
-        class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+            def foo(self): pass
+            self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
+            def bar(self): pass
+            self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
+
+            class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                @property
+                @abc.abstractmethod
+                def foo(self): return 3
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
+            class D(C):
+                @C.foo.getter
+                def foo(self): return super().foo
+            self.assertEqual(D().foo, 3)
+
+        def test_abstractclassmethod_basics(self):
             @classmethod
             @abc.abstractmethod
-            def foo(cls): return cls.__name__
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
-        class D(C):
+            def foo(cls): pass
+            self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
             @classmethod
-            def foo(cls): return super().foo()
-        self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 'D')
-        self.assertEqual(D().foo(), 'D')
-
-    def test_abstractstaticmethod_basics(self):
-        @staticmethod
-        @abc.abstractmethod
-        def foo(): pass
-        self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
-        @staticmethod
-        def bar(): pass
-        self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
-
-        class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
+            def bar(cls): pass
+            self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
+
+            class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                @classmethod
+                @abc.abstractmethod
+                def foo(cls): return cls.__name__
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
+            class D(C):
+                @classmethod
+                def foo(cls): return super().foo()
+            self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 'D')
+            self.assertEqual(D().foo(), 'D')
+
+        def test_abstractstaticmethod_basics(self):
             @staticmethod
             @abc.abstractmethod
-            def foo(): return 3
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
-        class D(C):
+            def foo(): pass
+            self.assertTrue(foo.__isabstractmethod__)
             @staticmethod
-            def foo(): return 4
-        self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 4)
-        self.assertEqual(D().foo(), 4)
-
-    def test_abstractmethod_integration(self):
-        for abstractthing in [abc.abstractmethod, abc.abstractproperty,
-                              abc.abstractclassmethod,
-                              abc.abstractstaticmethod]:
-            class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-                @abstractthing
-                def foo(self): pass  # abstract
-                def bar(self): pass  # concrete
-            self.assertEqual(C.__abstractmethods__, {"foo"})
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)  # because foo is abstract
-            self.assertTrue(isabstract(C))
+            def bar(): pass
+            self.assertFalse(getattr(bar, "__isabstractmethod__", False))
+
+            class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                @staticmethod
+                @abc.abstractmethod
+                def foo(): return 3
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
             class D(C):
-                def bar(self): pass  # concrete override of concrete
-            self.assertEqual(D.__abstractmethods__, {"foo"})
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, D)  # because foo is still abstract
-            self.assertTrue(isabstract(D))
+                @staticmethod
+                def foo(): return 4
+            self.assertEqual(D.foo(), 4)
+            self.assertEqual(D().foo(), 4)
+
+        def test_abstractmethod_integration(self):
+            for abstractthing in [abc.abstractmethod, abc.abstractproperty,
+                                  abc.abstractclassmethod,
+                                  abc.abstractstaticmethod]:
+                class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                    @abstractthing
+                    def foo(self): pass  # abstract
+                    def bar(self): pass  # concrete
+                self.assertEqual(C.__abstractmethods__, {"foo"})
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)  # because foo is abstract
+                self.assertTrue(isabstract(C))
+                class D(C):
+                    def bar(self): pass  # concrete override of concrete
+                self.assertEqual(D.__abstractmethods__, {"foo"})
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, D)  # because foo is still abstract
+                self.assertTrue(isabstract(D))
+                class E(D):
+                    def foo(self): pass
+                self.assertEqual(E.__abstractmethods__, set())
+                E()  # now foo is concrete, too
+                self.assertFalse(isabstract(E))
+                class F(E):
+                    @abstractthing
+                    def bar(self): pass  # abstract override of concrete
+                self.assertEqual(F.__abstractmethods__, {"bar"})
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, F)  # because bar is abstract now
+                self.assertTrue(isabstract(F))
+
+        def test_descriptors_with_abstractmethod(self):
+            class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                @property
+                @abc.abstractmethod
+                def foo(self): return 3
+                @foo.setter
+                @abc.abstractmethod
+                def foo(self, val): pass
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
+            class D(C):
+                @C.foo.getter
+                def foo(self): return super().foo
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, D)
             class E(D):
-                def foo(self): pass
-            self.assertEqual(E.__abstractmethods__, set())
-            E()  # now foo is concrete, too
-            self.assertFalse(isabstract(E))
-            class F(E):
-                @abstractthing
-                def bar(self): pass  # abstract override of concrete
-            self.assertEqual(F.__abstractmethods__, {"bar"})
-            self.assertRaises(TypeError, F)  # because bar is abstract now
-            self.assertTrue(isabstract(F))
-
-    def test_descriptors_with_abstractmethod(self):
-        class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            @property
-            @abc.abstractmethod
-            def foo(self): return 3
-            @foo.setter
-            @abc.abstractmethod
-            def foo(self, val): pass
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
-        class D(C):
-            @C.foo.getter
-            def foo(self): return super().foo
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, D)
-        class E(D):
-            @D.foo.setter
-            def foo(self, val): pass
-        self.assertEqual(E().foo, 3)
-        # check that the property's __isabstractmethod__ descriptor does the
-        # right thing when presented with a value that fails truth testing:
-        class NotBool(object):
-            def __bool__(self):
-                raise ValueError()
-            __len__ = __bool__
-        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            class F(C):
-                def bar(self):
+                @D.foo.setter
+                def foo(self, val): pass
+            self.assertEqual(E().foo, 3)
+            # check that the property's __isabstractmethod__ descriptor does the
+            # right thing when presented with a value that fails truth testing:
+            class NotBool(object):
+                def __bool__(self):
+                    raise ValueError()
+                __len__ = __bool__
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                class F(C):
+                    def bar(self):
+                        pass
+                    bar.__isabstractmethod__ = NotBool()
+                    foo = property(bar)
+
+
+        def test_customdescriptors_with_abstractmethod(self):
+            class Descriptor:
+                def __init__(self, fget, fset=None):
+                    self._fget = fget
+                    self._fset = fset
+                def getter(self, callable):
+                    return Descriptor(callable, self._fget)
+                def setter(self, callable):
+                    return Descriptor(self._fget, callable)
+                @property
+                def __isabstractmethod__(self):
+                    return (getattr(self._fget, '__isabstractmethod__', False)
+                            or getattr(self._fset, '__isabstractmethod__', False))
+            class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                @Descriptor
+                @abc.abstractmethod
+                def foo(self): return 3
+                @foo.setter
+                @abc.abstractmethod
+                def foo(self, val): pass
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
+            class D(C):
+                @C.foo.getter
+                def foo(self): return super().foo
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, D)
+            class E(D):
+                @D.foo.setter
+                def foo(self, val): pass
+            self.assertFalse(E.foo.__isabstractmethod__)
+
+        def test_metaclass_abc(self):
+            # Metaclasses can be ABCs, too.
+            class A(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                @abc.abstractmethod
+                def x(self):
                     pass
-                bar.__isabstractmethod__ = NotBool()
-                foo = property(bar)
-
-
-    def test_customdescriptors_with_abstractmethod(self):
-        class Descriptor:
-            def __init__(self, fget, fset=None):
-                self._fget = fget
-                self._fset = fset
-            def getter(self, callable):
-                return Descriptor(callable, self._fget)
-            def setter(self, callable):
-                return Descriptor(self._fget, callable)
-            @property
-            def __isabstractmethod__(self):
-                return (getattr(self._fget, '__isabstractmethod__', False)
-                        or getattr(self._fset, '__isabstractmethod__', False))
-        class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            @Descriptor
-            @abc.abstractmethod
-            def foo(self): return 3
-            @foo.setter
-            @abc.abstractmethod
-            def foo(self, val): pass
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, C)
-        class D(C):
-            @C.foo.getter
-            def foo(self): return super().foo
-        self.assertRaises(TypeError, D)
-        class E(D):
-            @D.foo.setter
-            def foo(self, val): pass
-        self.assertFalse(E.foo.__isabstractmethod__)
-
-    def test_metaclass_abc(self):
-        # Metaclasses can be ABCs, too.
-        class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            @abc.abstractmethod
-            def x(self):
+            self.assertEqual(A.__abstractmethods__, {"x"})
+            class meta(type, A):
+                def x(self):
+                    return 1
+            class C(metaclass=meta):
+                pass
+
+        def test_registration_basics(self):
+            class A(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            class B(object):
+                pass
+            b = B()
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(B, A))
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(B, (A,)))
+            self.assertNotIsInstance(b, A)
+            self.assertNotIsInstance(b, (A,))
+            B1 = A.register(B)
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(B, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(B, (A,)))
+            self.assertIsInstance(b, A)
+            self.assertIsInstance(b, (A,))
+            self.assertIs(B1, B)
+            class C(B):
+                pass
+            c = C()
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, (A,)))
+            self.assertIsInstance(c, A)
+            self.assertIsInstance(c, (A,))
+
+        def test_register_as_class_deco(self):
+            class A(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            @A.register
+            class B(object):
+                pass
+            b = B()
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(B, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(B, (A,)))
+            self.assertIsInstance(b, A)
+            self.assertIsInstance(b, (A,))
+            @A.register
+            class C(B):
+                pass
+            c = C()
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, (A,)))
+            self.assertIsInstance(c, A)
+            self.assertIsInstance(c, (A,))
+            self.assertIs(C, A.register(C))
+
+        def test_isinstance_invalidation(self):
+            class A(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            class B:
+                pass
+            b = B()
+            self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, A))
+            self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, (A,)))
+            token_old = abc_get_cache_token()
+            A.register(B)
+            token_new = abc_get_cache_token()
+            self.assertNotEqual(token_old, token_new)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, A))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, (A,)))
+
+        def test_registration_builtins(self):
+            class A(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            A.register(int)
+            self.assertIsInstance(42, A)
+            self.assertIsInstance(42, (A,))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(int, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(int, (A,)))
+            class B(A):
+                pass
+            B.register(str)
+            class C(str): pass
+            self.assertIsInstance("", A)
+            self.assertIsInstance("", (A,))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(str, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(str, (A,)))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, (A,)))
+
+        def test_registration_edge_cases(self):
+            class A(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            A.register(A)  # should pass silently
+            class A1(A):
+                pass
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, A1.register, A)  # cycles not allowed
+            class B(object):
+                pass
+            A1.register(B)  # ok
+            A1.register(B)  # should pass silently
+            class C(A):
+                pass
+            A.register(C)  # should pass silently
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, C.register, A)  # cycles not allowed
+            C.register(B)  # ok
+
+        def test_register_non_class(self):
+            class A(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Can only register classes",
+                                   A.register, 4)
+
+        def test_registration_transitiveness(self):
+            class A(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(A, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(A, (A,)))
+            class B(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(A, B))
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(A, (B,)))
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(B, A))
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(B, (A,)))
+            class C(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            A.register(B)
+            class B1(B):
+                pass
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(B1, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(B1, (A,)))
+            class C1(C):
+                pass
+            B1.register(C1)
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(C, B))
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(C, (B,)))
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(C, B1))
+            self.assertFalse(issubclass(C, (B1,)))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, (A,)))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, B))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, (B,)))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, B1))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, (B1,)))
+            C1.register(int)
+            class MyInt(int):
+                pass
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(MyInt, A))
+            self.assertTrue(issubclass(MyInt, (A,)))
+            self.assertIsInstance(42, A)
+            self.assertIsInstance(42, (A,))
+
+        def test_all_new_methods_are_called(self):
+            class A(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                pass
+            class B(object):
+                counter = 0
+                def __new__(cls):
+                    B.counter += 1
+                    return super().__new__(cls)
+            class C(A, B):
+                pass
+            self.assertEqual(B.counter, 0)
+            C()
+            self.assertEqual(B.counter, 1)
+
+        def test_ABC_has___slots__(self):
+            self.assertTrue(hasattr(abc.ABC, '__slots__'))
+
+        def test_tricky_new_works(self):
+            def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+                class metaclass(type):
+                    def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d):
+                        return meta(name, bases, d)
+                return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {})
+            class A: ...
+            class B: ...
+            class C(with_metaclass(abc_ABCMeta, A, B)):
+                pass
+            self.assertEqual(C.__class__, abc_ABCMeta)
+
+
+    class TestABCWithInitSubclass(unittest.TestCase):
+        def test_works_with_init_subclass(self):
+            class abc_ABC(metaclass=abc_ABCMeta):
+                __slots__ = ()
+            saved_kwargs = {}
+            class ReceivesClassKwargs:
+                def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
+                    super().__init_subclass__()
+                    saved_kwargs.update(kwargs)
+            class Receiver(ReceivesClassKwargs, abc_ABC, x=1, y=2, z=3):
                 pass
-        self.assertEqual(A.__abstractmethods__, {"x"})
-        class meta(type, A):
-            def x(self):
-                return 1
-        class C(metaclass=meta):
-            pass
-
-    def test_registration_basics(self):
-        class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        class B(object):
-            pass
-        b = B()
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(B, A))
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(B, (A,)))
-        self.assertNotIsInstance(b, A)
-        self.assertNotIsInstance(b, (A,))
-        B1 = A.register(B)
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(B, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(B, (A,)))
-        self.assertIsInstance(b, A)
-        self.assertIsInstance(b, (A,))
-        self.assertIs(B1, B)
-        class C(B):
-            pass
-        c = C()
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, (A,)))
-        self.assertIsInstance(c, A)
-        self.assertIsInstance(c, (A,))
-
-    def test_register_as_class_deco(self):
-        class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        @A.register
-        class B(object):
-            pass
-        b = B()
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(B, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(B, (A,)))
-        self.assertIsInstance(b, A)
-        self.assertIsInstance(b, (A,))
-        @A.register
-        class C(B):
-            pass
-        c = C()
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, (A,)))
-        self.assertIsInstance(c, A)
-        self.assertIsInstance(c, (A,))
-        self.assertIs(C, A.register(C))
-
-    def test_isinstance_invalidation(self):
-        class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        class B:
-            pass
-        b = B()
-        self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, A))
-        self.assertFalse(isinstance(b, (A,)))
-        token_old = abc.get_cache_token()
-        A.register(B)
-        token_new = abc.get_cache_token()
-        self.assertNotEqual(token_old, token_new)
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, A))
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(b, (A,)))
-
-    def test_registration_builtins(self):
-        class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        A.register(int)
-        self.assertIsInstance(42, A)
-        self.assertIsInstance(42, (A,))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(int, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(int, (A,)))
-        class B(A):
-            pass
-        B.register(str)
-        class C(str): pass
-        self.assertIsInstance("", A)
-        self.assertIsInstance("", (A,))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(str, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(str, (A,)))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C, (A,)))
-
-    def test_registration_edge_cases(self):
-        class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        A.register(A)  # should pass silently
-        class A1(A):
-            pass
-        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, A1.register, A)  # cycles not allowed
-        class B(object):
-            pass
-        A1.register(B)  # ok
-        A1.register(B)  # should pass silently
-        class C(A):
-            pass
-        A.register(C)  # should pass silently
-        self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, C.register, A)  # cycles not allowed
-        C.register(B)  # ok
-
-    def test_register_non_class(self):
-        class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Can only register classes",
-                               A.register, 4)
-
-    def test_registration_transitiveness(self):
-        class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(A, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(A, (A,)))
-        class B(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(A, B))
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(A, (B,)))
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(B, A))
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(B, (A,)))
-        class C(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        A.register(B)
-        class B1(B):
-            pass
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(B1, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(B1, (A,)))
-        class C1(C):
-            pass
-        B1.register(C1)
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(C, B))
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(C, (B,)))
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(C, B1))
-        self.assertFalse(issubclass(C, (B1,)))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, (A,)))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, B))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, (B,)))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, B1))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(C1, (B1,)))
-        C1.register(int)
-        class MyInt(int):
-            pass
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(MyInt, A))
-        self.assertTrue(issubclass(MyInt, (A,)))
-        self.assertIsInstance(42, A)
-        self.assertIsInstance(42, (A,))
-
-    def test_all_new_methods_are_called(self):
-        class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
-            pass
-        class B(object):
-            counter = 0
-            def __new__(cls):
-                B.counter += 1
-                return super().__new__(cls)
-        class C(A, B):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(B.counter, 0)
-        C()
-        self.assertEqual(B.counter, 1)
-
-    def test_ABC_has___slots__(self):
-        self.assertTrue(hasattr(abc.ABC, '__slots__'))
-
-
-class TestABCWithInitSubclass(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_works_with_init_subclass(self):
-        saved_kwargs = {}
-        class ReceivesClassKwargs:
-            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
-                super().__init_subclass__()
-                saved_kwargs.update(kwargs)
-        class Receiver(ReceivesClassKwargs, abc.ABC, x=1, y=2, z=3):
-            pass
-        self.assertEqual(saved_kwargs, dict(x=1, y=2, z=3))
+            self.assertEqual(saved_kwargs, dict(x=1, y=2, z=3))
+    return TestLegacyAPI, TestABC, TestABCWithInitSubclass
 
+TestLegacyAPI_Py, TestABC_Py, TestABCWithInitSubclass_Py = test_factory(abc.ABCMeta,
+                                                                        abc.get_cache_token)
+TestLegacyAPI_C, TestABC_C, TestABCWithInitSubclass_C = test_factory(_py_abc.ABCMeta,
+                                                                     _py_abc.get_cache_token)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_typing.py b/Lib/test/test_typing.py
index 3f24faf376..f56caa13a2 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_typing.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_typing.py
@@ -761,8 +761,8 @@ class GenericTests(BaseTestCase):
         self.assertIsInstance(1, C)
         C[int]
         self.assertIsInstance(1, C)
-        C._abc_registry.clear()
-        C._abc_cache.clear()  # To keep refleak hunting mode clean
+        C._abc_registry_clear()
+        C._abc_caches_clear()  # To keep refleak hunting mode clean
 
     def test_false_subclasses(self):
         class MyMapping(MutableMapping[str, str]): pass
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-02-15-08-18-52.bpo-31333.4fF-gM.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-02-15-08-18-52.bpo-31333.4fF-gM.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63fc72a5c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2018-02-15-08-18-52.bpo-31333.4fF-gM.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+``_abc`` module is added.  It is a speedup module with C implementations for
+various functions and methods in ``abc``.  Creating an ABC subclass and calling
+``isinstance`` or ``issubclass`` with an ABC subclass are up to 1.5x faster.
+In addition, this makes Python start-up up to 10% faster.
+
+Note that the new implementation hides internal registry and caches, previously
+accessible via private attributes ``_abc_registry``, ``_abc_cache``, and
+``_abc_negative_cache``.  There are three debugging helper methods that can be
+used instead ``_dump_registry``, ``_abc_registry_clear``, and
+``_abc_caches_clear``.
diff --git a/Modules/Setup.dist b/Modules/Setup.dist
index 4b463b28d6..a833774a15 100644
--- a/Modules/Setup.dist
+++ b/Modules/Setup.dist
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ _weakref _weakref.c		# weak references
 _functools _functoolsmodule.c   # Tools for working with functions and callable objects
 _operator _operator.c	        # operator.add() and similar goodies
 _collections _collectionsmodule.c # Container types
+_abc _abc.c                     # Abstract base classes
 itertools itertoolsmodule.c    # Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
 atexit atexitmodule.c      # Register functions to be run at interpreter-shutdown
 _signal signalmodule.c
diff --git a/Modules/_abc.c b/Modules/_abc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..504e23d9a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_abc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,822 @@
+/* ABCMeta implementation */
+
+#include "Python.h"
+#include "structmember.h"
+#include "clinic/_abc.c.h"
+
+/*[clinic input]
+module _abc
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=964f5328e1aefcda]*/
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc__doc__,
+"Module contains faster C implementation of abc.ABCMeta");
+
+_Py_IDENTIFIER(__abstractmethods__);
+_Py_IDENTIFIER(__class__);
+_Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
+_Py_IDENTIFIER(__bases__);
+_Py_IDENTIFIER(_abc_impl);
+_Py_IDENTIFIER(__subclasscheck__);
+_Py_IDENTIFIER(__subclasshook__);
+
+/* A global counter that is incremented each time a class is
+   registered as a virtual subclass of anything.  It forces the
+   negative cache to be cleared before its next use.
+   Note: this counter is private. Use `abc.get_cache_token()` for
+   external code. */
+static unsigned long long abc_invalidation_counter = 0;
+
+/* This object stores internal state for ABCs.
+   Note that we can use normal sets for caches,
+   since they are never iterated over. */
+typedef struct {
+    PyObject_HEAD
+    PyObject *_abc_registry;
+    PyObject *_abc_cache; /* Normal set of weak references. */
+    PyObject *_abc_negative_cache; /* Normal set of weak references. */
+    unsigned long long _abc_negative_cache_version;
+} _abc_data;
+
+static void
+abc_data_dealloc(_abc_data *self)
+{
+    Py_XDECREF(self->_abc_registry);
+    Py_XDECREF(self->_abc_cache);
+    Py_XDECREF(self->_abc_negative_cache);
+    Py_TYPE(self)->tp_free(self);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+abc_data_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
+{
+    _abc_data *self = (_abc_data *) type->tp_alloc(type, 0);
+    if (self == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    self->_abc_registry = NULL;
+    self->_abc_cache = NULL;
+    self->_abc_negative_cache = NULL;
+    self->_abc_negative_cache_version = abc_invalidation_counter;
+    return (PyObject *) self;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(abc_data_doc,
+"Internal state held by ABC machinery.");
+
+static PyTypeObject _abc_data_type = {
+    PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(&PyType_Type, 0)
+    "_abc_data",                        /*tp_name*/
+    sizeof(_abc_data),                  /*tp_size*/
+    .tp_dealloc = (destructor)abc_data_dealloc,
+    .tp_flags = Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,
+    .tp_alloc = PyType_GenericAlloc,
+    .tp_new = abc_data_new,
+};
+
+static _abc_data *
+_get_impl(PyObject *self)
+{
+    PyObject *impl = _PyObject_GetAttrId(self, &PyId__abc_impl);
+    if (impl == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (Py_TYPE(impl) != &_abc_data_type) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "_abc_impl is set to a wrong type");
+        Py_DECREF(impl);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return (_abc_data *)impl;
+}
+
+static int
+_in_weak_set(PyObject *set, PyObject *obj)
+{
+    if (set == NULL || PySet_GET_SIZE(set) == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    PyObject *ref = PyWeakref_NewRef(obj, NULL);
+    if (ref == NULL) {
+        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_TypeError)) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int res = PySet_Contains(set, ref);
+    Py_DECREF(ref);
+    return res;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+_destroy(PyObject *setweakref, PyObject *objweakref)
+{
+    PyObject *set;
+    set = PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT(setweakref);
+    if (set == Py_None) {
+        Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
+    Py_INCREF(set);
+    if (PySet_Discard(set, objweakref) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(set);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(set);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef _destroy_def = {
+    "_destroy", (PyCFunction) _destroy, METH_O
+};
+
+static int
+_add_to_weak_set(PyObject **pset, PyObject *obj)
+{
+    if (*pset == NULL) {
+        *pset = PySet_New(NULL);
+        if (*pset == NULL) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PyObject *set = *pset;
+    PyObject *ref, *wr;
+    PyObject *destroy_cb;
+    wr = PyWeakref_NewRef(set, NULL);
+    if (wr == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    destroy_cb = PyCFunction_NewEx(&_destroy_def, wr, NULL);
+    if (destroy_cb == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(wr);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    ref = PyWeakref_NewRef(obj, destroy_cb);
+    Py_DECREF(destroy_cb);
+    if (ref == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(wr);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int ret = PySet_Add(set, ref);
+    Py_DECREF(wr);
+    Py_DECREF(ref);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_abc._reset_registry
+
+    self: object
+    /
+
+Internal ABC helper to reset registry of a given class.
+
+Should be only used by refleak.py
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__reset_registry(PyObject *module, PyObject *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=92d591a43566cc10 input=12a0b7eb339ac35c]*/
+{
+    _abc_data *impl = _get_impl(self);
+    if (impl == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (impl->_abc_registry != NULL && PySet_Clear(impl->_abc_registry) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(impl);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(impl);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_abc._reset_caches
+
+    self: object
+    /
+
+Internal ABC helper to reset both caches of a given class.
+
+Should be only used by refleak.py
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__reset_caches(PyObject *module, PyObject *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=f296f0d5c513f80c input=c0ac616fd8acfb6f]*/
+{
+    _abc_data *impl = _get_impl(self);
+    if (impl == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (impl->_abc_cache != NULL && PySet_Clear(impl->_abc_cache) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(impl);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /* also the second cache */
+    if (impl->_abc_negative_cache != NULL &&
+            PySet_Clear(impl->_abc_negative_cache) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(impl);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(impl);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_abc._get_dump
+
+    self: object
+    /
+
+Internal ABC helper for cache and registry debugging.
+
+Return shallow copies of registry, of both caches, and
+negative cache version. Don't call this function directly,
+instead use ABC._dump_registry() for a nice repr.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__get_dump(PyObject *module, PyObject *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=9d9569a8e2c1c443 input=2c5deb1bfe9e3c79]*/
+{
+    _abc_data *impl = _get_impl(self);
+    if (impl == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *res = Py_BuildValue("NNNK",
+                                  PySet_New(impl->_abc_registry),
+                                  PySet_New(impl->_abc_cache),
+                                  PySet_New(impl->_abc_negative_cache),
+                                  impl->_abc_negative_cache_version);
+    Py_DECREF(impl);
+    return res;
+}
+
+// Compute set of abstract method names.
+static int
+compute_abstract_methods(PyObject *self)
+{
+    int ret = -1;
+    PyObject *abstracts = PyFrozenSet_New(NULL);
+    if (abstracts == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    PyObject *ns = NULL, *items = NULL, *bases = NULL;  // Py_XDECREF()ed on error.
+
+    /* Stage 1: direct abstract methods. */
+    ns = _PyObject_GetAttrId(self, &PyId___dict__);
+    if (!ns) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    // We can't use PyDict_Next(ns) even when ns is dict because
+    // _PyObject_IsAbstract() can mutate ns.
+    items = PyMapping_Items(ns);
+    if (!items) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    assert(PyList_Check(items));
+    for (Py_ssize_t pos = 0; pos < PyList_GET_SIZE(items); pos++) {
+        PyObject *it = PySequence_Fast(
+                PyList_GET_ITEM(items, pos),
+                "items() returned non-iterable");
+        if (!it) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(it) != 2) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
+                            "items() returned item which size is not 2");
+            Py_DECREF(it);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        // borrowed
+        PyObject *key = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(it, 0);
+        PyObject *value = PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(it, 1);
+        // items or it may be cleared while accessing __abstractmethod__
+        // So we need to keep strong reference for key
+        Py_INCREF(key);
+        int is_abstract = _PyObject_IsAbstract(value);
+        if (is_abstract < 0 ||
+                (is_abstract && PySet_Add(abstracts, key) < 0)) {
+            Py_DECREF(it);
+            Py_DECREF(key);
+            goto error;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(key);
+        Py_DECREF(it);
+    }
+
+    /* Stage 2: inherited abstract methods. */
+    bases = _PyObject_GetAttrId(self, &PyId___bases__);
+    if (!bases) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (!PyTuple_Check(bases)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "__bases__ is not tuple");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    for (Py_ssize_t pos = 0; pos < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(bases); pos++) {
+        PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, pos);  // borrowed
+        PyObject *base_abstracts, *iter;
+
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(item, &PyId___abstractmethods__,
+                                   &base_abstracts) < 0) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        if (base_abstracts == NULL) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!(iter = PyObject_GetIter(base_abstracts))) {
+            Py_DECREF(base_abstracts);
+            goto error;
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(base_abstracts);
+        PyObject *key, *value;
+        while ((key = PyIter_Next(iter))) {
+            if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(self, key, &value) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(key);
+                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            if (value == NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(key);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            int is_abstract = _PyObject_IsAbstract(value);
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            if (is_abstract < 0 ||
+                    (is_abstract && PySet_Add(abstracts, key) < 0))
+            {
+                Py_DECREF(key);
+                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(key);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(iter);
+        if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(self, &PyId___abstractmethods__, abstracts) < 0) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    ret = 0;
+error:
+    Py_DECREF(abstracts);
+    Py_XDECREF(ns);
+    Py_XDECREF(items);
+    Py_XDECREF(bases);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_abc._abc_init
+
+    self: object
+    /
+
+Internal ABC helper for class set-up. Should be never used outside abc module.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_init(PyObject *module, PyObject *self)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=594757375714cda1 input=8d7fe470ff77f029]*/
+{
+    PyObject *data;
+    if (compute_abstract_methods(self) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Set up inheritance registry. */
+    data = abc_data_new(&_abc_data_type, NULL, NULL);
+    if (data == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(self, &PyId__abc_impl, data) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(data);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(data);
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_abc._abc_register
+
+    self: object
+    subclass: object
+    /
+
+Internal ABC helper for subclasss registration. Should be never used outside abc module.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_register_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self, PyObject *subclass)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=7851e7668c963524 input=ca589f8c3080e67f]*/
+{
+    if (!PyType_Check(subclass)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "Can only register classes");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    int result = PyObject_IsSubclass(subclass, self);
+    if (result > 0) {
+        Py_INCREF(subclass);
+        return subclass;  /* Already a subclass. */
+    }
+    if (result < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /* Subtle: test for cycles *after* testing for "already a subclass";
+       this means we allow X.register(X) and interpret it as a no-op. */
+    result = PyObject_IsSubclass(self, subclass);
+    if (result > 0) {
+        /* This would create a cycle, which is bad for the algorithm below. */
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "Refusing to create an inheritance cycle");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (result < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    _abc_data *impl = _get_impl(self);
+    if (impl == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (_add_to_weak_set(&impl->_abc_registry, subclass) < 0) {
+        Py_DECREF(impl);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(impl);
+
+    /* Invalidate negative cache */
+    abc_invalidation_counter++;
+
+    Py_INCREF(subclass);
+    return subclass;
+}
+
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_abc._abc_instancecheck
+
+    self: object
+    instance: object
+    /
+
+Internal ABC helper for instance checks. Should be never used outside abc module.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_instancecheck_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self,
+                             PyObject *instance)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b8b5148f63b6b56f input=a4f4525679261084]*/
+{
+    PyObject *subtype, *result = NULL, *subclass = NULL;
+    _abc_data *impl = _get_impl(self);
+    if (impl == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    subclass = _PyObject_GetAttrId(instance, &PyId___class__);
+    if (subclass == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(impl);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /* Inline the cache checking. */
+    int incache = _in_weak_set(impl->_abc_cache, subclass);
+    if (incache < 0) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+    if (incache > 0) {
+        result = Py_True;
+        Py_INCREF(result);
+        goto end;
+    }
+    subtype = (PyObject *)Py_TYPE(instance);
+    if (subtype == subclass) {
+        if (impl->_abc_negative_cache_version == abc_invalidation_counter) {
+            incache = _in_weak_set(impl->_abc_negative_cache, subclass);
+            if (incache < 0) {
+                goto end;
+            }
+            if (incache > 0) {
+                result = Py_False;
+                Py_INCREF(result);
+                goto end;
+            }
+        }
+        /* Fall back to the subclass check. */
+        result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(self, &PyId___subclasscheck__,
+                                               subclass, NULL);
+        goto end;
+    }
+    result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(self, &PyId___subclasscheck__,
+                                           subclass, NULL);
+    if (result == NULL) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    switch (PyObject_IsTrue(result)) {
+    case -1:
+        Py_DECREF(result);
+        result = NULL;
+        break;
+    case 0:
+        Py_DECREF(result);
+        result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(self, &PyId___subclasscheck__,
+                                               subtype, NULL);
+        break;
+    case 1:  // Nothing to do.
+        break;
+    default:
+        Py_UNREACHABLE();
+    }
+
+end:
+    Py_XDECREF(impl);
+    Py_XDECREF(subclass);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+// Return -1 when exception occured.
+// Return 1 when result is set.
+// Return 0 otherwise.
+static int subclasscheck_check_registry(_abc_data *impl, PyObject *subclass,
+                                        PyObject **result);
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_abc._abc_subclasscheck
+
+    self: object
+    subclass: object
+    /
+
+Internal ABC helper for subclasss checks. Should be never used outside abc module.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_subclasscheck_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self,
+                             PyObject *subclass)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b56c9e4a530e3894 input=1d947243409d10b8]*/
+{
+    PyObject *ok, *mro, *subclasses = NULL, *result = NULL;
+    Py_ssize_t pos;
+    int incache;
+    _abc_data *impl = _get_impl(self);
+    if (impl == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* 1. Check cache. */
+    incache = _in_weak_set(impl->_abc_cache, subclass);
+    if (incache < 0) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+    if (incache > 0) {
+        result = Py_True;
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    /* 2. Check negative cache; may have to invalidate. */
+    if (impl->_abc_negative_cache_version < abc_invalidation_counter) {
+        /* Invalidate the negative cache. */
+        if (impl->_abc_negative_cache != NULL &&
+                PySet_Clear(impl->_abc_negative_cache) < 0)
+        {
+            goto end;
+        }
+        impl->_abc_negative_cache_version = abc_invalidation_counter;
+    }
+    else {
+        incache = _in_weak_set(impl->_abc_negative_cache, subclass);
+        if (incache < 0) {
+            goto end;
+        }
+        if (incache > 0) {
+            result = Py_False;
+            goto end;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* 3. Check the subclass hook. */
+    ok = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs((PyObject *)self, &PyId___subclasshook__,
+                                       subclass, NULL);
+    if (ok == NULL) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+    if (ok == Py_True) {
+        Py_DECREF(ok);
+        if (_add_to_weak_set(&impl->_abc_cache, subclass) < 0) {
+            goto end;
+        }
+        result = Py_True;
+        goto end;
+    }
+    if (ok == Py_False) {
+        Py_DECREF(ok);
+        if (_add_to_weak_set(&impl->_abc_negative_cache, subclass) < 0) {
+            goto end;
+        }
+        result = Py_False;
+        goto end;
+    }
+    if (ok != Py_NotImplemented) {
+        Py_DECREF(ok);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AssertionError, "__subclasshook__ must return either"
+                                              " False, True, or NotImplemented");
+        goto end;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(ok);
+
+    /* 4. Check if it's a direct subclass. */
+    mro = ((PyTypeObject *)subclass)->tp_mro;
+    assert(PyTuple_Check(mro));
+    for (pos = 0; pos < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(mro); pos++) {
+        PyObject *mro_item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(mro, pos);
+        if (mro_item == NULL) {
+            goto end;
+        }
+        if ((PyObject *)self == mro_item) {
+            if (_add_to_weak_set(&impl->_abc_cache, subclass) < 0) {
+                goto end;
+            }
+            result = Py_True;
+            goto end;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* 5. Check if it's a subclass of a registered class (recursive). */
+    if (subclasscheck_check_registry(impl, subclass, &result)) {
+        // Exception occured or result is set.
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    /* 6. Check if it's a subclass of a subclass (recursive). */
+    subclasses = PyObject_CallMethod(self, "__subclasses__", NULL);
+    if (!PyList_Check(subclasses)) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "__subclasses__() must return a list");
+        goto end;
+    }
+    for (pos = 0; pos < PyList_GET_SIZE(subclasses); pos++) {
+        PyObject *scls = PyList_GET_ITEM(subclasses, pos);
+        Py_INCREF(scls);
+        int r = PyObject_IsSubclass(subclass, scls);
+        Py_DECREF(scls);
+        if (r > 0) {
+            if (_add_to_weak_set(&impl->_abc_cache, subclass) < 0) {
+                goto end;
+            }
+            result = Py_True;
+            goto end;
+        }
+        if (r < 0) {
+            goto end;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* No dice; update negative cache. */
+    if (_add_to_weak_set(&impl->_abc_negative_cache, subclass) < 0) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+    result = Py_False;
+
+end:
+    Py_XDECREF(impl);
+    Py_XDECREF(subclasses);
+    Py_XINCREF(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+static int
+subclasscheck_check_registry(_abc_data *impl, PyObject *subclass,
+                             PyObject **result)
+{
+    // Fast path: check subclass is in weakref directly.
+    int ret = _in_weak_set(impl->_abc_registry, subclass);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        *result = NULL;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (ret > 0) {
+        *result = Py_True;
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (impl->_abc_registry == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t registry_size = PySet_Size(impl->_abc_registry);
+    if (registry_size == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // Weakref callback may remove entry from set.
+    // So we take snapshot of registry first.
+    PyObject **copy = PyMem_Malloc(sizeof(PyObject*) * registry_size);
+    PyObject *key;
+    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+    Py_hash_t hash;
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+
+    while (_PySet_NextEntry(impl->_abc_registry, &pos, &key, &hash)) {
+        Py_INCREF(key);
+        copy[i++] = key;
+    }
+    assert(i == registry_size);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < registry_size; i++) {
+        PyObject *rkey = PyWeakref_GetObject(copy[i]);
+        if (rkey == NULL) {
+            // Someone inject non-weakref type in the registry.
+            ret = -1;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (rkey == Py_None) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        Py_INCREF(rkey);
+        int r = PyObject_IsSubclass(subclass, rkey);
+        Py_DECREF(rkey);
+        if (r < 0) {
+            ret = -1;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (r > 0) {
+            if (_add_to_weak_set(&impl->_abc_cache, subclass) < 0) {
+                ret = -1;
+                break;
+            }
+            *result = Py_True;
+            ret = 1;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < registry_size; i++) {
+        Py_DECREF(copy[i]);
+    }
+    PyMem_Free(copy);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+_abc.get_cache_token
+
+Returns the current ABC cache token.
+
+The token is an opaque object (supporting equality testing) identifying the
+current version of the ABC cache for virtual subclasses. The token changes
+with every call to register() on any ABC.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc_get_cache_token_impl(PyObject *module)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=c7d87841e033dacc input=70413d1c423ad9f9]*/
+{
+    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(abc_invalidation_counter);
+}
+
+static struct PyMethodDef module_functions[] = {
+    _ABC_GET_CACHE_TOKEN_METHODDEF
+    _ABC__ABC_INIT_METHODDEF
+    _ABC__RESET_REGISTRY_METHODDEF
+    _ABC__RESET_CACHES_METHODDEF
+    _ABC__GET_DUMP_METHODDEF
+    _ABC__ABC_REGISTER_METHODDEF
+    _ABC__ABC_INSTANCECHECK_METHODDEF
+    _ABC__ABC_SUBCLASSCHECK_METHODDEF
+    {NULL,       NULL}          /* sentinel */
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef _abcmodule = {
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    "_abc",
+    _abc__doc__,
+    -1,
+    module_functions,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL,
+    NULL
+};
+
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit__abc(void)
+{
+    if (PyType_Ready(&_abc_data_type) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    _abc_data_type.tp_doc = abc_data_doc;
+
+    return PyModule_Create(&_abcmodule);
+}
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/_abc.c.h b/Modules/clinic/_abc.c.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1ec371d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/clinic/_abc.c.h
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*[clinic input]
+preserve
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc__reset_registry__doc__,
+"_reset_registry($module, self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Internal ABC helper to reset registry of a given class.\n"
+"\n"
+"Should be only used by refleak.py");
+
+#define _ABC__RESET_REGISTRY_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_reset_registry", (PyCFunction)_abc__reset_registry, METH_O, _abc__reset_registry__doc__},
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc__reset_caches__doc__,
+"_reset_caches($module, self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Internal ABC helper to reset both caches of a given class.\n"
+"\n"
+"Should be only used by refleak.py");
+
+#define _ABC__RESET_CACHES_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_reset_caches", (PyCFunction)_abc__reset_caches, METH_O, _abc__reset_caches__doc__},
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc__get_dump__doc__,
+"_get_dump($module, self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Internal ABC helper for cache and registry debugging.\n"
+"\n"
+"Return shallow copies of registry, of both caches, and\n"
+"negative cache version. Don\'t call this function directly,\n"
+"instead use ABC._dump_registry() for a nice repr.");
+
+#define _ABC__GET_DUMP_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_get_dump", (PyCFunction)_abc__get_dump, METH_O, _abc__get_dump__doc__},
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc__abc_init__doc__,
+"_abc_init($module, self, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Internal ABC helper for class set-up. Should be never used outside abc module.");
+
+#define _ABC__ABC_INIT_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_abc_init", (PyCFunction)_abc__abc_init, METH_O, _abc__abc_init__doc__},
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc__abc_register__doc__,
+"_abc_register($module, self, subclass, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Internal ABC helper for subclasss registration. Should be never used outside abc module.");
+
+#define _ABC__ABC_REGISTER_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_abc_register", (PyCFunction)_abc__abc_register, METH_FASTCALL, _abc__abc_register__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_register_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self, PyObject *subclass);
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_register(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    PyObject *self;
+    PyObject *subclass;
+
+    if (!_PyArg_UnpackStack(args, nargs, "_abc_register",
+        2, 2,
+        &self, &subclass)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    return_value = _abc__abc_register_impl(module, self, subclass);
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc__abc_instancecheck__doc__,
+"_abc_instancecheck($module, self, instance, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Internal ABC helper for instance checks. Should be never used outside abc module.");
+
+#define _ABC__ABC_INSTANCECHECK_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_abc_instancecheck", (PyCFunction)_abc__abc_instancecheck, METH_FASTCALL, _abc__abc_instancecheck__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_instancecheck_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self,
+                             PyObject *instance);
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_instancecheck(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    PyObject *self;
+    PyObject *instance;
+
+    if (!_PyArg_UnpackStack(args, nargs, "_abc_instancecheck",
+        2, 2,
+        &self, &instance)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    return_value = _abc__abc_instancecheck_impl(module, self, instance);
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc__abc_subclasscheck__doc__,
+"_abc_subclasscheck($module, self, subclass, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Internal ABC helper for subclasss checks. Should be never used outside abc module.");
+
+#define _ABC__ABC_SUBCLASSCHECK_METHODDEF    \
+    {"_abc_subclasscheck", (PyCFunction)_abc__abc_subclasscheck, METH_FASTCALL, _abc__abc_subclasscheck__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_subclasscheck_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self,
+                             PyObject *subclass);
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc__abc_subclasscheck(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+{
+    PyObject *return_value = NULL;
+    PyObject *self;
+    PyObject *subclass;
+
+    if (!_PyArg_UnpackStack(args, nargs, "_abc_subclasscheck",
+        2, 2,
+        &self, &subclass)) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    return_value = _abc__abc_subclasscheck_impl(module, self, subclass);
+
+exit:
+    return return_value;
+}
+
+PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc_get_cache_token__doc__,
+"get_cache_token($module, /)\n"
+"--\n"
+"\n"
+"Returns the current ABC cache token.\n"
+"\n"
+"The token is an opaque object (supporting equality testing) identifying the\n"
+"current version of the ABC cache for virtual subclasses. The token changes\n"
+"with every call to register() on any ABC.");
+
+#define _ABC_GET_CACHE_TOKEN_METHODDEF    \
+    {"get_cache_token", (PyCFunction)_abc_get_cache_token, METH_NOARGS, _abc_get_cache_token__doc__},
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc_get_cache_token_impl(PyObject *module);
+
+static PyObject *
+_abc_get_cache_token(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
+{
+    return _abc_get_cache_token_impl(module);
+}
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=9d6f861a8f45bc6f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/PC/config.c b/PC/config.c
index 0c08bfeaa0..568a0fa9a4 100644
--- a/PC/config.c
+++ b/PC/config.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "Python.h"
 
+extern PyObject* PyInit__abc(void);
 extern PyObject* PyInit_array(void);
 extern PyObject* PyInit_audioop(void);
 extern PyObject* PyInit_binascii(void);
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ extern PyObject* PyInit__imp(void);
 
 struct _inittab _PyImport_Inittab[] = {
 
+    {"_abc", PyInit__abc},
     {"array", PyInit_array},
     {"_ast", PyInit__ast},
     {"audioop", PyInit_audioop},
diff --git a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
index bf4131e91b..90330faa0c 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
+++ b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="$(zlibDir)\zutil.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_abc.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_asynciomodule.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_bisectmodule.c" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_blake2\blake2module.c" />
diff --git a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
index 5f980388e5..b51fd54f8b 100644
--- a/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/PCbuild/pythoncore.vcxproj.filters
@@ -473,6 +473,9 @@
     </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_abc.c">
+      <Filter>Modules</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\Modules\_bisectmodule.c">
       <Filter>Modules</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 6f9a39719b..f4f6e4fdb1 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -712,6 +712,8 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext):
         exts.append( Extension('_opcode', ['_opcode.c']) )
         # asyncio speedups
         exts.append( Extension("_asyncio", ["_asynciomodule.c"]) )
+        # _abc speedups
+        exts.append( Extension("_abc", ["_abc.c"]) )
         # _queue module
         exts.append( Extension("_queue", ["_queuemodule.c"]) )