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[/Creator (html2ps version 1.0 beta1 patched by Arnaud Le Hors) /Author () /Keywords () /Subject () /Title (XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \201Second Edition\202) /DOCINFO pdfmark
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[/Count 4 /Dest /87 /Title ( XHTML\237 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \201Second Edition\202) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /88 /Title ( A Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /89 /Title ( W3C Recommendation 26 January 2000, revised 1 August 2002) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /90 /Title ( Abstract) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /91 /Title ( Status of this document) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /92 /Title ( Quick Table of Contents) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /93 /Title ( Full Table of Contents) /OUT pdfmark
[/Count 3 /Dest /94 /Title (1. What is XHTML?) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /95 /Title (1.1. What is HTML\2404?) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /96 /Title (1.2. What is XML?) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /97 /Title (1.3. Why the need for XHTML?) /OUT pdfmark
[/Count 2 /Dest /98 /Title (2. Definitions) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /99 /Title (2.1. Terminology) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /100 /Title (2.2. General Terms) /OUT pdfmark
[/Count 2 /Dest /101 /Title (3. Normative Definition of XHTML 1.0) /OUT pdfmark
[/Count 2 /Dest /102 /Title (3.1. Document Conformance) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /103 /Title (3.1.1. Strictly Conforming Documents) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /104 /Title (3.1.2. Using XHTML with other namespaces) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /105 /Title (3.2. User Agent Conformance) /OUT pdfmark
[/Count 12 /Dest /106 /Title (4. Differences with HTML\2404) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /107 /Title (4.1. Documents must be well-formed) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /108 /Title (4.2. Element and attribute names must be in lower case) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /109 /Title (4.3. For non-empty elements, end tags are required) /OUT pdfmark
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[/Dest /123 /Title (A.1.1. XHTML-1.0-Strict) /OUT pdfmark
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[/Dest /130 /Title (B. Element Prohibitions) /OUT pdfmark
[/Count 16 /Dest /131 /Title (C. HTML Compatibility Guidelines) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /132 /Title (C.1. Processing Instructions and the XML Declaration) /OUT pdfmark
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[/Dest /134 /Title (C.3. Element Minimization and Empty Element Content) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /135 /Title (C.4. Embedded Style Sheets and Scripts) /OUT pdfmark
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[/Dest /138 /Title (C.7. The lang and xml:lang Attributes) /OUT pdfmark
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[/Dest /142 /Title (C.11. Document Object Model and XHTML) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /143 /Title (C.12. Using Ampersands in Attribute Values \201and Elsewhere\202) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /144 /Title (C.13. Cascading Style Sheets \201CSS\202 and XHTML) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /145 /Title (C.14. Referencing Style Elements when serving as XML) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /146 /Title (C.15. White Space Characters in HTML vs. XML) /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /147 /Title (C.16. The Named Character Reference ') /OUT pdfmark
[/Dest /148 /Title (D. Acknowledgements) /OUT pdfmark
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(HTML, as originally conceived, was to be a language for the exchange of scientific and other) S
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(technical documents, suitable for use by non-document specialists. HTML addressed the) S
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(problem of SGML complexity by specifying a small set of structural and semantic tags suitable) S
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(for authoring relatively simple documents. In addition to simplifying the document structure,) S
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(HTML added support for hypertext. Multimedia capabilities were added ) S
(later.) S
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(In a remarkably short space of time, HTML became wildly popular and rapidly outgrew its) S
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(original purpose. Since HTML's inception, there has been rapid invention of new elements for) S
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(use within HTML \(as a standard\) and for adapting HTML to vertical, highly specialized, markets.) S
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(This plethora of new elements has led to interoperability problems for documents across) S
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(different ) S
(platforms.) S
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(1.2.) S
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( What is ) S
(XML?) S
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(XML\237 is the shorthand name for Extensible Markup Language ) S
([) S
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(XML) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
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(] ) S
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(XML was conceived as a means of regaining the power and flexibility of SGML without most of) S
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(its complexity. Although a restricted form of SGML, XML nonetheless preserves most of SGML's) S
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(power and richness, and yet still retains all of SGML's commonly used ) S
(features.) S
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(While retaining these beneficial features, XML removes many of the more complex features of) S
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(SGML that make the authoring and design of suitable software both difficult and ) S
(costly.) S
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(1.3.) S
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( Why the need for ) S
(XHTML?) S
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(The benefits of migrating to XHTML 1.0 are described above. Some of the benefits of migrating) S
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(to XHTML in general ) S
(are:) S
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(Document developers and user agent designers are constantly discovering new ways to) S
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(express their ideas through new markup. In XML, it is relatively easy to introduce new) S
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(elements or additional element attributes. The XHTML family is designed to accommodate) S
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(these extensions through XHTML modules and techniques for developing new) S
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(XHTML-conforming modules \(described in the XHTML Modularization specification\). These) S
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(modules will permit the combination of existing and new feature sets when developing) S
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(content and when designing new user agents. ) S
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(Alternate ways of accessing the Internet are constantly being introduced. The XHTML) S
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(family is designed with general user agent interoperability in mind. Through a new user) S
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(agent and document profiling mechanism, servers, proxies, and user agents will be able to) S
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(perform best effort content transformation. Ultimately, it will be possible to develop) S
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(XHTML-conforming content that is usable by any XHTML-conforming user ) S
(agent.) S
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gsave
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(- 6 -) S
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(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
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(1.2. What is XML?) S
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(2.) S
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( ) S
(Definitions) S
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(This section is ) S
(normative.) S
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(2.1.) S
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( ) S
(Terminology) S
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(The following terms are used in this specification. These terms extend the definitions in ) S
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([) S
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(RFC2119) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
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(] in ways based upon similar definitions in ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 ) S
([) S
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(POSIX.1) S
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( ) S
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([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
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(]:) S
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(May ) S
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(With respect to implementations, the word "may" is to be interpreted as an optional feature) S
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(that is not required in this specification but can be provided. With respect to ) S
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(Conformance) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(9) S
(] ) S
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(, the word "may" means that the optional feature must not be used. The) S
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(term "optional" has the same definition as "may". ) S
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(Must ) S
22 -235 M
(In this specification, the word "must" is to be interpreted as a mandatory requirement on the) S
22 -248.2 M
(implementation or on Strictly Conforming XHTML Documents, depending upon the context.) S
22 -261.4 M
(The term "shall" has the same definition as "must". ) S
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(Optional ) S
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(See "May". ) S
0 -301 M
(Reserved ) S
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(A value or behavior is unspecified, but it is not allowed to be used by Conforming) S
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(Documents nor to be supported by Conforming User Agents. ) S
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(Shall ) S
22 -353.8 M
(See "Must". ) S
0 -367 M
(Should ) S
22 -380.2 M
(With respect to implementations, the word "should" is to be interpreted as an) S
22 -393.4 M
(implementation recommendation, but not a requirement. With respect to documents, the) S
22 -406.6 M
(word "should" is to be interpreted as recommended programming practice for documents) S
22 -419.8 M
(and a requirement for Strictly Conforming XHTML Documents. ) S
0 -433 M
(Supported ) S
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(Certain facilities in this specification are optional. If a facility is supported, it behaves as) S
22 -459.4 M
(specified by this specification. ) S
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(Unspecified ) S
22 -485.8 M
(When a value or behavior is unspecified, the specification defines no portability) S
22 -499 M
(requirements for a facility on an implementation even when faced with a document that) S
22 -512.2 M
(uses the facility. A document that requires specific behavior in such an instance, rather than) S
22 -525.4 M
(tolerating any behavior when using that facility, is not a Strictly Conforming XHTML ) S
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(Document.) S
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(- 7 -) S
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(2. Definitions) S
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(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 -8 M
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(2.2.) S
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( General ) S
(Terms) S
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(Attribute ) S
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(An attribute is a parameter to an element declared in the DTD. An attribute's type and value) S
22 -71 M
(range, including a possible default value, are defined in the DTD. ) S
0 -84.2 M
(DTD ) S
22 -97.4 M
(A DTD, or document type definition, is a collection of XML markup declarations that, as a) S
22 -110.6 M
(collection, defines the legal structure, elements, and attributes that are available for use in a) S
22 -123.8 M
(document that complies to the DTD. ) S
0 -137 M
(Document ) S
22 -150.2 M
(A document is a stream of data that, after being combined with any other streams it) S
22 -163.4 M
(references, is structured such that it holds information contained within elements that are) S
22 -176.6 M
(organized as defined in the associated DTD. See ) S
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(Document ) S
(Conformance) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(9) S
(] ) S
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(for more) S
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(information. ) S
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(Element ) S
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(An element is a document structuring unit declared in the DTD. The element's content) S
22 -229.4 M
(model is defined in the DTD, and additional semantics may be defined in the prose) S
22 -242.6 M
(description of the element. ) S
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(Facilities) S
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( ) S
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(Facilities are elements, attributes, and the semantics associated with those elements and) S
22 -282.2 M
(attributes. ) S
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(Implementation ) S
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(See User Agent. ) S
0 -321.8 M
(Parsing ) S
22 -335 M
(Parsing is the act whereby a document is scanned, and the information contained within the) S
22 -348.2 M
(document is filtered into the context of the elements in which the information is structured. ) S
0 -361.4 M
(Rendering ) S
22 -374.6 M
(Rendering is the act whereby the information in a document is presented. This presentation) S
22 -387.8 M
(is done in the form most appropriate to the environment \(e.g. aurally, visually, in print\). ) S
0 -401 M
(User Agent ) S
22 -414.2 M
(A user agent is a system that processes XHTML documents in accordance with this) S
22 -427.4 M
(specification. See ) S
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(User Agent ) S
(Conformance) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(11) S
(] ) S
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(for more information. ) S
0 -440.6 M
(Validation ) S
22 -453.8 M
(Validation is a process whereby documents are verified against the associated DTD,) S
22 -467 M
(ensuring that the structure, use of elements, and use of attributes are consistent with the) S
22 -480.2 M
(definitions in the DTD. ) S
0 -493.4 M
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(Well-formed) S
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( ) S
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(A document is well-formed when it is structured according to the rules defined in ) S
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(Section ) S
(2.1) S
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(of the XML 1.0 Recommendation ) S
([) S
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(XML) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
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(].) S
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(- 8 -) S
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(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 40 M
(2.2. General Terms) S
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(3.) S
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( Normative Definition of XHTML ) S
(1.0) S
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(This section is ) S
(normative.) S
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(3.1.) S
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( Document ) S
(Conformance) S
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(This version of XHTML provides a definition of strictly conforming XHTML 1.0 documents, which) S
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(are restricted to elements and attributes from the XML and XHTML 1.0 namespaces. See ) S
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(Section ) S
(3.1.2) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(10) S
(] ) S
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(for information on using XHTML with other namespaces, for instance, to) S
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(include metadata expressed in RDF within XHTML ) S
(documents.) S
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(3.1.1.) S
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( Strictly Conforming ) S
(Documents) S
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(A Strictly Conforming XHTML Document is an XML document that requires only the facilities) S
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(described as mandatory in this specification. Such a document must meet all of the following ) S
0 -225.4 M
(criteria:) S
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(1.  ) S
(It must conform to the constraints expressed in one of the three DTDs found in ) S
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(DTDs) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(19) S
(] ) S
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(and in ) S
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(Appendix ) S
(B) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(21) S
(] ) S
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(.) S
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(2.  ) S
(The root element of the document must be ) S
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(html) S
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(.) S
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(3.  ) S
(The root element of the document must contain an ) S
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(xmlns) S
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( declaration for the XHTML) S
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11 0 Nf
(namespace ) S
([) S
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(XMLNS) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
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(]. The namespace for XHTML is defined to be ) S
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11 4 Nf
(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml) S
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(. An example root element might look ) S
(like:) S
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9.0 4 Nf
(<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">) S
22 -368.4 M
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11 0 Nf
(4.  ) S
(There must be a DOCTYPE declaration in the document prior to the root element. The) S
22 -396.8 M
(public identifier included in the DOCTYPE declaration must reference one of the three) S
22 -410 M
(DTDs found in ) S
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(DTDs) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(19) S
(] ) S
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(using the respective Formal Public Identifier. The system) S
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(identifier may be changed to reflect local system ) S
(conventions.) S
40 -445 M
9.0 4 Nf
(<!DOCTYPE html ) S
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(     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN") S
40 -466.6 M
(     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">) S
40 -488.2 M
(<!DOCTYPE html ) S
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(     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN") S
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(     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">) S
40 -531.4 M
(<!DOCTYPE html ) S
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(     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN") S
40 -553 M
(     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">) S
22 -562 M
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11 0 Nf
(5.  ) S
(The DTD subset must not be used to override any parameter entities in the ) S
(DTD.) S
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gsave
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(- 9 -) S
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(3. Normative Definition of XHTML 1.0) S
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(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
44 -8 M
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(An XML declaration is not required in all XML documents; however XHTML document authors) S
0 -26.4 M
(are strongly encouraged to use XML declarations in all their documents. Such a declaration is) S
0 -39.6 M
(required when the character encoding of the document is other than the default UTF-8 or) S
0 -52.8 M
(UTF-16 and no encoding was determined by a higher-level protocol. Here is an example of an) S
0 -66 M
(XHTML document. In this example, the XML declaration is ) S
(included.) S
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(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>) S
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(<!DOCTYPE html ) S
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(     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN") S
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(    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">) S
18 -131 M
(<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">) S
18 -141.8 M
(  <head>) S
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(    <title>Virtual Library</title>) S
18 -163.4 M
(  </head>) S
18 -174.2 M
(  <body>) S
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(    <p>Moved to <a href="http://example.org/">example.org</a>.</p>) S
18 -195.8 M
(  </body>) S
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(</html>) S
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(The XHTML namespace may be used with other XML namespaces as per ) S
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(although such documents are not strictly conforming XHTML 1.0 documents as defined above.) S
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(Work by W3C is addressing ways to specify conformance for documents involving multiple) S
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(namespaces. For an example, see ) S
([) S
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(The following example shows the way in which XHTML 1.0 could be used in conjunction with the) S
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(MathML ) S
(Recommendation:) S
18 -359.6 M
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(<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">) S
18 -370.4 M
(  <head>) S
18 -381.2 M
(    <title>A Math Example</title>) S
18 -392 M
(  </head>) S
18 -402.8 M
(  <body>) S
18 -413.6 M
(    <p>The following is MathML markup:</p>) S
18 -424.4 M
(    <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">) S
18 -435.2 M
(      <apply> <log/>) S
18 -446 M
(        <logbase>) S
18 -456.8 M
(          <cn> 3 </cn>) S
18 -467.6 M
(        </logbase>) S
18 -478.4 M
(        <ci> x </ci>) S
18 -489.2 M
(      </apply>) S
18 -500 M
(    </math>) S
18 -510.8 M
(  </body>) S
18 -521.6 M
(</html>) S
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(The following example shows the way in which XHTML 1.0 markup could be incorporated into) S
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(another XML ) S
(namespace:) S
18 -580.8 M
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(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>) S
18 -591.6 M
(<!-- initially, the default namespace is "books" -->) S
18 -602.4 M
(<book xmlns='urn:loc.gov:books') S
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(    xmlns:isbn='urn:ISBN:0-395-36341-6' xml:lang="en" lang="en">) S
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gsave
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225.7 -660 M
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(- 10 -) S
0 setgray
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8 0 Nf
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
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(3.1.2. Using XHTML with other namespaces) S
36 -8 M
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(  <title>Cheaper by the Dozen</title>) S
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(  <isbn:number>1568491379</isbn:number>) S
18 -32.4 M
(  <notes>) S
18 -43.2 M
(    <!-- make HTML the default namespace for a hypertext commentary -->) S
18 -54 M
(    <p xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>) S
18 -64.8 M
(        This is also available <a href="http://www.w3.org/">online</a>.) S
18 -75.6 M
(    </p>) S
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(  </notes>) S
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(Conformance) S
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(A conforming user agent must meet all of the following ) S
(criteria:) S
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(1.  ) S
(In order to be consistent with the XML 1.0 Recommendation ) S
([) S
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(] ) S
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(], the user agent) S
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(must parse and evaluate an XHTML document for well-formedness. If the user agent claims) S
22 -206 M
(to be a validating user agent, it must also validate documents against their referenced DTDs) S
22 -219.2 M
(according to ) S
([) S
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(XML) S
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(2.  ) S
(When the user agent claims to support ) S
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(required by this specification through normative reference, it must do so in ways consistent) S
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(with the facilities' definition. ) S
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(3.  ) S
(When a user agent processes an XHTML document as generic XML, it shall only recognize) S
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(attributes of type ) S
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(ID) S
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( \(i.e. the ) S
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(id) S
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( attribute on most XHTML elements\) as fragment identifiers. ) S
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(4.  ) S
(If a user agent encounters an element it does not recognize, it must process the element's) S
22 -314.6 M
(content. ) S
6.7 -328.8 M
(5.  ) S
(If a user agent encounters an attribute it does not recognize, it must ignore the entire) S
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(attribute specification \(i.e., the attribute and its value\). ) S
6.7 -356.2 M
(6.  ) S
(If a user agent encounters an attribute value it does not recognize, it must use the default) S
22 -369.4 M
(attribute value. ) S
6.7 -383.6 M
(7.  ) S
(If it encounters an entity reference \(other than one of the entities defined in this) S
22 -396.8 M
(recommendation or in the XML recommendation\) for which the user agent has processed) S
22 -410 M
(no declaration \(which could happen if the declaration is in the external subset which the) S
22 -423.2 M
(user agent hasn't read\), the entity reference should be processed as the characters) S
22 -436.4 M
(\(starting with the ampersand and ending with the semi-colon\) that make up the entity) S
22 -449.6 M
(reference. ) S
6.7 -463.8 M
(8.  ) S
(When processing content, user agents that encounter characters or character entity) S
22 -477 M
(references that are recognized but not renderable may substitute another rendering that) S
22 -490.2 M
(gives the same meaning, or must display the document in such a way that it is obvious to) S
22 -503.4 M
(the user that normal rendering has not taken place. ) S
6.7 -527.6 M
(9.  ) S
(White space is handled according to the following rules. The following characters are) S
22 -540.8 M
(defined in ) S
([) S
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(XML) S
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([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(] white space ) S
(characters:) S
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gsave
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newpath
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closepath
fill
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(SPACE \(&#x0020;\) ) S
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gsave
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newpath
33.0 -575.56665 2.75 0 360 arc
closepath
fill
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(HORIZONTAL TABULATION \(&#x0009;\) ) S
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gsave
0 setgray
newpath
33.0 -589.766602 2.75 0 360 arc
closepath
fill
grestore
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(CARRIAGE RETURN \(&#x000D;\) ) S
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gsave
0 setgray
newpath
33.0 -603.966553 2.75 0 360 arc
closepath
fill
grestore
44 -607.6 M
(LINE FEED ) S
(\(&#x000A;\)) S
22 -607.6 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 11 -) S
0 setgray
364.2 40 M
8 0 Nf
(3.2. User Agent Conformance) S
0 40 M
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
44 -8 M
grestore
pgsave restore N
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gsave
1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor
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closepath
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%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica
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(The XML processor normalizes different systems' line end codes into one single LINE) S
22 -26.4 M
(FEED character, that is passed up to the ) S
(application.) S
22 -50.6 M
(The user agent must use the definition from CSS for processing whitespace characters ) S
22 -63.8 M
11 0 Nf
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(CSS2) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
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(]. ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(Note that the CSS2 recommendation does not explicitly address the issue of) S
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(whitespace handling in non-Latin character sets. This will be addressed in a future version) S
22 -90.2 M
11 1 Nf
(of CSS, at which time this reference will be ) S
(updated.) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(Note that in order to produce a Canonical XHTML document, the rules above must be applied) S
0 -127.6 M
(and the rules in ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(XMLC14N) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(] must also be applied to the ) S
(document.) S
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gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 12 -) S
0 setgray
205 40 M
8 0 Nf
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 40 M
(3.2. User Agent Conformance) S
0 -8 M
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gsave
1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor
newpath
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closepath
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(4.) S
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( Differences with ) S
(HTML\2404) S
0 -32.3 M
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(This section is ) S
(informative.) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(Due to the fact that XHTML is an XML application, certain practices that were perfectly legal in) S
0 -84.4 M
(SGML-based HTML\2404 ) S
([) S
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(HTML4) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(] must be ) S
(changed.) S
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(4.1.) S
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( Documents must be ) S
(well-formed) S
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(Well-formedness) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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([p.) S
(8) S
(] ) S
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(is a new concept introduced by ) S
([) S
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(XML) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(]. Essentially this means that) S
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(all elements must either have closing tags or be written in a special form \(as described below\),) S
0 -169 M
(and that all the elements must nest ) S
(properly.) S
0 -193.2 M
(Although overlapping is illegal in SGML, it is widely tolerated in existing ) S
(browsers.) S
0 -217.4 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(CORRECT: nested ) S
(elements.) S
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -241.6 M
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(<p>here is an emphasized ) S
(<em>paragraph</em>.</p>) S
0 -265.8 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 3 Nf
(INCORRECT: overlapping ) S
(elements) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -290 M
11 0 Nf
(<p>here is an emphasized ) S
(<em>paragraph.</p></em>) S
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(4.2.) S
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( Element and attribute names must be in lower ) S
(case) S
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(XHTML documents must use lower case for all HTML element and attribute names. This) S
0 -361.4 M
(difference is necessary because XML is case-sensitive e.g. <li> and <LI> are different ) S
(tags.) S
0 -395.4 M
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(4.3.) S
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( For non-empty elements, end tags are ) S
(required) S
0 -403.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -419.6 M
11 0 Nf
(In SGML-based HTML 4 certain elements were permitted to omit the end tag; with the elements) S
0 -432.8 M
(that followed implying closure. XML does not allow end tags to be omitted. All elements other) S
0 -446 M
11 0 Nf
(than those declared in the DTD as ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(EMPTY) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( must have an end tag. Elements that are declared in) S
0 -459.2 M
11 0 Nf
(the DTD as ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(EMPTY) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( can have an end tag ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica-Oblique
11 1 Nf
(or) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( can use empty element shorthand \(see ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Empty ) S
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(Elements) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(14) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(\).) S
0 -496.6 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 3 Nf
(CORRECT: terminated ) S
(elements) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -520.8 M
11 0 Nf
(<p>here is a paragraph.</p><p>here is another ) S
(paragraph.</p>) S
0 -545 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 3 Nf
(INCORRECT: unterminated ) S
(elements) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -569.2 M
11 0 Nf
(<p>here is a paragraph.<p>here is another ) S
(paragraph.) S
0 -580.2 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 13 -) S
0 setgray
373.5 40 M
8 0 Nf
(4. Differences with HTML\2404) S
0 40 M
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 -8 M
grestore
pgsave restore N
%%Page: 14 14
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%%PageBoundingBox: 57 44 556 755
%%BeginPageSetup
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71 706 translate
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 0 M
gsave
1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor
newpath
-14 14 M
484 14 L
484 -634 L
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closepath
fill
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0.6 setlinewidth
0 -20.4 M
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(4.4.) S
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( Attribute values must always be ) S
(quoted) S
0 -28.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -44.6 M
11 0 Nf
(All attribute values must be quoted, even those which appear to be ) S
(numeric.) S
0 -68.8 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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11 3 Nf
(CORRECT: quoted attribute ) S
(values) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -93 M
11 0 Nf
(<td ) S
(rowspan="3">) S
0 -117.2 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 3 Nf
(INCORRECT: unquoted attribute ) S
(values) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -141.4 M
11 0 Nf
(<td ) S
(rowspan=3>) S
0 -175.4 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(4.5.) S
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( Attribute ) S
(Minimization) S
0 -183.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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11 0 Nf
(XML does not support attribute minimization. Attribute-value pairs must be written in full.) S
0 -212.8 M
11 0 Nf
(Attribute names such as ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(compact) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( and ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(checked) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( cannot occur in elements without their value) S
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(being ) S
(specified.) S
0 -250.2 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(CORRECT: unminimized ) S
(attributes) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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11 0 Nf
(<dl ) S
(compact="compact">) S
0 -298.6 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(INCORRECT: minimized ) S
(attributes) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -322.8 M
11 0 Nf
(<dl ) S
(compact>) S
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0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(4.6.) S
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( Empty ) S
(Elements) S
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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11 0 Nf
(Empty elements must either have an end tag or the start tag must end with ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(/>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. For instance, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -394.2 M
11 4 Nf
(<br/>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( or ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<hr></hr>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. See ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(HTML Compatibility ) S
(Guidelines) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(23) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(for information on ways to) S
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(ensure this is backward compatible with HTML 4 user ) S
(agents.) S
0 -431.6 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 3 Nf
(CORRECT: terminated empty ) S
(elements) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -455.8 M
11 0 Nf
(<br/><hr/>) S
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 3 Nf
(INCORRECT: unterminated empty ) S
(elements) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -504.2 M
11 0 Nf
(<br><hr>) S
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0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(4.7.) S
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( White Space handling in attribute ) S
(values) S
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -562.4 M
11 0 Nf
(When user agents process attributes, they do so according to ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Section ) S
(3.3.3) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( of ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(XML) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(]:) S
11 -583 M
gsave
0 setgray
newpath
11.0 -582.968262 2.75 0 360 arc
closepath
fill
grestore
22 -586.6 M
(Strip leading and trailing white space. ) S
11 -597.2 M
gsave
0 setgray
newpath
11.0 -597.168213 2.75 0 360 arc
closepath
fill
grestore
22 -600.8 M
(Map sequences of one or more white space characters \(including line breaks\) to a single) S
22 -614 M
(inter-word ) S
(space.) S
0 -614 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 14 -) S
0 setgray
205 40 M
8 0 Nf
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 40 M
(4.4. Attribute values must always be quoted) S
0 -8 M
grestore
pgsave restore N
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%%EndPageSetup
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gsave
1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor
newpath
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484 14 L
484 -634 L
-14 -634 L
closepath
fill
grestore
0.6 setlinewidth
0 -20.4 M
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(4.8.) S
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( Script and Style ) S
(elements) S
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -44.6 M
11 0 Nf
(In XHTML, the script and style elements are declared as having ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Courier
11 4 Nf
(#PCDATA) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( content. As a result, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -57.8 M
11 0 Nf
(and ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(&) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( will be treated as the start of markup, and entities such as ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(&lt;) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( and ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(&amp;) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( will be) S
0 -71 M
11 0 Nf
(recognized as entity references by the XML processor to ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( and ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(&) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( respectively. Wrapping the) S
0 -84.2 M
11 0 Nf
(content of the script or style element within a ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(CDATA) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( marked section avoids the expansion of) S
0 -97.4 M
(these ) S
(entities.) S
18 -119.2 M
9.0 4 Nf
(<script type="text/javascript">) S
18 -130 M
(<![CDATA[) S
18 -140.8 M
(... unescaped script content ...) S
18 -151.6 M
(]]>) S
18 -162.4 M
(</script>) S
0 -171.4 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -186.6 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(CDATA) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( sections are recognized by the XML processor and appear as nodes in the Document) S
0 -199.8 M
(Object Model, see ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Section ) S
(1.3) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(DOM) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(].) S
0 -224 M
(An alternative is to use external script and style ) S
(documents.) S
0 -258 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(4.9.) S
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( SGML ) S
(exclusions) S
0 -266.5 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -282.2 M
11 0 Nf
(SGML gives the writer of a DTD the ability to exclude specific elements from being contained) S
0 -295.4 M
(within an element. Such prohibitions \(called "exclusions"\) are not possible in ) S
(XML.) S
0 -319.6 M
11 0 Nf
(For example, the HTML 4 Strict DTD forbids the nesting of an ) S
(') S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(a) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(' element within another ) S
(') S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(a) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(') S
0 -332.8 M
(element to any descendant depth. It is not possible to spell out such prohibitions in XML. Even) S
0 -346 M
(though these prohibitions cannot be defined in the DTD, certain elements should not be nested.) S
0 -359.2 M
(A summary of such elements and the elements that should not be nested in them is found in the) S
0 -372.4 M
(normative ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Element ) S
(Prohibitions) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(21) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(.) S
0 -406.4 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(4.10.) S
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( The elements with 'id' and 'name' ) S
(attributes) S
0 -414.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -430.6 M
11 0 Nf
(HTML 4 defined the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(name) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute for the elements ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(a) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(applet) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(form) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(frame) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(iframe) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(img) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(,) S
0 -443.8 M
11 0 Nf
(and ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(map) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. HTML 4 also introduced the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(id) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute. Both of these attributes are designed to be) S
0 -457 M
(used as fragment ) S
(identifiers.) S
0 -481.2 M
11 0 Nf
(In XML, fragment identifiers are of type ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(ID) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, and there can only be a single attribute of type ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(ID) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -494.4 M
11 0 Nf
(per element. Therefore, in XHTML 1.0 the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(id) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute is defined to be of type ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(ID) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. In order to) S
0 -507.6 M
(ensure that XHTML 1.0 documents are well-structured XML documents, XHTML 1.0 documents) S
0 -520.8 M
11 0 Nf
(MUST use the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(id) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute when defining fragment identifiers on the elements listed above. See) S
0 -534 M
(the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(HTML Compatibility ) S
(Guidelines) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(23) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(for information on ensuring such anchors are) S
0 -547.2 M
11 0 Nf
(backward compatible when serving XHTML documents as media type ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(text/html) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(.) S
0 -571.4 M
11 0 Nf
(Note that in XHTML 1.0, the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(name) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute of these elements is formally deprecated, and will be) S
0 -584.6 M
(removed in a subsequent version of ) S
(XHTML.) S
0 -584.6 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 15 -) S
0 setgray
363.7 40 M
8 0 Nf
(4.8. Script and Style elements) S
0 40 M
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 -8 M
grestore
pgsave restore N
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/pgsave save D
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 0 M
gsave
1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor
newpath
-14 14 M
484 14 L
484 -634 L
-14 -634 L
closepath
fill
grestore
0.6 setlinewidth
0 -20.4 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(4.11.) S
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( Attributes with pre-defined value ) S
(sets) S
0 -28.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -44.6 M
11 0 Nf
(HTML 4 and XHTML both have some attributes that have pre-defined and limited sets of values) S
0 -57.8 M
11 0 Nf
(\(e.g. the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Courier
11 4 Nf
(type) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute of the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(input) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( element\). In SGML and XML, these are called ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica-Oblique
11 1 Nf
(enumerated ) S
0 -71 M
11 1 Nf
(attributes) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. Under HTML 4, the interpretation of these values was ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(case-insensitive) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, so a value of ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -84.2 M
11 4 Nf
(TEXT) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( was equivalent to a value of ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(text) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. Under XML, the interpretation of these values is ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -97.4 M
11 1 Nf
(case-sensitive) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, and in XHTML 1 all of these values are defined in ) S
(lower-case.) S
0 -131.4 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(4.12.) S
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( Entity references as hex ) S
(values) S
0 -139.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -155.6 M
11 0 Nf
(SGML and XML both permit references to characters by using hexadecimal values. In SGML) S
0 -168.8 M
(these references could be made using either &#Xnn; or &#xnn;. In XML documents, you must) S
0 -182 M
(use the lower-case version \(i.e. ) S
(&#xnn;\)) S
0 -193 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 16 -) S
0 setgray
205 40 M
8 0 Nf
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 40 M
(4.11. Attributes with pre-defined value sets) S
0 -8 M
grestore
pgsave restore N
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%%BeginPageSetup
/pgsave save D
71 706 translate
%%EndPageSetup
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 0 M
gsave
1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor
newpath
-14 14 M
484 14 L
484 -634 L
-14 -634 L
closepath
fill
grestore
0.6 setlinewidth
0 -22.8 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(5.) S
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( Compatibility ) S
(Issues) S
0 -32.3 M
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(This section is ) S
(normative.) S
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11 0 Nf
(Although there is no requirement for XHTML 1.0 documents to be compatible with existing user) S
0 -84.4 M
(agents, in practice this is easy to accomplish. Guidelines for creating compatible documents can) S
0 -97.6 M
(be found in ) S
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(Appendix\240C) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(23) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(.) S
0 -131.6 M
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(5.1.) S
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( Internet Media ) S
(Type) S
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(XHTML Documents which follow the guidelines set forth in ) S
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(Appendix ) S
(C) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(23) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(, "HTML) S
0 -169 M
(Compatibility Guidelines" may be labeled with the Internet Media Type "text/html" ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(RFC2854) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
0 -182.2 M
([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(], as they are compatible with most HTML browsers. Those documents, and any other) S
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(document conforming to this specification, may also be labeled with the Internet Media Type) S
0 -208.6 M
("application/xhtml+xml" as defined in ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(RFC3236) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(]. For further information on using media) S
0 -221.8 M
(types with XHTML, see the informative note ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(XHTMLMIME) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(].) S
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gsave
0 setgray
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8 0 Nf
(- 17 -) S
0 setgray
390 40 M
8 0 Nf
(5. Compatibility Issues) S
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(A.) S
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(This appendix is ) S
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(These DTDs and entity sets form a normative part of this specification. The complete set of DTD) S
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(files together with an XML declaration and SGML Open Catalog is included in the ) S
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(zip ) S
(file) S
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( and the ) S
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(gzip'd tar ) S
(file) S
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( for this specification. Users looking for local copies of the DTDs to work with should) S
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(download and use those archives rather than using the specific DTDs referenced ) S
(below.) S
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(A.1.) S
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(These DTDs approximate the HTML 4 DTDs. The W3C recommends that you use the) S
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(authoritative versions of these DTDs at their defined SYSTEM identifiers when validating) S
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(content. If you need to use these DTDs locally you should download one of the archives of ) S
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(this ) S
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([p.) S
(1) S
(] ) S
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(. For completeness, the normative versions of the DTDs are included ) S
(here:) S
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(A.1.1.) S
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( ) S
(XHTML-1.0-Strict) S
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(The file ) S
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( is a normative part of this specification. The annotated contents of) S
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(this file are available in this ) S
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(separate ) S
(section) S
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( for ) S
(completeness.) S
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(A.1.2.) S
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( ) S
(XHTML-1.0-Transitional) S
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(The file ) S
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(DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd) S
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( is a normative part of this specification. The annotated) S
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(contents of this file are available in this ) S
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(separate ) S
(section) S
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( for ) S
(completeness.) S
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(A.1.3.) S
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(The file ) S
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(DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd) S
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(contents of this file are available in this ) S
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(separate ) S
(section) S
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( for ) S
(completeness.) S
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(A.2.) S
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( Entity ) S
(Sets) S
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(The XHTML entity sets are the same as for HTML 4, but have been modified to be valid XML 1.0) S
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(entity declarations. Note the entity for the Euro currency sign ) S
(\() S
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(&euro;) S
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( or ) S
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(&#8364;) S
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( or ) S
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11 4 Nf
(&#x20AC;) S
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(\) is defined as part of the special ) S
(characters.) S
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(A.2.1.) S
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(The file ) S
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(DTD/xhtml-lat1.ent) S
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( is a normative part of this specification. The annotated contents of) S
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(this file are available in this ) S
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(separate ) S
(section) S
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( for ) S
(completeness.) S
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gsave
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(- 19 -) S
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(A. DTDs) S
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(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
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11 0 Nf
(The file ) S
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(DTD/xhtml-special.ent) S
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( is a normative part of this specification. The annotated contents) S
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(of this file are available in this ) S
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(separate ) S
(section) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
( for ) S
(completeness.) S
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(A.2.3.) S
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( is a normative part of this specification. The annotated contents) S
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(of this file are available in this ) S
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(separate ) S
(section) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
( for ) S
(completeness.) S
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gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 20 -) S
0 setgray
205 40 M
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(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
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(A.2.2. Special characters) S
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gsave
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(B.) S
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(This appendix is ) S
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(The following elements have prohibitions on which elements they can contain \(see ) S
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(15) S
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(elements.) S
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( ) S
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(must not contain other ) S
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11 4 Nf
(a) S
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11 0 Nf
( elements. ) S
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11 4 Nf
(pre) S
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( ) S
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11 0 Nf
(must not contain the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(img) S
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11 0 Nf
(, ) S
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11 4 Nf
(object) S
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(, ) S
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(big) S
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(, ) S
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(small) S
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(, ) S
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(sub) S
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(, or ) S
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(sup) S
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( elements. ) S
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(button) S
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11 0 Nf
( ) S
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11 0 Nf
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11 4 Nf
(input) S
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11 0 Nf
(, ) S
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(, ) S
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(, ) S
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(, ) S
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(button) S
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11 0 Nf
(, ) S
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11 4 Nf
(form) S
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(, ) S
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(, ) S
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11 4 Nf
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( or ) S
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(isindex) S
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( elements. ) S
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11 4 Nf
(label) S
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11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -227.4 M
11 0 Nf
(must not contain other ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(label) S
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11 0 Nf
( elements. ) S
0 -240.6 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(form) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -253.8 M
11 0 Nf
(must not contain other ) S
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11 4 Nf
(form) S
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11 0 Nf
( ) S
(elements.) S
0 -264.8 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 21 -) S
0 setgray
386.9 40 M
8 0 Nf
(B. Element Prohibitions) S
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(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
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gsave
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225.7 -660 M
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica
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(- 22 -) S
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205 40 M
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(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
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(B. Element Prohibitions) S
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gsave
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484 -634 L
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(C.) S
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(Guidelines) S
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(This appendix is ) S
(informative.) S
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(This appendix summarizes design guidelines for authors who wish their XHTML documents to) S
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(Note that this recommendation does not define how) S
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(HTML conforming user agents should process HTML documents. Nor does it define the) S
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11 1 Nf
(meaning of the Internet Media Type ) S
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%%IncludeResource: font Courier-Oblique
11 5 Nf
(text/html) S
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11 1 Nf
(. For these definitions, see ) S
([) S
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(HTML4) S
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([p.) S
(31) S
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([) S
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(RFC2854) S
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(C.1.) S
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( Processing Instructions and the XML ) S
(Declaration) S
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(Be aware that processing instructions are rendered on some user agents. Also, some user) S
0 -195.4 M
(agents interpret the XML declaration to mean that the document is unrecognized XML rather) S
0 -208.6 M
(than HTML, and therefore may not render the document as expected. For compatibility with) S
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(these types of legacy browsers, you may want to avoid using processing instructions and XML) S
0 -235 M
(declarations. Remember, however, that when the XML declaration is not included in a) S
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(document, the document can only use the default character encodings UTF-8 or ) S
(UTF-16.) S
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(C.2.) S
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(Include a space before the trailing ) S
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( and ) S
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( of empty elements, e.g. ) S
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(<br\240/>) S
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(, ) S
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(<hr\240/>) S
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( and ) S
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(<img) S
0 -319.6 M
11 4 Nf
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<br ) S
(/>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, as the alternative syntax ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<br></br>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( allowed by XML gives uncertain) S
0 -346 M
(results in many existing user ) S
(agents.) S
0 -380 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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17 0 Nf
(C.3.) S
[/View [/XYZ -4 346.401703 null] /Dest /51 /DEST pdfmark
( Element Minimization and Empty Element ) S
(Content) S
0 -388.5 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -404.2 M
11 0 Nf
(Given an empty instance of an element whose content model is not ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(EMPTY) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( \(for example, an) S
0 -417.4 M
11 0 Nf
(empty title or paragraph\) do not use the minimized form \(e.g. use ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<p> ) S
(</p>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( and not ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<p\240/>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(\).) S
0 -451.4 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(C.4.) S
[/View [/XYZ -4 275.002045 null] /Dest /52 /DEST pdfmark
( Embedded Style Sheets and ) S
(Scripts) S
0 -459.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -475.6 M
11 0 Nf
(Use external style sheets if your style sheet uses ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( or ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(&) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( or ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(]]>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( or ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(--) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. Use external scripts if) S
0 -488.8 M
11 0 Nf
(your script uses ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( or ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(&) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( or ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(]]>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( or ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(--) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. Note that XML parsers are permitted to silently remove the) S
0 -502 M
(contents of comments. Therefore, the historical practice of "hiding" scripts and style sheets) S
0 -515.2 M
(within "comments" to make the documents backward compatible is likely to not work as) S
0 -528.4 M
(expected in XML-based user ) S
(agents.) S
0 -562.4 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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(C.5.) S
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( Line Breaks within Attribute ) S
(Values) S
0 -570.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -586.6 M
11 0 Nf
(Avoid line breaks and multiple white space characters within attribute values. These are handled) S
0 -599.8 M
(inconsistently by user ) S
(agents.) S
0 -599.8 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 23 -) S
0 setgray
350 40 M
8 0 Nf
(C. HTML Compatibility Guidelines) S
0 40 M
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 -8 M
grestore
pgsave restore N
%%Page: 24 24
%%PageResources: font Helvetica Courier
%%PageBoundingBox: 57 44 556 755
%%BeginPageSetup
/pgsave save D
71 706 translate
%%EndPageSetup
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 0 M
gsave
1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor
newpath
-14 14 M
484 14 L
484 -634 L
-14 -634 L
closepath
fill
grestore
0.6 setlinewidth
0 -20.4 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica
17 0 Nf
(C.6.) S
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( ) S
(Isindex) S
0 -28.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -44.6 M
11 0 Nf
(Don't include more than one ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Courier
11 4 Nf
(isindex) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( element in the document ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(head) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. The ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(isindex) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( element is) S
0 -57.8 M
11 0 Nf
(deprecated in favor of the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(input) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
(element.) S
0 -91.8 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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17 0 Nf
(C.7.) S
[/View [/XYZ -4 634.600464 null] /Dest /55 /DEST pdfmark
( The ) S
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
17 4 Nf
(lang) S
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
17 0 Nf
( and ) S
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
17 4 Nf
(xml:lang) S
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
17 0 Nf
( ) S
(Attributes) S
0 -100.3 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -116 M
11 0 Nf
(Use both the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(lang) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( and ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(xml:lang) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attributes when specifying the language of an element. The) S
0 -129.2 M
11 0 Nf
(value of the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(xml:lang) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute takes ) S
(precedence.) S
0 -163.2 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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17 0 Nf
(C.8.) S
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( Fragment ) S
(Identifiers) S
0 -171.7 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -187.4 M
11 0 Nf
(In XML, URI-references ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(RFC2396) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(] that end with fragment identifiers of the form ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
("#foo") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -200.6 M
11 0 Nf
(do not refer to elements with an attribute ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(name="foo") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(; rather, they refer to elements with an) S
0 -213.8 M
11 0 Nf
(attribute defined to be of type ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(ID) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, e.g., the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(id) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute in HTML 4. Many existing HTML clients) S
0 -227 M
11 0 Nf
(don't support the use of ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(ID) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(-type attributes in this way, so identical values may be supplied for) S
0 -240.2 M
11 0 Nf
(both of these attributes to ensure maximum forward and backward compatibility \(e.g., ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<a) S
0 -253.4 M
11 4 Nf
(id="foo" ) S
(name="foo">...</a>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(\).) S
0 -277.6 M
11 0 Nf
(Further, since the set of legal values for attributes of type ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(ID) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( is much smaller than for those of) S
0 -290.8 M
11 0 Nf
(type ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(CDATA) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, the type of the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(name) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute has been changed to ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(NMTOKEN) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(. This attribute is) S
0 -304 M
11 0 Nf
(constrained such that it can only have the same values as type ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(ID) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, or as the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(Name) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( production in) S
0 -317.2 M
(XML 1.0 Section 2.3, production 5. Unfortunately, this constraint cannot be expressed in the) S
0 -330.4 M
(XHTML 1.0 DTDs. Because of this change, care must be taken when converting existing HTML) S
0 -343.6 M
(documents. The values of these attributes must be unique within the document, valid, and any) S
0 -356.8 M
(references to these fragment identifiers \(both internal and external\) must be updated should the) S
0 -370 M
(values be changed during ) S
(conversion.) S
0 -394.2 M
(Note that the collection of legal values in XML 1.0 Section 2.3, production 5 is much larger than) S
0 -407.4 M
11 0 Nf
(that permitted to be used in the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(ID) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( and ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(NAME) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( types defined in HTML 4. When defining fragment) S
0 -420.6 M
11 0 Nf
(identifiers to be backward-compatible, only strings matching the pattern ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -433.8 M
11 4 Nf
([A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9:_.-]*) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( should be used. See ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Section ) S
(6.2) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( of ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(HTML4) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(] for more ) S
0 -447 M
(information.) S
0 -471.2 M
11 0 Nf
(Finally, note that XHTML 1.0 has deprecated the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(name) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( attribute of the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(a) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(applet) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(form) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(frame) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0 -484.4 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(iframe) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(img) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, and ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(map) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( elements, and it will be removed from XHTML in subsequent ) S
(versions.) S
0 -518.4 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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17 0 Nf
(C.9.) S
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( Character ) S
(Encoding) S
0 -526.9 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -542.6 M
11 0 Nf
(Historically, the character encoding of an HTML document is either specified by a web server via) S
0 -555.8 M
11 0 Nf
(the charset parameter of the HTTP Content-Type header, or via a ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(meta) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( element in the) S
0 -569 M
(document itself. In an XML document, the character encoding of the document is specified on) S
0 -582.2 M
11 0 Nf
(the XML declaration \(e.g., ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<?xml version="1.0" ) S
(encoding="EUC-JP"?>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(\). In order to) S
0 -595.4 M
(portably present documents with specific character encodings, the best approach is to ensure) S
0 -608.6 M
(that the web server provides the correct headers. If this is not possible, a document that wants) S
0 -608.6 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 24 -) S
0 setgray
205 40 M
8 0 Nf
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 40 M
(C.6. Isindex) S
0 -8 M
grestore
pgsave restore N
%%Page: 25 25
%%PageResources: font Helvetica Courier
%%PageBoundingBox: 57 44 556 755
%%BeginPageSetup
/pgsave save D
71 706 translate
%%EndPageSetup
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 0 M
gsave
1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor
newpath
-14 14 M
484 14 L
484 -634 L
-14 -634 L
closepath
fill
grestore
0.6 setlinewidth
0 -13.2 M
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica
11 0 Nf
(to set its character encoding explicitly must include both the XML declaration an encoding) S
0 -26.4 M
11 0 Nf
(declaration and a ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Courier
11 4 Nf
(meta) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( http-equiv statement \(e.g., ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(<meta http-equiv="Content-type") S
0 -39.6 M
11 4 Nf
(content="text/html; ) S
(charset=EUC-JP"\240/>) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(\). In XHTML-conforming user agents, the) S
0 -52.8 M
(value of the encoding declaration of the XML declaration takes ) S
(precedence.) S
0 -77 M
(Note: be aware that if a document must include the character encoding declaration in a meta) S
0 -90.2 M
(http-equiv statement, that document may always be interpreted by HTTP servers and/or user) S
0 -103.4 M
(agents as being of the internet media type defined in that statement. If a document is to be) S
0 -116.6 M
(served as multiple media types, the HTTP server must be used to set the encoding of the ) S
0 -129.8 M
(document.) S
0 -163.8 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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17 0 Nf
(C.10.) S
[/View [/XYZ -4 562.600708 null] /Dest /58 /DEST pdfmark
( Boolean ) S
(Attributes) S
0 -172.3 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -188 M
11 0 Nf
(Some HTML user agents are unable to interpret boolean attributes when these appear in their) S
0 -201.2 M
(full \(non-minimized\) form, as required by XML 1.0. Note this problem doesn't affect user agents) S
0 -214.4 M
11 0 Nf
(compliant with HTML 4. The following attributes are involved: ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(compact) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(nowrap) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(ismap) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -227.6 M
11 4 Nf
(declare) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(noshade) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(checked) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(disabled) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(readonly) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(multiple) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(selected) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(noresize) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -240.8 M
11 4 Nf
(defer) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(.) S
0 -274.8 M
0.0 0.313725501 0.698039234 setrgbcolor
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17 0 Nf
(C.11.) S
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( Document Object Model and ) S
(XHTML) S
0 -283.3 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 -299 M
11 0 Nf
(The Document Object Model level 1 Recommendation ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(DOM) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( ) S
([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(] defines document object) S
0 -312.2 M
(model interfaces for XML and HTML 4. The HTML 4 document object model specifies that) S
0 -325.4 M
(HTML element and attribute names are returned in upper-case. The XML document object) S
0 -338.6 M
(model specifies that element and attribute names are returned in the case they are specified. In) S
0 -351.8 M
(XHTML 1.0, elements and attributes are specified in lower-case. This apparent difference can) S
0 -365 M
(be addressed in two ) S
(ways:) S
6.7 -389.2 M
11 0 Nf
(1.  ) S
(User agents that access XHTML documents served as Internet media type ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(text/html) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( via) S
22 -402.4 M
(the DOM can use the HTML DOM, and can rely upon element and attribute names being) S
22 -415.6 M
(returned in upper-case from those interfaces. ) S
6.7 -429.8 M
11 0 Nf
(2.  ) S
(User agents that access XHTML documents served as Internet media types ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(text/xml) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
22 -443 M
11 4 Nf
(application/xml) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(, or ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(application/xhtml+xml) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( can also use the XML DOM. Elements) S
22 -456.2 M
(and attributes will be returned in lower-case. Also, some XHTML elements may or may not) S
22 -469.4 M
11 0 Nf
(appear in the object tree because they are optional in the content model \(e.g. the ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(tbody) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
22 -482.6 M
11 0 Nf
(element within ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 4 Nf
(table) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(\). This occurs because in HTML 4 some elements were permitted to) S
22 -495.8 M
(be minimized such that their start and end tags are both omitted \(an SGML feature\). This is) S
22 -509 M
(not possible in XML. Rather than require document authors to insert extraneous elements,) S
22 -522.2 M
(XHTML has made the elements optional. User agents need to adapt to this accordingly. For) S
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(further information on this topic, see ) S
([) S
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(] ) S
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(]) S
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gsave
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(- 25 -) S
0 setgray
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(C.10. Boolean Attributes) S
0 40 M
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
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(C.12.) S
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(Elsewhere\)) S
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(In both SGML and XML, the ampersand character \("&"\) declares the beginning of an entity) S
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(reference \(e.g., &reg; for the registered trademark symbol "\256"\). Unfortunately, many HTML user) S
0 -71 M
(agents have silently ignored incorrect usage of the ampersand character in HTML documents -) S
0 -84.2 M
(treating ampersands that do not look like entity references as literal ampersands. XML-based) S
0 -97.4 M
(user agents will not tolerate this incorrect usage, and any document that uses an ampersand) S
0 -110.6 M
(incorrectly will not be "valid", and consequently will not conform to this specification. In order to) S
0 -123.8 M
(ensure that documents are compatible with historical HTML user agents and XML-based user) S
0 -137 M
(agents, ampersands used in a document that are to be treated as literal characters must be) S
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(expressed themselves as an entity reference \(e.g. ) S
(") S
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(&amp;) S
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("\). For example, when the ) S
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(href) S
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(attribute of the ) S
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(a) S
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( element refers to a CGI script that takes parameters, it must be expressed as ) S
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(http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&amp;name=user) S
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( rather) S
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(than as ) S
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(http://my.site.dom/cgi-bin/myscript.pl?class=guest&name=user) S
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(.) S
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(C.13.) S
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( Cascading Style Sheets \(CSS\) and ) S
(XHTML) S
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(The Cascading Style Sheets level 2 Recommendation ) S
([) S
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(CSS2) S
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( ) S
([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
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(which are applied to the parse tree of the HTML or XML documents. Differences in parsing will) S
0 -274.4 M
(produce different visual or aural results, depending on the selectors used. The following hints) S
0 -287.6 M
(will reduce this effect for documents which are served without modification as both media ) S
(types:) S
6.7 -311.8 M
(1.  ) S
(CSS style sheets for XHTML should use lower case element and attribute names. ) S
6.7 -326 M
(2.  ) S
(In tables, the tbody element will be inferred by the parser of an HTML user agent, but not by) S
22 -339.2 M
(the parser of an XML user agent. Therefore you should always explicitly add a tbody) S
22 -352.4 M
(element if it is referred to in a CSS selector. ) S
6.7 -366.6 M
(3.  ) S
(Within the XHTML namespace, user agents are expected to recognize the "id" attribute as) S
22 -379.8 M
(an attribute of type ID. Therefore, style sheets should be able to continue using the) S
22 -393 M
(shorthand "#" selector syntax even if the user agent does not read the DTD. ) S
6.7 -407.2 M
(4.  ) S
(Within the XHTML namespace, user agents are expected to recognize the "class" attribute.) S
22 -420.4 M
(Therefore, style sheets should be able to continue using the shorthand "." selector syntax. ) S
6.7 -434.6 M
(5.  ) S
(CSS defines different conformance rules for HTML and XML documents; be aware that the) S
22 -447.8 M
(HTML rules apply to XHTML documents delivered as HTML and the XML rules apply to) S
22 -461 M
(XHTML documents delivered as ) S
(XML.) S
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(C.14.) S
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( Referencing Style Elements when serving as ) S
(XML) S
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(In HTML 4 and XHTML, the ) S
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(style) S
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( element can be used to define document-internal style rules.) S
0 -532.4 M
(In XML, an XML stylesheet declaration is used to define style rules. In order to be compatible) S
0 -545.6 M
11 0 Nf
(with this convention, ) S
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(style) S
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( elements should have their fragment identifier set using the ) S
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(id) S
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11 0 Nf
(attribute, and an XML stylesheet declaration should reference this fragment. For ) S
(example:) S
18 -580.6 M
9.0 4 Nf
(<?xml-stylesheet href="W3C-REC.css" type="text/css"?>) S
18 -591.4 M
(<?xml-stylesheet href="#internalStyle" type="text/css"?>) S
18 -602.2 M
(<!DOCTYPE html ) S
18 -613 M
(     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN") S
18 -613 M
gsave
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8 0 Nf
(- 26 -) S
0 setgray
237.2 40 M
7.02774191 0 Nf
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 40 M
(C.12. Using Ampersands in Attribute Values \(and Elsewhere\)) S
36 -7 M
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(     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">) S
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(<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">) S
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(<head>) S
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(<title>An internal stylesheet example</title>) S
18 -54 M
(<style type="text/css" id="internalStyle">) S
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(  code {) S
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(    color: green;) S
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(    font-family: monospace;) S
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(    font-weight: bold;) S
18 -108 M
(  }) S
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(</style>) S
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(</head>) S
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(<body>) S
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(<p>) S
18 -162 M
(  This is text that uses our ) S
18 -172.8 M
(  <code>internal stylesheet</code>.) S
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(</p>) S
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(</body>) S
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(</html>) S
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(C.15.) S
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( White Space Characters in HTML vs. ) S
(XML) S
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11 0 Nf
(Some characters that are legal in HTML documents, are illegal in XML document. For example,) S
0 -276.6 M
(in HTML, the Formfeed character \(U+000C\) is treated as white space, in XHTML, due to XML's) S
0 -289.8 M
(definition of characters, it is ) S
(illegal.) S
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(C.16.) S
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( The Named Character Reference ) S
(&apos;) S
0 -332.3 M
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11 0 Nf
(The named character reference ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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(&apos;) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( \(the apostrophe, U+0027\) was introduced in XML 1.0) S
0 -361.2 M
11 0 Nf
(but does not appear in HTML. Authors should therefore use ) S
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(&#39;) S
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( instead of ) S
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(&apos;) S
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11 0 Nf
( to work) S
0 -374.4 M
(as expected in HTML 4 user ) S
(agents.) S
0 -385.4 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 27 -) S
0 setgray
303.7 40 M
7.75078678 0 Nf
(C.15. White Space Characters in HTML vs. XML) S
0 40 M
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 -7.8 M
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closepath
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gsave
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225.7 -660 M
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica
8 0 Nf
(- 28 -) S
0 setgray
210.4 40 M
7.8382411 0 Nf
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 40 M
(C.16. The Named Character Reference &apos;) S
0 -7.8 M
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(D.) S
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( ) S
(Acknowledgements) S
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11 2 Nf
(This appendix is ) S
(informative.) S
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11 0 Nf
(This specification was written with the participation of the members of the W3C HTML Working ) S
0 -84.4 M
(Group.) S
0 -108.6 M
(At publication of the second edition, the membership ) S
(was:) S
22 -132.8 M
(Steven Pemberton, CWI/W3C \(HTML Working Group ) S
(Chair\)) S
22 -146 M
(Daniel Austin, ) S
(Grainger) S
22 -159.2 M
(Jonny Axelsson, Opera ) S
(Software) S
22 -172.4 M
(Tantek \307elik, ) S
(Microsoft) S
22 -185.6 M
(Doug Dominiak, Openwave ) S
(Systems) S
22 -198.8 M
(Herman Elenbaas, Philips ) S
(Electronics) S
22 -212 M
(Beth Epperson, ) S
(Netscape/) S
(AOL) S
22 -225.2 M
(Masayasu Ishikawa, W3C \(HTML Activity ) S
(Lead\)) S
22 -238.4 M
(Shin'ichi Matsui, ) S
(Panasonic) S
22 -251.6 M
(Shane McCarron, Applied Testing and ) S
(Technology) S
22 -264.8 M
(Ann Navarro, WebGeek, ) S
(Inc.) S
22 -278 M
(Subramanian Peruvemba, ) S
(Oracle) S
22 -291.2 M
(Rob Relyea, ) S
(Microsoft) S
22 -304.4 M
(Sebastian Schnitzenbaumer, ) S
(SAP) S
22 -317.6 M
(Peter Stark, Sony ) S
(Ericsson) S
0 -341.8 M
(At publication of the first edition, the membership ) S
(was:) S
22 -366 M
(Steven Pemberton, ) S
(CWI) S
( \(HTML Working Group ) S
(Chair\)) S
22 -379.2 M
(Murray Altheim, Sun ) S
(Microsystems) S
22 -392.4 M
(Daniel Austin, AskJeeves \(CNET: The Computer Network through July ) S
(1999\)) S
22 -405.6 M
(Frank Boumphrey, HTML Writers ) S
(Guild) S
22 -418.8 M
(John Burger, ) S
(Mitre) S
22 -432 M
(Andrew W. Donoho, ) S
(IBM) S
22 -445.2 M
(Sam Dooley, ) S
(IBM) S
22 -458.4 M
(Klaus Hofrichter, ) S
(GMD) S
22 -471.6 M
(Philipp Hoschka, ) S
(W3C) S
22 -484.8 M
(Masayasu Ishikawa, ) S
(W3C) S
22 -498 M
(Warner ten Kate, Philips ) S
(Electronics) S
22 -511.2 M
(Peter King, ) S
(Phone.com) S
22 -524.4 M
(Paula Klante, ) S
(JetForm) S
22 -537.6 M
(Shin'ichi Matsui, Panasonic \(W3C visiting engineer through September ) S
(1999\)) S
22 -550.8 M
(Shane McCarron, Applied Testing and Technology \(The Open Group through August ) S
(1999\)) S
22 -564 M
(Ann Navarro, HTML Writers ) S
(Guild) S
22 -577.2 M
(Zach Nies, ) S
(Quark) S
22 -590.4 M
(Dave Raggett, W3C/HP \(HTML Activity ) S
(Lead\)) S
22 -603.6 M
(Patrick Schmitz, ) S
(Microsoft) S
22 -616.8 M
(Sebastian Schnitzenbaumer, Stack ) S
(Overflow) S
22 -616.8 M
gsave
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(- 29 -) S
0 setgray
390.4 40 M
8 0 Nf
(D. Acknowledgements) S
0 40 M
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
44 -8 M
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%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica
11 0 Nf
(Peter Stark, ) S
(Phone.com) S
22 -26.4 M
11 0 Nf
(Chris Wilson, ) S
(Microsoft) S
22 -39.6 M
(Ted Wugofski, Gateway ) S
(2000) S
22 -52.8 M
(Dan Zigmond, WebTV ) S
(Networks) S
0 -63.8 M
gsave
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(- 30 -) S
0 setgray
205 40 M
8 0 Nf
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 40 M
(D. Acknowledgements) S
0 -8 M
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(E.) S
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( ) S
(References) S
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([CSS2]) S
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( ) S
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(") S
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica-Oblique
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(Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 \(CSS2\) ) S
(Specification) S
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(", B. Bos, H. W. Lie, C. Lilley, I.) S
22 -97.6 M
(Jacobs, 12 May ) S
(1998.) S
22 -110.8 M
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(Latest ) S
(version) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
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( available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2 ) S
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([DOM]) S
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( ) S
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(") S
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11 1 Nf
(Document Object Model \(DOM\) Level 1 ) S
(Specification) S
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(", Lauren Wood ) S
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(et ) S
(al.) S
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(, 1 October ) S
22 -150.4 M
(1998.) S
22 -163.6 M
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(Latest ) S
(version) S
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[/Rect [21.0 -166.349365 91.4741211 -154.249359] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
( available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1 ) S
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([DOM2]) S
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( ) S
22 -190 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
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0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(Document Object Model \(DOM\) Level 2 Core ) S
(Specification) S
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[/Rect [24.9047852 -192.749268 311.767334 -180.649261] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
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(", A. Le\240Hors, ) S
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(et ) S
(al.) S
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(, 13) S
22 -203.2 M
(November ) S
(2000.) S
22 -216.4 M
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(Latest ) S
(version) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [21.0 -219.14917 91.4741211 -207.049164] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
( available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2-Core ) S
0 -229.6 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 489.600891 null] /Dest /70 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 489.600891 null] /Dest /70 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([HTML]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -242.8 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(HTML 4.01 ) S
(Specification) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -245.549072 146.726074 -233.449066] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", D. Raggett, A. Le\240Hors, I. Jacobs, 24 December ) S
(1999.) S
22 -256 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Latest ) S
(version) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [21.0 -258.749023 91.4741211 -246.649017] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/html401)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
( available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401 ) S
0 -269.2 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 450.001038 null] /Dest /71 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 450.001038 null] /Dest /71 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([POSIX.1]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -282.4 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 Information Technology - Portable Operating System Interface) S
22 -295.6 M
11 1 Nf
(\(POSIX\) - Part 1: System Application Program Interface \(API\) [C ) S
(Language]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", Institute of) S
22 -308.8 M
(Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 1990. ) S
0 -322 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 397.201233 null] /Dest /72 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 397.201233 null] /Dest /72 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([RFC2045]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -335.2 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions \(MIME\) Part One: Format of Internet Message ) S
[/Rect [24.9047852 -337.94873 440.772461 -325.848724] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
22 -348.4 M
11 1 Nf
(Bodies) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [21.0 -351.148682 56.626709 -339.048676] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", N. Freed and N. Borenstein, November 1996. Note that this RFC obsoletes) S
22 -361.6 M
(RFC1521, RFC1522, and RFC1590. ) S
0 -374.8 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 344.401428 null] /Dest /73 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 344.401428 null] /Dest /73 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([RFC2046]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -388 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(RFC2046: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions \(MIME\) Part Two: Media ) S
(Types) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -390.748535 418.740479 -378.648529] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", N.) S
22 -401.2 M
(Freed and N. Borenstein, November ) S
(1996.) S
22 -414.4 M
(Available at ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [80.9160156 -417.148438 240.641602 -405.048431] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2046.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
(. Note that this RFC obsoletes RFC1521,) S
22 -427.6 M
(RFC1522, and RFC1590. ) S
0 -440.8 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 278.401672 null] /Dest /74 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 278.401672 null] /Dest /74 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([RFC2119]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -454 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(RFC2119: Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement ) S
(Levels) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -456.748291 365.578857 -444.648285] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", S. Bradner, March ) S
22 -467.2 M
(1997.) S
22 -480.4 M
(Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt ) S
0 -493.6 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 225.601868 null] /Dest /75 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 225.601868 null] /Dest /75 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([RFC2376]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -506.8 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(RFC2376: XML Media ) S
(Types) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -509.548096 168.726074 -497.44809] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", E. Whitehead, M. Murata, July ) S
(1998.) S
22 -520 M
(This document is obsoleted by ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(RFC3023) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [175.679932 -522.748047 224.748535 -510.648041] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Dest /78 /ANN pdfmark
( ) S
([p.) S
(32) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(].) S
22 -533.2 M
(Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2376.txt ) S
0 -546.4 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 172.802063 null] /Dest /76 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 172.802063 null] /Dest /76 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([RFC2396]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -559.6 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(RFC2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers \(URI\): Generic ) S
(Syntax) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -562.3479 330.092773 -550.247925] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", T. Berners-Lee, R.) S
22 -572.8 M
(Fielding, L. Masinter, August ) S
(1998.) S
22 -586 M
(This document updates RFC1738 and ) S
(RFC1808.) S
22 -599.2 M
(Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt ) S
22 -599.2 M
gsave
0 setgray
225.7 -660 M
8 0 Nf
(- 31 -) S
0 setgray
419.3 40 M
8 0 Nf
(E. References) S
0 40 M
(XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language \(Second Edition\)) S
0 -8 M
grestore
pgsave restore N
%%Page: 32 32
%%PageResources: font Helvetica Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica-Bold
%%PageBoundingBox: 57 44 556 755
%%BeginPageSetup
/pgsave save D
71 706 translate
%%EndPageSetup
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0 0 M
gsave
1.0 1.0 1.0 setrgbcolor
newpath
-14 14 M
484 14 L
484 -634 L
-14 -634 L
closepath
fill
grestore
0.6 setlinewidth
0 -13.2 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 706.000061 null] /Dest /77 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 706.000061 null] /Dest /77 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica-Bold
11 2 Nf
([RFC2854]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -26.4 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
%%IncludeResource: font Helvetica-Oblique
11 1 Nf
(RFC2854: The text/html Media ) S
(Type) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -29.1499023 204.189209 -17.049902] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", D. Conolly, L. Masinter, June ) S
(2000.) S
22 -39.6 M
(Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2854.txt ) S
0 -52.8 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 666.400208 null] /Dest /78 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 666.400208 null] /Dest /78 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([RFC3023]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -66 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(RFC3023: XML Media ) S
(Types) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -68.7497559 168.726074 -56.6497574] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", M. Murata, S. St.Laurent, D. Kohn, January ) S
(2001.) S
22 -79.2 M
(This document obsoletes ) S
([) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(RFC2376) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [149.390381 -81.949707 198.458984 -69.8497086] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Dest /75 /ANN pdfmark
( ) S
([p.) S
(31) S
(] ) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(].) S
22 -92.4 M
(Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3023.txt ) S
0 -105.6 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 613.600403 null] /Dest /79 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 613.600403 null] /Dest /79 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([RFC3066]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -118.8 M
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Tags for the Identification of ) S
(Languages) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -121.549561 220.12793 -109.449562] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
(", H. Alvestrand, January ) S
(2001.) S
22 -132 M
(Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt ) S
0 -145.2 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 574.000549 null] /Dest /80 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 574.000549 null] /Dest /80 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([RFC3236]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -158.4 M
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(The 'application/xhtml+xml' Media ) S
(Type) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -161.149414 219.74292 -149.049408] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
(", M. Baker, P. Stark, January ) S
(2002.) S
22 -171.6 M
(Available at: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3236.txt ) S
0 -184.8 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 534.400696 null] /Dest /81 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 534.400696 null] /Dest /81 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([XHTML+MathML]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -198 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(XHTML plus Math 1.1 ) S
(DTD) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -200.749268 158.935791 -188.649261] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", "A.2 MathML as a DTD Module", Mathematical Markup) S
22 -211.2 M
(Language \(MathML\) Version 2.0. Available at:) S
22 -224.4 M
(http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/dtd/xhtml-math11-f.dtd ) S
0 -237.6 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 481.600891 null] /Dest /82 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 481.600891 null] /Dest /82 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([XHTMLMIME]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -250.8 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(XHTML Media ) S
(Types) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -253.549072 130.20459 -241.449066] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/NOTE-xhtml-media-types-20020801)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", Masayasu Ishikawa, 1 August ) S
(2002.) S
22 -264 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Latest ) S
(version) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [21.0 -266.749023 91.4741211 -254.649017] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
( available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types ) S
0 -277.2 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 442.001038 null] /Dest /83 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 442.001038 null] /Dest /83 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([XHTMLMOD]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -290.4 M
11 0 Nf
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 1 Nf
(Modularization of ) S
(XHTML) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -293.148926 150.993896 -281.04892] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml-modularization-20010410)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
(", M. Altheim et al., 10 April ) S
(2001.) S
22 -303.6 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Latest ) S
(version) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [21.0 -306.348877 91.4741211 -294.248871] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
( available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-modularization ) S
0 -316.8 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 402.401184 null] /Dest /84 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 402.401184 null] /Dest /84 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([XML]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -330 M
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Extensible Markup Language \(XML\) 1.0 Specification \(Second ) S
(Edition\)) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -332.748779 370.49585 -320.648773] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
(", T. Bray, J. Paoli,) S
22 -343.2 M
(C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, E. Maler, 6 October ) S
(2000.) S
22 -356.4 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Latest ) S
(version) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [21.0 -359.148682 91.4741211 -347.048676] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
( available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml ) S
0 -369.6 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 349.601379 null] /Dest /85 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 349.601379 null] /Dest /85 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([XMLNS]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -382.8 M
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Namespaces in ) S
(XML) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -385.548584 128.378662 -373.448578] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
(", T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman, 14 January ) S
(1999.) S
22 -396 M
(XML namespaces provide a simple method for qualifying names used in XML documents) S
22 -409.2 M
(by associating them with namespaces identified by ) S
(URI.) S
22 -422.4 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Latest ) S
(version) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [21.0 -425.148438 91.4741211 -413.048431] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
( available at: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names ) S
0 -435.6 M
[/View [/XYZ -4 283.601624 null] /Dest /86 /DEST pdfmark
[/View [/XYZ -4 283.601624 null] /Dest /86 /DEST pdfmark
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 2 Nf
([XMLC14N]) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
11 0 Nf
( ) S
22 -448.8 M
(") S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Canonical XML Version ) S
(1.0) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [24.9047852 -451.54834 160.178955 -439.448334] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
(", J. Boyer, 15 March ) S
(2001.) S
22 -462 M
(This document describes a method for generating a physical representation, the canonical) S
22 -475.2 M
(form, of an XML ) S
(document.) S
22 -488.4 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
(Latest ) S
(version) S
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
[/Rect [21.0 -491.148193 91.4741211 -479.048187] /Subtype /Link /Border [0 0 1] /Action [/Subtype /URI /URI (http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n)] Cd /ANN pdfmark
( available at: ) S
(http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n) S
0 -528 M
0.0 0.0 0.0 setrgbcolor
gsave
0.0 -527.998047 translate
70.4 25.6 scale

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8 0 Nf
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0 40 M
(E. References) S
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grestore
pgsave restore N
%%EOF