path: root/compiler/cpp/src/generate/t_go_generator.cc

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

/*
 * This file is programmatically sanitized for style:
 * astyle --style=1tbs -f -p -H -j -U t_go_generator.cc
 *
 * The output of astyle should not be taken unquestioningly, but it is a good
 * guide for ensuring uniformity and readability.
 */

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <algorithm>
#include "t_generator.h"
#include "platform.h"
#include "version.h"

using std::map;
using std::ofstream;
using std::ostringstream;
using std::string;
using std::stringstream;
using std::vector;

static const string endl = "\n"; // avoid ostream << std::endl flushes

/**
 * A helper for automatically formatting the emitted Go code from the Thrift
 * IDL per the Go style guide.
 *
 * Returns:
 *  - true, if the formatting process succeeded.
 *  - false, if the formatting process failed, which means the basic output was
 *           still generated.
 */
bool format_go_output(const string& file_path);

const string default_thrift_import = "git.apache.org/thrift.git/lib/go/thrift";
static std::string package_flag;

/**
 * Go code generator.
 */
class t_go_generator : public t_generator {
public:
  t_go_generator(t_program* program,
                 const std::map<std::string, std::string>& parsed_options,
                 const std::string& option_string)
    : t_generator(program) {
    (void)option_string;
    std::map<std::string, std::string>::const_iterator iter;
    out_dir_base_ = "gen-go";
    gen_thrift_import_ = default_thrift_import;

    iter = parsed_options.find("package_prefix");

    if (iter != parsed_options.end()) {
      gen_package_prefix_ = (iter->second);
    }

    iter = parsed_options.find("thrift_import");

    if (iter != parsed_options.end()) {
      gen_thrift_import_ = (iter->second);
    }

    iter = parsed_options.find("package");

    if (iter != parsed_options.end()) {
      package_flag = (iter->second);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Init and close methods
   */

  void init_generator();
  void close_generator();

  /**
   * Program-level generation functions
   */

  void generate_typedef(t_typedef* ttypedef);
  void generate_enum(t_enum* tenum);
  void generate_const(t_const* tconst);
  void generate_struct(t_struct* tstruct);
  void generate_xception(t_struct* txception);
  void generate_service(t_service* tservice);

  std::string render_const_value(t_type* type, t_const_value* value, const string& name);

  /**
   * Struct generation code
   */

  void generate_go_struct(t_struct* tstruct, bool is_exception);
  void generate_go_struct_definition(std::ofstream& out,
                                     t_struct* tstruct,
                                     bool is_xception = false,
                                     bool is_result = false,
                                     bool is_args = false);
  void generate_go_struct_initializer(std::ofstream& out,
                                      t_struct* tstruct,
                                      bool is_args_or_result = false);
  void generate_isset_helpers(std::ofstream& out,
                              t_struct* tstruct,
                              const string& tstruct_name,
                              bool is_result = false);
  void generate_go_struct_reader(std::ofstream& out,
                                 t_struct* tstruct,
                                 const string& tstruct_name,
                                 bool is_result = false);
  void generate_go_struct_writer(std::ofstream& out,
                                 t_struct* tstruct,
                                 const string& tstruct_name,
                                 bool is_result = false);
  void generate_go_function_helpers(t_function* tfunction);
  void get_publicized_name_and_def_value(t_field* tfield,
                                         string* OUT_pub_name,
                                         t_const_value** OUT_def_value) const;

  /**
   * Service-level generation functions
   */

  void generate_service_helpers(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_service_interface(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_service_client(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_service_remote(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_service_server(t_service* tservice);
  void generate_process_function(t_service* tservice, t_function* tfunction);

  /**
   * Serialization constructs
   */

  void generate_deserialize_field(std::ofstream& out,
                                  t_field* tfield,
                                  bool declare,
                                  std::string prefix = "",
                                  bool inclass = false,
                                  bool coerceData = false,
                                  bool inkey = false,
                                  bool in_container = false);

  void generate_deserialize_struct(std::ofstream& out,
                                   t_struct* tstruct,
                                   bool is_pointer_field,
                                   bool declare,
                                   std::string prefix = "");

  void generate_deserialize_container(std::ofstream& out,
                                      t_type* ttype,
                                      bool pointer_field,
                                      bool declare,
                                      std::string prefix = "");

  void generate_deserialize_set_element(std::ofstream& out,
                                        t_set* tset,
                                        bool declare,
                                        std::string prefix = "");

  void generate_deserialize_map_element(std::ofstream& out,
                                        t_map* tmap,
                                        bool declare,
                                        std::string prefix = "");

  void generate_deserialize_list_element(std::ofstream& out,
                                         t_list* tlist,
                                         bool declare,
                                         std::string prefix = "");

  void generate_serialize_field(std::ofstream& out,
                                t_field* tfield,
                                std::string prefix = "",
                                bool inkey = false);

  void generate_serialize_struct(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, std::string prefix = "");

  void generate_serialize_container(std::ofstream& out,
                                    t_type* ttype,
                                    bool pointer_field,
                                    std::string prefix = "");

  void generate_serialize_map_element(std::ofstream& out,
                                      t_map* tmap,
                                      std::string kiter,
                                      std::string viter);

  void generate_serialize_set_element(std::ofstream& out, t_set* tmap, std::string iter);

  void generate_serialize_list_element(std::ofstream& out, t_list* tlist, std::string iter);

  void generate_go_docstring(std::ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct);

  void generate_go_docstring(std::ofstream& out, t_function* tfunction);

  void generate_go_docstring(std::ofstream& out,
                             t_doc* tdoc,
                             t_struct* tstruct,
                             const char* subheader);

  void generate_go_docstring(std::ofstream& out, t_doc* tdoc);

  /**
   * Helper rendering functions
   */

  std::string go_autogen_comment();
  std::string go_package();
  std::string go_imports_begin();
  std::string go_imports_end();
  std::string render_includes();
  std::string render_import_protection();
  std::string render_fastbinary_includes();
  std::string declare_argument(t_field* tfield);
  std::string render_field_initial_value(t_field* tfield, const string& name, bool optional_field);
  std::string type_name(t_type* ttype);
  std::string function_signature(t_function* tfunction, std::string prefix = "");
  std::string function_signature_if(t_function* tfunction,
                                    std::string prefix = "",
                                    bool addError = false);
  std::string argument_list(t_struct* tstruct);
  std::string type_to_enum(t_type* ttype);
  std::string type_to_go_type(t_type* ttype, bool is_container_value = false);
  std::string type_to_go_type_with_opt(t_type* ttype,
                                       bool optional_field,
                                       bool is_container_value = false);
  std::string type_to_go_key_type(t_type* ttype);
  std::string type_to_spec_args(t_type* ttype);

  static std::string get_real_go_module(const t_program* program) {

    if (!package_flag.empty()) {
      return package_flag;
    }
    std::string real_module = program->get_namespace("go");
    if (!real_module.empty()) {
      return real_module;
    }

    return lowercase(program->get_name());
  }

private:
  std::string gen_package_prefix_;
  std::string gen_thrift_import_;

  /**
   * File streams
   */

  std::ofstream f_types_;
  std::string f_types_name_;
  std::ofstream f_consts_;
  std::string f_consts_name_;
  std::stringstream f_const_values_;
  std::ofstream f_service_;

  std::string package_name_;
  std::string package_dir_;

  static std::string publicize(const std::string& value, bool is_args_or_result = false);
  static std::string new_prefix(const std::string& value);
  static std::string privatize(const std::string& value);
  static std::string variable_name_to_go_name(const std::string& value);
  static bool is_pointer_field(t_field* tfield, bool in_container = false);
  static bool omit_initialization(t_field* tfield);
};

// returns true if field initialization can be omitted since it has corresponding go type zero value
// or default value is not set
bool t_go_generator::omit_initialization(t_field* tfield) {
  t_const_value* value = tfield->get_value();
  if (!value) {
    return true;
  }
  t_type* type = tfield->get_type()->get_true_type();
  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();

    switch (tbase) {
    case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
      throw "";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
      if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary()) {
        //[]byte are always inline
        return false;
      }
      // strings are pointers if has no default
      return value->get_string().empty();

    case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
      return value->get_integer() == 0;
    case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
      if (value->get_type() == t_const_value::CV_INTEGER) {
        return value->get_integer() == 0;
      } else {
        return value->get_double() == 0.;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

// Returns true if the type need a reference if used as optional without default
static bool type_need_reference(t_type* type) {
  type = type->get_true_type();
  if (type->is_map() || type->is_set() || type->is_list() || type->is_struct()
      || type->is_xception() || (type->is_string() && ((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary())) {
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

// returns false if field could not use comparison to default value as !IsSet*
bool t_go_generator::is_pointer_field(t_field* tfield, bool in_container_value) {
  (void)in_container_value;
  if (tfield->annotations_.count("cpp.ref") != 0) {
    return true;
  }
  t_type* type = tfield->get_type()->get_true_type();
  // Structs in containers are pointers
  if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    return true;
  }
  if (!(tfield->get_req() == t_field::T_OPTIONAL)) {
    return false;
  }

  bool has_default = tfield->get_value();
  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();

    switch (tbase) {
    case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
      throw "";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
      if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary()) {
        //[]byte are always inline
        return false;
      }
      // strings are pointers if has no default
      return !has_default;

    case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
      return !has_default;
    }
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    return !has_default;
  } else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    return true;
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    return has_default;
  } else if (type->is_set()) {
    return has_default;
  } else if (type->is_list()) {
    return has_default;
  } else if (type->is_typedef()) {
    return has_default;
  }

  throw "INVALID TYPE IN type_to_go_type: " + type->get_name();
}

std::string t_go_generator::publicize(const std::string& value, bool is_args_or_result) {
  if (value.size() <= 0) {
    return value;
  }

  std::string value2(value), prefix;

  string::size_type dot_pos = value.rfind('.');
  if (dot_pos != string::npos) {
    prefix = value.substr(0, dot_pos + 1) + prefix;
    value2 = value.substr(dot_pos + 1);
  }

  if (!isupper(value2[0])) {
    value2[0] = toupper(value2[0]);
  }

  // as long as we are changing things, let's change _ followed by lowercase to capital
  for (string::size_type i = 1; i < value2.size() - 1; ++i) {
    if (value2[i] == '_' && islower(value2[i + 1])) {
      value2.replace(i, 2, 1, toupper(value2[i + 1]));
    }
  }

  // final length before further checks, the string may become longer
  size_t len_before = value2.length();

  // IDL identifiers may start with "New" which interferes with the CTOR pattern
  // Adding an extra underscore to all those identifiers solves this
  if ((len_before >= 3) && (value2.substr(0, 3) == "New")) {
    value2 += '_';
  }

  // IDL identifiers may end with "Args"/"Result" which interferes with the implicit service
  // function structs
  // Adding another extra underscore to all those identifiers solves this
  // Suppress this check for the actual helper struct names
  if (!is_args_or_result) {
    bool ends_with_args = (len_before >= 4) && (value2.substr(len_before - 4, 4) == "Args");
    bool ends_with_rslt = (len_before >= 6) && (value2.substr(len_before - 6, 6) == "Result");
    if (ends_with_args || ends_with_rslt) {
      value2 += '_';
    }
  }

  return prefix + value2;
}

std::string t_go_generator::new_prefix(const std::string& value) {
  if (value.size() <= 0) {
    return value;
  }

  string::size_type dot_pos = value.rfind('.');
  if (dot_pos != string::npos) {
    return value.substr(0, dot_pos + 1) + "New" + publicize(value.substr(dot_pos + 1));
  }
  return "New" + publicize(value);
}

std::string t_go_generator::privatize(const std::string& value) {
  if (value.size() <= 0) {
    return value;
  }

  std::string value2(value);

  if (!islower(value2[0])) {
    value2[0] = tolower(value2[0]);
  }

  // as long as we are changing things, let's change _ followed by lowercase to capital
  for (string::size_type i = 1; i < value2.size() - 1; ++i) {
    if (value2[i] == '_' && isalpha(value2[i + 1])) {
      value2.replace(i, 2, 1, toupper(value2[i + 1]));
    }
  }

  return value2;
}

std::string t_go_generator::variable_name_to_go_name(const std::string& value) {
  if (value.size() <= 0) {
    return value;
  }

  std::string value2(value);
  std::transform(value2.begin(), value2.end(), value2.begin(), ::tolower);

  switch (value[0]) {
  case 'b':
  case 'B':
    if (value2 != "break") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'c':
  case 'C':
    if (value2 != "case" && value2 != "chan" && value2 != "const" && value2 != "continue") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'd':
  case 'D':
    if (value2 != "default" && value2 != "defer") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'e':
  case 'E':
    if (value2 != "else" && value2 != "error") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'f':
  case 'F':
    if (value2 != "fallthrough" && value2 != "for" && value2 != "func") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'g':
  case 'G':
    if (value2 != "go" && value2 != "goto") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'i':
  case 'I':
    if (value2 != "if" && value2 != "import" && value2 != "interface") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'm':
  case 'M':
    if (value2 != "map") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'p':
  case 'P':
    if (value2 != "package") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'r':
  case 'R':
    if (value2 != "range" && value2 != "return") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 's':
  case 'S':
    if (value2 != "select" && value2 != "struct" && value2 != "switch") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 't':
  case 'T':
    if (value2 != "type") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  case 'v':
  case 'V':
    if (value2 != "var") {
      return value;
    }

    break;

  default:
    return value;
  }

  return value2 + "_a1";
}

/**
 * Prepares for file generation by opening up the necessary file output
 * streams.
 *
 * @param tprogram The program to generate
 */
void t_go_generator::init_generator() {
  // Make output directory
  string module = get_real_go_module(program_);
  string target = module;
  package_dir_ = get_out_dir();

  while (true) {
    // TODO: Do better error checking here.
    MKDIR(package_dir_.c_str());

    if (module.empty()) {
      break;
    }

    string::size_type pos = module.find('.');

    if (pos == string::npos) {
      package_dir_ += "/";
      package_dir_ += module;
      package_name_ = module;
      module.clear();
    } else {
      package_dir_ += "/";
      package_dir_ += module.substr(0, pos);
      module.erase(0, pos + 1);
    }
  }

  string::size_type loc;

  while ((loc = target.find(".")) != string::npos) {
    target.replace(loc, 1, 1, '/');
  }

  // Make output files
  f_types_name_ = package_dir_ + "/" + "ttypes.go";
  f_types_.open(f_types_name_.c_str());

  f_consts_name_ = package_dir_ + "/" + "constants.go";
  f_consts_.open(f_consts_name_.c_str());

  vector<t_service*> services = program_->get_services();
  vector<t_service*>::iterator sv_iter;

  for (sv_iter = services.begin(); sv_iter != services.end(); ++sv_iter) {
    string service_dir = package_dir_ + "/" + underscore((*sv_iter)->get_name()) + "-remote";
    MKDIR(service_dir.c_str());
  }

  // Print header
  f_types_ << go_autogen_comment() << go_package() << render_includes()
           << render_import_protection();

  f_consts_ << go_autogen_comment() << go_package() << render_includes();

  f_const_values_ << endl << "func init() {" << endl;
}

/**
 * Renders all the imports necessary for including another Thrift program
 */
string t_go_generator::render_includes() {
  const vector<t_program*>& includes = program_->get_includes();
  string result = "";
  string unused_prot = "";

  for (size_t i = 0; i < includes.size(); ++i) {
    string go_module = get_real_go_module(includes[i]);
    size_t found = 0;
    for (size_t j = 0; j < go_module.size(); j++) {
      // Import statement uses slashes ('/') in namespace
      if (go_module[j] == '.') {
        go_module[j] = '/';
        found = j + 1;
      }
    }

    result += "\t\"" + gen_package_prefix_ + go_module + "\"\n";
    unused_prot += "var _ = " + go_module.substr(found) + ".GoUnusedProtection__\n";
  }

  if (includes.size() > 0) {
    result += "\n";
  }

  return go_imports_begin() + result + go_imports_end() + unused_prot;
}

string t_go_generator::render_import_protection() {
  return string("var GoUnusedProtection__ int;\n\n");
}

/**
 * Renders all the imports necessary to use the accelerated TBinaryProtocol
 */
string t_go_generator::render_fastbinary_includes() {
  return "";
}

/**
 * Autogen'd comment
 */
string t_go_generator::go_autogen_comment() {
  return
        std::string() +
        "// Autogenerated by Thrift Compiler (" + THRIFT_VERSION + ")\n"
        "// DO NOT EDIT UNLESS YOU ARE SURE THAT YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING\n\n";
}

/**
 * Prints standard thrift package
 */
string t_go_generator::go_package() {
  return string("package ") + package_name_ + "\n\n";
}

/**
 * Render the beginning of the import statement
 */
string t_go_generator::go_imports_begin() {
  return string(
      "import (\n"
      "\t\"bytes\"\n"
      "\t\"fmt\"\n"
      "\t\"" + gen_thrift_import_ + "\"\n");
}

/**
 * End the import statement, include undscore-assignments
 *
 * These "_ =" prevent the go compiler complaining about used imports.
 * This will have to do in lieu of more intelligent import statement construction
 */
string t_go_generator::go_imports_end() {
  return string(
      ")\n\n"
      "// (needed to ensure safety because of naive import list construction.)\n"
      "var _ = thrift.ZERO\n"
      "var _ = fmt.Printf\n"
      "var _ = bytes.Equal\n\n");
}

/**
 * Closes the type files
 */
void t_go_generator::close_generator() {
  f_const_values_ << "}" << endl << endl;
  f_consts_ << f_const_values_.str();

  // Close types and constants files
  f_consts_.close();
  f_types_.close();
  format_go_output(f_types_name_);
  format_go_output(f_consts_name_);
}

/**
 * Generates a typedef.
 *
 * @param ttypedef The type definition
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_typedef(t_typedef* ttypedef) {
  generate_go_docstring(f_types_, ttypedef);
  string new_type_name(publicize(ttypedef->get_symbolic()));
  string base_type(type_to_go_type(ttypedef->get_type()));

  if (base_type == new_type_name) {
    return;
  }

  f_types_ << "type " << new_type_name << " " << base_type << endl << endl;
  // Generate a convenience function that converts an instance of a type
  // (which may be a constant) into a pointer to an instance of a type.
  f_types_ << "func " << new_type_name << "Ptr(v " << new_type_name << ") *" << new_type_name
           << " { return &v }" << endl << endl;
}

/**
 * Generates code for an enumerated type. Done using a class to scope
 * the values.
 *
 * @param tenum The enumeration
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_enum(t_enum* tenum) {
  std::ostringstream to_string_mapping, from_string_mapping;
  std::string tenum_name(publicize(tenum->get_name()));
  generate_go_docstring(f_types_, tenum);
  f_types_ << "type " << tenum_name << " int64" << endl << "const (" << endl;
  to_string_mapping << indent() << "func (p " << tenum_name << ") String() string {" << endl
                    << indent() << "  switch p {" << endl;
  from_string_mapping << indent() << "func " << tenum_name << "FromString(s string) (" << tenum_name
                      << ", error) {" << endl << indent() << "  switch s {" << endl;
  vector<t_enum_value*> constants = tenum->get_constants();
  vector<t_enum_value*>::iterator c_iter;
  int value = -1;

  for (c_iter = constants.begin(); c_iter != constants.end(); ++c_iter) {
    value = (*c_iter)->get_value();

    string iter_std_name(escape_string((*c_iter)->get_name()));
    string iter_name((*c_iter)->get_name());
    f_types_ << indent() << "  " << tenum_name << "_" << iter_name << ' ' << tenum_name << " = "
             << value << endl;
    // Dictionaries to/from string names of enums
    to_string_mapping << indent() << "  case " << tenum_name << "_" << iter_name << ": return \""
                      << tenum_name << "_" << iter_std_name << "\"" << endl;

    if (iter_std_name != escape_string(iter_name)) {
      from_string_mapping << indent() << "  case \"" << tenum_name << "_" << iter_std_name
                          << "\", \"" << escape_string(iter_name) << "\": return " << tenum_name
                          << "_" << iter_name << ", nil " << endl;
    } else {
      from_string_mapping << indent() << "  case \"" << tenum_name << "_" << iter_std_name
                          << "\": return " << tenum_name << "_" << iter_name << ", nil " << endl;
    }
  }

  to_string_mapping << indent() << "  }" << endl << indent() << "  return \"<UNSET>\"" << endl
                    << indent() << "}" << endl;
  from_string_mapping << indent() << "  }" << endl << indent() << "  return " << tenum_name
                      << "(0),"
                      << " fmt.Errorf(\"not a valid " << tenum_name << " string\")" << endl
                      << indent() << "}" << endl;

  f_types_ << ")" << endl << endl << to_string_mapping.str() << endl << from_string_mapping.str()
           << endl << endl;

  // Generate a convenience function that converts an instance of an enum
  // (which may be a constant) into a pointer to an instance of that enum
  // type.
  f_types_ << "func " << tenum_name << "Ptr(v " << tenum_name << ") *" << tenum_name
           << " { return &v }" << endl << endl;
}

/**
 * Generate a constant value
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_const(t_const* tconst) {
  t_type* type = tconst->get_type();
  string name = publicize(tconst->get_name());
  t_const_value* value = tconst->get_value();

  if (type->is_base_type() || type->is_enum()) {
    indent(f_consts_) << "const " << name << " = " << render_const_value(type, value, name) << endl;
  } else {
    f_const_values_ << indent() << name << " = " << render_const_value(type, value, name) << endl
                    << endl;

    f_consts_ << indent() << "var " << name << " " << type_to_go_type(type) << endl;
  }
}

/**
 * Prints the value of a constant with the given type. Note that type checking
 * is NOT performed in this function as it is always run beforehand using the
 * validate_types method in main.cc
 */
string t_go_generator::render_const_value(t_type* type, t_const_value* value, const string& name) {
  type = get_true_type(type);
  std::ostringstream out;

  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();

    switch (tbase) {
    case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
      if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary()) {
        out << "[]byte(\"" << get_escaped_string(value) << "\")";
      } else {
        out << '"' << get_escaped_string(value) << '"';
      }

      break;

    case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
      out << (value->get_integer() > 0 ? "true" : "false");
      break;

    case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
    case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
      out << value->get_integer();
      break;

    case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
      if (value->get_type() == t_const_value::CV_INTEGER) {
        out << value->get_integer();
      } else {
        out << value->get_double();
      }

      break;

    default:
      throw "compiler error: no const of base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase);
    }
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    indent(out) << value->get_integer();
  } else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    out << "&" << publicize(type_name(type)) << "{";
    indent_up();
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = ((t_struct*)type)->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
    const map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>& val = value->get_map();
    map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;

    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      t_type* field_type = NULL;

      for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
        if ((*f_iter)->get_name() == v_iter->first->get_string()) {
          field_type = (*f_iter)->get_type();
        }
      }

      if (field_type == NULL) {
        throw "type error: " + type->get_name() + " has no field " + v_iter->first->get_string();
      }

      if (field_type->is_base_type() || field_type->is_enum()) {
        out << endl << indent() << publicize(v_iter->first->get_string()) << ": "
            << render_const_value(field_type, v_iter->second, name) << ",";
      } else {
        string k(tmp("k"));
        string v(tmp("v"));
        out << endl << indent() << v << " := " << render_const_value(field_type, v_iter->second, v)
            << endl << indent() << name << "." << publicize(v_iter->first->get_string()) << " = "
            << v;
      }
    }

    out << "}";

    indent_down();
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    t_type* ktype = ((t_map*)type)->get_key_type();
    t_type* vtype = ((t_map*)type)->get_val_type();
    const map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>& val = value->get_map();
    out << "map[" << type_to_go_type(ktype) << "]" << type_to_go_type(vtype, true) << "{" << endl;
    indent_up();
    map<t_const_value*, t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;

    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      out << indent() << render_const_value(ktype, v_iter->first, name) << ": "
          << render_const_value(vtype, v_iter->second, name) << "," << endl;
    }

    indent_down();
    out << indent() << "}";
  } else if (type->is_list()) {
    t_type* etype = ((t_list*)type)->get_elem_type();
    const vector<t_const_value*>& val = value->get_list();
    out << "[]" << type_to_go_type(etype) << "{" << endl;
    indent_up();
    vector<t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;

    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      out << indent() << render_const_value(etype, *v_iter, name) << ", ";
    }

    indent_down();
    out << indent() << "}";
  } else if (type->is_set()) {
    t_type* etype = ((t_set*)type)->get_elem_type();
    const vector<t_const_value*>& val = value->get_list();
    out << "map[" << type_to_go_key_type(etype) << "]bool{" << endl;
    indent_up();
    vector<t_const_value*>::const_iterator v_iter;

    for (v_iter = val.begin(); v_iter != val.end(); ++v_iter) {
      out << indent() << render_const_value(etype, *v_iter, name) << ": true," << endl;
    }

    indent_down();
    out << indent() << "}";
  } else {
    throw "CANNOT GENERATE CONSTANT FOR TYPE: " + type->get_name();
  }

  return out.str();
}

/**
 * Generates a go struct
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_struct(t_struct* tstruct) {
  generate_go_struct(tstruct, false);
}

/**
 * Generates a struct definition for a thrift exception. Basically the same
 * as a struct but extends the Exception class.
 *
 * @param txception The struct definition
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_xception(t_struct* txception) {
  generate_go_struct(txception, true);
}

/**
 * Generates a go struct
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_go_struct(t_struct* tstruct, bool is_exception) {
  generate_go_struct_definition(f_types_, tstruct, is_exception);
}

void t_go_generator::get_publicized_name_and_def_value(t_field* tfield,
                                                       string* OUT_pub_name,
                                                       t_const_value** OUT_def_value) const {
  const string base_field_name = tfield->get_name();
  const string escaped_field_name = escape_string(base_field_name);
  const string go_safe_name = variable_name_to_go_name(escaped_field_name);
  *OUT_pub_name = publicize(go_safe_name);
  *OUT_def_value = tfield->get_value();
}

void t_go_generator::generate_go_struct_initializer(ofstream& out,
                                                    t_struct* tstruct,
                                                    bool is_args_or_result) {
  out << publicize(type_name(tstruct), is_args_or_result) << "{";
  const vector<t_field*>& members = tstruct->get_members();
  for (vector<t_field*>::const_iterator m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end();
       ++m_iter) {
    bool pointer_field = is_pointer_field(*m_iter);
    string publicized_name;
    t_const_value* def_value;
    get_publicized_name_and_def_value(*m_iter, &publicized_name, &def_value);
    if (!pointer_field && def_value != NULL && !omit_initialization(*m_iter)) {
      out << endl << indent() << publicized_name << ": "
          << render_field_initial_value(*m_iter, (*m_iter)->get_name(), pointer_field) << ","
          << endl;
    }
  }

  out << "}" << endl;
}

/**
 * Generates a struct definition for a thrift data type.
 *
 * @param tstruct The struct definition
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_go_struct_definition(ofstream& out,
                                                   t_struct* tstruct,
                                                   bool is_exception,
                                                   bool is_result,
                                                   bool is_args) {
  const vector<t_field*>& members = tstruct->get_members();
  const vector<t_field*>& sorted_members = tstruct->get_sorted_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator m_iter;

  std::string tstruct_name(publicize(tstruct->get_name(), is_args || is_result));
  out << indent() << "type " << tstruct_name << " struct {" << endl;
  /*
     Here we generate the structure specification for the fastbinary codec.
     These specifications have the following structure:
     thrift_spec -> tuple of item_spec
     item_spec -> nil | (tag, type_enum, name, spec_args, default)
     tag -> integer
     type_enum -> TType.I32 | TType.STRING | TType.STRUCT | ...
     name -> string_literal
     default -> nil  # Handled by __init__
     spec_args -> nil  # For simple types
                | (type_enum, spec_args)  # Value type for list/set
                | (type_enum, spec_args, type_enum, spec_args)
                  # Key and value for map
                | (class_name, spec_args_ptr) # For struct/exception
     class_name -> identifier  # Basically a pointer to the class
     spec_args_ptr -> expression  # just class_name.spec_args

     TODO(dreiss): Consider making this work for structs with negative tags.
  */
  // TODO(dreiss): Look into generating an empty tuple instead of nil
  // for structures with no members.
  // TODO(dreiss): Test encoding of structs where some inner structs
  // don't have thrift_spec.
  indent_up();

  if (sorted_members.empty() || (sorted_members[0]->get_key() >= 0)) {
    int sorted_keys_pos = 0;

    for (m_iter = sorted_members.begin(); m_iter != sorted_members.end(); ++m_iter) {
      if (sorted_keys_pos != (*m_iter)->get_key()) {
        int first_unused = std::max(1, sorted_keys_pos++);
        while (sorted_keys_pos != (*m_iter)->get_key()) {
          ++sorted_keys_pos;
        }
        int last_unused = sorted_keys_pos - 1;
        if (first_unused < last_unused) {
          indent(out) << "// unused fields # " << first_unused << " to " << last_unused << endl;
        } else if (first_unused == last_unused) {
          indent(out) << "// unused field # " << first_unused << endl;
        }
      }

      t_type* fieldType = (*m_iter)->get_type();
      string goType = type_to_go_type_with_opt(fieldType, is_pointer_field(*m_iter));
      string gotag("json:\"" + escape_string((*m_iter)->get_name()) + "\"");
      std::map<string, string>::iterator it = (*m_iter)->annotations_.find("go.tag");
      if (it != (*m_iter)->annotations_.end()) {
        gotag = it->second;
      }
      indent(out) << publicize(variable_name_to_go_name((*m_iter)->get_name())) << " " << goType
                  << " `thrift:\"" << escape_string((*m_iter)->get_name()) << ","
                  << sorted_keys_pos;

      if ((*m_iter)->get_req() == t_field::T_REQUIRED) {
        out << ",required";
      }

      out << "\" " << gotag << "`" << endl;
      sorted_keys_pos++;
    }
  } else {
    for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
      // This fills in default values, as opposed to nulls
      out << indent() << publicize((*m_iter)->get_name()) << " "
          << type_to_go_type((*m_iter)->get_type()) << endl;
    }
  }

  indent_down();
  out << indent() << "}" << endl << endl << indent() << "func New" << tstruct_name << "() *"
      << tstruct_name << " {" << endl << indent() << "  return &";
  generate_go_struct_initializer(out, tstruct, is_result || is_args);
  out << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
  // Default values for optional fields
  for (m_iter = members.begin(); m_iter != members.end(); ++m_iter) {
    string publicized_name;
    t_const_value* def_value;
    get_publicized_name_and_def_value(*m_iter, &publicized_name, &def_value);
    t_type* fieldType = (*m_iter)->get_type();
    string goType = type_to_go_type_with_opt(fieldType, false);
    string def_var_name = tstruct_name + "_" + publicized_name + "_DEFAULT";
    if ((*m_iter)->get_req() == t_field::T_OPTIONAL || is_pointer_field(*m_iter)) {
      out << indent() << "var " << def_var_name << " " << goType;
      if (def_value != NULL) {
        out << " = " << render_const_value(fieldType, def_value, (*m_iter)->get_name());
      }
      out << endl;
    }
    if (is_pointer_field(*m_iter)) {
      string goOptType = type_to_go_type_with_opt(fieldType, true);
      string maybepointer = goOptType != goType ? "*" : "";
      out << indent() << "func (p *" << tstruct_name << ") Get" << publicized_name << "() "
          << goType << " {" << endl << indent() << "  if !p.IsSet" << publicized_name << "() {"
          << endl << indent() << "    return " << def_var_name << endl << indent() << "  }" << endl
          << indent() << "return " << maybepointer << "p." << publicized_name << endl << indent()
          << "}" << endl;
    } else {
      out << endl << indent() << "func (p *" << tstruct_name << ") Get" << publicized_name << "() "
          << goType << " {" << endl << indent() << "return p." << publicized_name << endl
          << indent() << "}" << endl;
    }
  }

  generate_isset_helpers(out, tstruct, tstruct_name, is_result);
  generate_go_struct_reader(out, tstruct, tstruct_name, is_result);
  generate_go_struct_writer(out, tstruct, tstruct_name, is_result);

  out << indent() << "func (p *" << tstruct_name << ") String() string {" << endl << indent()
      << "  if p == nil {" << endl << indent() << "    return \"<nil>\"" << endl << indent()
      << "  }" << endl << indent() << "  return fmt.Sprintf(\"" << escape_string(tstruct_name)
      << "(%+v)\", *p)" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;

  if (is_exception) {
    out << indent() << "func (p *" << tstruct_name << ") Error() string {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return p.String()" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
  }
}

/**
 * Generates the IsSet helper methods for a struct
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_isset_helpers(ofstream& out,
                                            t_struct* tstruct,
                                            const string& tstruct_name,
                                            bool is_result) {
  (void)is_result;
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  const string escaped_tstruct_name(escape_string(tstruct->get_name()));

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    const string field_name(
        publicize(variable_name_to_go_name(escape_string((*f_iter)->get_name()))));
    if ((*f_iter)->get_req() == t_field::T_OPTIONAL || is_pointer_field(*f_iter)) {
      out << indent() << "func (p *" << tstruct_name << ") IsSet" << field_name << "() bool {"
          << endl;
      indent_up();
      t_type* ttype = (*f_iter)->get_type()->get_true_type();
      bool is_byteslice = ttype->is_base_type() && ((t_base_type*)ttype)->is_binary();
      bool compare_to_nil_only = ttype->is_set() || ttype->is_list() || ttype->is_map()
                                 || (is_byteslice && !(*f_iter)->get_value());
      if (is_pointer_field(*f_iter) || compare_to_nil_only) {
        out << indent() << "return p." << field_name << " != nil" << endl;
      } else {
        string def_var_name = tstruct_name + "_" + field_name + "_DEFAULT";
        if (is_byteslice) {
          out << indent() << "return !bytes.Equal(p." << field_name << ", " << def_var_name << ")"
              << endl;
        } else {
          out << indent() << "return p." << field_name << " != " << def_var_name << endl;
        }
      }
      indent_down();
      out << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Generates the read method for a struct
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_go_struct_reader(ofstream& out,
                                               t_struct* tstruct,
                                               const string& tstruct_name,
                                               bool is_result) {
  (void)is_result;
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  string escaped_tstruct_name(escape_string(tstruct->get_name()));
  out << indent() << "func (p *" << tstruct_name << ") Read(iprot thrift.TProtocol) error {"
      << endl;
  indent_up();
  out << indent() << "if _, err := iprot.ReadStructBegin(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "  return thrift.PrependError(fmt.Sprintf(\"%T read error: \", p), err)" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
  // Loop over reading in fields
  indent(out) << "for {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  // Read beginning field marker
  out << indent() << "_, fieldTypeId, fieldId, err := iprot.ReadFieldBegin()" << endl << indent()
      << "if err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "  return thrift.PrependError(fmt.Sprintf(\"%T field %d read error: \", p, fieldId), err)" << endl << indent()
      << "}" << endl;
  // Check for field STOP marker and break
  out << indent() << "if fieldTypeId == thrift.STOP { break; }" << endl;

  string thriftFieldTypeId;
  // Generate deserialization code for known cases
  int32_t field_id = -1;

  // Switch statement on the field we are reading, false if no fields present
  bool have_switch = !fields.empty();
  if (have_switch) {
    indent(out) << "switch fieldId {" << endl;
  }

  // All the fields we know
  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    field_id = (*f_iter)->get_key();

    // if negative id, ensure we generate a valid method name
    string field_method_prefix("ReadField");

    if (field_id < 0) {
      field_method_prefix += "_";
      field_id *= -1;
    }

    out << indent() << "case " << field_id << ":" << endl;
    indent_up();
    thriftFieldTypeId = type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type());

    if (thriftFieldTypeId == "thrift.BINARY") {
      thriftFieldTypeId = "thrift.STRING";
    }

    out << indent() << "if err := p." << field_method_prefix << field_id << "(iprot); err != nil {"
        << endl << indent() << "  return err" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
    indent_down();
  }

  // Begin switch default case
  if (have_switch) {
    out << indent() << "default:" << endl;
    indent_up();
  }

  // Skip unknown fields in either case
  out << indent() << "if err := iprot.Skip(fieldTypeId); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "  return err" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;

  // End switch default case
  if (have_switch) {
    indent_down();
    out << indent() << "}" << endl;
  }

  // Read field end marker
  out << indent() << "if err := iprot.ReadFieldEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "  return err" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
  indent_down();
  out << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "if err := iprot.ReadStructEnd(); err != nil {"
      << endl << indent() << "  return thrift.PrependError(fmt.Sprintf(\"%T read struct end error: \", p), err)" << endl
      << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "return nil" << endl;
  indent_down();
  out << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    string field_type_name(publicize((*f_iter)->get_type()->get_name()));
    string field_name(publicize((*f_iter)->get_name()));
    string field_method_prefix("ReadField");
    int32_t field_id = (*f_iter)->get_key();

    if (field_id < 0) {
      field_method_prefix += "_";
      field_id *= -1;
    }

    out << indent() << "func (p *" << tstruct_name << ")  " << field_method_prefix << field_id
        << "(iprot thrift.TProtocol) error {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    generate_deserialize_field(out, *f_iter, false, "p.");
    indent_down();
    out << indent() << "  return nil" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
  }
}

void t_go_generator::generate_go_struct_writer(ofstream& out,
                                               t_struct* tstruct,
                                               const string& tstruct_name,
                                               bool is_result) {
  (void)is_result;
  string name(tstruct->get_name());
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_sorted_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  indent(out) << "func (p *" << tstruct_name << ") Write(oprot thrift.TProtocol) error {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteStructBegin(\"" << name << "\"); err != nil {" << endl
      << indent() << "  return thrift.PrependError(fmt.Sprintf(\"%T write struct begin error: \", p), err) }" << endl;

  string field_name;
  string escape_field_name;
  // t_const_value* field_default_value;
  t_field::e_req field_required;
  int32_t field_id = -1;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    string field_method_prefix("writeField");
    field_name = (*f_iter)->get_name();
    escape_field_name = escape_string(field_name);
    field_id = (*f_iter)->get_key();

    if (field_id < 0) {
      field_method_prefix += "_";
      field_id *= -1;
    }

    out << indent() << "if err := p." << field_method_prefix << field_id
        << "(oprot); err != nil { return err }" << endl;
  }

  // Write the struct map
  out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteFieldStop(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"write field stop error: \", err) }" << endl << indent()
      << "if err := oprot.WriteStructEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"write struct stop error: \", err) }" << endl << indent()
      << "return nil" << endl;
  indent_down();
  out << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    string field_method_prefix("writeField");
    field_id = (*f_iter)->get_key();
    field_name = (*f_iter)->get_name();
    escape_field_name = escape_string(field_name);
    // field_default_value = (*f_iter)->get_value();
    field_required = (*f_iter)->get_req();

    if (field_id < 0) {
      field_method_prefix += "_";
      field_id *= -1;
    }

    out << indent() << "func (p *" << tstruct_name << ") " << field_method_prefix << field_id
        << "(oprot thrift.TProtocol) (err error) {" << endl;
    indent_up();

    if (field_required == t_field::T_OPTIONAL) {
      out << indent() << "if p.IsSet" << publicize(variable_name_to_go_name(field_name)) << "() {"
          << endl;
      indent_up();
    }

    out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteFieldBegin(\"" << escape_field_name << "\", "
        << type_to_enum((*f_iter)->get_type()) << ", " << field_id << "); err != nil {" << endl
        << indent() << "  return thrift.PrependError(fmt.Sprintf(\"%T write field begin error " << field_id << ":"
        << escape_field_name << ": \", p), err) }" << endl;

    // Write field contents
    generate_serialize_field(out, *f_iter, "p.");

    // Write field closer
    out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteFieldEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(fmt.Sprintf(\"%T write field end error " << field_id << ":" << escape_field_name
        << ": \", p), err) }" << endl;

    if (field_required == t_field::T_OPTIONAL) {
      indent_down();
      out << indent() << "}" << endl;
    }

    indent_down();
    out << indent() << "  return err" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
  }
}

/**
 * Generates a thrift service.
 *
 * @param tservice The service definition
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_service(t_service* tservice) {
  string test_suffix("_test");
  string filename = lowercase(service_name_);
  string f_service_name;

  size_t fname_len = filename.length();
  size_t suffix_len = test_suffix.length();

  if ((fname_len >= suffix_len)
      && (filename.compare(fname_len - suffix_len, suffix_len, test_suffix) == 0)) {
    f_service_name = package_dir_ + "/" + filename + "_.go";
  } else {
    f_service_name = package_dir_ + "/" + filename + ".go";
  }
  f_service_.open(f_service_name.c_str());
  f_service_ << go_autogen_comment() << go_package() << render_includes();

  generate_service_interface(tservice);
  generate_service_client(tservice);
  generate_service_server(tservice);
  generate_service_helpers(tservice);
  generate_service_remote(tservice);
  // Close service file
  f_service_ << endl;
  f_service_.close();
  format_go_output(f_service_name);
}

/**
 * Generates helper functions for a service.
 *
 * @param tservice The service to generate a header definition for
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_service_helpers(t_service* tservice) {
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;
  f_service_ << "// HELPER FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURES" << endl << endl;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    t_struct* ts = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();
    generate_go_struct_definition(f_service_, ts, false, false, true);
    generate_go_function_helpers(*f_iter);
  }
}

/**
 * Generates a struct and helpers for a function.
 *
 * @param tfunction The function
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_go_function_helpers(t_function* tfunction) {
  if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    t_struct result(program_, tfunction->get_name() + "_result");
    t_field success(tfunction->get_returntype(), "success", 0);
    success.set_req(t_field::T_OPTIONAL);

    if (!tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
      result.append(&success);
    }

    t_struct* xs = tfunction->get_xceptions();
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = xs->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;

    for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
      t_field* f = *f_iter;
      f->set_req(t_field::T_OPTIONAL);
      result.append(f);
    }

    generate_go_struct_definition(f_service_, &result, false, true);
  }
}

/**
 * Generates a service interface definition.
 *
 * @param tservice The service to generate a header definition for
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_service_interface(t_service* tservice) {
  string extends = "";
  string extends_if = "";
  string serviceName(publicize(tservice->get_name()));
  string interfaceName = serviceName;

  if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL) {
    extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
    size_t index = extends.rfind(".");

    if (index != string::npos) {
      extends_if = "\n" + indent() + "  " + extends.substr(0, index + 1)
                   + publicize(extends.substr(index + 1)) + "\n";
    } else {
      extends_if = "\n" + indent() + publicize(extends) + "\n";
    }
  }

  f_service_ << indent() << "type " << interfaceName << " interface {" << extends_if;
  indent_up();
  generate_go_docstring(f_service_, tservice);
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();

  if (!functions.empty()) {
    f_service_ << endl;
    vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;

    for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
      generate_go_docstring(f_service_, (*f_iter));
      f_service_ << indent() << function_signature_if(*f_iter, "", true) << endl;
    }
  }

  indent_down();
  f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
}

/**
 * Generates a service client definition.
 *
 * @param tservice The service to generate a server for.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_service_client(t_service* tservice) {
  string extends = "";
  string extends_field = "";
  string extends_client = "";
  string extends_client_new = "";
  string serviceName(publicize(tservice->get_name()));

  if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL) {
    extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
    size_t index = extends.rfind(".");

    if (index != string::npos) {
      extends_client = extends.substr(0, index + 1) + publicize(extends.substr(index + 1))
                       + "Client";
      extends_client_new = extends.substr(0, index + 1) + "New"
                           + publicize(extends.substr(index + 1)) + "Client";
    } else {
      extends_client = publicize(extends) + "Client";
      extends_client_new = "New" + extends_client;
    }
  }

  extends_field = extends_client.substr(extends_client.find(".") + 1);

  generate_go_docstring(f_service_, tservice);
  f_service_ << indent() << "type " << serviceName << "Client struct {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  if (!extends_client.empty()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "*" << extends_client << endl;
  } else {
    f_service_ << indent() << "Transport thrift.TTransport" << endl << indent()
               << "ProtocolFactory thrift.TProtocolFactory" << endl << indent()
               << "InputProtocol thrift.TProtocol" << endl << indent()
               << "OutputProtocol thrift.TProtocol" << endl << indent() << "SeqId int32"
               << endl /*<<
      indent() << "reqs map[int32]Deferred" << endl*/;
  }

  indent_down();
  f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
  // Constructor function
  f_service_ << indent() << "func New" << serviceName
             << "ClientFactory(t thrift.TTransport, f thrift.TProtocolFactory) *" << serviceName
             << "Client {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  f_service_ << indent() << "return &" << serviceName << "Client";

  if (!extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ << "{" << extends_field << ": " << extends_client_new << "Factory(t, f)}";
  } else {
    indent_up();
    f_service_ << "{Transport: t," << endl << indent() << "ProtocolFactory: f," << endl << indent()
               << "InputProtocol: f.GetProtocol(t)," << endl << indent()
               << "OutputProtocol: f.GetProtocol(t)," << endl << indent() << "SeqId: 0,"
               << endl /*<<
      indent() << "Reqs: make(map[int32]Deferred)" << endl*/;
    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl;
  }

  indent_down();
  f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
  // Constructor function
  f_service_
      << indent() << "func New" << serviceName
      << "ClientProtocol(t thrift.TTransport, iprot thrift.TProtocol, oprot thrift.TProtocol) *"
      << serviceName << "Client {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  f_service_ << indent() << "return &" << serviceName << "Client";

  if (!extends.empty()) {
    f_service_ << "{" << extends_field << ": " << extends_client_new << "Protocol(t, iprot, oprot)}"
               << endl;
  } else {
    indent_up();
    f_service_ << "{Transport: t," << endl << indent() << "ProtocolFactory: nil," << endl
               << indent() << "InputProtocol: iprot," << endl << indent()
               << "OutputProtocol: oprot," << endl << indent() << "SeqId: 0," << endl /*<<
      indent() << "Reqs: make(map[int32]interface{})" << endl*/;
    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl;
  }

  indent_down();
  f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
  // Generate client method implementations
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::const_iterator f_iter;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    t_struct* arg_struct = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();
    const vector<t_field*>& fields = arg_struct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator fld_iter;
    string funname = publicize((*f_iter)->get_name());
    // Open function
    generate_go_docstring(f_service_, (*f_iter));
    f_service_ << indent() << "func (p *" << serviceName << "Client) "
               << function_signature_if(*f_iter, "", true) << " {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    /*
    f_service_ <<
      indent() << "p.SeqId += 1" << endl;
    if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
      f_service_ <<
        indent() << "d := defer.Deferred()" << endl <<
        indent() << "p.Reqs[p.SeqId] = d" << endl;
    }
    */
    f_service_ << indent() << "if err = p.send" << funname << "(";
    bool first = true;

    for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
      if (first) {
        first = false;
      } else {
        f_service_ << ", ";
      }

      f_service_ << variable_name_to_go_name((*fld_iter)->get_name());
    }

    f_service_ << "); err != nil { return }" << endl;

    if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
      f_service_ << indent() << "return p.recv" << funname << "()" << endl;
    } else {
      f_service_ << indent() << "return" << endl;
    }

    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl << indent() << "func (p *" << serviceName
               << "Client) send" << function_signature(*f_iter) << "(err error) {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    std::string argsname = publicize((*f_iter)->get_name() + "_args", true);
    // Serialize the request header
    f_service_ << indent() << "oprot := p.OutputProtocol" << endl << indent() << "if oprot == nil {"
               << endl << indent() << "  oprot = p.ProtocolFactory.GetProtocol(p.Transport)" << endl
               << indent() << "  p.OutputProtocol = oprot" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl
               << indent() << "p.SeqId++" << endl << indent()
               << "if err = oprot.WriteMessageBegin(\"" << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "\", "
               << ((*f_iter)->is_oneway() ? "thrift.ONEWAY" : "thrift.CALL")
               << ", p.SeqId); err != nil {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    f_service_ << indent() << "return" << endl;
    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "args := " << argsname << "{" << endl;

    for (fld_iter = fields.begin(); fld_iter != fields.end(); ++fld_iter) {
      f_service_ << indent() << publicize(variable_name_to_go_name((*fld_iter)->get_name()))
                 << " : " << variable_name_to_go_name((*fld_iter)->get_name()) << "," << endl;
    }
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl;

    // Write to the stream
    f_service_ << indent() << "if err = args.Write(oprot); err != nil {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    f_service_ << indent() << "return" << endl;
    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
               << "if err = oprot.WriteMessageEnd(); err != nil {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    f_service_ << indent() << "return" << endl;
    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "return oprot.Flush()" << endl;
    indent_down();
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;

    if (!(*f_iter)->is_oneway()) {
      std::string resultname = publicize((*f_iter)->get_name() + "_result", true);
      // Open function
      f_service_ << endl << indent() << "func (p *" << serviceName << "Client) recv"
                 << publicize((*f_iter)->get_name()) << "() (";

      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        f_service_ << "value " << type_to_go_type((*f_iter)->get_returntype()) << ", ";
      }

      f_service_ << "err error) {" << endl;
      indent_up();
      // TODO(mcslee): Validate message reply here, seq ids etc.
      string error(tmp("error"));
      string error2(tmp("error"));
      f_service_ << indent() << "iprot := p.InputProtocol" << endl << indent()
                 << "if iprot == nil {" << endl << indent()
                 << "  iprot = p.ProtocolFactory.GetProtocol(p.Transport)" << endl << indent()
                 << "  p.InputProtocol = iprot" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
                 << "_, mTypeId, seqId, err := iprot.ReadMessageBegin()" << endl << indent()
                 << "if err != nil {" << endl << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent() << "}"
                 << endl << indent() << "if mTypeId == thrift.EXCEPTION {" << endl << indent()
                 << "  " << error
                 << " := thrift.NewTApplicationException(thrift.UNKNOWN_APPLICATION_EXCEPTION, "
                    "\"Unknown Exception\")" << endl << indent() << "  var " << error2 << " error"
                 << endl << indent() << "  " << error2 << ", err = " << error << ".Read(iprot)"
                 << endl << indent() << "  if err != nil {" << endl << indent() << "    return"
                 << endl << indent() << "  }" << endl << indent()
                 << "  if err = iprot.ReadMessageEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
                 << "    return" << endl << indent() << "  }" << endl << indent()
                 << "  err = " << error2 << endl << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent()
                 << "}" << endl << indent() << "if p.SeqId != seqId {" << endl << indent()
                 << "  err = thrift.NewTApplicationException(thrift.BAD_SEQUENCE_ID, \""
                 << (*f_iter)->get_name() << " failed: out of sequence response\")" << endl
                 << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
                 << "result := " << resultname << "{}" << endl << indent()
                 << "if err = result.Read(iprot); err != nil {" << endl << indent() << "  return"
                 << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
                 << "if err = iprot.ReadMessageEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
                 << "  return" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;

      t_struct* xs = (*f_iter)->get_xceptions();
      const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = xs->get_members();
      vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;

      for (x_iter = xceptions.begin(); x_iter != xceptions.end(); ++x_iter) {
        const std::string varname = variable_name_to_go_name((*x_iter)->get_name());
        const std::string pubname = publicize(varname);

        f_service_ << indent() << "if result." << pubname << " != nil {" << endl << indent()
                   << "err = result." << pubname << endl << indent() << "return " << endl
                   << indent() << "}";

        if ((x_iter + 1) != xceptions.end()) {
          f_service_ << " else ";
        } else {
          f_service_ << endl;
        }
      }

      // Careful, only return _result if not a void function
      if (!(*f_iter)->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
        f_service_ << indent() << "value = result.GetSuccess()" << endl;
      }

      f_service_ << indent() << "return" << endl;
      // Close function
      indent_down();
      f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
    }
  }

  // indent_down();
  f_service_ << endl;
}

/**
 * Generates a command line tool for making remote requests
 *
 * @param tservice The service to generate a remote for.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_service_remote(t_service* tservice) {
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  t_service* parent = tservice->get_extends();

  // collect inherited functions
  while (parent != NULL) {
    vector<t_function*> p_functions = parent->get_functions();
    functions.insert(functions.end(), p_functions.begin(), p_functions.end());
    parent = parent->get_extends();
  }

  vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;
  string f_remote_name = package_dir_ + "/" + underscore(service_name_) + "-remote/"
                         + underscore(service_name_) + "-remote.go";
  ofstream f_remote;
  f_remote.open(f_remote_name.c_str());
  string service_module = get_real_go_module(program_);
  string::size_type loc;

  while ((loc = service_module.find(".")) != string::npos) {
    service_module.replace(loc, 1, 1, '/');
  }

  f_remote << go_autogen_comment() << indent() << "package main" << endl << endl << indent()
           << "import (" << endl << indent() << "        \"flag\"" << endl << indent()
           << "        \"fmt\"" << endl << indent() << "        \"math\"" << endl << indent()
           << "        \"net\"" << endl << indent() << "        \"net/url\"" << endl << indent()
           << "        \"os\"" << endl << indent() << "        \"strconv\"" << endl << indent()
           << "        \"strings\"" << endl << indent() << "        \"" + gen_thrift_import_ + "\""
           << endl << indent() << "        \"" << service_module << "\"" << endl << indent() << ")"
           << endl << indent() << endl << indent() << "func Usage() {" << endl << indent()
           << "  fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"Usage of \", os.Args[0], \" [-h host:port] [-u url] "
              "[-f[ramed]] function [arg1 [arg2...]]:\")" << endl << indent()
           << "  flag.PrintDefaults()" << endl << indent()
           << "  fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"\\nFunctions:\")" << endl;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    f_remote << "  fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"  " << (*f_iter)->get_returntype()->get_name() << " "
             << (*f_iter)->get_name() << "(";
    t_struct* arg_struct = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();
    const std::vector<t_field*>& args = arg_struct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator a_iter;
    int num_args = args.size();
    bool first = true;

    for (int i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
      if (first) {
        first = false;
      } else {
        f_remote << ", ";
      }

      f_remote << args[i]->get_type()->get_name() << " " << args[i]->get_name();
    }

    f_remote << ")\")" << endl;
  }

  f_remote << indent() << "  fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)" << endl << indent() << "  os.Exit(0)" << endl
           << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << endl << indent() << "func main() {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  f_remote
      << indent() << "flag.Usage = Usage" << endl << indent() << "var host string" << endl
      << indent() << "var port int" << endl << indent() << "var protocol string" << endl << indent()
      << "var urlString string" << endl << indent() << "var framed bool" << endl << indent()
      << "var useHttp bool" << endl << indent() << "var parsedUrl url.URL" << endl << indent()
      << "var trans thrift.TTransport" << endl << indent() << "_ = strconv.Atoi" << endl << indent()
      << "_ = math.Abs" << endl << indent() << "flag.Usage = Usage" << endl << indent()
      << "flag.StringVar(&host, \"h\", \"localhost\", \"Specify host and port\")" << endl
      << indent() << "flag.IntVar(&port, \"p\", 9090, \"Specify port\")" << endl << indent()
      << "flag.StringVar(&protocol, \"P\", \"binary\", \"Specify the protocol (binary, compact, "
         "simplejson, json)\")" << endl << indent()
      << "flag.StringVar(&urlString, \"u\", \"\", \"Specify the url\")" << endl << indent()
      << "flag.BoolVar(&framed, \"framed\", false, \"Use framed transport\")" << endl << indent()
      << "flag.BoolVar(&useHttp, \"http\", false, \"Use http\")" << endl << indent()
      << "flag.Parse()" << endl << indent() << endl << indent() << "if len(urlString) > 0 {" << endl
      << indent() << "  parsedUrl, err := url.Parse(urlString)" << endl << indent()
      << "  if err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "    fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"Error parsing URL: \", err)" << endl << indent()
      << "    flag.Usage()" << endl << indent() << "  }" << endl << indent()
      << "  host = parsedUrl.Host" << endl << indent()
      << "  useHttp = len(parsedUrl.Scheme) <= 0 || parsedUrl.Scheme == \"http\"" << endl
      << indent() << "} else if useHttp {" << endl << indent()
      << "  _, err := url.Parse(fmt.Sprint(\"http://\", host, \":\", port))" << endl << indent()
      << "  if err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "    fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"Error parsing URL: \", err)" << endl << indent()
      << "    flag.Usage()" << endl << indent() << "  }" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl
      << indent() << endl << indent() << "cmd := flag.Arg(0)" << endl << indent() << "var err error"
      << endl << indent() << "if useHttp {" << endl << indent()
      << "  trans, err = thrift.NewTHttpClient(parsedUrl.String())" << endl << indent()
      << "} else {" << endl << indent() << "  portStr := fmt.Sprint(port)" << endl << indent()
      << "  if strings.Contains(host, \":\") {" << endl << indent()
      << "         host, portStr, err = net.SplitHostPort(host)" << endl << indent()
      << "         if err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "                 fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"error with host:\", err)" << endl << indent()
      << "                 os.Exit(1)" << endl << indent() << "         }" << endl << indent()
      << "  }" << endl << indent()
      << "  trans, err = thrift.NewTSocket(net.JoinHostPort(host, portStr))" << endl << indent()
      << "  if err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "    fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"error resolving address:\", err)" << endl << indent()
      << "    os.Exit(1)" << endl << indent() << "  }" << endl << indent() << "  if framed {"
      << endl << indent() << "    trans = thrift.NewTFramedTransport(trans)" << endl << indent()
      << "  }" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "if err != nil {" << endl
      << indent() << "  fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"Error creating transport\", err)" << endl
      << indent() << "  os.Exit(1)" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
      << "defer trans.Close()" << endl << indent() << "var protocolFactory thrift.TProtocolFactory"
      << endl << indent() << "switch protocol {" << endl << indent() << "case \"compact\":" << endl
      << indent() << "  protocolFactory = thrift.NewTCompactProtocolFactory()" << endl << indent()
      << "  break" << endl << indent() << "case \"simplejson\":" << endl << indent()
      << "  protocolFactory = thrift.NewTSimpleJSONProtocolFactory()" << endl << indent()
      << "  break" << endl << indent() << "case \"json\":" << endl << indent()
      << "  protocolFactory = thrift.NewTJSONProtocolFactory()" << endl << indent() << "  break"
      << endl << indent() << "case \"binary\", \"\":" << endl << indent()
      << "  protocolFactory = thrift.NewTBinaryProtocolFactoryDefault()" << endl << indent()
      << "  break" << endl << indent() << "default:" << endl << indent()
      << "  fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"Invalid protocol specified: \", protocol)" << endl << indent()
      << "  Usage()" << endl << indent() << "  os.Exit(1)" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl
      << indent() << "client := " << package_name_ << ".New" << publicize(service_name_)
      << "ClientFactory(trans, protocolFactory)" << endl << indent()
      << "if err := trans.Open(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "  fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"Error opening socket to \", host, \":\", port, \" \", err)"
      << endl << indent() << "  os.Exit(1)" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << endl
      << indent() << "switch cmd {" << endl;

  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    t_struct* arg_struct = (*f_iter)->get_arglist();
    const std::vector<t_field*>& args = arg_struct->get_members();
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator a_iter;
    int num_args = args.size();
    string funcName((*f_iter)->get_name());
    string pubName(publicize(funcName));
    string argumentsName(publicize(funcName + "_args", true));
    f_remote << indent() << "case \"" << escape_string(funcName) << "\":" << endl;
    indent_up();
    f_remote << indent() << "if flag.NArg() - 1 != " << num_args << " {" << endl << indent()
             << "  fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"" << escape_string(pubName) << " requires " << num_args
             << " args\")" << endl << indent() << "  flag.Usage()" << endl << indent() << "}"
             << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
      int flagArg = i + 1;
      t_type* the_type(args[i]->get_type());
      t_type* the_type2(get_true_type(the_type));

      if (the_type2->is_enum()) {
        f_remote << indent() << "tmp" << i << ", err := (strconv.Atoi(flag.Arg(" << flagArg << ")))"
                 << endl << indent() << "if err != nil {" << endl << indent() << "  Usage()" << endl
                 << indent() << " return" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
                 << "argvalue" << i << " := " << package_name_ << "."
                 << publicize(the_type->get_name()) << "(tmp" << i << ")" << endl;
      } else if (the_type2->is_base_type()) {
        t_base_type::t_base e = ((t_base_type*)the_type2)->get_base();
        string err(tmp("err"));

        switch (e) {
        case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
          break;

        case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
          if (((t_base_type*)the_type2)->is_binary()) {
            f_remote << indent() << "argvalue" << i << " := []byte(flag.Arg(" << flagArg << "))"
                     << endl;
          } else {
            f_remote << indent() << "argvalue" << i << " := flag.Arg(" << flagArg << ")" << endl;
          }
          break;

        case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
          f_remote << indent() << "argvalue" << i << " := flag.Arg(" << flagArg << ") == \"true\""
                   << endl;
          break;

        case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
          f_remote << indent() << "tmp" << i << ", " << err << " := (strconv.Atoi(flag.Arg("
                   << flagArg << ")))" << endl << indent() << "if " << err << " != nil {" << endl
                   << indent() << "  Usage()" << endl << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent()
                   << "}" << endl << indent() << "argvalue" << i << " := byte(tmp" << i << ")"
                   << endl;
          break;

        case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
          f_remote << indent() << "tmp" << i << ", " << err << " := (strconv.Atoi(flag.Arg("
                   << flagArg << ")))" << endl << indent() << "if " << err << " != nil {" << endl
                   << indent() << "  Usage()" << endl << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent()
                   << "}" << endl << indent() << "argvalue" << i << " := byte(tmp" << i << ")"
                   << endl;
          break;

        case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
          f_remote << indent() << "tmp" << i << ", " << err << " := (strconv.Atoi(flag.Arg("
                   << flagArg << ")))" << endl << indent() << "if " << err << " != nil {" << endl
                   << indent() << "  Usage()" << endl << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent()
                   << "}" << endl << indent() << "argvalue" << i << " := int32(tmp" << i << ")"
                   << endl;
          break;

        case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
          f_remote << indent() << "argvalue" << i << ", " << err
                   << " := (strconv.ParseInt(flag.Arg(" << flagArg << "), 10, 64))" << endl
                   << indent() << "if " << err << " != nil {" << endl << indent() << "  Usage()"
                   << endl << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
          break;

        case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
          f_remote << indent() << "argvalue" << i << ", " << err
                   << " := (strconv.ParseFloat(flag.Arg(" << flagArg << "), 64))" << endl
                   << indent() << "if " << err << " != nil {" << endl << indent() << "  Usage()"
                   << endl << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl;
          break;

        default:
          throw("Invalid base type in generate_service_remote");
        }

        // f_remote << publicize(args[i]->get_name()) << "(strconv.Atoi(flag.Arg(" << flagArg <<
        // ")))";
      } else if (the_type2->is_struct()) {
        string arg(tmp("arg"));
        string mbTrans(tmp("mbTrans"));
        string err1(tmp("err"));
        string factory(tmp("factory"));
        string jsProt(tmp("jsProt"));
        string err2(tmp("err"));
        std::string tstruct_name(publicize(the_type->get_name()));
        f_remote << indent() << arg << " := flag.Arg(" << flagArg << ")" << endl << indent()
                 << mbTrans << " := thrift.NewTMemoryBufferLen(len(" << arg << "))" << endl
                 << indent() << "defer " << mbTrans << ".Close()" << endl << indent() << "_, "
                 << err1 << " := " << mbTrans << ".WriteString(" << arg << ")" << endl << indent()
                 << "if " << err1 << " != nil {" << endl << indent() << "  Usage()" << endl
                 << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << factory
                 << " := thrift.NewTSimpleJSONProtocolFactory()" << endl << indent() << jsProt
                 << " := " << factory << ".GetProtocol(" << mbTrans << ")" << endl << indent()
                 << "argvalue" << i << " := " << package_name_ << ".New" << tstruct_name << "()"
                 << endl << indent() << err2 << " := argvalue" << i << ".Read(" << jsProt << ")"
                 << endl << indent() << "if " << err2 << " != nil {" << endl << indent()
                 << "  Usage()" << endl << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent() << "}"
                 << endl;
      } else if (the_type2->is_container() || the_type2->is_xception()) {
        string arg(tmp("arg"));
        string mbTrans(tmp("mbTrans"));
        string err1(tmp("err"));
        string factory(tmp("factory"));
        string jsProt(tmp("jsProt"));
        string err2(tmp("err"));
        std::string argName(publicize(args[i]->get_name()));
        f_remote << indent() << arg << " := flag.Arg(" << flagArg << ")" << endl << indent()
                 << mbTrans << " := thrift.NewTMemoryBufferLen(len(" << arg << "))" << endl
                 << indent() << "defer " << mbTrans << ".Close()" << endl << indent() << "_, "
                 << err1 << " := " << mbTrans << ".WriteString(" << arg << ")" << endl << indent()
                 << "if " << err1 << " != nil { " << endl << indent() << "  Usage()" << endl
                 << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << factory
                 << " := thrift.NewTSimpleJSONProtocolFactory()" << endl << indent() << jsProt
                 << " := " << factory << ".GetProtocol(" << mbTrans << ")" << endl << indent()
                 << "containerStruct" << i << " := " << package_name_ << ".New" << argumentsName
                 << "()" << endl << indent() << err2 << " := containerStruct" << i << ".ReadField"
                 << (i + 1) << "(" << jsProt << ")" << endl << indent() << "if " << err2
                 << " != nil {" << endl << indent() << "  Usage()" << endl << indent() << "  return"
                 << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "argvalue" << i
                 << " := containerStruct" << i << "." << argName << endl;
      } else {
        throw("Invalid argument type in generate_service_remote");
      }

      if (the_type->is_typedef()) {
        f_remote << indent() << "value" << i << " := " << package_name_ << "."
                 << publicize(the_type->get_name()) << "(argvalue" << i << ")" << endl;
      } else {
        f_remote << indent() << "value" << i << " := argvalue" << i << endl;
      }
    }

    f_remote << indent() << "fmt.Print(client." << pubName << "(";
    bool argFirst = true;

    for (int i = 0; i < num_args; ++i) {
      if (argFirst) {
        argFirst = false;
      } else {
        f_remote << ", ";
      }

      if (args[i]->get_type()->is_enum()) {
        f_remote << "value" << i;
      } else if (args[i]->get_type()->is_base_type()) {
        t_base_type::t_base e = ((t_base_type*)(args[i]->get_type()))->get_base();

        switch (e) {
        case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
          break;

        case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
        case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
          f_remote << "value" << i;
          break;

        default:
          throw("Invalid base type in generate_service_remote");
        }

        // f_remote << publicize(args[i]->get_name()) << "(strconv.Atoi(flag.Arg(" << flagArg <<
        // ")))";
      } else {
        f_remote << "value" << i;
      }
    }

    f_remote << "))" << endl << indent() << "fmt.Print(\"\\n\")" << endl << indent() << "break"
             << endl;
    indent_down();
  }

  f_remote << indent() << "case \"\":" << endl << indent() << "  Usage()" << endl << indent()
           << "  break" << endl << indent() << "default:" << endl << indent()
           << "  fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, \"Invalid function \", cmd)" << endl << indent() << "}"
           << endl;
  indent_down();
  f_remote << indent() << "}" << endl;
  // Close service file
  f_remote.close();
  format_go_output(f_remote_name);
#ifndef _MSC_VER
  // Make file executable, love that bitwise OR action
  chmod(f_remote_name.c_str(),
        S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR
#ifndef _WIN32
        | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH
#endif
        );
#endif
}

/**
 * Generates a service server definition.
 *
 * @param tservice The service to generate a server for.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_service_server(t_service* tservice) {
  // Generate the dispatch methods
  vector<t_function*> functions = tservice->get_functions();
  vector<t_function*>::iterator f_iter;
  string extends = "";
  string extends_processor = "";
  string extends_processor_new = "";
  string serviceName(publicize(tservice->get_name()));

  if (tservice->get_extends() != NULL) {
    extends = type_name(tservice->get_extends());
    size_t index = extends.rfind(".");

    if (index != string::npos) {
      extends_processor = extends.substr(0, index + 1) + publicize(extends.substr(index + 1))
                          + "Processor";
      extends_processor_new = extends.substr(0, index + 1) + "New"
                              + publicize(extends.substr(index + 1)) + "Processor";
    } else {
      extends_processor = publicize(extends) + "Processor";
      extends_processor_new = "New" + extends_processor;
    }
  }

  string pServiceName(privatize(serviceName));
  // Generate the header portion
  string self(tmp("self"));

  if (extends_processor.empty()) {
    f_service_
        << indent() << "type " << serviceName << "Processor struct {" << endl << indent()
        << "  processorMap map[string]thrift.TProcessorFunction" << endl << indent() << "  handler "
        << serviceName << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl << indent() << "func (p *"
        << serviceName
        << "Processor) AddToProcessorMap(key string, processor thrift.TProcessorFunction) {" << endl
        << indent() << "  p.processorMap[key] = processor" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl
        << endl << indent() << "func (p *" << serviceName
        << "Processor) GetProcessorFunction(key string) (processor thrift.TProcessorFunction, ok "
           "bool) {" << endl << indent() << "  processor, ok = p.processorMap[key]" << endl
        << indent() << "  return processor, ok" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl
        << indent() << "func (p *" << serviceName
        << "Processor) ProcessorMap() map[string]thrift.TProcessorFunction {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return p.processorMap" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl << indent()
        << "func New" << serviceName << "Processor(handler " << serviceName << ") *" << serviceName
        << "Processor {" << endl << endl << indent() << "  " << self << " := &" << serviceName
        << "Processor{handler:handler, processorMap:make(map[string]thrift.TProcessorFunction)}"
        << endl;

    for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
      string escapedFuncName(escape_string((*f_iter)->get_name()));
      f_service_ << indent() << "  " << self << ".processorMap[\"" << escapedFuncName << "\"] = &"
                 << pServiceName << "Processor" << publicize((*f_iter)->get_name())
                 << "{handler:handler}" << endl;
    }

    string x(tmp("x"));
    f_service_ << indent() << "return " << self << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl
               << indent() << "func (p *" << serviceName
               << "Processor) Process(iprot, oprot thrift.TProtocol) (success bool, err "
                  "thrift.TException) {" << endl << indent()
               << "  name, _, seqId, err := iprot.ReadMessageBegin()" << endl << indent()
               << "  if err != nil { return false, err }" << endl << indent()
               << "  if processor, ok := p.GetProcessorFunction(name); ok {" << endl << indent()
               << "    return processor.Process(seqId, iprot, oprot)" << endl << indent() << "  }"
               << endl << indent() << "  iprot.Skip(thrift.STRUCT)" << endl << indent()
               << "  iprot.ReadMessageEnd()" << endl << indent() << "  " << x
               << " := thrift.NewTApplicationException(thrift.UNKNOWN_METHOD, \"Unknown function "
                  "\" + name)" << endl << indent()
               << "  oprot.WriteMessageBegin(name, thrift.EXCEPTION, seqId)" << endl << indent()
               << "  " << x << ".Write(oprot)" << endl << indent() << "  oprot.WriteMessageEnd()"
               << endl << indent() << "  oprot.Flush()" << endl << indent() << "  return false, "
               << x << endl << indent() << "" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
  } else {
    f_service_ << indent() << "type " << serviceName << "Processor struct {" << endl << indent()
               << "  *" << extends_processor << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl << indent()
               << "func New" << serviceName << "Processor(handler " << serviceName << ") *"
               << serviceName << "Processor {" << endl << indent() << "  " << self << " := &"
               << serviceName << "Processor{" << extends_processor_new << "(handler)}" << endl;

    for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
      string escapedFuncName(escape_string((*f_iter)->get_name()));
      f_service_ << indent() << "  " << self << ".AddToProcessorMap(\"" << escapedFuncName
                 << "\", &" << pServiceName << "Processor" << publicize((*f_iter)->get_name())
                 << "{handler:handler})" << endl;
    }

    f_service_ << indent() << "  return " << self << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
  }

  // Generate the process subfunctions
  for (f_iter = functions.begin(); f_iter != functions.end(); ++f_iter) {
    generate_process_function(tservice, *f_iter);
  }

  f_service_ << endl;
}

/**
 * Generates a process function definition.
 *
 * @param tfunction The function to write a dispatcher for
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_process_function(t_service* tservice, t_function* tfunction) {
  // Open function
  string processorName = privatize(tservice->get_name()) + "Processor"
                         + publicize(tfunction->get_name());
  string argsname = publicize(tfunction->get_name() + "_args", true);
  string resultname = publicize(tfunction->get_name() + "_result", true);
  // t_struct* xs = tfunction->get_xceptions();
  // const std::vector<t_field*>& xceptions = xs->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator x_iter;
  f_service_ << indent() << "type " << processorName << " struct {" << endl << indent()
             << "  handler " << publicize(tservice->get_name()) << endl << indent() << "}" << endl
             << endl << indent() << "func (p *" << processorName
             << ") Process(seqId int32, iprot, oprot thrift.TProtocol) (success bool, err "
                "thrift.TException) {" << endl;
  indent_up();
  f_service_ << indent() << "args := " << argsname << "{}" << endl << indent()
             << "if err = args.Read(iprot); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
             << "  iprot.ReadMessageEnd()" << endl;
  if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    f_service_ << indent()
               << "  x := thrift.NewTApplicationException(thrift.PROTOCOL_ERROR, err.Error())"
               << endl << indent() << "  oprot.WriteMessageBegin(\""
               << escape_string(tfunction->get_name()) << "\", thrift.EXCEPTION, seqId)" << endl
               << indent() << "  x.Write(oprot)" << endl << indent() << "  oprot.WriteMessageEnd()"
               << endl << indent() << "  oprot.Flush()" << endl;
  }
  f_service_ << indent() << "  return false, err" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << endl
             << indent() << "iprot.ReadMessageEnd()" << endl;

  if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "result := " << resultname << "{}" << endl;
  }
  bool need_reference = type_need_reference(tfunction->get_returntype());
  if (!tfunction->is_oneway() && !tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
    f_service_ << "var retval " << type_to_go_type(tfunction->get_returntype()) << endl;
  }

  f_service_ << indent() << "var err2 error" << endl << indent() << "if ";

  if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    if (!tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
      f_service_ << "retval, ";
    }
  }

  // Generate the function call
  t_struct* arg_struct = tfunction->get_arglist();
  const std::vector<t_field*>& fields = arg_struct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  f_service_ << "err2 = p.handler." << publicize(tfunction->get_name()) << "(";
  bool first = true;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (first) {
      first = false;
    } else {
      f_service_ << ", ";
    }

    f_service_ << "args." << publicize(variable_name_to_go_name((*f_iter)->get_name()));
  }

  f_service_ << "); err2 != nil {" << endl;

  t_struct* exceptions = tfunction->get_xceptions();
  const vector<t_field*>& x_fields = exceptions->get_members();
  if (!x_fields.empty()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "switch v := err2.(type) {" << endl;

    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator xf_iter;

    for (xf_iter = x_fields.begin(); xf_iter != x_fields.end(); ++xf_iter) {
      f_service_ << indent() << "  case " << type_to_go_type(((*xf_iter)->get_type())) << ":"
                 << endl << indent() << "result."
                 << publicize(variable_name_to_go_name((*xf_iter)->get_name())) << " = v" << endl;
    }

    f_service_ << indent() << "  default:" << endl;
  }

  if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "  x := thrift.NewTApplicationException(thrift.INTERNAL_ERROR, "
                              "\"Internal error processing " << escape_string(tfunction->get_name())
               << ": \" + err2.Error())" << endl << indent() << "  oprot.WriteMessageBegin(\""
               << escape_string(tfunction->get_name()) << "\", thrift.EXCEPTION, seqId)" << endl
               << indent() << "  x.Write(oprot)" << endl << indent() << "  oprot.WriteMessageEnd()"
               << endl << indent() << "  oprot.Flush()" << endl;
  }

  f_service_ << indent() << "  return true, err2" << endl;

  if (!x_fields.empty()) {
    f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl;
  }

  f_service_ << indent() << "}"; // closes err2 != nil

  if (!tfunction->is_oneway()) {
    if (!tfunction->get_returntype()->is_void()) {
      f_service_ << " else {" << endl; // make sure we set Success retval only on success
      indent_up();
      f_service_ << indent() << "result.Success = ";
      if (need_reference) {
        f_service_ << "&";
      }
      f_service_ << "retval" << endl;
      indent_down();
      f_service_ << "}" << endl;
    } else {
      f_service_ << endl;
    }
    f_service_ << indent() << "if err2 = oprot.WriteMessageBegin(\""
               << escape_string(tfunction->get_name()) << "\", thrift.REPLY, seqId); err2 != nil {"
               << endl << indent() << "  err = err2" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
               << "if err2 = result.Write(oprot); err == nil && err2 != nil {" << endl << indent()
               << "  err = err2" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
               << "if err2 = oprot.WriteMessageEnd(); err == nil && err2 != nil {" << endl
               << indent() << "  err = err2" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
               << "if err2 = oprot.Flush(); err == nil && err2 != nil {" << endl << indent()
               << "  err = err2" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent() << "if err != nil {"
               << endl << indent() << "  return" << endl << indent() << "}" << endl << indent()
               << "return true, err" << endl;
  } else {
    f_service_ << endl << indent() << "return true, nil" << endl;
  }
  indent_down();
  f_service_ << indent() << "}" << endl << endl;
}

/**
 * Deserializes a field of any type.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_deserialize_field(ofstream& out,
                                                t_field* tfield,
                                                bool declare,
                                                string prefix,
                                                bool inclass,
                                                bool coerceData,
                                                bool inkey,
                                                bool in_container_value) {
  (void)inclass;
  (void)coerceData;
  t_type* orig_type = tfield->get_type();
  t_type* type = get_true_type(orig_type);
  string name(prefix + publicize(variable_name_to_go_name(tfield->get_name())));

  if (type->is_void()) {
    throw "CANNOT GENERATE DESERIALIZE CODE FOR void TYPE: " + name;
  }

  if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    generate_deserialize_struct(out,
                                (t_struct*)type,
                                is_pointer_field(tfield, in_container_value),
                                declare,
                                name);
  } else if (type->is_container()) {
    generate_deserialize_container(out, orig_type, is_pointer_field(tfield), declare, name);
  } else if (type->is_base_type() || type->is_enum()) {

    if (declare) {
      string type_name = inkey ? type_to_go_key_type(tfield->get_type())
                               : type_to_go_type(tfield->get_type());
      out << "var " << tfield->get_name() << " " << type_name << endl;
    }

    indent(out) << "if v, err := iprot.";

    if (type->is_base_type()) {
      t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();

      switch (tbase) {
      case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
        throw "compiler error: cannot serialize void field in a struct: " + name;
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
        if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary() && !inkey) {
          out << "ReadBinary()";
        } else {
          out << "ReadString()";
        }

        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
        out << "ReadBool()";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
        out << "ReadByte()";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
        out << "ReadI16()";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
        out << "ReadI32()";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
        out << "ReadI64()";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
        out << "ReadDouble()";
        break;

      default:
        throw "compiler error: no Go name for base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase);
      }
    } else if (type->is_enum()) {
      out << "ReadI32()";
    }

    out << "; err != nil {" << endl << indent() << "return thrift.PrependError(\"error reading field "
        << tfield->get_key() << ": \", err)" << endl;

    out << "} else {" << endl;
    string wrap;

    if (type->is_enum() || orig_type->is_typedef()) {
      wrap = publicize(type_name(orig_type));
    } else if (((t_base_type*)type)->get_base() == t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE) {
      wrap = "int8";
    }

    string maybe_address = (is_pointer_field(tfield) ? "&" : "");
    if (wrap == "") {
      indent(out) << name << " = " << maybe_address << "v" << endl;
    } else {
      indent(out) << "temp := " << wrap << "(v)" << endl;
      indent(out) << name << " = " << maybe_address << "temp" << endl;
    }

    out << "}" << endl;
  } else {
    throw "INVALID TYPE IN generate_deserialize_field '" + type->get_name() + "' for field '"
        + tfield->get_name() + "'";
  }
}

/**
 * Generates an unserializer for a struct, calling read()
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_deserialize_struct(ofstream& out,
                                                 t_struct* tstruct,
                                                 bool pointer_field,
                                                 bool declare,
                                                 string prefix) {
  string eq(declare ? " := " : " = ");

  out << indent() << prefix << eq << (pointer_field ? "&" : "");
  generate_go_struct_initializer(out, tstruct);
  out << indent() << "if err := " << prefix << ".Read(iprot); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "  return thrift.PrependError(fmt.Sprintf(\"%T error reading struct: \", " << prefix << "), err)" << endl
      << indent() << "}" << endl;
}

/**
 * Serialize a container by writing out the header followed by
 * data and then a footer.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_deserialize_container(ofstream& out,
                                                    t_type* orig_type,
                                                    bool pointer_field,
                                                    bool declare,
                                                    string prefix) {
  t_type* ttype = get_true_type(orig_type);
  string eq(" = ");

  if (declare) {
    eq = " := ";
  }

  // Declare variables, read header
  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    out << indent() << "_, _, size, err := iprot.ReadMapBegin()" << endl << indent()
        << "if err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error reading map begin: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl << indent() << "tMap := make(" << type_to_go_type(orig_type) << ", size)" << endl
        << indent() << prefix << eq << " " << (pointer_field ? "&" : "") << "tMap" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    t_set* t = (t_set*)ttype;
    out << indent() << "_, size, err := iprot.ReadSetBegin()" << endl << indent()
        << "if err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error reading set begin: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl << indent() << "tSet := make(map["
        << type_to_go_key_type(t->get_elem_type()->get_true_type()) << "]bool, size)" << endl
        << indent() << prefix << eq << " " << (pointer_field ? "&" : "") << "tSet" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    out << indent() << "_, size, err := iprot.ReadListBegin()" << endl << indent()
        << "if err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error reading list begin: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl << indent() << "tSlice := make(" << type_to_go_type(orig_type) << ", 0, size)"
        << endl << indent() << prefix << eq << " " << (pointer_field ? "&" : "") << "tSlice"
        << endl;
  } else {
    throw "INVALID TYPE IN generate_deserialize_container '" + ttype->get_name() + "' for prefix '"
        + prefix + "'";
  }

  // For loop iterates over elements
  out << indent() << "for i := 0; i < size; i ++ {" << endl;
  indent_up();

  if (pointer_field) {
    prefix = "(*" + prefix + ")";
  }
  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    generate_deserialize_map_element(out, (t_map*)ttype, declare, prefix);
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    generate_deserialize_set_element(out, (t_set*)ttype, declare, prefix);
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    generate_deserialize_list_element(out, (t_list*)ttype, declare, prefix);
  }

  indent_down();
  out << indent() << "}" << endl;

  // Read container end
  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    out << indent() << "if err := iprot.ReadMapEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error reading map end: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    out << indent() << "if err := iprot.ReadSetEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error reading set end: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    out << indent() << "if err := iprot.ReadListEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error reading list end: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl;
  }
}

/**
 * Generates code to deserialize a map
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_deserialize_map_element(ofstream& out,
                                                      t_map* tmap,
                                                      bool declare,
                                                      string prefix) {
  (void)declare;
  string key = tmp("_key");
  string val = tmp("_val");
  t_field fkey(tmap->get_key_type(), key);
  t_field fval(tmap->get_val_type(), val);
  fkey.set_req(t_field::T_OPT_IN_REQ_OUT);
  fval.set_req(t_field::T_OPT_IN_REQ_OUT);
  generate_deserialize_field(out, &fkey, true, "", false, false, true);
  generate_deserialize_field(out, &fval, true, "", false, false, false, true);
  indent(out) << prefix << "[" << key << "] = " << val << endl;
}

/**
 * Write a set element
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_deserialize_set_element(ofstream& out,
                                                      t_set* tset,
                                                      bool declare,
                                                      string prefix) {
  (void)declare;
  string elem = tmp("_elem");
  t_field felem(tset->get_elem_type(), elem);
  felem.set_req(t_field::T_OPT_IN_REQ_OUT);
  generate_deserialize_field(out, &felem, true, "");
  indent(out) << prefix << "[" << elem << "] = true" << endl;
}

/**
 * Write a list element
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_deserialize_list_element(ofstream& out,
                                                       t_list* tlist,
                                                       bool declare,
                                                       string prefix) {
  (void)declare;
  string elem = tmp("_elem");
  t_field felem(((t_list*)tlist)->get_elem_type(), elem);
  felem.set_req(t_field::T_OPT_IN_REQ_OUT);
  generate_deserialize_field(out, &felem, true, "", false, false, false, true);
  indent(out) << prefix << " = append(" << prefix << ", " << elem << ")" << endl;
}

/**
 * Serializes a field of any type.
 *
 * @param tfield The field to serialize
 * @param prefix Name to prepend to field name
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_serialize_field(ofstream& out,
                                              t_field* tfield,
                                              string prefix,
                                              bool inkey) {
  t_type* type = get_true_type(tfield->get_type());
  string name(prefix + publicize(variable_name_to_go_name(tfield->get_name())));

  // Do nothing for void types
  if (type->is_void()) {
    throw "compiler error: cannot generate serialize for void type: " + name;
  }

  if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    generate_serialize_struct(out, (t_struct*)type, name);
  } else if (type->is_container()) {
    generate_serialize_container(out, type, is_pointer_field(tfield), name);
  } else if (type->is_base_type() || type->is_enum()) {
    indent(out) << "if err := oprot.";

    if (is_pointer_field(tfield)) {
      name = "*" + name;
    }

    if (type->is_base_type()) {
      t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();

      switch (tbase) {
      case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
        throw "compiler error: cannot serialize void field in a struct: " + name;
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
        if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary() && !inkey) {
          out << "WriteBinary(" << name << ")";
        } else {
          out << "WriteString(string(" << name << "))";
        }

        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
        out << "WriteBool(bool(" << name << "))";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
        out << "WriteByte(byte(" << name << "))";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
        out << "WriteI16(int16(" << name << "))";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
        out << "WriteI32(int32(" << name << "))";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
        out << "WriteI64(int64(" << name << "))";
        break;

      case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
        out << "WriteDouble(float64(" << name << "))";
        break;

      default:
        throw "compiler error: no Go name for base type " + t_base_type::t_base_name(tbase);
      }
    } else if (type->is_enum()) {
      out << "WriteI32(int32(" << name << "))";
    }

    out << "; err != nil {" << endl << indent() << "return thrift.PrependError(fmt.Sprintf(\"%T."
        << escape_string(tfield->get_name()) << " (" << tfield->get_key()
        << ") field write error: \", p), err) }" << endl;
  } else {
    throw "compiler error: Invalid type in generate_serialize_field '" + type->get_name()
        + "' for field '" + name + "'";
  }
}

/**
 * Serializes all the members of a struct.
 *
 * @param tstruct The struct to serialize
 * @param prefix  String prefix to attach to all fields
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_serialize_struct(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct, string prefix) {
  (void)tstruct;
  out << indent() << "if err := " << prefix << ".Write(oprot); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
      << "  return thrift.PrependError(fmt.Sprintf(\"%T error writing struct: \", " << prefix << "), err)" << endl
      << indent() << "}" << endl;
}

void t_go_generator::generate_serialize_container(ofstream& out,
                                                  t_type* ttype,
                                                  bool pointer_field,
                                                  string prefix) {
  if (pointer_field) {
    prefix = "*" + prefix;
  }
  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteMapBegin("
        << type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_key_type()) << ", "
        << type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_val_type()) << ", "
        << "len(" << prefix << ")); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error writing map begin: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteSetBegin("
        << type_to_enum(((t_set*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << ", "
        << "len(" << prefix << ")); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error writing set begin: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteListBegin("
        << type_to_enum(((t_list*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) << ", "
        << "len(" << prefix << ")); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error writing list begin: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl;
  } else {
    throw "compiler error: Invalid type in generate_serialize_container '" + ttype->get_name()
        + "' for prefix '" + prefix + "'";
  }

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    t_map* tmap = (t_map*)ttype;
    out << indent() << "for k, v := range " << prefix << " {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    generate_serialize_map_element(out, tmap, "k", "v");
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    t_set* tset = (t_set*)ttype;
    out << indent() << "for v, _ := range " << prefix << " {" << endl;
    indent_up();
    generate_serialize_set_element(out, tset, "v");
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    t_list* tlist = (t_list*)ttype;
    out << indent() << "for _, v := range " << prefix << " {" << endl;

    indent_up();
    generate_serialize_list_element(out, tlist, "v");
    indent_down();
    indent(out) << "}" << endl;
  }

  if (ttype->is_map()) {
    out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteMapEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error writing map end: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteSetEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error writing set end: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl;
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    out << indent() << "if err := oprot.WriteListEnd(); err != nil {" << endl << indent()
        << "  return thrift.PrependError(\"error writing list end: \", err)" << endl << indent() << "}"
        << endl;
  }
}

/**
 * Serializes the members of a map.
 *
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_serialize_map_element(ofstream& out,
                                                    t_map* tmap,
                                                    string kiter,
                                                    string viter) {
  t_field kfield(tmap->get_key_type(), "");
  t_field vfield(tmap->get_val_type(), "");
  kfield.set_req(t_field::T_OPT_IN_REQ_OUT);
  vfield.set_req(t_field::T_OPT_IN_REQ_OUT);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &kfield, kiter, true);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &vfield, viter);
}

/**
 * Serializes the members of a set.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_serialize_set_element(ofstream& out, t_set* tset, string prefix) {
  t_field efield(tset->get_elem_type(), "");
  efield.set_req(t_field::T_OPT_IN_REQ_OUT);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &efield, prefix);
}

/**
 * Serializes the members of a list.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_serialize_list_element(ofstream& out, t_list* tlist, string prefix) {
  t_field efield(tlist->get_elem_type(), "");
  efield.set_req(t_field::T_OPT_IN_REQ_OUT);
  generate_serialize_field(out, &efield, prefix);
}

/**
 * Generates the docstring for a given struct.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_go_docstring(ofstream& out, t_struct* tstruct) {
  generate_go_docstring(out, tstruct, tstruct, "Attributes");
}

/**
 * Generates the docstring for a given function.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_go_docstring(ofstream& out, t_function* tfunction) {
  generate_go_docstring(out, tfunction, tfunction->get_arglist(), "Parameters");
}

/**
 * Generates the docstring for a struct or function.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_go_docstring(ofstream& out,
                                           t_doc* tdoc,
                                           t_struct* tstruct,
                                           const char* subheader) {
  bool has_doc = false;
  stringstream ss;

  if (tdoc->has_doc()) {
    has_doc = true;
    ss << tdoc->get_doc();
  }

  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();

  if (fields.size() > 0) {
    if (has_doc) {
      ss << endl;
    }

    has_doc = true;
    ss << subheader << ":\n";
    vector<t_field*>::const_iterator p_iter;

    for (p_iter = fields.begin(); p_iter != fields.end(); ++p_iter) {
      t_field* p = *p_iter;
      ss << " - " << publicize(variable_name_to_go_name(p->get_name()));

      if (p->has_doc()) {
        ss << ": " << p->get_doc();
      } else {
        ss << endl;
      }
    }
  }

  if (has_doc) {
    generate_docstring_comment(out, "", "// ", ss.str(), "");
  }
}

/**
 * Generates the docstring for a generic object.
 */
void t_go_generator::generate_go_docstring(ofstream& out, t_doc* tdoc) {
  if (tdoc->has_doc()) {
    generate_docstring_comment(out, "", "//", tdoc->get_doc(), "");
  }
}

/**
 * Declares an argument, which may include initialization as necessary.
 *
 * @param tfield The field
 */
string t_go_generator::declare_argument(t_field* tfield) {
  std::ostringstream result;
  result << publicize(tfield->get_name()) << "=";

  if (tfield->get_value() != NULL) {
    result << "thrift_spec[" << tfield->get_key() << "][4]";
  } else {
    result << "nil";
  }

  return result.str();
}

/**
 * Renders a struct field initial value.
 *
 * @param tfield The field, which must have `tfield->get_value() != NULL`
 */
string t_go_generator::render_field_initial_value(t_field* tfield,
                                                  const string& name,
                                                  bool optional_field) {
  t_type* type = get_true_type(tfield->get_type());

  if (optional_field) {
    // The caller will make a second pass for optional fields,
    // assigning the result of render_const_value to "*field_name". It
    // is maddening that Go syntax does not allow for a type-agnostic
    // way to initialize a pointer to a const value, but so it goes.
    // The alternative would be to write type specific functions that
    // convert from const values to pointer types, but given the lack
    // of overloading it would be messy.
    return "new(" + type_to_go_type(tfield->get_type()) + ")";
  } else {
    return render_const_value(type, tfield->get_value(), name);
  }
}

/**
 * Renders a function signature of the form 'type name(args)'
 *
 * @param tfunction Function definition
 * @return String of rendered function definition
 */
string t_go_generator::function_signature(t_function* tfunction, string prefix) {
  // TODO(mcslee): Nitpicky, no ',' if argument_list is empty
  return publicize(prefix + tfunction->get_name()) + "(" + argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist())
         + ")";
}

/**
 * Renders an interface function signature of the form 'type name(args)'
 *
 * @param tfunction Function definition
 * @return String of rendered function definition
 */
string t_go_generator::function_signature_if(t_function* tfunction, string prefix, bool addError) {
  // TODO(mcslee): Nitpicky, no ',' if argument_list is empty
  string signature = publicize(prefix + tfunction->get_name()) + "(";
  signature += argument_list(tfunction->get_arglist()) + ") (";
  t_type* ret = tfunction->get_returntype();
  t_struct* exceptions = tfunction->get_xceptions();
  string errs = argument_list(exceptions);

  if (!ret->is_void()) {
    signature += "r " + type_to_go_type(ret);

    if (addError || errs.size() == 0) {
      signature += ", ";
    }
  }

  if (addError) {
    signature += "err error";
  }

  signature += ")";
  return signature;
}

/**
 * Renders a field list
 */
string t_go_generator::argument_list(t_struct* tstruct) {
  string result = "";
  const vector<t_field*>& fields = tstruct->get_members();
  vector<t_field*>::const_iterator f_iter;
  bool first = true;

  for (f_iter = fields.begin(); f_iter != fields.end(); ++f_iter) {
    if (first) {
      first = false;
    } else {
      result += ", ";
    }

    result += variable_name_to_go_name((*f_iter)->get_name()) + " "
              + type_to_go_type((*f_iter)->get_type());
  }

  return result;
}

string t_go_generator::type_name(t_type* ttype) {
  t_program* program = ttype->get_program();

  if (program != NULL && program != program_) {
    string module(get_real_go_module(program));
    // for namespaced includes, only keep part after dot.
    size_t dot = module.rfind('.');
    if (dot != string::npos) {
      module = module.substr(dot + 1);
    }
    return module + "." + ttype->get_name();
  }

  return ttype->get_name();
}

/**
 * Converts the parse type to a go tyoe
 */
string t_go_generator::type_to_enum(t_type* type) {
  type = get_true_type(type);

  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();

    switch (tbase) {
    case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
      throw "NO T_VOID CONSTRUCT";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
      /* this is wrong, binary is still a string type internally
      if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary()) {
          return "thrift.BINARY";
      }
      */
      return "thrift.STRING";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
      return "thrift.BOOL";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
      return "thrift.BYTE";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
      return "thrift.I16";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
      return "thrift.I32";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
      return "thrift.I64";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
      return "thrift.DOUBLE";
    }
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    return "thrift.I32";
  } else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    return "thrift.STRUCT";
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    return "thrift.MAP";
  } else if (type->is_set()) {
    return "thrift.SET";
  } else if (type->is_list()) {
    return "thrift.LIST";
  }

  throw "INVALID TYPE IN type_to_enum: " + type->get_name();
}

/**
 * Converts the parse type to a go map type, will throw an exception if it will
 * not produce a valid go map type.
 */
string t_go_generator::type_to_go_key_type(t_type* type) {
  t_type* resolved_type = type;

  while (resolved_type->is_typedef()) {
    resolved_type = ((t_typedef*)resolved_type)->get_type()->get_true_type();
  }

  if (resolved_type->is_map() || resolved_type->is_list() || resolved_type->is_set()) {
    throw "Cannot produce a valid type for a Go map key: " + type_to_go_type(type) + " - aborting.";
  }

  if (resolved_type->is_string() && ((t_base_type*)resolved_type)->is_binary())
    return "string";

  return type_to_go_type(type, true);
}

/**
 * Converts the parse type to a go type
 */
string t_go_generator::type_to_go_type(t_type* type, bool is_container_value) {
  return type_to_go_type_with_opt(type, false, is_container_value);
}

/**
 * Converts the parse type to a go type, taking into account whether the field
 * associated with the type is T_OPTIONAL.
 */
string t_go_generator::type_to_go_type_with_opt(t_type* type,
                                                bool optional_field,
                                                bool is_container_value) {
  (void)is_container_value;
  string maybe_pointer(optional_field ? "*" : "");
  if (type->is_base_type()) {
    t_base_type::t_base tbase = ((t_base_type*)type)->get_base();

    switch (tbase) {
    case t_base_type::TYPE_VOID:
      throw "";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_STRING:
      if (((t_base_type*)type)->is_binary()) {
        return maybe_pointer + "[]byte";
      }

      return maybe_pointer + "string";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_BOOL:
      return maybe_pointer + "bool";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_BYTE:
      return maybe_pointer + "int8";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_I16:
      return maybe_pointer + "int16";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_I32:
      return maybe_pointer + "int32";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_I64:
      return maybe_pointer + "int64";

    case t_base_type::TYPE_DOUBLE:
      return maybe_pointer + "float64";
    }
  } else if (type->is_enum()) {
    return maybe_pointer + publicize(type_name(type));
  } else if (type->is_struct() || type->is_xception()) {
    return "*" + publicize(type_name(type));
  } else if (type->is_map()) {
    t_map* t = (t_map*)type;
    string keyType = type_to_go_key_type(t->get_key_type());
    string valueType = type_to_go_type(t->get_val_type(), true);
    return maybe_pointer + string("map[") + keyType + "]" + valueType;
  } else if (type->is_set()) {
    t_set* t = (t_set*)type;
    string elemType = type_to_go_key_type(t->get_elem_type()->get_true_type());
    return maybe_pointer + string("map[") + elemType + string("]bool");
  } else if (type->is_list()) {
    t_list* t = (t_list*)type;
    string elemType = type_to_go_type(t->get_elem_type()->get_true_type(), true);
    return maybe_pointer + string("[]") + elemType;
  } else if (type->is_typedef()) {
    return maybe_pointer + publicize(type_name(type));
  }

  throw "INVALID TYPE IN type_to_go_type: " + type->get_name();
}

/** See the comment inside generate_go_struct_definition for what this is. */
string t_go_generator::type_to_spec_args(t_type* ttype) {
  while (ttype->is_typedef()) {
    ttype = ((t_typedef*)ttype)->get_type();
  }

  if (ttype->is_base_type() || ttype->is_enum()) {
    return "nil";
  } else if (ttype->is_struct() || ttype->is_xception()) {
    return "(" + type_name(ttype) + ", " + type_name(ttype) + ".thrift_spec)";
  } else if (ttype->is_map()) {
    return "(" + type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_key_type()) + ","
           + type_to_spec_args(((t_map*)ttype)->get_key_type()) + ","
           + type_to_enum(((t_map*)ttype)->get_val_type()) + ","
           + type_to_spec_args(((t_map*)ttype)->get_val_type()) + ")";
  } else if (ttype->is_set()) {
    return "(" + type_to_enum(((t_set*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) + ","
           + type_to_spec_args(((t_set*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) + ")";
  } else if (ttype->is_list()) {
    return "(" + type_to_enum(((t_list*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) + ","
           + type_to_spec_args(((t_list*)ttype)->get_elem_type()) + ")";
  }

  throw "INVALID TYPE IN type_to_spec_args: " + ttype->get_name();
}

bool format_go_output(const string& file_path) {
  const string command = "gofmt -w " + file_path;

  if (system(command.c_str()) == 0) {
    return true;
  }

  fprintf(stderr, "WARNING - Running '%s' failed.\n", command.c_str());
  return false;
}

THRIFT_REGISTER_GENERATOR(go, "Go",
                          "    package_prefix=  Package prefix for generated files.\n" \
                          "    thrift_import=   Override thrift package import path (default:" + default_thrift_import + ")\n" \
                          "    package=         Package name (default: inferred from thrift file name)\n")