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-<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>systemd-system.conf</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><style>
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- <span style="float:right">systemd 221</span><hr><div class="refentry"><a name="systemd-system.conf"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>systemd-system.conf, system.conf.d, systemd-user.conf, user.conf.d — System and session service manager configuration files</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><p><code class="filename">/etc/systemd/system.conf</code></p><p><code class="filename">/etc/systemd/system.conf.d/*.conf</code></p><p><code class="filename">/run/systemd/system.conf.d/*.conf</code></p><p><code class="filename">/usr/lib/systemd/system.conf.d/*.conf</code></p><p><code class="filename">/etc/systemd/user.conf</code></p><p><code class="filename">/etc/systemd/user.conf.d/*.conf</code></p><p><code class="filename">/run/systemd/user.conf.d/*.conf</code></p><p><code class="filename">/usr/lib/systemd/user.conf.d/*.conf</code></p></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="idm47711077146448"></a><h2 id="Description">Description<a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this headline" href="#Description">¶</a></h2><p>When run as a system instance, systemd interprets the
- configuration file <code class="filename">system.conf</code> and the files
- in <code class="filename">system.conf.d</code> directories; when run as a
- user instance, systemd interprets the configuration file
- <code class="filename">user.conf</code> and the files in
- <code class="filename">user.conf.d</code> directories. These configuration
- files contain a few settings controlling basic manager
- operations.</p></div><div class="refsection"><a name="main-conf"></a><h2>Configuration Directories and Precedence</h2><p>Default configuration is defined during compilation, so a
- configuration file is only needed when it is necessary to deviate
- from those defaults. By default the configuration file in
- <code class="filename">/etc/systemd/</code> contains commented out entries
- showing the defaults as a guide to the administrator. This file
- can be edited to create local overrides.
- </p><p>When packages need to customize the configuration, they can
- install configuration snippets in
- <code class="filename">/usr/lib/systemd/*.conf.d/</code>. Files in
- <code class="filename">/etc/</code> are reserved for the local
- administrator, who may use this logic to override the
- configuration files installed by vendor packages. The main
- configuration file is read before any of the configuration
- directories, and has the lowest precedence; entries in a file in
- any configuration directory override entries in the single
- configuration file. Files in the
- <code class="filename">*.conf.d/</code> configuration subdirectories
- are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of
- which of the subdirectories they reside in. If multiple files
- specify the same option, the entry in the file with the
- lexicographically latest name takes precedence. It is recommended
- to prefix all filenames in those subdirectories with a two-digit
- number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.</p><p>To disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
- recommended way is to place a symlink to
- <code class="filename">/dev/null</code> in the configuration directory in
- <code class="filename">/etc/</code>, with the same filename as the vendor
- configuration file.</p></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="idm47711077141824"></a><h2 id="Options">Options<a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this headline" href="#Options">¶</a></h2><p>All options are configured in the
- "<code class="literal">[Manager]</code>" section:</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt id="LogLevel="><span class="term"><code class="varname">LogLevel=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">LogTarget=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">LogColor=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">LogLocation=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DumpCore=yes</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">CrashShell=no</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">ShowStatus=yes</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">CrashChVT=1</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultStandardOutput=journal</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultStandardError=inherit</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#LogLevel=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Configures various parameters of basic manager
- operation. These options may be overridden by the respective
- command line arguments. See
- <a href="systemd.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd</span>(1)</span></a>
- for details about these command line
- arguments.</p></dd><dt id="CPUAffinity="><span class="term"><code class="varname">CPUAffinity=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#CPUAffinity=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Configures the initial CPU affinity for the
- init process. Takes a space-separated list of CPU
- indices.</p></dd><dt id="JoinControllers=cpu,cpuacct net_cls,netprio"><span class="term"><code class="varname">JoinControllers=cpu,cpuacct net_cls,netprio</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#JoinControllers=cpu,cpuacct%20net_cls,netprio">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Configures controllers that shall be mounted
- in a single hierarchy. By default, systemd will mount all
- controllers which are enabled in the kernel in individual
- hierarchies, with the exception of those listed in this
- setting. Takes a space-separated list of comma-separated
- controller names, in order to allow multiple joined
- hierarchies. Defaults to 'cpu,cpuacct'. Pass an empty string
- to ensure that systemd mounts all controllers in separate
- hierarchies.</p><p>Note that this option is only applied once, at very
- early boot. If you use an initial RAM disk (initrd) that uses
- systemd, it might hence be necessary to rebuild the initrd if
- this option is changed, and make sure the new configuration
- file is included in it. Otherwise, the initrd might mount the
- controller hierarchies in a different configuration than
- intended, and the main system cannot remount them
- anymore.</p></dd><dt id="RuntimeWatchdogSec="><span class="term"><code class="varname">RuntimeWatchdogSec=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">ShutdownWatchdogSec=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#RuntimeWatchdogSec=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Configure the hardware watchdog at runtime and
- at reboot. Takes a timeout value in seconds (or in other time
- units if suffixed with "<code class="literal">ms</code>",
- "<code class="literal">min</code>", "<code class="literal">h</code>",
- "<code class="literal">d</code>", "<code class="literal">w</code>"). If
- <code class="varname">RuntimeWatchdogSec=</code> is set to a non-zero
- value, the watchdog hardware
- (<code class="filename">/dev/watchdog</code>) will be programmed to
- automatically reboot the system if it is not contacted within
- the specified timeout interval. The system manager will ensure
- to contact it at least once in half the specified timeout
- interval. This feature requires a hardware watchdog device to
- be present, as it is commonly the case in embedded and server
- systems. Not all hardware watchdogs allow configuration of the
- reboot timeout, in which case the closest available timeout is
- picked. <code class="varname">ShutdownWatchdogSec=</code> may be used to
- configure the hardware watchdog when the system is asked to
- reboot. It works as a safety net to ensure that the reboot
- takes place even if a clean reboot attempt times out. By
- default <code class="varname">RuntimeWatchdogSec=</code> defaults to 0
- (off), and <code class="varname">ShutdownWatchdogSec=</code> to 10min.
- These settings have no effect if a hardware watchdog is not
- available.</p></dd><dt id="CapabilityBoundingSet="><span class="term"><code class="varname">CapabilityBoundingSet=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#CapabilityBoundingSet=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Controls which capabilities to include in the
- capability bounding set for PID 1 and its children. See
- <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">capabilities</span>(7)</span></a>
- for details. Takes a whitespace-separated list of capability
- names as read by
- <a href="https://www.mankier.com/3/cap_from_name"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">cap_from_name</span>(3)</span></a>.
- Capabilities listed will be included in the bounding set, all
- others are removed. If the list of capabilities is prefixed
- with ~, all but the listed capabilities will be included, the
- effect of the assignment inverted. Note that this option also
- affects the respective capabilities in the effective,
- permitted and inheritable capability sets. The capability
- bounding set may also be individually configured for units
- using the <code class="varname">CapabilityBoundingSet=</code> directive
- for units, but note that capabilities dropped for PID 1 cannot
- be regained in individual units, they are lost for
- good.</p></dd><dt id="SystemCallArchitectures="><span class="term"><code class="varname">SystemCallArchitectures=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#SystemCallArchitectures=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Takes a space-separated list of architecture
- identifiers. Selects from which architectures system calls may
- be invoked on this system. This may be used as an effective
- way to disable invocation of non-native binaries system-wide,
- for example to prohibit execution of 32-bit x86 binaries on
- 64-bit x86-64 systems. This option operates system-wide, and
- acts similar to the
- <code class="varname">SystemCallArchitectures=</code> setting of unit
- files, see
- <a href="systemd.exec.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd.exec</span>(5)</span></a>
- for details. This setting defaults to the empty list, in which
- case no filtering of system calls based on architecture is
- applied. Known architecture identifiers are
- "<code class="literal">x86</code>", "<code class="literal">x86-64</code>",
- "<code class="literal">x32</code>", "<code class="literal">arm</code>" and the special
- identifier "<code class="literal">native</code>". The latter implicitly
- maps to the native architecture of the system (or more
- specifically, the architecture the system manager was compiled
- for). Set this setting to "<code class="literal">native</code>" to
- prohibit execution of any non-native binaries. When a binary
- executes a system call of an architecture that is not listed
- in this setting, it will be immediately terminated with the
- SIGSYS signal.</p></dd><dt id="TimerSlackNSec="><span class="term"><code class="varname">TimerSlackNSec=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#TimerSlackNSec=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Sets the timer slack in nanoseconds for PID 1,
- which is inherited by all executed processes, unless
- overridden individually, for example with the
- <code class="varname">TimerSlackNSec=</code> setting in service units
- (for details see
- <a href="systemd.exec.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd.exec</span>(5)</span></a>).
- The timer slack controls the accuracy of wake-ups triggered by
- system timers. See
- <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/prctl.2.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">prctl</span>(2)</span></a>
- for more information. Note that in contrast to most other time
- span definitions this parameter takes an integer value in
- nano-seconds if no unit is specified. The usual time units are
- understood too.</p></dd><dt id="DefaultTimerAccuracySec="><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultTimerAccuracySec=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#DefaultTimerAccuracySec=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Sets the default accuracy of timer units. This
- controls the global default for the
- <code class="varname">AccuracySec=</code> setting of timer units, see
- <a href="systemd.timer.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd.timer</span>(5)</span></a>
- for details. <code class="varname">AccuracySec=</code> set in individual
- units override the global default for the specific unit.
- Defaults to 1min. Note that the accuracy of timer units is
- also affected by the configured timer slack for PID 1, see
- <code class="varname">TimerSlackNSec=</code> above.</p></dd><dt id="DefaultTimeoutStartSec="><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultTimeoutStopSec=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultRestartSec=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#DefaultTimeoutStartSec=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Configures the default timeouts for starting
- and stopping of units, as well as the default time to sleep
- between automatic restarts of units, as configured per-unit in
- <code class="varname">TimeoutStartSec=</code>,
- <code class="varname">TimeoutStopSec=</code> and
- <code class="varname">RestartSec=</code> (for services, see
- <a href="systemd.service.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd.service</span>(5)</span></a>
- for details on the per-unit settings). For non-service units,
- <code class="varname">DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</code> sets the default
- <code class="varname">TimeoutSec=</code>
- value. <code class="varname">DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</code> and
- <code class="varname">DefaultTimeoutStopSec=</code> default to
- 90s. <code class="varname">DefaultRestartSec=</code> defaults to
- 100ms.</p></dd><dt id="DefaultStartLimitInterval="><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultStartLimitInterval=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultStartLimitBurst=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#DefaultStartLimitInterval=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Configure the default unit start rate
- limiting, as configured per-service by
- <code class="varname">StartLimitInterval=</code> and
- <code class="varname">StartLimitBurst=</code>. See
- <a href="systemd.service.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd.service</span>(5)</span></a>
- for details on the per-service settings.
- <code class="varname">DefaultStartLimitInterval=</code> defaults to
- 10s. <code class="varname">DefaultStartLimitBurst=</code> defaults to
- 5.</p></dd><dt id="DefaultEnvironment="><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultEnvironment=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#DefaultEnvironment=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Sets manager environment variables passed to
- all executed processes. Takes a space-separated list of
- variable assignments. See
- <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/environ.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">environ</span>(7)</span></a>
- for details about environment variables.</p><p>Example:
-
- </p><pre class="programlisting">DefaultEnvironment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3 "VAR3=word 5 6"</pre><p>
-
- Sets three variables
- "<code class="literal">VAR1</code>",
- "<code class="literal">VAR2</code>",
- "<code class="literal">VAR3</code>".</p></dd><dt id="DefaultCPUAccounting="><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultCPUAccounting=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultBlockIOAccounting=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultMemoryAccounting=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#DefaultCPUAccounting=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>Configure the default resource accounting
- settings, as configured per-unit by
- <code class="varname">CPUAccounting=</code>,
- <code class="varname">BlockIOAccounting=</code> and
- <code class="varname">MemoryAccounting=</code>. See
- <a href="systemd.resource-control.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd.resource-control</span>(5)</span></a>
- for details on the per-unit settings.</p></dd><dt id="DefaultLimitCPU="><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitCPU=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitFSIZE=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitDATA=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitSTACK=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitCORE=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitRSS=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitNOFILE=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitAS=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitNPROC=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitMEMLOCK=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitLOCKS=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitSIGPENDING=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitNICE=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitRTPRIO=</code>, </span><span class="term"><code class="varname">DefaultLimitRTTIME=</code></span><a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this term" href="#DefaultLimitCPU=">¶</a></dt><dd><p>These settings control various default
- resource limits for units. See
- <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setrlimit.2.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">setrlimit</span>(2)</span></a>
- for details. Use the string <code class="varname">infinity</code> to
- configure no limit on a specific resource. These settings may
- be overridden in individual units using the corresponding
- LimitXXX= directives. Note that these resource limits are only
- defaults for units, they are not applied to PID 1
- itself.</p></dd></dl></div></div><div class="refsect1"><a name="idm47711077068224"></a><h2 id="See Also">See Also<a class="headerlink" title="Permalink to this headline" href="#See%20Also">¶</a></h2><p>
- <a href="systemd.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd</span>(1)</span></a>,
- <a href="systemd.directives.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd.directives</span>(7)</span></a>,
- <a href="systemd.exec.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd.exec</span>(5)</span></a>,
- <a href="systemd.service.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">systemd.service</span>(5)</span></a>,
- <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/environ.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">environ</span>(7)</span></a>,
- <a href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">capabilities</span>(7)</span></a>
- </p></div></div></body></html>