diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/java/class/example.cxx | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/java/class/example.h | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/java/class/index.html | 49 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/perl5/class/example.cxx | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/perl5/class/example.h | 29 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/perl5/class/example.i | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/perl5/class/index.html | 87 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/perl5/class/runme.pl | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/php/class/example.cxx | 23 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/php/class/example.h | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/php/class/runme.php | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/python/class/example.cxx | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/python/class/example.h | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/python/class/index.html | 87 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/python/class/runme.py | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/ruby/class/example.cxx | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/ruby/class/example.h | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/ruby/class/index.html | 61 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/ruby/class/runme.rb | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/tcl/class/example.cxx | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/tcl/class/example.h | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/tcl/class/example.i | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Examples/tcl/class/index.html | 48 |
23 files changed, 154 insertions, 412 deletions
diff --git a/Examples/java/class/example.cxx b/Examples/java/class/example.cxx index 1e8e203dd..046304519 100644 --- a/Examples/java/class/example.cxx +++ b/Examples/java/class/example.cxx @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* File : example.c */ +/* File : example.cxx */ #include "example.h" #define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846 @@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ void Shape::move(double dx, double dy) { int Shape::nshapes = 0; -double Circle::area(void) { +double Circle::area() { return M_PI*radius*radius; } -double Circle::perimeter(void) { +double Circle::perimeter() { return 2*M_PI*radius; } -double Square::area(void) { +double Square::area() { return width*width; } -double Square::perimeter(void) { +double Square::perimeter() { return 4*width; } diff --git a/Examples/java/class/example.h b/Examples/java/class/example.h index 46d901361..0dff185b2 100644 --- a/Examples/java/class/example.h +++ b/Examples/java/class/example.h @@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); - virtual double area(void) = 0; - virtual double perimeter(void) = 0; + virtual double area() = 0; + virtual double perimeter() = 0; static int nshapes; }; @@ -19,21 +19,16 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Square(double w) : width(w) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; - - - - - diff --git a/Examples/java/class/index.html b/Examples/java/class/index.html index cf9130c62..b0a5e221d 100644 --- a/Examples/java/class/index.html +++ b/Examples/java/class/index.html @@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); virtual double area() = 0; virtual double perimeter() = 0; @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; + Square(double w) : width(w) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -146,50 +146,15 @@ Shape.setNshapes(13); // Set a static data member <ul> <li>This high-level interface using proxy classes is not the only way to handle C++ code. -A low level interface using c functions to access member variables and member functions is the alternative SWIG -approach. This entails passing around the c pointer or c++ 'this' pointer and as such it is not difficult to crash the JVM. +A low level interface using C functions to access member variables and member functions is the alternative SWIG +approach. This entails passing around the C pointer or C++ 'this' pointer and as such it is not difficult to crash the JVM. The abstraction of the underlying pointer by the java proxy classes far better fits the java programming paradigm. <p> -<li>SWIG *does* know how to properly perform upcasting of objects in an inheritance +<li>SWIG <b>does</b> know how to properly perform upcasting of objects in an inheritance hierarchy (including multiple inheritance). However Java classes can only derive from one base class so multiple inheritance is not implemented. Java classes can implement more than one interface so there is scope for improvement in the future. -<p> -<li>A wide variety of C++ features are not currently supported by SWIG. Here is the -short and incomplete list: - -<p> -<ul> -<li>Overloaded methods and functions. SWIG wrappers don't know how to resolve name -conflicts so you must give an alternative name to any overloaded method name using the -%name directive like this: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -void foo(int a); -%name(foo2) void foo(double a, double b); -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Overloaded operators. Not supported at all. The only workaround for this is -to write a helper function. For example: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -%inline %{ - Vector *vector_add(Vector *a, Vector *b) { - ... whatever ... - } -%} -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Namespaces. Not supported at all. Won't be supported until SWIG2.0 (if at all). - -</ul> </ul> <hr> diff --git a/Examples/perl5/class/example.cxx b/Examples/perl5/class/example.cxx index 1e8e203dd..046304519 100644 --- a/Examples/perl5/class/example.cxx +++ b/Examples/perl5/class/example.cxx @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* File : example.c */ +/* File : example.cxx */ #include "example.h" #define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846 @@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ void Shape::move(double dx, double dy) { int Shape::nshapes = 0; -double Circle::area(void) { +double Circle::area() { return M_PI*radius*radius; } -double Circle::perimeter(void) { +double Circle::perimeter() { return 2*M_PI*radius; } -double Square::area(void) { +double Square::area() { return width*width; } -double Square::perimeter(void) { +double Square::perimeter() { return 4*width; } diff --git a/Examples/perl5/class/example.h b/Examples/perl5/class/example.h index b0671d583..fd6943541 100644 --- a/Examples/perl5/class/example.h +++ b/Examples/perl5/class/example.h @@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); - virtual double area(void) = 0; - virtual double perimeter(void) = 0; + virtual double area() = 0; + virtual double perimeter() = 0; static int nshapes; }; @@ -19,29 +19,24 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Square(double w) : width(w) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; typedef Square TSquare; class CFoo { public: - static Square MakeSquare(void) {return Square(4.0);}; - static TSquare MakeTSquare(void) {return Square(4.0);}; + static Square MakeSquare(void) {return Square(4.0);} + static TSquare MakeTSquare(void) {return Square(4.0);} }; - - - - - diff --git a/Examples/perl5/class/example.i b/Examples/perl5/class/example.i index 23ee8a822..75700b305 100644 --- a/Examples/perl5/class/example.i +++ b/Examples/perl5/class/example.i @@ -6,6 +6,5 @@ %} /* Let's just grab the original header file here */ - %include "example.h" diff --git a/Examples/perl5/class/index.html b/Examples/perl5/class/index.html index 58a50ad2e..b4f923b5a 100644 --- a/Examples/perl5/class/index.html +++ b/Examples/perl5/class/index.html @@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); virtual double area() = 0; virtual double perimeter() = 0; @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; + Square(double w) : width(w) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ like this: Note: when creating a C++ extension, you must run SWIG with the <tt>-c++</tt> option like this: <blockquote> <pre> -% swig -c++ -python example.i +% swig -c++ -perl example.i </pre> </blockquote> @@ -97,60 +97,45 @@ Click <a href="runme.pl">here</a> to see a script that calls the C++ functions f <blockquote> <pre> -$c = example::new_Circle(10.0); +$c = new example::Circle(10.0); </pre> </blockquote> <p> -<li>To access member data, a pair of accessor functions are used. -For example: +<li>You can access member data like so: <blockquote> <pre> -example::Shape_x_set($c,15); # Set member data -$x = example::Shape_x_get($c); # Get member data +$c->{x} = 15; # Set member data +$x = $c->{x}; # Get member data </pre> </blockquote> -Note: when accessing member data, the name of the class in which -the data member is defined is used. For example <tt>Shape_x_get()</tt>. - <p> -<li>To invoke a member function, you simply do this +<li>To invoke a member function, you simply do this: <blockquote> <pre> -print "The area is ", example::Shape_area($c); +print "The area is ", $c->area(); </pre> </blockquote> <p> -<li>Type checking knows about the inheritance structure of C++. For example: +<li>To invoke a destructor, simply do this: <blockquote> <pre> -example::Shape_area($c); # Works (c is a Shape) -example::Circle_area($c); # Works (c is a Circle) -example::Square_area($c); # Fails (c is definitely not a Square) +$c->DESTROY(); # Deletes a shape </pre> </blockquote> <p> -<li>To invoke a destructor, simply do this +<li>Static member variables are wrapped like so: <blockquote> <pre> -example::delete_Shape($c); # Deletes a shape -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Static member variables are wrapped as C global variables. For example: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -$n = $example::Shape_nshapes; # Get a static data member -$example::Shapes_nshapes = 13; # Set a static data member +$n = $example::Shape::nshapes; # Get a static data member +$example::Shapes::nshapes = 13; # Set a static data member </pre> </blockquote> @@ -159,47 +144,11 @@ $example::Shapes_nshapes = 13; # Set a static data member <h2>General Comments</h2> <ul> -<li>This low-level interface is not the only way to handle C++ code. Proxy classes -provide a much higher-level interface. - -<p> -<li>SWIG *does* know how to properly perform upcasting of objects in an inheritance +<li>SWIG <b>does</b> know how to properly perform upcasting of objects in an inheritance hierarchy (including multiple inheritance). Therefore it is perfectly safe to pass an object of a derived class to any function involving a base class. -<p> -<li>A wide variety of C++ features are not currently supported by SWIG. Here is the -short and incomplete list: - -<p> -<ul> -<li>Overloaded methods and functions. SWIG wrappers don't know how to resolve name -conflicts so you must give an alternative name to any overloaded method name using the -%name directive like this: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -void foo(int a); -%name(foo2) void foo(double a, double b); -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Overloaded operators. Not supported at all. The only workaround for this is -to write a helper function. For example: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -%inline %{ - Vector *vector_add(Vector *a, Vector *b) { - ... whatever ... - } -%} -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Namespaces. Not supported at all. Won't be supported until SWIG2.0 (if at all). +<li>C++ Namespaces - %nspace isn't yet supported for Perl. </ul> diff --git a/Examples/perl5/class/runme.pl b/Examples/perl5/class/runme.pl index 076e1437b..e45e2b8ce 100644 --- a/Examples/perl5/class/runme.pl +++ b/Examples/perl5/class/runme.pl @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ foreach $o ($c,$s) { print " $o\n"; print " area = ", $o->area(), "\n"; print " perimeter = ", $o->perimeter(), "\n"; - } +} # ----- Delete everything ----- diff --git a/Examples/php/class/example.cxx b/Examples/php/class/example.cxx index f171f10e9..046304519 100644 --- a/Examples/php/class/example.cxx +++ b/Examples/php/class/example.cxx @@ -1,14 +1,7 @@ -/* File : example.c */ +/* File : example.cxx */ #include "example.h" -#include <math.h> -#ifndef M_PI -# define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846 -#endif - -int Shape::get_nshapes() { - return nshapes; -} +#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846 /* Move the shape to a new location */ void Shape::move(double dx, double dy) { @@ -18,22 +11,18 @@ void Shape::move(double dx, double dy) { int Shape::nshapes = 0; -void Circle::set_radius( double r ) { - radius = r; -} - -double Circle::area(void) { +double Circle::area() { return M_PI*radius*radius; } -double Circle::perimeter(void) { +double Circle::perimeter() { return 2*M_PI*radius; } -double Square::area(void) { +double Square::area() { return width*width; } -double Square::perimeter(void) { +double Square::perimeter() { return 4*width; } diff --git a/Examples/php/class/example.h b/Examples/php/class/example.h index 02eaf7232..0dff185b2 100644 --- a/Examples/php/class/example.h +++ b/Examples/php/class/example.h @@ -10,10 +10,9 @@ public: } double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); - virtual double area(void) = 0; - virtual double perimeter(void) = 0; + virtual double area() = 0; + virtual double perimeter() = 0; static int nshapes; - static int get_nshapes(); }; class Circle : public Shape { @@ -21,10 +20,8 @@ private: double radius; public: Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } - ~Circle() { } - void set_radius( double r ); - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; class Square : public Shape { @@ -32,7 +29,6 @@ private: double width; public: Square(double w) : width(w) { } - ~Square() { } - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; diff --git a/Examples/php/class/runme.php b/Examples/php/class/runme.php index 12b686052..99c253b46 100644 --- a/Examples/php/class/runme.php +++ b/Examples/php/class/runme.php @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ print " Created square\n"; # ----- Access a static member ----- -print "\nA total of " . Shape::get_nshapes() . " shapes were created\n"; +print "\nA total of " . Shape::nshapes() . " shapes were created\n"; # ----- Member data access ----- @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ $s = NULL; # the square. $o = NULL; -print Shape::get_nshapes() . " shapes remain\n"; +print Shape::nshapes() . " shapes remain\n"; print "Goodbye\n"; ?> diff --git a/Examples/python/class/example.cxx b/Examples/python/class/example.cxx index 1e8e203dd..046304519 100644 --- a/Examples/python/class/example.cxx +++ b/Examples/python/class/example.cxx @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* File : example.c */ +/* File : example.cxx */ #include "example.h" #define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846 @@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ void Shape::move(double dx, double dy) { int Shape::nshapes = 0; -double Circle::area(void) { +double Circle::area() { return M_PI*radius*radius; } -double Circle::perimeter(void) { +double Circle::perimeter() { return 2*M_PI*radius; } -double Square::area(void) { +double Square::area() { return width*width; } -double Square::perimeter(void) { +double Square::perimeter() { return 4*width; } diff --git a/Examples/python/class/example.h b/Examples/python/class/example.h index 46d901361..0dff185b2 100644 --- a/Examples/python/class/example.h +++ b/Examples/python/class/example.h @@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); - virtual double area(void) = 0; - virtual double perimeter(void) = 0; + virtual double area() = 0; + virtual double perimeter() = 0; static int nshapes; }; @@ -19,21 +19,16 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Square(double w) : width(w) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; - - - - - diff --git a/Examples/python/class/index.html b/Examples/python/class/index.html index 12c5eded1..2e1baa395 100644 --- a/Examples/python/class/index.html +++ b/Examples/python/class/index.html @@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ <H2>Wrapping a simple C++ class</H2> <p> -This example illustrates the most primitive form of C++ class wrapping performed -by SWIG. In this case, C++ classes are simply transformed into a collection of -C-style functions that provide access to class members. +This example illustrates wrapping a simple C++ class to give a Python class. <h2>The C++ Code</h2> @@ -32,8 +30,8 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); virtual double area() = 0; virtual double perimeter() = 0; @@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; + Square(double w) : width(w) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -102,52 +100,35 @@ c = example.new_Circle(10.0) </blockquote> <p> -<li>To access member data, a pair of accessor functions are used. +<li>Member variables of the C++ class are wrapped as attributes of the Python class. For example: <blockquote> <pre> -example.Shape_x_set(c,15) # Set member data -x = example.Shape_x_get(c) # Get member data +c.x = 15 # Set member data +x = c.x # Get member data </pre> </blockquote> -Note: when accessing member data, the name of the class in which -the member data was must be used. In this case, <tt>Shape_x_get()</tt> -and <tt>Shape_x_set()</tt> are used since 'x' was defined in Shape. - <p> -<li>To invoke a member function, you simply do this +<li>Member function are invoked as you would expect: <blockquote> <pre> -print "The area is ", example.Shape_area(c) +print "The area is ", c.area() </pre> </blockquote> <p> -<li>Type checking knows about the inheritance structure of C++. For example: +<li>To invoke a destructor, simply call <code>del</code> on the object: <blockquote> <pre> -example.Shape_area(c) # Works (c is a Shape) -example.Circle_area(c) # Works (c is a Circle) -example.Square_area(c) # Fails (c is definitely not a Square) +del c # Deletes a shape </pre> </blockquote> <p> -<li>To invoke a destructor, simply do this - -<blockquote> -<pre> -example.delete_Shape(c) # Deletes a shape -</pre> -</blockquote> - -(Note: destructors are currently not inherited. This might change later). - -<p> <li>Static member variables are wrapped as C global variables. For example: <blockquote> @@ -162,52 +143,12 @@ example.cvar.Shapes_nshapes = 13 # Set a static data member <h2>General Comments</h2> <ul> -<li>This low-level interface is not the only way to handle C++ code. -Proxy classes provide a much higher-level interface. - -<p> -<li>SWIG *does* know how to properly perform upcasting of objects in +<li>SWIG <b>does</b> know how to properly perform upcasting of objects in an inheritance hierarchy (including multiple inheritance). Therefore it is perfectly safe to pass an object of a derived class to any function involving a base class. -<p> -<li>A wide variety of C++ features are not currently supported by SWIG. Here is the -short and incomplete list: - -<p> -<ul> -<li>Overloaded methods and functions. SWIG wrappers don't know how to resolve name -conflicts so you must give an alternative name to any overloaded method name using the -%name directive like this: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -void foo(int a); -%name(foo2) void foo(double a, double b); -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Overloaded operators. Not supported at all. The only workaround for this is -to write a helper function. For example: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -%inline %{ - Vector *vector_add(Vector *a, Vector *b) { - ... whatever ... - } -%} -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Namespaces. Not supported at all. Won't be supported until SWIG2.0 (if at all). - -<p> -<li>Dave's snide remark: Like a large bottle of strong Tequilla, it's better to -use C++ in moderation. +<li>C++ Namespaces - %nspace isn't yet supported for Python. </ul> diff --git a/Examples/python/class/runme.py b/Examples/python/class/runme.py index f1272ae81..8f4f27eb9 100644 --- a/Examples/python/class/runme.py +++ b/Examples/python/class/runme.py @@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ for o in [c,s]: print " ", o print " area = ", o.area() print " perimeter = ", o.perimeter() +# prevent o from holding a reference to the last object looked at +o = None print "\nGuess I'll clean up now" @@ -45,7 +47,5 @@ print "\nGuess I'll clean up now" del c del s -s = 3 print example.cvar.Shape_nshapes,"shapes remain" print "Goodbye" - diff --git a/Examples/ruby/class/example.cxx b/Examples/ruby/class/example.cxx index 1e8e203dd..046304519 100644 --- a/Examples/ruby/class/example.cxx +++ b/Examples/ruby/class/example.cxx @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* File : example.c */ +/* File : example.cxx */ #include "example.h" #define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846 @@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ void Shape::move(double dx, double dy) { int Shape::nshapes = 0; -double Circle::area(void) { +double Circle::area() { return M_PI*radius*radius; } -double Circle::perimeter(void) { +double Circle::perimeter() { return 2*M_PI*radius; } -double Square::area(void) { +double Square::area() { return width*width; } -double Square::perimeter(void) { +double Square::perimeter() { return 4*width; } diff --git a/Examples/ruby/class/example.h b/Examples/ruby/class/example.h index 46d901361..0dff185b2 100644 --- a/Examples/ruby/class/example.h +++ b/Examples/ruby/class/example.h @@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); - virtual double area(void) = 0; - virtual double perimeter(void) = 0; + virtual double area() = 0; + virtual double perimeter() = 0; static int nshapes; }; @@ -19,21 +19,16 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Square(double w) : width(w) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; - - - - - diff --git a/Examples/ruby/class/index.html b/Examples/ruby/class/index.html index 67eeac9ad..1e227342d 100644 --- a/Examples/ruby/class/index.html +++ b/Examples/ruby/class/index.html @@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ <H2>Wrapping a simple C++ class</H2> <p> -This example illustrates C++ class wrapping performed by SWIG. -C++ classes are simply transformed into Ruby classes that provide methods to -access class members. +This example illustrates wrapping a simple C++ class to give a Python class. <h2>The C++ Code</h2> @@ -32,8 +30,8 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); virtual double area() = 0; virtual double perimeter() = 0; @@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; + Square(double w) : width(w) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -122,10 +120,8 @@ print "The area is ", c.area, "\n" </blockquote> <p> -<li>When a instance of Ruby level wrapper class is garbage collected by +<li>When a instance of Ruby level wrapper class is garbage collected by the Ruby interpreter, the corresponding C++ destructor is automatically invoked. -(Note: destructors are currently not inherited. This might change later. -Until then, use <tt>-make_default</tt>). <p> <li>Static member variables are wrapped as Ruby class accessor methods. @@ -144,53 +140,14 @@ Shapes.nshapes = 13 # Set a static data member <ul> <li>Ruby module of SWIG differs from other language modules in wrapping C++ -interfaces. They provides lower-level interfaces and optional higher-level +interfaces. They provide lower-level interfaces and optional higher-level interfaces know as proxy classes. Ruby module needs no such redundancy due to Ruby's sophisticated extension API. -<p> -<li>SWIG *does* know how to properly perform upcasting of objects in +<li>SWIG <b>does</b> know how to properly perform upcasting of objects in an inheritance hierarchy except for multiple inheritance. -<p> -<li>A wide variety of C++ features are not currently supported by SWIG. Here is the -short and incomplete list: - -<p> -<ul> -<li>Overloaded methods and functions. SWIG wrappers don't know how to resolve name -conflicts so you must give an alternative name to any overloaded method name using the -%name directive like this: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -void foo(int a); -%name(foo2) void foo(double a, double b); -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Overloaded operators. Not supported at all. The only workaround for this is -to write a helper function. For example: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -%inline %{ - Vector *vector_add(Vector *a, Vector *b) { - ... whatever ... - } -%} -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Namespaces. Not supported at all. Won't be supported until SWIG2.0 (if at all). - -</ul> -<p> - -<li>Dave's snide remark: Like a large bottle of strong Tequilla, it's better to -use C++ in moderation. +<li>C++ Namespaces - %nspace isn't yet supported for Python. </ul> diff --git a/Examples/ruby/class/runme.rb b/Examples/ruby/class/runme.rb index de73bcd46..971e149d5 100644 --- a/Examples/ruby/class/runme.rb +++ b/Examples/ruby/class/runme.rb @@ -45,5 +45,9 @@ end # Notice how the Shape#area() and Shape#perimeter() functions really # invoke the appropriate virtual method on each object. +# Remove references to the object and force a garbage collection run. +c = s = o = nil +GC.start() + print "\n", Example::Shape.nshapes," shapes remain\n" print "Goodbye\n" diff --git a/Examples/tcl/class/example.cxx b/Examples/tcl/class/example.cxx index 1e8e203dd..046304519 100644 --- a/Examples/tcl/class/example.cxx +++ b/Examples/tcl/class/example.cxx @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -/* File : example.c */ +/* File : example.cxx */ #include "example.h" #define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846 @@ -11,18 +11,18 @@ void Shape::move(double dx, double dy) { int Shape::nshapes = 0; -double Circle::area(void) { +double Circle::area() { return M_PI*radius*radius; } -double Circle::perimeter(void) { +double Circle::perimeter() { return 2*M_PI*radius; } -double Square::area(void) { +double Square::area() { return width*width; } -double Square::perimeter(void) { +double Square::perimeter() { return 4*width; } diff --git a/Examples/tcl/class/example.h b/Examples/tcl/class/example.h index 46d901361..0dff185b2 100644 --- a/Examples/tcl/class/example.h +++ b/Examples/tcl/class/example.h @@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); - virtual double area(void) = 0; - virtual double perimeter(void) = 0; + virtual double area() = 0; + virtual double perimeter() = 0; static int nshapes; }; @@ -19,21 +19,16 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; - virtual double area(void); - virtual double perimeter(void); + Square(double w) : width(w) { } + virtual double area(); + virtual double perimeter(); }; - - - - - diff --git a/Examples/tcl/class/example.i b/Examples/tcl/class/example.i index 23ee8a822..75700b305 100644 --- a/Examples/tcl/class/example.i +++ b/Examples/tcl/class/example.i @@ -6,6 +6,5 @@ %} /* Let's just grab the original header file here */ - %include "example.h" diff --git a/Examples/tcl/class/index.html b/Examples/tcl/class/index.html index fd8cfe502..5b09b7a9d 100644 --- a/Examples/tcl/class/index.html +++ b/Examples/tcl/class/index.html @@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ public: } virtual ~Shape() { nshapes--; - }; - double x, y; + } + double x, y; void move(double dx, double dy); virtual double area() = 0; virtual double perimeter() = 0; @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class Circle : public Shape { private: double radius; public: - Circle(double r) : radius(r) { }; + Circle(double r) : radius(r) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class Square : public Shape { private: double width; public: - Square(double w) : width(w) { }; + Square(double w) : width(w) { } virtual double area(); virtual double perimeter(); }; @@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ Note: when creating a C++ extension, you must run SWIG with the <tt>-c++</tt> op SWIG performs two forms of C++ wrapping-- a low level interface and a high level widget-like interface. <ul> <li> -Click <a href="example1.tcl">here</a> to see a script that calls the C++ functions using the +Click <a href="runme.tcl">here</a> to see a script that calls the C++ functions using the low-level interface. <li> -Click <a href="example2.tcl">here</a> to see a the same script written with the high-level +Click <a href="runme2.tcl">here</a> to see the same script written with the high-level interface. </ul> @@ -225,47 +225,15 @@ set Shapes_nshapes 13 # Set a static data member <h2>General Comments</h2> <ul> + <li>The low-level function interface is much faster than the high-level interface. In fact, all the higher level interface does is call functions in the low-level interface. -<p> <li>SWIG *does* know how to properly perform upcasting of objects in an inheritance hierarchy (including multiple inheritance). Therefore it is perfectly safe to pass an object of a derived class to any function involving a base class. -<p> -<li>A wide variety of C++ features are not currently supported by SWIG. Here is the -short and incomplete list: - -<p> -<ul> -<li>Overloaded methods and functions. SWIG wrappers don't know how to resolve name -conflicts so you must give an alternative name to any overloaded method name using the -%name directive like this: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -void foo(int a); -%name(foo2) void foo(double a, double b); -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Overloaded operators. Not supported at all. The only workaround for this is -to write a helper function. For example: - -<blockquote> -<pre> -%inline %{ - Vector *vector_add(Vector *a, Vector *b) { - ... whatever ... - } -%} -</pre> -</blockquote> - -<p> -<li>Namespaces. Not supported at all. Won't be supported until SWIG2.0 (if at all). +<li>C++ Namespaces - %nspace isn't yet supported for Python. </ul> |