1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
|
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<!-- Created on February, 11 2014 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
and many others.
Maintained by: Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html@mathematik.uni-kl.de>
-->
<HEAD>
<TITLE>GNU Readline Library: </TITLE>
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="GNU Readline Library: ">
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="GNU Readline Library: ">
<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
<META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="texi2html 1.64">
</HEAD>
<BODY LANG="" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#800080" ALINK="#FF0000">
<A NAME="SEC_Top"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>GNU Readline Library</H1></P><P>
This document describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline Library,
a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete
programs which provide a command line interface.
The Readline home page is <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/readline/">http://www.gnu.org/software/readline/</A>.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">1. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">GNU Readline User's Manual.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23">A. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">License for copying this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<HR SIZE=1>
<A NAME="SEC1"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A>
<H1> 1. Command Line Editing </H1>
<!--docid::SEC1::-->
<P>
This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU
command line editing interface.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2">1.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3">1.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">1.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13">1.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands
available for binding</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22">1.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline
behave like the vi editor.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Introduction and Notation"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC2"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2>
<!--docid::SEC2::-->
<P>
The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
keystrokes.
</P><P>
The text <KBD>C-k</KBD> is read as `Control-K' and describes the character
produced when the <KBD>k</KBD> key is pressed while the Control key
is depressed.
</P><P>
The text <KBD>M-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character
produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <KBD>k</KBD>
key is pressed.
The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> on many keyboards.
On keyboards with two keys labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> (usually to either side of
the space bar), the <KBD>ALT</KBD> on the left side is generally set to
work as a Meta key.
The <KBD>ALT</KBD> key on the right may also be configured to work as a
Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a
Compose key for typing accented characters.
</P><P>
If you do not have a Meta or <KBD>ALT</KBD> key, or another key working as
a Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <KBD>ESC</KBD>
<EM>first</EM>, and then typing <KBD>k</KBD>.
Either process is known as <EM>metafying</EM> the <KBD>k</KBD> key.
</P><P>
The text <KBD>M-C-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the
character produced by <EM>metafying</EM> <KBD>C-k</KBD>.
</P><P>
In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically,
<KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all
stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file
(see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">1.3 Readline Init File</A>).
If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will
produce the desired character.
The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on
some keyboards.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Readline Interaction"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC3"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.2 Readline Interaction </H2>
<!--docid::SEC3::-->
<P>
Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text,
only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The
Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text
as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing
you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands,
you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or
insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with
the line, you simply press <KBD>RET</KBD>. You do not have to be at the
end of the line to press <KBD>RET</KBD>; the entire line is accepted
regardless of the location of the cursor within the line.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4">1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5">1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6">1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7">1.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline Bare Essentials"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC4"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3>
<!--docid::SEC4::-->
<P>
In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed
character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one
space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your
erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character.
</P><P>
Sometimes you may mistype a character, and
not notice the error until you have typed several other characters. In
that case, you can type <KBD>C-b</KBD> to move the cursor to the left, and then
correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right
with <KBD>C-f</KBD>.
</P><P>
When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters
to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text
that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor,
characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the
blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the bare
essentials for editing the text of an input line follows.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-b</KBD>
<DD>Move back one character.
<DT><KBD>C-f</KBD>
<DD>Move forward one character.
<DT><KBD>DEL</KBD> or <KBD>Backspace</KBD>
<DD>Delete the character to the left of the cursor.
<DT><KBD>C-d</KBD>
<DD>Delete the character underneath the cursor.
<DT>Printing characters
<DD>Insert the character into the line at the cursor.
<DT><KBD>C-_</KBD> or <KBD>C-x C-u</KBD>
<DD>Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an
empty line.
</DL>
<P>
(Depending on your configuration, the <KBD>Backspace</KBD> key be set to
delete the character to the left of the cursor and the <KBD>DEL</KBD> key set
to delete the character underneath the cursor, like <KBD>C-d</KBD>, rather
than the character to the left of the cursor.)
</P><P>
<A NAME="Readline Movement Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC5"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3>
<!--docid::SEC5::-->
<P>
The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need
in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many
other commands have been added in addition to <KBD>C-b</KBD>, <KBD>C-f</KBD>,
<KBD>C-d</KBD>, and <KBD>DEL</KBD>. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly
about the line.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-a</KBD>
<DD>Move to the start of the line.
<DT><KBD>C-e</KBD>
<DD>Move to the end of the line.
<DT><KBD>M-f</KBD>
<DD>Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and digits.
<DT><KBD>M-b</KBD>
<DD>Move backward a word.
<DT><KBD>C-l</KBD>
<DD>Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top.
</DL>
<P>
Notice how <KBD>C-f</KBD> moves forward a character, while <KBD>M-f</KBD> moves
forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes
operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Readline Killing Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC6"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3>
<!--docid::SEC6::-->
<P>
<A NAME="IDX1"></A>
<A NAME="IDX2"></A>
</P><P>
<EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save
it away for later use, usually by <EM>yanking</EM> (re-inserting)
it back into the line.
(`Cut' and `paste' are more recent jargon for `kill' and `yank'.)
</P><P>
If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can
be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same)
place later.
</P><P>
When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a <EM>kill-ring</EM>.
Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so
that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill
ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously
typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing
another line.
<A NAME="IDX3"></A>
</P><P>
Here is the list of commands for killing text.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-k</KBD>
<DD>Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line.
<P>
<DT><KBD>M-d</KBD>
<DD>Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-f</KBD>.
<P>
<DT><KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD>
<DD>Kill from the cursor the start of the current word, or, if between
words, to the start of the previous word.
Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-b</KBD>.
<P>
<DT><KBD>C-w</KBD>
<DD>Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than
<KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> because the word boundaries differ.
<P>
</DL>
<P>
Here is how to <EM>yank</EM> the text back into the line. Yanking
means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><KBD>C-y</KBD>
<DD>Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor.
<P>
<DT><KBD>M-y</KBD>
<DD>Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if
the prior command is <KBD>C-y</KBD> or <KBD>M-y</KBD>.
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC7"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3>
<!--docid::SEC7::-->
<P>
You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the
argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the <I>sign</I> of the
argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a
command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will
act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the
start of the line, you might type <SAMP>`M-- C-k'</SAMP>.
</P><P>
The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta
digits before the command. If the first `digit' typed is a minus
sign (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once
you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type
the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give
the <KBD>C-d</KBD> command an argument of 10, you could type <SAMP>`M-1 0 C-d'</SAMP>,
which will delete the next ten characters on the input line.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Searching"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC8"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3>
<!--docid::SEC8::-->
<P>
Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
for lines containing a specified string.
There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>.
</P><P>
Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
search string.
As each character of the search string is typed, Readline displays
the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
find the desired history entry.
To search backward in the history for a particular string, type
<KBD>C-r</KBD>. Typing <KBD>C-s</KBD> searches forward through the history.
The characters present in the value of the <CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> variable
are used to terminate an incremental search.
If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
<KBD>C-J</KBD> characters will terminate an incremental search.
<KBD>C-g</KBD> will abort an incremental search and restore the original line.
When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
</P><P>
To find other matching entries in the history list, type <KBD>C-r</KBD> or
<KBD>C-s</KBD> as appropriate.
This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
entry matching the search string typed so far.
Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate
the search and execute that command.
For instance, a <KBD>RET</KBD> will terminate the search and accept
the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found
the current line, and begin editing.
</P><P>
Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two
<KBD>C-r</KBD>s are typed without any intervening characters defining a new
search string, any remembered search string is used.
</P><P>
Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
to search for matching history lines. The search string may be
typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Readline Init File"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC9"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.3 Readline Init File </H2>
<!--docid::SEC9::-->
<P>
Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like
keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set
of keybindings.
Any user can customize programs that use Readline by putting
commands in an <EM>inputrc</EM> file, conventionally in his home directory.
The name of this
file is taken from the value of the environment variable <CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>. If
that variable is unset, the default is <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>. If that
file does not exist or cannot be read, the ultimate default is
<TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>.
</P><P>
When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the
init file is read, and the key bindings are set.
</P><P>
In addition, the <CODE>C-x C-r</CODE> command re-reads this init file, thus
incorporating any changes that you might have made to it.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10">1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12">1.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC10"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3>
<!--docid::SEC10::-->
<P>
There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional
constructs (see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines
denote variable settings and key bindings.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT>Variable Settings
<DD>You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by
altering the values of variables in Readline
using the <CODE>set</CODE> command within the init file.
The syntax is simple:
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set <VAR>variable</VAR> <VAR>value</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
Here, for example, is how to
change from the default Emacs-like key binding to use
<CODE>vi</CODE> line editing commands:
</P><P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set editing-mode vi
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
Variable names and values, where appropriate, are recognized without regard
to case. Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
</P><P>
Boolean variables (those that can be set to on or off) are set to on if
the value is null or empty, <VAR>on</VAR> (case-insensitive), or 1. Any other
value results in the variable being set to off.
</P><P>
A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following
variables.
</P><P>
<A NAME="IDX4"></A>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX5"></A>
Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to
<SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
If set to <SAMP>`audible'</SAMP> (the default), Readline attempts to ring
the terminal's bell.
<P>
<DT><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX6"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their Readline
equivalents.
<P>
<DT><CODE>colored-stats</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX7"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline displays possible completions using different
colors to indicate their file type.
The color definitions are taken from the value of the <CODE>LS_COLORS</CODE>
environment variable.
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX8"></A>
The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
<CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value
is <CODE>"#"</CODE>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX9"></A>
The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
when performing completion.
The value is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal
screen width.
A value of 0 will cause matches to be displayed one per line.
The default value is -1.
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX10"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX11"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, and <VAR>completion-ignore-case</VAR> is enabled, Readline
treats hyphens (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>) and underscores (<SAMP>`_'</SAMP>) as equivalent when
performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX12"></A>
The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a
value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX13"></A>
The number of possible completions that determines when the user is
asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed.
If the number of possible completions is greater than this value,
Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view
them; otherwise, they are simply listed.
This variable must be set to an integer value greater than or equal to 0.
A negative value means Readline should never ask.
The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX14"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the
eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth
bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a
meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX15"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion.
Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had
been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX16"></A>
The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of
key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing
mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be
set to either <SAMP>`emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`vi'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>echo-control-characters</CODE>
<DD>When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, on operating systems that indicate they support it,
readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal generated from the
keyboard. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX17"></A>
When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application
keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>enable-meta-key</CODE>
<DD>When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable any meta modifier
key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many terminals,
the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX18"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline
attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX19"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place the point (the
current cursor position) at the
same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE>
or <CODE>next-history</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>history-size</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX20"></A>
Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list.
If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries
are saved.
If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
limited.
By default, the number of history entries is not limited.
<P>
<DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX21"></A>
This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it
to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll
horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width
of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default,
this variable is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX22"></A>
<A NAME="IDX23"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it
will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The
default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. The name <CODE>meta-flag</CODE> is a
synonym for this variable.
<P>
<DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX24"></A>
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without
subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
<KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search.
<P>
<DT><CODE>keymap</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX25"></A>
Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands.
Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are
<CODE>emacs</CODE>,
<CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>,
<CODE>emacs-meta</CODE>,
<CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE>,
<CODE>vi</CODE>,
<CODE>vi-move</CODE>,
<CODE>vi-command</CODE>, and
<CODE>vi-insert</CODE>.
<CODE>vi</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>vi-command</CODE>; <CODE>emacs</CODE> is
equivalent to <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>. The default value is <CODE>emacs</CODE>.
The value of the <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable also affects the
default keymap.
<P>
<DT><CODE>keyseq-timeout</CODE>
<DD>Specifies the duration Readline will wait for a character when reading an
ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using
the input read so far, or can take additional input to complete a longer
key sequence).
If no input is received within the timeout, Readline will use the shorter
but complete key sequence.
Readline uses this value to determine whether or not input is
available on the current input source (<CODE>rl_instream</CODE> by default).
The value is specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that
Readline will wait one second for additional input.
If this variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a
non-numeric value, Readline will wait until another key is pressed to
decide which key sequence to complete.
The default value is <CODE>500</CODE>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>mark-directories</CODE>
<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed directory names have a slash
appended. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX26"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an
asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified.
This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX27"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links
to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
<CODE>mark-directories</CODE>).
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX28"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose
names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename
completion.
If set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>, the leading <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> must be
supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX29"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through
the list. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX30"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the
eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX31"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager
to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>print-completions-horizontally</CODE>
<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display completions with matches
sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX32"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when <CODE>accept-line</CODE> is executed. By default,
history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
calls to <CODE>readline</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX33"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If
set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
words which have more than one possible completion cause the
matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX34"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>.
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
words which have more than one possible completion without any
possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share
a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead
of ringing the bell.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>show-mode-in-prompt</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX35"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, add a character to the beginning of the prompt
indicating the editing mode: emacs (<SAMP>`@'</SAMP>), vi command (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>),
or vi insertion (<SAMP>`+'</SAMP>).
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX36"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, readline
does not insert characters from the completion that match characters
after point in the word being completed, so portions of the word
following the cursor are not duplicated.
For instance, if this is enabled, attempting completion when the cursor
is after the <SAMP>`e'</SAMP> in <SAMP>`Makefile'</SAMP> will result in <SAMP>`Makefile'</SAMP>
rather than <SAMP>`Makefilefile'</SAMP>, assuming there is a single possible
completion.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX37"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type
is appended to the filename when listing possible
completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
</DL>
<P>
<DT>Key Bindings
<DD>The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is
simple. First you need to find the name of the command that you
want to change. The following sections contain tables of the command
name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short description of what
the command does.
<P>
Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line
in the init file the name of the key
you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the
command.
There can be no space between the key name and the colon -- that will be
interpreted as part of the key name.
The name of the key can be expressed in different ways, depending on
what you find most comfortable.
</P><P>
In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <VAR>macro</VAR>).
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><VAR>keyname</VAR>: <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR>
<DD><VAR>keyname</VAR> is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>Control-u: universal-argument
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is bound to the function
<CODE>universal-argument</CODE>,
<KBD>M-DEL</KBD> is bound to the function <CODE>backward-kill-word</CODE>, and
<KBD>C-o</KBD> is bound to run the macro
expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text
<SAMP>`> output'</SAMP> into the line).
</P><P>
A number of symbolic character names are recognized while
processing this key binding syntax:
<VAR>DEL</VAR>,
<VAR>ESC</VAR>,
<VAR>ESCAPE</VAR>,
<VAR>LFD</VAR>,
<VAR>NEWLINE</VAR>,
<VAR>RET</VAR>,
<VAR>RETURN</VAR>,
<VAR>RUBOUT</VAR>,
<VAR>SPACE</VAR>,
<VAR>SPC</VAR>,
and
<VAR>TAB</VAR>.
</P><P>
<DT>"<VAR>keyseq</VAR>": <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR>
<DD><VAR>keyseq</VAR> differs from <VAR>keyname</VAR> above in that strings
denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing
the key sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key
escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the
special character names are not recognized.
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>"\C-u": universal-argument
"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is again bound to the function
<CODE>universal-argument</CODE> (just as it was in the first example),
<SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> <KBD>C-r</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to the function <CODE>re-read-init-file</CODE>,
and <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> <KBD>[</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>~</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to insert
the text <SAMP>`Function Key 1'</SAMP>.
</P><P>
</DL>
<P>
The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when
specifying key sequences:
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE><KBD>\C-</KBD></CODE>
<DD>control prefix
<DT><CODE><KBD>\M-</KBD></CODE>
<DD>meta prefix
<DT><CODE><KBD>\e</KBD></CODE>
<DD>an escape character
<DT><CODE><KBD>\\</KBD></CODE>
<DD>backslash
<DT><CODE><KBD>\"</KBD></CODE>
<DD><KBD>"</KBD>, a double quotation mark
<DT><CODE><KBD>\'</KBD></CODE>
<DD><KBD>'</KBD>, a single quote or apostrophe
</DL>
<P>
In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second
set of backslash escapes is available:
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>\a</CODE>
<DD>alert (bell)
<DT><CODE>\b</CODE>
<DD>backspace
<DT><CODE>\d</CODE>
<DD>delete
<DT><CODE>\f</CODE>
<DD>form feed
<DT><CODE>\n</CODE>
<DD>newline
<DT><CODE>\r</CODE>
<DD>carriage return
<DT><CODE>\t</CODE>
<DD>horizontal tab
<DT><CODE>\v</CODE>
<DD>vertical tab
<DT><CODE>\<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE>
<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR>
(one to three digits)
<DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE>
<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR>
(one or two hex digits)
</DL>
<P>
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
be used to indicate a macro definition.
Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded.
Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
including <SAMP>`"'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`''</SAMP>.
For example, the following binding will make <SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> \'</SAMP>
insert a single <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> into the line:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>"\C-x\\": "\\"
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Conditional Init Constructs"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC11"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3>
<!--docid::SEC11::-->
<P>
Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
of tests. There are four parser directives used.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>$if</CODE>
<DD>The <CODE>$if</CODE> construct allows bindings to be made based on the
editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
no characters are required to isolate it.
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>mode</CODE>
<DD>The <CODE>mode=</CODE> form of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive is used to test
whether Readline is in <CODE>emacs</CODE> or <CODE>vi</CODE> mode.
This may be used in conjunction
with the <SAMP>`set keymap'</SAMP> command, for instance, to set bindings in
the <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE> and <CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE> keymaps only if
Readline is starting out in <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode.
<P>
<DT><CODE>term</CODE>
<DD>The <CODE>term=</CODE> form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the
terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the
<SAMP>`='</SAMP> is tested against both the full name of the terminal and
the portion of the terminal name before the first <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. This
allows <CODE>sun</CODE> to match both <CODE>sun</CODE> and <CODE>sun-cmd</CODE>,
for instance.
<P>
<DT><CODE>application</CODE>
<DD>The <VAR>application</VAR> construct is used to include
application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline
library sets the <VAR>application name</VAR>, and you can test for
a particular value.
This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a
key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$if Bash
# Quote the current or previous word
"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
$endif
</pre></td></tr></table></DL>
<P>
<DT><CODE>$endif</CODE>
<DD>This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an
<CODE>$if</CODE> command.
<P>
<DT><CODE>$else</CODE>
<DD>Commands in this branch of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive are executed if
the test fails.
<P>
<DT><CODE>$include</CODE>
<DD>This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands
and bindings from that file.
For example, the following directive reads from <TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$include /etc/inputrc
</pre></td></tr></table></DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Sample Init File"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC12"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.3.3 Sample Init File </H3>
<!--docid::SEC12::-->
<P>
Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key
binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
</P><P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre># This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
# programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing
# programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB.
#
# You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r.
# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
#
# First, include any system-wide bindings and variable
# assignments from /etc/Inputrc
$include /etc/Inputrc
#
# Set various bindings for emacs mode.
set editing-mode emacs
$if mode=emacs
Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored
#
# Arrow keys in keypad mode
#
#"\M-OD": backward-char
#"\M-OC": forward-char
#"\M-OA": previous-history
#"\M-OB": next-history
#
# Arrow keys in ANSI mode
#
"\M-[D": backward-char
"\M-[C": forward-char
"\M-[A": previous-history
"\M-[B": next-history
#
# Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode
#
#"\M-\C-OD": backward-char
#"\M-\C-OC": forward-char
#"\M-\C-OA": previous-history
#"\M-\C-OB": next-history
#
# Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode
#
#"\M-\C-[D": backward-char
#"\M-\C-[C": forward-char
#"\M-\C-[A": previous-history
#"\M-\C-[B": next-history
C-q: quoted-insert
$endif
# An old-style binding. This happens to be the default.
TAB: complete
# Macros that are convenient for shell interaction
$if Bash
# edit the path
"\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f"
# prepare to type a quoted word --
# insert open and close double quotes
# and move to just after the open quote
"\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b"
# insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes
# in sequences and macros)
"\C-x\\": "\\"
# Quote the current or previous word
"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
# Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound
"\C-xr": redraw-current-line
# Edit variable on current line.
"\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y="
$endif
# use a visible bell if one is available
set bell-style visible
# don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading
set input-meta on
# allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather
# than converted to prefix-meta sequences
set convert-meta off
# display characters with the eighth bit set directly
# rather than as meta-prefixed characters
set output-meta on
# if there are more than 150 possible completions for
# a word, ask the user if he wants to see all of them
set completion-query-items 150
# For FTP
$if Ftp
"\C-xg": "get \M-?"
"\C-xt": "put \M-?"
"\M-.": yank-last-arg
$endif
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<A NAME="Bindable Readline Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC13"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2>
<!--docid::SEC13::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14">1.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15">1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16">1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17">1.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18">1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19">1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20">1.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21">1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key
sequences.
Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
</P><P>
In the following descriptions, <EM>point</EM> refers to the current cursor
position, and <EM>mark</EM> refers to a cursor position saved by the
<CODE>set-mark</CODE> command.
The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Commands For Moving"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC14"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3>
<!--docid::SEC14::-->
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX38"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX39"></A>
Move to the start of the current line.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX40"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX41"></A>
Move to the end of the line.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX42"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX43"></A>
Move forward a character.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX44"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX45"></A>
Move back a character.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX46"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX47"></A>
Move forward to the end of the next word.
Words are composed of letters and digits.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX48"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX49"></A>
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Words are composed of letters and digits.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX50"></A>
<DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX51"></A>
Clear the screen and redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX52"></A>
<DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX53"></A>
Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
<P>
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Commands For History"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC15"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3>
<!--docid::SEC15::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX54"></A>
<DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX55"></A>
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is.
If this line is
non-empty, it may be added to the history list for future recall with
<CODE>add_history()</CODE>.
If this line is a modified history line, the history line is restored
to its original state.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX56"></A>
<DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX57"></A>
Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX58"></A>
<DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX59"></A>
Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX60"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX61"></A>
Move to the first line in the history.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX62"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX63"></A>
Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX64"></A>
<DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX65"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX66"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX67"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX68"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX69"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX70"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX71"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX72"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX73"></A>
Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
The search string must match at the beginning of a history line.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX74"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX75"></A>
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
The search string must match at the beginning of a history line.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX76"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX77"></A>
Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX78"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-substr-search-backward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX79"></A>
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX80"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX81"></A>
Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
the second word on the previous line) at point.
With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>,
insert the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the previous command (the words
in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
inserts the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the end of the previous command.
Once the argument <VAR>n</VAR> is computed, the argument is extracted
as if the <SAMP>`!<VAR>n</VAR>'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX82"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX83"></A>
Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
previous history entry).
With a numeric argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>.
Successive calls to <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE> move back through the history
list, inserting the last word (or the word specified by the argument to
the first call) of each line in turn.
Any numeric argument supplied to these successive calls determines
the direction to move through the history. A negative argument switches
the direction through the history (back or forward).
The history expansion facilities are used to extract the last argument,
as if the <SAMP>`!$'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
<P>
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Commands For Text"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC16"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3>
<!--docid::SEC16::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX84"></A>
<DT><CODE><I>end-of-file</I> (usually C-d)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX85"></A>
The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
<CODE>stty</CODE>. If this character is read when there are no characters
on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, Readline
interprets it as the end of input and returns EOF.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX86"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX87"></A>
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty EOF character, as <KBD>C-d</KBD>
commonly is, see above for the effects.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX88"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX89"></A>
Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means
to kill the characters instead of deleting them.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX90"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX91"></A>
Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX92"></A>
<DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX93"></A>
Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is
how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX94"></A>
<DT><CODE>tab-insert (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX95"></A>
Insert a tab character.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX96"></A>
<DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX97"></A>
Insert yourself.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX98"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX99"></A>
Drag the character before the cursor forward over
the character at the cursor, moving the
cursor forward as well. If the insertion point
is at the end of the line, then this
transposes the last two characters of the line.
Negative arguments have no effect.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX100"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX101"></A>
Drag the word before point past the word after point,
moving point past that word as well.
If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes
the last two words on the line.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX102"></A>
<DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX103"></A>
Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX104"></A>
<DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A>
Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX106"></A>
<DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX107"></A>
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX108"></A>
<DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX109"></A>
Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument,
switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric
argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only
<CODE>emacs</CODE> mode; <CODE>vi</CODE> mode does overwrite differently.
Each call to <CODE>readline()</CODE> starts in insert mode.
<P>
In overwrite mode, characters bound to <CODE>self-insert</CODE> replace
the text at point rather than pushing the text to the right.
Characters bound to <CODE>backward-delete-char</CODE> replace the character
before point with a space.
</P><P>
By default, this command is unbound.
</P><P>
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Commands For Killing"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC17"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3>
<!--docid::SEC17::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX110"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX111"></A>
Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX112"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX113"></A>
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX114"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX115"></A>
Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX116"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX117"></A>
Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
By default, this is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX118"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX119"></A>
Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX120"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX121"></A>
Kill the word behind point.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX122"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX123"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX124"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX125"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
as the word boundaries.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX126"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX127"></A>
Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX128"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX129"></A>
Kill the text in the current region.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX130"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX131"></A>
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked
right away. By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX132"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX133"></A>
Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX134"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX135"></A>
Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX136"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX137"></A>
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX138"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX139"></A>
Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if
the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>.
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Numeric Arguments"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC18"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3>
<!--docid::SEC18::-->
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX140"></A>
<DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX141"></A>
Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX142"></A>
<DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX143"></A>
This is another way to specify an argument.
If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
If the command is followed by digits, executing <CODE>universal-argument</CODE>
again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored.
As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a
character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count
for the next command is multiplied by four.
The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the
first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the
argument count sixteen, and so on.
By default, this is not bound to a key.
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Commands For Completion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC19"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3>
<!--docid::SEC19::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX144"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX145"></A>
Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
The actual completion performed is application-specific.
The default is filename completion.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX146"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX147"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point.
When displaying completions, Readline sets the number of columns used
for display to the value of <CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>, the value of
the environment variable <CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>, or the screen width, in that order.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX148"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX149"></A>
Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX150"></A>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX151"></A>
Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed
with a single match from the list of possible completions.
Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list
of possible completions, inserting each match in turn.
At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung
(subject to the setting of <CODE>bell-style</CODE>)
and the original text is restored.
An argument of <VAR>n</VAR> moves <VAR>n</VAR> positions forward in the list
of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward
through the list.
This command is intended to be bound to <KBD>TAB</KBD>, but is unbound
by default.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX152"></A>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A>
Identical to <CODE>menu-complete</CODE>, but moves backward through the list
of possible completions, as if <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> had been given a
negative argument.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX154"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX155"></A>
Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>).
If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
<CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
This command is unbound by default.
<P>
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Keyboard Macros"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC20"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3>
<!--docid::SEC20::-->
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX156"></A>
<DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A>
Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX158"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX159"></A>
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and save the definition.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX160"></A>
<DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A>
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX162"></A>
<DT><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX163"></A>
Print the last keboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.
<P>
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Miscellaneous Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC21"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3>
<!--docid::SEC21::-->
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="IDX164"></A>
<DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX165"></A>
Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate
any bindings or variable assignments found there.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX166"></A>
<DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A>
Abort the current editing command and
ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
<CODE>bell-style</CODE>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX168"></A>
<DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX169"></A>
If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command
that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX170"></A>
<DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX171"></A>
Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards
without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing
<KBD>M-f</KBD>.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX172"></A>
<DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX173"></A>
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX174"></A>
<DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX175"></A>
Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE>
command enough times to get back to the beginning.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX176"></A>
<DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-~)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX177"></A>
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX178"></A>
<DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX179"></A>
Set the mark to the point. If a
numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX180"></A>
<DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX181"></A>
Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX182"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX184"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX185"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence
of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent
occurrences.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX186"></A>
<DT><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A>
Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those
defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a
Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this sequence is
bound to "\e[", keys producing such sequences will have no effect
unless explicitly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting
stray characters into the editing buffer. This is unbound by default,
but usually bound to ESC-[.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX188"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A>
Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value
of <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>, the value is inserted, otherwise
the characters in <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> are deleted from the beginning of
the line.
In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX190"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A>
Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX192"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A>
Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX194"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A>
Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX196"></A>
<DT><CODE>emacs-editing-mode (C-e)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A>
When in <CODE>vi</CODE> command mode, this causes a switch to <CODE>emacs</CODE>
editing mode.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX198"></A>
<DT><CODE>vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A>
When in <CODE>emacs</CODE> editing mode, this causes a switch to <CODE>vi</CODE>
editing mode.
<P>
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline vi Mode"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC22"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.5 Readline vi Mode </H2>
<!--docid::SEC22::-->
<P>
While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE>
editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing
of the line. The Readline <CODE>vi</CODE> mode behaves as specified in
the POSIX standard.
</P><P>
In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE>
editing modes, use the command <KBD>M-C-j</KBD> (bound to emacs-editing-mode
when in <CODE>vi</CODE> mode and to vi-editing-mode in <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode).
The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode.
</P><P>
When you enter a line in <CODE>vi</CODE> mode, you are already placed in
`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an <SAMP>`i'</SAMP>. Pressing <KBD>ESC</KBD>
switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the
line with the standard <CODE>vi</CODE> movement keys, move to previous
history lines with <SAMP>`k'</SAMP> and subsequent lines with <SAMP>`j'</SAMP>, and
so forth.
</P><P>
<A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC23"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> A. GNU Free Documentation License </H1>
<!--docid::SEC23::-->
<P>
<center>
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
</center>
</P><P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=display><pre style="font-family: serif">Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<A HREF="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</A>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<OL>
<LI>
PREAMBLE
<P>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document <EM>free</EM> in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
for modifications made by others.
</P><P>
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
</P><P>
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</P><P>
<LI>
APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
<P>
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
under copyright law.
</P><P>
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
</P><P>
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.
</P><P>
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
Sections then there are none.
</P><P>
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
</P><P>
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
</P><P>
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
format, <FONT SIZE="-1">SGML</FONT> or <FONT SIZE="-1">XML</FONT> using a publicly available
<FONT SIZE="-1">DTD</FONT>, and standard-conforming simple <FONT SIZE="-1">HTML</FONT>,
PostScript or <FONT SIZE="-1">PDF</FONT> designed for human modification. Examples
of transparent image formats include <FONT SIZE="-1">PNG</FONT>, <FONT SIZE="-1">XCF</FONT> and
<FONT SIZE="-1">JPG</FONT>. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <FONT SIZE="-1">SGML</FONT> or
<FONT SIZE="-1">XML</FONT> for which the <FONT SIZE="-1">DTD</FONT> and/or processing tools are
not generally available, and the machine-generated <FONT SIZE="-1">HTML</FONT>,
PostScript or <FONT SIZE="-1">PDF</FONT> produced by some word processors for
output purposes only.
</P><P>
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
</P><P>
The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies
of the Document to the public.
</P><P>
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"
of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
</P><P>
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
no effect on the meaning of this License.
</P><P>
<LI>
VERBATIM COPYING
<P>
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
</P><P>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.
</P><P>
<LI>
COPYING IN QUANTITY
<P>
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
as verbatim copying in other respects.
</P><P>
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.
</P><P>
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
a computer-network location from which the general network-using
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
edition to the public.
</P><P>
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</P><P>
<LI>
MODIFICATIONS
<P>
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
</P><P>
<OL>
<LI>
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
<P>
<LI>
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.
<P>
<LI>
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.
<P>
<LI>
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
<P>
<LI>
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
<P>
<LI>
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
<P>
<LI>
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
<P>
<LI>
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
<P>
<LI>
Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.
<P>
<LI>
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
<P>
<LI>
For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve
the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.
<P>
<LI>
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
<P>
<LI>
Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
<P>
<LI>
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or
to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
<P>
<LI>
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
</OL>
<P>
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
</P><P>
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
</P><P>
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
</P><P>
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
</P><P>
<LI>
COMBINING DOCUMENTS
<P>
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
</P><P>
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
</P><P>
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all
sections Entitled "Endorsements."
</P><P>
<LI>
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
<P>
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
</P><P>
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</P><P>
<LI>
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
<P>
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
</P><P>
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
aggregate.
</P><P>
<LI>
TRANSLATION
<P>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
</P><P>
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.
</P><P>
<LI>
TERMINATION
<P>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
</P><P>
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
60 days after the cessation.
</P><P>
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
</P><P>
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
not give you any rights to use it.
</P><P>
<LI>
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
<P>
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</A>.
</P><P>
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
Document.
</P><P>
<LI>
RELICENSING
<P>
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
site.
</P><P>
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
published by that same organization.
</P><P>
"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
in part, as part of another Document.
</P><P>
An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
</P><P>
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
</P><P>
</OL>
<P>
<A NAME="SEC24"></A>
<H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2>
<!--docid::SEC24::-->
<P>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:
</P><P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=smallexample><FONT SIZE=-1><pre> Copyright (C) <VAR>year</VAR> <VAR>your name</VAR>.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
</FONT></pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the "with<small>...</small>Texts." line with this:
</P><P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=smallexample><FONT SIZE=-1><pre> with the Invariant Sections being <VAR>list their titles</VAR>, with
the Front-Cover Texts being <VAR>list</VAR>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
being <VAR>list</VAR>.
</FONT></pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
</P><P>
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
to permit their use in free software.
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC_Contents"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Table of Contents</H1>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC1" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">1. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC2" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2">1.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC3" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3">1.2 Readline Interaction</A>
<BR>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC4" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4">1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC5" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5">1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC6" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6">1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC7" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7">1.2.4 Readline Arguments</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC8" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<A NAME="TOC9" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">1.3 Readline Init File</A>
<BR>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC10" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10">1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC11" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC12" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12">1.3.3 Sample Init File</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<A NAME="TOC13" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13">1.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
<A NAME="TOC14" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14">1.4.1 Commands For Moving</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC15" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15">1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC16" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16">1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC17" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17">1.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC18" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18">1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC19" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19">1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC20" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20">1.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC21" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21">1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<A NAME="TOC22" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22">1.5 Readline vi Mode</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<A NAME="TOC23" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23">A. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
</UL>
<HR SIZE=1>
<A NAME="SEC_OVERVIEW"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Short Table of Contents</H1>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="TOC1" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">1. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC23" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23">A. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR SIZE=1>
<A NAME="SEC_About"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>February, 11 2014</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
The buttons in the navigation panels have the following meaning:
<P></P>
<table border = "1">
<TR>
<TH> Button </TH>
<TH> Name </TH>
<TH> Go to </TH>
<TH> From 1.2.3 go to</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
[ < ] </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
Back
</TD>
<TD>
previous section in reading order
</TD>
<TD>
1.2.2
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
[ > ] </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
Forward
</TD>
<TD>
next section in reading order
</TD>
<TD>
1.2.4
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
[ << ] </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
FastBack
</TD>
<TD>
previous or up-and-previous section
</TD>
<TD>
1.1
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
[ Up ] </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
Up
</TD>
<TD>
up section
</TD>
<TD>
1.2
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
[ >> ] </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
FastForward
</TD>
<TD>
next or up-and-next section
</TD>
<TD>
1.3
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
[Top] </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
Top
</TD>
<TD>
cover (top) of document
</TD>
<TD>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
[Contents] </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
Contents
</TD>
<TD>
table of contents
</TD>
<TD>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
[Index] </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
Index
</TD>
<TD>
concept index
</TD>
<TD>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
[ ? ] </TD>
<TD ALIGN="CENTER">
About
</TD>
<TD>
this page
</TD>
<TD>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P></P>
where the <STRONG> Example </STRONG> assumes that the current position
is at <STRONG> Subsubsection One-Two-Three </STRONG> of a document of
the following structure:
<UL>
<LI> 1. Section One </LI>
<UL>
<LI>1.1 Subsection One-One</LI>
<UL>
<LI> ... </LI>
</UL>
<LI>1.2 Subsection One-Two</LI>
<UL>
<LI>1.2.1 Subsubsection One-Two-One
</LI><LI>1.2.2 Subsubsection One-Two-Two
</LI><LI>1.2.3 Subsubsection One-Two-Three <STRONG>
<== Current Position </STRONG>
</LI><LI>1.2.4 Subsubsection One-Two-Four
</LI></UL>
<LI>1.3 Subsection One-Three</LI>
<UL>
<LI> ... </LI>
</UL>
<LI>1.4 Subsection One-Four</LI>
</UL>
</UL>
<HR SIZE=1>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>February, 11 2014</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
