summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/src/gui/image/qimagewriter.cpp
blob: ac1eb592b17fe93acdf28a04440811372f54f107 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2013 Digia Plc and/or its subsidiary(-ies).
** Contact: http://www.qt-project.org/legal
**
** This file is part of the QtGui module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:LGPL$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and Digia.  For licensing terms and
** conditions see http://qt.digia.com/licensing.  For further information
** use the contact form at http://qt.digia.com/contact-us.
**
** GNU Lesser General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU Lesser
** General Public License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.LGPL included in the
** packaging of this file.  Please review the following information to
** ensure the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1 requirements
** will be met: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.1.html.
**
** In addition, as a special exception, Digia gives you certain additional
** rights.  These rights are described in the Digia Qt LGPL Exception
** version 1.1, included in the file LGPL_EXCEPTION.txt in this package.
**
** GNU General Public License Usage
** Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU
** General Public License version 3.0 as published by the Free Software
** Foundation and appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL included in the
** packaging of this file.  Please review the following information to
** ensure the GNU General Public License version 3.0 requirements will be
** met: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html.
**
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/

/*!
    \class QImageWriter
    \brief The QImageWriter class provides a format independent interface
    for writing images to files or other devices.

    \reentrant
    \ingroup painting
    \ingroup io

    QImageWriter supports setting format specific options, such as the
    gamma level, compression level and quality, prior to storing the
    image. If you do not need such options, you can use QImage::save()
    or QPixmap::save() instead.

    To store an image, you start by constructing a QImageWriter
    object.  Pass either a file name or a device pointer, and the
    image format to QImageWriter's constructor. You can then set
    several options, such as the gamma level (by calling setGamma())
    and quality (by calling setQuality()). canWrite() returns true if
    QImageWriter can write the image (i.e., the image format is
    supported and the device is open for writing). Call write() to
    write the image to the device.

    If any error occurs when writing the image, write() will return
    false. You can then call error() to find the type of error that
    occurred, or errorString() to get a human readable description of
    what went wrong.

    Call supportedImageFormats() for a list of formats that
    QImageWriter can write. QImageWriter supports all built-in image
    formats, in addition to any image format plugins that support
    writing.

    \sa QImageReader, QImageIOHandler, QImageIOPlugin
*/

/*!
    \enum QImageWriter::ImageWriterError

    This enum describes errors that can occur when writing images with
    QImageWriter.

    \value DeviceError QImageWriter encountered a device error when
    writing the image data. Consult your device for more details on
    what went wrong.

    \value UnsupportedFormatError Qt does not support the requested
    image format.

    \value UnknownError An unknown error occurred. If you get this
    value after calling write(), it is most likely caused by a bug in
    QImageWriter.
*/

#include "qimagewriter.h"

#include <qbytearray.h>
#include <qfile.h>
#include <qfileinfo.h>
#include <qimageiohandler.h>
#include <qset.h>
#include <qvariant.h>

// factory loader
#include <qcoreapplication.h>
#include <private/qfactoryloader_p.h>

// image handlers
#include <private/qbmphandler_p.h>
#include <private/qppmhandler_p.h>
#include <private/qxbmhandler_p.h>
#include <private/qxpmhandler_p.h>
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_PNG
#include <private/qpnghandler_p.h>
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_JPEG
#include <private/qjpeghandler_p.h>
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_MNG
#include <private/qmnghandler_p.h>
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_TIFF
#include <private/qtiffhandler_p.h>
#endif
#ifdef QT_BUILTIN_GIF_READER
#include <private/qgifhandler_p.h>
#endif

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE

#ifndef QT_NO_LIBRARY
Q_GLOBAL_STATIC_WITH_ARGS(QFactoryLoader, loader,
                          (QImageIOHandlerFactoryInterface_iid, QLatin1String("/imageformats")))
#endif

static QImageIOHandler *createWriteHandlerHelper(QIODevice *device,
    const QByteArray &format)
{
    QByteArray form = format.toLower();
    QByteArray suffix;
    QImageIOHandler *handler = 0;

#ifndef QT_NO_LIBRARY
    // check if any plugins can write the image
    QFactoryLoader *l = loader();
    QStringList keys = l->keys();
    int suffixPluginIndex = -1;
#endif

    if (device && format.isEmpty()) {
        // if there's no format, see if \a device is a file, and if so, find
        // the file suffix and find support for that format among our plugins.
        // this allows plugins to override our built-in handlers.
        if (QFile *file = qobject_cast<QFile *>(device)) {
            if (!(suffix = QFileInfo(file->fileName()).suffix().toLower().toLatin1()).isEmpty()) {
#ifndef QT_NO_LIBRARY
                int index = keys.indexOf(QString::fromLatin1(suffix));
                if (index != -1)
                    suffixPluginIndex = index;
#endif
            }
        }
    }

    QByteArray testFormat = !form.isEmpty() ? form : suffix;

#ifndef QT_NO_LIBRARY
    if (suffixPluginIndex != -1) {
        // when format is missing, check if we can find a plugin for the
        // suffix.
        QImageIOPlugin *plugin = qobject_cast<QImageIOPlugin *>(l->instance(QString::fromLatin1(suffix)));
        if (plugin && (plugin->capabilities(device, suffix) & QImageIOPlugin::CanWrite))
            handler = plugin->create(device, suffix);
    }
#endif // QT_NO_LIBRARY

    // check if any built-in handlers can write the image
    if (!handler && !testFormat.isEmpty()) {
        if (false) {
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_PNG
        } else if (testFormat == "png") {
            handler = new QPngHandler;
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_JPEG
        } else if (testFormat == "jpg" || testFormat == "jpeg") {
            handler = new QJpegHandler;
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_MNG
        } else if (testFormat == "mng") {
            handler = new QMngHandler;
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_TIFF
        } else if (testFormat == "tif" || testFormat == "tiff") {
            handler = new QTiffHandler;
#endif
#ifdef QT_BUILTIN_GIF_READER
        } else if (testFormat == "gif") {
            handler = new QGifHandler;
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_BMP
        } else if (testFormat == "bmp") {
            handler = new QBmpHandler;
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_XPM
        } else if (testFormat == "xpm") {
            handler = new QXpmHandler;
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_XBM
        } else if (testFormat == "xbm") {
            handler = new QXbmHandler;
            handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::SubType, testFormat);
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_PPM
        } else if (testFormat == "pbm" || testFormat == "pbmraw" || testFormat == "pgm"
                 || testFormat == "pgmraw" || testFormat == "ppm" || testFormat == "ppmraw") {
            handler = new QPpmHandler;
            handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::SubType, testFormat);
#endif
        }
    }

#ifndef QT_NO_LIBRARY
    if (!testFormat.isEmpty()) {
        for (int i = 0; i < keys.size(); ++i) {
            QImageIOPlugin *plugin = qobject_cast<QImageIOPlugin *>(l->instance(keys.at(i)));
            if (plugin && (plugin->capabilities(device, testFormat) & QImageIOPlugin::CanWrite)) {
                delete handler;
                handler = plugin->create(device, testFormat);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
#endif // QT_NO_LIBRARY

    if (!handler)
        return 0;

    handler->setDevice(device);
    if (!testFormat.isEmpty())
        handler->setFormat(testFormat);
    return handler;
}

class QImageWriterPrivate
{
public:
    QImageWriterPrivate(QImageWriter *qq);

    // device
    QByteArray format;
    QIODevice *device;
    bool deleteDevice;
    QImageIOHandler *handler;

    // image options
    int quality;
    int compression;
    float gamma;
    QString description;
    QString text;

    // error
    QImageWriter::ImageWriterError imageWriterError;
    QString errorString;

    QImageWriter *q;
};

/*!
    \internal
*/
QImageWriterPrivate::QImageWriterPrivate(QImageWriter *qq)
{
    device = 0;
    deleteDevice = false;
    handler = 0;
    quality = -1;
    compression = 0;
    gamma = 0.0;
    imageWriterError = QImageWriter::UnknownError;
    errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(QImageWriter, QLatin1String("Unknown error"));

    q = qq;
}

/*!
    Constructs an empty QImageWriter object. Before writing, you must
    call setFormat() to set an image format, then setDevice() or
    setFileName().
*/
QImageWriter::QImageWriter()
    : d(new QImageWriterPrivate(this))
{
}

/*!
    Constructs a QImageWriter object using the device \a device and
    image format \a format.
*/
QImageWriter::QImageWriter(QIODevice *device, const QByteArray &format)
    : d(new QImageWriterPrivate(this))
{
    d->device = device;
    d->format = format;
}

/*!
    Constructs a QImageWriter objects that will write to a file with
    the name \a fileName, using the image format \a format. If \a
    format is not provided, QImageWriter will detect the image format
    by inspecting the extension of \a fileName.
*/
QImageWriter::QImageWriter(const QString &fileName, const QByteArray &format)
    : d(new QImageWriterPrivate(this))
{
    QFile *file = new QFile(fileName);
    d->device = file;
    d->deleteDevice = true;
    d->format = format;
}

/*!
    Destructs the QImageWriter object.
*/
QImageWriter::~QImageWriter()
{
    if (d->deleteDevice)
        delete d->device;
    delete d->handler;
    delete d;
}

/*!
    Sets the format QImageWriter will use when writing images, to \a
    format. \a format is a case insensitive text string. Example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_gui_image_qimagewriter.cpp 0

    You can call supportedImageFormats() for the full list of formats
    QImageWriter supports.

    \sa format()
*/
void QImageWriter::setFormat(const QByteArray &format)
{
    d->format = format;
}

/*!
    Returns the format QImageWriter uses for writing images.

    \sa setFormat()
*/
QByteArray QImageWriter::format() const
{
    return d->format;
}

/*!
    Sets QImageWriter's device to \a device. If a device has already
    been set, the old device is removed from QImageWriter and is
    otherwise left unchanged.

    If the device is not already open, QImageWriter will attempt to
    open the device in \l QIODevice::WriteOnly mode by calling
    open(). Note that this does not work for certain devices, such as
    QProcess, QTcpSocket and QUdpSocket, where more logic is required
    to open the device.

    \sa device(), setFileName()
*/
void QImageWriter::setDevice(QIODevice *device)
{
    if (d->device && d->deleteDevice)
        delete d->device;

    d->device = device;
    d->deleteDevice = false;
    delete d->handler;
    d->handler = 0;
}

/*!
    Returns the device currently assigned to QImageWriter, or 0 if no
    device has been assigned.
*/
QIODevice *QImageWriter::device() const
{
    return d->device;
}

/*!
    Sets the file name of QImageWriter to \a fileName. Internally,
    QImageWriter will create a QFile and open it in \l
    QIODevice::WriteOnly mode, and use this file when writing images.

    \sa fileName(), setDevice()
*/
void QImageWriter::setFileName(const QString &fileName)
{
    setDevice(new QFile(fileName));
    d->deleteDevice = true;
}

/*!
    If the currently assigned device is a QFile, or if setFileName()
    has been called, this function returns the name of the file
    QImageWriter writes to. Otherwise (i.e., if no device has been
    assigned or the device is not a QFile), an empty QString is
    returned.

    \sa setFileName(), setDevice()
*/
QString QImageWriter::fileName() const
{
    QFile *file = qobject_cast<QFile *>(d->device);
    return file ? file->fileName() : QString();
}

/*!
    This is an image format specific function that sets the quality
    level of the image to \a quality. For image formats that do not
    support setting the quality, this value is ignored.

    The value range of \a quality depends on the image format. For
    example, the "jpeg" format supports a quality range from 0 (low
    quality, high compression) to 100 (high quality, low compression).

    \sa quality()
*/
void QImageWriter::setQuality(int quality)
{
    d->quality = quality;
}

/*!
    Returns the quality level of the image.

    \sa setQuality()
*/
int QImageWriter::quality() const
{
    return d->quality;
}

/*!
    This is an image format specific function that set the compression
    of an image. For image formats that do not support setting the
    compression, this value is ignored.

    The value range of \a compression depends on the image format. For
    example, the "tiff" format supports two values, 0(no compression) and
    1(LZW-compression).

    \sa compression()
*/
void QImageWriter::setCompression(int compression)
{
    d->compression = compression;
}

/*!
    Returns the compression of the image.

    \sa setCompression()
*/
int QImageWriter::compression() const
{
    return d->compression;
}

/*!
    This is an image format specific function that sets the gamma
    level of the image to \a gamma. For image formats that do not
    support setting the gamma level, this value is ignored.

    The value range of \a gamma depends on the image format. For
    example, the "png" format supports a gamma range from 0.0 to 1.0.

    \sa quality()
*/
void QImageWriter::setGamma(float gamma)
{
    d->gamma = gamma;
}

/*!
    Returns the gamma level of the image.

    \sa setGamma()
*/
float QImageWriter::gamma() const
{
    return d->gamma;
}

/*!
    \obsolete

    Use setText() instead.

    This is an image format specific function that sets the
    description of the image to \a description. For image formats that
    do not support setting the description, this value is ignored.

    The contents of \a description depends on the image format.

    \sa description()
*/
void QImageWriter::setDescription(const QString &description)
{
    d->description = description;
}

/*!
    \obsolete

    Use QImageReader::text() instead.

    Returns the description of the image.

    \sa setDescription()
*/
QString QImageWriter::description() const
{
    return d->description;
}

/*!
    \since 4.1

    Sets the image text associated with the key \a key to
    \a text. This is useful for storing copyright information
    or other information about the image. Example:

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_gui_image_qimagewriter.cpp 1

    If you want to store a single block of data
    (e.g., a comment), you can pass an empty key, or use
    a generic key like "Description".

    The key and text will be embedded into the
    image data after calling write().

    Support for this option is implemented through
    QImageIOHandler::Description.

    \sa QImage::setText(), QImageReader::text()
*/
void QImageWriter::setText(const QString &key, const QString &text)
{
    if (!d->description.isEmpty())
        d->description += QLatin1String("\n\n");
    d->description += key.simplified() + QLatin1String(": ") + text.simplified();
}

/*!
    Returns true if QImageWriter can write the image; i.e., the image
    format is supported and the assigned device is open for reading.

    \sa write(), setDevice(), setFormat()
*/
bool QImageWriter::canWrite() const
{
    if (d->device && !d->handler && (d->handler = createWriteHandlerHelper(d->device, d->format)) == 0) {
        d->imageWriterError = QImageWriter::UnsupportedFormatError;
        d->errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(QImageWriter,
                                           QLatin1String("Unsupported image format"));
        return false;
    }
    if (d->device && !d->device->isOpen())
        d->device->open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
    if (!d->device || !d->device->isWritable()) {
        d->imageWriterError = QImageWriter::DeviceError;
        d->errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(QImageWriter,
                                           QLatin1String("Device not writable"));
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/*!
    Writes the image \a image to the assigned device or file
    name. Returns true on success; otherwise returns false. If the
    operation fails, you can call error() to find the type of error
    that occurred, or errorString() to get a human readable
    description of the error.

    \sa canWrite(), error(), errorString()
*/
bool QImageWriter::write(const QImage &image)
{
    if (!canWrite())
        return false;

    if (d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::Quality))
        d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::Quality, d->quality);
    if (d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::CompressionRatio))
        d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::CompressionRatio, d->compression);
    if (d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::Gamma))
        d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::Gamma, d->gamma);
    if (!d->description.isEmpty() && d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::Description))
        d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::Description, d->description);

    if (!d->handler->write(image))
        return false;
    if (QFile *file = qobject_cast<QFile *>(d->device))
        file->flush();
    return true;
}

/*!
    Returns the type of error that last occurred.

    \sa ImageWriterError, errorString()
*/
QImageWriter::ImageWriterError QImageWriter::error() const
{
    return d->imageWriterError;
}

/*!
    Returns a human readable description of the last error that occurred.

    \sa error()
*/
QString QImageWriter::errorString() const
{
    return d->errorString;
}

/*!
    \since 4.2

    Returns true if the writer supports \a option; otherwise returns
    false.

    Different image formats support different options. Call this function to
    determine whether a certain option is supported by the current format. For
    example, the PNG format allows you to embed text into the image's metadata
    (see text()).

    \snippet doc/src/snippets/code/src_gui_image_qimagewriter.cpp 2

    Options can be tested after the writer has been associated with a format.

    \sa QImageReader::supportsOption(), setFormat()
*/
bool QImageWriter::supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::ImageOption option) const
{
    if (!d->handler && (d->handler = createWriteHandlerHelper(d->device, d->format)) == 0) {
        d->imageWriterError = QImageWriter::UnsupportedFormatError;
        d->errorString = QT_TRANSLATE_NOOP(QImageWriter,
                                           QLatin1String("Unsupported image format"));
        return false;
    }

    return d->handler->supportsOption(option);
}

/*!
    Returns the list of image formats supported by QImageWriter.

    By default, Qt can write the following formats:

    \table
    \header \o Format \o Description
    \row    \o BMP    \o Windows Bitmap
    \row    \o JPG    \o Joint Photographic Experts Group
    \row    \o JPEG   \o Joint Photographic Experts Group
    \row    \o PNG    \o Portable Network Graphics
    \row    \o PPM    \o Portable Pixmap
    \row    \o TIFF   \o Tagged Image File Format
    \row    \o XBM    \o X11 Bitmap
    \row    \o XPM    \o X11 Pixmap
    \endtable

    Reading and writing SVG files is supported through Qt's
    \l{QtSvg Module}{SVG Module}.

    Note that the QApplication instance must be created before this function is
    called.

    \sa setFormat(), QImageReader::supportedImageFormats(), QImageIOPlugin
*/
QList<QByteArray> QImageWriter::supportedImageFormats()
{
    QSet<QByteArray> formats;
    formats << "bmp";
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_PPM
    formats << "ppm";
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_XBM
    formats << "xbm";
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_XPM
    formats << "xpm";
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_PNG
    formats << "png";
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_JPEG
    formats << "jpg" << "jpeg";
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_MNG
    formats << "mng";
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_TIFF
    formats << "tif" << "tiff";
#endif
#ifdef QT_BUILTIN_GIF_READER
    formats << "gif";
#endif

#ifndef QT_NO_LIBRARY
    QFactoryLoader *l = loader();
    QStringList keys = l->keys();
    for (int i = 0; i < keys.count(); ++i) {
        QImageIOPlugin *plugin = qobject_cast<QImageIOPlugin *>(l->instance(keys.at(i)));
        if (plugin && (plugin->capabilities(0, keys.at(i).toLatin1()) & QImageIOPlugin::CanWrite) != 0)
            formats << keys.at(i).toLatin1();
    }
#endif // QT_NO_LIBRARY

    QList<QByteArray> sortedFormats;
    for (QSet<QByteArray>::ConstIterator it = formats.constBegin(); it != formats.constEnd(); ++it)
        sortedFormats << *it;

    qSort(sortedFormats);
    return sortedFormats;
}

QT_END_NAMESPACE