diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'tz/europe')
| -rw-r--r-- | tz/europe | 474 |
1 files changed, 90 insertions, 384 deletions
@@ -303,8 +303,7 @@ # UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is # not clear that there was any practical significance to the change # from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this -# transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its -# fraction since our format cannot represent fractions. +# transition for now and just use the latter value. # "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that @@ -500,7 +499,7 @@ Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s +Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 @@ -538,7 +537,8 @@ Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 - Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + #STDOFF -0:25:21.1 +Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence @@ -961,6 +961,8 @@ Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Amsterdam +Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Luxembourg # Bosnia and Herzegovina # See Europe/Belgrade. @@ -1023,62 +1025,12 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 # End of rearguard section. 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT -# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. +Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava -# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland -# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): -# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... -# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 -# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. -# -# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: -# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 -# -# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes -# in subsequent decrees with the law -# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 -# -# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have -# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST -# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to -# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from -# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know -# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only -# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: -# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning -# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which -# was suspended on that night): -# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267 - -# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): -# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between -# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. - -# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): -# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not -# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. +# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland +# For Denmark see Europe/Berlin. -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - -Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - -# -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 - 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT @@ -1298,10 +1250,10 @@ Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - -# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); -# round to nearest. +# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document). # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF 1:39:49.2 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 @@ -1448,6 +1400,7 @@ Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Paris Europe/Monaco # Germany @@ -1491,21 +1444,11 @@ Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Berlin Arctic/Longyearbyen +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Copenhagen +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Oslo +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Stockholm -# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): -# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton -# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE -# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. -# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, -# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. -# -# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: -# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 - -# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): -# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. - -Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen # Georgia # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. @@ -1514,7 +1457,7 @@ Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen # Gibraltar # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s +Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1:00 - CET 1982 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1625,62 +1568,7 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1 1:00 EU CE%sT # Iceland -# -# From Adam David (1993-11-06): -# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. -# -# (1993-12-05): -# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of -# Iceland Almanak. -# -# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour -# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts -# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which -# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. -# -# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks -# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the -# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always -# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. -# -# (1993-12-10): -# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the -# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus -# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. -# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day -# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. -# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" -# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it -# might mean something else (???). -# -# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): -# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see -# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html -# -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - -# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - -# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - -# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week -Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 - -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s - 0:00 - GMT +# See Africa/Abidjan. # Italy # @@ -1796,19 +1684,19 @@ Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12 - 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean + 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:00u # Rome Mean 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican +Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino + # Kosovo # See Europe/Belgrade. -Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican -Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino - # Latvia # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): @@ -1892,16 +1780,7 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 2:00 EU EE%sT # Liechtenstein - -# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): -# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. - -# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04): -# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ... -# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow -# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did. - -Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz +# See Europe/Zurich. # Lithuania @@ -1957,40 +1836,7 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 EU EE%sT # Luxembourg -# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; -# go with Shanks & Pottenger. -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun - 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 - 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s - 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 - 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 - 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Brussels. # North Macedonia # See Europe/Belgrade. @@ -2009,7 +1855,7 @@ Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta +Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -2091,126 +1937,16 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 2:00 Moldova EE%sT # Monaco -# -# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): -# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at -# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf -# we read: ... -# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], -# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, -# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] -# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at -# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf -# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... -# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation -# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal -# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] -# -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 - 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Paris. # Montenegro # See Europe/Belgrade. # Netherlands - -# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, -# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. - -# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): -# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 -# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including -# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time -# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the -# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was -# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. -# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and -# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). -# -# (2001-04-08): -# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to -# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common -# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. -# -# (2001-04-09): -# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the -# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe -# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was -# actually followed. -# -# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to -# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of -# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most -# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically -# adopted Amsterdam mean time. -# -# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety -# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it -# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe -# Amsterdam mean time. - -# The data entries before 1945 are taken from -# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm - -# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): -# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for -# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. - -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time -Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time -Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week -# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. -Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - -Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - -# -# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted -# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer. -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 - 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 - 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Brussels. # Norway -# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & -# Pottenger. -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Berlin. # Svalbard & Jan Mayen @@ -2257,9 +1993,9 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. # -# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo +# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Berlin # for these regions. -Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen + # Poland @@ -2313,7 +2049,6 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) # https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. -# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett.... # # From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15): # article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...: @@ -2400,6 +2135,7 @@ Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S # # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 @@ -2408,9 +2144,13 @@ Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT -# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z. Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z. +# -2:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00 +# -1:00 Port %z 1983 Sep 25 1:00s +# -1:00 W-Eur %z 1992 Sep 27 1:00s +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk. -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s @@ -2422,11 +2162,14 @@ Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00 -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s +# End of rearguard section. 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u -1:00 EU -01/+00 -# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z. Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT +# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z. +# -1:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00 +# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk. -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s @@ -2436,6 +2179,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00 +# End of rearguard section. 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT @@ -2854,20 +2598,19 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. # -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): -# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched -# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. +# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21): +# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reported that central Crimea switched +# from Kyiv to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it -# changed in May. +# changed in May. This change evidently didn't last long; see below. 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 May -# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. - 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s +# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also said that Kerch is still like Kyiv. + 3:00 C-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s -# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. +# IATA SSIM (1997-09) said Crimea switched to EET/EEST. # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 @@ -3036,11 +2779,12 @@ Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. -# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. +# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9. # Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. # Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. # The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. + #STDOFF 4:02:32.9 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 @@ -3352,8 +3096,8 @@ Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District -# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): -# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time +# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21): +# Tomponsky and Ust-Maysky switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time # in 2011. # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): @@ -3478,8 +3222,8 @@ Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District -# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): -# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from +# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21): +# Oymyakonsky and the Kuril Islands switched from # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. # # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): @@ -3553,7 +3297,7 @@ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # North Macedonia Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia # Slovakia -Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava +# See Europe/Prague. # Slovenia # See Europe/Belgrade. @@ -3642,7 +3386,7 @@ Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16 +Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -3664,61 +3408,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden - -# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: -# -# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: -# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all -# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at -# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the -# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. -# -# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" -# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the -# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... -# -# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk -# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning -# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at -# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English -# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west -# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated -# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time -# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. -# -# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states -# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is -# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... -# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". -# -# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish -# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are -# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available -# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type -# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click -# the Sök-button). -# -# (2001-05-13): -# -# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 -# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show -# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some -# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already -# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another -# hour before the event took place. -# -# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. - -# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk -# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory. - -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 - 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time - 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 - 1:00 - CET 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Berlin. # Switzerland # From Howse: @@ -3812,6 +3502,19 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. +# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): +# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton +# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE +# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. +# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, +# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. +# +# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: +# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 +# +# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): +# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. + # Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - @@ -3820,6 +3523,9 @@ Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen +Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz + # Turkey @@ -4028,7 +3734,7 @@ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # Ukraine # -# From Alois Triendl (2014-03-01): +# From Alois Treindl (2014-03-01): # REGULATION A N O V A on March 20, 1992 N 139 ... means that from # 1992 on, Ukraine had DST with begin time at 02:00 am, on last Sunday # in March, and end time 03:00 am, last Sunday in September.... @@ -4088,7 +3794,7 @@ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # The law documents themselves are at # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 -# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): +# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kyiv time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST @@ -4116,23 +3822,23 @@ Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm -# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-03): +# From Paul Eggert (2022-04-12): # As is usual in tzdb, Ukrainian zones use the most common English spellings. -# For example, tzdb uses Europe/Kiev, as "Kiev" is the most common spelling in -# English for Ukraine's capital, even though it is certainly wrong as a -# transliteration of the Ukrainian "Київ". This is similar to tzdb's use of -# Europe/Prague, which is certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech -# "Praha". ("Kiev" came from old Slavic via Russian to English, and "Prague" -# came from old Slavic via French to English, so the two cases have something -# in common.) Admittedly English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is -# controversial, and some day "Kyiv" may become substantially more popular in -# English; in the meantime, stick with the traditional English "Kiev" as that -# means less disruption for our users. +# In particular, tzdb's name Europe/Kyiv uses the most common spelling in +# English for Ukraine's capital. Although tzdb's former name was Europe/Kiev, +# "Kyiv" is now more common due to widespread reporting of the current conflict. +# Conversely, tzdb continues to use the names Europe/Uzhgorod and +# Europe/Zaporozhye; this is similar to tzdb's use of Europe/Prague, which is +# certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech "Praha". +# English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is in flux, and +# some day "Uzhhorod" or "Zaporizhzhia" may become substantially more +# common in English; in the meantime, do not change these +# English spellings as that means less disruption for our users. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -# This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kiev". -Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 - 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time +# This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kyiv". +Zone Europe/Kyiv 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 + 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kyiv Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 @@ -4155,7 +3861,7 @@ Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 2:00 EU EE%sT # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. -# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but +# "Zaporizhzhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in # portable Posix file names. |