- unit tests have been migrated from unittest to nose.

See README.unittests for information on how to run
the tests.  [ticket:970]

1 files changed, 1325 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/test/sql/test_query.py b/test/sql/test_query.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9305b615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/sql/test_query.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1325 @@
+import datetime
+from sqlalchemy import *
+from sqlalchemy import exc, sql
+from sqlalchemy.engine import default
+from sqlalchemy.test import *
+from sqlalchemy.test.testing import eq_
+
+class QueryTest(TestBase):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global users, users2, addresses, metadata
+        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
+        users = Table('query_users', metadata,
+            Column('user_id', INT, primary_key = True),
+            Column('user_name', VARCHAR(20)),
+        )
+        addresses = Table('query_addresses', metadata,
+            Column('address_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
+            Column('user_id', Integer, ForeignKey('query_users.user_id')),
+            Column('address', String(30)))
+            
+        users2 = Table('u2', metadata,
+            Column('user_id', INT, primary_key = True),
+            Column('user_name', VARCHAR(20)),
+        )
+        metadata.create_all()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        addresses.delete().execute()
+        users.delete().execute()
+        users2.delete().execute()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def teardown_class(cls):
+        metadata.drop_all()
+
+    def test_insert(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        assert users.count().scalar() == 1
+
+    def test_insert_heterogeneous_params(self):
+        users.insert().execute(
+            {'user_id':7, 'user_name':'jack'},
+            {'user_id':8, 'user_name':'ed'},
+            {'user_id':9}
+        )
+        assert users.select().execute().fetchall() == [(7, 'jack'), (8, 'ed'), (9, None)]
+
+    def test_update(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        assert users.count().scalar() == 1
+
+        users.update(users.c.user_id == 7).execute(user_name = 'fred')
+        assert users.select(users.c.user_id==7).execute().fetchone()['user_name'] == 'fred'
+
+    def test_lastrow_accessor(self):
+        """Tests the last_inserted_ids() and lastrow_has_id() functions."""
+
+        def insert_values(table, values):
+            """
+            Inserts a row into a table, returns the full list of values
+            INSERTed including defaults that fired off on the DB side and
+            detects rows that had defaults and post-fetches.
+            """
+
+            result = table.insert().execute(**values)
+            ret = values.copy()
+            
+            for col, id in zip(table.primary_key, result.last_inserted_ids()):
+                ret[col.key] = id
+
+            if result.lastrow_has_defaults():
+                criterion = and_(*[col==id for col, id in zip(table.primary_key, result.last_inserted_ids())])
+                row = table.select(criterion).execute().fetchone()
+                for c in table.c:
+                    ret[c.key] = row[c]
+            return ret
+
+        for supported, table, values, assertvalues in [
+            (
+                {'unsupported':['sqlite']},
+                Table("t1", metadata,
+                    Column('id', Integer, Sequence('t1_id_seq', optional=True), primary_key=True),
+                    Column('foo', String(30), primary_key=True)),
+                {'foo':'hi'},
+                {'id':1, 'foo':'hi'}
+            ),
+            (
+                {'unsupported':['sqlite']},
+                Table("t2", metadata,
+                    Column('id', Integer, Sequence('t2_id_seq', optional=True), primary_key=True),
+                    Column('foo', String(30), primary_key=True),
+                    Column('bar', String(30), server_default='hi')
+                ),
+                {'foo':'hi'},
+                {'id':1, 'foo':'hi', 'bar':'hi'}
+            ),
+            (
+                {'unsupported':[]},
+                Table("t3", metadata,
+                    Column("id", String(40), primary_key=True),
+                    Column('foo', String(30), primary_key=True),
+                    Column("bar", String(30))
+                    ),
+                    {'id':'hi', 'foo':'thisisfoo', 'bar':"thisisbar"},
+                    {'id':'hi', 'foo':'thisisfoo', 'bar':"thisisbar"}
+            ),
+            (
+                {'unsupported':[]},
+                Table("t4", metadata,
+                    Column('id', Integer, Sequence('t4_id_seq', optional=True), primary_key=True),
+                    Column('foo', String(30), primary_key=True),
+                    Column('bar', String(30), server_default='hi')
+                ),
+                {'foo':'hi', 'id':1},
+                {'id':1, 'foo':'hi', 'bar':'hi'}
+            ),
+            (
+                {'unsupported':[]},
+                Table("t5", metadata,
+                    Column('id', String(10), primary_key=True),
+                    Column('bar', String(30), server_default='hi')
+                ),
+                {'id':'id1'},
+                {'id':'id1', 'bar':'hi'},
+            ),
+        ]:
+            if testing.db.name in supported['unsupported']:
+                continue
+            try:
+                table.create()
+                i = insert_values(table, values)
+                assert i == assertvalues, repr(i) + " " + repr(assertvalues)
+            finally:
+                table.drop()
+
+    def test_row_iteration(self):
+        users.insert().execute(
+            {'user_id':7, 'user_name':'jack'},
+            {'user_id':8, 'user_name':'ed'},
+            {'user_id':9, 'user_name':'fred'},
+        )
+        r = users.select().execute()
+        l = []
+        for row in r:
+            l.append(row)
+        self.assert_(len(l) == 3)
+
+    @testing.fails_on('firebird', 'Data type unknown')
+    @testing.requires.subqueries
+    def test_anonymous_rows(self):
+        users.insert().execute(
+            {'user_id':7, 'user_name':'jack'},
+            {'user_id':8, 'user_name':'ed'},
+            {'user_id':9, 'user_name':'fred'},
+        )
+
+        sel = select([users.c.user_id]).where(users.c.user_name=='jack').as_scalar()
+        for row in select([sel + 1, sel + 3], bind=users.bind).execute():
+            assert row['anon_1'] == 8
+            assert row['anon_2'] == 10
+
+    def test_order_by_label(self):
+        """test that a label within an ORDER BY works on each backend.
+        
+        simple labels in ORDER BYs now render as the actual labelname 
+        which not every database supports.
+        
+        """
+        users.insert().execute(
+            {'user_id':7, 'user_name':'jack'},
+            {'user_id':8, 'user_name':'ed'},
+            {'user_id':9, 'user_name':'fred'},
+        )
+        
+        concat = ("test: " + users.c.user_name).label('thedata')
+        eq_(
+            select([concat]).order_by(concat).execute().fetchall(),
+            [("test: ed",), ("test: fred",), ("test: jack",)]
+        )
+
+        concat = ("test: " + users.c.user_name).label('thedata')
+        eq_(
+            select([concat]).order_by(desc(concat)).execute().fetchall(),
+            [("test: jack",), ("test: fred",), ("test: ed",)]
+        )
+
+        concat = ("test: " + users.c.user_name).label('thedata')
+        eq_(
+            select([concat]).order_by(concat + "x").execute().fetchall(),
+            [("test: ed",), ("test: fred",), ("test: jack",)]
+        )
+        
+        
+    def test_row_comparison(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        rp = users.select().execute().fetchone()
+
+        self.assert_(rp == rp)
+        self.assert_(not(rp != rp))
+
+        equal = (7, 'jack')
+
+        self.assert_(rp == equal)
+        self.assert_(equal == rp)
+        self.assert_(not (rp != equal))
+        self.assert_(not (equal != equal))
+
+    @testing.fails_on('mssql', 'No support for boolean logic in column select.')
+    @testing.fails_on('oracle', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_or_and_as_columns(self):
+        true, false = literal(True), literal(False)
+        
+        eq_(testing.db.execute(select([and_(true, false)])).scalar(), False)
+        eq_(testing.db.execute(select([and_(true, true)])).scalar(), True)
+        eq_(testing.db.execute(select([or_(true, false)])).scalar(), True)
+        eq_(testing.db.execute(select([or_(false, false)])).scalar(), False)
+        eq_(testing.db.execute(select([not_(or_(false, false))])).scalar(), True)
+
+        row = testing.db.execute(select([or_(false, false).label("x"), and_(true, false).label("y")])).fetchone()
+        assert row.x == False
+        assert row.y == False
+
+        row = testing.db.execute(select([or_(true, false).label("x"), and_(true, false).label("y")])).fetchone()
+        assert row.x == True
+        assert row.y == False
+        
+    def test_fetchmany(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 8, user_name = 'ed')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 9, user_name = 'fred')
+        r = users.select().execute()
+        l = []
+        for row in r.fetchmany(size=2):
+            l.append(row)
+        self.assert_(len(l) == 2, "fetchmany(size=2) got %s rows" % len(l))
+
+    def test_like_ops(self):
+        users.insert().execute(
+            {'user_id':1, 'user_name':'apples'},
+            {'user_id':2, 'user_name':'oranges'},
+            {'user_id':3, 'user_name':'bananas'},
+            {'user_id':4, 'user_name':'legumes'},
+            {'user_id':5, 'user_name':'hi % there'},
+        )
+
+        for expr, result in (
+            (select([users.c.user_id]).where(users.c.user_name.startswith('apple')), [(1,)]),
+            (select([users.c.user_id]).where(users.c.user_name.contains('i % t')), [(5,)]),
+            (select([users.c.user_id]).where(users.c.user_name.endswith('anas')), [(3,)]),
+        ):
+            eq_(expr.execute().fetchall(), result)
+    
+
+    @testing.emits_warning('.*now automatically escapes.*')
+    def test_percents_in_text(self):
+        for expr, result in (
+            (text("select 6 % 10"), 6),
+            (text("select 17 % 10"), 7),
+            (text("select '%'"), '%'),
+            (text("select '%%'"), '%%'),
+            (text("select '%%%'"), '%%%'),
+            (text("select 'hello % world'"), "hello % world")
+        ):
+            eq_(testing.db.scalar(expr), result)
+        
+    def test_ilike(self):
+        users.insert().execute(
+            {'user_id':1, 'user_name':'one'},
+            {'user_id':2, 'user_name':'TwO'},
+            {'user_id':3, 'user_name':'ONE'},
+            {'user_id':4, 'user_name':'OnE'},
+        )
+
+        eq_(select([users.c.user_id]).where(users.c.user_name.ilike('one')).execute().fetchall(), [(1, ), (3, ), (4, )])
+
+        eq_(select([users.c.user_id]).where(users.c.user_name.ilike('TWO')).execute().fetchall(), [(2, )])
+
+        if testing.against('postgres'):
+            eq_(select([users.c.user_id]).where(users.c.user_name.like('one')).execute().fetchall(), [(1, )])
+            eq_(select([users.c.user_id]).where(users.c.user_name.like('TWO')).execute().fetchall(), [])
+
+
+    def test_compiled_execute(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        s = select([users], users.c.user_id==bindparam('id')).compile()
+        c = testing.db.connect()
+        assert c.execute(s, id=7).fetchall()[0]['user_id'] == 7
+
+    def test_compiled_insert_execute(self):
+        users.insert().compile().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        s = select([users], users.c.user_id==bindparam('id')).compile()
+        c = testing.db.connect()
+        assert c.execute(s, id=7).fetchall()[0]['user_id'] == 7
+
+    def test_repeated_bindparams(self):
+        """Tests that a BindParam can be used more than once.
+
+        This should be run for DB-APIs with both positional and named
+        paramstyles.
+        """
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 8, user_name = 'fred')
+
+        u = bindparam('userid')
+        s = users.select(and_(users.c.user_name==u, users.c.user_name==u))
+        r = s.execute(userid='fred').fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 1
+
+    def test_bindparam_shortname(self):
+        """test the 'shortname' field on BindParamClause."""
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 8, user_name = 'fred')
+        u = bindparam('userid', shortname='someshortname')
+        s = users.select(users.c.user_name==u)
+        r = s.execute(someshortname='fred').fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 1
+
+    def test_bindparam_detection(self):
+        dialect = default.DefaultDialect(paramstyle='qmark')
+        prep = lambda q: str(sql.text(q).compile(dialect=dialect))
+
+        def a_eq(got, wanted):
+            if got != wanted:
+                print "Wanted %s" % wanted
+                print "Received %s" % got
+            self.assert_(got == wanted, got)
+
+        a_eq(prep('select foo'), 'select foo')
+        a_eq(prep("time='12:30:00'"), "time='12:30:00'")
+        a_eq(prep(u"time='12:30:00'"), u"time='12:30:00'")
+        a_eq(prep(":this:that"), ":this:that")
+        a_eq(prep(":this :that"), "? ?")
+        a_eq(prep("(:this),(:that :other)"), "(?),(? ?)")
+        a_eq(prep("(:this),(:that:other)"), "(?),(:that:other)")
+        a_eq(prep("(:this),(:that,:other)"), "(?),(?,?)")
+        a_eq(prep("(:that_:other)"), "(:that_:other)")
+        a_eq(prep("(:that_ :other)"), "(? ?)")
+        a_eq(prep("(:that_other)"), "(?)")
+        a_eq(prep("(:that$other)"), "(?)")
+        a_eq(prep("(:that$:other)"), "(:that$:other)")
+        a_eq(prep(".:that$ :other."), ".? ?.")
+
+        a_eq(prep(r'select \foo'), r'select \foo')
+        a_eq(prep(r"time='12\:30:00'"), r"time='12\:30:00'")
+        a_eq(prep(":this \:that"), "? :that")
+        a_eq(prep(r"(\:that$other)"), "(:that$other)")
+        a_eq(prep(r".\:that$ :other."), ".:that$ ?.")
+
+    def test_delete(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 8, user_name = 'fred')
+        print repr(users.select().execute().fetchall())
+
+        users.delete(users.c.user_name == 'fred').execute()
+
+        print repr(users.select().execute().fetchall())
+
+
+
+    @testing.exclude('mysql', '<', (5, 0, 37), 'database bug')
+    def test_scalar_select(self):
+        """test that scalar subqueries with labels get their type propagated to the result set."""
+        # mysql and/or mysqldb has a bug here, type isn't propagated for scalar
+        # subquery.
+        datetable = Table('datetable', metadata,
+            Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
+            Column('today', DateTime))
+        datetable.create()
+        try:
+            datetable.insert().execute(id=1, today=datetime.datetime(2006, 5, 12, 12, 0, 0))
+            s = select([datetable.alias('x').c.today]).as_scalar()
+            s2 = select([datetable.c.id, s.label('somelabel')])
+            #print s2.c.somelabel.type
+            assert isinstance(s2.execute().fetchone()['somelabel'], datetime.datetime)
+        finally:
+            datetable.drop()
+
+    def test_order_by(self):
+        """Exercises ORDER BY clause generation.
+
+        Tests simple, compound, aliased and DESC clauses.
+        """
+
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='c')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=2, user_name='b')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=3, user_name='a')
+
+        def a_eq(executable, wanted):
+            got = list(executable.execute())
+            eq_(got, wanted)
+
+        for labels in False, True:
+            a_eq(users.select(order_by=[users.c.user_id],
+                              use_labels=labels),
+                 [(1, 'c'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'a')])
+
+            a_eq(users.select(order_by=[users.c.user_name, users.c.user_id],
+                              use_labels=labels),
+                 [(3, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (1, 'c')])
+
+            a_eq(select([users.c.user_id.label('foo')],
+                        use_labels=labels,
+                        order_by=[users.c.user_id]),
+                 [(1,), (2,), (3,)])
+
+            a_eq(select([users.c.user_id.label('foo'), users.c.user_name],
+                        use_labels=labels,
+                        order_by=[users.c.user_name, users.c.user_id]),
+                 [(3, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (1, 'c')])
+
+            a_eq(users.select(distinct=True,
+                              use_labels=labels,
+                              order_by=[users.c.user_id]),
+                 [(1, 'c'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'a')])
+
+            a_eq(select([users.c.user_id.label('foo')],
+                        distinct=True,
+                        use_labels=labels,
+                        order_by=[users.c.user_id]),
+                 [(1,), (2,), (3,)])
+
+            a_eq(select([users.c.user_id.label('a'),
+                         users.c.user_id.label('b'),
+                         users.c.user_name],
+                        use_labels=labels,
+                        order_by=[users.c.user_id]),
+                 [(1, 1, 'c'), (2, 2, 'b'), (3, 3, 'a')])
+
+            a_eq(users.select(distinct=True,
+                              use_labels=labels,
+                              order_by=[desc(users.c.user_id)]),
+                 [(3, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (1, 'c')])
+
+            a_eq(select([users.c.user_id.label('foo')],
+                        distinct=True,
+                        use_labels=labels,
+                        order_by=[users.c.user_id.desc()]),
+                 [(3,), (2,), (1,)])
+
+    def test_column_accessor(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='john')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=2, user_name='jack')
+        addresses.insert().execute(address_id=1, user_id=2, address='foo@bar.com')
+
+        r = users.select(users.c.user_id==2).execute().fetchone()
+        self.assert_(r.user_id == r['user_id'] == r[users.c.user_id] == 2)
+        self.assert_(r.user_name == r['user_name'] == r[users.c.user_name] == 'jack')
+
+        r = text("select * from query_users where user_id=2", bind=testing.db).execute().fetchone()
+        self.assert_(r.user_id == r['user_id'] == r[users.c.user_id] == 2)
+        self.assert_(r.user_name == r['user_name'] == r[users.c.user_name] == 'jack')
+
+        # test slices
+        r = text("select * from query_addresses", bind=testing.db).execute().fetchone()
+        self.assert_(r[0:1] == (1,))
+        self.assert_(r[1:] == (2, 'foo@bar.com'))
+        self.assert_(r[:-1] == (1, 2))
+
+        # test a little sqlite weirdness - with the UNION, cols come back as "query_users.user_id" in cursor.description
+        r = text("select query_users.user_id, query_users.user_name from query_users "
+            "UNION select query_users.user_id, query_users.user_name from query_users", bind=testing.db).execute().fetchone()
+        self.assert_(r['user_id']) == 1
+        self.assert_(r['user_name']) == "john"
+
+        # test using literal tablename.colname
+        r = text('select query_users.user_id AS "query_users.user_id", query_users.user_name AS "query_users.user_name" from query_users', bind=testing.db).execute().fetchone()
+        self.assert_(r['query_users.user_id']) == 1
+        self.assert_(r['query_users.user_name']) == "john"
+
+    def test_row_as_args(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='john')
+        r = users.select(users.c.user_id==1).execute().fetchone()
+        users.delete().execute()
+        users.insert().execute(r)
+        assert users.select().execute().fetchall() == [(1, 'john')]
+    
+    def test_result_as_args(self):
+        users.insert().execute([dict(user_id=1, user_name='john'), dict(user_id=2, user_name='ed')])
+        r = users.select().execute()
+        users2.insert().execute(list(r))
+        assert users2.select().execute().fetchall() == [(1, 'john'), (2, 'ed')]
+        
+        users2.delete().execute()
+        r = users.select().execute()
+        users2.insert().execute(*list(r))
+        assert users2.select().execute().fetchall() == [(1, 'john'), (2, 'ed')]
+        
+    def test_ambiguous_column(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='john')
+        r = users.outerjoin(addresses).select().execute().fetchone()
+        try:
+            print r['user_id']
+            assert False
+        except exc.InvalidRequestError, e:
+            assert str(e) == "Ambiguous column name 'user_id' in result set! try 'use_labels' option on select statement." or \
+                   str(e) == "Ambiguous column name 'USER_ID' in result set! try 'use_labels' option on select statement."
+
+    @testing.requires.subqueries
+    def test_column_label_targeting(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=7, user_name='ed')
+
+        for s in (
+            users.select().alias('foo'),
+            users.select().alias(users.name),
+        ):
+            row = s.select(use_labels=True).execute().fetchone()
+            assert row[s.c.user_id] == 7
+            assert row[s.c.user_name] == 'ed'
+
+    def test_keys(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='foo')
+        r = users.select().execute().fetchone()
+        eq_([x.lower() for x in r.keys()], ['user_id', 'user_name'])
+
+    def test_items(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='foo')
+        r = users.select().execute().fetchone()
+        eq_([(x[0].lower(), x[1]) for x in r.items()], [('user_id', 1), ('user_name', 'foo')])
+
+    def test_len(self):
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='foo')
+        r = users.select().execute().fetchone()
+        eq_(len(r), 2)
+        r.close()
+        r = testing.db.execute('select user_name, user_id from query_users').fetchone()
+        eq_(len(r), 2)
+        r.close()
+        r = testing.db.execute('select user_name from query_users').fetchone()
+        eq_(len(r), 1)
+        r.close()
+
+    def test_cant_execute_join(self):
+        try:
+            users.join(addresses).execute()
+        except exc.ArgumentError, e:
+            assert str(e).startswith('Not an executable clause: ')
+
+
+
+    def test_column_order_with_simple_query(self):
+        # should return values in column definition order
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='foo')
+        r = users.select(users.c.user_id==1).execute().fetchone()
+        eq_(r[0], 1)
+        eq_(r[1], 'foo')
+        eq_([x.lower() for x in r.keys()], ['user_id', 'user_name'])
+        eq_(r.values(), [1, 'foo'])
+
+    def test_column_order_with_text_query(self):
+        # should return values in query order
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='foo')
+        r = testing.db.execute('select user_name, user_id from query_users').fetchone()
+        eq_(r[0], 'foo')
+        eq_(r[1], 1)
+        eq_([x.lower() for x in r.keys()], ['user_name', 'user_id'])
+        eq_(r.values(), ['foo', 1])
+
+    @testing.crashes('oracle', 'FIXME: unknown, varify not fails_on()')
+    @testing.crashes('firebird', 'An identifier must begin with a letter')
+    @testing.crashes('maxdb', 'FIXME: unknown, verify not fails_on()')
+    def test_column_accessor_shadow(self):
+        meta = MetaData(testing.db)
+        shadowed = Table('test_shadowed', meta,
+                         Column('shadow_id', INT, primary_key = True),
+                         Column('shadow_name', VARCHAR(20)),
+                         Column('parent', VARCHAR(20)),
+                         Column('row', VARCHAR(40)),
+                         Column('__parent', VARCHAR(20)),
+                         Column('__row', VARCHAR(20)),
+        )
+        shadowed.create(checkfirst=True)
+        try:
+            shadowed.insert().execute(shadow_id=1, shadow_name='The Shadow', parent='The Light', row='Without light there is no shadow', __parent='Hidden parent', __row='Hidden row')
+            r = shadowed.select(shadowed.c.shadow_id==1).execute().fetchone()
+            self.assert_(r.shadow_id == r['shadow_id'] == r[shadowed.c.shadow_id] == 1)
+            self.assert_(r.shadow_name == r['shadow_name'] == r[shadowed.c.shadow_name] == 'The Shadow')
+            self.assert_(r.parent == r['parent'] == r[shadowed.c.parent] == 'The Light')
+            self.assert_(r.row == r['row'] == r[shadowed.c.row] == 'Without light there is no shadow')
+            self.assert_(r['__parent'] == 'Hidden parent')
+            self.assert_(r['__row'] == 'Hidden row')
+            try:
+                print r.__parent, r.__row
+                self.fail('Should not allow access to private attributes')
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass # expected
+            r.close()
+        finally:
+            shadowed.drop(checkfirst=True)
+
+    def test_in_filtering(self):
+        """test the behavior of the in_() function."""
+
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 8, user_name = 'fred')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 9, user_name = None)
+
+        s = users.select(users.c.user_name.in_([]))
+        r = s.execute().fetchall()
+        # No username is in empty set
+        assert len(r) == 0
+
+        s = users.select(not_(users.c.user_name.in_([])))
+        r = s.execute().fetchall()
+        # All usernames with a value are outside an empty set
+        assert len(r) == 2
+
+        s = users.select(users.c.user_name.in_(['jack','fred']))
+        r = s.execute().fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 2
+
+        s = users.select(not_(users.c.user_name.in_(['jack','fred'])))
+        r = s.execute().fetchall()
+        # Null values are not outside any set
+        assert len(r) == 0
+
+        u = bindparam('search_key')
+
+        s = users.select(u.in_([]))
+        r = s.execute(search_key='john').fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 0
+        r = s.execute(search_key=None).fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 0
+
+        s = users.select(not_(u.in_([])))
+        r = s.execute(search_key='john').fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 3
+        r = s.execute(search_key=None).fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 0
+
+    @testing.fails_on('firebird', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    @testing.fails_on('maxdb', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    @testing.fails_on('oracle', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    @testing.fails_on('mssql', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_in_filtering_advanced(self):
+        """test the behavior of the in_() function when comparing against an empty collection."""
+
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 7, user_name = 'jack')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 8, user_name = 'fred')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id = 9, user_name = None)
+
+        s = users.select(users.c.user_name.in_([]) == True)
+        r = s.execute().fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 0
+        s = users.select(users.c.user_name.in_([]) == False)
+        r = s.execute().fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 2
+        s = users.select(users.c.user_name.in_([]) == None)
+        r = s.execute().fetchall()
+        assert len(r) == 1
+
+class PercentSchemaNamesTest(TestBase):
+    """tests using percent signs, spaces in table and column names.
+    
+    Doesn't pass for mysql, postgres, but this is really a 
+    SQLAlchemy bug - we should be escaping out %% signs for this
+    operation the same way we do for text() and column labels.
+    
+    """
+    @classmethod
+    @testing.crashes('mysql', 'mysqldb calls name % (params)')
+    @testing.crashes('postgres', 'postgres calls name % (params)')
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global percent_table, metadata
+        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
+        percent_table = Table('percent%table', metadata,
+            Column("percent%", Integer),
+            Column("%(oneofthese)s", Integer),
+            Column("spaces % more spaces", Integer),
+        )
+        metadata.create_all()
+
+    @classmethod
+    @testing.crashes('mysql', 'mysqldb calls name % (params)')
+    @testing.crashes('postgres', 'postgres calls name % (params)')
+    def teardown_class(cls):
+        metadata.drop_all()
+    
+    @testing.crashes('mysql', 'mysqldb calls name % (params)')
+    @testing.crashes('postgres', 'postgres calls name % (params)')
+    def test_roundtrip(self):
+        percent_table.insert().execute(
+            {'percent%':5, '%(oneofthese)s':7, 'spaces % more spaces':12},
+        )
+        percent_table.insert().execute(
+            {'percent%':7, '%(oneofthese)s':8, 'spaces % more spaces':11},
+            {'percent%':9, '%(oneofthese)s':9, 'spaces % more spaces':10},
+            {'percent%':11, '%(oneofthese)s':10, 'spaces % more spaces':9},
+        )
+        
+        for table in (percent_table, percent_table.alias()):
+            eq_(
+                table.select().order_by(table.c['%(oneofthese)s']).execute().fetchall(),
+                [
+                    (5, 7, 12),
+                    (7, 8, 11),
+                    (9, 9, 10),
+                    (11, 10, 9)
+                ]
+            )
+
+            eq_(
+                table.select().
+                    where(table.c['spaces % more spaces'].in_([9, 10])).
+                    order_by(table.c['%(oneofthese)s']).execute().fetchall(),
+                    [
+                        (9, 9, 10),
+                        (11, 10, 9)
+                    ]
+            )
+
+            result = table.select().order_by(table.c['%(oneofthese)s']).execute()
+            row = result.fetchone()
+            eq_(row[table.c['percent%']], 5)
+            eq_(row[table.c['%(oneofthese)s']], 7)
+            eq_(row[table.c['spaces % more spaces']], 12)
+            row = result.fetchone()
+            eq_(row['percent%'], 7)
+            eq_(row['%(oneofthese)s'], 8)
+            eq_(row['spaces % more spaces'], 11)
+            result.close()
+
+        percent_table.update().values({percent_table.c['%(oneofthese)s']:9, percent_table.c['spaces % more spaces']:15}).execute()
+
+        eq_(
+            percent_table.select().order_by(percent_table.c['%(oneofthese)s']).execute().fetchall(),
+            [
+                (5, 9, 15),
+                (7, 9, 15),
+                (9, 9, 15),
+                (11, 9, 15)
+            ]
+        )
+        
+        
+        
+class LimitTest(TestBase):
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global users, addresses, metadata
+        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
+        users = Table('query_users', metadata,
+            Column('user_id', INT, primary_key = True),
+            Column('user_name', VARCHAR(20)),
+        )
+        addresses = Table('query_addresses', metadata,
+            Column('address_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
+            Column('user_id', Integer, ForeignKey('query_users.user_id')),
+            Column('address', String(30)))
+        metadata.create_all()
+
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=1, user_name='john')
+        addresses.insert().execute(address_id=1, user_id=1, address='addr1')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=2, user_name='jack')
+        addresses.insert().execute(address_id=2, user_id=2, address='addr1')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=3, user_name='ed')
+        addresses.insert().execute(address_id=3, user_id=3, address='addr2')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=4, user_name='wendy')
+        addresses.insert().execute(address_id=4, user_id=4, address='addr3')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=5, user_name='laura')
+        addresses.insert().execute(address_id=5, user_id=5, address='addr4')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=6, user_name='ralph')
+        addresses.insert().execute(address_id=6, user_id=6, address='addr5')
+        users.insert().execute(user_id=7, user_name='fido')
+        addresses.insert().execute(address_id=7, user_id=7, address='addr5')
+        
+    @classmethod
+    def teardown_class(cls):
+        metadata.drop_all()
+
+    def test_select_limit(self):
+        r = users.select(limit=3, order_by=[users.c.user_id]).execute().fetchall()
+        self.assert_(r == [(1, 'john'), (2, 'jack'), (3, 'ed')], repr(r))
+
+    @testing.fails_on('maxdb', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_select_limit_offset(self):
+        """Test the interaction between limit and offset"""
+
+        r = users.select(limit=3, offset=2, order_by=[users.c.user_id]).execute().fetchall()
+        self.assert_(r==[(3, 'ed'), (4, 'wendy'), (5, 'laura')])
+        r = users.select(offset=5, order_by=[users.c.user_id]).execute().fetchall()
+        self.assert_(r==[(6, 'ralph'), (7, 'fido')])
+
+    def test_select_distinct_limit(self):
+        """Test the interaction between limit and distinct"""
+
+        r = sorted([x[0] for x in select([addresses.c.address]).distinct().limit(3).order_by(addresses.c.address).execute().fetchall()])
+        self.assert_(len(r) == 3, repr(r))
+        self.assert_(r[0] != r[1] and r[1] != r[2], repr(r))
+
+    @testing.fails_on('mssql', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_select_distinct_offset(self):
+        """Test the interaction between distinct and offset"""
+
+        r = sorted([x[0] for x in select([addresses.c.address]).distinct().offset(1).order_by(addresses.c.address).execute().fetchall()])
+        self.assert_(len(r) == 4, repr(r))
+        self.assert_(r[0] != r[1] and r[1] != r[2] and r[2] != [3], repr(r))
+
+    def test_select_distinct_limit_offset(self):
+        """Test the interaction between limit and limit/offset"""
+
+        r = select([addresses.c.address]).order_by(addresses.c.address).distinct().offset(2).limit(3).execute().fetchall()
+        self.assert_(len(r) == 3, repr(r))
+        self.assert_(r[0] != r[1] and r[1] != r[2], repr(r))
+
+class CompoundTest(TestBase):
+    """test compound statements like UNION, INTERSECT, particularly their ability to nest on
+    different databases."""
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global metadata, t1, t2, t3
+        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
+        t1 = Table('t1', metadata,
+            Column('col1', Integer, Sequence('t1pkseq'), primary_key=True),
+            Column('col2', String(30)),
+            Column('col3', String(40)),
+            Column('col4', String(30))
+            )
+        t2 = Table('t2', metadata,
+            Column('col1', Integer, Sequence('t2pkseq'), primary_key=True),
+            Column('col2', String(30)),
+            Column('col3', String(40)),
+            Column('col4', String(30)))
+        t3 = Table('t3', metadata,
+            Column('col1', Integer, Sequence('t3pkseq'), primary_key=True),
+            Column('col2', String(30)),
+            Column('col3', String(40)),
+            Column('col4', String(30)))
+        metadata.create_all()
+
+        t1.insert().execute([
+            dict(col2="t1col2r1", col3="aaa", col4="aaa"),
+            dict(col2="t1col2r2", col3="bbb", col4="bbb"),
+            dict(col2="t1col2r3", col3="ccc", col4="ccc"),
+        ])
+        t2.insert().execute([
+            dict(col2="t2col2r1", col3="aaa", col4="bbb"),
+            dict(col2="t2col2r2", col3="bbb", col4="ccc"),
+            dict(col2="t2col2r3", col3="ccc", col4="aaa"),
+        ])
+        t3.insert().execute([
+            dict(col2="t3col2r1", col3="aaa", col4="ccc"),
+            dict(col2="t3col2r2", col3="bbb", col4="aaa"),
+            dict(col2="t3col2r3", col3="ccc", col4="bbb"),
+        ])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def teardown_class(cls):
+        metadata.drop_all()
+
+    def _fetchall_sorted(self, executed):
+        return sorted([tuple(row) for row in executed.fetchall()])
+
+    @testing.requires.subqueries
+    def test_union(self):
+        (s1, s2) = (
+            select([t1.c.col3.label('col3'), t1.c.col4.label('col4')],
+                   t1.c.col2.in_(["t1col2r1", "t1col2r2"])),
+            select([t2.c.col3.label('col3'), t2.c.col4.label('col4')],
+                   t2.c.col2.in_(["t2col2r2", "t2col2r3"]))
+        )
+        u = union(s1, s2)
+
+        wanted = [('aaa', 'aaa'), ('bbb', 'bbb'), ('bbb', 'ccc'),
+                  ('ccc', 'aaa')]
+        found1 = self._fetchall_sorted(u.execute())
+        eq_(found1, wanted)
+
+        found2 = self._fetchall_sorted(u.alias('bar').select().execute())
+        eq_(found2, wanted)
+
+    def test_union_ordered(self):
+        (s1, s2) = (
+            select([t1.c.col3.label('col3'), t1.c.col4.label('col4')],
+                   t1.c.col2.in_(["t1col2r1", "t1col2r2"])),
+            select([t2.c.col3.label('col3'), t2.c.col4.label('col4')],
+                   t2.c.col2.in_(["t2col2r2", "t2col2r3"]))
+        )
+        u = union(s1, s2, order_by=['col3', 'col4'])
+
+        wanted = [('aaa', 'aaa'), ('bbb', 'bbb'), ('bbb', 'ccc'),
+                  ('ccc', 'aaa')]
+        eq_(u.execute().fetchall(), wanted)
+
+    @testing.fails_on('maxdb', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    @testing.requires.subqueries
+    def test_union_ordered_alias(self):
+        (s1, s2) = (
+            select([t1.c.col3.label('col3'), t1.c.col4.label('col4')],
+                   t1.c.col2.in_(["t1col2r1", "t1col2r2"])),
+            select([t2.c.col3.label('col3'), t2.c.col4.label('col4')],
+                   t2.c.col2.in_(["t2col2r2", "t2col2r3"]))
+        )
+        u = union(s1, s2, order_by=['col3', 'col4'])
+
+        wanted = [('aaa', 'aaa'), ('bbb', 'bbb'), ('bbb', 'ccc'),
+                  ('ccc', 'aaa')]
+        eq_(u.alias('bar').select().execute().fetchall(), wanted)
+
+    @testing.crashes('oracle', 'FIXME: unknown, verify not fails_on')
+    @testing.fails_on('mysql', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    @testing.fails_on('sqlite', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_union_all(self):
+        e = union_all(
+            select([t1.c.col3]),
+            union(
+                select([t1.c.col3]),
+                select([t1.c.col3]),
+            )
+        )
+
+        wanted = [('aaa',),('aaa',),('bbb',), ('bbb',), ('ccc',),('ccc',)]
+        found1 = self._fetchall_sorted(e.execute())
+        eq_(found1, wanted)
+
+        found2 = self._fetchall_sorted(e.alias('foo').select().execute())
+        eq_(found2, wanted)
+
+    @testing.crashes('firebird', 'Does not support intersect')
+    @testing.crashes('sybase', 'FIXME: unknown, verify not fails_on')
+    @testing.fails_on('mysql', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_intersect(self):
+        i = intersect(
+            select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4]),
+            select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4], t2.c.col4==t3.c.col3)
+        )
+
+        wanted = [('aaa', 'bbb'), ('bbb', 'ccc'), ('ccc', 'aaa')]
+
+        found1 = self._fetchall_sorted(i.execute())
+        eq_(found1, wanted)
+
+        found2 = self._fetchall_sorted(i.alias('bar').select().execute())
+        eq_(found2, wanted)
+
+    @testing.crashes('firebird', 'Does not support except')
+    @testing.crashes('oracle', 'FIXME: unknown, verify not fails_on')
+    @testing.crashes('sybase', 'FIXME: unknown, verify not fails_on')
+    @testing.fails_on('mysql', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_except_style1(self):
+        e = except_(union(
+            select([t1.c.col3, t1.c.col4]),
+            select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4]),
+            select([t3.c.col3, t3.c.col4]),
+        ), select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4]))
+
+        wanted = [('aaa', 'aaa'), ('aaa', 'ccc'), ('bbb', 'aaa'),
+                  ('bbb', 'bbb'), ('ccc', 'bbb'), ('ccc', 'ccc')]
+
+        found = self._fetchall_sorted(e.alias('bar').select().execute())
+        eq_(found, wanted)
+
+    @testing.crashes('firebird', 'Does not support except')
+    @testing.crashes('oracle', 'FIXME: unknown, verify not fails_on')
+    @testing.crashes('sybase', 'FIXME: unknown, verify not fails_on')
+    @testing.fails_on('mysql', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_except_style2(self):
+        e = except_(union(
+            select([t1.c.col3, t1.c.col4]),
+            select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4]),
+            select([t3.c.col3, t3.c.col4]),
+        ).alias('foo').select(), select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4]))
+
+        wanted = [('aaa', 'aaa'), ('aaa', 'ccc'), ('bbb', 'aaa'),
+                  ('bbb', 'bbb'), ('ccc', 'bbb'), ('ccc', 'ccc')]
+
+        found1 = self._fetchall_sorted(e.execute())
+        eq_(found1, wanted)
+
+        found2 = self._fetchall_sorted(e.alias('bar').select().execute())
+        eq_(found2, wanted)
+
+    @testing.crashes('firebird', 'Does not support except')
+    @testing.crashes('oracle', 'FIXME: unknown, verify not fails_on')
+    @testing.crashes('sybase', 'FIXME: unknown, verify not fails_on')
+    @testing.fails_on('mysql', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    @testing.fails_on('sqlite', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_except_style3(self):
+        # aaa, bbb, ccc - (aaa, bbb, ccc - (ccc)) = ccc
+        e = except_(
+            select([t1.c.col3]), # aaa, bbb, ccc
+            except_(
+                select([t2.c.col3]), # aaa, bbb, ccc
+                select([t3.c.col3], t3.c.col3 == 'ccc'), #ccc
+            )
+        )
+        eq_(e.execute().fetchall(), [('ccc',)])
+        eq_(e.alias('foo').select().execute().fetchall(),
+                          [('ccc',)])
+
+    @testing.crashes('firebird', 'Does not support intersect')
+    @testing.fails_on('mysql', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_composite(self):
+        u = intersect(
+            select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4]),
+            union(
+                select([t1.c.col3, t1.c.col4]),
+                select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4]),
+                select([t3.c.col3, t3.c.col4]),
+            ).alias('foo').select()
+        )
+        wanted = [('aaa', 'bbb'), ('bbb', 'ccc'), ('ccc', 'aaa')]
+        found = self._fetchall_sorted(u.execute())
+
+        eq_(found, wanted)
+
+    @testing.crashes('firebird', 'Does not support intersect')
+    @testing.fails_on('mysql', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_composite_alias(self):
+        ua = intersect(
+            select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4]),
+            union(
+                select([t1.c.col3, t1.c.col4]),
+                select([t2.c.col3, t2.c.col4]),
+                select([t3.c.col3, t3.c.col4]),
+            ).alias('foo').select()
+        ).alias('bar')
+
+        wanted = [('aaa', 'bbb'), ('bbb', 'ccc'), ('ccc', 'aaa')]
+        found = self._fetchall_sorted(ua.select().execute())
+        eq_(found, wanted)
+
+
+class JoinTest(TestBase):
+    """Tests join execution.
+
+    The compiled SQL emitted by the dialect might be ANSI joins or
+    theta joins ('old oracle style', with (+) for OUTER).  This test
+    tries to exercise join syntax and uncover any inconsistencies in
+    `JOIN rhs ON lhs.col=rhs.col` vs `rhs.col=lhs.col`.  At least one
+    database seems to be sensitive to this.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global metadata
+        global t1, t2, t3
+
+        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
+        t1 = Table('t1', metadata,
+                   Column('t1_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
+                   Column('name', String(32)))
+        t2 = Table('t2', metadata,
+                   Column('t2_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
+                   Column('t1_id', Integer, ForeignKey('t1.t1_id')),
+                   Column('name', String(32)))
+        t3 = Table('t3', metadata,
+                   Column('t3_id', Integer, primary_key=True),
+                   Column('t2_id', Integer, ForeignKey('t2.t2_id')),
+                   Column('name', String(32)))
+        metadata.drop_all()
+        metadata.create_all()
+
+        # t1.10 -> t2.20 -> t3.30
+        # t1.11 -> t2.21
+        # t1.12
+        t1.insert().execute({'t1_id': 10, 'name': 't1 #10'},
+                            {'t1_id': 11, 'name': 't1 #11'},
+                            {'t1_id': 12, 'name': 't1 #12'})
+        t2.insert().execute({'t2_id': 20, 't1_id': 10, 'name': 't2 #20'},
+                            {'t2_id': 21, 't1_id': 11, 'name': 't2 #21'})
+        t3.insert().execute({'t3_id': 30, 't2_id': 20, 'name': 't3 #30'})
+
+    @classmethod
+    def teardown_class(cls):
+        metadata.drop_all()
+
+    def assertRows(self, statement, expected):
+        """Execute a statement and assert that rows returned equal expected."""
+
+        found = sorted([tuple(row)
+                       for row in statement.execute().fetchall()])
+
+        eq_(found, sorted(expected))
+
+    def test_join_x1(self):
+        """Joins t1->t2."""
+
+        for criteria in (t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id, t2.c.t1_id==t1.c.t1_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id],
+                from_obj=[t1.join(t2, criteria)])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20), (11, 21)])
+
+    def test_join_x2(self):
+        """Joins t1->t2->t3."""
+
+        for criteria in (t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id, t2.c.t1_id==t1.c.t1_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id],
+                from_obj=[t1.join(t2, criteria)])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20), (11, 21)])
+
+    def test_outerjoin_x1(self):
+        """Outer joins t1->t2."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id],
+                from_obj=[t1.join(t2).join(t3, criteria)])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20)])
+
+    def test_outerjoin_x2(self):
+        """Outer joins t1->t2,t3."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                from_obj=[t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id). \
+                          outerjoin(t3, criteria)])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30), (11, 21, None), (12, None, None)])
+
+    def test_outerjoin_where_x2_t1(self):
+        """Outer joins t1->t2,t3, where on t1."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                t1.c.name == 't1 #10',
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                t1.c.t1_id < 12,
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30), (11, 21, None)])
+
+    def test_outerjoin_where_x2_t2(self):
+        """Outer joins t1->t2,t3, where on t2."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                t2.c.name == 't2 #20',
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                t2.c.t2_id < 29,
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30), (11, 21, None)])
+
+    def test_outerjoin_where_x2_t1t2(self):
+        """Outer joins t1->t2,t3, where on t1 and t2."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.name == 't1 #10', t2.c.name == 't2 #20'),
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.t1_id < 19, 29 > t2.c.t2_id),
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30), (11, 21, None)])
+
+    def test_outerjoin_where_x2_t3(self):
+        """Outer joins t1->t2,t3, where on t3."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                t3.c.name == 't3 #30',
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                t3.c.t3_id < 39,
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+    def test_outerjoin_where_x2_t1t3(self):
+        """Outer joins t1->t2,t3, where on t1 and t3."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.name == 't1 #10', t3.c.name == 't3 #30'),
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.t1_id < 19, t3.c.t3_id < 39),
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+    def test_outerjoin_where_x2_t1t2(self):
+        """Outer joins t1->t2,t3, where on t1 and t2."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.name == 't1 #10', t2.c.name == 't2 #20'),
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.t1_id < 12, t2.c.t2_id < 39),
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30), (11, 21, None)])
+
+    def test_outerjoin_where_x2_t1t2t3(self):
+        """Outer joins t1->t2,t3, where on t1, t2 and t3."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.name == 't1 #10',
+                     t2.c.name == 't2 #20',
+                     t3.c.name == 't3 #30'),
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.t1_id < 19,
+                     t2.c.t2_id < 29,
+                     t3.c.t3_id < 39),
+                from_obj=[(t1.outerjoin(t2, t1.c.t1_id==t2.c.t1_id).
+                           outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+    def test_mixed(self):
+        """Joins t1->t2, outer t2->t3."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                from_obj=[(t1.join(t2).outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            print expr
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30), (11, 21, None)])
+
+    def test_mixed_where(self):
+        """Joins t1->t2, outer t2->t3, plus a where on each table in turn."""
+
+        for criteria in (t2.c.t2_id==t3.c.t2_id, t3.c.t2_id==t2.c.t2_id):
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                t1.c.name == 't1 #10',
+                from_obj=[(t1.join(t2).outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                t2.c.name == 't2 #20',
+                from_obj=[(t1.join(t2).outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                t3.c.name == 't3 #30',
+                from_obj=[(t1.join(t2).outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.name == 't1 #10', t2.c.name == 't2 #20'),
+                from_obj=[(t1.join(t2).outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t2.c.name == 't2 #20', t3.c.name == 't3 #30'),
+                from_obj=[(t1.join(t2).outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+            expr = select(
+                [t1.c.t1_id, t2.c.t2_id, t3.c.t3_id],
+                and_(t1.c.name == 't1 #10',
+                     t2.c.name == 't2 #20',
+                     t3.c.name == 't3 #30'),
+                from_obj=[(t1.join(t2).outerjoin(t3, criteria))])
+            self.assertRows(expr, [(10, 20, 30)])
+
+
+class OperatorTest(TestBase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global metadata, flds
+        metadata = MetaData(testing.db)
+        flds = Table('flds', metadata,
+            Column('idcol', Integer, Sequence('t1pkseq'), primary_key=True),
+            Column('intcol', Integer),
+            Column('strcol', String(50)),
+            )
+        metadata.create_all()
+
+        flds.insert().execute([
+            dict(intcol=5, strcol='foo'),
+            dict(intcol=13, strcol='bar')
+        ])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def teardown_class(cls):
+        metadata.drop_all()
+
+    @testing.fails_on('maxdb', 'FIXME: unknown')
+    def test_modulo(self):
+        eq_(
+            select([flds.c.intcol % 3],
+                   order_by=flds.c.idcol).execute().fetchall(),
+            [(2,),(1,)]
+        )