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.. _gettingstarted:
===============================
Getting started with RDFLib
===============================
Installation
============
RDFLib is open source and is maintained in a
`GitHub <http://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib/>`_ repository. RDFLib releases, current and previous
are listed on `PyPi <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/rdflib/>`_
The best way to install RDFLib is to use ``pip`` (sudo as required):
.. code-block :: bash
$ pip install rdflib
If you want the latest code to run, clone the master branch of the GitHub repo and use that.
Support
=======
Usage support is available via questions tagged with ``[rdflib]`` on `StackOverflow <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/rdflib>`__
and development support, notifications and detailed discussion through the rdflib-dev group (mailing list):
http://groups.google.com/group/rdflib-dev
If you notice an bug or want to request an enhancement, please do so via our Issue Tracker in Github:
`<http://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib/issues>`_
How it all works
================
*The package uses various Python idioms
that offer an appropriate way to introduce RDF to a Python programmer
who hasn't worked with RDF before.*
The primary interface that RDFLib exposes for working with RDF is a
:class:`~rdflib.graph.Graph`.
RDFLib graphs are not sorted containers; they have ordinary ``set``
operations (e.g. :meth:`~rdflib.Graph.add` to add a triple) plus
methods that search triples and return them in arbitrary order.
RDFLib graphs also redefine certain built-in Python methods in order
to behave in a predictable way; they `emulate container types
<http://docs.python.org/release/2.5.2/ref/sequence-types.html>`_ and
are best thought of as a set of 3-item tuples ("triples", in RDF-speak):
.. code-block:: text
[
(subject0, predicate0, object0),
(subject1, predicate1, object1),
...
(subjectN, predicateN, objectN)
]
A tiny usage example:
.. code-block:: python
import rdflib
# create a Graph
g = rdflib.Graph()
# parse in an RDF file hosted on the Internet
result = g.parse("http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/card")
# loop through each triple in the graph (subj, pred, obj)
for subj, pred, obj in g:
# check if there is at least one triple in the Graph
if (subj, pred, obj) not in g:
raise Exception("It better be!")
# print the number of "triples" in the Graph
print("graph has {} statements.".format(len(g)))
# prints graph has 86 statements.
# print out the entire Graph in the RDF Turtle format
print(g.serialize(format="turtle").decode("utf-8"))
Here a :class:`~rdflib.graph.Graph` is created and then an RDF file online, Tim Berners-Lee's social network details, is
parsed into that graph. The ``print()`` statement uses the ``len()`` function to count the number of triples in the
graph.
A more extensive example:
.. code-block:: python
from rdflib import Graph, Literal, RDF, URIRef
# rdflib knows about some namespaces, like FOAF
from rdflib.namespace import FOAF , XSD
# create a Graph
g = Graph()
# Create an RDF URI node to use as the subject for multiple triples
donna = URIRef("http://example.org/donna")
# Add triples using store's add() method.
g.add((donna, RDF.type, FOAF.Person))
g.add((donna, FOAF.nick, Literal("donna", lang="ed")))
g.add((donna, FOAF.name, Literal("Donna Fales")))
g.add((donna, FOAF.mbox, URIRef("mailto:donna@example.org")))
# Add another person
ed = URIRef("http://example.org/edward")
# Add triples using store's add() method.
g.add((ed, RDF.type, FOAF.Person))
g.add((ed, FOAF.nick, Literal("ed", datatype=XSD.string)))
g.add((ed, FOAF.name, Literal("Edward Scissorhands")))
g.add((ed, FOAF.mbox, URIRef("mailto:e.scissorhands@example.org")))
# Iterate over triples in store and print them out.
print("--- printing raw triples ---")
for s, p, o in g:
print((s, p, o))
# For each foaf:Person in the store, print out their mbox property's value.
print("--- printing mboxes ---")
for person in g.subjects(RDF.type, FOAF.Person):
for mbox in g.objects(person, FOAF.mbox):
print(mbox)
# Bind the FOAF namespace to a prefix for more readable output
g.bind("foaf", FOAF)
# print all the data in the Notation3 format
print("--- printing mboxes ---")
print(g.serialize(format='n3').decode("utf-8"))
More examples
=============
There are many more :doc:`examples <apidocs/examples>` in the :file:`examples` folder in the source distribution.
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