path: root/pint/default_en.txt

# Default Pint units definition file
# Based on the International System of Units
# Language: english
# :copyright: 2013 by Pint Authors, see AUTHORS for more details.

@defaults
    group = international
    system = mks
@end

# decimal prefixes
yocto- = 1e-24 = y-
zepto- = 1e-21 = z-
atto- =  1e-18 = a-
femto- = 1e-15 = f-
pico- =  1e-12 = p-
nano- =  1e-9  = n-
micro- = 1e-6  = u- = µ-
milli- = 1e-3  = m-
centi- = 1e-2  = c-
deci- =  1e-1  = d-
deca- =  1e+1  = da-
hecto- = 1e2   = h-
kilo- =  1e3   = k-
mega- =  1e6   = M-
giga- =  1e9   = G-
tera- =  1e12  = T-
peta- =  1e15  = P-
exa- =   1e18  = E-
zetta- = 1e21  = Z-
yotta- = 1e24  = Y-

# binary_prefixes
kibi- = 2**10 = Ki-
mebi- = 2**20 = Mi-
gibi- = 2**30 = Gi-
tebi- = 2**40 = Ti-
pebi- = 2**50 = Pi-
exbi- = 2**60 = Ei-
zebi- = 2**70 = Zi-
yobi- = 2**80 = Yi-

# reference
meter = [length] = m = metre
second = [time] = s = sec
ampere = [current] = A = amp
candela = [luminosity] = cd = candle
gram = [mass] = g
mole = [substance] = mol
kelvin = [temperature]; offset: 0 = K = degK
radian = [] = rad
bit = []
count = []

@import constants_en.txt

# acceleration
[acceleration] = [length] / [time] ** 2

# Angle
turn = 2 * pi * radian = revolution = cycle = circle
degree = pi / 180 * radian = deg = arcdeg = arcdegree = angular_degree
arcminute = arcdeg / 60 = arcmin = arc_minute = angular_minute
arcsecond = arcmin / 60 =  arcsec = arc_second = angular_second
steradian = radian ** 2 = sr

# Area
[area] = [length] ** 2
are = 100 * m**2
barn = 1e-28 * m ** 2 = b
cmil = 5.067075e-10 * m ** 2 = circular_mils
darcy = 9.869233e-13 * m ** 2
hectare = 100 * are = ha

# EM
esu = 1 * erg**0.5 * centimeter**0.5 = statcoulombs = statC = franklin = Fr
esu_per_second = 1 * esu / second = statampere
ampere_turn = 1 * A
gilbert = 10 / (4 * pi ) * ampere_turn
coulomb = ampere * second = C
volt = joule / coulomb = V
farad = coulomb / volt = F
ohm = volt / ampere = Ω
siemens = ampere / volt = S = mho
weber = volt * second = Wb
tesla = weber / meter ** 2 = T
henry = weber / ampere = H
elementary_charge = 1.602176487e-19 * coulomb = e
chemical_faraday = 9.64957e4 * coulomb
physical_faraday = 9.65219e4 * coulomb
faraday =  96485.3399 * coulomb = C12_faraday
gamma = 1e-9 * tesla
gauss = 1e-4 * tesla
maxwell = 1e-8 * weber = mx
oersted = 1000 / (4 * pi) * A / m = Oe
statfarad = 1.112650e-12 * farad = statF = stF
stathenry = 8.987554e11 * henry = statH = stH
statmho = 1.112650e-12 * siemens = statS = stS
statohm = 8.987554e11 * ohm
statvolt = 2.997925e2 * volt = statV = stV
unit_pole = 1.256637e-7 * weber

# Energy
[energy] = [force] * [length]
joule = newton * meter = J
erg = dyne * centimeter
btu = 1.05505585262e3 * joule = Btu = BTU = british_thermal_unit
electron_volt = 1.60217653e-19 * J = eV
quadrillion_btu = 10**15 * btu = quad
thm = 100000 * BTU = therm = EC_therm
cal = 4.184 * joule = calorie = thermochemical_calorie
international_steam_table_calorie = 4.1868 * joule
ton_TNT = 4.184e9 * joule = tTNT
US_therm = 1.054804e8 * joule
watt_hour = watt * hour = Wh = watthour
hartree = 4.35974394e-18 * joule = E_h = hartree_energy

# Force
[force] = [mass] * [acceleration]
newton = kilogram * meter / second ** 2 = N
dyne = gram * centimeter / second ** 2 = dyn
force_kilogram = g_0 * kilogram = kgf = kilogram_force = pond
force_gram = g_0 * gram = gf = gram_force
force_ounce = g_0 * ounce = ozf = ounce_force
force_pound = g_0 * lb = lbf = pound_force
force_ton = 2000 * force_pound = ton_force
poundal = lb * feet / second ** 2 = pdl
kip = 1000*lbf

# Frequency
[frequency] = 1 / [time]
hertz = 1 / second = Hz = rps
revolutions_per_minute = revolution / minute = rpm
counts_per_second = count / second = cps

# Heat
#RSI = degK * meter ** 2 / watt
#clo = 0.155 * RSI = clos
#R_value = foot ** 2 * degF * hour / btu

# Information
byte = 8 * bit = B = octet
baud = bit / second = Bd = bps

# Irradiance
peak_sun_hour = 1000 * watt_hour / meter**2 = PSH
langley = thermochemical_calorie / centimeter**2 = Langley

# Length
angstrom = 1e-10 * meter = Å = ångström = Å
parsec = 3.08568025e16 * meter = pc
light_year = speed_of_light * julian_year = ly = lightyear
astronomical_unit = 149597870691 * meter = au

# Mass
carat = 200 * milligram
metric_ton = 1000 * kilogram = t = tonne
atomic_mass_unit = 1.660538782e-27 * kilogram =  u = amu = dalton = Da
scruple = 20 * grain
bag = 94 * lb

# Textile
denier =  gram / (9000 * meter)
tex = gram / (1000 * meter)
dtex = decitex

# Photometry
lumen = candela * steradian = lm
lux = lumen / meter ** 2 = lx

# Power
[power] = [energy] / [time]
watt = joule / second = W = volt_ampere = VA
horsepower = 33000 * ft * lbf / min = hp = UK_horsepower = British_horsepower
boiler_horsepower = 33475 * btu / hour
metric_horsepower =  75 * force_kilogram * meter / second
electric_horsepower = 746 * watt
hydraulic_horsepower = 550 * feet * lbf / second
refrigeration_ton = 12000 * btu / hour = ton_of_refrigeration

# Pressure
[pressure] = [force] / [area]
Hg = gravity * 13.59510 * gram / centimeter ** 3 = mercury = conventional_mercury
mercury_60F = gravity * 13.5568 * gram / centimeter ** 3
H2O = gravity * 1000 * kilogram / meter ** 3 = h2o = water = conventional_water
water_4C = gravity * 999.972 * kilogram / meter ** 3 = water_39F
water_60F = gravity * 999.001 * kilogram / m ** 3
pascal = newton / meter ** 2 = Pa
bar = 100000 * pascal
atmosphere = 101325 * pascal = atm = standard_atmosphere
technical_atmosphere = kilogram * gravity / centimeter ** 2 = at
torr = atm / 760
pound_force_per_square_inch = pound * gravity / inch ** 2 = psi
kip_per_square_inch = kip / inch ** 2 = ksi
barye = 0.1 * newton / meter ** 2 = barie = barad = barrie = baryd = Ba
mm_Hg = millimeter * Hg = mmHg = millimeter_Hg = millimeter_Hg_0C
cm_Hg = centimeter * Hg = cmHg = centimeter_Hg
in_Hg = inch * Hg = inHg = inch_Hg = inch_Hg_32F
inch_Hg_60F = inch * mercury_60F
inch_H2O_39F = inch * water_39F
inch_H2O_60F = inch * water_60F
footH2O = ft * water
cmH2O = centimeter * water
foot_H2O = ft * water = ftH2O
standard_liter_per_minute = 1.68875 * Pa * m ** 3 / s = slpm = slm

# Radiation
Bq = Hz = becquerel
curie = 3.7e10 * Bq = Ci
rutherford = 1e6*Bq = rd = Rd
Gy = joule / kilogram = gray = Sv = sievert
rem = 1e-2 * sievert
rads = 1e-2 * gray
roentgen = 2.58e-4 * coulomb / kilogram

# Temperature
degC = kelvin; offset: 273.15 = celsius
degR = 5 / 9 * kelvin; offset: 0 = rankine
degF = 5 / 9 * kelvin; offset: 255.372222 = fahrenheit

# Time
minute = 60 * second = min
hour = 60 * minute = hr
day = 24 * hour
week = 7 * day
fortnight = 2 * week
year = 31556925.9747 * second
month = year / 12
shake = 1e-8 * second
sidereal_day = day / 1.00273790935079524
sidereal_hour = sidereal_day / 24
sidereal_minute = sidereal_hour / 60
sidereal_second = sidereal_minute / 60
sidereal_year = 366.25636042 * sidereal_day
sidereal_month = 27.321661 * sidereal_day
tropical_month = 27.321661 * day
synodic_month = 29.530589 * day = lunar_month
common_year = 365 * day
leap_year = 366 * day
julian_year = 365.25 * day
gregorian_year = 365.2425 * day
millenium = 1000 * year = millenia = milenia = milenium
eon = 1e9 * year
work_year = 2056 * hour
work_month = work_year / 12

# Velocity
[speed] = [length] / [time]
knot = nautical_mile / hour = kt = knot_international = international_knot = nautical_miles_per_hour
mph = mile / hour = MPH
kph = kilometer / hour = KPH

# Viscosity
[viscosity] = [pressure] * [time]
poise = 1e-1 * Pa * second = P
stokes = 1e-4 * meter ** 2 / second = St
rhe = 10 / (Pa * s)

# Volume
[volume] = [length] ** 3
liter = 1e-3 * m ** 3 = l = L = litre
cc = centimeter ** 3 = cubic_centimeter
stere = meter ** 3

@context(n=1) spectroscopy = sp
    # n index of refraction of the medium.
    [length] <-> [frequency]: speed_of_light / n / value
    [frequency] -> [energy]: planck_constant * value
    [energy] -> [frequency]: value / planck_constant
@end

@context boltzmann
    [temperature] -> [energy]: boltzmann_constant * value
    [energy] -> [temperature]: value / boltzmann_constant
@end

@context(mw=0,volume=0,solvent_mass=0) chemistry = chem
    # mw is the molecular weight of the species
    # volume is the volume of the solution
    # solvent_mass is the mass of solvent in the solution

    # moles -> mass require the molecular weight
    [substance] -> [mass]: value * mw
    [mass] -> [substance]: value / mw

    # moles/volume -> mass/volume and moles/mass -> mass / mass
    # require the  molecular weight
    [substance] / [volume] -> [mass] / [volume]: value * mw
    [mass] / [volume] -> [substance] / [volume]: value / mw
    [substance] / [mass] -> [mass] / [mass]: value * mw
    [mass] / [mass] -> [substance] / [mass]: value / mw

    # moles/volume -> moles requires the solution volume
    [substance] / [volume] -> [substance]: value * volume
    [substance] -> [substance] / [volume]: value / volume

    # moles/mass -> moles requires the solvent (usually water) mass
    [substance] / [mass] -> [substance]: value * solvent_mass
    [substance] -> [substance] / [mass]: value / solvent_mass

    # moles/mass -> moles/volume require the solvent mass and the volume
    [substance] / [mass] -> [substance]/[volume]: value * solvent_mass / volume
    [substance] / [volume] -> [substance] / [mass]: value / solvent_mass * volume

@end

@group Commonwealth1959
    # Length
    point = yard / 216 / 12 = pp = printers_point
    thou = yard / 36000 = th = mil
    pica = yard / 216 = P̸ = printers_pica
    inch = yard / 36 = in = international_inch = inches = international_inches
    foot = yard / 3 = ft = international_foot = feet = international_feet
    yard = 0.9144 * metres = international_yard
    chain = 22 * yard = ch
    furlong = 220 * yard = fur
    mile = 1760 * yard = mi = international_mile
    league = 5280 * yard = lea

    # Length Maritime units
    fathom = 2.0266 * yards = ftm
    cable = 202.66 * yards
    nautical_mile = 2026.6 * yards = nmi = NM

    # Area
    square_foot = 1 * foot ** 2 = sq_ft = square_feet
    square_yard = 1 * yard ** 2 = sq_yd
    perch = 1 * rod ** 2
    rood = 1210 * yards ** 2
    acre = 4840 * yards ** 2

    # Volume
    acre_foot = acre * foot = acre_feet
    board_foot = foot ** 2 * inch = FBM
@end

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems
@group Avoirdupois
    # Mass and weight
    grain = 1 / 7000 pound = gr
    drachm = 1 / 256 pound = dr = avoirdupois_dram
    ounce = 1 /16 pound = oz = avoirdupois_ounce
    # By definition
    pound = 453.59237 * gram = lb = avoirdupois_pound
    stone = 14 * pound = st
    quarter = 28 * pound = qr = qtr
@end

@group AvoirdupoisUS using Avoirdupois
    US_hundredweight = 100 * pound = US_cwt = short_hundredweight
    US_ton = 2000 * pound = short_ton
@end

@group AvoirdupoisUK using Avoirdupois
    cental = 100 * pound
    hundredweight = 112 * pound = cwt = long_hundredweight
    ton = 2240 * pound = long_tone
@end

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems
@group Troy
    pennyweight = 24 * gram = dwt
    troy_ounce = 480 * grain = toz = apounce = apothecary_ounce
    troy_pound = 12 * toz = tlb = appound = apothecary_pound
@end

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_customary_units
@group US using Commonwealth1959

    # Gunter' survey units
    link = 7.92 * inches
    rod = 25 * link

    # survey
    square_rod = 2721*.25 foot ** 2
    survey_foot = 1200 / 3937 m = sft
    survey_mile = 8 * furlong

    # Volume
    fluid_dram = floz / 8 = fldr = fluidram
    teaspoon = tablespoon / 3 = tsp
    tablespoon = floz / 2 = tbsp = Tbsp = Tblsp = tblsp = tbs = Tbl
    fluid_ounce =  1/20 * pint = floz = US_fluid_ounce = US_liquid_ounce
    shot = 3 * tablespoon = jig
    gill = 4 * fluid_ounce = gi = liquid_gill = US_liquid_gill
    cup = 8 * fluid_ounce = cp = liquid_cup = US_liquid_cup
    pint = 473.176473 * milliliter = pt = liquid_pint = US_pint
    quart = 32 * fluid_ounce = qt = liquid_quart = US_liquid_quart
    gallon = 128 * fluid_ounce = gal = liquid_gallon = US_liquid_gallon
    barrel = 31.5 * gallon = bbl
    oil_barrel = 42 * gallon = oil_bbl
    beer_barrel = 31 * gallon = beer_bbl
    hogshead = 63 * gallon

    # Dry Volume
    dry_pint = 33.60 * inch ** 3 = dpt = US_dry_pit
    dry_quart = 2 * dry_pint = dqt = US_dry_quart
    dry_gallon = 8 * dry_pint = dgal = US_dry_gallon
    peck = 16 * dry_pint = pk
    dry_barrel = 7065 * inch ** 3 = US_dry_barrel

    # gravitational
    slug = 14.59390 * kilogram
@end

# See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_units
@group imperial using Commonwealth1959

    # Volume
    imperial_fluid_ounce =  1/20 * imperial_pint = imperial_floz = UK_fluid_ounce
    imperial_gill = 1/4 * imperial_pint = imperial_gi = UK_gill
    imperial_cup = imperial_pint / 2 = imperial_cp = UK_cup
    imperial_pint = 568.26125 * milliliter = imperial_pt = UK_pint
    imperial_quart = 2 * imperial_pint = imperial_qt = UK_quart
    imperial_gallon = 8 * imperial_pint = imperial_gal = UK_gallon
    imperial_bushel = 64 * imperial_pint = imperial_bu = UK_bushel
    imperial_barrel = 288 * imperial_pint = imperial_bbl = UK_bbl
@end

@system mks using international
    meter
    kilogram
    second
@end

@system cgs using international
    centimeter
    gram
    second
@end

@system imperial using imperial
    yard
    pound
@end

@system US using US
    yard
    pound
@end