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================
Using the Client
================
**Are you using requests?**
If you are, then you should take a look at `requests-oauthlib`_ which has several
examples of how to use OAuth1 with requests.
.. _`requests-oauthlib`: https://github.com/requests/requests-oauthlib
**Signing a request with an HMAC-SHA1 signature (most common)**
See `requests-oauthlib`_ for more detailed examples of going through the
OAuth workflow. In a nutshell you will be doing three types of requests, to
obtain a request token, to obtain an access token and to access a protected
resource.
Obtaining a request token will require client key and secret which are
provided to you when registering a client with the OAuth provider::
client = oauthlib.oauth1.Client('client_key', client_secret='your_secret')
uri, headers, body = client.sign('http://example.com/request_token')
You will then need to redirect to the authorization page of the OAuth
provider, which will later redirect back with a verifier and a token secret
parameter appended to your callback url. These will be used in addition to
the credentials from before when obtaining an access token::
client = oauthlib.oauth1.Client('client_key', client_secret='your_secret',
resource_owner_key='the_request_token', resource_owner_secret='the_request_token_secret',
verifier='the_verifier')
uri, headers, body = client.sign('http://example.com/access_token')
The provider will now give you an access token and a new token secret which
you will use to access protected resources::
client = oauthlib.oauth1.Client('client_key', client_secret='your_secret',
resource_owner_key='the_access_token', resource_owner_secret='the_access_token_secret')
uri, headers, body = client.sign('http://example.com/protected_resource')
.. _`requests-oauthlib`: https://github.com/requests/requests-oauthlib
**Unicode Everywhere**
Starting with 0.3.5 OAuthLib supports automatic conversion to unicode if you
supply input in utf-8 encoding. If you are using another encoding you will
have to make sure to convert all input to unicode before passing it to
OAuthLib. Note that the automatic conversion is limited to the use of
oauthlib.oauth1.Client.
**Request body**
The OAuth 1 spec only covers signing of x-www-url-formencoded information.
For convenience, you can pass body data in one of three ways:
* a dictionary
* an iterable of 2-tuples
* a properly-formatted x-www-url-formencoded string
If you are sending some other kind of data in the body, an additional
`oauth_body_hash` parameter will be included with the request. This parameter
provides an integrity check on non-formencoded request bodies.
*IMPORTANT* This extension is forward compatible: Service Providers that
have not implemented this extension can verify requests sent by Consumers
that have implemented this extension. If the Service Provider implements
this specification the integrity of the body is guaranteed. If the
Service Provider does not check body signatures, the remainder of the
request will still validate using the OAuth Core signature algorithm.
**RSA Signatures**
OAuthLib supports 'RSA-SHA1' signatures, but does not install the
PyJWT or cryptography dependencies by default. OAuthLib uses the
PyJWT package to smooth out its internal code. The cryptography
package is much better supported on Windows and Mac OS X than
PyCrypto, and simpler to install. Users can install PyJWT and
cryptography using pip::
pip install pyjwt cryptography
When you have cryptography and PyJWT installed, using RSA signatures is
similar to HMAC but differ in a few aspects. RSA signatures does not make
use of client secrets nor resource owner secrets (token secrets) and
requires you to specify the signature type when constructing a client::
client = oauthlib.oauth1.Client('your client key',
signature_method=oauthlib.oauth1.SIGNATURE_RSA,
resource_owner_key='a token you have obtained',
rsa_key=open('your_private_key.pem').read())
**Plaintext signatures**
OAuthLib supports plaintext signatures and they are identical in use to
HMAC-SHA1 signatures except that you will need to set the signature_method
when constructing Clients::
client = oauthlib.oauth1.Client('your client key',
client_secret='your secret',
resource_owner_key='a token you have obtained',
resource_owner_secret='a token secret',
signature_method=oauthlib.oauth1.SIGNATURE_PLAINTEXT)
**Where to put the signature? Signature types**
OAuth 1 commonly use the Authorization header to pass the OAuth signature
and other OAuth parameters. This is the default setting in Client and need
not be specified. However you may also use the request url query or the
request body to pass the parameters. You can specify this location using the
signature_type constructor parameter, as shown below::
>>> # Embed in Authorization header (recommended)
>>> client = oauthlib.oauth1.Client('client_key',
signature_type=SIGNATURE_TYPE_AUTH_HEADER,
)
>>> uri, headers, body = client.sign('http://example.com/path?query=hello')
>>> headers
{u'Authorization': u'OAuth oauth_nonce="107143098223781054691360095427", oauth_timestamp="1360095427", oauth_version="1.0", oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_consumer_key="client_key", oauth_signature="86gpxY1DUXSBRRyWnRNJekeWEzw%3D"'}
>>> # Embed in url query
>>> client = oauthlib.oauth1.Client('client_key',
signature_type=SIGNATURE_TYPE_QUERY,
)
>>> uri, headers, body = client.sign('http://example.com/path?query=hello')
>>> uri
http://example.com/path?query=hello&oauth_nonce=97599600646423262881360095509&oauth_timestamp=1360095509&oauth_version=1.0&oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1&oauth_consumer_key=client_key&oauth_signature=VQAib%2F4uRPwfVmCZkgSE3q2p7zU%3D
>>> # Embed in body
>>> client = oauthlib.oauth1.Client('client_key',
signature_type=SIGNATURE_TYPE_BODY,
)
>>> # Please set content-type to application/x-www-form-urlencoded
>>> headers = {'Content-Type':oauthlib.oauth1.CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URLENCODED}
>>> uri, headers, body = client.sign('http://example.com/path?query=hello',
headers=headers)
>>> body
u'oauth_nonce=148092408248153282511360095722&oauth_timestamp=1360095722&oauth_version=1.0&oauth_signature_method=HMAC-SHA1&oauth_consumer_key=client_key&oauth_signature=5IKjrRKU3%2FIduI9UumVI%2FbQ0Hv0%3D'
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