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==================
Installing PostGIS
==================
`PostGIS`_ adds geographic object support to PostgreSQL, turning it
into a spatial database. :ref:`geosbuild`, :ref:`proj4` and
:ref:`gdalbuild` should be installed prior to building PostGIS. You
might also need additional libraries, see `PostGIS requirements`_.
The `psycopg`_ or `psycopg2`_ module is required for use as the database
adapter when using GeoDjango with PostGIS.
On Debian/Ubuntu, you are advised to install the following packages:
``postgresql-x``, ``postgresql-x-postgis-3``, ``postgresql-server-dev-x``,
and ``python3-psycopg3`` (x matching the PostgreSQL version you want to
install). Alternately, you can `build from source`_. Consult the
platform-specific instructions if you are on :ref:`macos` or :ref:`windows`.
.. _PostGIS: https://postgis.net/
.. _psycopg: https://www.psycopg.org/psycopg3/
.. _psycopg2: https://www.psycopg.org/
.. _PostGIS requirements: https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_installation.html#install_requirements
.. _build from source: https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_installation.html#install_short_version
.. versionchanged:: 4.2
Support for ``psycopg`` 3.1.8+ was added.
Post-installation
=================
.. _spatialdb_template:
Creating a spatial database
---------------------------
PostGIS 2 includes an extension for PostgreSQL that's used to enable spatial
functionality:
.. code-block:: shell
$ createdb <db name>
$ psql <db name>
> CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
The database user must be a superuser in order to run
``CREATE EXTENSION postgis;``. The command is run during the :djadmin:`migrate`
process. An alternative is to use a migration operation in your project::
from django.contrib.postgres.operations import CreateExtension
from django.db import migrations
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
operations = [
CreateExtension('postgis'),
...
]
If you plan to use PostGIS raster functionality on PostGIS 3+, you should also
activate the ``postgis_raster`` extension. You can install the extension using
the :class:`~django.contrib.postgres.operations.CreateExtension` migration
operation, or directly by running ``CREATE EXTENSION postgis_raster;``.
GeoDjango does not currently leverage any `PostGIS topology functionality`__.
If you plan to use those features at some point, you can also install the
``postgis_topology`` extension by issuing ``CREATE EXTENSION
postgis_topology;``.
__ https://postgis.net/docs/Topology.html
Managing the database
---------------------
To administer the database, you can either use the pgAdmin III program
(:menuselection:`Start --> PostgreSQL X --> pgAdmin III`) or the SQL Shell
(:menuselection:`Start --> PostgreSQL X --> SQL Shell`). For example, to create
a ``geodjango`` spatial database and user, the following may be executed from
the SQL Shell as the ``postgres`` user:
.. code-block:: psql
postgres# CREATE USER geodjango PASSWORD 'my_passwd';
postgres# CREATE DATABASE geodjango OWNER geodjango;
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