path: root/django/db/models/constraints.py

import warnings
from enum import Enum
from types import NoneType

from django.core.exceptions import FieldError, ValidationError
from django.db import connections
from django.db.models.expressions import Exists, ExpressionList, F, OrderBy
from django.db.models.indexes import IndexExpression
from django.db.models.lookups import Exact
from django.db.models.query_utils import Q
from django.db.models.sql.query import Query
from django.db.utils import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango60Warning
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _

__all__ = ["BaseConstraint", "CheckConstraint", "Deferrable", "UniqueConstraint"]


class BaseConstraint:
    default_violation_error_message = _("Constraint “%(name)s” is violated.")
    violation_error_code = None
    violation_error_message = None

    # RemovedInDjango60Warning: When the deprecation ends, replace with:
    # def __init__(
    #     self, *, name, violation_error_code=None, violation_error_message=None
    # ):
    def __init__(
        self, *args, name=None, violation_error_code=None, violation_error_message=None
    ):
        # RemovedInDjango60Warning.
        if name is None and not args:
            raise TypeError(
                f"{self.__class__.__name__}.__init__() missing 1 required keyword-only "
                f"argument: 'name'"
            )
        self.name = name
        if violation_error_code is not None:
            self.violation_error_code = violation_error_code
        if violation_error_message is not None:
            self.violation_error_message = violation_error_message
        else:
            self.violation_error_message = self.default_violation_error_message
        # RemovedInDjango60Warning.
        if args:
            warnings.warn(
                f"Passing positional arguments to {self.__class__.__name__} is "
                f"deprecated.",
                RemovedInDjango60Warning,
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            for arg, attr in zip(args, ["name", "violation_error_message"]):
                if arg:
                    setattr(self, attr, arg)

    @property
    def contains_expressions(self):
        return False

    def constraint_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")

    def create_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")

    def remove_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")

    def validate(self, model, instance, exclude=None, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS):
        raise NotImplementedError("This method must be implemented by a subclass.")

    def get_violation_error_message(self):
        return self.violation_error_message % {"name": self.name}

    def deconstruct(self):
        path = "%s.%s" % (self.__class__.__module__, self.__class__.__name__)
        path = path.replace("django.db.models.constraints", "django.db.models")
        kwargs = {"name": self.name}
        if (
            self.violation_error_message is not None
            and self.violation_error_message != self.default_violation_error_message
        ):
            kwargs["violation_error_message"] = self.violation_error_message
        if self.violation_error_code is not None:
            kwargs["violation_error_code"] = self.violation_error_code
        return (path, (), kwargs)

    def clone(self):
        _, args, kwargs = self.deconstruct()
        return self.__class__(*args, **kwargs)


class CheckConstraint(BaseConstraint):
    def __init__(
        self, *, check, name, violation_error_code=None, violation_error_message=None
    ):
        self.check = check
        if not getattr(check, "conditional", False):
            raise TypeError(
                "CheckConstraint.check must be a Q instance or boolean expression."
            )
        super().__init__(
            name=name,
            violation_error_code=violation_error_code,
            violation_error_message=violation_error_message,
        )

    def _get_check_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        query = Query(model=model, alias_cols=False)
        where = query.build_where(self.check)
        compiler = query.get_compiler(connection=schema_editor.connection)
        sql, params = where.as_sql(compiler, schema_editor.connection)
        return sql % tuple(schema_editor.quote_value(p) for p in params)

    def constraint_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        check = self._get_check_sql(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._check_sql(self.name, check)

    def create_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        check = self._get_check_sql(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._create_check_sql(model, self.name, check)

    def remove_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        return schema_editor._delete_check_sql(model, self.name)

    def validate(self, model, instance, exclude=None, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS):
        against = instance._get_field_value_map(meta=model._meta, exclude=exclude)
        try:
            if not Q(self.check).check(against, using=using):
                raise ValidationError(
                    self.get_violation_error_message(), code=self.violation_error_code
                )
        except FieldError:
            pass

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s: check=%s name=%s%s%s>" % (
            self.__class__.__qualname__,
            self.check,
            repr(self.name),
            (
                ""
                if self.violation_error_code is None
                else " violation_error_code=%r" % self.violation_error_code
            ),
            (
                ""
                if self.violation_error_message is None
                or self.violation_error_message == self.default_violation_error_message
                else " violation_error_message=%r" % self.violation_error_message
            ),
        )

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, CheckConstraint):
            return (
                self.name == other.name
                and self.check == other.check
                and self.violation_error_code == other.violation_error_code
                and self.violation_error_message == other.violation_error_message
            )
        return super().__eq__(other)

    def deconstruct(self):
        path, args, kwargs = super().deconstruct()
        kwargs["check"] = self.check
        return path, args, kwargs


class Deferrable(Enum):
    DEFERRED = "deferred"
    IMMEDIATE = "immediate"

    # A similar format was proposed for Python 3.10.
    def __repr__(self):
        return f"{self.__class__.__qualname__}.{self._name_}"


class UniqueConstraint(BaseConstraint):
    def __init__(
        self,
        *expressions,
        fields=(),
        name=None,
        condition=None,
        deferrable=None,
        include=None,
        opclasses=(),
        violation_error_code=None,
        violation_error_message=None,
    ):
        if not name:
            raise ValueError("A unique constraint must be named.")
        if not expressions and not fields:
            raise ValueError(
                "At least one field or expression is required to define a "
                "unique constraint."
            )
        if expressions and fields:
            raise ValueError(
                "UniqueConstraint.fields and expressions are mutually exclusive."
            )
        if not isinstance(condition, (NoneType, Q)):
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint.condition must be a Q instance.")
        if condition and deferrable:
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with conditions cannot be deferred.")
        if include and deferrable:
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with include fields cannot be deferred.")
        if opclasses and deferrable:
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with opclasses cannot be deferred.")
        if expressions and deferrable:
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint with expressions cannot be deferred.")
        if expressions and opclasses:
            raise ValueError(
                "UniqueConstraint.opclasses cannot be used with expressions. "
                "Use django.contrib.postgres.indexes.OpClass() instead."
            )
        if not isinstance(deferrable, (NoneType, Deferrable)):
            raise ValueError(
                "UniqueConstraint.deferrable must be a Deferrable instance."
            )
        if not isinstance(include, (NoneType, list, tuple)):
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint.include must be a list or tuple.")
        if not isinstance(opclasses, (list, tuple)):
            raise ValueError("UniqueConstraint.opclasses must be a list or tuple.")
        if opclasses and len(fields) != len(opclasses):
            raise ValueError(
                "UniqueConstraint.fields and UniqueConstraint.opclasses must "
                "have the same number of elements."
            )
        self.fields = tuple(fields)
        self.condition = condition
        self.deferrable = deferrable
        self.include = tuple(include) if include else ()
        self.opclasses = opclasses
        self.expressions = tuple(
            F(expression) if isinstance(expression, str) else expression
            for expression in expressions
        )
        super().__init__(
            name=name,
            violation_error_code=violation_error_code,
            violation_error_message=violation_error_message,
        )

    @property
    def contains_expressions(self):
        return bool(self.expressions)

    def _get_condition_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        if self.condition is None:
            return None
        query = Query(model=model, alias_cols=False)
        where = query.build_where(self.condition)
        compiler = query.get_compiler(connection=schema_editor.connection)
        sql, params = where.as_sql(compiler, schema_editor.connection)
        return sql % tuple(schema_editor.quote_value(p) for p in params)

    def _get_index_expressions(self, model, schema_editor):
        if not self.expressions:
            return None
        index_expressions = []
        for expression in self.expressions:
            index_expression = IndexExpression(expression)
            index_expression.set_wrapper_classes(schema_editor.connection)
            index_expressions.append(index_expression)
        return ExpressionList(*index_expressions).resolve_expression(
            Query(model, alias_cols=False),
        )

    def constraint_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        fields = [model._meta.get_field(field_name) for field_name in self.fields]
        include = [
            model._meta.get_field(field_name).column for field_name in self.include
        ]
        condition = self._get_condition_sql(model, schema_editor)
        expressions = self._get_index_expressions(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._unique_sql(
            model,
            fields,
            self.name,
            condition=condition,
            deferrable=self.deferrable,
            include=include,
            opclasses=self.opclasses,
            expressions=expressions,
        )

    def create_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        fields = [model._meta.get_field(field_name) for field_name in self.fields]
        include = [
            model._meta.get_field(field_name).column for field_name in self.include
        ]
        condition = self._get_condition_sql(model, schema_editor)
        expressions = self._get_index_expressions(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._create_unique_sql(
            model,
            fields,
            self.name,
            condition=condition,
            deferrable=self.deferrable,
            include=include,
            opclasses=self.opclasses,
            expressions=expressions,
        )

    def remove_sql(self, model, schema_editor):
        condition = self._get_condition_sql(model, schema_editor)
        include = [
            model._meta.get_field(field_name).column for field_name in self.include
        ]
        expressions = self._get_index_expressions(model, schema_editor)
        return schema_editor._delete_unique_sql(
            model,
            self.name,
            condition=condition,
            deferrable=self.deferrable,
            include=include,
            opclasses=self.opclasses,
            expressions=expressions,
        )

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s:%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s>" % (
            self.__class__.__qualname__,
            "" if not self.fields else " fields=%s" % repr(self.fields),
            "" if not self.expressions else " expressions=%s" % repr(self.expressions),
            " name=%s" % repr(self.name),
            "" if self.condition is None else " condition=%s" % self.condition,
            "" if self.deferrable is None else " deferrable=%r" % self.deferrable,
            "" if not self.include else " include=%s" % repr(self.include),
            "" if not self.opclasses else " opclasses=%s" % repr(self.opclasses),
            (
                ""
                if self.violation_error_code is None
                else " violation_error_code=%r" % self.violation_error_code
            ),
            (
                ""
                if self.violation_error_message is None
                or self.violation_error_message == self.default_violation_error_message
                else " violation_error_message=%r" % self.violation_error_message
            ),
        )

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if isinstance(other, UniqueConstraint):
            return (
                self.name == other.name
                and self.fields == other.fields
                and self.condition == other.condition
                and self.deferrable == other.deferrable
                and self.include == other.include
                and self.opclasses == other.opclasses
                and self.expressions == other.expressions
                and self.violation_error_code == other.violation_error_code
                and self.violation_error_message == other.violation_error_message
            )
        return super().__eq__(other)

    def deconstruct(self):
        path, args, kwargs = super().deconstruct()
        if self.fields:
            kwargs["fields"] = self.fields
        if self.condition:
            kwargs["condition"] = self.condition
        if self.deferrable:
            kwargs["deferrable"] = self.deferrable
        if self.include:
            kwargs["include"] = self.include
        if self.opclasses:
            kwargs["opclasses"] = self.opclasses
        return path, self.expressions, kwargs

    def validate(self, model, instance, exclude=None, using=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS):
        queryset = model._default_manager.using(using)
        if self.fields:
            lookup_kwargs = {}
            for field_name in self.fields:
                if exclude and field_name in exclude:
                    return
                field = model._meta.get_field(field_name)
                lookup_value = getattr(instance, field.attname)
                if lookup_value is None or (
                    lookup_value == ""
                    and connections[using].features.interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls
                ):
                    # A composite constraint containing NULL value cannot cause
                    # a violation since NULL != NULL in SQL.
                    return
                lookup_kwargs[field.name] = lookup_value
            queryset = queryset.filter(**lookup_kwargs)
        else:
            # Ignore constraints with excluded fields.
            if exclude:
                for expression in self.expressions:
                    if hasattr(expression, "flatten"):
                        for expr in expression.flatten():
                            if isinstance(expr, F) and expr.name in exclude:
                                return
                    elif isinstance(expression, F) and expression.name in exclude:
                        return
            replacements = {
                F(field): value
                for field, value in instance._get_field_value_map(
                    meta=model._meta, exclude=exclude
                ).items()
            }
            expressions = []
            for expr in self.expressions:
                # Ignore ordering.
                if isinstance(expr, OrderBy):
                    expr = expr.expression
                expressions.append(Exact(expr, expr.replace_expressions(replacements)))
            queryset = queryset.filter(*expressions)
        model_class_pk = instance._get_pk_val(model._meta)
        if not instance._state.adding and model_class_pk is not None:
            queryset = queryset.exclude(pk=model_class_pk)
        if not self.condition:
            if queryset.exists():
                if self.expressions:
                    raise ValidationError(
                        self.get_violation_error_message(),
                        code=self.violation_error_code,
                    )
                # When fields are defined, use the unique_error_message() for
                # backward compatibility.
                for model, constraints in instance.get_constraints():
                    for constraint in constraints:
                        if constraint is self:
                            raise ValidationError(
                                instance.unique_error_message(model, self.fields),
                            )
        else:
            against = instance._get_field_value_map(meta=model._meta, exclude=exclude)
            try:
                if (self.condition & Exists(queryset.filter(self.condition))).check(
                    against, using=using
                ):
                    raise ValidationError(
                        self.get_violation_error_message(),
                        code=self.violation_error_code,
                    )
            except FieldError:
                pass