Refs #33476 -- Reformatted code with Black.

2 files changed, 276 insertions, 244 deletions

diff --git a/tests/constraints/models.py b/tests/constraints/models.py
index f8a4ebe675..c4450383e7 100644
--- a/tests/constraints/models.py
+++ b/tests/constraints/models.py
@@ -8,36 +8,35 @@ class Product(models.Model):
 
     class Meta:
         required_db_features = {
-            'supports_table_check_constraints',
+            "supports_table_check_constraints",
         }
         constraints = [
             models.CheckConstraint(
-                check=models.Q(price__gt=models.F('discounted_price')),
-                name='price_gt_discounted_price',
+                check=models.Q(price__gt=models.F("discounted_price")),
+                name="price_gt_discounted_price",
             ),
             models.CheckConstraint(
                 check=models.Q(price__gt=0),
-                name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_price_gt_0',
+                name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_price_gt_0",
             ),
             models.CheckConstraint(
                 check=models.expressions.RawSQL(
-                    'price < %s', (1000,), output_field=models.BooleanField()
+                    "price < %s", (1000,), output_field=models.BooleanField()
                 ),
-                name='%(app_label)s_price_lt_1000_raw',
+                name="%(app_label)s_price_lt_1000_raw",
             ),
             models.CheckConstraint(
                 check=models.expressions.ExpressionWrapper(
                     models.Q(price__gt=500) | models.Q(price__lt=500),
-                    output_field=models.BooleanField()
+                    output_field=models.BooleanField(),
                 ),
-                name='%(app_label)s_price_neq_500_wrap',
+                name="%(app_label)s_price_neq_500_wrap",
             ),
             models.CheckConstraint(
                 check=models.Q(
-                    models.Q(unit__isnull=True) |
-                    models.Q(unit__in=['μg/mL', 'ng/mL'])
+                    models.Q(unit__isnull=True) | models.Q(unit__in=["μg/mL", "ng/mL"])
                 ),
-                name='unicode_unit_list',
+                name="unicode_unit_list",
             ),
         ]
 
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ class UniqueConstraintProduct(models.Model):
 
     class Meta:
         constraints = [
-            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['name', 'color'], name='name_color_uniq'),
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["name", "color"], name="name_color_uniq"),
         ]
 
 
@@ -57,11 +56,11 @@ class UniqueConstraintConditionProduct(models.Model):
     color = models.CharField(max_length=32, null=True)
 
     class Meta:
-        required_db_features = {'supports_partial_indexes'}
+        required_db_features = {"supports_partial_indexes"}
         constraints = [
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['name'],
-                name='name_without_color_uniq',
+                fields=["name"],
+                name="name_without_color_uniq",
                 condition=models.Q(color__isnull=True),
             ),
         ]
@@ -73,17 +72,17 @@ class UniqueConstraintDeferrable(models.Model):
 
     class Meta:
         required_db_features = {
-            'supports_deferrable_unique_constraints',
+            "supports_deferrable_unique_constraints",
         }
         constraints = [
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['name'],
-                name='name_init_deferred_uniq',
+                fields=["name"],
+                name="name_init_deferred_uniq",
                 deferrable=models.Deferrable.DEFERRED,
             ),
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['shelf'],
-                name='sheld_init_immediate_uniq',
+                fields=["shelf"],
+                name="sheld_init_immediate_uniq",
                 deferrable=models.Deferrable.IMMEDIATE,
             ),
         ]
@@ -95,14 +94,14 @@ class UniqueConstraintInclude(models.Model):
 
     class Meta:
         required_db_features = {
-            'supports_table_check_constraints',
-            'supports_covering_indexes',
+            "supports_table_check_constraints",
+            "supports_covering_indexes",
         }
         constraints = [
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['name'],
-                name='name_include_color_uniq',
-                include=['color'],
+                fields=["name"],
+                name="name_include_color_uniq",
+                include=["color"],
             ),
         ]
 
@@ -113,12 +112,12 @@ class AbstractModel(models.Model):
     class Meta:
         abstract = True
         required_db_features = {
-            'supports_table_check_constraints',
+            "supports_table_check_constraints",
         }
         constraints = [
             models.CheckConstraint(
                 check=models.Q(age__gte=18),
-                name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_adult',
+                name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_adult",
             ),
         ]
 
diff --git a/tests/constraints/tests.py b/tests/constraints/tests.py
index 3d59d07b24..722483128b 100644
--- a/tests/constraints/tests.py
+++ b/tests/constraints/tests.py
@@ -9,8 +9,11 @@ from django.db.transaction import atomic
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, TestCase, skipUnlessDBFeature
 
 from .models import (
-    ChildModel, Product, UniqueConstraintConditionProduct,
-    UniqueConstraintDeferrable, UniqueConstraintInclude,
+    ChildModel,
+    Product,
+    UniqueConstraintConditionProduct,
+    UniqueConstraintDeferrable,
+    UniqueConstraintInclude,
     UniqueConstraintProduct,
 )
 
@@ -22,51 +25,51 @@ def get_constraints(table):
 
 class BaseConstraintTests(SimpleTestCase):
     def test_constraint_sql(self):
-        c = BaseConstraint('name')
-        msg = 'This method must be implemented by a subclass.'
+        c = BaseConstraint("name")
+        msg = "This method must be implemented by a subclass."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotImplementedError, msg):
             c.constraint_sql(None, None)
 
     def test_contains_expressions(self):
-        c = BaseConstraint('name')
+        c = BaseConstraint("name")
         self.assertIs(c.contains_expressions, False)
 
     def test_create_sql(self):
-        c = BaseConstraint('name')
-        msg = 'This method must be implemented by a subclass.'
+        c = BaseConstraint("name")
+        msg = "This method must be implemented by a subclass."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotImplementedError, msg):
             c.create_sql(None, None)
 
     def test_remove_sql(self):
-        c = BaseConstraint('name')
-        msg = 'This method must be implemented by a subclass.'
+        c = BaseConstraint("name")
+        msg = "This method must be implemented by a subclass."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotImplementedError, msg):
             c.remove_sql(None, None)
 
 
 class CheckConstraintTests(TestCase):
     def test_eq(self):
-        check1 = models.Q(price__gt=models.F('discounted_price'))
-        check2 = models.Q(price__lt=models.F('discounted_price'))
+        check1 = models.Q(price__gt=models.F("discounted_price"))
+        check2 = models.Q(price__lt=models.F("discounted_price"))
         self.assertEqual(
-            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name='price'),
-            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name='price'),
+            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name="price"),
+            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name="price"),
         )
-        self.assertEqual(models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name='price'), mock.ANY)
+        self.assertEqual(models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name="price"), mock.ANY)
         self.assertNotEqual(
-            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name='price'),
-            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name='price2'),
+            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name="price"),
+            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name="price2"),
         )
         self.assertNotEqual(
-            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name='price'),
-            models.CheckConstraint(check=check2, name='price'),
+            models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name="price"),
+            models.CheckConstraint(check=check2, name="price"),
         )
-        self.assertNotEqual(models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name='price'), 1)
+        self.assertNotEqual(models.CheckConstraint(check=check1, name="price"), 1)
 
     def test_repr(self):
         constraint = models.CheckConstraint(
-            check=models.Q(price__gt=models.F('discounted_price')),
-            name='price_gt_discounted_price',
+            check=models.Q(price__gt=models.F("discounted_price")),
+            name="price_gt_discounted_price",
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             repr(constraint),
@@ -75,122 +78,131 @@ class CheckConstraintTests(TestCase):
         )
 
     def test_invalid_check_types(self):
-        msg = (
-            'CheckConstraint.check must be a Q instance or boolean expression.'
-        )
+        msg = "CheckConstraint.check must be a Q instance or boolean expression."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TypeError, msg):
-            models.CheckConstraint(check=models.F('discounted_price'), name='check')
+            models.CheckConstraint(check=models.F("discounted_price"), name="check")
 
     def test_deconstruction(self):
-        check = models.Q(price__gt=models.F('discounted_price'))
-        name = 'price_gt_discounted_price'
+        check = models.Q(price__gt=models.F("discounted_price"))
+        name = "price_gt_discounted_price"
         constraint = models.CheckConstraint(check=check, name=name)
         path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
-        self.assertEqual(path, 'django.db.models.CheckConstraint')
+        self.assertEqual(path, "django.db.models.CheckConstraint")
         self.assertEqual(args, ())
-        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {'check': check, 'name': name})
+        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {"check": check, "name": name})
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_table_check_constraints')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_table_check_constraints")
     def test_database_constraint(self):
         Product.objects.create(price=10, discounted_price=5)
         with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
             Product.objects.create(price=10, discounted_price=20)
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_table_check_constraints')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_table_check_constraints")
     def test_database_constraint_unicode(self):
-        Product.objects.create(price=10, discounted_price=5, unit='μg/mL')
+        Product.objects.create(price=10, discounted_price=5, unit="μg/mL")
         with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
-            Product.objects.create(price=10, discounted_price=7, unit='l')
+            Product.objects.create(price=10, discounted_price=7, unit="l")
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_table_check_constraints')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_table_check_constraints")
     def test_database_constraint_expression(self):
         Product.objects.create(price=999, discounted_price=5)
         with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
             Product.objects.create(price=1000, discounted_price=5)
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_table_check_constraints')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_table_check_constraints")
     def test_database_constraint_expressionwrapper(self):
         Product.objects.create(price=499, discounted_price=5)
         with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
             Product.objects.create(price=500, discounted_price=5)
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_table_check_constraints', 'can_introspect_check_constraints')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature(
+        "supports_table_check_constraints", "can_introspect_check_constraints"
+    )
     def test_name(self):
         constraints = get_constraints(Product._meta.db_table)
         for expected_name in (
-            'price_gt_discounted_price',
-            'constraints_price_lt_1000_raw',
-            'constraints_price_neq_500_wrap',
-            'constraints_product_price_gt_0',
+            "price_gt_discounted_price",
+            "constraints_price_lt_1000_raw",
+            "constraints_price_neq_500_wrap",
+            "constraints_product_price_gt_0",
         ):
             with self.subTest(expected_name):
                 self.assertIn(expected_name, constraints)
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_table_check_constraints', 'can_introspect_check_constraints')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature(
+        "supports_table_check_constraints", "can_introspect_check_constraints"
+    )
     def test_abstract_name(self):
         constraints = get_constraints(ChildModel._meta.db_table)
-        self.assertIn('constraints_childmodel_adult', constraints)
+        self.assertIn("constraints_childmodel_adult", constraints)
 
 
 class UniqueConstraintTests(TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpTestData(cls):
-        cls.p1, cls.p2 = UniqueConstraintProduct.objects.bulk_create([
-            UniqueConstraintProduct(name='p1', color='red'),
-            UniqueConstraintProduct(name='p2'),
-        ])
+        cls.p1, cls.p2 = UniqueConstraintProduct.objects.bulk_create(
+            [
+                UniqueConstraintProduct(name="p1", color="red"),
+                UniqueConstraintProduct(name="p2"),
+            ]
+        )
 
     def test_eq(self):
         self.assertEqual(
-            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['foo', 'bar'], name='unique'),
-            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['foo', 'bar'], name='unique'),
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["foo", "bar"], name="unique"),
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["foo", "bar"], name="unique"),
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['foo', 'bar'], name='unique'),
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["foo", "bar"], name="unique"),
             mock.ANY,
         )
         self.assertNotEqual(
-            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['foo', 'bar'], name='unique'),
-            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['foo', 'bar'], name='unique2'),
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["foo", "bar"], name="unique"),
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["foo", "bar"], name="unique2"),
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["foo", "bar"], name="unique"),
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["foo", "baz"], name="unique"),
         )
         self.assertNotEqual(
-            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['foo', 'bar'], name='unique'),
-            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['foo', 'baz'], name='unique'),
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["foo", "bar"], name="unique"), 1
         )
-        self.assertNotEqual(models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['foo', 'bar'], name='unique'), 1)
 
     def test_eq_with_condition(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['foo', 'bar'], name='unique',
-                condition=models.Q(foo=models.F('bar'))
+                fields=["foo", "bar"],
+                name="unique",
+                condition=models.Q(foo=models.F("bar")),
             ),
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['foo', 'bar'], name='unique',
-                condition=models.Q(foo=models.F('bar'))),
+                fields=["foo", "bar"],
+                name="unique",
+                condition=models.Q(foo=models.F("bar")),
+            ),
         )
         self.assertNotEqual(
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-                name='unique',
-                condition=models.Q(foo=models.F('bar'))
+                fields=["foo", "bar"],
+                name="unique",
+                condition=models.Q(foo=models.F("bar")),
             ),
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-                name='unique',
-                condition=models.Q(foo=models.F('baz'))
+                fields=["foo", "bar"],
+                name="unique",
+                condition=models.Q(foo=models.F("baz")),
             ),
         )
 
     def test_eq_with_deferrable(self):
         constraint_1 = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='unique',
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="unique",
             deferrable=models.Deferrable.DEFERRED,
         )
         constraint_2 = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='unique',
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="unique",
             deferrable=models.Deferrable.IMMEDIATE,
         )
         self.assertEqual(constraint_1, constraint_1)
@@ -198,54 +210,54 @@ class UniqueConstraintTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_eq_with_include(self):
         constraint_1 = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='include',
-            include=['baz_1'],
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="include",
+            include=["baz_1"],
         )
         constraint_2 = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='include',
-            include=['baz_2'],
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="include",
+            include=["baz_2"],
         )
         self.assertEqual(constraint_1, constraint_1)
         self.assertNotEqual(constraint_1, constraint_2)
 
     def test_eq_with_opclasses(self):
         constraint_1 = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='opclasses',
-            opclasses=['text_pattern_ops', 'varchar_pattern_ops'],
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="opclasses",
+            opclasses=["text_pattern_ops", "varchar_pattern_ops"],
         )
         constraint_2 = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='opclasses',
-            opclasses=['varchar_pattern_ops', 'text_pattern_ops'],
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="opclasses",
+            opclasses=["varchar_pattern_ops", "text_pattern_ops"],
         )
         self.assertEqual(constraint_1, constraint_1)
         self.assertNotEqual(constraint_1, constraint_2)
 
     def test_eq_with_expressions(self):
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            Lower('title'),
-            F('author'),
-            name='book_func_uq',
+            Lower("title"),
+            F("author"),
+            name="book_func_uq",
         )
         same_constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            Lower('title'),
-            'author',
-            name='book_func_uq',
+            Lower("title"),
+            "author",
+            name="book_func_uq",
         )
         another_constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            Lower('title'),
-            name='book_func_uq',
+            Lower("title"),
+            name="book_func_uq",
         )
         self.assertEqual(constraint, same_constraint)
         self.assertEqual(constraint, mock.ANY)
         self.assertNotEqual(constraint, another_constraint)
 
     def test_repr(self):
-        fields = ['foo', 'bar']
-        name = 'unique_fields'
+        fields = ["foo", "bar"]
+        name = "unique_fields"
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(fields=fields, name=name)
         self.assertEqual(
             repr(constraint),
@@ -254,9 +266,9 @@ class UniqueConstraintTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_repr_with_condition(self):
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='unique_fields',
-            condition=models.Q(foo=models.F('bar')),
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="unique_fields",
+            condition=models.Q(foo=models.F("bar")),
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             repr(constraint),
@@ -266,8 +278,8 @@ class UniqueConstraintTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_repr_with_deferrable(self):
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='unique_fields',
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="unique_fields",
             deferrable=models.Deferrable.IMMEDIATE,
         )
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -278,9 +290,9 @@ class UniqueConstraintTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_repr_with_include(self):
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='include_fields',
-            include=['baz_1', 'baz_2'],
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="include_fields",
+            include=["baz_1", "baz_2"],
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             repr(constraint),
@@ -290,9 +302,9 @@ class UniqueConstraintTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_repr_with_opclasses(self):
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            fields=['foo', 'bar'],
-            name='opclasses_fields',
-            opclasses=['text_pattern_ops', 'varchar_pattern_ops'],
+            fields=["foo", "bar"],
+            name="opclasses_fields",
+            opclasses=["text_pattern_ops", "varchar_pattern_ops"],
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             repr(constraint),
@@ -302,9 +314,9 @@ class UniqueConstraintTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_repr_with_expressions(self):
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
-            Lower('title'),
-            F('author'),
-            name='book_func_uq',
+            Lower("title"),
+            F("author"),
+            name="book_func_uq",
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             repr(constraint),
@@ -313,114 +325,135 @@ class UniqueConstraintTests(TestCase):
         )
 
     def test_deconstruction(self):
-        fields = ['foo', 'bar']
-        name = 'unique_fields'
+        fields = ["foo", "bar"]
+        name = "unique_fields"
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(fields=fields, name=name)
         path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
-        self.assertEqual(path, 'django.db.models.UniqueConstraint')
+        self.assertEqual(path, "django.db.models.UniqueConstraint")
         self.assertEqual(args, ())
-        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {'fields': tuple(fields), 'name': name})
+        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {"fields": tuple(fields), "name": name})
 
     def test_deconstruction_with_condition(self):
-        fields = ['foo', 'bar']
-        name = 'unique_fields'
-        condition = models.Q(foo=models.F('bar'))
-        constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(fields=fields, name=name, condition=condition)
+        fields = ["foo", "bar"]
+        name = "unique_fields"
+        condition = models.Q(foo=models.F("bar"))
+        constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
+            fields=fields, name=name, condition=condition
+        )
         path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
-        self.assertEqual(path, 'django.db.models.UniqueConstraint')
+        self.assertEqual(path, "django.db.models.UniqueConstraint")
         self.assertEqual(args, ())
-        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {'fields': tuple(fields), 'name': name, 'condition': condition})
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kwargs, {"fields": tuple(fields), "name": name, "condition": condition}
+        )
 
     def test_deconstruction_with_deferrable(self):
-        fields = ['foo']
-        name = 'unique_fields'
+        fields = ["foo"]
+        name = "unique_fields"
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
             fields=fields,
             name=name,
             deferrable=models.Deferrable.DEFERRED,
         )
         path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
-        self.assertEqual(path, 'django.db.models.UniqueConstraint')
+        self.assertEqual(path, "django.db.models.UniqueConstraint")
         self.assertEqual(args, ())
-        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {
-            'fields': tuple(fields),
-            'name': name,
-            'deferrable': models.Deferrable.DEFERRED,
-        })
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kwargs,
+            {
+                "fields": tuple(fields),
+                "name": name,
+                "deferrable": models.Deferrable.DEFERRED,
+            },
+        )
 
     def test_deconstruction_with_include(self):
-        fields = ['foo', 'bar']
-        name = 'unique_fields'
-        include = ['baz_1', 'baz_2']
+        fields = ["foo", "bar"]
+        name = "unique_fields"
+        include = ["baz_1", "baz_2"]
         constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(fields=fields, name=name, include=include)
         path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
-        self.assertEqual(path, 'django.db.models.UniqueConstraint')
+        self.assertEqual(path, "django.db.models.UniqueConstraint")
         self.assertEqual(args, ())
-        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {
-            'fields': tuple(fields),
-            'name': name,
-            'include': tuple(include),
-        })
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kwargs,
+            {
+                "fields": tuple(fields),
+                "name": name,
+                "include": tuple(include),
+            },
+        )
 
     def test_deconstruction_with_opclasses(self):
-        fields = ['foo', 'bar']
-        name = 'unique_fields'
-        opclasses = ['varchar_pattern_ops', 'text_pattern_ops']
-        constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(fields=fields, name=name, opclasses=opclasses)
+        fields = ["foo", "bar"]
+        name = "unique_fields"
+        opclasses = ["varchar_pattern_ops", "text_pattern_ops"]
+        constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(
+            fields=fields, name=name, opclasses=opclasses
+        )
         path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
-        self.assertEqual(path, 'django.db.models.UniqueConstraint')
+        self.assertEqual(path, "django.db.models.UniqueConstraint")
         self.assertEqual(args, ())
-        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {
-            'fields': tuple(fields),
-            'name': name,
-            'opclasses': opclasses,
-        })
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kwargs,
+            {
+                "fields": tuple(fields),
+                "name": name,
+                "opclasses": opclasses,
+            },
+        )
 
     def test_deconstruction_with_expressions(self):
-        name = 'unique_fields'
-        constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(Lower('title'), name=name)
+        name = "unique_fields"
+        constraint = models.UniqueConstraint(Lower("title"), name=name)
         path, args, kwargs = constraint.deconstruct()
-        self.assertEqual(path, 'django.db.models.UniqueConstraint')
-        self.assertEqual(args, (Lower('title'),))
-        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {'name': name})
+        self.assertEqual(path, "django.db.models.UniqueConstraint")
+        self.assertEqual(args, (Lower("title"),))
+        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {"name": name})
 
     def test_database_constraint(self):
         with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
-            UniqueConstraintProduct.objects.create(name=self.p1.name, color=self.p1.color)
+            UniqueConstraintProduct.objects.create(
+                name=self.p1.name, color=self.p1.color
+            )
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_partial_indexes')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_partial_indexes")
     def test_database_constraint_with_condition(self):
-        UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name='p1')
-        UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name='p2')
+        UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name="p1")
+        UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name="p2")
         with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
-            UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name='p1')
+            UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name="p1")
 
     def test_model_validation(self):
-        msg = 'Unique constraint product with this Name and Color already exists.'
+        msg = "Unique constraint product with this Name and Color already exists."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValidationError, msg):
-            UniqueConstraintProduct(name=self.p1.name, color=self.p1.color).validate_unique()
+            UniqueConstraintProduct(
+                name=self.p1.name, color=self.p1.color
+            ).validate_unique()
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_partial_indexes')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_partial_indexes")
     def test_model_validation_with_condition(self):
         """Partial unique constraints are ignored by Model.validate_unique()."""
-        obj1 = UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name='p1', color='red')
-        obj2 = UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name='p2')
-        UniqueConstraintConditionProduct(name=obj1.name, color='blue').validate_unique()
+        obj1 = UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name="p1", color="red")
+        obj2 = UniqueConstraintConditionProduct.objects.create(name="p2")
+        UniqueConstraintConditionProduct(name=obj1.name, color="blue").validate_unique()
         UniqueConstraintConditionProduct(name=obj2.name).validate_unique()
 
     def test_name(self):
         constraints = get_constraints(UniqueConstraintProduct._meta.db_table)
-        expected_name = 'name_color_uniq'
+        expected_name = "name_color_uniq"
         self.assertIn(expected_name, constraints)
 
     def test_condition_must_be_q(self):
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, 'UniqueConstraint.condition must be a Q instance.'):
-            models.UniqueConstraint(name='uniq', fields=['name'], condition='invalid')
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(
+            ValueError, "UniqueConstraint.condition must be a Q instance."
+        ):
+            models.UniqueConstraint(name="uniq", fields=["name"], condition="invalid")
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_deferrable_unique_constraints')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_deferrable_unique_constraints")
     def test_initially_deferred_database_constraint(self):
-        obj_1 = UniqueConstraintDeferrable.objects.create(name='p1', shelf='front')
-        obj_2 = UniqueConstraintDeferrable.objects.create(name='p2', shelf='back')
+        obj_1 = UniqueConstraintDeferrable.objects.create(name="p1", shelf="front")
+        obj_2 = UniqueConstraintDeferrable.objects.create(name="p2", shelf="back")
 
         def swap():
             obj_1.name, obj_2.name = obj_2.name, obj_1.name
@@ -431,137 +464,137 @@ class UniqueConstraintTests(TestCase):
         # Behavior can be changed with SET CONSTRAINTS.
         with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
             with atomic(), connection.cursor() as cursor:
-                constraint_name = connection.ops.quote_name('name_init_deferred_uniq')
-                cursor.execute('SET CONSTRAINTS %s IMMEDIATE' % constraint_name)
+                constraint_name = connection.ops.quote_name("name_init_deferred_uniq")
+                cursor.execute("SET CONSTRAINTS %s IMMEDIATE" % constraint_name)
                 swap()
 
-    @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_deferrable_unique_constraints')
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_deferrable_unique_constraints")
     def test_initially_immediate_database_constraint(self):
-        obj_1 = UniqueConstraintDeferrable.objects.create(name='p1', shelf='front')
-        obj_2 = UniqueConstraintDeferrable.objects.create(name='p2', shelf='back')
+        obj_1 = UniqueConstraintDeferrable.objects.create(name="p1", shelf="front")
+        obj_2 = UniqueConstraintDeferrable.objects.create(name="p2", shelf="back")
         obj_1.shelf, obj_2.shelf = obj_2.shelf, obj_1.shelf
         with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError), atomic():
             obj_1.save()
         # Behavior can be changed with SET CONSTRAINTS.
         with connection.cursor() as cursor:
-            constraint_name = connection.ops.quote_name('sheld_init_immediate_uniq')
-            cursor.execute('SET CONSTRAINTS %s DEFERRED' % constraint_name)
+            constraint_name = connection.ops.quote_name("sheld_init_immediate_uniq")
+            cursor.execute("SET CONSTRAINTS %s DEFERRED" % constraint_name)
             obj_1.save()
             obj_2.save()
 
     def test_deferrable_with_condition(self):
-        message = 'UniqueConstraint with conditions cannot be deferred.'
+        message = "UniqueConstraint with conditions cannot be deferred."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, message):
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['name'],
-                name='name_without_color_unique',
+                fields=["name"],
+                name="name_without_color_unique",
                 condition=models.Q(color__isnull=True),
                 deferrable=models.Deferrable.DEFERRED,
             )
 
     def test_deferrable_with_include(self):
-        message = 'UniqueConstraint with include fields cannot be deferred.'
+        message = "UniqueConstraint with include fields cannot be deferred."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, message):
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['name'],
-                name='name_inc_color_color_unique',
-                include=['color'],
+                fields=["name"],
+                name="name_inc_color_color_unique",
+                include=["color"],
                 deferrable=models.Deferrable.DEFERRED,
             )
 
     def test_deferrable_with_opclasses(self):
-        message = 'UniqueConstraint with opclasses cannot be deferred.'
+        message = "UniqueConstraint with opclasses cannot be deferred."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, message):
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['name'],
-                name='name_text_pattern_ops_unique',
-                opclasses=['text_pattern_ops'],
+                fields=["name"],
+                name="name_text_pattern_ops_unique",
+                opclasses=["text_pattern_ops"],
                 deferrable=models.Deferrable.DEFERRED,
             )
 
     def test_deferrable_with_expressions(self):
-        message = 'UniqueConstraint with expressions cannot be deferred.'
+        message = "UniqueConstraint with expressions cannot be deferred."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, message):
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                Lower('name'),
-                name='deferred_expression_unique',
+                Lower("name"),
+                name="deferred_expression_unique",
                 deferrable=models.Deferrable.DEFERRED,
             )
 
     def test_invalid_defer_argument(self):
-        message = 'UniqueConstraint.deferrable must be a Deferrable instance.'
+        message = "UniqueConstraint.deferrable must be a Deferrable instance."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, message):
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                fields=['name'],
-                name='name_invalid',
-                deferrable='invalid',
+                fields=["name"],
+                name="name_invalid",
+                deferrable="invalid",
             )
 
     @skipUnlessDBFeature(
-        'supports_table_check_constraints',
-        'supports_covering_indexes',
+        "supports_table_check_constraints",
+        "supports_covering_indexes",
     )
     def test_include_database_constraint(self):
-        UniqueConstraintInclude.objects.create(name='p1', color='red')
+        UniqueConstraintInclude.objects.create(name="p1", color="red")
         with self.assertRaises(IntegrityError):
-            UniqueConstraintInclude.objects.create(name='p1', color='blue')
+            UniqueConstraintInclude.objects.create(name="p1", color="blue")
 
     def test_invalid_include_argument(self):
-        msg = 'UniqueConstraint.include must be a list or tuple.'
+        msg = "UniqueConstraint.include must be a list or tuple."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                name='uniq_include',
-                fields=['field'],
-                include='other',
+                name="uniq_include",
+                fields=["field"],
+                include="other",
             )
 
     def test_invalid_opclasses_argument(self):
-        msg = 'UniqueConstraint.opclasses must be a list or tuple.'
+        msg = "UniqueConstraint.opclasses must be a list or tuple."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                name='uniq_opclasses',
-                fields=['field'],
-                opclasses='jsonb_path_ops',
+                name="uniq_opclasses",
+                fields=["field"],
+                opclasses="jsonb_path_ops",
             )
 
     def test_opclasses_and_fields_same_length(self):
         msg = (
-            'UniqueConstraint.fields and UniqueConstraint.opclasses must have '
-            'the same number of elements.'
+            "UniqueConstraint.fields and UniqueConstraint.opclasses must have "
+            "the same number of elements."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                name='uniq_opclasses',
-                fields=['field'],
-                opclasses=['foo', 'bar'],
+                name="uniq_opclasses",
+                fields=["field"],
+                opclasses=["foo", "bar"],
             )
 
     def test_requires_field_or_expression(self):
         msg = (
-            'At least one field or expression is required to define a unique '
-            'constraint.'
+            "At least one field or expression is required to define a unique "
+            "constraint."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
-            models.UniqueConstraint(name='name')
+            models.UniqueConstraint(name="name")
 
     def test_expressions_and_fields_mutually_exclusive(self):
-        msg = 'UniqueConstraint.fields and expressions are mutually exclusive.'
+        msg = "UniqueConstraint.fields and expressions are mutually exclusive."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
-            models.UniqueConstraint(Lower('field_1'), fields=['field_2'], name='name')
+            models.UniqueConstraint(Lower("field_1"), fields=["field_2"], name="name")
 
     def test_expressions_with_opclasses(self):
         msg = (
-            'UniqueConstraint.opclasses cannot be used with expressions. Use '
-            'django.contrib.postgres.indexes.OpClass() instead.'
+            "UniqueConstraint.opclasses cannot be used with expressions. Use "
+            "django.contrib.postgres.indexes.OpClass() instead."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             models.UniqueConstraint(
-                Lower('field'),
-                name='test_func_opclass',
-                opclasses=['jsonb_path_ops'],
+                Lower("field"),
+                name="test_func_opclass",
+                opclasses=["jsonb_path_ops"],
             )
 
     def test_requires_name(self):
-        msg = 'A unique constraint must be named.'
+        msg = "A unique constraint must be named."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
-            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=['field'])
+            models.UniqueConstraint(fields=["field"])