Refs #33476 -- Reformatted code with Black.

5 files changed, 757 insertions, 620 deletions

diff --git a/tests/admin_changelist/admin.py b/tests/admin_changelist/admin.py
index 929539ea88..67187f5b79 100644
--- a/tests/admin_changelist/admin.py
+++ b/tests/admin_changelist/admin.py
@@ -12,12 +12,14 @@ site.register(User, UserAdmin)
 
 class CustomPaginator(Paginator):
     def __init__(self, queryset, page_size, orphans=0, allow_empty_first_page=True):
-        super().__init__(queryset, 5, orphans=2, allow_empty_first_page=allow_empty_first_page)
+        super().__init__(
+            queryset, 5, orphans=2, allow_empty_first_page=allow_empty_first_page
+        )
 
 
 class EventAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    date_hierarchy = 'date'
-    list_display = ['event_date_func']
+    date_hierarchy = "date"
+    list_display = ["event_date_func"]
 
     @admin.display
     def event_date_func(self, event):
@@ -31,21 +33,21 @@ site.register(Event, EventAdmin)
 
 
 class ParentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_filter = ['child__name']
-    search_fields = ['child__name']
-    list_select_related = ['child']
+    list_filter = ["child__name"]
+    search_fields = ["child__name"]
+    list_select_related = ["child"]
 
 
 class ParentAdminTwoSearchFields(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_filter = ['child__name']
-    search_fields = ['child__name', 'child__age']
-    list_select_related = ['child']
+    list_filter = ["child__name"]
+    search_fields = ["child__name", "child__age"]
+    list_select_related = ["child"]
 
 
 class ChildAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_display = ['name', 'parent']
+    list_display = ["name", "parent"]
     list_per_page = 10
-    list_filter = ['parent', 'age']
+    list_filter = ["parent", "age"]
 
     def get_queryset(self, request):
         return super().get_queryset(request).select_related("parent")
@@ -56,32 +58,32 @@ class CustomPaginationAdmin(ChildAdmin):
 
 
 class FilteredChildAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_display = ['name', 'parent']
+    list_display = ["name", "parent"]
     list_per_page = 10
 
     def get_queryset(self, request):
-        return super().get_queryset(request).filter(name__contains='filtered')
+        return super().get_queryset(request).filter(name__contains="filtered")
 
 
 class BandAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_filter = ['genres']
+    list_filter = ["genres"]
 
 
 class NrOfMembersFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):
-    title = 'number of members'
-    parameter_name = 'nr_of_members_partition'
+    title = "number of members"
+    parameter_name = "nr_of_members_partition"
 
     def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
         return [
-            ('5', '0 - 5'),
-            ('more', 'more than 5'),
+            ("5", "0 - 5"),
+            ("more", "more than 5"),
         ]
 
     def queryset(self, request, queryset):
         value = self.value()
-        if value == '5':
+        if value == "5":
             return queryset.filter(nr_of_members__lte=5)
-        if value == 'more':
+        if value == "more":
             return queryset.filter(nr_of_members__gt=5)
 
 
@@ -93,44 +95,44 @@ site.register(Band, BandCallableFilterAdmin)
 
 
 class GroupAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_filter = ['members']
+    list_filter = ["members"]
 
 
 class ConcertAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_filter = ['group__members']
-    search_fields = ['group__members__name']
+    list_filter = ["group__members"]
+    search_fields = ["group__members__name"]
 
 
 class QuartetAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_filter = ['members']
+    list_filter = ["members"]
 
 
 class ChordsBandAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_filter = ['members']
+    list_filter = ["members"]
 
 
 class InvitationAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_display = ('band', 'player')
-    list_select_related = ('player',)
+    list_display = ("band", "player")
+    list_select_related = ("player",)
 
 
 class DynamicListDisplayChildAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_display = ('parent', 'name', 'age')
+    list_display = ("parent", "name", "age")
 
     def get_list_display(self, request):
         my_list_display = super().get_list_display(request)
-        if request.user.username == 'noparents':
+        if request.user.username == "noparents":
             my_list_display = list(my_list_display)
-            my_list_display.remove('parent')
+            my_list_display.remove("parent")
         return my_list_display
 
 
 class DynamicListDisplayLinksChildAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_display = ('parent', 'name', 'age')
-    list_display_links = ['parent', 'name']
+    list_display = ("parent", "name", "age")
+    list_display_links = ["parent", "name"]
 
     def get_list_display_links(self, request, list_display):
-        return ['age']
+        return ["age"]
 
 
 site.register(Child, DynamicListDisplayChildAdmin)
@@ -138,8 +140,8 @@ site.register(Child, DynamicListDisplayChildAdmin)
 
 class NoListDisplayLinksParentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     list_display_links = None
-    list_display = ['name']
-    list_editable = ['name']
+    list_display = ["name"]
+    list_editable = ["name"]
     actions_on_bottom = True
 
 
@@ -148,8 +150,8 @@ site.register(Parent, NoListDisplayLinksParentAdmin)
 
 class SwallowAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     actions = None  # prevent ['action_checkbox'] + list(list_display)
-    list_display = ('origin', 'load', 'speed', 'swallowonetoone')
-    list_editable = ['load', 'speed']
+    list_display = ("origin", "load", "speed", "swallowonetoone")
+    list_editable = ["load", "speed"]
     list_per_page = 3
 
 
@@ -157,29 +159,29 @@ site.register(Swallow, SwallowAdmin)
 
 
 class DynamicListFilterChildAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_filter = ('parent', 'name', 'age')
+    list_filter = ("parent", "name", "age")
 
     def get_list_filter(self, request):
         my_list_filter = super().get_list_filter(request)
-        if request.user.username == 'noparents':
+        if request.user.username == "noparents":
             my_list_filter = list(my_list_filter)
-            my_list_filter.remove('parent')
+            my_list_filter.remove("parent")
         return my_list_filter
 
 
 class DynamicSearchFieldsChildAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    search_fields = ('name',)
+    search_fields = ("name",)
 
     def get_search_fields(self, request):
         search_fields = super().get_search_fields(request)
-        search_fields += ('age',)
+        search_fields += ("age",)
         return search_fields
 
 
 class EmptyValueChildAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    empty_value_display = '-empty-'
-    list_display = ('name', 'age_display', 'age')
+    empty_value_display = "-empty-"
+    list_display = ("name", "age_display", "age")
 
-    @admin.display(empty_value='†')
+    @admin.display(empty_value="†")
     def age_display(self, obj):
         return obj.age
diff --git a/tests/admin_changelist/models.py b/tests/admin_changelist/models.py
index 81d7fdfb3a..180c38428a 100644
--- a/tests/admin_changelist/models.py
+++ b/tests/admin_changelist/models.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class Musician(models.Model):
 
 class Group(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
-    members = models.ManyToManyField(Musician, through='Membership')
+    members = models.ManyToManyField(Musician, through="Membership")
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class ChordsMusician(Musician):
 
 class ChordsBand(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
-    members = models.ManyToManyField(ChordsMusician, through='Invitation')
+    members = models.ManyToManyField(ChordsMusician, through="Invitation")
 
 
 class Invitation(models.Model):
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class Swallow(models.Model):
     speed = models.FloatField()
 
     class Meta:
-        ordering = ('speed', 'load')
+        ordering = ("speed", "load")
 
 
 class SwallowOneToOne(models.Model):
@@ -93,12 +93,13 @@ class UnorderedObject(models.Model):
     Model without any defined `Meta.ordering`.
     Refs #17198.
     """
+
     bool = models.BooleanField(default=True)
 
 
 class OrderedObjectManager(models.Manager):
     def get_queryset(self):
-        return super().get_queryset().order_by('number')
+        return super().get_queryset().order_by("number")
 
 
 class OrderedObject(models.Model):
@@ -106,9 +107,10 @@ class OrderedObject(models.Model):
     Model with Manager that defines a default order.
     Refs #17198.
     """
+
     name = models.CharField(max_length=255)
     bool = models.BooleanField(default=True)
-    number = models.IntegerField(default=0, db_column='number_val')
+    number = models.IntegerField(default=0, db_column="number_val")
 
     objects = OrderedObjectManager()
 
diff --git a/tests/admin_changelist/test_date_hierarchy.py b/tests/admin_changelist/test_date_hierarchy.py
index a321650b32..a8c10f7cd8 100644
--- a/tests/admin_changelist/test_date_hierarchy.py
+++ b/tests/admin_changelist/test_date_hierarchy.py
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.test import RequestFactory, TestCase
 from django.utils.timezone import make_aware
 
-from .admin import EventAdmin, site as custom_site
+from .admin import EventAdmin
+from .admin import site as custom_site
 from .models import Event
 
 
@@ -14,34 +15,48 @@ class DateHierarchyTests(TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpTestData(cls):
-        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', email='a@b.com', password='xxx')
+        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(
+            username="super", email="a@b.com", password="xxx"
+        )
 
     def assertDateParams(self, query, expected_from_date, expected_to_date):
-        query = {'date__%s' % field: val for field, val in query.items()}
-        request = self.factory.get('/', query)
+        query = {"date__%s" % field: val for field, val in query.items()}
+        request = self.factory.get("/", query)
         request.user = self.superuser
         changelist = EventAdmin(Event, custom_site).get_changelist_instance(request)
         _, _, lookup_params, *_ = changelist.get_filters(request)
-        self.assertEqual(lookup_params['date__gte'], expected_from_date)
-        self.assertEqual(lookup_params['date__lt'], expected_to_date)
+        self.assertEqual(lookup_params["date__gte"], expected_from_date)
+        self.assertEqual(lookup_params["date__lt"], expected_to_date)
 
     def test_bounded_params(self):
         tests = (
-            ({'year': 2017}, datetime(2017, 1, 1), datetime(2018, 1, 1)),
-            ({'year': 2017, 'month': 2}, datetime(2017, 2, 1), datetime(2017, 3, 1)),
-            ({'year': 2017, 'month': 12}, datetime(2017, 12, 1), datetime(2018, 1, 1)),
-            ({'year': 2017, 'month': 12, 'day': 15}, datetime(2017, 12, 15), datetime(2017, 12, 16)),
-            ({'year': 2017, 'month': 12, 'day': 31}, datetime(2017, 12, 31), datetime(2018, 1, 1)),
-            ({'year': 2017, 'month': 2, 'day': 28}, datetime(2017, 2, 28), datetime(2017, 3, 1)),
+            ({"year": 2017}, datetime(2017, 1, 1), datetime(2018, 1, 1)),
+            ({"year": 2017, "month": 2}, datetime(2017, 2, 1), datetime(2017, 3, 1)),
+            ({"year": 2017, "month": 12}, datetime(2017, 12, 1), datetime(2018, 1, 1)),
+            (
+                {"year": 2017, "month": 12, "day": 15},
+                datetime(2017, 12, 15),
+                datetime(2017, 12, 16),
+            ),
+            (
+                {"year": 2017, "month": 12, "day": 31},
+                datetime(2017, 12, 31),
+                datetime(2018, 1, 1),
+            ),
+            (
+                {"year": 2017, "month": 2, "day": 28},
+                datetime(2017, 2, 28),
+                datetime(2017, 3, 1),
+            ),
         )
         for query, expected_from_date, expected_to_date in tests:
             with self.subTest(query=query):
                 self.assertDateParams(query, expected_from_date, expected_to_date)
 
     def test_bounded_params_with_time_zone(self):
-        with self.settings(USE_TZ=True, TIME_ZONE='Asia/Jerusalem'):
+        with self.settings(USE_TZ=True, TIME_ZONE="Asia/Jerusalem"):
             self.assertDateParams(
-                {'year': 2017, 'month': 2, 'day': 28},
+                {"year": 2017, "month": 2, "day": 28},
                 make_aware(datetime(2017, 2, 28)),
                 make_aware(datetime(2017, 3, 1)),
             )
@@ -49,31 +64,33 @@ class DateHierarchyTests(TestCase):
     def test_bounded_params_with_dst_time_zone(self):
         tests = [
             # Northern hemisphere.
-            ('Asia/Jerusalem', 3),
-            ('Asia/Jerusalem', 10),
+            ("Asia/Jerusalem", 3),
+            ("Asia/Jerusalem", 10),
             # Southern hemisphere.
-            ('Pacific/Chatham', 4),
-            ('Pacific/Chatham', 9),
+            ("Pacific/Chatham", 4),
+            ("Pacific/Chatham", 9),
         ]
         for time_zone, month in tests:
             with self.subTest(time_zone=time_zone, month=month):
                 with self.settings(USE_TZ=True, TIME_ZONE=time_zone):
                     self.assertDateParams(
-                        {'year': 2019, 'month': month},
+                        {"year": 2019, "month": month},
                         make_aware(datetime(2019, month, 1)),
                         make_aware(datetime(2019, month + 1, 1)),
                     )
 
     def test_invalid_params(self):
         tests = (
-            {'year': 'x'},
-            {'year': 2017, 'month': 'x'},
-            {'year': 2017, 'month': 12, 'day': 'x'},
-            {'year': 2017, 'month': 13},
-            {'year': 2017, 'month': 12, 'day': 32},
-            {'year': 2017, 'month': 0},
-            {'year': 2017, 'month': 12, 'day': 0},
+            {"year": "x"},
+            {"year": 2017, "month": "x"},
+            {"year": 2017, "month": 12, "day": "x"},
+            {"year": 2017, "month": 13},
+            {"year": 2017, "month": 12, "day": 32},
+            {"year": 2017, "month": 0},
+            {"year": 2017, "month": 12, "day": 0},
         )
         for invalid_query in tests:
-            with self.subTest(query=invalid_query), self.assertRaises(IncorrectLookupParameters):
+            with self.subTest(query=invalid_query), self.assertRaises(
+                IncorrectLookupParameters
+            ):
                 self.assertDateParams(invalid_query, None, None)
diff --git a/tests/admin_changelist/tests.py b/tests/admin_changelist/tests.py
index 86fcab531a..7d6deced7e 100644
--- a/tests/admin_changelist/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_changelist/tests.py
@@ -6,7 +6,12 @@ from django.contrib.admin.options import IncorrectLookupParameters
 from django.contrib.admin.templatetags.admin_list import pagination
 from django.contrib.admin.tests import AdminSeleniumTestCase
 from django.contrib.admin.views.main import (
-    ALL_VAR, IS_POPUP_VAR, ORDER_VAR, PAGE_VAR, SEARCH_VAR, TO_FIELD_VAR,
+    ALL_VAR,
+    IS_POPUP_VAR,
+    ORDER_VAR,
+    PAGE_VAR,
+    SEARCH_VAR,
+    TO_FIELD_VAR,
 )
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
@@ -18,36 +23,64 @@ from django.db.models.lookups import Contains, Exact
 from django.template import Context, Template, TemplateSyntaxError
 from django.test import TestCase, override_settings
 from django.test.client import RequestFactory
-from django.test.utils import (
-    CaptureQueriesContext, isolate_apps, register_lookup,
-)
+from django.test.utils import CaptureQueriesContext, isolate_apps, register_lookup
 from django.urls import reverse
 from django.utils import formats
 
 from .admin import (
-    BandAdmin, ChildAdmin, ChordsBandAdmin, ConcertAdmin,
-    CustomPaginationAdmin, CustomPaginator, DynamicListDisplayChildAdmin,
-    DynamicListDisplayLinksChildAdmin, DynamicListFilterChildAdmin,
-    DynamicSearchFieldsChildAdmin, EmptyValueChildAdmin, EventAdmin,
-    FilteredChildAdmin, GroupAdmin, InvitationAdmin,
-    NoListDisplayLinksParentAdmin, ParentAdmin, ParentAdminTwoSearchFields,
-    QuartetAdmin, SwallowAdmin, site as custom_site,
+    BandAdmin,
+    ChildAdmin,
+    ChordsBandAdmin,
+    ConcertAdmin,
+    CustomPaginationAdmin,
+    CustomPaginator,
+    DynamicListDisplayChildAdmin,
+    DynamicListDisplayLinksChildAdmin,
+    DynamicListFilterChildAdmin,
+    DynamicSearchFieldsChildAdmin,
+    EmptyValueChildAdmin,
+    EventAdmin,
+    FilteredChildAdmin,
+    GroupAdmin,
+    InvitationAdmin,
+    NoListDisplayLinksParentAdmin,
+    ParentAdmin,
+    ParentAdminTwoSearchFields,
+    QuartetAdmin,
+    SwallowAdmin,
 )
+from .admin import site as custom_site
 from .models import (
-    Band, CharPK, Child, ChordsBand, ChordsMusician, Concert, CustomIdUser,
-    Event, Genre, Group, Invitation, Membership, Musician, OrderedObject,
-    Parent, Quartet, Swallow, SwallowOneToOne, UnorderedObject,
+    Band,
+    CharPK,
+    Child,
+    ChordsBand,
+    ChordsMusician,
+    Concert,
+    CustomIdUser,
+    Event,
+    Genre,
+    Group,
+    Invitation,
+    Membership,
+    Musician,
+    OrderedObject,
+    Parent,
+    Quartet,
+    Swallow,
+    SwallowOneToOne,
+    UnorderedObject,
 )
 
 
 def build_tbody_html(pk, href, extra_fields):
     return (
-        '<tbody><tr>'
+        "<tbody><tr>"
         '<td class="action-checkbox">'
         '<input type="checkbox" name="_selected_action" value="{}" '
         'class="action-select"></td>'
         '<th class="field-name"><a href="{}">name</a></th>'
-        '{}</tr></tbody>'
+        "{}</tr></tbody>"
     ).format(pk, href, extra_fields)
 
 
@@ -57,10 +90,14 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpTestData(cls):
-        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', email='a@b.com', password='xxx')
+        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(
+            username="super", email="a@b.com", password="xxx"
+        )
 
     def _create_superuser(self, username):
-        return User.objects.create_superuser(username=username, email='a@b.com', password='xxx')
+        return User.objects.create_superuser(
+            username=username, email="a@b.com", password="xxx"
+        )
 
     def _mocked_authenticated_request(self, url, user):
         request = self.factory.get(url)
@@ -69,36 +106,36 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_repr(self):
         m = ChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
-        self.assertEqual(repr(cl), '<ChangeList: model=Child model_admin=ChildAdmin>')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(cl), "<ChangeList: model=Child model_admin=ChildAdmin>")
 
     def test_specified_ordering_by_f_expression(self):
         class OrderedByFBandAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-            list_display = ['name', 'genres', 'nr_of_members']
+            list_display = ["name", "genres", "nr_of_members"]
             ordering = (
-                F('nr_of_members').desc(nulls_last=True),
-                Upper(F('name')).asc(),
-                F('genres').asc(),
+                F("nr_of_members").desc(nulls_last=True),
+                Upper(F("name")).asc(),
+                F("genres").asc(),
             )
 
         m = OrderedByFBandAdmin(Band, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/band/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/band/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
-        self.assertEqual(cl.get_ordering_field_columns(), {3: 'desc', 2: 'asc'})
+        self.assertEqual(cl.get_ordering_field_columns(), {3: "desc", 2: "asc"})
 
     def test_specified_ordering_by_f_expression_without_asc_desc(self):
         class OrderedByFBandAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-            list_display = ['name', 'genres', 'nr_of_members']
-            ordering = (F('nr_of_members'), Upper('name'), F('genres'))
+            list_display = ["name", "genres", "nr_of_members"]
+            ordering = (F("nr_of_members"), Upper("name"), F("genres"))
 
         m = OrderedByFBandAdmin(Band, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/band/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/band/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
-        self.assertEqual(cl.get_ordering_field_columns(), {3: 'asc', 2: 'asc'})
+        self.assertEqual(cl.get_ordering_field_columns(), {3: "asc", 2: "asc"})
 
     def test_select_related_preserved(self):
         """
@@ -106,85 +143,85 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         overwrite a custom select_related provided by ModelAdmin.get_queryset().
         """
         m = ChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
-        self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.query.select_related, {'parent': {}})
+        self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.query.select_related, {"parent": {}})
 
     def test_select_related_preserved_when_multi_valued_in_search_fields(self):
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='Mary')
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Danielle')
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Daniel')
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="Mary")
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Danielle")
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Daniel")
 
         m = ParentAdmin(Parent, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/parent/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'daniel'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/parent/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "daniel"})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.count(), 1)
         # select_related is preserved.
-        self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.query.select_related, {'child': {}})
+        self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.query.select_related, {"child": {}})
 
     def test_select_related_as_tuple(self):
         ia = InvitationAdmin(Invitation, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/invitation/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/invitation/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = ia.get_changelist_instance(request)
-        self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.query.select_related, {'player': {}})
+        self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.query.select_related, {"player": {}})
 
     def test_select_related_as_empty_tuple(self):
         ia = InvitationAdmin(Invitation, custom_site)
         ia.list_select_related = ()
-        request = self.factory.get('/invitation/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/invitation/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = ia.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertIs(cl.queryset.query.select_related, False)
 
     def test_get_select_related_custom_method(self):
         class GetListSelectRelatedAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-            list_display = ('band', 'player')
+            list_display = ("band", "player")
 
             def get_list_select_related(self, request):
-                return ('band', 'player')
+                return ("band", "player")
 
         ia = GetListSelectRelatedAdmin(Invitation, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/invitation/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/invitation/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = ia.get_changelist_instance(request)
-        self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.query.select_related, {'player': {}, 'band': {}})
+        self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.query.select_related, {"player": {}, "band": {}})
 
     def test_many_search_terms(self):
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='Mary')
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Danielle')
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Daniel')
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="Mary")
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Danielle")
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Daniel")
 
         m = ParentAdmin(Parent, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/parent/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'daniel ' * 80})
+        request = self.factory.get("/parent/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "daniel " * 80})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         with CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as context:
             object_count = cl.queryset.count()
         self.assertEqual(object_count, 1)
-        self.assertEqual(context.captured_queries[0]['sql'].count('JOIN'), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(context.captured_queries[0]["sql"].count("JOIN"), 1)
 
     def test_related_field_multiple_search_terms(self):
         """
         Searches over multi-valued relationships return rows from related
         models only when all searched fields match that row.
         """
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='Mary')
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Danielle', age=18)
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Daniel', age=19)
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="Mary")
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Danielle", age=18)
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Daniel", age=19)
 
         m = ParentAdminTwoSearchFields(Parent, custom_site)
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/parent/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'danielle 19'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/parent/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "danielle 19"})
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.count(), 0)
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/parent/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'daniel 19'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/parent/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "daniel 19"})
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.count(), 1)
@@ -194,78 +231,108 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         Regression test for #14982: EMPTY_CHANGELIST_VALUE should be honored
         for relationship fields
         """
-        new_child = Child.objects.create(name='name', parent=None)
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/')
+        new_child = Child.objects.create(name="name", parent=None)
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         m = ChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         cl.formset = None
-        template = Template('{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}')
-        context = Context({'cl': cl, 'opts': Child._meta})
+        template = Template(
+            "{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}"
+        )
+        context = Context({"cl": cl, "opts": Child._meta})
         table_output = template.render(context)
-        link = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_child_change', args=(new_child.id,))
-        row_html = build_tbody_html(new_child.id, link, '<td class="field-parent nowrap">-</td>')
-        self.assertNotEqual(table_output.find(row_html), -1, 'Failed to find expected row element: %s' % table_output)
+        link = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_child_change", args=(new_child.id,))
+        row_html = build_tbody_html(
+            new_child.id, link, '<td class="field-parent nowrap">-</td>'
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            table_output.find(row_html),
+            -1,
+            "Failed to find expected row element: %s" % table_output,
+        )
 
     def test_result_list_set_empty_value_display_on_admin_site(self):
         """
         Empty value display can be set on AdminSite.
         """
-        new_child = Child.objects.create(name='name', parent=None)
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/')
+        new_child = Child.objects.create(name="name", parent=None)
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         # Set a new empty display value on AdminSite.
-        admin.site.empty_value_display = '???'
+        admin.site.empty_value_display = "???"
         m = ChildAdmin(Child, admin.site)
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         cl.formset = None
-        template = Template('{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}')
-        context = Context({'cl': cl, 'opts': Child._meta})
+        template = Template(
+            "{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}"
+        )
+        context = Context({"cl": cl, "opts": Child._meta})
         table_output = template.render(context)
-        link = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_child_change', args=(new_child.id,))
-        row_html = build_tbody_html(new_child.id, link, '<td class="field-parent nowrap">???</td>')
-        self.assertNotEqual(table_output.find(row_html), -1, 'Failed to find expected row element: %s' % table_output)
+        link = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_child_change", args=(new_child.id,))
+        row_html = build_tbody_html(
+            new_child.id, link, '<td class="field-parent nowrap">???</td>'
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            table_output.find(row_html),
+            -1,
+            "Failed to find expected row element: %s" % table_output,
+        )
 
     def test_result_list_set_empty_value_display_in_model_admin(self):
         """
         Empty value display can be set in ModelAdmin or individual fields.
         """
-        new_child = Child.objects.create(name='name', parent=None)
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/')
+        new_child = Child.objects.create(name="name", parent=None)
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         m = EmptyValueChildAdmin(Child, admin.site)
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         cl.formset = None
-        template = Template('{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}')
-        context = Context({'cl': cl, 'opts': Child._meta})
+        template = Template(
+            "{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}"
+        )
+        context = Context({"cl": cl, "opts": Child._meta})
         table_output = template.render(context)
-        link = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_child_change', args=(new_child.id,))
+        link = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_child_change", args=(new_child.id,))
         row_html = build_tbody_html(
             new_child.id,
             link,
             '<td class="field-age_display">&amp;dagger;</td>'
-            '<td class="field-age">-empty-</td>'
+            '<td class="field-age">-empty-</td>',
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            table_output.find(row_html),
+            -1,
+            "Failed to find expected row element: %s" % table_output,
         )
-        self.assertNotEqual(table_output.find(row_html), -1, 'Failed to find expected row element: %s' % table_output)
 
     def test_result_list_html(self):
         """
         Inclusion tag result_list generates a table when with default
         ModelAdmin settings.
         """
-        new_parent = Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
-        new_child = Child.objects.create(name='name', parent=new_parent)
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/')
+        new_parent = Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
+        new_child = Child.objects.create(name="name", parent=new_parent)
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         m = ChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         cl.formset = None
-        template = Template('{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}')
-        context = Context({'cl': cl, 'opts': Child._meta})
+        template = Template(
+            "{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}"
+        )
+        context = Context({"cl": cl, "opts": Child._meta})
         table_output = template.render(context)
-        link = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_child_change', args=(new_child.id,))
-        row_html = build_tbody_html(new_child.id, link, '<td class="field-parent nowrap">%s</td>' % new_parent)
-        self.assertNotEqual(table_output.find(row_html), -1, 'Failed to find expected row element: %s' % table_output)
+        link = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_child_change", args=(new_child.id,))
+        row_html = build_tbody_html(
+            new_child.id, link, '<td class="field-parent nowrap">%s</td>' % new_parent
+        )
+        self.assertNotEqual(
+            table_output.find(row_html),
+            -1,
+            "Failed to find expected row element: %s" % table_output,
+        )
 
     def test_result_list_editable_html(self):
         """
@@ -276,29 +343,33 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         when list_editable is enabled are rendered in a div outside the
         table.
         """
-        new_parent = Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
-        new_child = Child.objects.create(name='name', parent=new_parent)
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/')
+        new_parent = Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
+        new_child = Child.objects.create(name="name", parent=new_parent)
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         m = ChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
 
         # Test with list_editable fields
-        m.list_display = ['id', 'name', 'parent']
-        m.list_display_links = ['id']
-        m.list_editable = ['name']
+        m.list_display = ["id", "name", "parent"]
+        m.list_display_links = ["id"]
+        m.list_editable = ["name"]
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         FormSet = m.get_changelist_formset(request)
         cl.formset = FormSet(queryset=cl.result_list)
-        template = Template('{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}')
-        context = Context({'cl': cl, 'opts': Child._meta})
+        template = Template(
+            "{% load admin_list %}{% spaceless %}{% result_list cl %}{% endspaceless %}"
+        )
+        context = Context({"cl": cl, "opts": Child._meta})
         table_output = template.render(context)
         # make sure that hidden fields are in the correct place
         hiddenfields_div = (
             '<div class="hiddenfields">'
             '<input type="hidden" name="form-0-id" value="%d" id="id_form-0-id">'
-            '</div>'
+            "</div>"
         ) % new_child.id
-        self.assertInHTML(hiddenfields_div, table_output, msg_prefix='Failed to find hidden fields')
+        self.assertInHTML(
+            hiddenfields_div, table_output, msg_prefix="Failed to find hidden fields"
+        )
 
         # make sure that list editable fields are rendered in divs correctly
         editable_name_field = (
@@ -315,26 +386,26 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         """
         Regression test for #14312: list_editable with pagination
         """
-        new_parent = Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
+        new_parent = Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
         for i in range(1, 201):
-            Child.objects.create(name='name %s' % i, parent=new_parent)
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/', data={'p': -1})  # Anything outside range
+            Child.objects.create(name="name %s" % i, parent=new_parent)
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/", data={"p": -1})  # Anything outside range
         request.user = self.superuser
         m = ChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
 
         # Test with list_editable fields
-        m.list_display = ['id', 'name', 'parent']
-        m.list_display_links = ['id']
-        m.list_editable = ['name']
+        m.list_display = ["id", "name", "parent"]
+        m.list_display_links = ["id"]
+        m.list_editable = ["name"]
         with self.assertRaises(IncorrectLookupParameters):
             m.get_changelist_instance(request)
 
     def test_custom_paginator(self):
-        new_parent = Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
+        new_parent = Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
         for i in range(1, 201):
-            Child.objects.create(name='name %s' % i, parent=new_parent)
+            Child.objects.create(name="name %s" % i, parent=new_parent)
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         m = CustomPaginationAdmin(Child, custom_site)
 
@@ -347,14 +418,14 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         Regression test for #13902: When using a ManyToMany in list_filter,
         results shouldn't appear more than once. Basic ManyToMany.
         """
-        blues = Genre.objects.create(name='Blues')
-        band = Band.objects.create(name='B.B. King Review', nr_of_members=11)
+        blues = Genre.objects.create(name="Blues")
+        band = Band.objects.create(name="B.B. King Review", nr_of_members=11)
 
         band.genres.add(blues)
         band.genres.add(blues)
 
         m = BandAdmin(Band, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/band/', data={'genres': blues.pk})
+        request = self.factory.get("/band/", data={"genres": blues.pk})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
@@ -372,13 +443,13 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         Regression test for #13902: When using a ManyToMany in list_filter,
         results shouldn't appear more than once. With an intermediate model.
         """
-        lead = Musician.objects.create(name='Vox')
-        band = Group.objects.create(name='The Hype')
-        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role='lead voice')
-        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role='bass player')
+        lead = Musician.objects.create(name="Vox")
+        band = Group.objects.create(name="The Hype")
+        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role="lead voice")
+        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role="bass player")
 
         m = GroupAdmin(Group, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/group/', data={'members': lead.pk})
+        request = self.factory.get("/group/", data={"members": lead.pk})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
@@ -396,14 +467,14 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         When using a ManyToMany in list_filter at the second level behind a
         ForeignKey, results shouldn't appear more than once.
         """
-        lead = Musician.objects.create(name='Vox')
-        band = Group.objects.create(name='The Hype')
-        Concert.objects.create(name='Woodstock', group=band)
-        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role='lead voice')
-        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role='bass player')
+        lead = Musician.objects.create(name="Vox")
+        band = Group.objects.create(name="The Hype")
+        Concert.objects.create(name="Woodstock", group=band)
+        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role="lead voice")
+        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role="bass player")
 
         m = ConcertAdmin(Concert, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/concert/', data={'group__members': lead.pk})
+        request = self.factory.get("/concert/", data={"group__members": lead.pk})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
@@ -422,13 +493,13 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         results shouldn't appear more than once. Model managed in the
         admin inherits from the one that defines the relationship.
         """
-        lead = Musician.objects.create(name='John')
-        four = Quartet.objects.create(name='The Beatles')
-        Membership.objects.create(group=four, music=lead, role='lead voice')
-        Membership.objects.create(group=four, music=lead, role='guitar player')
+        lead = Musician.objects.create(name="John")
+        four = Quartet.objects.create(name="The Beatles")
+        Membership.objects.create(group=four, music=lead, role="lead voice")
+        Membership.objects.create(group=four, music=lead, role="guitar player")
 
         m = QuartetAdmin(Quartet, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/quartet/', data={'members': lead.pk})
+        request = self.factory.get("/quartet/", data={"members": lead.pk})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
@@ -447,13 +518,13 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         results shouldn't appear more than once. Target of the relationship
         inherits from another.
         """
-        lead = ChordsMusician.objects.create(name='Player A')
-        three = ChordsBand.objects.create(name='The Chords Trio')
-        Invitation.objects.create(band=three, player=lead, instrument='guitar')
-        Invitation.objects.create(band=three, player=lead, instrument='bass')
+        lead = ChordsMusician.objects.create(name="Player A")
+        three = ChordsBand.objects.create(name="The Chords Trio")
+        Invitation.objects.create(band=three, player=lead, instrument="guitar")
+        Invitation.objects.create(band=three, player=lead, instrument="bass")
 
         m = ChordsBandAdmin(ChordsBand, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/chordsband/', data={'members': lead.pk})
+        request = self.factory.get("/chordsband/", data={"members": lead.pk})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
@@ -471,13 +542,13 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         Regressions tests for #15819: If a field listed in list_filters is a
         non-unique related object, results shouldn't appear more than once.
         """
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='Mary')
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="Mary")
         # Two children with the same name
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Daniel')
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Daniel')
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Daniel")
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Daniel")
 
         m = ParentAdmin(Parent, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/parent/', data={'child__name': 'Daniel'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/parent/", data={"child__name": "Daniel"})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
@@ -491,12 +562,12 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
     def test_changelist_search_form_validation(self):
         m = ConcertAdmin(Concert, custom_site)
         tests = [
-            ({SEARCH_VAR: '\x00'}, 'Null characters are not allowed.'),
-            ({SEARCH_VAR: 'some\x00thing'}, 'Null characters are not allowed.'),
+            ({SEARCH_VAR: "\x00"}, "Null characters are not allowed."),
+            ({SEARCH_VAR: "some\x00thing"}, "Null characters are not allowed."),
         ]
         for case, error in tests:
             with self.subTest(case=case):
-                request = self.factory.get('/concert/', case)
+                request = self.factory.get("/concert/", case)
                 request.user = self.superuser
                 request._messages = CookieStorage(request)
                 m.get_changelist_instance(request)
@@ -509,12 +580,12 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         Regressions tests for #15819: If a field listed in search_fields
         is a non-unique related object, Exists() must be applied.
         """
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='Mary')
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Danielle')
-        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name='Daniel')
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="Mary")
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Danielle")
+        Child.objects.create(parent=parent, name="Daniel")
 
         m = ParentAdmin(Parent, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/parent/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'daniel'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/parent/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "daniel"})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
@@ -531,14 +602,14 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         ForeignKey, Exists() must be applied and results shouldn't appear more
         than once.
         """
-        lead = Musician.objects.create(name='Vox')
-        band = Group.objects.create(name='The Hype')
-        Concert.objects.create(name='Woodstock', group=band)
-        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role='lead voice')
-        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role='bass player')
+        lead = Musician.objects.create(name="Vox")
+        band = Group.objects.create(name="The Hype")
+        Concert.objects.create(name="Woodstock", group=band)
+        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role="lead voice")
+        Membership.objects.create(group=band, music=lead, role="bass player")
 
         m = ConcertAdmin(Concert, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/concert/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'vox'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/concert/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "vox"})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
@@ -554,139 +625,143 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         All rows containing each of the searched words are returned, where each
         word must be in one of search_fields.
         """
-        band_duo = Group.objects.create(name='Duo')
-        band_hype = Group.objects.create(name='The Hype')
-        mary = Musician.objects.create(name='Mary Halvorson')
-        jonathan = Musician.objects.create(name='Jonathan Finlayson')
+        band_duo = Group.objects.create(name="Duo")
+        band_hype = Group.objects.create(name="The Hype")
+        mary = Musician.objects.create(name="Mary Halvorson")
+        jonathan = Musician.objects.create(name="Jonathan Finlayson")
         band_duo.members.set([mary, jonathan])
-        Concert.objects.create(name='Tiny desk concert', group=band_duo)
-        Concert.objects.create(name='Woodstock concert', group=band_hype)
+        Concert.objects.create(name="Tiny desk concert", group=band_duo)
+        Concert.objects.create(name="Woodstock concert", group=band_hype)
         # FK lookup.
         concert_model_admin = ConcertAdmin(Concert, custom_site)
-        concert_model_admin.search_fields = ['group__name', 'name']
+        concert_model_admin.search_fields = ["group__name", "name"]
         # Reverse FK lookup.
         group_model_admin = GroupAdmin(Group, custom_site)
-        group_model_admin.search_fields = ['name', 'concert__name', 'members__name']
+        group_model_admin.search_fields = ["name", "concert__name", "members__name"]
         for search_string, result_count in (
-            ('Duo Concert', 1),
-            ('Tiny Desk Concert', 1),
-            ('Concert', 2),
-            ('Other Concert', 0),
-            ('Duo Woodstock', 0),
+            ("Duo Concert", 1),
+            ("Tiny Desk Concert", 1),
+            ("Concert", 2),
+            ("Other Concert", 0),
+            ("Duo Woodstock", 0),
         ):
             with self.subTest(search_string=search_string):
                 # FK lookup.
-                request = self.factory.get('/concert/', data={SEARCH_VAR: search_string})
+                request = self.factory.get(
+                    "/concert/", data={SEARCH_VAR: search_string}
+                )
                 request.user = self.superuser
-                concert_changelist = concert_model_admin.get_changelist_instance(request)
+                concert_changelist = concert_model_admin.get_changelist_instance(
+                    request
+                )
                 self.assertEqual(concert_changelist.queryset.count(), result_count)
                 # Reverse FK lookup.
-                request = self.factory.get('/group/', data={SEARCH_VAR: search_string})
+                request = self.factory.get("/group/", data={SEARCH_VAR: search_string})
                 request.user = self.superuser
                 group_changelist = group_model_admin.get_changelist_instance(request)
                 self.assertEqual(group_changelist.queryset.count(), result_count)
         # Many-to-many lookup.
         for search_string, result_count in (
-            ('Finlayson Duo Tiny', 1),
-            ('Finlayson', 1),
-            ('Finlayson Hype', 0),
-            ('Jonathan Finlayson Duo', 1),
-            ('Mary Jonathan Duo', 0),
-            ('Oscar Finlayson Duo', 0),
+            ("Finlayson Duo Tiny", 1),
+            ("Finlayson", 1),
+            ("Finlayson Hype", 0),
+            ("Jonathan Finlayson Duo", 1),
+            ("Mary Jonathan Duo", 0),
+            ("Oscar Finlayson Duo", 0),
         ):
             with self.subTest(search_string=search_string):
-                request = self.factory.get('/group/', data={SEARCH_VAR: search_string})
+                request = self.factory.get("/group/", data={SEARCH_VAR: search_string})
                 request.user = self.superuser
                 group_changelist = group_model_admin.get_changelist_instance(request)
                 self.assertEqual(group_changelist.queryset.count(), result_count)
 
     def test_pk_in_search_fields(self):
-        band = Group.objects.create(name='The Hype')
-        Concert.objects.create(name='Woodstock', group=band)
+        band = Group.objects.create(name="The Hype")
+        Concert.objects.create(name="Woodstock", group=band)
 
         m = ConcertAdmin(Concert, custom_site)
-        m.search_fields = ['group__pk']
+        m.search_fields = ["group__pk"]
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/concert/', data={SEARCH_VAR: band.pk})
+        request = self.factory.get("/concert/", data={SEARCH_VAR: band.pk})
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.count(), 1)
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/concert/', data={SEARCH_VAR: band.pk + 5})
+        request = self.factory.get("/concert/", data={SEARCH_VAR: band.pk + 5})
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertEqual(cl.queryset.count(), 0)
 
     def test_builtin_lookup_in_search_fields(self):
-        band = Group.objects.create(name='The Hype')
-        concert = Concert.objects.create(name='Woodstock', group=band)
+        band = Group.objects.create(name="The Hype")
+        concert = Concert.objects.create(name="Woodstock", group=band)
 
         m = ConcertAdmin(Concert, custom_site)
-        m.search_fields = ['name__iexact']
+        m.search_fields = ["name__iexact"]
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'woodstock'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "woodstock"})
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertCountEqual(cl.queryset, [concert])
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'wood'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "wood"})
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertCountEqual(cl.queryset, [])
 
     def test_custom_lookup_in_search_fields(self):
-        band = Group.objects.create(name='The Hype')
-        concert = Concert.objects.create(name='Woodstock', group=band)
+        band = Group.objects.create(name="The Hype")
+        concert = Concert.objects.create(name="Woodstock", group=band)
 
         m = ConcertAdmin(Concert, custom_site)
-        m.search_fields = ['group__name__cc']
-        with register_lookup(Field, Contains, lookup_name='cc'):
-            request = self.factory.get('/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'Hype'})
+        m.search_fields = ["group__name__cc"]
+        with register_lookup(Field, Contains, lookup_name="cc"):
+            request = self.factory.get("/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "Hype"})
             request.user = self.superuser
             cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
             self.assertCountEqual(cl.queryset, [concert])
 
-            request = self.factory.get('/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'Woodstock'})
+            request = self.factory.get("/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "Woodstock"})
             request.user = self.superuser
             cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
             self.assertCountEqual(cl.queryset, [])
 
     def test_spanning_relations_with_custom_lookup_in_search_fields(self):
-        hype = Group.objects.create(name='The Hype')
-        concert = Concert.objects.create(name='Woodstock', group=hype)
-        vox = Musician.objects.create(name='Vox', age=20)
+        hype = Group.objects.create(name="The Hype")
+        concert = Concert.objects.create(name="Woodstock", group=hype)
+        vox = Musician.objects.create(name="Vox", age=20)
         Membership.objects.create(music=vox, group=hype)
         # Register a custom lookup on IntegerField to ensure that field
         # traversing logic in ModelAdmin.get_search_results() works.
-        with register_lookup(IntegerField, Exact, lookup_name='exactly'):
+        with register_lookup(IntegerField, Exact, lookup_name="exactly"):
             m = ConcertAdmin(Concert, custom_site)
-            m.search_fields = ['group__members__age__exactly']
+            m.search_fields = ["group__members__age__exactly"]
 
-            request = self.factory.get('/', data={SEARCH_VAR: '20'})
+            request = self.factory.get("/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "20"})
             request.user = self.superuser
             cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
             self.assertCountEqual(cl.queryset, [concert])
 
-            request = self.factory.get('/', data={SEARCH_VAR: '21'})
+            request = self.factory.get("/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "21"})
             request.user = self.superuser
             cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
             self.assertCountEqual(cl.queryset, [])
 
     def test_custom_lookup_with_pk_shortcut(self):
-        self.assertEqual(CharPK._meta.pk.name, 'char_pk')  # Not equal to 'pk'.
+        self.assertEqual(CharPK._meta.pk.name, "char_pk")  # Not equal to 'pk'.
         m = admin.ModelAdmin(CustomIdUser, custom_site)
 
-        abc = CharPK.objects.create(char_pk='abc')
-        abcd = CharPK.objects.create(char_pk='abcd')
+        abc = CharPK.objects.create(char_pk="abc")
+        abcd = CharPK.objects.create(char_pk="abcd")
         m = admin.ModelAdmin(CharPK, custom_site)
-        m.search_fields = ['pk__exact']
+        m.search_fields = ["pk__exact"]
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'abc'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "abc"})
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertCountEqual(cl.queryset, [abc])
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/', data={SEARCH_VAR: 'abcd'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/", data={SEARCH_VAR: "abcd"})
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         self.assertCountEqual(cl.queryset, [abcd])
@@ -697,29 +772,29 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         the changelist's query shouldn't have Exists().
         """
         m = BandAdmin(Band, custom_site)
-        for lookup_params in ({}, {'name': 'test'}):
-            request = self.factory.get('/band/', lookup_params)
+        for lookup_params in ({}, {"name": "test"}):
+            request = self.factory.get("/band/", lookup_params)
             request.user = self.superuser
             cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
-            self.assertNotIn(' EXISTS', str(cl.queryset.query))
+            self.assertNotIn(" EXISTS", str(cl.queryset.query))
 
         # A ManyToManyField in params does have Exists() applied.
-        request = self.factory.get('/band/', {'genres': '0'})
+        request = self.factory.get("/band/", {"genres": "0"})
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
-        self.assertIn(' EXISTS', str(cl.queryset.query))
+        self.assertIn(" EXISTS", str(cl.queryset.query))
 
     def test_pagination(self):
         """
         Regression tests for #12893: Pagination in admins changelist doesn't
         use queryset set by modeladmin.
         """
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='anything')
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="anything")
         for i in range(1, 31):
-            Child.objects.create(name='name %s' % i, parent=parent)
-            Child.objects.create(name='filtered %s' % i, parent=parent)
+            Child.objects.create(name="name %s" % i, parent=parent)
+            Child.objects.create(name="filtered %s" % i, parent=parent)
 
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/")
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         # Test default queryset
@@ -743,7 +818,7 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         """
         self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
         event = Event.objects.create(date=datetime.date.today())
-        response = self.client.get(reverse('admin:admin_changelist_event_changelist'))
+        response = self.client.get(reverse("admin:admin_changelist_event_changelist"))
         self.assertContains(response, formats.localize(event.date))
         self.assertNotContains(response, str(event.date))
 
@@ -751,52 +826,52 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         """
         Regression tests for #14206: dynamic list_display support.
         """
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
         for i in range(10):
-            Child.objects.create(name='child %s' % i, parent=parent)
+            Child.objects.create(name="child %s" % i, parent=parent)
 
-        user_noparents = self._create_superuser('noparents')
-        user_parents = self._create_superuser('parents')
+        user_noparents = self._create_superuser("noparents")
+        user_parents = self._create_superuser("parents")
 
         # Test with user 'noparents'
         m = custom_site._registry[Child]
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/child/', user_noparents)
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/child/", user_noparents)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
-        self.assertNotContains(response, 'Parent object')
+        self.assertNotContains(response, "Parent object")
 
         list_display = m.get_list_display(request)
         list_display_links = m.get_list_display_links(request, list_display)
-        self.assertEqual(list_display, ['name', 'age'])
-        self.assertEqual(list_display_links, ['name'])
+        self.assertEqual(list_display, ["name", "age"])
+        self.assertEqual(list_display_links, ["name"])
 
         # Test with user 'parents'
         m = DynamicListDisplayChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/child/', user_parents)
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/child/", user_parents)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
-        self.assertContains(response, 'Parent object')
+        self.assertContains(response, "Parent object")
 
         custom_site.unregister(Child)
 
         list_display = m.get_list_display(request)
         list_display_links = m.get_list_display_links(request, list_display)
-        self.assertEqual(list_display, ('parent', 'name', 'age'))
-        self.assertEqual(list_display_links, ['parent'])
+        self.assertEqual(list_display, ("parent", "name", "age"))
+        self.assertEqual(list_display_links, ["parent"])
 
         # Test default implementation
         custom_site.register(Child, ChildAdmin)
         m = custom_site._registry[Child]
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/child/', user_noparents)
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/child/", user_noparents)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
-        self.assertContains(response, 'Parent object')
+        self.assertContains(response, "Parent object")
 
     def test_show_all(self):
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='anything')
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="anything")
         for i in range(1, 31):
-            Child.objects.create(name='name %s' % i, parent=parent)
-            Child.objects.create(name='filtered %s' % i, parent=parent)
+            Child.objects.create(name="name %s" % i, parent=parent)
+            Child.objects.create(name="filtered %s" % i, parent=parent)
 
         # Add "show all" parameter to request
-        request = self.factory.get('/child/', data={ALL_VAR: ''})
+        request = self.factory.get("/child/", data={ALL_VAR: ""})
         request.user = self.superuser
 
         # Test valid "show all" request (number of total objects is under max)
@@ -820,52 +895,52 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         """
         Regression tests for #16257: dynamic list_display_links support.
         """
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
         for i in range(1, 10):
-            Child.objects.create(id=i, name='child %s' % i, parent=parent, age=i)
+            Child.objects.create(id=i, name="child %s" % i, parent=parent, age=i)
 
         m = DynamicListDisplayLinksChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/child/', superuser)
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/child/", superuser)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
         for i in range(1, 10):
-            link = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_child_change', args=(i,))
+            link = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_child_change", args=(i,))
             self.assertContains(response, '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (link, i))
 
         list_display = m.get_list_display(request)
         list_display_links = m.get_list_display_links(request, list_display)
-        self.assertEqual(list_display, ('parent', 'name', 'age'))
-        self.assertEqual(list_display_links, ['age'])
+        self.assertEqual(list_display, ("parent", "name", "age"))
+        self.assertEqual(list_display_links, ["age"])
 
     def test_no_list_display_links(self):
         """#15185 -- Allow no links from the 'change list' view grid."""
-        p = Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
+        p = Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
         m = NoListDisplayLinksParentAdmin(Parent, custom_site)
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/parent/', superuser)
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/parent/", superuser)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
-        link = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_parent_change', args=(p.pk,))
+        link = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_parent_change", args=(p.pk,))
         self.assertNotContains(response, '<a href="%s">' % link)
 
     def test_clear_all_filters_link(self):
         self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
-        url = reverse('admin:auth_user_changelist')
+        url = reverse("admin:auth_user_changelist")
         response = self.client.get(url)
-        self.assertNotContains(response, '&#10006; Clear all filters')
+        self.assertNotContains(response, "&#10006; Clear all filters")
         link = '<a href="%s">&#10006; Clear all filters</a>'
         for data, href in (
-            ({'is_staff__exact': '0'}, '?'),
+            ({"is_staff__exact": "0"}, "?"),
             (
-                {'is_staff__exact': '0', 'username__startswith': 'test'},
-                '?username__startswith=test',
+                {"is_staff__exact": "0", "username__startswith": "test"},
+                "?username__startswith=test",
             ),
             (
-                {'is_staff__exact': '0', SEARCH_VAR: 'test'},
-                '?%s=test' % SEARCH_VAR,
+                {"is_staff__exact": "0", SEARCH_VAR: "test"},
+                "?%s=test" % SEARCH_VAR,
             ),
             (
-                {'is_staff__exact': '0', IS_POPUP_VAR: 'id'},
-                '?%s=id' % IS_POPUP_VAR,
+                {"is_staff__exact": "0", IS_POPUP_VAR: "id"},
+                "?%s=id" % IS_POPUP_VAR,
             ),
         ):
             with self.subTest(data=data):
@@ -874,19 +949,19 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_clear_all_filters_link_callable_filter(self):
         self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
-        url = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_band_changelist')
+        url = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_band_changelist")
         response = self.client.get(url)
-        self.assertNotContains(response, '&#10006; Clear all filters')
+        self.assertNotContains(response, "&#10006; Clear all filters")
         link = '<a href="%s">&#10006; Clear all filters</a>'
         for data, href in (
-            ({'nr_of_members_partition': '5'}, '?'),
+            ({"nr_of_members_partition": "5"}, "?"),
             (
-                {'nr_of_members_partition': 'more', 'name__startswith': 'test'},
-                '?name__startswith=test',
+                {"nr_of_members_partition": "more", "name__startswith": "test"},
+                "?name__startswith=test",
             ),
             (
-                {'nr_of_members_partition': '5', IS_POPUP_VAR: 'id'},
-                '?%s=id' % IS_POPUP_VAR,
+                {"nr_of_members_partition": "5", IS_POPUP_VAR: "id"},
+                "?%s=id" % IS_POPUP_VAR,
             ),
         ):
             with self.subTest(data=data):
@@ -895,28 +970,28 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_no_clear_all_filters_link(self):
         self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
-        url = reverse('admin:auth_user_changelist')
-        link = '>&#10006; Clear all filters</a>'
+        url = reverse("admin:auth_user_changelist")
+        link = ">&#10006; Clear all filters</a>"
         for data in (
-            {SEARCH_VAR: 'test'},
-            {ORDER_VAR: '-1'},
-            {TO_FIELD_VAR: 'id'},
-            {PAGE_VAR: '1'},
-            {IS_POPUP_VAR: '1'},
-            {'username__startswith': 'test'},
+            {SEARCH_VAR: "test"},
+            {ORDER_VAR: "-1"},
+            {TO_FIELD_VAR: "id"},
+            {PAGE_VAR: "1"},
+            {IS_POPUP_VAR: "1"},
+            {"username__startswith": "test"},
         ):
             with self.subTest(data=data):
                 response = self.client.get(url, data=data)
                 self.assertNotContains(response, link)
 
     def test_tuple_list_display(self):
-        swallow = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Africa', load='12.34', speed='22.2')
-        swallow2 = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Africa', load='12.34', speed='22.2')
+        swallow = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Africa", load="12.34", speed="22.2")
+        swallow2 = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Africa", load="12.34", speed="22.2")
         swallow_o2o = SwallowOneToOne.objects.create(swallow=swallow2)
 
         model_admin = SwallowAdmin(Swallow, custom_site)
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/swallow/', superuser)
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/swallow/", superuser)
         response = model_admin.changelist_view(request)
         # just want to ensure it doesn't blow up during rendering
         self.assertContains(response, str(swallow.origin))
@@ -924,7 +999,9 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         self.assertContains(response, str(swallow.speed))
         # Reverse one-to-one relations should work.
         self.assertContains(response, '<td class="field-swallowonetoone">-</td>')
-        self.assertContains(response, '<td class="field-swallowonetoone">%s</td>' % swallow_o2o)
+        self.assertContains(
+            response, '<td class="field-swallowonetoone">%s</td>' % swallow_o2o
+        )
 
     def test_multiuser_edit(self):
         """
@@ -945,150 +1022,152 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
 
         # Setup the test to reflect the DB state after step 2 where User2 has
         # edited the first swallow object's speed from '4' to '1'.
-        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow A', load=4, speed=1)
-        b = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow B', load=2, speed=2)
-        c = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow C', load=5, speed=5)
-        d = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow D', load=9, speed=9)
+        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow A", load=4, speed=1)
+        b = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow B", load=2, speed=2)
+        c = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow C", load=5, speed=5)
+        d = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow D", load=9, speed=9)
 
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
         self.client.force_login(superuser)
-        changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist')
+        changelist_url = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist")
 
         # Send the POST from User1 for step 3. It's still using the changelist
         # ordering from before User2's edits in step 2.
         data = {
-            'form-TOTAL_FORMS': '3',
-            'form-INITIAL_FORMS': '3',
-            'form-MIN_NUM_FORMS': '0',
-            'form-MAX_NUM_FORMS': '1000',
-            'form-0-uuid': str(d.pk),
-            'form-1-uuid': str(c.pk),
-            'form-2-uuid': str(a.pk),
-            'form-0-load': '9.0',
-            'form-0-speed': '9.0',
-            'form-1-load': '5.0',
-            'form-1-speed': '5.0',
-            'form-2-load': '5.0',
-            'form-2-speed': '4.0',
-            '_save': 'Save',
+            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
+            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
+            "form-MIN_NUM_FORMS": "0",
+            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "1000",
+            "form-0-uuid": str(d.pk),
+            "form-1-uuid": str(c.pk),
+            "form-2-uuid": str(a.pk),
+            "form-0-load": "9.0",
+            "form-0-speed": "9.0",
+            "form-1-load": "5.0",
+            "form-1-speed": "5.0",
+            "form-2-load": "5.0",
+            "form-2-speed": "4.0",
+            "_save": "Save",
         }
-        response = self.client.post(changelist_url, data, follow=True, extra={'o': '-2'})
+        response = self.client.post(
+            changelist_url, data, follow=True, extra={"o": "-2"}
+        )
 
         # The object User1 edited in step 3 is displayed on the changelist and
         # has the correct edits applied.
-        self.assertContains(response, '1 swallow was changed successfully.')
+        self.assertContains(response, "1 swallow was changed successfully.")
         self.assertContains(response, a.origin)
         a.refresh_from_db()
-        self.assertEqual(a.load, float(data['form-2-load']))
-        self.assertEqual(a.speed, float(data['form-2-speed']))
+        self.assertEqual(a.load, float(data["form-2-load"]))
+        self.assertEqual(a.speed, float(data["form-2-speed"]))
         b.refresh_from_db()
         self.assertEqual(b.load, 2)
         self.assertEqual(b.speed, 2)
         c.refresh_from_db()
-        self.assertEqual(c.load, float(data['form-1-load']))
-        self.assertEqual(c.speed, float(data['form-1-speed']))
+        self.assertEqual(c.load, float(data["form-1-load"]))
+        self.assertEqual(c.speed, float(data["form-1-speed"]))
         d.refresh_from_db()
-        self.assertEqual(d.load, float(data['form-0-load']))
-        self.assertEqual(d.speed, float(data['form-0-speed']))
+        self.assertEqual(d.load, float(data["form-0-load"]))
+        self.assertEqual(d.speed, float(data["form-0-speed"]))
         # No new swallows were created.
         self.assertEqual(len(Swallow.objects.all()), 4)
 
     def test_get_edited_object_ids(self):
-        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow A', load=4, speed=1)
-        b = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow B', load=2, speed=2)
-        c = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow C', load=5, speed=5)
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
+        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow A", load=4, speed=1)
+        b = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow B", load=2, speed=2)
+        c = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow C", load=5, speed=5)
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
         self.client.force_login(superuser)
-        changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist')
+        changelist_url = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist")
         m = SwallowAdmin(Swallow, custom_site)
         data = {
-            'form-TOTAL_FORMS': '3',
-            'form-INITIAL_FORMS': '3',
-            'form-MIN_NUM_FORMS': '0',
-            'form-MAX_NUM_FORMS': '1000',
-            'form-0-uuid': str(a.pk),
-            'form-1-uuid': str(b.pk),
-            'form-2-uuid': str(c.pk),
-            'form-0-load': '9.0',
-            'form-0-speed': '9.0',
-            'form-1-load': '5.0',
-            'form-1-speed': '5.0',
-            'form-2-load': '5.0',
-            'form-2-speed': '4.0',
-            '_save': 'Save',
+            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "3",
+            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "3",
+            "form-MIN_NUM_FORMS": "0",
+            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "1000",
+            "form-0-uuid": str(a.pk),
+            "form-1-uuid": str(b.pk),
+            "form-2-uuid": str(c.pk),
+            "form-0-load": "9.0",
+            "form-0-speed": "9.0",
+            "form-1-load": "5.0",
+            "form-1-speed": "5.0",
+            "form-2-load": "5.0",
+            "form-2-speed": "4.0",
+            "_save": "Save",
         }
         request = self.factory.post(changelist_url, data=data)
-        pks = m._get_edited_object_pks(request, prefix='form')
+        pks = m._get_edited_object_pks(request, prefix="form")
         self.assertEqual(sorted(pks), sorted([str(a.pk), str(b.pk), str(c.pk)]))
 
     def test_get_list_editable_queryset(self):
-        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow A', load=4, speed=1)
-        Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow B', load=2, speed=2)
+        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow A", load=4, speed=1)
+        Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow B", load=2, speed=2)
         data = {
-            'form-TOTAL_FORMS': '2',
-            'form-INITIAL_FORMS': '2',
-            'form-MIN_NUM_FORMS': '0',
-            'form-MAX_NUM_FORMS': '1000',
-            'form-0-uuid': str(a.pk),
-            'form-0-load': '10',
-            '_save': 'Save',
+            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "2",
+            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "2",
+            "form-MIN_NUM_FORMS": "0",
+            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "1000",
+            "form-0-uuid": str(a.pk),
+            "form-0-load": "10",
+            "_save": "Save",
         }
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
         self.client.force_login(superuser)
-        changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist')
+        changelist_url = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist")
         m = SwallowAdmin(Swallow, custom_site)
         request = self.factory.post(changelist_url, data=data)
-        queryset = m._get_list_editable_queryset(request, prefix='form')
+        queryset = m._get_list_editable_queryset(request, prefix="form")
         self.assertEqual(queryset.count(), 1)
-        data['form-0-uuid'] = 'INVALD_PRIMARY_KEY'
+        data["form-0-uuid"] = "INVALD_PRIMARY_KEY"
         # The unfiltered queryset is returned if there's invalid data.
         request = self.factory.post(changelist_url, data=data)
-        queryset = m._get_list_editable_queryset(request, prefix='form')
+        queryset = m._get_list_editable_queryset(request, prefix="form")
         self.assertEqual(queryset.count(), 2)
 
     def test_get_list_editable_queryset_with_regex_chars_in_prefix(self):
-        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow A', load=4, speed=1)
-        Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow B', load=2, speed=2)
+        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow A", load=4, speed=1)
+        Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow B", load=2, speed=2)
         data = {
-            'form$-TOTAL_FORMS': '2',
-            'form$-INITIAL_FORMS': '2',
-            'form$-MIN_NUM_FORMS': '0',
-            'form$-MAX_NUM_FORMS': '1000',
-            'form$-0-uuid': str(a.pk),
-            'form$-0-load': '10',
-            '_save': 'Save',
+            "form$-TOTAL_FORMS": "2",
+            "form$-INITIAL_FORMS": "2",
+            "form$-MIN_NUM_FORMS": "0",
+            "form$-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "1000",
+            "form$-0-uuid": str(a.pk),
+            "form$-0-load": "10",
+            "_save": "Save",
         }
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
         self.client.force_login(superuser)
-        changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist')
+        changelist_url = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist")
         m = SwallowAdmin(Swallow, custom_site)
         request = self.factory.post(changelist_url, data=data)
-        queryset = m._get_list_editable_queryset(request, prefix='form$')
+        queryset = m._get_list_editable_queryset(request, prefix="form$")
         self.assertEqual(queryset.count(), 1)
 
     def test_changelist_view_list_editable_changed_objects_uses_filter(self):
         """list_editable edits use a filtered queryset to limit memory usage."""
-        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow A', load=4, speed=1)
-        Swallow.objects.create(origin='Swallow B', load=2, speed=2)
+        a = Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow A", load=4, speed=1)
+        Swallow.objects.create(origin="Swallow B", load=2, speed=2)
         data = {
-            'form-TOTAL_FORMS': '2',
-            'form-INITIAL_FORMS': '2',
-            'form-MIN_NUM_FORMS': '0',
-            'form-MAX_NUM_FORMS': '1000',
-            'form-0-uuid': str(a.pk),
-            'form-0-load': '10',
-            '_save': 'Save',
+            "form-TOTAL_FORMS": "2",
+            "form-INITIAL_FORMS": "2",
+            "form-MIN_NUM_FORMS": "0",
+            "form-MAX_NUM_FORMS": "1000",
+            "form-0-uuid": str(a.pk),
+            "form-0-load": "10",
+            "_save": "Save",
         }
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
         self.client.force_login(superuser)
-        changelist_url = reverse('admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist')
+        changelist_url = reverse("admin:admin_changelist_swallow_changelist")
         with CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as context:
             response = self.client.post(changelist_url, data=data)
             self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
-            self.assertIn('WHERE', context.captured_queries[4]['sql'])
-            self.assertIn('IN', context.captured_queries[4]['sql'])
+            self.assertIn("WHERE", context.captured_queries[4]["sql"])
+            self.assertIn("IN", context.captured_queries[4]["sql"])
             # Check only the first few characters since the UUID may have dashes.
-            self.assertIn(str(a.pk)[:8], context.captured_queries[4]['sql'])
+            self.assertIn(str(a.pk)[:8], context.captured_queries[4]["sql"])
 
     def test_deterministic_order_for_unordered_model(self):
         """
@@ -1096,7 +1175,7 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         guarantee a deterministic order, even when the model doesn't have any
         default ordering defined (#17198).
         """
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
 
         for counter in range(1, 51):
             UnorderedObject.objects.create(id=counter, bool=True)
@@ -1109,9 +1188,11 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
             model_admin = UnorderedObjectAdmin(UnorderedObject, custom_site)
             counter = 0 if ascending else 51
             for page in range(1, 6):
-                request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/unorderedobject/?p=%s' % page, superuser)
+                request = self._mocked_authenticated_request(
+                    "/unorderedobject/?p=%s" % page, superuser
+                )
                 response = model_admin.changelist_view(request)
-                for result in response.context_data['cl'].result_list:
+                for result in response.context_data["cl"].result_list:
                     counter += 1 if ascending else -1
                     self.assertEqual(result.id, counter)
             custom_site.unregister(UnorderedObject)
@@ -1121,17 +1202,17 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
 
         # When an order field is defined but multiple records have the same
         # value for that field, make sure everything gets ordered by -pk as well.
-        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['bool']
+        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["bool"]
         check_results_order()
 
         # When order fields are defined, including the pk itself, use them.
-        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['bool', '-pk']
+        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["bool", "-pk"]
         check_results_order()
-        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['bool', 'pk']
+        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["bool", "pk"]
         check_results_order(ascending=True)
-        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['-id', 'bool']
+        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["-id", "bool"]
         check_results_order()
-        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['id', 'bool']
+        UnorderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["id", "bool"]
         check_results_order(ascending=True)
 
     def test_deterministic_order_for_model_ordered_by_its_manager(self):
@@ -1140,7 +1221,7 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         guarantee a deterministic order, even when the model has a manager that
         defines a default ordering (#17198).
         """
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
 
         for counter in range(1, 51):
             OrderedObject.objects.create(id=counter, bool=True, number=counter)
@@ -1153,9 +1234,11 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
             model_admin = OrderedObjectAdmin(OrderedObject, custom_site)
             counter = 0 if ascending else 51
             for page in range(1, 6):
-                request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/orderedobject/?p=%s' % page, superuser)
+                request = self._mocked_authenticated_request(
+                    "/orderedobject/?p=%s" % page, superuser
+                )
                 response = model_admin.changelist_view(request)
-                for result in response.context_data['cl'].result_list:
+                for result in response.context_data["cl"].result_list:
                     counter += 1 if ascending else -1
                     self.assertEqual(result.id, counter)
             custom_site.unregister(OrderedObject)
@@ -1165,26 +1248,26 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
 
         # When an order field is defined but multiple records have the same
         # value for that field, make sure everything gets ordered by -pk as well.
-        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['bool']
+        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["bool"]
         check_results_order()
 
         # When order fields are defined, including the pk itself, use them.
-        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['bool', '-pk']
+        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["bool", "-pk"]
         check_results_order()
-        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['bool', 'pk']
+        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["bool", "pk"]
         check_results_order(ascending=True)
-        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['-id', 'bool']
+        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["-id", "bool"]
         check_results_order()
-        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ['id', 'bool']
+        OrderedObjectAdmin.ordering = ["id", "bool"]
         check_results_order(ascending=True)
 
-    @isolate_apps('admin_changelist')
+    @isolate_apps("admin_changelist")
     def test_total_ordering_optimization(self):
         class Related(models.Model):
             unique_field = models.BooleanField(unique=True)
 
             class Meta:
-                ordering = ('unique_field',)
+                ordering = ("unique_field",)
 
         class Model(models.Model):
             unique_field = models.BooleanField(unique=True)
@@ -1198,64 +1281,69 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
 
             class Meta:
                 unique_together = {
-                    ('field', 'other_field'),
-                    ('field', 'null_field'),
-                    ('related', 'other_related_id'),
+                    ("field", "other_field"),
+                    ("field", "null_field"),
+                    ("related", "other_related_id"),
                 }
 
         class ModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
             def get_queryset(self, request):
                 return Model.objects.none()
 
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/', self.superuser)
-        site = admin.AdminSite(name='admin')
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/", self.superuser)
+        site = admin.AdminSite(name="admin")
         model_admin = ModelAdmin(Model, site)
         change_list = model_admin.get_changelist_instance(request)
         tests = (
-            ([], ['-pk']),
+            ([], ["-pk"]),
             # Unique non-nullable field.
-            (['unique_field'], ['unique_field']),
-            (['-unique_field'], ['-unique_field']),
+            (["unique_field"], ["unique_field"]),
+            (["-unique_field"], ["-unique_field"]),
             # Unique nullable field.
-            (['unique_nullable_field'], ['unique_nullable_field', '-pk']),
+            (["unique_nullable_field"], ["unique_nullable_field", "-pk"]),
             # Field.
-            (['field'], ['field', '-pk']),
+            (["field"], ["field", "-pk"]),
             # Related field introspection is not implemented.
-            (['related__unique_field'], ['related__unique_field', '-pk']),
+            (["related__unique_field"], ["related__unique_field", "-pk"]),
             # Related attname unique.
-            (['related_unique_id'], ['related_unique_id']),
+            (["related_unique_id"], ["related_unique_id"]),
             # Related ordering introspection is not implemented.
-            (['related_unique'], ['related_unique', '-pk']),
+            (["related_unique"], ["related_unique", "-pk"]),
             # Composite unique.
-            (['field', '-other_field'], ['field', '-other_field']),
+            (["field", "-other_field"], ["field", "-other_field"]),
             # Composite unique nullable.
-            (['-field', 'null_field'], ['-field', 'null_field', '-pk']),
+            (["-field", "null_field"], ["-field", "null_field", "-pk"]),
             # Composite unique and nullable.
-            (['-field', 'null_field', 'other_field'], ['-field', 'null_field', 'other_field']),
+            (
+                ["-field", "null_field", "other_field"],
+                ["-field", "null_field", "other_field"],
+            ),
             # Composite unique attnames.
-            (['related_id', '-other_related_id'], ['related_id', '-other_related_id']),
+            (["related_id", "-other_related_id"], ["related_id", "-other_related_id"]),
             # Composite unique names.
-            (['related', '-other_related_id'], ['related', '-other_related_id', '-pk']),
+            (["related", "-other_related_id"], ["related", "-other_related_id", "-pk"]),
         )
         # F() objects composite unique.
-        total_ordering = [F('field'), F('other_field').desc(nulls_last=True)]
+        total_ordering = [F("field"), F("other_field").desc(nulls_last=True)]
         # F() objects composite unique nullable.
-        non_total_ordering = [F('field'), F('null_field').desc(nulls_last=True)]
+        non_total_ordering = [F("field"), F("null_field").desc(nulls_last=True)]
         tests += (
             (total_ordering, total_ordering),
-            (non_total_ordering, non_total_ordering + ['-pk']),
+            (non_total_ordering, non_total_ordering + ["-pk"]),
         )
         for ordering, expected in tests:
             with self.subTest(ordering=ordering):
-                self.assertEqual(change_list._get_deterministic_ordering(ordering), expected)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    change_list._get_deterministic_ordering(ordering), expected
+                )
 
-    @isolate_apps('admin_changelist')
+    @isolate_apps("admin_changelist")
     def test_total_ordering_optimization_meta_constraints(self):
         class Related(models.Model):
             unique_field = models.BooleanField(unique=True)
 
             class Meta:
-                ordering = ('unique_field',)
+                ordering = ("unique_field",)
 
         class Model(models.Model):
             field_1 = models.BooleanField()
@@ -1274,28 +1362,28 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
             class Meta:
                 constraints = [
                     *[
-                        models.UniqueConstraint(fields=fields, name=''.join(fields))
+                        models.UniqueConstraint(fields=fields, name="".join(fields))
                         for fields in (
-                            ['field_1'],
-                            ['nullable_1'],
-                            ['related_1'],
-                            ['related_2_id'],
-                            ['field_2', 'field_3'],
-                            ['field_2', 'nullable_2'],
-                            ['field_2', 'related_3'],
-                            ['field_3', 'related_4_id'],
+                            ["field_1"],
+                            ["nullable_1"],
+                            ["related_1"],
+                            ["related_2_id"],
+                            ["field_2", "field_3"],
+                            ["field_2", "nullable_2"],
+                            ["field_2", "related_3"],
+                            ["field_3", "related_4_id"],
                         )
                     ],
-                    models.CheckConstraint(check=models.Q(id__gt=0), name='foo'),
+                    models.CheckConstraint(check=models.Q(id__gt=0), name="foo"),
                     models.UniqueConstraint(
-                        fields=['field_5'],
+                        fields=["field_5"],
                         condition=models.Q(id__gt=10),
-                        name='total_ordering_1',
+                        name="total_ordering_1",
                     ),
                     models.UniqueConstraint(
-                        fields=['field_6'],
+                        fields=["field_6"],
                         condition=models.Q(),
-                        name='total_ordering',
+                        name="total_ordering",
                     ),
                 ]
 
@@ -1303,73 +1391,77 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
             def get_queryset(self, request):
                 return Model.objects.none()
 
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/', self.superuser)
-        site = admin.AdminSite(name='admin')
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/", self.superuser)
+        site = admin.AdminSite(name="admin")
         model_admin = ModelAdmin(Model, site)
         change_list = model_admin.get_changelist_instance(request)
         tests = (
             # Unique non-nullable field.
-            (['field_1'], ['field_1']),
+            (["field_1"], ["field_1"]),
             # Unique nullable field.
-            (['nullable_1'], ['nullable_1', '-pk']),
+            (["nullable_1"], ["nullable_1", "-pk"]),
             # Related attname unique.
-            (['related_1_id'], ['related_1_id']),
-            (['related_2_id'], ['related_2_id']),
+            (["related_1_id"], ["related_1_id"]),
+            (["related_2_id"], ["related_2_id"]),
             # Related ordering introspection is not implemented.
-            (['related_1'], ['related_1', '-pk']),
+            (["related_1"], ["related_1", "-pk"]),
             # Composite unique.
-            (['-field_2', 'field_3'], ['-field_2', 'field_3']),
+            (["-field_2", "field_3"], ["-field_2", "field_3"]),
             # Composite unique nullable.
-            (['field_2', '-nullable_2'], ['field_2', '-nullable_2', '-pk']),
+            (["field_2", "-nullable_2"], ["field_2", "-nullable_2", "-pk"]),
             # Composite unique and nullable.
             (
-                ['field_2', '-nullable_2', 'field_3'],
-                ['field_2', '-nullable_2', 'field_3'],
+                ["field_2", "-nullable_2", "field_3"],
+                ["field_2", "-nullable_2", "field_3"],
             ),
             # Composite field and related field name.
-            (['field_2', '-related_3'], ['field_2', '-related_3', '-pk']),
-            (['field_3', 'related_4'], ['field_3', 'related_4', '-pk']),
+            (["field_2", "-related_3"], ["field_2", "-related_3", "-pk"]),
+            (["field_3", "related_4"], ["field_3", "related_4", "-pk"]),
             # Composite field and related field attname.
-            (['field_2', 'related_3_id'], ['field_2', 'related_3_id']),
-            (['field_3', '-related_4_id'], ['field_3', '-related_4_id']),
+            (["field_2", "related_3_id"], ["field_2", "related_3_id"]),
+            (["field_3", "-related_4_id"], ["field_3", "-related_4_id"]),
             # Partial unique constraint is ignored.
-            (['field_5'], ['field_5', '-pk']),
+            (["field_5"], ["field_5", "-pk"]),
             # Unique constraint with an empty condition.
-            (['field_6'], ['field_6']),
+            (["field_6"], ["field_6"]),
         )
         for ordering, expected in tests:
             with self.subTest(ordering=ordering):
-                self.assertEqual(change_list._get_deterministic_ordering(ordering), expected)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    change_list._get_deterministic_ordering(ordering), expected
+                )
 
     def test_dynamic_list_filter(self):
         """
         Regression tests for ticket #17646: dynamic list_filter support.
         """
-        parent = Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
+        parent = Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
         for i in range(10):
-            Child.objects.create(name='child %s' % i, parent=parent)
+            Child.objects.create(name="child %s" % i, parent=parent)
 
-        user_noparents = self._create_superuser('noparents')
-        user_parents = self._create_superuser('parents')
+        user_noparents = self._create_superuser("noparents")
+        user_parents = self._create_superuser("parents")
 
         # Test with user 'noparents'
         m = DynamicListFilterChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/child/', user_noparents)
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/child/", user_noparents)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.context_data['cl'].list_filter, ['name', 'age'])
+        self.assertEqual(response.context_data["cl"].list_filter, ["name", "age"])
 
         # Test with user 'parents'
         m = DynamicListFilterChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/child/', user_parents)
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/child/", user_parents)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.context_data['cl'].list_filter, ('parent', 'name', 'age'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            response.context_data["cl"].list_filter, ("parent", "name", "age")
+        )
 
     def test_dynamic_search_fields(self):
-        child = self._create_superuser('child')
+        child = self._create_superuser("child")
         m = DynamicSearchFieldsChildAdmin(Child, custom_site)
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/child/', child)
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/child/", child)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.context_data['cl'].search_fields, ('name', 'age'))
+        self.assertEqual(response.context_data["cl"].search_fields, ("name", "age"))
 
     def test_pagination_page_range(self):
         """
@@ -1378,7 +1470,7 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
         """
         # instantiating and setting up ChangeList object
         m = GroupAdmin(Group, custom_site)
-        request = self.factory.get('/group/')
+        request = self.factory.get("/group/")
         request.user = self.superuser
         cl = m.get_changelist_instance(request)
         cl.list_per_page = 10
@@ -1401,144 +1493,148 @@ class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
                 # assuming exactly `pages * cl.list_per_page` objects
                 Group.objects.all().delete()
                 for i in range(pages * cl.list_per_page):
-                    Group.objects.create(name='test band')
+                    Group.objects.create(name="test band")
 
                 # setting page number and calculating page range
                 cl.page_num = number
                 cl.get_results(request)
-                self.assertEqual(list(pagination(cl)['page_range']), expected)
+                self.assertEqual(list(pagination(cl)["page_range"]), expected)
 
     def test_object_tools_displayed_no_add_permission(self):
         """
         When ModelAdmin.has_add_permission() returns False, the object-tools
         block is still shown.
         """
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
         m = EventAdmin(Event, custom_site)
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/event/', superuser)
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/event/", superuser)
         self.assertFalse(m.has_add_permission(request))
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
         self.assertIn('<ul class="object-tools">', response.rendered_content)
         # The "Add" button inside the object-tools shouldn't appear.
-        self.assertNotIn('Add ', response.rendered_content)
+        self.assertNotIn("Add ", response.rendered_content)
 
     def test_search_help_text(self):
-        superuser = self._create_superuser('superuser')
+        superuser = self._create_superuser("superuser")
         m = BandAdmin(Band, custom_site)
         # search_fields without search_help_text.
-        m.search_fields = ['name']
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/band/', superuser)
+        m.search_fields = ["name"]
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/band/", superuser)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
-        self.assertIsNone(response.context_data['cl'].search_help_text)
+        self.assertIsNone(response.context_data["cl"].search_help_text)
         self.assertNotContains(response, '<div class="help">')
         # search_fields with search_help_text.
-        m.search_help_text = 'Search help text'
-        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request('/band/', superuser)
+        m.search_help_text = "Search help text"
+        request = self._mocked_authenticated_request("/band/", superuser)
         response = m.changelist_view(request)
-        self.assertEqual(response.context_data['cl'].search_help_text, 'Search help text')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            response.context_data["cl"].search_help_text, "Search help text"
+        )
         self.assertContains(response, '<div class="help">Search help text</div>')
 
 
 class GetAdminLogTests(TestCase):
-
     def test_custom_user_pk_not_named_id(self):
         """
         {% get_admin_log %} works if the user model's primary key isn't named
         'id'.
         """
-        context = Context({'user': CustomIdUser()})
-        template = Template('{% load log %}{% get_admin_log 10 as admin_log for_user user %}')
+        context = Context({"user": CustomIdUser()})
+        template = Template(
+            "{% load log %}{% get_admin_log 10 as admin_log for_user user %}"
+        )
         # This template tag just logs.
-        self.assertEqual(template.render(context), '')
+        self.assertEqual(template.render(context), "")
 
     def test_no_user(self):
         """{% get_admin_log %} works without specifying a user."""
-        user = User(username='jondoe', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
+        user = User(username="jondoe", password="secret", email="super@example.com")
         user.save()
         ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(User)
         LogEntry.objects.log_action(user.pk, ct.pk, user.pk, repr(user), 1)
         t = Template(
-            '{% load log %}'
-            '{% get_admin_log 100 as admin_log %}'
-            '{% for entry in admin_log %}'
-            '{{ entry|safe }}'
-            '{% endfor %}'
+            "{% load log %}"
+            "{% get_admin_log 100 as admin_log %}"
+            "{% for entry in admin_log %}"
+            "{{ entry|safe }}"
+            "{% endfor %}"
         )
-        self.assertEqual(t.render(Context({})), 'Added “<User: jondoe>”.')
+        self.assertEqual(t.render(Context({})), "Added “<User: jondoe>”.")
 
     def test_missing_args(self):
         msg = "'get_admin_log' statements require two arguments"
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TemplateSyntaxError, msg):
-            Template('{% load log %}{% get_admin_log 10 as %}')
+            Template("{% load log %}{% get_admin_log 10 as %}")
 
     def test_non_integer_limit(self):
         msg = "First argument to 'get_admin_log' must be an integer"
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TemplateSyntaxError, msg):
-            Template('{% load log %}{% get_admin_log "10" as admin_log for_user user %}')
+            Template(
+                '{% load log %}{% get_admin_log "10" as admin_log for_user user %}'
+            )
 
     def test_without_as(self):
         msg = "Second argument to 'get_admin_log' must be 'as'"
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TemplateSyntaxError, msg):
-            Template('{% load log %}{% get_admin_log 10 ad admin_log for_user user %}')
+            Template("{% load log %}{% get_admin_log 10 ad admin_log for_user user %}")
 
     def test_without_for_user(self):
         msg = "Fourth argument to 'get_admin_log' must be 'for_user'"
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(TemplateSyntaxError, msg):
-            Template('{% load log %}{% get_admin_log 10 as admin_log foruser user %}')
+            Template("{% load log %}{% get_admin_log 10 as admin_log foruser user %}")
 
 
-@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_changelist.urls')
+@override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="admin_changelist.urls")
 class SeleniumTests(AdminSeleniumTestCase):
 
-    available_apps = ['admin_changelist'] + AdminSeleniumTestCase.available_apps
+    available_apps = ["admin_changelist"] + AdminSeleniumTestCase.available_apps
 
     def setUp(self):
-        User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email=None)
+        User.objects.create_superuser(username="super", password="secret", email=None)
 
     def test_add_row_selection(self):
         """
         The status line for selected rows gets updated correctly (#22038).
         """
         from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
-        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret')
-        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:auth_user_changelist'))
 
-        form_id = '#changelist-form'
+        self.admin_login(username="super", password="secret")
+        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse("admin:auth_user_changelist"))
+
+        form_id = "#changelist-form"
 
         # Test amount of rows in the Changelist
         rows = self.selenium.find_elements(
-            By.CSS_SELECTOR,
-            '%s #result_list tbody tr' % form_id
+            By.CSS_SELECTOR, "%s #result_list tbody tr" % form_id
         )
         self.assertEqual(len(rows), 1)
         row = rows[0]
 
         selection_indicator = self.selenium.find_element(
-            By.CSS_SELECTOR,
-            '%s .action-counter' % form_id
+            By.CSS_SELECTOR, "%s .action-counter" % form_id
         )
-        all_selector = self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, 'action-toggle')
+        all_selector = self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, "action-toggle")
         row_selector = self.selenium.find_element(
             By.CSS_SELECTOR,
-            '%s #result_list tbody tr:first-child .action-select' % form_id
+            "%s #result_list tbody tr:first-child .action-select" % form_id,
         )
 
         # Test current selection
         self.assertEqual(selection_indicator.text, "0 of 1 selected")
-        self.assertIs(all_selector.get_property('checked'), False)
-        self.assertEqual(row.get_attribute('class'), '')
+        self.assertIs(all_selector.get_property("checked"), False)
+        self.assertEqual(row.get_attribute("class"), "")
 
         # Select a row and check again
         row_selector.click()
         self.assertEqual(selection_indicator.text, "1 of 1 selected")
-        self.assertIs(all_selector.get_property('checked'), True)
-        self.assertEqual(row.get_attribute('class'), 'selected')
+        self.assertIs(all_selector.get_property("checked"), True)
+        self.assertEqual(row.get_attribute("class"), "selected")
 
         # Deselect a row and check again
         row_selector.click()
         self.assertEqual(selection_indicator.text, "0 of 1 selected")
-        self.assertIs(all_selector.get_property('checked'), False)
-        self.assertEqual(row.get_attribute('class'), '')
+        self.assertIs(all_selector.get_property("checked"), False)
+        self.assertEqual(row.get_attribute("class"), "")
 
     def test_modifier_allows_multiple_section(self):
         """
@@ -1549,89 +1645,105 @@ class SeleniumTests(AdminSeleniumTestCase):
         from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
         from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
 
-        Parent.objects.bulk_create([Parent(name='parent%d' % i) for i in range(5)])
-        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret')
-        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist'))
-        checkboxes = self.selenium.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'tr input.action-select')
+        Parent.objects.bulk_create([Parent(name="parent%d" % i) for i in range(5)])
+        self.admin_login(username="super", password="secret")
+        self.selenium.get(
+            self.live_server_url + reverse("admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist")
+        )
+        checkboxes = self.selenium.find_elements(
+            By.CSS_SELECTOR, "tr input.action-select"
+        )
         self.assertEqual(len(checkboxes), 5)
         for c in checkboxes:
-            self.assertIs(c.get_property('checked'), False)
+            self.assertIs(c.get_property("checked"), False)
         # Check first row. Hold-shift and check next-to-last row.
         checkboxes[0].click()
-        ActionChains(self.selenium).key_down(Keys.SHIFT).click(checkboxes[-2]).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).perform()
+        ActionChains(self.selenium).key_down(Keys.SHIFT).click(checkboxes[-2]).key_up(
+            Keys.SHIFT
+        ).perform()
         for c in checkboxes[:-2]:
-            self.assertIs(c.get_property('checked'), True)
-        self.assertIs(checkboxes[-1].get_property('checked'), False)
+            self.assertIs(c.get_property("checked"), True)
+        self.assertIs(checkboxes[-1].get_property("checked"), False)
 
     def test_select_all_across_pages(self):
         from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
-        Parent.objects.bulk_create([Parent(name='parent%d' % i) for i in range(101)])
-        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret')
-        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist'))
 
-        selection_indicator = self.selenium.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.action-counter')
-        select_all_indicator = self.selenium.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.actions .all')
-        question = self.selenium.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.actions > .question')
-        clear = self.selenium.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.actions > .clear')
-        select_all = self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, 'action-toggle')
-        select_across = self.selenium.find_elements(By.NAME, 'select_across')
+        Parent.objects.bulk_create([Parent(name="parent%d" % i) for i in range(101)])
+        self.admin_login(username="super", password="secret")
+        self.selenium.get(
+            self.live_server_url + reverse("admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist")
+        )
+
+        selection_indicator = self.selenium.find_element(
+            By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".action-counter"
+        )
+        select_all_indicator = self.selenium.find_element(
+            By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".actions .all"
+        )
+        question = self.selenium.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".actions > .question")
+        clear = self.selenium.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".actions > .clear")
+        select_all = self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, "action-toggle")
+        select_across = self.selenium.find_elements(By.NAME, "select_across")
 
         self.assertIs(question.is_displayed(), False)
         self.assertIs(clear.is_displayed(), False)
-        self.assertIs(select_all.get_property('checked'), False)
+        self.assertIs(select_all.get_property("checked"), False)
         for hidden_input in select_across:
-            self.assertEqual(hidden_input.get_property('value'), '0')
+            self.assertEqual(hidden_input.get_property("value"), "0")
         self.assertIs(selection_indicator.is_displayed(), True)
-        self.assertEqual(selection_indicator.text, '0 of 100 selected')
+        self.assertEqual(selection_indicator.text, "0 of 100 selected")
         self.assertIs(select_all_indicator.is_displayed(), False)
 
         select_all.click()
         self.assertIs(question.is_displayed(), True)
         self.assertIs(clear.is_displayed(), False)
-        self.assertIs(select_all.get_property('checked'), True)
+        self.assertIs(select_all.get_property("checked"), True)
         for hidden_input in select_across:
-            self.assertEqual(hidden_input.get_property('value'), '0')
+            self.assertEqual(hidden_input.get_property("value"), "0")
         self.assertIs(selection_indicator.is_displayed(), True)
-        self.assertEqual(selection_indicator.text, '100 of 100 selected')
+        self.assertEqual(selection_indicator.text, "100 of 100 selected")
         self.assertIs(select_all_indicator.is_displayed(), False)
 
         question.click()
         self.assertIs(question.is_displayed(), False)
         self.assertIs(clear.is_displayed(), True)
-        self.assertIs(select_all.get_property('checked'), True)
+        self.assertIs(select_all.get_property("checked"), True)
         for hidden_input in select_across:
-            self.assertEqual(hidden_input.get_property('value'), '1')
+            self.assertEqual(hidden_input.get_property("value"), "1")
         self.assertIs(selection_indicator.is_displayed(), False)
         self.assertIs(select_all_indicator.is_displayed(), True)
 
         clear.click()
         self.assertIs(question.is_displayed(), False)
         self.assertIs(clear.is_displayed(), False)
-        self.assertIs(select_all.get_property('checked'), False)
+        self.assertIs(select_all.get_property("checked"), False)
         for hidden_input in select_across:
-            self.assertEqual(hidden_input.get_property('value'), '0')
+            self.assertEqual(hidden_input.get_property("value"), "0")
         self.assertIs(selection_indicator.is_displayed(), True)
-        self.assertEqual(selection_indicator.text, '0 of 100 selected')
+        self.assertEqual(selection_indicator.text, "0 of 100 selected")
         self.assertIs(select_all_indicator.is_displayed(), False)
 
     def test_actions_warn_on_pending_edits(self):
         from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
-        Parent.objects.create(name='foo')
 
-        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret')
-        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist'))
+        Parent.objects.create(name="foo")
 
-        name_input = self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, 'id_form-0-name')
+        self.admin_login(username="super", password="secret")
+        self.selenium.get(
+            self.live_server_url + reverse("admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist")
+        )
+
+        name_input = self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, "id_form-0-name")
         name_input.clear()
-        name_input.send_keys('bar')
-        self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, 'action-toggle').click()
-        self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, 'index').click()  # Go
+        name_input.send_keys("bar")
+        self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, "action-toggle").click()
+        self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, "index").click()  # Go
         alert = self.selenium.switch_to.alert
         try:
             self.assertEqual(
                 alert.text,
-                'You have unsaved changes on individual editable fields. If you '
-                'run an action, your unsaved changes will be lost.'
+                "You have unsaved changes on individual editable fields. If you "
+                "run an action, your unsaved changes will be lost.",
             )
         finally:
             alert.dismiss()
@@ -1640,25 +1752,27 @@ class SeleniumTests(AdminSeleniumTestCase):
         from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
         from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
 
-        Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
+        Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
 
-        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret')
-        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist'))
+        self.admin_login(username="super", password="secret")
+        self.selenium.get(
+            self.live_server_url + reverse("admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist")
+        )
 
-        name_input = self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, 'id_form-0-name')
+        name_input = self.selenium.find_element(By.ID, "id_form-0-name")
         name_input.clear()
-        name_input.send_keys('other name')
-        Select(
-            self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, 'action')
-        ).select_by_value('delete_selected')
-        self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, '_save').click()
+        name_input.send_keys("other name")
+        Select(self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, "action")).select_by_value(
+            "delete_selected"
+        )
+        self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, "_save").click()
         alert = self.selenium.switch_to.alert
         try:
             self.assertEqual(
                 alert.text,
-                'You have selected an action, but you haven’t saved your '
-                'changes to individual fields yet. Please click OK to save. '
-                'You’ll need to re-run the action.',
+                "You have selected an action, but you haven’t saved your "
+                "changes to individual fields yet. Please click OK to save. "
+                "You’ll need to re-run the action.",
             )
         finally:
             alert.dismiss()
@@ -1667,22 +1781,24 @@ class SeleniumTests(AdminSeleniumTestCase):
         from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
         from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
 
-        Parent.objects.create(name='parent')
+        Parent.objects.create(name="parent")
 
-        self.admin_login(username='super', password='secret')
-        self.selenium.get(self.live_server_url + reverse('admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist'))
+        self.admin_login(username="super", password="secret")
+        self.selenium.get(
+            self.live_server_url + reverse("admin:admin_changelist_parent_changelist")
+        )
 
-        Select(
-            self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, 'action')
-        ).select_by_value('delete_selected')
-        self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, '_save').click()
+        Select(self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, "action")).select_by_value(
+            "delete_selected"
+        )
+        self.selenium.find_element(By.NAME, "_save").click()
         alert = self.selenium.switch_to.alert
         try:
             self.assertEqual(
                 alert.text,
-                'You have selected an action, and you haven’t made any '
-                'changes on individual fields. You’re probably looking for '
-                'the Go button rather than the Save button.',
+                "You have selected an action, and you haven’t made any "
+                "changes on individual fields. You’re probably looking for "
+                "the Go button rather than the Save button.",
             )
         finally:
             alert.dismiss()
diff --git a/tests/admin_changelist/urls.py b/tests/admin_changelist/urls.py
index be569cdca5..ad9b44c9fc 100644
--- a/tests/admin_changelist/urls.py
+++ b/tests/admin_changelist/urls.py
@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ from django.urls import path
 from . import admin
 
 urlpatterns = [
-    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
+    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
 ]