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================================================
Easy command-line interpreters with cmd and cmd2
================================================
:author: Catherine Devlin
:date: 2010-02-20
:slides: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/cmd2
Web 2.0
=======
.. image:: web-2-0-logos.gif
:height: 350px
But first...
============
.. image:: sargon.jpg
:height: 250px
.. image:: akkad.png
:height: 250px
Sargon the Great
Founder of Akkadian Empire
.. twenty-third century BC
In between
==========
.. image:: apple.jpg
:height: 250px
Command-Line Interface
Unlike the Akkadian Empire,
the CLI will never die.
Defining CLI
============
Also known as
- "Line-oriented command interpreter"
- "Command-line interface"
- "Shell"
1. Accepts free text input at prompt
2. Outputs lines of text
3. (repeat)
Examples
========
.. class:: big
* Bash, Korn, zsh
* Python shell
* screen
* Zork
* SQL clients: psql, SQL*\Plus, mysql...
* ed
.. ``ed`` proves that CLI is sometimes the wrong answer.
!= Command Line Utilities
=========================
.. class:: big
(``ls``, ``grep``, ``ping``, etc.)
1. Accept arguments at invocation
2. execute
3. terminate
Use ``sys.argv``, ``optparse``
!="Text User Interface"
=======================
* Use entire (session) screen
* I/O is *not* line-by-line
* See ``curses``, ``urwid``
.. image:: urwid.png
:height: 250px
Decide your priorities
======================
.. image:: strategy.png
:height: 350px
A ``cmd`` app: pirate.py
========================
::
from cmd import Cmd
class Pirate(Cmd):
pass
pirate = Pirate()
pirate.cmdloop()
.. Nothing here... but history and help
.. ctrl-r for bash-style history
Fundamental prrrinciple
=======================
.. class:: huge
``(Cmd) foo a b c``
becomes
``self.do_foo('a b c')``
``do_``-methods: pirate2.py
===========================
::
class Pirate(Cmd):
gold = 3
def do_loot(self, arg):
'Seize booty frrrom a passing ship.'
self.gold += 1
print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'
.format(self.gold))
def do_drink(self, arg):
'Drown your sorrrows in rrrum.'
self.gold -= 1
print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'
.format(self.gold))
.. do_methods; more help
Hooks
=====
.. image:: hook.jpg
:height: 250px
::
self.preloop()
self.postloop()
self.precmd(line)
self.postcmd(stop, line)
Hooks: pirate3.py
=================
::
def do_loot(self, arg):
'Seize booty from a passing ship.'
self.gold += 1
def do_drink(self, arg):
'Drown your sorrrows in rrrum.'
self.gold -= 1
def precmd(self, line):
self.initial_gold = self.gold
return line
def postcmd(self, stop, line):
if self.gold != self.initial_gold:
print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'
.format(self.gold))
Arguments: pirate4.py
=====================
::
def do_drink(self, arg):
'''Drown your sorrrows in rrrum.
drink [n] - drink [n] barrel[s] o' rum.'''
try:
self.gold -= int(arg)
except:
if arg:
print('''What's "{0}"? I'll take rrrum.'''
.format(arg))
self.gold -= 1
quitting: pirate5.py
====================
::
def postcmd(self, stop, line):
if self.gold != self.initial_gold:
print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'
.format(self.gold))
if self.gold < 0:
print("Off to debtorrr's prison.")
stop = True
return stop
def do_quit(self, arg):
print("Quiterrr!")
return True
prompts, defaults: pirate6.py
=============================
::
prompt = 'arrr> '
def default(self, line):
print('What mean ye by "{0}"?'
.format(line))
Other CLI packages
==================
.. class:: big
* CmdLoop
* cly
* CMdO
* pycopia
* cmdlin
* cmd2
Demo
====
.. class:: huge
Convert ``cmd`` app to ``cmd2``
cmd2
====
.. image:: schematic.png
:height: 350px
As you wish, Guido
==================
.. class:: huge
Python 3 compatible
(um, mostly)
Absolutely free
===============
Script files
Commands at invocation
Output redirection
Python
Transcript testing
But wait, there's more
======================
* Abbreviated commands
* Shell commands
* Quitting
* Timing
* Echo
* Debug
Minor changes: pirate7.py
=========================
::
default_to_shell = True
multilineCommands = ['sing']
terminators = Cmd.terminators + ['...']
songcolor = 'blue'
settable = Cmd.settable + 'songcolor Color to ``sing`` in (red/blue/green/cyan/magenta, bold, underline)'
Cmd.shortcuts.update({'~': 'sing'})
def do_sing(self, arg):
print(self.colorize(arg, self.songcolor))
Now how much would you pay?
===========================
options / flags
Quiet (suppress feedback)
BASH-style ``select``
Parsing: terminators, suffixes
Options: pirate8.py
===================
::
@options([make_option('--ho', type='int', default=2,
help="How often to chant 'ho'"),
make_option('-c', '--commas',
action="store_true",
help="Intersperse commas")])
def do_yo(self, arg, opts):
chant = ['yo'] + ['ho'] * opts.ho
separator = ', ' if opts.commas else ' '
chant = separator.join(chant)
print('{0} and a bottle of {1}'
.format(chant, arg))
Serious example: sqlpython
==========================
.. class:: big
``cmd``-based app by Luca Canali @ CERN
Replacement for Oracle SQL\*Plus
Now ``cmd2``-based; postgreSQL; MySQL
File reporter
=============
.. class:: huge
Gather info: Python
Store: postgresql
Report: html
fileutil.py
===========
::
import glob
import os.path
for fullfilename in glob.glob('/home/cat/proj/cmd2/*.py'):
(dirpath, fname) = os.path.split(fullfilename)
stats = os.stat(fullfilename)
binds['path'] = dirpath
binds['name'] = fname
binds['bytes'] = stats.st_size
cmd("""INSERT INTO cat.files (path, name, bytes)
VALUES (%(path)s, %(name)s, %(bytes)s)""")
quit()
sqlpython features
==================
.. class:: big
* from ``cmd2``: scripts, redirection,
py, etc.
* multiple connections
* UNIX: ls, cat, grep
* Special output
Thank you
=========
.. class:: big
http://pypi.python.org/pypi/cmd2
http://catherinedevlin.blogspot.com
http://catherinedevlin.pythoneers.com
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