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.\" -*-Nroff-*-
.\" This page Copyright (C) 1993 Matt Welsh, mdw@sunsite.unc.edu.
.\" Long options where added at April 15th, 2011.
.\" Freely distributable under the terms of the GPL
.TH FREE 1 "Apr 2015" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
free \- Display amount of free and used memory in the system
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B free
.RI [ options ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B free
displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the
system, as well as the buffers and caches used by the kernel. The
information is gathered by parsing /proc/meminfo. The displayed
columns are:
.TP
\fBtotal\fR
Total installed memory (MemTotal and SwapTotal in /proc/meminfo)
.TP
\fBused\fR
Used memory (calculated as \fBtotal\fR - \fBfree\fR - \fBbuffers\fR - \fBcache\fR)
.TP
\fBfree\fR
Unused memory (MemFree and SwapFree in /proc/meminfo)
.TP
\fBshared\fR
Memory used (mostly) by tmpfs (Shmem in /proc/meminfo, available on
kernels 2.6.32, displayed as zero if not available)
.TP
\fBbuffers\fR
Memory used by kernel buffers (Buffers in /proc/meminfo)
.TP
\fBcache\fR
Memory used by the page cache and slabs (Cached and Slab in /proc/meminfo)
.TP
\fBbuff/cache\fR
Sum of \fBbuffers\fR and \fBcache\fR
.TP
\fBavailable\fR
Estimation of how much memory is available for starting
new applications, without swapping. Unlike the data
provided by the \fBcache\fR or \fBfree\fR fields,
this field takes into account page cache and also that
not all reclaimable memory slabs will be reclaimed
due to items being in use (MemAvailable in /proc/meminfo, available on
kernels 3.14, emulated on kernels 2.6.27+, otherwise the same as \fBfree\fR)
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-bytes\fR
Display the amount of memory in bytes.
.TP
\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-kibi\fR
Display the amount of memory in kibibytes. This is the default.
.TP
\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mebi\fR
Display the amount of memory in mebibytes.
.TP
\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gibi\fR
Display the amount of memory in gibibytes.
.TP
\fB\-\-tebi\fR
Display the amount of memory in tebibytes.
.TP
\fB\-\-pebi\fR
Display the amount of memory in pebibytes.
.TP
\fB\-\-kilo\fR
Display the amount of memory in kilobytes. Implies --si.
.TP
\fB\-\-mega\fR
Display the amount of memory in megabytes. Implies --si.
.TP
\fB\-\-giga\fR
Display the amount of memory in gigabytes. Implies --si.
.TP
\fB\-\-tera\fR
Display the amount of memory in terabytes. Implies --si.
.TP
\fB\-\-peta\fR
Display the amount of memory in petabytes. Implies --si.
.TP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-human\fP
Show all output fields automatically scaled to shortest three digit unit and
display the units of print out. Following units are used.
.sp
.nf
B = bytes
K = kibibyte
M = mebibyte
G = gibibyte
T = tebibyte
P = pebibyte
.fi
.sp
If unit is missing, and you have exbibyte of RAM or swap, the number is in
tebibytes and columns might not be aligned with header.
.TP
\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-wide\fR
Switch to the wide mode. The wide mode produces lines longer
than 80 characters. In this mode \fBbuffers\fR and \fBcache\fR
are reported in two separate columns.
.TP
\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-count\fR \fIcount\fR
Display the result
.I count
times. Requires the
.B \-s
option.
.TP
\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lohi\fR
Show detailed low and high memory statistics.
.TP
\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-seconds\fR \fIseconds\fR
Continuously display the result delay
.I seconds
apart. You may actually specify any floating point number for
.IR delay ,
.BR usleep (3)
is used for microsecond resolution delay times.
.TP
\fB\-\-si\fR
Use kilo, mega, giga etc (power of 1000) instead of kibi, mebi, gibi (power
of 1024).
.TP
\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-total\fR
Display a line showing the column totals.
.TP
\fB\-\-help\fR
Print help.
.TP
\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
Display version information.
.PD
.SH FILES
.TP
/proc/meminfo
memory information
.PD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR ps (1),
.BR slabtop (1),
.BR top "(1),
.BR vmstat (8).
.SH AUTHORS
Written by Brian Edmonds.
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
Please send bug reports to
.UR procps@freelists.org
.UE
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