Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2016g.

DST law changes in Turkey.  Historical corrections for America/Los_Angeles,
Europe/Kirov, Europe/Moscow, Europe/Samara, and Europe/Ulyanovsk.
Rename Asia/Rangoon to Asia/Yangon, with a backward compatibility link.

The IANA crew continue their campaign to replace invented time zone
abbrevations with numeric GMT offsets.  This update changes numerous zones
in Antarctica and the former Soviet Union, for instance Antarctica/Casey
now reports "+08" not "AWST" in the pg_timezone_names view.  I kept these
abbreviations in the tznames/ data files, however, so that we will still
accept them for input.  (We may want to start trimming those files someday,
but today is not that day.)

An exception is that since IANA no longer claims that "AMT" is in use
in Armenia for GMT+4, I replaced it in the Default file with GMT-4,
corresponding to Amazon Time which is in use in South America.  It may be
that that meaning is also invented and IANA will drop it in a future
update; but for now, it seems silly to give pride of place to a meaning
not traceable to IANA over one that is.

17 files changed, 437 insertions, 464 deletions

diff --git a/src/timezone/data/africa b/src/timezone/data/africa
index 50f29d5dd5..d35aaa593e 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/africa
+++ b/src/timezone/data/africa
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
-# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
+# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/antarctica b/src/timezone/data/antarctica
index a537832954..0995835752 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/antarctica
+++ b/src/timezone/data/antarctica
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
 # http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
 # for information.
 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
-#
-# Except for the French entries,
-# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
+
 # FORMAT is '-00' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
 # Argentina - year-round bases
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@
 #	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
 #	Margaret Turner reports
 #	http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
-#	(1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
+#	(1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST;
 #	presumably this is when they have visitors.
 #
 # year-round bases
@@ -68,23 +66,22 @@
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Casey	0	-	-00	1969
-			8:00	-	AWST	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-						# Australian Western Std Time
-			11:00	-	CAST	2010 Mar  5  2:00  # Casey Time
-			8:00	-	AWST	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			11:00	-	CAST	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
-			8:00	-	AWST
+			8:00	-	+08	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			11:00	-	+11	2010 Mar  5  2:00
+			8:00	-	+08	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			11:00	-	+11	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
+			8:00	-	+08
 Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 13
-			7:00	-	DAVT	1964 Nov    # Davis Time
+			7:00	-	+07	1964 Nov
 			0	-	-00	1969 Feb
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	DAVT	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
-			7:00	-	DAVT	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			5:00	-	DAVT	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
-			7:00	-	DAVT
+			7:00	-	+07	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
+			7:00	-	+07	2011 Oct 28  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
+			7:00	-	+07
 Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
-			6:00	-	MAWT	2009 Oct 18  2:00 # Mawson Time
-			5:00	-	MAWT
+			6:00	-	+06	2009 Oct 18  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05
 # References:
 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
 # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
@@ -138,7 +135,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	-00	1950 # Port-aux-Français
-			5:00	-	TFT	# ISO code TF Time
+			5:00	-	+05
 #
 # year-round base in the main continent
 # Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
@@ -149,9 +146,9 @@ Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	-00	1950 # Port-aux-Français
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	-00	1947
-			10:00	-	PMT	1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
+			10:00	-	+10	1952 Jan 14
 			0	-	-00	1956 Nov
-			10:00	-	DDUT	# Dumont-d'Urville Time
+			10:00	-	+10
 
 # France & Italy - year-round base
 # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
@@ -177,7 +174,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	-00	1947
 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 29
-			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
+			3:00	-	+03
 # See:
 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
 # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
@@ -214,17 +211,17 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 29
 # correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
-# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tzcode 2014b or later, so as
+# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as
 # suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
 # with only UTC and CEST.  Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	 1	1:00u	1:00	CET
-Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	CEST
-#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	CET
-#Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Nov	 7	1:00u	0:00	UTC
+#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	 1	1:00u	1:00	+01
+Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	+02
+#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	+01
+#Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Nov	 7	1:00u	0:00	+00
 # Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
-Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	UTC
+Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	+00
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
 			0:00	Troll	%s
@@ -265,10 +262,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
 # solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
 # happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
-# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
+# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess +06.
 #
 Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
-			6:00	-	VOST	# Vostok time
+			6:00	-	+06
 
 # S Africa - year-round bases
 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
@@ -301,7 +298,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	-00	1976 Dec  1
-			-3:00	-	ROTT	# Rothera time
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # Uruguay - year round base
 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/asia b/src/timezone/data/asia
index 533e2186d2..71ef8787b5 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/asia
+++ b/src/timezone/data/asia
@@ -116,13 +116,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
-			4:00	-	AMT	1997
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	2012 Feb  9
-			4:00	-	AMT
+			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
+			4:00	-	+04	1997
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05
 
 # Azerbaijan
 
@@ -143,13 +141,12 @@ Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
-			4:00	-	AZT	1996     # Azerbaijan Time
-			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
-			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
+			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
+			4:00	-	+04	1996
+			4:00	EUAsia	+04/+05	1997
+			4:00	Azer	+04/+05
 
 # Bahrain
 # See Asia/Qatar.
@@ -268,7 +265,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Rangoon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Yangon
+Zone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
 			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May    # Burma Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 May  3
@@ -383,7 +380,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
-# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8.
+# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
 #
 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
@@ -392,26 +389,26 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
 #
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
 #
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8
+# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
 # Asia/Shanghai
 # most of China
 # This currently represents most other zones as well,
 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
-# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century".
+# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
 #
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
 #
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6
+# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
 # Asia/Urumqi
 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
@@ -424,7 +421,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
 #
-# Kunlun Time UT+5.5
+# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
@@ -440,7 +437,7 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 #
 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
-# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
+# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
@@ -496,8 +493,8 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # having the same time as Beijing.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but
-# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
+# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
+# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
@@ -511,12 +508,12 @@ Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
 # quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
-# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
+# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
-# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of UT+8 before
-# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and
+# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of +08 before
+# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
-# UT+8 mandate back then.
+# +08 mandate back then.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
@@ -721,7 +718,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
 # be found from historical government announcement database.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
-# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01
+# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
 
@@ -835,16 +832,15 @@ Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
 			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
-			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
-			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992        # Georgia Time
-			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
-			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
-			4:00	-	GET
+			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
+			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04	1992
+			3:00 E-EurAsia	+03/+04	1994 Sep lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	1996 Oct lastSun
+			4:00	1:00	+05	1997 Mar lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	2004 Jun 27
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
+			4:00	-	+04
 
 # East Timor
 
@@ -921,7 +917,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
-# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
+# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
 # switched on 1945-09-23.
 #
@@ -932,11 +928,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
-# The abbreviations are:
+# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
 #
-# WIB  - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
-# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
-# WIT  - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
+# WIB  - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
+# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
+# WIT  - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Java, Sumatra
@@ -1825,11 +1821,11 @@ Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
 Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31  2:00 # independence
-			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
-			6:00	-	KGT
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Aug 31  2:00
+			5:00	Kyrgyz	+05/+06	2005 Aug 12
+			6:00	-	+06
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -1868,25 +1864,24 @@ Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sun>=18	0:00	0	S
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	3:00	0	S
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-30):
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
 # The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
 #
-# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (Edict No. 5)
+# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
 # 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
 #       (Announcement No. 338)
 # 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
 # 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
-# 1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)
 #
-# The Wikipedia entry also has confusing information about a change
-# to UT+9 in April 1910, but then what would be the point of the later change
-# to UT+9 on 1912-01-01?  Omit the 1910 change for now.
+# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
+# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
 #
 # I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
 #
-# For Pyongyang we have no information; guess no changes since World War II.
+# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
+# have no information otherwise.
 
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
 # According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
@@ -2046,7 +2041,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Male
 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
 # Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
-# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
+# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
 # He also found
@@ -2682,7 +2677,7 @@ Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
 # earlier date.
 #
 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
-# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of
+# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
 # the country.  Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2951,10 +2946,10 @@ Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
-			5:00	-	TJT	# Tajikistan Time
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			5:00	1:00	+05/+06	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
+			5:00	-	+05
 
 # Thailand
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2968,11 +2963,10 @@ Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane	# Laos
 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
-			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	TM%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
-			5:00	-	TMT
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00
+			5:00	-	+05
 
 # United Arab Emirates
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2984,20 +2978,18 @@ Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat	# Oman
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
-			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	TAST	1982 Apr  1 # Tashkent Time
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
-			5:00	-	UZT
+			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
+			5:00	-	+05
 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
-			5:00	-	UZT
+			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
+			5:00	-	+05
 
 # Vietnam
 
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/australasia b/src/timezone/data/australasia
index 0b33f67ed4..f49df1d6e1 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/australasia
+++ b/src/timezone/data/australasia
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
 #
-# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates
+# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
@@ -553,8 +553,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
 #
-# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11
-# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
+# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
+# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
 # abbreviate this as BST.  See:
 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
 #
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
 # The International Date Line Act 2011
 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
-# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
+# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
 # Thursday 29th December 2011".  The International Date Line was adjusted
 # accordingly.
 
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
 # uninhabited thereafter.
-# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
+# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # Zealand time.  I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
-# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
+# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
 # see Asia/Manila.
 
-# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
+# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,
 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
@@ -1541,15 +1541,15 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
 #
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
+# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
-# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
-# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
+# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
+# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
 
 
 # Midway
@@ -1615,11 +1615,11 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
 
-# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
-# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
+# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
+# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
-# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
+# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
 # day in 2011.  Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/backward b/src/timezone/data/backward
index aab237a5e2..aa23dd844e 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/backward
+++ b/src/timezone/data/backward
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin
 Link	Asia/Urumqi		Asia/Kashgar
 Link	Asia/Kathmandu		Asia/Katmandu
 Link	Asia/Macau		Asia/Macao
+Link	Asia/Yangon		Asia/Rangoon
 Link	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Asia/Saigon
 Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Asia/Tel_Aviv
 Link	Asia/Thimphu		Asia/Thimbu
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/backzone b/src/timezone/data/backzone
index 13dc8d4d13..4a5085f422 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/backzone
+++ b/src/timezone/data/backzone
@@ -194,9 +194,9 @@ Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 
 # Equatorial Guinea
 #
-# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UTC to UTC+1 on 1963-12-15,
+# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15,
 # a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19,
-# says that Spanish Guinea was at GMT+1 back then.  The Shanks data entries
+# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then.  The Shanks data entries
 # are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now.
 #
 Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
@@ -479,14 +479,14 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# Portuguese India switched to GMT+5 on 1912-01-01.
+# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01.
 #Zone	Asia/Panaji	[not enough info to complete]
 
 # Cambodia
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
 # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.  Also, guess
-# (1) Cambodia reverted to UT+7 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did, and
-# (2) they also reverted to UT+7 on 1953-11-09, the date of independence.
+# (1) Cambodia reverted to UT +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did, and
+# (2) they also reverted to +07 on 1953-11-09, the date of independence.
 # These guesses are probably wrong but they're better than guessing no
 # transitions there.
 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
@@ -506,8 +506,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Tel_Aviv	2:19:04 -	LMT	1880
 # Laos
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
 # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.
-# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT+7 on 1955-04-15.
-# Also, guess that Laos reverted to UT+7 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did;
+# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15.
+# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did;
 # this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
 Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/etcetera b/src/timezone/data/etcetera
index c2e25328d5..f5fa4c94b4 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/etcetera
+++ b/src/timezone/data/etcetera
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@
 # need now for the entries that are not on UTC are for ships at sea
 # that cannot use POSIX TZ settings.
 
+# Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all
+# unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable.  E.g.,
+# instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'.
+#
+# Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours
+# behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
+
 Zone	Etc/GMT		0	-	GMT
 Zone	Etc/UTC		0	-	UTC
 Zone	Etc/UCT		0	-	UCT
@@ -26,23 +33,13 @@ Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT-0
 Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT+0
 Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT0
 
-# We use POSIX-style signs in the Zone names and the output abbreviations,
+# Be consistent with POSIX TZ settings in the Zone names,
 # even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
 # POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
 # positive signs east of Greenwich.  For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
-# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
+# the abbreviation "-04" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
 # (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
 # mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich).
-#
-# In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation allows for
-# TZ='<GMT-4>+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to
-# ISO 8601 you can use TZ='<-0400>+4'.  Thus the commonly-expected
-# offset is kept within the angle bracket (and is used for display)
-# while the POSIX sign is kept outside the angle bracket (and is used
-# for calculation).
-#
-# Do not use a TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours behind
-# GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
 
 # Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant,
 # and had lines such as
@@ -51,30 +48,31 @@ Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT0
 # way does a
 #		zic -l GMT-12
 # so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
+# Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z.
 
-Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	GMT-14	# 14 hours ahead of GMT
-Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	GMT-13
-Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	GMT-12
-Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	GMT-11
-Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	GMT-10
-Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	GMT-9
-Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	GMT-8
-Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	GMT-7
-Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	GMT-6
-Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	GMT-5
-Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	GMT-4
-Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	GMT-3
-Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	GMT-2
-Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	GMT-1
-Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	GMT+1
-Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	GMT+2
-Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	GMT+3
-Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	GMT+4
-Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	GMT+5
-Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	GMT+6
-Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	GMT+7
-Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	GMT+8
-Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	GMT+9
-Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	GMT+10
-Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	GMT+11
-Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	GMT+12
+Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	+14
+Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	+13
+Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	+12
+Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	+11
+Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	+10
+Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	+09
+Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	+08
+Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	+07
+Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	+06
+Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	+05
+Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	+04
+Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	+03
+Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	+02
+Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	+01
+Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	-01
+Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	-02
+Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	-03
+Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	-04
+Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	-05
+Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	-06
+Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	-07
+Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	-08
+Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	-09
+Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	-10
+Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	-11
+Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	-12
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/europe b/src/timezone/data/europe
index cd3a0883d8..6020059f69 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/europe
+++ b/src/timezone/data/europe
@@ -75,8 +75,7 @@
 #        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
 #        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
 #        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
-#        3:00       FET           Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
-#        3:00       MSK MSD  MSM* Minsk, Moscow
+#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
@@ -583,16 +582,33 @@ Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 
+
+# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
+#
+# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST  # Moscow Summer Time
+#
+# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
 Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT  # Moscow Mean Time
+#
+# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
 Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
+#
+# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 2:00	1:00	MSD
+#
+Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 0:00u	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	MSK
+#
+# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	MSD
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	MSM  # Midsummer
+#
+# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
+Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	+05
+#
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	MSD
 Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
 # Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
@@ -775,8 +791,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08):
-# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
@@ -787,8 +801,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
 			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
 			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
 			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			3:00	-	FET	2014 Oct 26  1:00s
-			3:00	-	MSK
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 # Belgium
 #
@@ -1296,7 +1309,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
-# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
+# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
 
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -2260,7 +2273,6 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
 # are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
@@ -2336,7 +2348,7 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	FET	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
 			 2:00	-	EET
 
 
@@ -2389,6 +2401,16 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 # 78	RU-SPE	Saint Petersburg
 # 83	RU-NEN	Nenets Autonomous Okrug
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
+# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919.  Decree No. 59
+# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
+# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
+# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
+# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
+# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
+# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
+# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
+
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
 # 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
 # Wikipedia refers to
@@ -2430,7 +2452,7 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 # attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
 # of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982.  1980-925.txt also adds
 # Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
-# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okurg.  Probably erroneously.
+# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  Probably erroneously.
 #
 # The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
 # Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
@@ -2490,7 +2512,7 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 
 Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:17 -	LMT	1880
 			 2:30:17 -	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
-			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  2:00
+			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	Russia	%s	1921 Oct
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
@@ -2573,22 +2595,21 @@ Zone Europe/Astrakhan	 3:12:12 -	LMT	1924 May
 # The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
 
 Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
-			 3:00	-	TSAT	1925 Apr  6 # Tsaritsyn Time
-			 3:00	-	STAT	1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
-			 4:00	-	STAT	1961 Nov 11
-			 4:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1988 Mar 27  2:00s # Volgograd T
-			 3:00	Russia	VOL%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	VOLT	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	MSK
+			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	-	+04	1961 Nov 11
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Kirov covers:
 # 43	RU-KIR	Kirov Oblast
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 #
-Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
+Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
@@ -2606,16 +2627,16 @@ Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
 # The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
 
-Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
-			 3:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samara Time
-			 4:00	-	SAMT	1935 Jan 27
-			 4:00	Russia	KUY%sT	1989 Mar 26  2:00s # Kuybyshev
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	SAMT	1991 Oct 20  3:00
-			 4:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	SAM%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	SAMT
+Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
+			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
+			 4:00	-	+04	1935 Jan 27
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
+			 3:00	-	+03	1991 Oct 20  3:00
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 4:00	-	+04
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
 # Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
@@ -2630,7 +2651,7 @@ Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
 # From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
 
-Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
+Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
 			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
 			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
 			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
@@ -2662,12 +2683,12 @@ Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  2:00
 
 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
 			 3:45:05 -	PMT	1919 Jul 15  4:00
-			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
-			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	YEK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	YEKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 5:00	-	YEKT
+			 4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
+			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	+06	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 5:00	-	+05
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@@ -2677,12 +2698,12 @@ Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
 
 Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
-			 5:00	-	OMST	1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	OMS%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	OMS%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	OMST	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	OMST
+			 5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 6:00	-	+06
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
 # Asia/Barnaul covers:
@@ -2762,7 +2783,7 @@ Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
 # Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
 # GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
 # belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
-# with time zones in 2011 with different numberings (there was a
+# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
 # 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
 
 # From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
@@ -2845,12 +2866,12 @@ Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
 
 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
-			 6:00	-	KRAT	1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	KRA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	KRA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	KRAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	KRAT
+			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	+08	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 7:00	-	+07
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@@ -2867,12 +2888,12 @@ Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 
 Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 			 6:57:05 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
-			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	IRKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	IRKT
+			 7:00	-	+07	1930 Jun 21
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	+09	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	+08
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
@@ -2889,13 +2910,13 @@ Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
 
 Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	IRKT	2016 Mar 27  2:00
-			 9:00	-	YAKT
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Mar 27  2:00
+			 9:00	-	+09
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -2935,12 +2956,12 @@ Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
 
 Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	YAKT
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	+09
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -2958,12 +2979,12 @@ Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # Go with Byalokoz.
 
 Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
-			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	VLAT
+			 9:00	-	+09	1930 Jun 21
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -2981,14 +3002,14 @@ Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
 
 Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	YAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	YAK%sT	2004
-			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			10:00	-	YAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	YAKT
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2004
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			 9:00	-	+09
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3004,15 +3025,14 @@ Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
 Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
-			 9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
-			 9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 25
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	SAK%sT	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	SAK%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	SAKT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	SAKT	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	SAKT
+			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 25
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
@@ -3035,13 +3055,13 @@ Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
 # http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
 
 Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	MAGT	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
-			11:00	-	MAGT
+			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
@@ -3084,17 +3104,14 @@ Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # in Russian.)  In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
 # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
 # Go with Srednekolymsk.
-#
-# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
-# as the abbreviation.  Use SRET instead.
 
 Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	MAGT	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			11:00	-	SRET	# Srednekolymsk Time
+			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			11:00	-	+11
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3112,14 +3129,14 @@ Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
 
 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	YAKT	1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
-			 9:00	Russia	YAKT	1981 Apr  1
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	MAG%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	MAG%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	MAGT	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			11:00	-	VLAT	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	VLAT
+			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
+			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1981 Apr  1
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
+			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
+			10:00	-	+10
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
@@ -3132,12 +3149,12 @@ Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
 # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
 Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
-			11:00	-	PETT	1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	PET%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	PET%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	PETT
+			11:00	-	+11	1930 Jun 21
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12
 
 
 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
@@ -3145,13 +3162,13 @@ Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
 # 87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
 
 Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			12:00	-	ANAT	1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
-			13:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	ANAT
+			12:00	-	+12	1930 Jun 21
+			13:00	Russia	+13/+14	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
+			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
+			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
+			12:00	-	+12
 
 
 # San Marino
@@ -3472,6 +3489,14 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 # Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
 # http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
 
+# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
+# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
+# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
+# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
+# It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -3535,7 +3560,7 @@ Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
 Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Oct 15
-			3:00	Turkey	TR%sT	1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
+			3:00	Turkey	+03/+04	1985 Apr 20
 			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  1:00u
 			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28  1:00u
@@ -3543,7 +3568,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31  1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2015 Oct 25  1:00u
 			2:00	1:00	EEST	2015 Nov  8  1:00u
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2016 Sep  7
+			3:00	-	+03
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
 # Ukraine
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/factory b/src/timezone/data/factory
index 4304f7cf7b..75fa4a11c3 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/factory
+++ b/src/timezone/data/factory
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 
-# For companies who don't want to put time zone specification in
-# their installation procedures.  When users run date, they'll get the message.
-# Also useful for the "comp.sources" version.
+# For distributors who don't want to put time zone specification in
+# their installation procedures.  Users that run 'date' will get the
+# time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone
+# is unknown.
 
 # Zone	NAME	GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT
-Zone	Factory	0	- "Local time zone must be set--see zic manual page"
+Zone	Factory	0	-	-00
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/northamerica b/src/timezone/data/northamerica
index 6256f970a8..0bafb00a22 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/northamerica
+++ b/src/timezone/data/northamerica
@@ -413,11 +413,42 @@ Zone America/Denver	-6:59:56 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of
 # Malheur county), and Washington
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
+# In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
+# PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
+# causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day.  (This did not change
+# legal time, and is not part of the data here.)  See:
+# Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
+# Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
+# 1973-11.  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
+#
+# In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
+# at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
+# the fallback transition earlier.  See pages 3-4 of:
+# http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
+#
+# In response:
+#
+#   Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
+#   to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
+#   factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
+#     -- Ross, p 25
+#
+# On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
+# (LA Times 1948-12-09).  The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
+#
+# Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
+# which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
+# last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
+# the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
+# http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
+# http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:01	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	S
-Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	CA	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	CA	1962	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -3281,7 +3312,7 @@ Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15 # St Pierre
 # indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
-# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UTC-4 year-round.  See:
+# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
 # http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
 # Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
 # From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
diff --git a/src/timezone/data/southamerica b/src/timezone/data/southamerica
index 1c38f63d1c..532145172f 100644
--- a/src/timezone/data/southamerica
+++ b/src/timezone/data/southamerica
@@ -410,9 +410,9 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
-# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
+# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04
 # with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
-# just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
+# just say it's at -03; see, for example,
 # http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
 # We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
 # standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
diff --git a/src/timezone/known_abbrevs.txt b/src/timezone/known_abbrevs.txt
index 015f4c90ba..9c2cd9dcc7 100644
--- a/src/timezone/known_abbrevs.txt
+++ b/src/timezone/known_abbrevs.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,32 @@
++00	0
++01	3600
++02	7200
++02	7200	D
 +03	10800
 +04	14400
 +05	18000
 +06	21600
 +07	25200
++08	28800
++09	32400
++10	36000
++11	39600
++12	43200
++13	46800
++14	50400
+-00	0
+-01	-3600
+-02	-7200
+-03	-10800
+-04	-14400
+-05	-18000
+-06	-21600
+-07	-25200
+-08	-28800
+-09	-32400
+-10	-36000
+-11	-39600
+-12	-43200
 ACDT	37800	D
 ACST	34200
 ACT	-18000
@@ -15,15 +39,12 @@ AKDT	-28800	D
 AKST	-32400
 AMST	-10800	D
 AMT	-14400
-AMT	14400
-ANAT	43200
 ART	-10800
 AST	-14400
 AST	10800
 AWST	28800
 AZOST	0	D
 AZOT	-3600
-AZT	14400
 BDT	21600
 BNT	28800
 BOT	-14400
@@ -53,8 +74,6 @@ CST	28800
 CVT	-3600
 CXT	25200
 ChST	36000
-DAVT	25200
-DDUT	36000
 EASST	-18000	D
 EAST	-21600
 EAT	10800
@@ -71,36 +90,9 @@ FKST	-10800
 FNT	-7200
 GALT	-21600
 GAMT	-32400
-GET	14400
 GFT	-10800
 GILT	43200
 GMT	0
-GMT+1	-3600
-GMT+10	-36000
-GMT+11	-39600
-GMT+12	-43200
-GMT+2	-7200
-GMT+3	-10800
-GMT+4	-14400
-GMT+5	-18000
-GMT+6	-21600
-GMT+7	-25200
-GMT+8	-28800
-GMT+9	-32400
-GMT-1	3600
-GMT-10	36000
-GMT-11	39600
-GMT-12	43200
-GMT-13	46800
-GMT-14	50400
-GMT-2	7200
-GMT-3	10800
-GMT-4	14400
-GMT-5	18000
-GMT-6	21600
-GMT-7	25200
-GMT-8	28800
-GMT-9	32400
 GST	-7200
 GST	14400
 GYT	-14400
@@ -113,23 +105,18 @@ ICT	25200
 IDT	10800	D
 IOT	21600
 IRDT	16200	D
-IRKT	28800
 IRST	12600
 IST	19800
 IST	3600	D
 IST	7200
 JST	32400
-KGT	21600
 KOST	39600
-KRAT	25200
 KST	30600
 KST	32400
 LHDT	39600	D
 LHST	37800
 LINT	50400
-MAGT	39600
 MART	-34200
-MAWT	18000
 MDT	-21600	D
 MEST	7200	D
 MET	3600
@@ -150,10 +137,8 @@ NST	-12600
 NUT	-39600
 NZDT	46800	D
 NZST	43200
-OMST	21600
 PDT	-25200	D
 PET	-18000
-PETT	43200
 PGT	36000
 PHOT	46800
 PHT	28800
@@ -166,23 +151,15 @@ PWT	32400
 PYST	-10800	D
 PYT	-14400
 RET	14400
-ROTT	-10800
-SAKT	39600
-SAMT	14400
 SAST	7200
 SBT	39600
 SCT	14400
 SGT	28800
-SRET	39600
 SRT	-10800
 SST	-39600
-SYOT	10800
 TAHT	-36000
-TFT	18000
-TJT	18000
 TKT	46800
 TLT	32400
-TMT	18000
 TOT	46800
 TVT	43200
 UCT	0
@@ -190,10 +167,7 @@ ULAST	32400	D
 ULAT	28800
 UTC	0
 UYT	-10800
-UZT	18000
 VET	-14400
-VLAT	36000
-VOST	21600
 VUT	39600
 WAKT	43200
 WAST	7200	D
@@ -209,5 +183,3 @@ WITA	28800
 WSDT	50400	D
 WSST	46800
 XJT	21600
-YAKT	32400
-YEKT	18000
diff --git a/src/timezone/tznames/Antarctica.txt b/src/timezone/tznames/Antarctica.txt
index 942e81993a..1a0729dcbb 100644
--- a/src/timezone/tznames/Antarctica.txt
+++ b/src/timezone/tznames/Antarctica.txt
@@ -16,12 +16,9 @@ CLST   -10800 D  # Chile Summer Time
 CLT    America/Santiago  # Chile Time
                  #     (America/Santiago)
                  #     (Antarctica/Palmer)
-DAVT    Antarctica/Davis  # Davis Time (Antarctica)
-                 #     (Antarctica/Davis)
-DDUT    36000    # Dumont-d`Urville Time (Antarctica)
-                 #     (Antarctica/DumontDUrville)
-MAWT    Antarctica/Mawson  # Mawson Time (Antarctica)
-                 #     (Antarctica/Mawson)
+DAVT    Antarctica/Davis  # Davis Time (Antarctica) (obsolete)
+DDUT    36000    # Dumont-d`Urville Time (Antarctica) (obsolete)
+MAWT    Antarctica/Mawson  # Mawson Time (Antarctica) (obsolete)
 MIST    39600    # Macquarie Island Time
                  #     (Antarctica/Macquarie)
 NZDT    46800 D  # New Zealand Daylight Time
@@ -30,9 +27,6 @@ NZDT    46800 D  # New Zealand Daylight Time
 NZST    43200    # New Zealand Standard Time
                  #     (Antarctica/McMurdo)
                  #     (Pacific/Auckland)
-ROTT   -10800    # Rothera Time
-                 #     (Antarctica/Rothera)
-SYOT    10800    # Syowa Time
-                 #     (Antarctica/Syowa)
-VOST    21600    # Vostok time
-                 #     (Antarctica/Vostok)
+ROTT   -10800    # Rothera Time (obsolete)
+SYOT    10800    # Syowa Time (obsolete)
+VOST    21600    # Vostok time (obsolete)
diff --git a/src/timezone/tznames/Asia.txt b/src/timezone/tznames/Asia.txt
index f17dbfe9f2..c834b6f1e4 100644
--- a/src/timezone/tznames/Asia.txt
+++ b/src/timezone/tznames/Asia.txt
@@ -19,11 +19,9 @@ AMST    Asia/Yerevan  # Armenia Summer Time
 # CONFLICT! AMT is not unique
 # Other timezones:
 #  - AMT: Amazon Time (America)
-AMT     Asia/Yerevan  # Armenia Time
-                 #     (Asia/Yerevan)
+AMT     Asia/Yerevan  # Armenia Time (obsolete)
 ANAST   Asia/Anadyr  # Anadyr Summer Time (obsolete)
-ANAT    Asia/Anadyr  # Anadyr Time
-                 #     (Asia/Anadyr)
+ANAT    Asia/Anadyr  # Anadyr Time (obsolete)
 AQTST   Asia/Aqtau  # Aqtau Summer Time (obsolete)
 AQTT    Asia/Aqtau  # Aqtau Time (obsolete)
 # CONFLICT! AST is not unique
@@ -42,8 +40,7 @@ AST     10800    # Arabia Standard Time
                  #     (Asia/Qatar)
                  #     (Asia/Riyadh)
 AZST    Asia/Baku  # Azerbaijan Summer Time (obsolete)
-AZT     Asia/Baku  # Azerbaijan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Baku)
+AZT     Asia/Baku  # Azerbaijan Time (obsolete)
 BDT     21600    # Bangladesh Time
                  #     (Asia/Dhaka)
 BNT     28800    # Brunei Darussalam Time
@@ -115,8 +112,7 @@ EET      7200    # East-Egypt Time
                  #     (Europe/Zaporozhye)
 EIT     32400    # East Indonesia Time (obsolete, WIT is now preferred)
 GEST    Asia/Tbilisi  # Georgia Summer Time (obsolete)
-GET     Asia/Tbilisi  # Georgia Time
-                 #     (Asia/Tbilisi)
+GET     Asia/Tbilisi  # Georgia Time (obsolete)
 # CONFLICT! GST is not unique
 # Other timezones:
 # - GST: South Georgia Time (Atlantic)
@@ -138,8 +134,7 @@ IDT     10800 D  # Israel Daylight Time
 IRDT    Asia/Tehran  # Iran Daylight Time
                  #     (Asia/Tehran)
 IRKST   Asia/Irkutsk  # Irkutsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-IRKT    Asia/Irkutsk  # Irkutsk Time
-                 #     (Asia/Irkutsk)
+IRKT    Asia/Irkutsk  # Irkutsk Time (obsolete)
 IRST    Asia/Tehran  # Iran Standard Time
                  #     (Asia/Tehran)
 IRT     12600    # Iran Time (not in IANA database)
@@ -160,21 +155,18 @@ JST     32400    # Japan Standard Time
                  #     (Asia/Tokyo)
 KDT     36000 D  # Korean Daylight Time (not in IANA database)
 KGST    21600 D  # Kyrgyzstan Summer Time (obsolete)
-KGT     Asia/Bishkek  # Kyrgyzstan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Bishkek)
+KGT     Asia/Bishkek  # Kyrgyzstan Time (obsolete)
 KRAST   Asia/Krasnoyarsk  # Krasnoyarsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-KRAT    Asia/Krasnoyarsk  # Krasnoyarsk Time
-                 #     (Asia/Krasnoyarsk)
+KRAT    Asia/Krasnoyarsk  # Krasnoyarsk Time (obsolete)
 KST     Asia/Pyongyang    # Korean Standard Time
                  #     (Asia/Pyongyang)
 KST     32400    # Korean Standard Time
                  #     (Asia/Seoul)
 LKT     Asia/Colombo  # Lanka Time (obsolete)
 MAGST   Asia/Magadan  # Magadan Summer Time (obsolete)
-MAGT    Asia/Magadan  # Magadan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Magadan)
+MAGT    Asia/Magadan  # Magadan Time (obsolete)
 MMT     23400    # Myanmar Time
-                 #     (Asia/Rangoon)
+                 #     (Asia/Yangon)
 MYT     28800    # Malaysia Time
                  #     (Asia/Kuala_Lumpur)
                  #     (Asia/Kuching)
@@ -183,12 +175,10 @@ NOVT    Asia/Novosibirsk  # Novosibirsk Time (obsolete)
 NPT     20700    # Nepal Time
                  #     (Asia/Katmandu)
 OMSST   Asia/Omsk  # Omsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-OMST    Asia/Omsk  # Omsk Time
-                 #     (Asia/Omsk)
+OMST    Asia/Omsk  # Omsk Time (obsolete)
 ORAT    Asia/Oral  # Oral Time (obsolete)
 PETST   Asia/Kamchatka  # Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Summer Time (obsolete)
-PETT    Asia/Kamchatka  # Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Time
-                 #     (Asia/Kamchatka)
+PETT    Asia/Kamchatka  # Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Time (obsolete)
 PHT     28800    # Philippine Time
                  #     (Asia/Manila)
 PKT     18000    # Pakistan Time
@@ -197,18 +187,14 @@ PKST    21600 D  # Pakistan Summer Time
                  #     (Asia/Karachi)
 QYZT    21600    # Kizilorda Time (obsolete)
 SAKST   Asia/Sakhalin  # Sakhalin Summer Time (obsolete)
-SAKT    Asia/Sakhalin  # Sakhalin Time
-                 #     (Asia/Sakhalin)
+SAKT    Asia/Sakhalin  # Sakhalin Time (obsolete)
 SGT     Asia/Singapore  # Singapore Time
                  #     (Asia/Singapore)
-SRET    39600    # Srednekolymsk Time
-                 #     (Asia/Srednekolymsk)
-TJT     18000    # Tajikistan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Dushanbe)
+SRET    39600    # Srednekolymsk Time (obsolete)
+TJT     18000    # Tajikistan Time (obsolete)
 TLT     32400    # East Timor Time
                  #     (Asia/Dili)
-TMT     Asia/Ashgabat  # Turkmenistan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Ashgabat)
+TMT     Asia/Ashgabat  # Turkmenistan Time (obsolete)
 ULAST   32400 D  # Ulan Bator Summer Time
                  #     (Asia/Ulaanbaatar)
 ULAT    Asia/Ulaanbaatar  # Ulan Bator Time
@@ -216,12 +202,9 @@ ULAT    Asia/Ulaanbaatar  # Ulan Bator Time
 UZST    21600 D  # Uzbekistan Summer Time
                  #     (Asia/Samarkand)
                  #     (Asia/Tashkent)
-UZT     18000    # Uzbekistan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Samarkand)
-                 #     (Asia/Tashkent)
+UZT     18000    # Uzbekistan Time (obsolete)
 VLAST   Asia/Vladivostok  # Vladivostok Summer Time (obsolete)
-VLAT    Asia/Vladivostok  # Vladivostok Time
-                 #     (Asia/Vladivostok)
+VLAT    Asia/Vladivostok  # Vladivostok Time (obsolete)
 WIB     25200    # Waktu Indonesia Barat
                  #     (Asia/Jakarta)
                  #     (Asia/Pontianak)
@@ -232,8 +215,6 @@ WITA    28800    # Waktu Indonesia Tengah
 XJT     21600    # Xinjiang Time
                  #     (Asia/Urumqi)
 YAKST   Asia/Yakutsk  # Yakutsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-YAKT    Asia/Yakutsk  # Yakutsk Time
-                 #     (Asia/Yakutsk)
+YAKT    Asia/Yakutsk  # Yakutsk Time (obsolete)
 YEKST   21600 D  # Yekaterinburg Summer Time (obsolete)
-YEKT    Asia/Yekaterinburg  # Yekaterinburg Time
-                 #     (Asia/Yekaterinburg)
+YEKT    Asia/Yekaterinburg  # Yekaterinburg Time (obsolete)
diff --git a/src/timezone/tznames/Default b/src/timezone/tznames/Default
index 7644e264b0..6f6e46e6b4 100644
--- a/src/timezone/tznames/Default
+++ b/src/timezone/tznames/Default
@@ -234,14 +234,9 @@ WGT    -10800    # West Greenland Time
 
 #################### ANTARCTICA ####################
 
-DAVT    Antarctica/Davis  # Davis Time (Antarctica)
-                 #     (Antarctica/Davis)
-DDUT    36000    # Dumont-d'Urville Time (Antarctica)
-                 #     (Antarctica/DumontDUrville)
-                 #     (Antarctica/Palmer)
-                 #     (America/Santiago)
-MAWT    Antarctica/Mawson  # Mawson Time (Antarctica)
-                 #     (Antarctica/Mawson)
+DAVT    Antarctica/Davis  # Davis Time (Antarctica) (obsolete)
+DDUT    36000    # Dumont-d'Urville Time (Antarctica) (obsolete)
+MAWT    Antarctica/Mawson  # Mawson Time (Antarctica) (obsolete)
 
 #################### ASIA ####################
 
@@ -256,15 +251,17 @@ AMST    Asia/Yerevan  # Armenia Summer Time
                  #     (Asia/Yerevan)
 # CONFLICT! AMT is not unique
 # Other timezones:
-#  - AMT: Amazon Time (America)
-AMT     Asia/Yerevan  # Armenia Time
-                 #     (Asia/Yerevan)
+#  - AMT: Armenia Time (Asia)
+AMT    -14400    # Amazon Time
+                 #     (America/Boa_Vista)
+                 #     (America/Campo_Grande)
+                 #     (America/Cuiaba)
+                 #     (America/Manaus)
+                 #     (America/Porto_Velho)
 ANAST   Asia/Anadyr  # Anadyr Summer Time (obsolete)
-ANAT    Asia/Anadyr  # Anadyr Time
-                 #     (Asia/Anadyr)
+ANAT    Asia/Anadyr  # Anadyr Time (obsolete)
 AZST    Asia/Baku  # Azerbaijan Summer Time (obsolete)
-AZT     Asia/Baku  # Azerbaijan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Baku)
+AZT     Asia/Baku  # Azerbaijan Time (obsolete)
 BDT     21600    # Bangladesh Time
                  #     (Asia/Dhaka)
 BNT     28800    # Brunei Darussalam Time
@@ -274,8 +271,7 @@ BTT     21600    # Bhutan Time
                  #     (Asia/Thimphu)
 CCT     28800    # China Coastal Time (not in IANA database)
 GEST    Asia/Tbilisi  # Georgia Summer Time (obsolete)
-GET     Asia/Tbilisi  # Georgia Time
-                 #     (Asia/Tbilisi)
+GET     Asia/Tbilisi  # Georgia Time (obsolete)
 HKT     28800    # Hong Kong Time (not in IANA database)
 ICT     25200    # Indochina Time
                  #     (Asia/Bangkok)
@@ -285,8 +281,7 @@ ICT     25200    # Indochina Time
 IDT     10800 D  # Israel Daylight Time
                  #     (Asia/Jerusalem)
 IRKST   Asia/Irkutsk  # Irkutsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-IRKT    Asia/Irkutsk  # Irkutsk Time
-                 #     (Asia/Irkutsk)
+IRKT    Asia/Irkutsk  # Irkutsk Time (obsolete)
 IRT     12600    # Iran Time (not in IANA database)
 # CONFLICT! IST is not unique
 # Other timezones:
@@ -299,19 +294,16 @@ JST     32400    # Japan Standard Time
                  #     (Asia/Tokyo)
 KDT     36000 D  # Korean Daylight Time (not in IANA database)
 KGST    21600 D  # Kyrgyzstan Summer Time (obsolete)
-KGT     Asia/Bishkek  # Kyrgyzstan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Bishkek)
+KGT     Asia/Bishkek  # Kyrgyzstan Time (obsolete)
 KRAST   Asia/Krasnoyarsk  # Krasnoyarsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-KRAT    Asia/Krasnoyarsk  # Krasnoyarsk Time
-                 #     (Asia/Krasnoyarsk)
+KRAT    Asia/Krasnoyarsk  # Krasnoyarsk Time (obsolete)
 KST     32400    # Korean Standard Time
                  #     (Asia/Seoul)
 LKT     Asia/Colombo  # Lanka Time (obsolete)
 MAGST   Asia/Magadan  # Magadan Summer Time (obsolete)
-MAGT    Asia/Magadan  # Magadan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Magadan)
+MAGT    Asia/Magadan  # Magadan Time (obsolete)
 MMT     23400    # Myanmar Time
-                 #     (Asia/Rangoon)
+                 #     (Asia/Yangon)
 MYT     28800    # Malaysia Time
                  #     (Asia/Kuala_Lumpur)
                  #     (Asia/Kuching)
@@ -320,11 +312,9 @@ NOVT    Asia/Novosibirsk  # Novosibirsk Time (obsolete)
 NPT     20700    # Nepal Time
                  #     (Asia/Katmandu)
 OMSST   Asia/Omsk  # Omsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-OMST    Asia/Omsk  # Omsk Time
-                 #     (Asia/Omsk)
+OMST    Asia/Omsk  # Omsk Time (obsolete)
 PETST   Asia/Kamchatka  # Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Summer Time (obsolete)
-PETT    Asia/Kamchatka  # Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Time
-                 #     (Asia/Kamchatka)
+PETT    Asia/Kamchatka  # Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski Time (obsolete)
 PHT     28800    # Philippine Time
                  #     (Asia/Manila)
 PKT     18000    # Pakistan Time
@@ -333,10 +323,8 @@ PKST    21600 D  # Pakistan Summer Time
                  #     (Asia/Karachi)
 SGT     Asia/Singapore  # Singapore Time
                  #     (Asia/Singapore)
-TJT     18000    # Tajikistan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Dushanbe)
-TMT     Asia/Ashgabat  # Turkmenistan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Ashgabat)
+TJT     18000    # Tajikistan Time (obsolete)
+TMT     Asia/Ashgabat  # Turkmenistan Time (obsolete)
 ULAST   32400 D  # Ulan Bator Summer Time
                  #     (Asia/Ulaanbaatar)
 ULAT    Asia/Ulaanbaatar  # Ulan Bator Time
@@ -344,20 +332,15 @@ ULAT    Asia/Ulaanbaatar  # Ulan Bator Time
 UZST    21600 D  # Uzbekistan Summer Time
                  #     (Asia/Samarkand)
                  #     (Asia/Tashkent)
-UZT     18000    # Uzbekistan Time
-                 #     (Asia/Samarkand)
-                 #     (Asia/Tashkent)
+UZT     18000    # Uzbekistan Time (obsolete)
 VLAST   Asia/Vladivostok  # Vladivostok Summer Time (obsolete)
-VLAT    Asia/Vladivostok  # Vladivostok Time
-                 #     (Asia/Vladivostok)
+VLAT    Asia/Vladivostok  # Vladivostok Time (obsolete)
 XJT     21600    # Xinjiang Time
                  #     (Asia/Urumqi)
 YAKST   Asia/Yakutsk  # Yakutsk Summer Time (obsolete)
-YAKT    Asia/Yakutsk  # Yakutsk Time
-                 #     (Asia/Yakutsk)
+YAKT    Asia/Yakutsk  # Yakutsk Time (obsolete)
 YEKST   21600 D  # Yekaterinburg Summer Time (obsolete)
-YEKT    Asia/Yekaterinburg  # Yekaterinburg Time
-                 #     (Asia/Yekaterinburg)
+YEKT    Asia/Yekaterinburg  # Yekaterinburg Time (obsolete)
 
 #################### ATLANTIC ####################
 
@@ -669,8 +652,7 @@ RET     14400    # Reunion Time
                  #     (Indian/Reunion)
 SCT     14400    # Seychelles Time
                  #     (Indian/Mahe)
-TFT     18000    # Kerguelen Time
-                 #     (Indian/Kerguelen)
+TFT     18000    # Kerguelen Time (obsolete)
 
 #################### PACIFIC ####################
 
diff --git a/src/timezone/tznames/Europe.txt b/src/timezone/tznames/Europe.txt
index 5d6a594ab5..85d18d9d2d 100644
--- a/src/timezone/tznames/Europe.txt
+++ b/src/timezone/tznames/Europe.txt
@@ -191,8 +191,7 @@ MSK     Europe/Moscow  # Moscow Time
                  #     (Europe/Moscow)
                  #     (Europe/Volgograd)
 SAMST   Europe/Samara  # Samara Summer Time (obsolete)
-SAMT    Europe/Samara  # Samara Time
-                 #     (Europe/Samara)
+SAMT    Europe/Samara  # Samara Time (obsolete)
 VOLT    Europe/Volgograd  # Volgograd Time (obsolete)
 WEST     3600 D  # Western Europe Summer Time
                  #     (Africa/Casablanca)
diff --git a/src/timezone/tznames/Indian.txt b/src/timezone/tznames/Indian.txt
index 634660075f..12842d366f 100644
--- a/src/timezone/tznames/Indian.txt
+++ b/src/timezone/tznames/Indian.txt
@@ -35,5 +35,4 @@ RET     14400    # Reunion Time
                  #     (Indian/Reunion)
 SCT     14400    # Seychelles Time
                  #     (Indian/Mahe)
-TFT     18000    # Kerguelen Time
-                 #     (Indian/Kerguelen)
+TFT     18000    # Kerguelen Time (obsolete)