Switch most open() calls to three-argument form.

Switch from two-argument form. Filehandle cloning is still done with the two argument form for backward compatibility. Committer: Get all porting tests to pass. Increment some $VERSIONs. Run: ./perl -Ilib regen/mk_invlists.pl; ./perl -Ilib regen/regcharclass.pl For: RT #130122
author: John Lightsey <lightsey@debian.org> 2016-12-23 12:35:45 -0500
committer: James E Keenan <jkeenan@cpan.org> 2016-12-23 13:52:28 -0500
commit: 1ae6ead94905dfee43773cf3b18949c91b33f9d1 (patch)
tree: 6a54545d46d1ae3f61696e23111a21c736b3b2b5
parent: 7527883f8c7b71d808abdbd3cff07f61280a42b5 (diff)
download: perl-1ae6ead94905dfee43773cf3b18949c91b33f9d1.tar.gz
187 files changed, 406 insertions, 406 deletions
diff --git a/Cross/generate_config_sh b/Cross/generate_config_sh
index e47042a25f..203885e981 100755
--- a/Cross/generate_config_sh
+++ b/Cross/generate_config_sh
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ if ($config eq "") {
 	die("Please run me as generate_config_sh path/to/original/config.sh");
 }
 
-open(FILE, "$config") || die("Unable to open $config");
+open(FILE, '<', $config) || die("Unable to open $config");
 
 my $line_in;
 while ($line_in = <FILE>) {
diff --git a/NetWare/config_h.PL b/NetWare/config_h.PL
index d0eb05a30f..67d5bc3f0b 100644
--- a/NetWare/config_h.PL
+++ b/NetWare/config_h.PL
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ $patchlevel =~ s|~VERSION~|$Config{version}|g;
 $patchlevel ||= $Config{version};
 $patchlevel = qq["$patchlevel"];
 
-open(SH,"<$name") || die "Cannot open $name:$!";
+open(SH,'<',$name) || die "Cannot open $name:$!";
 while (<SH>)
  {
   last if /^sed/;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ eval $str;
 
 die "$str:$@" if $@;
 
-open(H,">$file.new") || die "Cannot open $file.new:$!";
+open(H,'>',"$file.new") || die "Cannot open $file.new:$!";
 binmode H;		# no CRs (which cause a spurious rebuild)
 while (<SH>)
  {
diff --git a/NetWare/config_sh.PL b/NetWare/config_sh.PL
index 0e1d351c1a..d2daf0ecc1 100644
--- a/NetWare/config_sh.PL
+++ b/NetWare/config_sh.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ sub loadopts {
 	shift @ARGV;
 	my $optfile = shift @ARGV;
 	local (*F);
-	open OPTF, $optfile or die "Can't open $optfile: $!\n";
+	open OPTF, '<', $optfile or die "Can't open $optfile: $!\n";
 	my @opts;
 	chomp(my $line = <OPTF>);
 	my @vars = split(/\t+~\t+/, $line);
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ while (@{$optref} && $optref->[0] =~ /^([\w_]+)=(.*)$/) {
 my $pl_h = '../patchlevel.h';
 
 if (-e $pl_h) {
-    open PL, "<$pl_h" or die "Can't open $pl_h: $!";
+    open PL, '<', $pl_h or die "Can't open $pl_h: $!";
     while (<PL>) {
 	if (/^#\s*define\s+(PERL_\w+)\s+([\d.]+)/) {
 	    $opt{$1} = $2;
diff --git a/NetWare/t/NWModify.pl b/NetWare/t/NWModify.pl
index 4e9817448d..fa58b47e82 100644
--- a/NetWare/t/NWModify.pl
+++ b/NetWare/t/NWModify.pl
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ sub Process_File
 	# Do the processing only if the file has '.t' extension.
 	if($ext eq '.t') {
 
-		open(FH, "+< $FileToProcess") or die "Unable to open the file,  $FileToProcess  for reading and writing.\n";
+		open(FH, '+<', $FileToProcess) or die "Unable to open the file,  $FileToProcess  for reading and writing.\n";
 		@ARRAY = <FH>;	# Get the contents of the file into an array.
 
 		foreach $Line(@ARRAY)	# Get each line of the file.
diff --git a/NetWare/t/NWScripts.pl b/NetWare/t/NWScripts.pl
index c16a4a13cd..5f21244fd9 100644
--- a/NetWare/t/NWScripts.pl
+++ b/NetWare/t/NWScripts.pl
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ foreach $DirItem(@Dirs)
 		# Open once in write mode since later files are opened in append mode,
 		# and if there already exists a file with the same name, all further opens
 		# will append to that file!!
-		open(FHW, "> $IntAutoScript") or die "Unable to open the file,  $IntAutoScript  for writing.\n";
+		open(FHW, '>', $IntAutoScript) or die "Unable to open the file,  $IntAutoScript  for writing.\n";
 		seek(FHW, 0, 0);	# seek to the beginning of the file.
 		close FHW;			# close the file.
 	}
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ foreach $DirItem(@Dirs)
 
 print "Generating  t/nwauto.pl ...\n\n\n";
 
-open(FHWA, "> t/nwauto.pl") or die "Unable to open the file,  t/nwauto.pl  for writing.\n";
+open(FHWA, '>', 't/nwauto.pl') or die "Unable to open the file,  t/nwauto.pl  for writing.\n";
 seek(FHWA, 0, 0);	# seek to the beginning of the file.
 
 $version = sprintf("%vd",$^V);
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ foreach $FileName(@DirNames)
 		}
 
 		# Write into the intermediary auto script.
-		open(FHW, ">> $IntAutoScript") or die "Unable to open the file,  $IntAutoScript  for appending.\n";
+		open(FHW, '>>', $IntAutoScript) or die "Unable to open the file,  $IntAutoScript  for appending.\n";
 		seek(FHW, 0, 2);	# seek to the end of the file.
 
 		$pos = tell(FHW);
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ foreach $DirItem(@Dirs)
 			$IntAutoScript = "t/".$DirItem.".pl";
 
 			# Write into the intermediary auto script.
-			open(FHW, ">> $IntAutoScript") or die "Unable to open the file,  $IntAutoScript  for appending.\n";
+			open(FHW, '>>', $IntAutoScript) or die "Unable to open the file,  $IntAutoScript  for appending.\n";
 			seek(FHW, 0, 2);	# seek to the end of the file.
 
 			# Write into the intermediary auto script.
diff --git a/Porting/Maintainers.pm b/Porting/Maintainers.pm
index ef56abb912..1c52829f32 100644
--- a/Porting/Maintainers.pm
+++ b/Porting/Maintainers.pm
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT_OK $VERSION);
 		show_results process_options files_to_modules
 		finish_tap_output
 		reload_manifest);
-$VERSION = 0.11;
+$VERSION = 0.12;
 
 require Exporter;
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ sub reload_manifest {
         $manifest_path = "../MANIFEST";
     }
 
-    if (open(my $manfh,  $manifest_path )) {
+    if (open(my $manfh,  '<', $manifest_path )) {
 	while (<$manfh>) {
 	    if (/^(\S+)/) {
 		$MANIFEST{$1}++;
diff --git a/Porting/add-package.pl b/Porting/add-package.pl
index ee03c45b68..012aa77894 100755
--- a/Porting/add-package.pl
+++ b/Porting/add-package.pl
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ my @ChangedFiles;
 ### update the manifest
 {   my $file        = $Repo . '/MANIFEST';
     my @manifest;
-    {   open my $fh, "<$file" or die "Could not open $file: $!";
+    {   open my $fh, '<', $file or die "Could not open $file: $!";
         @manifest    = <$fh>;
         close $fh;
     }
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ my @ChangedFiles;
     push @manifest, values %pkg_files;
 
     {   chmod 0644, $file;
-        open my $fh, ">$file" or die "Could not open $file for writing: $!";
+        open my $fh, '>', $file or die "Could not open $file for writing: $!";
         #print $fh sort { lc $a cmp lc $b } @manifest;
         ### XXX stolen from pod/buildtoc:sub do_manifest
         print $fh
diff --git a/Porting/check83.pl b/Porting/check83.pl
index 64eac95b89..fbe5655589 100755
--- a/Porting/check83.pl
+++ b/Porting/check83.pl
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ sub eight_dot_three {
 
 my %dir;
 
-if (open(MANIFEST, "MANIFEST")) {
+if (open(MANIFEST, '<', 'MANIFEST')) {
     while (<MANIFEST>) {
 	chomp;
 	s/\s.+//;
diff --git a/Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl b/Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl
index 4204304536..56fb39eb68 100755
--- a/Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl
+++ b/Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ sub read_authors_files {
     return unless (@authors);
     my (%count, %raw);
     foreach my $filename (@authors) {
-        open FH, "<$filename" or die "Can't open $filename: $!";
+        open FH, '<', $filename or die "Can't open $filename: $!";
         binmode FH, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
         while (<FH>) {
             next if /^\#/;
@@ -661,6 +661,7 @@ jasons\100cs.unm.edu                    jasons\100sandy-home.arc.unm.edu
 jbuehler\100hekimian.com                jhpb\100hekimian.com
 jcromie\100100divsol.com                jcromie\100cpan.org
 +                                       jim.cromie\100gmail.com
+jd\100cpanel.net                        lightsey\100debian.org
 jdhedden\100cpan.org                    jerry\100hedden.us
 +                                       jdhedden\1001979.usna.com
 +                                       jdhedden\100gmail.com
diff --git a/Porting/checkVERSION.pl b/Porting/checkVERSION.pl
index 9ad2ff54d8..d63c34ec2e 100755
--- a/Porting/checkVERSION.pl
+++ b/Porting/checkVERSION.pl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ sub parse_file {
 
     my $result;
 
-    open(FH,$parsefile) or warn "Could not open '$parsefile': $!";
+    open(FH,'<',$parsefile) or warn "Could not open '$parsefile': $!";
 
     my $inpod = 0;
     while (<FH>) {
diff --git a/Porting/checkansi.pl b/Porting/checkansi.pl
index c072b28e2c..f16691aa3a 100755
--- a/Porting/checkansi.pl
+++ b/Porting/checkansi.pl
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ for my $k (keys %{$limits{$opt{std}}}) {
 find(sub {
   /\.([ch]|xs)$/ or return;
 
-  my $fh = IO::File->new($_) or die "$_: $!\n";
+  my $fh = IO::File->new($_, 'r') or die "$_: $!\n";
   my $ll = '';
 
   while (defined(my $line = <$fh>)) {
diff --git a/Porting/checkcfguse.pl b/Porting/checkcfguse.pl
index af3dd12cb1..986d4f9041 100755
--- a/Porting/checkcfguse.pl
+++ b/Porting/checkcfguse.pl
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ my @PAT =
   print STDERR "$0: Looking for symbols...\n";
   for my $pat (@PAT) {
     for my $fn (map { glob($_) } @{ $pat->[0] }) {
-      if (open(my $fh, $fn)) {
+      if (open(my $fh, '<', $fn)) {
         while (<$fh>) {
           for my $p (@$pat) {
             for my $sym (/$p/g) {
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ delete $SYM{'const'};
 
 my $SYM = join("|", sort { length($b) <=> length($a) || $a cmp $b } keys %SYM);
 
-open(my $mani, "MANIFEST") or die "$0: Failed to open MANIFEST\n";
+open(my $mani, '<', "MANIFEST") or die "$0: Failed to open MANIFEST\n";
 
 my %found;
 while (<$mani>) {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ while (<$mani>) {
     # from metaconfig generated files that refer to
     # the config symbols, and from pods.
     next if $fn =~ m{^(?:config_h.SH|Configure|configure\.com|Porting/(?:config|Glossary)|(?:NetWare|plan9|win32)/(?:config|(?:GNU)?[Mm]akefile)|uconfig)|\.pod$};
-    open my $fh, $fn or die qq[$0: Failed to open $fn: $!];
+    open my $fh, '<', $fn or die qq[$0: Failed to open $fn: $!];
     while (<$fh>) {
       while (/\b($SYM)\b/go) {
         $found{$1}{$fn}++;
diff --git a/Porting/config_h.pl b/Porting/config_h.pl
index 82f40d9fa0..8ac15824a2 100755
--- a/Porting/config_h.pl
+++ b/Porting/config_h.pl
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 
 my ($cSH, $ch, @ch, %ch) = ("config_h.SH");
-open $ch, "<$cSH" or die "Cannot open $cSH: $!\n";
+open $ch, '<', $cSH or die "Cannot open $cSH: $!\n";
 {   local $/ = "\n\n";
     @ch = <$ch>;
     close  $ch;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ for (grep m{echo .Extracting \$CONFIG_H} => @ch) {
 push @ch, ";;\nesac\n";
 
 
-open  $ch, "> $cSH" or die "Cannot write $cSH: $!\n";
+open  $ch, '>', $cSH or die "Cannot write $cSH: $!\n";
 print $ch <<EOW;
 #!/bin/sh
 #
diff --git a/Porting/corecpan.pl b/Porting/corecpan.pl
index 3a38d112c6..75b18abc77 100755
--- a/Porting/corecpan.pl
+++ b/Porting/corecpan.pl
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ our $opt_f || !-f $packagefile and get_package_details;
 
 # Load the package details. All of them.
 my %cpanversions;
-open my $fh, $packagefile or die $!;
+open my $fh, '<', $packagefile or die $!;
 while (<$fh>) {
     my ($p, $v) = split ' ';
     next if 1../^\s*$/; # skip header
diff --git a/Porting/leakfinder.pl b/Porting/leakfinder.pl
index c22a58e4cf..370ae5c6d9 100644
--- a/Porting/leakfinder.pl
+++ b/Porting/leakfinder.pl
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ for(`find .`) {
          =~ s/\0/'."\\0".'/grid;
     $prog = <<end;   
             open oUt, ">&", STDOUT;
-            open STDOUT, ">/dev/null";
-            open STDIN, "</dev/null";
-            open STDERR, ">/dev/null";
+            open STDOUT, ">", "/dev/null";
+            open STDIN, "<", "/dev/null";
+            open STDERR, ">", "/dev/null";
             \$unused_variable = '$q';
             eval \$unused_variable while \$also_unused++ < 4;
             print oUt sv_count, "\n";
diff --git a/Porting/makerel b/Porting/makerel
index 0bf79908a3..53ecdc2cda 100755
--- a/Porting/makerel
+++ b/Porting/makerel
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ $relroot = defined $opts{r} ? $opts{r} : "..";
 die "Must be in root of the perl source tree.\n"
 	unless -f "./MANIFEST" and -f "patchlevel.h";
 
-open PATCHLEVEL,"<patchlevel.h" or die;
+open PATCHLEVEL, '<', 'patchlevel.h' or die;
 my @patchlevel_h = <PATCHLEVEL>;
 close PATCHLEVEL;
 my $patchlevel_h = join "", grep { /^#\s*define/ } @patchlevel_h;
diff --git a/Porting/manicheck b/Porting/manicheck
index 1b506d928f..b544a12252 100644
--- a/Porting/manicheck
+++ b/Porting/manicheck
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 use File::Find;
 
-open my $fh, 'MANIFEST' or die "Can't read MANIFEST: $!\n";
+open my $fh, '<', 'MANIFEST' or die "Can't read MANIFEST: $!\n";
 my @files = map { (split)[0] } <$fh>;
 close $fh;
 for (@files) {
diff --git a/Porting/sync-with-cpan b/Porting/sync-with-cpan
index d0cc1d62be..6484c179c9 100755
--- a/Porting/sync-with-cpan
+++ b/Porting/sync-with-cpan
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ Archive::Tar->extract_archive( $new_file );
 # ensure 'make' will update all files
 my $t= time;
 for my $file (find_type_f($new_dir)) {
-    open(my $fh,">>$file") || die "Cannot write $file:$!";
+    open(my $fh,'>>',$file) || die "Cannot write $file:$!";
     close($fh);
     utime($t,$t,$file);
 };
diff --git a/autodoc.pl b/autodoc.pl
index 597607cc98..2e6a1c3f63 100644
--- a/autodoc.pl
+++ b/autodoc.pl
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ open my $fh, '<', 'MANIFEST'
 while (my $line = <$fh>) {
     next unless my ($file) = $line =~ /^(\S+\.[ch])\t/;
 
-    open F, "< $file" or die "Cannot open $file for docs: $!\n";
+    open F, '<', $file or die "Cannot open $file for docs: $!\n";
     $curheader = "Functions in file $file\n";
     autodoc(\*F,$file);
     close F or die "Error closing $file: $!\n";
diff --git a/charclass_invlists.h b/charclass_invlists.h
index 3f1411982c..9838bed70c 100644
--- a/charclass_invlists.h
+++ b/charclass_invlists.h
@@ -91515,7 +91515,7 @@ static const U8 WB_table[24][24] = {
 #endif	/* defined(PERL_IN_REGEXEC_C) */
 
 /* Generated from:
- * f1951e655fd5fa35478f641663ef164146d743362998b01378327afac5f20270 lib/Unicode/UCD.pm
+ * 59e717586b720a821ee0d7397679d5322e38b49f6fb7840545aedf669c733b70 lib/Unicode/UCD.pm
  * 47cb62a53beea6d0263e2147331c7e751853c9327225d95bbe2d9e1dc3e1aa44 lib/unicore/ArabicShaping.txt
  * 153f0a100c315f9f3945e78f57137611d36c44b3a975919c499fd403413fede8 lib/unicore/BidiBrackets.txt
  * fbe806975c1bf9fc9960bbaa39ff6290c42c7da8315f9cd459109b024cc1c485 lib/unicore/BidiMirroring.txt
@@ -91561,5 +91561,5 @@ static const U8 WB_table[24][24] = {
  * 066d6e75f95cf6794161c8ac0b1a40990277de90eefb913be2e675a7cba38d59 lib/unicore/mktables
  * cdecb300baad839a6f62791229f551a4fa33f3cbdca08e378dc976466354e778 lib/unicore/version
  * 913d2f93f3cb6cdf1664db888bf840bc4eb074eef824e082fceda24a9445e60c regen/charset_translations.pl
- * 6697977221bf632720408ca9a1a934e43d5d8e51c870532cec3ebdb3e3ba80c6 regen/mk_invlists.pl
+ * ed40040566a4f1d6b0d912dda2159c1460e0093b318d90626ab9aa513a53b15d regen/mk_invlists.pl
  * ex: set ro: */
diff --git a/configpm b/configpm
index d2ba35cec3..877bff1f30 100755
--- a/configpm
+++ b/configpm
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ my $quote;
 my %seen_quotes;
 {
   my ($name, $val);
-  open(CONFIG_SH, $Config_SH) || die "Can't open $Config_SH: $!";
+  open(CONFIG_SH, '<', $Config_SH) || die "Can't open $Config_SH: $!";
   while (<CONFIG_SH>) {
     next if m:^#!/bin/sh:;
 
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ $heavy_txt .= join('', @non_v) . "\n";
 
 # copy config summary format from the myconfig.SH script
 $heavy_txt .= "our \$summary = <<'!END!';\n";
-open(MYCONFIG,"<myconfig.SH") || die "open myconfig.SH failed: $!";
+open(MYCONFIG,'<','myconfig.SH') || die "open myconfig.SH failed: $!";
 1 while defined($_ = <MYCONFIG>) && !/^Summary of/;
 do { $heavy_txt .= $_ } until !defined($_ = <MYCONFIG>) || /^\s*$/;
 close(MYCONFIG);
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ foreach my $prefix (qw(libs libswanted)) {
     $heavy_txt .= "${prefix}_nolargefiles='$value'\n";
 }
 
-if (open(my $fh, "cflags")) {
+if (open(my $fh, '<', 'cflags')) {
     my $ccwarnflags;
     my $ccstdflags;
     while (<$fh>) {
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ tie %%Config, 'Config', {
 ENDOFTIE
 
 
-open(CONFIG_POD, ">$Config_POD") or die "Can't open $Config_POD: $!";
+open(CONFIG_POD, '>', $Config_POD) or die "Can't open $Config_POD: $!";
 print CONFIG_POD <<'ENDOFTAIL';
 =head1 NAME
 
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ in such cases.
 ENDOFTAIL
 
 if ($Opts{glossary}) {
-  open(GLOS, "<$Glossary") or die "Can't open $Glossary: $!";
+  open(GLOS, '<', $Glossary) or die "Can't open $Glossary: $!";
 }
 my %seen = ();
 my $text = 0;
diff --git a/dist/Devel-SelfStubber/lib/Devel/SelfStubber.pm b/dist/Devel-SelfStubber/lib/Devel/SelfStubber.pm
index e47cd3a332..781dd9f3e9 100644
--- a/dist/Devel-SelfStubber/lib/Devel/SelfStubber.pm
+++ b/dist/Devel-SelfStubber/lib/Devel/SelfStubber.pm
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ require SelfLoader;
 @ISA = qw(SelfLoader);
 @EXPORT = 'AUTOLOAD';
 $JUST_STUBS = 1;
-$VERSION = 1.05;
+$VERSION = 1.06;
 sub Version {$VERSION}
 
 # Use as
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ sub stub {
     my (@BEFORE_DATA, @AFTER_DATA, @AFTER_END);
     @DATA = @STUBS = ();
 
-    open($fh,$mod_file) || die "Unable to open $mod_file";
+    open($fh,'<',$mod_file) || die "Unable to open $mod_file";
     local $/ = "\n";
     while(defined ($line = <$fh>) and $line !~ m/^__DATA__/) {
 	push(@BEFORE_DATA,$line);
diff --git a/dist/Devel-SelfStubber/t/Devel-SelfStubber.t b/dist/Devel-SelfStubber/t/Devel-SelfStubber.t
index 4d69090474..48e27cd073 100644
--- a/dist/Devel-SelfStubber/t/Devel-SelfStubber.t
+++ b/dist/Devel-SelfStubber/t/Devel-SelfStubber.t
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ while (<DATA>) {
     my $f = $1;
     my $file = catfile(curdir(),$inlib,$f);
     push @cleanup, $file;
-    open FH, ">$file" or die $!;
+    open FH, '>', $file or die $!;
   } else {
     print FH;
   }
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ close FH;
 {
   my $file = "A-$$";
   push @cleanup, $file;
-  open FH, ">$file" or die $!;
+  open FH, '>', $file or die $!;
   select FH;
   Devel::SelfStubber->stub('xChild', $inlib);
   select STDOUT;
   print "ok 1\n";
   close FH or die $!;
 
-  open FH, $file or die $!;
+  open FH, '<', $file or die $!;
   my @A = <FH>;
 
   if (@A == 1 && $A[0] =~ /^\s*sub\s+xChild::foo\s*;\s*$/) {
@@ -61,14 +61,14 @@ close FH;
 {
   my $file = "B-$$";
   push @cleanup, $file;
-  open FH, ">$file" or die $!;
+  open FH, '>', $file or die $!;
   select FH;
   Devel::SelfStubber->stub('Proto', $inlib);
   select STDOUT;
   print "ok 3\n"; # Checking that we did not die horribly.
   close FH or die $!;
 
-  open FH, $file or die $!;
+  open FH, '<', $file or die $!;
   my @B = <FH>;
 
   if (@B == 1 && $B[0] =~ /^\s*sub\s+Proto::bar\s*\(\$\$\);\s*$/) {
@@ -84,14 +84,14 @@ close FH;
 {
   my $file = "C-$$";
   push @cleanup, $file;
-  open FH, ">$file" or die $!;
+  open FH, '>', $file or die $!;
   select FH;
   Devel::SelfStubber->stub('Attribs', $inlib);
   select STDOUT;
   print "ok 5\n"; # Checking that we did not die horribly.
   close FH or die $!;
 
-  open FH, $file or die $!;
+  open FH, '<', $file or die $!;
   my @C = <FH>;
 
   if (@C == 2 && $C[0] =~ /^\s*sub\s+Attribs::baz\s+:\s*locked\s*;\s*$/
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ sub faildump {
 foreach my $module (@module) {
   my $file = "$module--$$";
   push @cleanup, $file;
-  open FH, ">$file" or die $!;
+  open FH, '>', $file or die $!;
   print FH "use $module;
 print ${module}->foo;
 ";
@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ undef $/;
 foreach my $module (@module, 'Data', 'End') {
   my $file = catfile(curdir(),$lib,"$module.pm");
   my $fileo = catfile(curdir(),$inlib,"$module.pm");
-  open FH, $fileo or die "Can't open $fileo: $!";
+  open FH, '<', $fileo or die "Can't open $fileo: $!";
   my $contents = <FH>;
   close FH or die $!;
   push @cleanup, $file;
-  open FH, ">$file" or die $!;
+  open FH, '>', $file or die $!;
   select FH;
   if ($contents =~ /__DATA__/) {
     # This will die for any module with no  __DATA__
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ system "$runperl -w \"-I$lib\" \"-MData\" -e \"Data::ok\"";
 system "$runperl -w \"-I$lib\" \"-MEnd\" -e \"End::lime\"";
 
 # But check that the documentation after the __END__ survived.
-open FH, catfile(curdir(),$lib,"End.pm") or die $!;
+open FH, '<', catfile(curdir(),$lib,"End.pm") or die $!;
 $_ = <FH>;
 close FH or die $!;
 
diff --git a/dist/Dumpvalue/t/Dumpvalue.t b/dist/Dumpvalue/t/Dumpvalue.t
index 8e9da19823..64cf52ee0d 100644
--- a/dist/Dumpvalue/t/Dumpvalue.t
+++ b/dist/Dumpvalue/t/Dumpvalue.t
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ is( $out->read, "\%baz = (\n   'one' => 1, 'two' => 2\n)\n",
 	'dumped glob for %baz fine' );
 
 SKIP: {
-	skip( "Couldn't open $0 for reading", 1 ) unless open(FILE, $0);
+	skip( "Couldn't open $0 for reading", 1 ) unless open(FILE, '<', $0);
 	my $fileno = fileno(FILE);
 	$d->dumpglob( '', 0, 'FILE', *FILE );
 	is( $out->read, "FileHandle(FILE) => fileno($fileno)\n",
diff --git a/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/01-basic.t b/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/01-basic.t
index b99382f2ba..3db8581db6 100644
--- a/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/01-basic.t
+++ b/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/01-basic.t
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ok $b->have_compiler, "have_compiler";
 $source_file = File::Spec->catfile('t', 'basict.c');
 {
   local *FH;
-  open FH, "> $source_file" or die "Can't create $source_file: $!";
+  open FH, '>', $source_file or die "Can't create $source_file: $!";
   print FH "int boot_basict(void) { return 1; }\n";
   close FH;
 }
diff --git a/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/02-link.t b/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/02-link.t
index 0c64619d54..6160c267d0 100644
--- a/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/02-link.t
+++ b/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/02-link.t
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ok $b, "created EU::CB object";
 
 $source_file = File::Spec->catfile('t', 'linkt.c');
 {
-  open my $FH, "> $source_file" or die "Can't create $source_file: $!";
+  open my $FH, '>', $source_file or die "Can't create $source_file: $!";
   print $FH "int main(void) { return 11; }\n";
   close $FH;
 }
diff --git a/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/03-cplusplus.t b/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/03-cplusplus.t
index 78290d349d..0c05ae29bb 100644
--- a/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/03-cplusplus.t
+++ b/dist/ExtUtils-CBuilder/t/03-cplusplus.t
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ ok $b->have_cplusplus, "have_cplusplus";
 
 $source_file = File::Spec->catfile('t', 'cplust.cc');
 {
-  open my $FH, "> $source_file" or die "Can't create $source_file: $!";
+  open my $FH, '>', $source_file or die "Can't create $source_file: $!";
   print $FH "class Bogus { public: int boot_cplust() { return 1; } };\n";
   close $FH;
 }
diff --git a/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags.pm b/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags.pm
index 2193208d62..c4d9ceab3d 100644
--- a/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags.pm
+++ b/dist/I18N-LangTags/lib/I18N/LangTags.pm
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ require Exporter;
                );
 %EXPORT_TAGS = ('ALL' => \@EXPORT_OK);
 
-$VERSION = "0.41";
+$VERSION = "0.42";
 
 sub uniq { my %seen; return grep(!($seen{$_}++), @_); } # a util function
 
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ interaction looks like:
 So far so good.  But suppose the way you're implementing this is:
 
           my %greetings;
-          die unless open(IN, "<in.dat");
+          die unless open(IN, "<", "in.dat");
           while(<IN>) {
             chomp;
             next unless /^([^=]+)=(.+)/s;
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ program with:
 
           use I18N::LangTags qw(encode_language_tag);
           my %greetings;
-          die unless open(IN, "<in.dat");
+          die unless open(IN, "<", "in.dat");
           while(<IN>) {
             chomp;
             next unless /^([^=]+)=(.+)/s;
diff --git a/dist/IO/Makefile.PL b/dist/IO/Makefile.PL
index 7783cf995d..383eccb2a4 100644
--- a/dist/IO/Makefile.PL
+++ b/dist/IO/Makefile.PL
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ unless ($PERL_CORE or exists $Config{'i_poll'}) {
 }
 
 if ($] < 5.008 and !$PERL_CORE) {
-  open(FH,">typemap");
+  open(FH,'>','typemap');
   print FH "const char *            T_PV\n";
   close(FH);
 }
diff --git a/dist/IO/t/IO.t b/dist/IO/t/IO.t
index 2551b2468d..247940f8e4 100644
--- a/dist/IO/t/IO.t
+++ b/dist/IO/t/IO.t
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ my $fakemod = File::Spec->catfile( $fakedir, 'fakemod.pm' );
 my $flag;
 if ( -d $fakedir or mkpath( $fakedir ))
 {
-	if (open( OUT, ">$fakemod"))
+	if (open( OUT, '>', $fakemod ))
 	{
 		(my $package = <<'		END_HERE') =~ tr/\t//d;
 		package IO::fakemod;
diff --git a/dist/IO/t/io_dir.t b/dist/IO/t/io_dir.t
index 5472daa9b9..dc8eb43983 100644
--- a/dist/IO/t/io_dir.t
+++ b/dist/IO/t/io_dir.t
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ ok(!$dot->rewind, "rewind on closed");
 ok(!defined($dot->read));
 }
 
-open(FH,'>X') || die "Can't create x";
+open(FH,'>','X') || die "Can't create x";
 print FH "X";
 close(FH) or die "Can't close: $!";
 
diff --git a/dist/IO/t/io_file.t b/dist/IO/t/io_file.t
index 1cf60f5441..a3d79c908c 100644
--- a/dist/IO/t/io_file.t
+++ b/dist/IO/t/io_file.t
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ can_ok( $Class,                 "binmode" );
 ### use standard open to make sure we can compare binmodes
 ### on both.
 {   my $tmp;
-    open $tmp, ">$File" or die "Could not open '$File': $!";
+    open $tmp, '>', $File or die "Could not open '$File': $!";
     binmode $tmp;
     print $tmp $All_Chars; 
     close $tmp;
diff --git a/dist/IO/t/io_linenum.t b/dist/IO/t/io_linenum.t
index 2d44f50940..734854b928 100644
--- a/dist/IO/t/io_linenum.t
+++ b/dist/IO/t/io_linenum.t
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ sub lineno
 
 my $t;
 
-open (F, $File) or die $!;
+open (F, '<', $File) or die $!;
 my $io = IO::File->new($File) or die $!;
 
 <F> for (1 .. 10);
diff --git a/dist/IO/t/io_sock.t b/dist/IO/t/io_sock.t
index c9c443beb8..630b856625 100644
--- a/dist/IO/t/io_sock.t
+++ b/dist/IO/t/io_sock.t
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ if ( $^O eq 'qnx' ) {
 ### the client. We'll use own source code ...
 #
 local @data;
-if( !open( SRC, "< $0")) {
+if( !open( SRC, '<', $0)) {
     print "not ok 15 - $!\n";
 } else {
     @data = <SRC>;
diff --git a/dist/IO/t/io_unix.t b/dist/IO/t/io_unix.t
index 61ba3635f8..a6cd05c898 100644
--- a/dist/IO/t/io_unix.t
+++ b/dist/IO/t/io_unix.t
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ if ($^O eq 'os2') {	# Can't create sockets with relative path...
 }
 
 # Test if we can create the file within the tmp directory
-if (-e $PATH or not open(TEST, ">$PATH") and $^O ne 'os2') {
+if (-e $PATH or not open(TEST, '>', $PATH) and $^O ne 'os2') {
     print "1..0 # Skip: cannot open '$PATH' for write\n";
     exit 0;
 }
diff --git a/dist/Safe/t/safe2.t b/dist/Safe/t/safe2.t
index fc519ff559..b3f2dac21c 100644
--- a/dist/Safe/t/safe2.t
+++ b/dist/Safe/t/safe2.t
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ like($@, qr/foo bar/);
   
 $! = 0;
 my $nosuch = '/non/existent/file.name';
-open(NOSUCH, $nosuch);
+open(NOSUCH, '<', $nosuch);
 if ($@) {
     my $errno = $!;
     die "Eek! Attempting to open $nosuch failed, but \$! is still 0" unless $!;
diff --git a/dist/Search-Dict/t/Dict.t b/dist/Search-Dict/t/Dict.t
index bc997b05d2..21b226e09c 100644
--- a/dist/Search-Dict/t/Dict.t
+++ b/dist/Search-Dict/t/Dict.t
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ EOT
 use Tie::Handle; # loads Tie::StdHandle
 use Search::Dict;
 
-open(DICT, "+>dict-$$") or die "Can't create dict-$$: $!";
+open(DICT, '+>', "dict-$$") or die "Can't create dict-$$: $!";
 binmode DICT;			# To make length expected one.
 print DICT $DICT;
 
diff --git a/dist/Storable/Storable.pm b/dist/Storable/Storable.pm
index 7101641988..246957f490 100644
--- a/dist/Storable/Storable.pm
+++ b/dist/Storable/Storable.pm
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ package Storable; @ISA = qw(Exporter);
 
 use vars qw($canonical $forgive_me $VERSION);
 
-$VERSION = '2.59';
+$VERSION = '2.60';
 
 BEGIN {
     if (eval {
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ sub file_magic {
 
     my $file = shift;
     my $fh = IO::File->new;
-    open($fh, "<". $file) || die "Can't open '$file': $!";
+    open($fh, "<", $file) || die "Can't open '$file': $!";
     binmode($fh);
     defined(sysread($fh, my $buf, 32)) || die "Can't read from '$file': $!";
     close($fh);
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ sub _store {
 	logcroak "wrong argument number" unless @_ == 2;	# No @foo in arglist
 	local *FILE;
 	if ($use_locking) {
-		open(FILE, ">>$file") || logcroak "can't write into $file: $!";
+		open(FILE, '>>', $file) || logcroak "can't write into $file: $!";
 		unless (&CAN_FLOCK) {
 			logcarp
 				"Storable::lock_store: fcntl/flock emulation broken on $^O";
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ sub _store {
 		truncate FILE, 0;
 		# Unlocking will happen when FILE is closed
 	} else {
-		open(FILE, ">$file") || logcroak "can't create $file: $!";
+		open(FILE, '>', $file) || logcroak "can't create $file: $!";
 	}
 	binmode FILE;				# Archaic systems...
 	my $da = $@;				# Don't mess if called from exception handler
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ sub lock_retrieve {
 sub _retrieve {
 	my ($file, $use_locking) = @_;
 	local *FILE;
-	open(FILE, $file) || logcroak "can't open $file: $!";
+	open(FILE, '<', $file) || logcroak "can't open $file: $!";
 	binmode FILE;							# Archaic systems...
 	my $self;
 	my $da = $@;							# Could be from exception handler
diff --git a/dist/Storable/t/code.t b/dist/Storable/t/code.t
index 7fc40ba5a7..d31e2315ea 100644
--- a/dist/Storable/t/code.t
+++ b/dist/Storable/t/code.t
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ local *FOO;
 
      \&dclone,                 # XS function
 
-     sub { open FOO, "/" },
+     sub { open FOO, '<', "/" },
     );
 
 $Storable::Deparse = 1;
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ is(prototype($thawed->[4]), prototype($obj[0]->[4]));
     my $devnull = File::Spec->devnull;
 
     open(SAVEERR, ">&STDERR");
-    open(STDERR, ">$devnull") or
+    open(STDERR, '>', $devnull) or
 	( print SAVEERR "Unable to redirect STDERR: $!\n" and exit(1) );
 
     eval { $freezed = freeze $obj[0]->[0] };
diff --git a/dist/Storable/t/compat01.t b/dist/Storable/t/compat01.t
index 2827676421..56d7df65f4 100644
--- a/dist/Storable/t/compat01.t
+++ b/dist/Storable/t/compat01.t
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ my $testno;
 for my $dump (@dumps) {
     $testno++;
 
-    open(FH, ">$file") || die "Can't create $file: $!";
+    open(FH, '>', $file) || die "Can't create $file: $!";
     binmode(FH);
     print FH $dump;
     close(FH) || die "Can't write $file: $!";
diff --git a/dist/Storable/t/destroy.t b/dist/Storable/t/destroy.t
index e9464fb40d..dcc3600f1d 100644
--- a/dist/Storable/t/destroy.t
+++ b/dist/Storable/t/destroy.t
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ BEGIN {
 package foo;
 sub new { return bless {} }
 DESTROY {
-  open FH, "<foo" or die $!;
+  open FH, '<', "foo" or die $!;
   eval { Storable::pretrieve(*FH); };
   close FH or die $!;
   unlink "foo";
diff --git a/dist/Storable/t/file_magic.t b/dist/Storable/t/file_magic.t
index 5dc032dc33..a68665ddaf 100644
--- a/dist/Storable/t/file_magic.t
+++ b/dist/Storable/t/file_magic.t
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ nstore({}, $file);
 
 for my $test (@tests) {
     my($data, $expected) = @$test;
-    open(FH, ">$file") || die "Can't create $file: $!";
+    open(FH, '>', $file) || die "Can't create $file: $!";
     binmode(FH);
     print FH $data;
     close(FH) || die "Can't write $file: $!";
diff --git a/dist/Storable/t/forgive.t b/dist/Storable/t/forgive.t
index c99421149c..af7aa1df56 100644
--- a/dist/Storable/t/forgive.t
+++ b/dist/Storable/t/forgive.t
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ $Storable::forgive_me=1;
 my $devnull = File::Spec->devnull;
 
 open(SAVEERR, ">&STDERR");
-open(STDERR, ">$devnull") or 
+open(STDERR, '>', $devnull) or 
   ( print SAVEERR "Unable to redirect STDERR: $!\n" and exit(1) );
 
 eval {$result = store ($bad , 'store')};
diff --git a/dist/Storable/t/testlib.pl b/dist/Storable/t/testlib.pl
index 6d885d7f68..9b07dd45f9 100644
--- a/dist/Storable/t/testlib.pl
+++ b/dist/Storable/t/testlib.pl
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use Storable qw (store retrieve freeze thaw nstore nfreeze);
 sub slurp {
   my $file = shift;
   local (*FH, $/);
-  open FH, "<$file" or die "Can't open '$file': $!";
+  open FH, '<', $file or die "Can't open '$file': $!";
   binmode FH;
   my $contents = <FH>;
   die "Can't read $file: $!" unless defined $contents;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ sub slurp {
 sub store_and_retrieve {
   my $data = shift;
   unlink $file or die "Can't unlink '$file': $!";
-  open FH, ">$file" or die "Can't open '$file': $!";
+  open FH, '>', $file or die "Can't open '$file': $!";
   binmode FH;
   print FH $data or die "Can't print to '$file': $!";
   close FH or die "Can't close '$file': $!";
@@ -35,4 +35,4 @@ sub freeze_and_thaw {
   return eval {thaw $data};
 }
 
-$file;
+1;
diff --git a/dist/Term-ReadLine/lib/Term/ReadLine.pm b/dist/Term-ReadLine/lib/Term/ReadLine.pm
index db08947972..88d5a75877 100644
--- a/dist/Term-ReadLine/lib/Term/ReadLine.pm
+++ b/dist/Term-ReadLine/lib/Term/ReadLine.pm
@@ -269,9 +269,8 @@ sub new {
 
     # the Windows CONIN$ needs GENERIC_WRITE mode to allow
     # a SetConsoleMode() if we end up using Term::ReadKey
-    open FIN, (  $^O eq 'MSWin32' && $console eq 'CONIN$' ) ? "+<$console" :
-                                                              "<$console";
-    open FOUT,">$consoleOUT";
+    open FIN, (( $^O eq 'MSWin32' && $console eq 'CONIN$' ) ? '+<' : '<' ), $console;
+    open FOUT,'>', $consoleOUT;
 
     #OUT->autoflush(1);		# Conflicts with debugger?
     my $sel = select(FOUT);
@@ -320,7 +319,7 @@ sub Features { \%features }
 
 package Term::ReadLine;		# So late to allow the above code be defined?
 
-our $VERSION = '1.15';
+our $VERSION = '1.16';
 
 my ($which) = exists $ENV{PERL_RL} ? split /\s+/, $ENV{PERL_RL} : undef;
 if ($which) {
diff --git a/dist/Test/lib/Test.pm b/dist/Test/lib/Test.pm
index 84db5f3ff4..ce544ffe19 100644
--- a/dist/Test/lib/Test.pm
+++ b/dist/Test/lib/Test.pm
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ sub _reset_globals {
     $planned    = 0;
 }
 
-$VERSION = '1.29';
+$VERSION = '1.30';
 require Exporter;
 @ISA=('Exporter');
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ sub _read_program {
   my($file) = shift;
   return unless defined $file and length $file
     and -e $file and -f _ and -r _;
-  open(SOURCEFILE, "<$file") || return;
+  open(SOURCEFILE, '<', $file) || return;
   $Program_Lines{$file} = [<SOURCEFILE>];
   close(SOURCEFILE);
 
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ If either (or both!) is a subroutine reference, it is run and used
 as the value for comparing.  For example:
 
     ok sub {
-        open(OUT, ">x.dat") || die $!;
+        open(OUT, '>', 'x.dat') || die $!;
         print OUT "\x{e000}";
         close OUT;
         my $bytecount = -s 'x.dat';
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ sub _diff_complain_external {
     if (close($got_fh) && close($exp_fh)) {
         my $diff_cmd = "$diff $exp_filename $got_filename";
         print $TESTERR "#\n# $prefix $diff_cmd\n";
-        if (open(DIFF, "$diff_cmd |")) {
+        if (open(DIFF, '-|', $diff_cmd)) {
             local $_;
             while (<DIFF>) {
                 print $TESTERR "# $prefix $_";
diff --git a/dist/Test/t/mix.t b/dist/Test/t/mix.t
index 5298338318..12607d73bf 100644
--- a/dist/Test/t/mix.t
+++ b/dist/Test/t/mix.t
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use Test qw(:DEFAULT $TESTOUT $TESTERR $ntest);
 ### seeing the todo tests, otherwise you get people sending in bug reports
 ### about Test.pm having "UNEXPECTEDLY SUCCEEDED" tests.
 
-open F, ">mix";
+open F, ">", "mix";
 $TESTOUT = *F{IO};
 $TESTERR = *F{IO};
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ $TESTOUT = *STDOUT{IO};
 $TESTERR = *STDERR{IO};
 $ntest = 1;
 
-open F, "mix";
+open F, "<", "mix";
 my $out = join '', <F>;
 close F;
 unlink "mix";
diff --git a/dist/Test/t/onfail.t b/dist/Test/t/onfail.t
index 85fe9eb884..dd6b83ec15 100644
--- a/dist/Test/t/onfail.t
+++ b/dist/Test/t/onfail.t
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ $mycnt = 0;
 
 my $why = "zero != one";
 # sneak in a test that Test::Harness wont see
-open J, ">junk";
+open J, ">", "junk";
 $TESTOUT = *J{IO};
 $TESTERR = *J{IO};
 ok(0, 1, $why);
diff --git a/dist/Test/t/todo.t b/dist/Test/t/todo.t
index 74f9aefb8b..8d3d7948c1 100644
--- a/dist/Test/t/todo.t
+++ b/dist/Test/t/todo.t
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use Test qw(:DEFAULT $TESTOUT $TESTERR $ntest);
 ### seeing the todo tests, otherwise you get people sending in bug reports
 ### about Test.pm having "UNEXPECTEDLY SUCCEEDED" tests.
 
-open F, ">todo";
+open F, ">", "todo";
 $TESTOUT = *F{IO};
 $TESTERR = *F{IO};
 my $tests = 5; 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ $TESTOUT = *STDOUT{IO};
 $TESTERR = *STDERR{IO};
 $ntest = 1;
 
-open F, "todo";
+open F, "<", "todo";
 my $out = join '', <F>;
 close F;
 unlink "todo";
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/01_gen.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/01_gen.t
index 202b09c76a..e9504d3a1d 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/01_gen.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/01_gen.t
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ sub check_contents {
   my $x = join $:, @c, '';
   local *FH = $o->{fh};
   seek FH, 0, SEEK_SET;
-#  my $open = open FH, "< $file";
+#  my $open = open FH, "<", $file;
   my $a;
   { local $/; $a = <FH> }
   $a = "" unless defined $a;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/02_fetchsize.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/02_fetchsize.t
index 12d2b51cba..146a91ad63 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/02_fetchsize.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/02_fetchsize.t
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/03_longfetch.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/03_longfetch.t
index 7d5a3886fe..63dad4fa3a 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/03_longfetch.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/03_longfetch.t
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/04_splice.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/04_splice.t
index b3880b758c..8d23c5851b 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/04_splice.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/04_splice.t
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ check_contents("0$:1$:2$:");
 
 sub init_file {
   my $data = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+  open F, '>', $file or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F $data;
   close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/05_size.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/05_size.t
index 44c69f910f..72774c8070 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/05_size.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/05_size.t
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
 # 2-3 FETCHSIZE 0-length file
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 close F;
 $o = tie @a, 'Tie::File', $file;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ undef $o;
 untie @a;
 
 my $data = "rec0$:rec1$:rec2$:";
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/07_rv_splice.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/07_rv_splice.t
index e5c09b1a48..141383a640 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/07_rv_splice.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/07_rv_splice.t
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ check_result();
 
 sub init_file {
   my $data = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+  open F, '>', $file or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F $data;
   close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/08_ro.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/08_ro.t
index 5fd8933bf8..a38e7faf52 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/08_ro.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/08_ro.t
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ for my $i (0..$#items) {
 
 sub init_file {
   my $data = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+  open F, '>', $file or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F $data;
   close F;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ if (setup_badly_terminated_file(4)) {
 
 sub setup_badly_terminated_file {
   my $NTESTS = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die "Couldn't open $file: $!";
+  open F, '>', $file or die "Couldn't open $file: $!";
   binmode F;
   print F $badrec;
   close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/09_gen_rs.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/09_gen_rs.t
index e590210335..88d8250ba0 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/09_gen_rs.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/09_gen_rs.t
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ if (setup_badly_terminated_file(1)) {
 
 sub setup_badly_terminated_file {
   my $NTESTS = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die "Couldn't open $file: $!";
+  open F, '>', $file or die "Couldn't open $file: $!";
   binmode F;
   print F $badrec;
   close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/10_splice_rs.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/10_splice_rs.t
index 50b8b0a7ee..da981db0d2 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/10_splice_rs.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/10_splice_rs.t
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ check_contents("");
 
 sub init_file {
   my $data = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+  open F, '>', $file or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F $data;
   close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/11_rv_splice_rs.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/11_rv_splice_rs.t
index ae1053802a..2fc9f2c716 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/11_rv_splice_rs.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/11_rv_splice_rs.t
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ check_result(0..3);
 
 sub init_file {
   my $data = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+  open F, '>', $file or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F $data;
   close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/12_longfetch_rs.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/12_longfetch_rs.t
index 6f1905d6af..4e5d57b199 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/12_longfetch_rs.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/12_longfetch_rs.t
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/13_size_rs.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/13_size_rs.t
index a2a8d53bdd..b2e534c970 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/13_size_rs.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/13_size_rs.t
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
 # 2-3 FETCHSIZE 0-length file
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 close F;
 $o = tie @a, 'Tie::File', $file, recsep => 'blah';
 print $o ? "ok $N\n" : "not ok $N\n";
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ undef $o;
 untie @a;
 
 # 4-5 FETCHSIZE positive-length file
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 print F $data;
 close F;
 $o = tie @a, 'Tie::File', $file, recsep => 'blah';
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/14_lock.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/14_lock.t
index cab48125b0..c523458f51 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/14_lock.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/14_lock.t
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
 # 2-4  Who the heck knows?
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 close F;
 $o = tie @a, 'Tie::File', $file, recsep => 'blah';
 print $o ? "ok $N\n" : "not ok $N\n";
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/16_handle.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/16_handle.t
index f799496be1..21a3fce946 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/16_handle.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/16_handle.t
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ sub check_contents {
   my $x = join $:, @c, '';
   local *FH = $o->{fh};
   seek FH, 0, SEEK_SET;
-#  my $open = open FH, "< $file";
+#  my $open = open FH, '<', $file;
   my $a;
   { local $/; $a = <FH> }
   $a = "" unless defined $a;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/19_cache.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/19_cache.t
index 81c693263e..a8b6e69c98 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/19_cache.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/19_cache.t
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ check();
 
 sub init_file {
   my $data = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+  open F, '>', $file or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F $data;
   close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/20_cache_full.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/20_cache_full.t
index 8b3bf0b2e0..bd4d6a760f 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/20_cache_full.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/20_cache_full.t
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ check();
 
 sub init_file {
   my $data = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+  open F, '>', $file or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F $data;
   close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/21_win32.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/21_win32.t
index d06854441b..0ccf669737 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/21_win32.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/21_win32.t
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ my $n;
 @a = qw(fish dog carrot);
 undef $o;
 untie @a;
-open F, "< $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+open F, '<', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
 binmode F;
 my $a = do {local $/ ; <F> };
 my $x = "fish\r\ndog\r\ncarrot\r\n" ;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/22_autochomp.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/22_autochomp.t
index dee07a8ec8..ebf3eaca4c 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/22_autochomp.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/22_autochomp.t
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ sub check_contents {
   my $x = join $:, @c, '';
   local *FH = $o->{fh};
   seek FH, 0, SEEK_SET;
-#  my $open = open FH, "< $file";
+#  my $open = open FH, '<', $file;
   my $a;
   { local $/; $a = <FH> }
   $a = "" unless defined $a;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/23_rv_ac_splice.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/23_rv_ac_splice.t
index be229574f9..104045a175 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/23_rv_ac_splice.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/23_rv_ac_splice.t
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ check_result(0..3);
 
 sub init_file {
   my $data = shift;
-  open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+  open F, '>', $file or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F $data;
   close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/24_cache_loop.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/24_cache_loop.t
index 0bc66bee2b..42c002c19b 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/24_cache_loop.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/24_cache_loop.t
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/25_gen_nocache.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/25_gen_nocache.t
index 78e5506215..ce55d27d6a 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/25_gen_nocache.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/25_gen_nocache.t
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ sub check_contents {
   my $x = join $:, @c, '';
   local *FH = $o->{fh};
   seek FH, 0, SEEK_SET;
-#  my $open = open FH, "< $file";
+#  my $open = open FH, '<', $file;
   my $a;
   { local $/; $a = <FH> }
   $a = "" unless defined $a;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/26_twrite.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/26_twrite.t
index e2a925f4e0..d827f1c3f9 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/26_twrite.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/26_twrite.t
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ $: = Tie::File::_default_recsep();
 # The problem was premature termination in the inner loop
 # because you had $more_data scoped *inside* the block instead of outside.
 # 20020331
-open F, "> $file" or die "Couldn't open $file: $!";
+open F, '>', $file or die "Couldn't open $file: $!";
 binmode F;
 for (1..100) {
   print F "$_ ", 'a'x150, $: ;
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ try(42000,     0,     0);  # old=0        , new=0        ; old = new
 
 sub try {
   my ($pos, $len, $newlen) = @_;
-  open F, "> $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '>', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
 
   # The record has exactly 17 characters.  This will help ensure that
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ sub try {
   $o->_twrite($newdata, $pos, $len);
   undef $o; untie @lines;
 
-  open F, "< $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '<', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
   my $actual;
   { local $/;
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ sub check_contents {
   my $x = join $:, @c, '';
   local *FH = $o->{fh};
   seek FH, 0, SEEK_SET;
-#  my $open = open FH, "< $file";
+#  my $open = open FH, '<', $file;
   my $a;
   { local $/; $a = <FH> }
   $a = "" unless defined $a;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/27_iwrite.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/27_iwrite.t
index db591a81ba..04ad436e47 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/27_iwrite.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/27_iwrite.t
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ sub try {
   my ($s, $len, $newlen) = @_;
   my $e = $s + $len;
 
-  open F, "> $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '>', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
 
   print F $oldfile;
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ sub try {
   my $actual_return = $o->_iwrite($newdata, $s, $e);
   undef $o; untie @lines;
 
-  open F, "< $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '<', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
   my $actual;
   { local $/;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/28_mtwrite.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/28_mtwrite.t
index 50e306d3b6..31463693df 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/28_mtwrite.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/28_mtwrite.t
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ sub mkrand {
 sub try {
   push @TRIES, [@_] if @_ == 3;
 
-  open F, "> $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '>', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
   print F $oldfile;
   close F;
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ sub try {
   my $actual_return = $o->_mtwrite(@mt_args);
   undef $o; untie @lines;
 
-  open F, "< $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '<', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
   my $actual;
   { local $/;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/29_downcopy.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/29_downcopy.t
index 51c941c3d2..793116a7c0 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/29_downcopy.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/29_downcopy.t
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ try(42000,     0,     0);  # old=0        , new=0        ; old = new
 
 sub try {
   my ($pos, $len, $newlen) = @_;
-  open F, "> $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '>', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
 
   # The record has exactly 17 characters.  This will help ensure that
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ sub try {
     }
   }
 
-  open F, "< $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '<', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
   my $actual;
   { local $/;
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ sub check_contents {
   my $x = join $:, @c, '';
   local *FH = $o->{fh};
   seek FH, 0, SEEK_SET;
-#  my $open = open FH, "< $file";
+#  my $open = open FH, '<', $file;
   my $a;
   { local $/; $a = <FH> }
   $a = "" unless defined $a;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/29a_upcopy.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/29a_upcopy.t
index 1130615f37..9840af4281 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/29a_upcopy.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/29a_upcopy.t
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ try($FLEN-20000, 200, undef);
 
 sub try {
   my ($src, $dst, $len) = @_;
-  open F, "> $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '>', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
 
   # The record has exactly 17 characters.  This will help ensure that
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ sub try {
     }
   }
 
-  open F, "< $file" or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
+  open F, '<', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file: $!";
   binmode F;
   my $actual;
   { local $/;
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ sub check_contents {
   my $x = join $:, @c, '';
   local *FH = $o->{fh};
   seek FH, 0, SEEK_SET;
-#  my $open = open FH, "< $file";
+#  my $open = open FH, '<', $file;
   my $a;
   { local $/; $a = <FH> }
   $a = "" unless defined $a;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/30_defer.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/30_defer.t
index 063b3a7090..975cdfba5c 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/30_defer.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/30_defer.t
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ check_contents(join $:, "r0".."r2", "", "r4".."r6", "");
 # 
 undef $o;  untie @a;
 $data = join "$:", map("record$_", 0..7), "";  # records are 8 or 9 bytes long
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ check_contents(join("$:", qw(recordF recordB recordC
 undef $o;
 untie @a;
 # (79) We can't use check_contents any more, because the object is dead
-open F, "< $file" or die;
+open F, '<', $file or die;
 binmode F;
 { local $/ ; $z = <F> }
 close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/31_autodefer.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/31_autodefer.t
index ea929a4097..baf72c2957 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/31_autodefer.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/31_autodefer.t
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/32_defer_misc.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/32_defer_misc.t
index e0e3f15bb8..f4ee110551 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/32_defer_misc.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/32_defer_misc.t
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
diff --git a/dist/Tie-File/t/33_defer_vs.t b/dist/Tie-File/t/33_defer_vs.t
index 071af77a68..b68541c0bc 100644
--- a/dist/Tie-File/t/33_defer_vs.t
+++ b/dist/Tie-File/t/33_defer_vs.t
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ my $N = 1;
 use Tie::File;
 print "ok $N\n"; $N++;
 
-open F, "> $file" or die $!;
+open F, '>', $file or die $!;
 binmode F;
 print F $data;
 close F;
diff --git a/dist/Time-HiRes/Makefile.PL b/dist/Time-HiRes/Makefile.PL
index 9060fa20f3..ccad6a3e6f 100644
--- a/dist/Time-HiRes/Makefile.PL
+++ b/dist/Time-HiRes/Makefile.PL
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ sub try_compile_and_link {
     my $obj_ext = $Config{obj_ext} || ".o";
     unlink("$tmp.c", "$tmp$obj_ext");
 
-    if (open(TMPC, ">$tmp.c")) {
+    if (open(TMPC, '>', "$tmp.c")) {
 	print TMPC $c;
 	close(TMPC);
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ __EOD__
 	    unless defined $cccmd;
 
        if ($^O eq 'VMS') {
-	    open( CMDFILE, ">$tmp.com" );
+	    open( CMDFILE, '>', "$tmp.com" );
 	    print CMDFILE "\$ SET MESSAGE/NOFACILITY/NOSEVERITY/NOIDENT/NOTEXT\n";
 	    print CMDFILE "\$ $cccmd\n";
 	    print CMDFILE "\$ IF \$SEVERITY .NE. 1 THEN EXIT 44\n"; # escalate
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ EOM
 
     if ($DEFINE) {
         $DEFINE =~ s/^\s+//;
-        if (open(XDEFINE, ">xdefine")) {
+        if (open(XDEFINE, '>', 'xdefine')) {
 	    print XDEFINE $DEFINE, "\n";
 	    close(XDEFINE);
         }
@@ -1015,8 +1015,8 @@ sub doConstants {
 	foreach $file ('const-c.inc', 'const-xs.inc') {
 	    my $fallback = File::Spec->catfile('fallback', $file);
 	    local $/;
-	    open IN, "<$fallback" or die "Can't open $fallback: $!";
-	    open OUT, ">$file" or die "Can't open $file: $!";
+	    open IN, '<', $fallback or die "Can't open $fallback: $!";
+	    open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't open $file: $!";
 	    print OUT <IN> or die $!;
 	    close OUT or die "Can't close $file: $!";
 	    close IN or die "Can't close $fallback: $!";
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ sub main {
 	    DEFINE('SELECT_IS_BROKEN');
 	    $LIBS = [];
 	    print "System is $^O, skipping full configure...\n";
-	    open(XDEFINE, ">xdefine") or die "$0: Cannot create xdefine: $!\n";
+	    open(XDEFINE, '>', 'xdefine') or die "$0: Cannot create xdefine: $!\n";
 	    close(XDEFINE);
 	} else {
 	    init();
diff --git a/dist/Time-HiRes/t/alarm.t b/dist/Time-HiRes/t/alarm.t
index f600f99256..4935410d36 100644
--- a/dist/Time-HiRes/t/alarm.t
+++ b/dist/Time-HiRes/t/alarm.t
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use Config;
 my $limit = 0.25; # 25% is acceptable slosh for testing timers
 
 my $xdefine = ''; 
-if (open(XDEFINE, "xdefine")) {
+if (open(XDEFINE, "<", "xdefine")) {
     chomp($xdefine = <XDEFINE> || "");
     close(XDEFINE);
 }
diff --git a/dist/Time-HiRes/t/sleep.t b/dist/Time-HiRes/t/sleep.t
index c4d802be40..b84b4c6725 100644
--- a/dist/Time-HiRes/t/sleep.t
+++ b/dist/Time-HiRes/t/sleep.t
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ BEGIN { require_ok "Time::HiRes"; }
 use Config;
 
 my $xdefine = ''; 
-if (open(XDEFINE, "xdefine")) {
+if (open(XDEFINE, "<", "xdefine")) {
     chomp($xdefine = <XDEFINE> || "");
     close(XDEFINE);
 }
diff --git a/dist/Time-HiRes/t/stat.t b/dist/Time-HiRes/t/stat.t
index e7552b5e25..a59a342e20 100644
--- a/dist/Time-HiRes/t/stat.t
+++ b/dist/Time-HiRes/t/stat.t
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ my @atime;
 my @mtime;
 for (1..5) {
     Time::HiRes::sleep(rand(0.1) + 0.1);
-    open(X, ">$$");
+    open(X, '>', $$);
     print X $$;
     close(X);
     my($a, $stat, $b) = ("a", [Time::HiRes::stat($$)], "b");
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ for (1..5) {
     is $b, "b";
     is_deeply $lstat, $stat;
     Time::HiRes::sleep(rand(0.1) + 0.1);
-    open(X, "<$$");
+    open(X, '<', $$);
     <X>;
     close(X);
     $stat = [Time::HiRes::stat($$)];
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ SKIP: {
 my $targetname = "tgt$$";
 my $linkname = "link$$";
 SKIP: {
-    open(X, ">$targetname");
+    open(X, '>', $targetname);
     print X $$;
     close(X);
     eval { symlink $targetname, $linkname or die "can't symlink: $!"; };
diff --git a/dist/Time-HiRes/t/utime.t b/dist/Time-HiRes/t/utime.t
index e64f99bfbe..f84bccfbfb 100644
--- a/dist/Time-HiRes/t/utime.t
+++ b/dist/Time-HiRes/t/utime.t
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ BEGIN {
         sub getfstype {
             my ($fn) = @_;
             my $cmd = "df $fn";
-            open(my $df, "$cmd |") or die "$cmd: $!";
+            open(my $df, '-|', $cmd) or die "$cmd: $!";
              my @df = <$df>;  # Assume $df[0] is header line.
              my $dev = +(split(" ", $df[1]))[0];
-             open(my $mounts, "/proc/mounts") or die "/proc/mounts: $!";
+             open(my $mounts, '<', '/proc/mounts') or die "/proc/mounts: $!";
              while (<$mounts>) {
                  my @m = split(" ");
                  if ($m[0] eq $dev) { return $m[2] }
diff --git a/dist/XSLoader/XSLoader_pm.PL b/dist/XSLoader/XSLoader_pm.PL
index 2d0093050f..1549f03879 100644
--- a/dist/XSLoader/XSLoader_pm.PL
+++ b/dist/XSLoader/XSLoader_pm.PL
@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@ use Config;
 eval { require DynaLoader };
 
 1 while unlink "XSLoader.pm";
-open OUT, ">XSLoader.pm" or die $!;
+open OUT, '>', 'XSLoader.pm' or die $!;
 print OUT <<'EOT';
 # Generated from XSLoader.pm.PL (resolved %Config::Config value)
 # This file is unique for every OS
 
 package XSLoader;
 
-$VERSION = "0.24";
+$VERSION = "0.26";
 
 #use strict;
 
diff --git a/dist/lib/lib_pm.PL b/dist/lib/lib_pm.PL
index 8706e82e44..a4c5cc38a7 100644
--- a/dist/lib/lib_pm.PL
+++ b/dist/lib/lib_pm.PL
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ if ($expand_config_vars) {
 	      q(reverse split / /, $Config{inc_version_list});
 }
  
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT,'>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
  
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
  
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ my \@inc_version_list = $Config_inc_version_list;
 print OUT <<'!NO!SUBS!';
 
 our @ORIG_INC = @INC;	# take a handy copy of 'original' value
-our $VERSION = '0.63';
+our $VERSION = '0.64';
 
 sub import {
     shift;
diff --git a/dist/lib/t/01lib.t b/dist/lib/t/01lib.t
index 7cf644d428..a1b023d138 100644
--- a/dist/lib/t/01lib.t
+++ b/dist/lib/t/01lib.t
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ BEGIN {
 
     mkpath [$Auto_Dir];
 
-    open(MOD, ">$Module") || DIE $!;
+    open(MOD, '>', $Module) || DIE $!;
     print MOD <<'MODULE';
 package Yup;
 $Plan = 9;
diff --git a/djgpp/fixpmain b/djgpp/fixpmain
index 8ebbf78623..9ff2ad620c 100644
--- a/djgpp/fixpmain
+++ b/djgpp/fixpmain
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 
 use Config;
 
-open (PERLM,"<perlmain.c") or die "Can't load perlmain.c: $!";
-open (MAKEFILE,"<makefile.pl") or die "Can't load makefile.pl: $!";
+open (PERLM, '<', 'perlmain.c') or die "Can't load perlmain.c: $!";
+open (MAKEFILE, '<', 'makefile.pl') or die "Can't load makefile.pl: $!";
 undef $/;
 $perlmain=<PERLM>;
 $makefile=<MAKEFILE>;
@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ for $realname (@exts)
 #DynaLoader is special
 $perlmain =~ s/(DynaLoader:\:boot)strap/$1_DynaLoader/gm;
 
-open (PERLM,">perlmain.c") or die "Can't write perlmain.c: $!";
+open (PERLM, '>', 'perlmain.c') or die "Can't write perlmain.c: $!";
 print PERLM $perlmain;
diff --git a/ext/B/B/Xref.pm b/ext/B/B/Xref.pm
index 8beb243f71..255ee890bd 100644
--- a/ext/B/B/Xref.pm
+++ b/ext/B/B/Xref.pm
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package B::Xref;
 
-our $VERSION = '1.05';
+our $VERSION = '1.06';
 
 =head1 NAME
 
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ sub compile {
 	    last OPTION;
 	} elsif ($opt eq "o") {
 	    $arg ||= shift @options;
-	    open(STDOUT, ">$arg") or return "$arg: $!\n";
+	    open(STDOUT, '>', $arg) or return "$arg: $!\n";
 	} elsif ($opt eq "d") {
 	    $nodefs = 1;
 	} elsif ($opt eq "r") {
diff --git a/ext/B/t/OptreeCheck.pm b/ext/B/t/OptreeCheck.pm
index 3ae19304d7..e7af99ece1 100644
--- a/ext/B/t/OptreeCheck.pm
+++ b/ext/B/t/OptreeCheck.pm
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use warnings;
 use vars qw($TODO $Level $using_open);
 require "test.pl";
 
-our $VERSION = '0.14';
+our $VERSION = '0.15';
 
 # now export checkOptree, and those test.pl functions used by tests
 our @EXPORT = qw( checkOptree plan skip skip_all pass is like unlike
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ sub OptreeCheck::processExamples {
     # turned into optreeCheck tests,
 
     foreach my $file (@files) {
-	open (my $fh, $file) or die "cant open $file: $!\n";
+	open (my $fh, '<', $file) or die "cant open $file: $!\n";
 	$/ = "";
 	my @chunks = <$fh>;
 	print preamble (scalar @chunks);
diff --git a/ext/B/t/xref.t b/ext/B/t/xref.t
index 32a80e73d5..3e201c12e1 100644
--- a/ext/B/t/xref.t
+++ b/ext/B/t/xref.t
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ open STDOUT, ">&SAVEOUT" or diag $!;
 # line 200
 my ($curfile, $cursub, $curpack) = ('') x 3;
 our %xreftable = ();
-open XREF, $file or die "# Can't open $file: $!\n";
+open XREF, '<', $file or die "# Can't open $file: $!\n";
 while (<XREF>) {
     print STDERR $_ if $ENV{PERL_DEBUG};
     chomp;
diff --git a/ext/Devel-Peek/t/Peek.t b/ext/Devel-Peek/t/Peek.t
index 07f651073b..d62e3b21a1 100644
--- a/ext/Devel-Peek/t/Peek.t
+++ b/ext/Devel-Peek/t/Peek.t
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ sub do_test {
     my $repeat_todo = $_[4];
     my $pattern = $_[2];
     my $do_eval = $_[5];
-    if (open(OUT,">peek$$")) {
+    if (open(OUT,'>', "peek$$")) {
 	open(STDERR, ">&OUT") or die "Can't dup OUT: $!";
         if ($do_eval) {
             my $sub = eval "sub { Dump $_[1] }";
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ sub do_test {
         }
 	open(STDERR, ">&SAVERR") or die "Can't restore STDERR: $!";
 	close(OUT);
-	if (open(IN, "peek$$")) {
+	if (open(IN, '<', "peek$$")) {
 	    local $/;
 	    $pattern =~ s/\$ADDR/0x[[:xdigit:]]+/g;
 	    $pattern =~ s/\$FLOAT/(?:\\d*\\.\\d+(?:e[-+]\\d+)?|\\d+)/g;
@@ -1146,7 +1146,7 @@ unless ($Config{useithreads}) {
 # (One block of study tests removed when study was made a no-op.)
 
 {
-    open(OUT,">peek$$") or die "Failed to open peek $$: $!";
+    open(OUT, '>', "peek$$") or die "Failed to open peek $$: $!";
     open(STDERR, ">&OUT") or die "Can't dup OUT: $!";
     DeadCode();
     open(STDERR, ">&SAVERR") or die "Can't restore STDERR: $!";
@@ -1232,12 +1232,12 @@ do_test('UTF-8 in a regular expression',
 use utf8;
 
 sub _dump {
-   open(OUT,">peek$$") or die $!;
+   open(OUT, '>', "peek$$") or die $!;
    open(STDERR, ">&OUT") or die "Can't dup OUT: $!";
    Dump($_[0]);
    open(STDERR, ">&SAVERR") or die "Can't restore STDERR: $!";
    close(OUT);
-   open(IN, "peek$$") or die $!;
+   open(IN, '<', "peek$$") or die $!;
    my $dump = do { local $/; <IN> };
    close(IN);
    1 while unlink "peek$$";
diff --git a/ext/DynaLoader/DynaLoader_pm.PL b/ext/DynaLoader/DynaLoader_pm.PL
index ee348c80ea..24c8bea36c 100644
--- a/ext/DynaLoader/DynaLoader_pm.PL
+++ b/ext/DynaLoader/DynaLoader_pm.PL
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ sub expand_os_specific {
 }
 
 unlink "DynaLoader.pm" if -f "DynaLoader.pm";
-open OUT, ">DynaLoader.pm" or die $!;
+open OUT, '>', "DynaLoader.pm" or die $!;
 print OUT <<'EOT';
 
 # Generated from DynaLoader_pm.PL, this file is unique for every OS
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ package DynaLoader;
 # Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk, August 1994
 
 BEGIN {
-    $VERSION = '1.40';
+    $VERSION = '1.41';
 }
 
 EOT
diff --git a/ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL b/ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL
index 8b1286dde6..d345e98042 100644
--- a/ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL
+++ b/ext/Errno/Errno_pm.PL
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
 use Config;
 use strict;
 
-our $VERSION = "1.27";
+our $VERSION = "1.28";
 
 my %err = ();
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ my $IsMSWin32 = $^O eq 'MSWin32' && !$IsSymbian;
 
 unlink "Errno.pm" if -f "Errno.pm";
 unlink "Errno.tmp" if -f "Errno.tmp";
-open OUT, ">Errno.tmp" or die "Cannot open Errno.tmp: $!";
+open OUT, '>', 'Errno.tmp' or die "Cannot open Errno.tmp: $!";
 select OUT;
 my $file;
 my @files = get_files();
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ if ($Config{gccversion} ne '' && $^O eq 'MSWin32') {
     # MinGW complains "warning: #pragma system_header ignored outside include
     # file" if the header files are processed individually, so include them
     # all in .c file and process that instead.
-    open INCS, '>includes.c' or
+    open INCS, '>', 'includes.c' or
 	die "Cannot open includes.c";
     foreach $file (@files) {
 	next if $file eq 'errno.c';
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ sub process_file {
             return;
 	}     
     } else {
-	unless(open(FH,"< $file")) {
+	unless(open(FH, '<', $file)) {
 	    # This file could be a temporary file created by cppstdin
 	    # so only warn under -w, and return
             warn "Cannot open '$file'" if $^W;
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ sub get_files {
         $SDK =~ s!\\!/!g;
 	$file{"$SDK/epoc32/include/libc/sys/errno.h"} = 1;
     } else {
-	open(CPPI,"> errno.c") or
+	open(CPPI, '>', 'errno.c') or
 	    die "Cannot open errno.c";
 
 	if ($^O eq 'NetWare') {
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ sub write_errno_pm {
 
     # create the CPP input
 
-    open(CPPI,"> errno.c") or
+    open(CPPI, '>', 'errno.c') or
 	die "Cannot open errno.c";
 
     if ($^O eq 'NetWare') {
diff --git a/ext/Fcntl/t/syslfs.t b/ext/Fcntl/t/syslfs.t
index 09dea10453..00e072ba60 100644
--- a/ext/Fcntl/t/syslfs.t
+++ b/ext/Fcntl/t/syslfs.t
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ explain() unless Test::Builder->new()->is_passing();
 END {
     # unlink may fail if applied directly to a large file
     # be paranoid about leaving 5 gig files lying around
-    open(BIG, ">$big0"); # truncate
+    open(BIG, '>', $big0); # truncate
     close(BIG);
 }
 
diff --git a/ext/File-Glob/t/basic.t b/ext/File-Glob/t/basic.t
index 2e6a4748d4..1e264a2eb1 100644
--- a/ext/File-Glob/t/basic.t
+++ b/ext/File-Glob/t/basic.t
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ if ($^O eq 'VMS') { # VMS is happily caseignorant
 }
 
 for (@f_names) {
-    open T, "> $_";
+    open T, '>', $_;
     close T;
 }
 
diff --git a/ext/FileCache/t/02maxopen.t b/ext/FileCache/t/02maxopen.t
index c95ba73bca..00dbb1bd54 100644
--- a/ext/FileCache/t/02maxopen.t
+++ b/ext/FileCache/t/02maxopen.t
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use Test::More tests => 5;
     next unless fileno($path);
     print $path "$path 2\n";
     close($path);
-    open($path, $path);
+    open($path, '<', $path);
     <$path>;
     push @cat, <$path>;
     close($path);
diff --git a/ext/GDBM_File/t/fatal.t b/ext/GDBM_File/t/fatal.t
index b7045bad69..0e426d4dbc 100644
--- a/ext/GDBM_File/t/fatal.t
+++ b/ext/GDBM_File/t/fatal.t
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ BEGIN {
 
 unlink <Op_dbmx*>;
 
-open my $fh, $^X or die "Can't open $^X: $!";
+open my $fh, '<', $^X or die "Can't open $^X: $!";
 my $fileno = fileno $fh;
 isnt($fileno, undef, "Can find next available file descriptor");
 close $fh or die $!;
diff --git a/ext/IPC-Open3/t/IPC-Open3.t b/ext/IPC-Open3/t/IPC-Open3.t
index 25cfdfb6ae..aa196e5cf2 100644
--- a/ext/IPC-Open3/t/IPC-Open3.t
+++ b/ext/IPC-Open3/t/IPC-Open3.t
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ foreach my $handle (qw (DUMMY STDIN STDOUT STDERR)) {
     my $out = IO::Handle->new();
     my $pid = eval {
 	local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
-	    open my $fh, '>/dev/tty';
+	    open my $fh, '>', '/dev/tty';
 	    return if "@_" =~ m!^Use of uninitialized value \$fd.*IO/Handle\.pm!;
 	    print $fh "@_";
 	    die @_
diff --git a/ext/IPC-Open3/t/fd.t b/ext/IPC-Open3/t/fd.t
index 2a71b1387c..adb1f5cd65 100644
--- a/ext/IPC-Open3/t/fd.t
+++ b/ext/IPC-Open3/t/fd.t
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ plan 3;
 
   fresh_perl_like(<<"EOP",
 use IPC::Open3;
-open FOO, '$file' or die \$!;
+open FOO, '<', '$file' or die \$!;
 open3('<&' . fileno FOO, my \$out, undef, \$ENV{PERLEXE}, '-eprint scalar <STDIN>');
 print <\$out>;
 EOP
diff --git a/ext/POSIX/t/sysconf.t b/ext/POSIX/t/sysconf.t
index f23e0d3b3b..29cf20f210 100644
--- a/ext/POSIX/t/sysconf.t
+++ b/ext/POSIX/t/sysconf.t
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ SKIP: {
 
     -c $TTY
 	or skip("$TTY not a character file", $n);
-    open(TTY, $TTY)
+    open(TTY, '<', $TTY)
 	or skip("failed to open $TTY: $!", $n);
     -t TTY
 	or skip("TTY ($TTY) not a terminal file", $n);
diff --git a/ext/PerlIO-encoding/t/encoding.t b/ext/PerlIO-encoding/t/encoding.t
index cba14a8243..088f89ee20 100644
--- a/ext/PerlIO-encoding/t/encoding.t
+++ b/ext/PerlIO-encoding/t/encoding.t
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ my $fail2 = "fb$$";
 my $russki = "koi8r$$";
 my $threebyte = "3byte$$";
 
-if (open(GRK, ">$grk")) {
+if (open(GRK, '>', $grk)) {
     binmode(GRK, ":bytes");
     # alpha beta gamma in ISO 8859-7
     print GRK "\xe1\xe2\xe3";
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ if (open(GRK, ">$grk")) {
     close($i);
 }
 
-if (open(UTF, "<$utf")) {
+if (open(UTF, '<', $utf)) {
     binmode(UTF, ":bytes");
 
     # alpha beta gamma in UTF-8 Unicode (0x3b1 0x3b2 0x3b3)
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ if (open(UTF, "<$utf")) {
     close($i);
 }
 
-if (open(GRK, "<$grk")) {
+if (open(GRK, '<', $grk)) {
     binmode(GRK, ":bytes");
     is(scalar <GRK>, "\xe1\xe2\xe3");
     close GRK;
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {$warn .= $_[0]};
 is (open(FAIL, ">:encoding(NoneSuch)", $fail1), undef, 'Open should fail');
 like($warn, qr/^Cannot find encoding "NoneSuch" at/);
 
-is(open(RUSSKI, ">$russki"), 1);
+is(open(RUSSKI, '>', $russki), 1);
 print RUSSKI "\x3c\x3f\x78";
 close RUSSKI or die "Could not close: $!";
-open(RUSSKI, "$russki");
+open(RUSSKI, '<', $russki);
 binmode(RUSSKI, ":raw");
 my $buf1;
 read(RUSSKI, $buf1, 1);
diff --git a/ext/PerlIO-encoding/t/fallback.t b/ext/PerlIO-encoding/t/fallback.t
index cf3fdc325e..3abdfd3f37 100644
--- a/ext/PerlIO-encoding/t/fallback.t
+++ b/ext/PerlIO-encoding/t/fallback.t
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ my $file = "fallback$$.txt";
     like($message, qr/does not map to iso-8859-1/o, "FB_WARN message");
 }
 
-open($fh,$file) || die "File cannot be re-opened";
+open($fh,'<',$file) || die "File cannot be re-opened";
 my $line = <$fh>;
 is($line,"\\x{20ac}0.02\n","perlqq escapes");
 close($fh);
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ my $str = "\x{20AC}";
 print $fh $str,"0.02\n";
 close($fh);
 
-open($fh,$file) || die "File cannot be re-opened";
+open($fh,'<',$file) || die "File cannot be re-opened";
 my $line = <$fh>;
 is($line,"&#8364;0.02\n","HTML escapes");
 close($fh);
 
 {
     no utf8;
-    open($fh,">$file") || die "File cannot be re-opened";
+    open($fh,'>',$file) || die "File cannot be re-opened";
     binmode($fh);
     print $fh "\xA30.02\n";
     close($fh);
diff --git a/ext/PerlIO-via/t/via.t b/ext/PerlIO-via/t/via.t
index 0619592606..6787e11cc4 100644
--- a/ext/PerlIO-via/t/via.t
+++ b/ext/PerlIO-via/t/via.t
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ is($a, $b, 'compare original data with filtered version');
     use warnings 'layer';
 
     # Find fd number we should be using
-    my $fd = open($fh,">$tmp") && fileno($fh);
+    my $fd = open($fh,'>',$tmp) && fileno($fh);
     print $fh "Hello\n";
     close($fh);
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ is($a, $b, 'compare original data with filtered version');
     like( $warnings, qr/^Cannot find package 'Unknown::Module'/,  'warn about unknown package' );
 
     # Now open normally again to see if we get right fileno
-    my $fd2 = open($fh,"<$tmp") && fileno($fh);
+    my $fd2 = open($fh,'<',$tmp) && fileno($fh);
     is($fd2,$fd,"Wrong fd number after failed open");
 
     my $data = <$fh>;
diff --git a/ext/Pod-Html/t/pod2html-lib.pl b/ext/Pod-Html/t/pod2html-lib.pl
index 27e3e94b96..dfe309ab84 100644
--- a/ext/Pod-Html/t/pod2html-lib.pl
+++ b/ext/Pod-Html/t/pod2html-lib.pl
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ sub convert_n_test {
     }
 
 	# result
-	open my $in, $outfile or die "cannot open $outfile: $!";
+	open my $in, '<', $outfile or die "cannot open $outfile: $!";
 	$result = <$in>;
 	close $in;
     }
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ sub convert_n_test {
 	  open my $tmpfile, ">", $expectfile or die $!;
 	  print $tmpfile $expect;
 	  close $tmpfile;
-	  open my $diff_fh, "$diff $diffopt $expectfile $outfile |" or die $!;
+	  open my $diff_fh, "-|", "$diff $diffopt $expectfile $outfile" or die $!;
 	  print STDERR "# $_" while <$diff_fh>;
 	  close $diff_fh;
 	  unlink $expectfile;
diff --git a/ext/VMS-DCLsym/DCLsym.pm b/ext/VMS-DCLsym/DCLsym.pm
index b239e1572d..6990e2af5a 100644
--- a/ext/VMS-DCLsym/DCLsym.pm
+++ b/ext/VMS-DCLsym/DCLsym.pm
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use strict;
 
 # Package globals
 @ISA = ( 'DynaLoader' );
-$VERSION = '1.07';
+$VERSION = '1.08';
 my(%Locsyms) = ( ':ID' => 'LOCAL' );
 my(%Gblsyms) = ( ':ID' => 'GLOBAL');
 my $DoCache = 1;
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ sub FIRSTKEY {
   if (!$DoCache || !$Cache_set) {
     # We should eventually replace this with a C routine which walks the
     # CLI symbol table directly.  If I ever get 'hold of an I&DS manual . . .
-    open(P,'Show Symbol * |');
+    open(P, '-|', 'Show Symbol *');
     while (<P>) {
       ($name,$eqs,$val) = /^\s+(\S+) (=+) (.+)/
         or carp "VMS::DCLsym: unparseable line $_";
diff --git a/ext/XS-APItest/Makefile.PL b/ext/XS-APItest/Makefile.PL
index c06fac6f22..d46fa64dcf 100644
--- a/ext/XS-APItest/Makefile.PL
+++ b/ext/XS-APItest/Makefile.PL
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ my @names = (qw(HV_DELETE HV_DISABLE_UVAR_XKEY HV_FETCH_ISSTORE
 		),
 	     {name=>"G_WANT", default=>["IV", "G_ARRAY|G_VOID"]});
 
-open my $fh, '../../overload.h' or die "Can't open ../../overload.h: $!";
+open my $fh, '<', '../../overload.h' or die "Can't open ../../overload.h: $!";
 while (<$fh>) {
     push @names, {name => $1, macro => 1} if /^\s+([A-Za-z_0-9]+_amg),/;
 }
diff --git a/ext/XS-APItest/t/printf.t b/ext/XS-APItest/t/printf.t
index 8f43ee2532..968fdc4627 100644
--- a/ext/XS-APItest/t/printf.t
+++ b/ext/XS-APItest/t/printf.t
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ print_flush();
 
 # Now redirect STDOUT and read from the file
 ok open(STDOUT, ">&", $oldout), "restore STDOUT";
-ok open(my $foo, "<foo.out"), "open foo.out";
+ok open(my $foo, '<', 'foo.out'), "open foo.out";
 #print "# Test output by reading from file\n";
 # now test the output
 my @output = map { chomp; $_ } <$foo>;
diff --git a/ext/XS-Typemap/t/Typemap.t b/ext/XS-Typemap/t/Typemap.t
index 46ab20fd11..3e56b573d6 100644
--- a/ext/XS-Typemap/t/Typemap.t
+++ b/ext/XS-Typemap/t/Typemap.t
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ if (defined $fh) {
   ok( $Config{useperlio} ? T_STDIO_close( $fh ) : close( $fh ) );
 
   # open from perl, and check contents
-  open($fh, "< $testfile");
+  open($fh, '<', $testfile);
   ok($fh);
   my $line = <$fh>;
   is($line,$lines[0]);
diff --git a/h2pl/mksizes b/h2pl/mksizes
index cb4b8ab86e..f28ba9e243 100644
--- a/h2pl/mksizes
+++ b/h2pl/mksizes
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ($iam = $0) =~ s%.*/%%;
 $tmp = "$iam.$$";
-open (CODE,">$tmp.c") || die "$iam: cannot create $tmp.c: $!\n";
+open (CODE, '>', "$tmp.c") || die "$iam: cannot create $tmp.c: $!\n";
 
 $mask = q/printf ("$sizeof{'%s'} = %d;\n"/; 
 
diff --git a/h2pl/mkvars b/h2pl/mkvars
index ffb0f0b0b9..219c00537e 100644
--- a/h2pl/mkvars
+++ b/h2pl/mkvars
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ foreach $include (@ARGV) {
     printf STDERR "including %s\n", $include;
     do $include;
     warn "sourcing $include: $@\n" if ($@);
-    if (!open (INCLUDE,"$LIB/$include")) {
+    if (!open (INCLUDE,'<',"$LIB/$include")) {
 	warn "can't open $LIB/$include: $!\n"; 
 	next; 
     } 
diff --git a/installhtml b/installhtml
index 06342a8425..0199709bb4 100644
--- a/installhtml
+++ b/installhtml
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ foreach my $dir (@splithead) {
 
     # read in everything until what would have been the first =head
     # directive, patching the index as we go.
-    open(H, "<$file.html") ||
+    open(H, '<', "$file.html") ||
 	die "$0: error opening $file.html for input: $!\n";
     $/ = "";
     my @data = ();
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ foreach my $dir (@splithead) {
     close(H);
 
     # now rewrite the file
-    open(H, ">$file.html") ||
+    open(H, '>', "$file.html") ||
 	die "$0: error opening $file.html for output: $!\n";
     print H "@data", "\n";
     close(H);
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ sub create_index {
     my @files = sort(grep(/\.html?$/, readdir(DIR)));
     closedir(DIR);
 
-    open(HTML, ">$html") ||
+    open(HTML, '>', $html) ||
 	die "$0: error opening $html for output: $!\n";
 
     # for each .html file in the directory, extract the index
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ sub create_index {
     foreach my $file (@files) {
 
 	my $filedata = do {
-	    open(my $in, "<$dir/$file") ||
+	    open(my $in, '<', "$dir/$file") ||
 		die "$0: error opening $dir/$file for input: $!\n";
 	    local $/ = undef;
 	    <$in>;
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ sub splitpod {
 
     # read the file in paragraphs
     $/ = "";
-    open(SPLITIN, "<$pod") ||
+    open(SPLITIN, '<', $pod) ||
 	die "$0: error opening $pod for input: $!\n";
     @filedata = <SPLITIN>;
     close(SPLITIN) ||
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ sub splitpod {
 
 	# create the new .pod file
 	print "\tcreating $poddir/$file\n" if $verbose;
-	open(SPLITOUT, ">$poddir/$file") ||
+	open(SPLITOUT, '>', "$poddir/$file") ||
 	    die "$0: error opening $poddir/$file for output: $!\n";
 	$poddata[$i] =~ s,L<([^<>]*)>,
 			defined $heads{anchorify($1)} ? "L<$dir/$1>" : "L<$1>"
diff --git a/lib/DBM_Filter/t/01error.t b/lib/DBM_Filter/t/01error.t
index 1aff972b4e..33173f3e7e 100644
--- a/lib/DBM_Filter/t/01error.t
+++ b/lib/DBM_Filter/t/01error.t
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ sub writeFile
 {
     my $filename = shift ;
     my $content = shift;
-    open F, ">$filename" or croak "Cannot open $filename: $!" ;
+    open F, '>', $filename or croak "Cannot open $filename: $!" ;
     print F $content ;
     close F;
 }
diff --git a/lib/DBM_Filter/t/02core.t b/lib/DBM_Filter/t/02core.t
index a9538e52d1..1f5fef94f1 100644
--- a/lib/DBM_Filter/t/02core.t
+++ b/lib/DBM_Filter/t/02core.t
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ sub writeFile
 {
     my $filename = shift ;
     my $content = shift;
-    open F, ">DBM_Filter/$filename.pm" or croak "Cannot open $filename: $!" ;
+    open F, '>', "DBM_Filter/$filename.pm" or croak "Cannot open $filename: $!" ;
     print F $content ;
     close F;
     $files{"DBM_Filter/$filename.pm"} ++;
diff --git a/lib/English.t b/lib/English.t
index bed1162677..35a06caacf 100644
--- a/lib/English.t
+++ b/lib/English.t
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ $ORS = "\n";
 	if ($^O ne 'dos') {
 	    pipe(IN, OUT);
 	} else {
-	    open(OUT, ">en.tmp");
+	    open(OUT, ">", "en.tmp");
 	}
 	select(OUT);
 	$| = 1;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ $ORS = "\n";
 	my $close = close OUT;
 	ok( !($close) == $CHILD_ERROR, '$CHILD_ERROR should be false' );
 
-	open(IN, "<en.tmp") if ($^O eq 'dos');
+	open(IN, "<", "en.tmp") if ($^O eq 'dos');
 	my $foo = <IN>;
 	like( $foo, qr/ok 7/, '$OFS' );
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ is( $keys[1], 'd|e|f', '$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR' );
 eval { is( $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, 1, '$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT' ) };
 ok( !$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, '$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT should be false' );
 
-eval { local *F; my $f = 'asdasdasd'; ++$f while -e $f; open(F, $f); };
+eval { local *F; my $f = 'asdasdasd'; ++$f while -e $f; open(F, '<', $f); };
 is( $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, '$OS_ERROR' );
 ok( $OS_ERROR{ENOENT}, '%OS_ERROR (ENOENT should be set)' );
 
diff --git a/lib/ExtUtils/Embed.pm b/lib/ExtUtils/Embed.pm
index 9305b5dc13..b26bf7382e 100644
--- a/lib/ExtUtils/Embed.pm
+++ b/lib/ExtUtils/Embed.pm
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT $VERSION
 use strict;
 
 # This is not a dual-life module, so no need for development version numbers
-$VERSION = '1.33';
+$VERSION = '1.34';
 
 @ISA = qw(Exporter);
 @EXPORT = qw(&xsinit &ldopts 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ sub ldopts {
 	    push @archives, $archive;
 	    if(-e ($extra = File::Spec->catdir($_,"auto",$root,"extralibs.ld"))) {
 		local(*FH); 
-		if(open(FH, $extra)) {
+		if(open(FH, '<', $extra)) {
 		    my($libs) = <FH>; chomp $libs;
 		    push @potential_libs, split /\s+/, $libs;
 		}
diff --git a/lib/File/Compare.t b/lib/File/Compare.t
index c8c730d6fe..b7c9d9f7be 100644
--- a/lib/File/Compare.t
+++ b/lib/File/Compare.t
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ eval {
   {
     local $/; #slurp
     my $fh;
-    open($fh,$README);
+    open($fh,'<',$README);
     binmode($fh);
     my $data = <$fh>;
     print $tfh $data;
diff --git a/lib/File/Copy.t b/lib/File/Copy.t
index 9e49c7d3f0..05590b262f 100644
--- a/lib/File/Copy.t
+++ b/lib/File/Copy.t
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
   }
 
   # First we create a file
-  open(F, ">file-$$") or die $!;
+  open(F, ">", "file-$$") or die $!;
   binmode F; # for DOSISH platforms, because test 3 copies to stdout
   printf F "ok\n";
   close F;
 
   copy "file-$$", "copy-$$";
 
-  open(F, "copy-$$") or die $!;
+  open(F, "<", "copy-$$") or die $!;
   my $foo = <F>;
   close(F);
 
@@ -65,16 +65,16 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
   $TB->current_test($TB->current_test + 1);
   unlink "copy-$$" or die "unlink: $!";
 
-  open(F,"file-$$");
+  open(F, "<", "file-$$");
   copy(*F, "copy-$$");
-  open(R, "copy-$$") or die "open copy-$$: $!"; $foo = <R>; close(R);
+  open(R, "<", "copy-$$") or die "open copy-$$: $!"; $foo = <R>; close(R);
   is $foo, "ok\n", 'copy(*F, fn): same contents';
   unlink "copy-$$" or die "unlink: $!";
 
-  open(F,"file-$$");
+  open(F, "<", "file-$$");
   copy(\*F, "copy-$$");
   close(F) or die "close: $!";
-  open(R, "copy-$$") or die; $foo = <R>; close(R) or die "close: $!";
+  open(R, "<", "copy-$$") or die; $foo = <R>; close(R) or die "close: $!";
   is $foo, "ok\n", 'copy(\*F, fn): same contents';
   unlink "copy-$$" or die "unlink: $!";
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
   binmode $fh or die $!;
   copy("file-$$",$fh);
   $fh->close or die "close: $!";
-  open(R, "copy-$$") or die; $foo = <R>; close(R);
+  open(R, "<", "copy-$$") or die; $foo = <R>; close(R);
   is $foo, "ok\n", 'copy(fn, io): same contents';
   unlink "copy-$$" or die "unlink: $!";
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
   binmode $fh or die $!;
   copy("file-$$",$fh);
   $fh->close;
-  open(R, "copy-$$") or die $!; $foo = <R>; close(R);
+  open(R, "<", "copy-$$") or die $!; $foo = <R>; close(R);
   is $foo, "ok\n", 'copy(fn, fh): same contents';
   unlink "file-$$" or die "unlink: $!";
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
   ok move("copy-$$", "file-$$"), 'move';
   ok -e "file-$$",              '  destination exists';
   ok !-e "copy-$$",              '  source does not';
-  open(R, "file-$$") or die $!; $foo = <R>; close(R);
+  open(R, "<", "file-$$") or die $!; $foo = <R>; close(R);
   is $foo, "ok\n", 'contents preserved';
 
   TODO: {
@@ -126,13 +126,13 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
   # trick: create lib/ if not exists - not needed in Perl core
   unless (-d 'lib') { mkdir 'lib' or die $!; }
   copy "file-$$", "lib";
-  open(R, "lib/file-$$") or die $!; $foo = <R>; close(R);
+  open(R, "<", "lib/file-$$") or die $!; $foo = <R>; close(R);
   is $foo, "ok\n", 'copy(fn, dir): same contents';
   unlink "lib/file-$$" or die "unlink: $!";
 
   # Do it twice to ensure copying over the same file works.
   copy "file-$$", "lib";
-  open(R, "lib/file-$$") or die $!; $foo = <R>; close(R);
+  open(R, "<", "lib/file-$$") or die $!; $foo = <R>; close(R);
   is $foo, "ok\n", 'copy over the same file works';
   unlink "lib/file-$$" or die "unlink: $!";
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
   }
 
   move "file-$$", "lib";
-  open(R, "lib/file-$$") or die "open lib/file-$$: $!"; $foo = <R>; close(R);
+  open(R, "<", "lib/file-$$") or die "open lib/file-$$: $!"; $foo = <R>; close(R);
   is $foo, "ok\n", 'move(fn, dir): same contents';
   ok !-e "file-$$", 'file moved indeed';
   unlink "lib/file-$$" or die "unlink: $!";
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
   SKIP: {
     skip "Testing symlinks", 3 unless $Config{d_symlink};
 
-    open(F, ">file-$$") or die $!;
+    open(F, ">", "file-$$") or die $!;
     print F "dummy content\n";
     close F;
     symlink("file-$$", "symlink-$$") or die $!;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
     skip "Testing hard links", 3 
          if !$Config{d_link} or $^O eq 'MSWin32' or $^O eq 'cygwin';
 
-    open(F, ">file-$$") or die $!;
+    open(F, ">", "file-$$") or die $!;
     print F "dummy content\n";
     close F;
     link("file-$$", "hardlink-$$") or die $!;
@@ -192,13 +192,13 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
     unlink "file-$$" or die $!;
   }
 
-  open(F, ">file-$$") or die $!;
+  open(F, ">", "file-$$") or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F "this is file\n";
   close F;
 
   my $copy_msg = "this is copy\n";
-  open(F, ">copy-$$") or die $!;
+  open(F, ">", "copy-$$") or die $!;
   binmode F;
   print F $copy_msg;
   close F;
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
   }
 
   is -s "copy-$$", length $copy_msg, "but does not truncate the destination";
-  open(F, "copy-$$") or die $!;
+  open(F, "<", "copy-$$") or die $!;
   $foo = <F>;
   close(F);
   is $foo, $copy_msg, "nor change the destination's contents";
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ for my $cross_partition_test (0..1) {
 
   TODO: {
   local $TODO = 'spaces in filenames require DECC$EFS_CHARSET enabled' if $^O eq 'VMS';
-  open(F, ">file-$$") or die $!;
+  open(F, ">", "file-$$") or die $!;
   close F;
   copy "file-$$", " copy-$$";
   ok -e " copy-$$", "copy with leading whitespace";
diff --git a/lib/File/stat.t b/lib/File/stat.t
index 7c9b9cc340..c403fc4498 100644
--- a/lib/File/stat.t
+++ b/lib/File/stat.t
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ for (split //, "tTB") {
 
 SKIP: {
 	local *STAT;
-	skip("Could not open file: $!", 2) unless open(STAT, $file);
+	skip("Could not open file: $!", 2) unless open(STAT, '<', $file);
 	isa_ok(File::stat::stat('STAT'), 'File::stat',
 	       '... should be able to find filehandle');
 
diff --git a/lib/SelectSaver.t b/lib/SelectSaver.t
index 3b58d709ab..757f0cd6ec 100644
--- a/lib/SelectSaver.t
+++ b/lib/SelectSaver.t
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ print "1..3\n";
 
 use SelectSaver;
 
-open(FOO, ">foo-$$") || die;
+open(FOO, ">", "foo-$$") || die;
 
 print "ok 1\n";
 {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ print "ok 1\n";
 }
 
 # Get data written to file
-open(FOO, "foo-$$") || die;
+open(FOO, "<", "foo-$$") || die;
 chomp($foo = <FOO>);
 close FOO;
 unlink "foo-$$";
diff --git a/lib/Symbol.pm b/lib/Symbol.pm
index 1e408b59f7..0e8d67fffd 100644
--- a/lib/Symbol.pm
+++ b/lib/Symbol.pm
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
     use Symbol;
 
     $sym = gensym;
-    open($sym, "filename");
+    open($sym, '<', "filename");
     $_ = <$sym>;
     # etc.
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ require Exporter;
 @EXPORT = qw(gensym ungensym qualify qualify_to_ref);
 @EXPORT_OK = qw(delete_package geniosym);
 
-$VERSION = '1.07';
+$VERSION = '1.08';
 
 my $genpkg = "Symbol::";
 my $genseq = 0;
diff --git a/lib/Tie/Handle/stdhandle.t b/lib/Tie/Handle/stdhandle.t
index 228004fce2..d2f04bcc5c 100644
--- a/lib/Tie/Handle/stdhandle.t
+++ b/lib/Tie/Handle/stdhandle.t
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ $f = 'tst';
 
 unlink("afile") if -f "afile";
 
-ok(open($f,"+>afile"), "open +>afile");
+ok(open($f, "+>", "afile"), "open +>, afile");
 ok(open($f, "+<", "afile"), "open +<, afile");
 ok(binmode($f), "binmode")
     or diag("binmode: $!\n");
diff --git a/lib/Unicode/UCD.pm b/lib/Unicode/UCD.pm
index 75b2b80666..4939677fcc 100644
--- a/lib/Unicode/UCD.pm
+++ b/lib/Unicode/UCD.pm
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use warnings;
 no warnings 'surrogate';    # surrogates can be inputs to this
 use charnames ();
 
-our $VERSION = '0.67';
+our $VERSION = '0.68';
 
 require Exporter;
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ sub openunicode {
 	for my $d (@INC) {
 	    use File::Spec;
 	    $f = File::Spec->catfile($d, "unicore", @path);
-	    last if open($$rfh, $f);
+	    last if open($$rfh, '<', $f);
 	    undef $f;
 	}
 	croak __PACKAGE__, ": failed to find ",
diff --git a/lib/diagnostics.pm b/lib/diagnostics.pm
index 731b1a00a7..860a0aa846 100644
--- a/lib/diagnostics.pm
+++ b/lib/diagnostics.pm
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ use 5.009001;
 use Carp;
 $Carp::Internal{__PACKAGE__.""}++;
 
-our $VERSION = '1.35';
+our $VERSION = '1.36';
 our $DEBUG;
 our $VERBOSE;
 our $PRETTY;
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ CONFIG: {
 	$PRETTY = $opt_p;
     }
 
-    if (open(POD_DIAG, $PODFILE)) {
+    if (open(POD_DIAG, '<', $PODFILE)) {
 	warn "Happy happy podfile from real $PODFILE\n" if $DEBUG;
 	last CONFIG;
     } 
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ CONFIG: {
 	INCPATH: {
 	    for my $file ( (map { "$_/".__PACKAGE__.".pm" } @INC), $0) {
 		warn "Checking $file\n" if $DEBUG;
-		if (open(POD_DIAG, $file)) {
+		if (open(POD_DIAG, '<', $file)) {
 		    while (<POD_DIAG>) {
 			next unless
 			    /^__END__\s*# wish diag dbase were more accessible/;
diff --git a/lib/h2ph.t b/lib/h2ph.t
index bdcc389073..377cc63131 100644
--- a/lib/h2ph.t
+++ b/lib/h2ph.t
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ plan(6);
 sub txt_compare {
     local $/;
     my ($A, $B);
-    for (($A,$B) = @_) { open(_,"<$_") ? $_ = <_> : die "$_ : $!"; close _ }
+    for (($A,$B) = @_) { open(_,"<",$_) ? $_ = <_> : die "$_ : $!"; close _ }
     $A cmp $B;
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/h2xs.t b/lib/h2xs.t
index 25502dadd1..69746a52b3 100644
--- a/lib/h2xs.t
+++ b/lib/h2xs.t
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ for (my $i = $#tests; $i > 0; $i-=3) {
 
 plan tests => $total_tests;
 
-ok (open (HEADER, ">$header"), "open '$header'");
+ok (open (HEADER, '>', $header), "open '$header'");
 print HEADER <<HEADER or die $!;
 #define Camel 2
 #define Dromedary 1
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ while (my ($args, $version, $expectation) = splice @tests, 0, 3) {
 
   foreach my $leaf (File::Spec->catfile('lib', "$name.pm"), 'Makefile.PL') {
     my $file = File::Spec->catfile($name, $leaf);
-    if (ok (open (FILE, $file), "open $file")) {
+    if (ok (open (FILE, '<', $file), "open $file")) {
       my $match = qr/use $version;/;
       my $found;
       while (<FILE>) {
diff --git a/lib/perl5db.pl b/lib/perl5db.pl
index 07ee636c58..4668a1fc05 100644
--- a/lib/perl5db.pl
+++ b/lib/perl5db.pl
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ BEGIN {
 use vars qw($VERSION $header);
 
 # bump to X.XX in blead, only use X.XX_XX in maint
-$VERSION = '1.50';
+$VERSION = '1.51';
 
 $header = "perl5db.pl version $VERSION";
 
@@ -1656,14 +1656,14 @@ and if we can.
             $o = $i unless defined $o;
 
             # read/write on in, or just read, or read on STDIN.
-            open( IN,      "+<$i" )
-              || open( IN, "<$i" )
+                 open( IN, '+<', $i )
+              || open( IN, '<',  $i )
               || open( IN, "<&STDIN" );
 
             # read/write/create/clobber out, or write/create/clobber out,
             # or merge with STDERR, or merge with STDOUT.
-                 open( OUT, "+>$o" )
-              || open( OUT, ">$o" )
+                 open( OUT, '+>', $o )
+              || open( OUT, '>',  $o )
               || open( OUT, ">&STDERR" )
               || open( OUT, ">&STDOUT" );    # so we don't dongle stdout
 
@@ -6828,8 +6828,8 @@ sub setterm {
         if ($tty) {
             my ( $i, $o ) = split $tty, /,/;
             $o = $i unless defined $o;
-            open( IN,  "<$i" ) or die "Cannot open TTY '$i' for read: $!";
-            open( OUT, ">$o" ) or die "Cannot open TTY '$o' for write: $!";
+            open( IN,  '<', $i ) or die "Cannot open TTY '$i' for read: $!";
+            open( OUT, '>', $o ) or die "Cannot open TTY '$o' for write: $!";
             $IN  = \*IN;
             $OUT = \*OUT;
             _autoflush($OUT);
@@ -7752,8 +7752,8 @@ sub TTY {
         }
 
         # Open file onto the debugger's filehandles, if you can.
-        open IN,  $in     or die "cannot open '$in' for read: $!";
-        open OUT, ">$out" or die "cannot open '$out' for write: $!";
+        open IN,  '<', $in or die "cannot open '$in' for read: $!";
+        open OUT, '>', $out or die "cannot open '$out' for write: $!";
 
         # Swap to the new filehandles.
         reset_IN_OUT( \*IN, \*OUT );
diff --git a/lib/utf8.t b/lib/utf8.t
index 06d9a84af9..6b28eae948 100644
--- a/lib/utf8.t
+++ b/lib/utf8.t
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ BANG
             );
     foreach (@tests) {
         my ($why, $prog, $expect) = @$_;
-        open P, ">$progfile" or die "Can't open '$progfile': $!";
+        open P, ">", $progfile or die "Can't open '$progfile': $!";
         binmode(P, ":bytes") if $has_perlio;
 	print P $show, $prog, '; print $b'
             or die "Print to 'progfile' failed: $!";
diff --git a/lib/vmsish.t b/lib/vmsish.t
index f2b451d918..7681f07f60 100644
--- a/lib/vmsish.t
+++ b/lib/vmsish.t
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ is($?,0,"outer lex scope of vmsish [POSIX status]");
   ok(($msg !~ /ABORT/),"vmsish ERR exit, vmsish hushed at runtime, DCL error message check");
 
   local *TEST;
-  open(TEST,'>vmsish_test.pl') || die('not ok ?? : unable to open "vmsish_test.pl" for writing');  
+  open(TEST,'>','vmsish_test.pl') || die('not ok ?? : unable to open "vmsish_test.pl" for writing');  
   print TEST "#! perl\n";
   print TEST "use vmsish qw(hushed);\n";
   print TEST "\$obvious = (\$compile(\$error;\n";
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ is($?,0,"outer lex scope of vmsish [POSIX status]");
   # we create a file rather than using an existing one for the stat() test.
 
   my $file = 'sys$scratch:vmsish_t_flirble.tmp';
-  open TMP, ">$file" or die "Couldn't open file $file";
+  open TMP, '>', $file or die "Couldn't open file $file";
   close TMP;
   END { 1 while unlink $file; }
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ is($?,0,"outer lex scope of vmsish [POSIX status]");
 #       they were turned off in invoking procedure
 sub do_a_perl {
     local *P;
-    open(P,'>vmsish_test.com') || die('not ok ?? : unable to open "vmsish_test.com" for writing');
+    open(P,'>','vmsish_test.com') || die('not ok ?? : unable to open "vmsish_test.com" for writing');
     print P "\$ set message/facil/sever/ident/text\n";
     print P "\$ define/nolog/user sys\$error _nla0:\n";
     print P "\$ $Invoke_Perl @_\n";
diff --git a/make_ext.pl b/make_ext.pl
index 8270092d7d..c129a34039 100644
--- a/make_ext.pl
+++ b/make_ext.pl
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ sub build_extension {
     
     if (-f $makefile) {
 	$makefile_no_minus_f = 0;
-	open my $mfh, $makefile or die "Cannot open $makefile: $!";
+	open my $mfh, '<', $makefile or die "Cannot open $makefile: $!";
 	while (<$mfh>) {
 	    # Plagiarised from CPAN::Distribution
 	    last if /MakeMaker post_initialize section/;
diff --git a/makedef.pl b/makedef.pl
index 68ae706217..8e29f2aed9 100644
--- a/makedef.pl
+++ b/makedef.pl
@@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ if ($ARGS{PLATFORM} =~ /^win(?:32|ce)$/) {
 
 if ($ARGS{PLATFORM} eq 'os2') {
     my (%mapped, @missing);
-    open MAP, 'miniperl.map' or die 'Cannot read miniperl.map';
+    open MAP, '<', 'miniperl.map' or die 'Cannot read miniperl.map';
     /^\s*[\da-f:]+\s+(\w+)/i and $mapped{$1}++ foreach <MAP>;
     close MAP or die 'Cannot close miniperl.map';
 
diff --git a/os2/OS2/OS2-Process/Process.pm b/os2/OS2/OS2-Process/Process.pm
index 08b619f8e3..7c419036f2 100644
--- a/os2/OS2/OS2-Process/Process.pm
+++ b/os2/OS2/OS2-Process/Process.pm
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ BEGIN {
   #require AutoLoader;
 
   our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
-  our $VERSION = "1.11";
+  our $VERSION = "1.12";
   XSLoader::load('OS2::Process', $VERSION);
 }
 
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ sub __term_mirror {
   close IN if defined $out;
   $pid > 0 or die "Cannot start a grandkid";
 
-  open STDIN, '</dev/con' or warn "reopen stdin: $!";
+  open STDIN, '<', '/dev/con' or warn "reopen stdin: $!";
   select OUT;    $| = 1;  binmode OUT;	# need binmode: sysread() may be bin
   $SIG{PIPE} = sub { die "writing to a closed pipe" };
   $SIG{HUP} = $SIG{BREAK} = $SIG{INT} = $SIG{TERM};
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ gets a buffer with characters and attributes of the screen.
 restores the screen given the result of screen().  E.g., if the file
 C<$file> contains the screen contents, then
 
-  open IN, $file or die;
+  open IN, '<', $file or die;
   binmode IN;
   read IN, $in, -s IN;
   $s = screen;
diff --git a/patchlevel.h b/patchlevel.h
index d7c8d4820e..fbf74f9d53 100644
--- a/patchlevel.h
+++ b/patchlevel.h
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@
 
 #!perl
 die "Usage: perl -x patchlevel.h comment ..." unless @ARGV;
-open PLIN, "patchlevel.h" or die "Couldn't open patchlevel.h : $!";
-open PLOUT, ">patchlevel.new" or die "Couldn't write on patchlevel.new : $!";
+open PLIN, "<", "patchlevel.h" or die "Couldn't open patchlevel.h : $!";
+open PLOUT, ">", "patchlevel.new" or die "Couldn't write on patchlevel.new : $!";
 my $seen=0;
 while (<PLIN>) {
     if (/\t,NULL/ and $seen) {
diff --git a/plan9/genconfig.pl b/plan9/genconfig.pl
index 623423d7d4..ebd97db018 100644
--- a/plan9/genconfig.pl
+++ b/plan9/genconfig.pl
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ unshift(@INC,'lib');  # In case someone didn't define Perl_Root
                       # before the build
 
 if ($ARGV[0] eq '-f') {
-  open(ARGS,$ARGV[1]) or die "Can't read data from $ARGV[1]: $!\n";
+  open(ARGS,'<',$ARGV[1]) or die "Can't read data from $ARGV[1]: $!\n";
   @ARGV = ();
   while (<ARGS>) {
     push(@ARGV,split(/\|/,$_));
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ Can't find config.h to read!
 EndOfGasp
 }
 $outdir = '';
-open(IN,"$infile") || die "Can't open $infile: $!\n";
-open(OUT,">${outdir}config.sh") || die "Can't open ${outdir}config.sh: $!\n";
+open(IN,'<',$infile) || die "Can't open $infile: $!\n";
+open(OUT,'>',"${outdir}config.sh") || die "Can't open ${outdir}config.sh: $!\n";
 
 $time = localtime;
 $cf_by = $ENV{'user'};
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ print OUT "myuname='Plan9 $myname $osvers $p9p_objtype'\n";
 
 # Before we read the C header file, find out what config.sh constants are
 # equivalent to the C preprocessor macros
-if (open(SH,"${outdir}config_h.SH")) {
+if (open(SH,'<',"${outdir}config_h.SH")) {
   while (<SH>) {
     next unless m%^#(?!if).*\$%;
     s/^#//; s!(.*?)\s*/\*.*!$1!;
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ foreach (sort keys %val_vars) {
 # print OUT "libs='",join(' ',@libs),"'\n";
 # print OUT "libc='",join(' ',@crtls),"'\n";
 
-if (open(PL,"${outdir}patchlevel.h")) {
+if (open(PL,'<',"${outdir}patchlevel.h")) {
   while (<PL>) {
     if    (/^#define PERL_VERSION\s+(\S+)/) {
       print OUT "PERL_VERSION='$1'\n";
diff --git a/pod/splitman b/pod/splitman
index 9fe404a061..325e1d96ee 100644
--- a/pod/splitman
+++ b/pod/splitman
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ while (<>) {
 	if (name($desc) ne $myname) {
 	    $myname = name($desc);
 	    print $myname, "\n";
-	    open(MAN, "> $myname.3pl");
+	    open(MAN, '>', "$myname.3pl");
 	    print MAN <<EOALL;
 $header
 .TH $myname 3PL "\\*(RP"
diff --git a/pod/splitpod b/pod/splitpod
index 10fd6afb11..1bc91bd183 100644
--- a/pod/splitpod
+++ b/pod/splitpod
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ for $f ( keys %syn ) {
     my $has_back = $body =~ /^=back/;
     $body =~ s/^=over\s*//m if $has_over and !$has_back;
     $body =~ s/^=back\s*//m if $has_back and !$has_over;
-    open (POD, "> $name.pod") || die "can't open $name.pod: $!";
+    open (POD, '>', "$name.pod") || die "can't open $name.pod: $!";
     print POD <<EOF;
 \=head1 NAME
 
diff --git a/regcharclass.h b/regcharclass.h
index c26eb279dc..bb44e8224c 100644
--- a/regcharclass.h
+++ b/regcharclass.h
@@ -1854,7 +1854,7 @@
 #endif /* H_REGCHARCLASS */
 
 /* Generated from:
- * f1951e655fd5fa35478f641663ef164146d743362998b01378327afac5f20270 lib/Unicode/UCD.pm
+ * 59e717586b720a821ee0d7397679d5322e38b49f6fb7840545aedf669c733b70 lib/Unicode/UCD.pm
  * 47cb62a53beea6d0263e2147331c7e751853c9327225d95bbe2d9e1dc3e1aa44 lib/unicore/ArabicShaping.txt
  * 153f0a100c315f9f3945e78f57137611d36c44b3a975919c499fd403413fede8 lib/unicore/BidiBrackets.txt
  * fbe806975c1bf9fc9960bbaa39ff6290c42c7da8315f9cd459109b024cc1c485 lib/unicore/BidiMirroring.txt
@@ -1900,6 +1900,6 @@
  * 066d6e75f95cf6794161c8ac0b1a40990277de90eefb913be2e675a7cba38d59 lib/unicore/mktables
  * cdecb300baad839a6f62791229f551a4fa33f3cbdca08e378dc976466354e778 lib/unicore/version
  * 913d2f93f3cb6cdf1664db888bf840bc4eb074eef824e082fceda24a9445e60c regen/charset_translations.pl
- * cd1fd94a77ea1ce1181f72c8333f9e5bd0cd790d6e8d1f460756a3f9f3f2762d regen/regcharclass.pl
+ * 1d27ae8b75d81a082b1fc594673e08540280f8169309a7b5047015c8091a2bfb regen/regcharclass.pl
  * 393f8d882713a3ba227351ad0f00ea4839fda74fcf77dcd1cdf31519925adba5 regen/regcharclass_multi_char_folds.pl
  * ex: set ro: */
diff --git a/regen/embed.pl b/regen/embed.pl
index 01bcc78d15..ea77ecb106 100755
--- a/regen/embed.pl
+++ b/regen/embed.pl
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ sub readvars {
     my ($file, $pre) = @_;
     local (*FILE, $_);
     my %seen;
-    open(FILE, "< $file")
+    open(FILE, '<', $file)
 	or die "embed.pl: Can't open $file: $!\n";
     while (<FILE>) {
 	s/[ \t]*#.*//;		# Delete comments.
diff --git a/regen/embed_lib.pl b/regen/embed_lib.pl
index ca65f45001..af991cbdf4 100644
--- a/regen/embed_lib.pl
+++ b/regen/embed_lib.pl
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ sub add_level {
 
 sub setup_embed {
     my $prefix = shift || '';
-    open IN, $prefix . 'embed.fnc' or die $!;
+    open IN, '<', $prefix . 'embed.fnc' or die $!;
 
     my @embed;
     my %seen;
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ sub setup_embed {
 
     close IN or die "Problem reading embed.fnc: $!";
 
-    open IN, $prefix . 'regen/opcodes' or die $!;
+    open IN, '<', $prefix . 'regen/opcodes' or die $!;
     {
 	my %syms;
 
diff --git a/regen/feature.pl b/regen/feature.pl
index f8cf4a85f2..7a5671276e 100755
--- a/regen/feature.pl
+++ b/regen/feature.pl
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ my $HintShift;
 my $HintMask;
 my $Uni8Bit;
 
-open "perl.h", "perl.h" or die "$0 cannot open perl.h: $!";
+open "perl.h", "<", "perl.h" or die "$0 cannot open perl.h: $!";
 while (readline "perl.h") {
     next unless /#\s*define\s+(HINT_FEATURE_MASK|HINT_UNI_8_BIT)/;
     my $is_u8b = $1 =~ 8;
diff --git a/regen/mk_invlists.pl b/regen/mk_invlists.pl
index d6ff165122..e4338463c4 100644
--- a/regen/mk_invlists.pl
+++ b/regen/mk_invlists.pl
@@ -2148,7 +2148,7 @@ my @sources = ($0, qw(lib/unicore/mktables
 {
     # Depend on mktables’ own sources.  It’s a shorter list of files than
     # those that Unicode::UCD uses.
-    if (! open my $mktables_list, $sources_list) {
+    if (! open my $mktables_list, '<', $sources_list) {
 
           # This should force a rebuild once $sources_list exists
           push @sources, $sources_list;
diff --git a/regen/opcode.pl b/regen/opcode.pl
index 0bd62ced4b..c1c105fb26 100755
--- a/regen/opcode.pl
+++ b/regen/opcode.pl
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ my $oprivpm = open_new('lib/B/Op_private.pm', '>',
 my %seen;
 my (@ops, %desc, %check, %ckname, %flags, %args, %opnum);
 
-open OPS, 'regen/opcodes' or die $!;
+open OPS, '<', 'regen/opcodes' or die $!;
 
 while (<OPS>) {
     chop;
diff --git a/regen/reentr.pl b/regen/reentr.pl
index 564a68fb5e..802b8db90d 100644
--- a/regen/reentr.pl
+++ b/regen/reentr.pl
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ while (<DATA>) { # Read in the protoypes.
     }
 
     # If given the -U option open up the metaconfig unit for this function.
-    if ($opts{U} && open(U, ">d_${func}_r.U"))  {
+    if ($opts{U} && open(U, ">", "d_${func}_r.U"))  {
     	binmode U;
     }
 
diff --git a/regen/regcharclass.pl b/regen/regcharclass.pl
index 3e2c8b4191..0009994bb0 100755
--- a/regen/regcharclass.pl
+++ b/regen/regcharclass.pl
@@ -1467,7 +1467,7 @@ EOF
         {
             # Depend on mktables’ own sources.  It’s a shorter list of files than
             # those that Unicode::UCD uses.
-            if (! open my $mktables_list, $sources_list) {
+            if (! open my $mktables_list, '<', $sources_list) {
 
                 # This should force a rebuild once $sources_list exists
                 push @sources, $sources_list;
diff --git a/regen/regcomp.pl b/regen/regcomp.pl
index 94aa5729f2..88c0ac9b81 100644
--- a/regen/regcomp.pl
+++ b/regen/regcomp.pl
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ EOD
     my $old_fh= select($guts);
     $~= "GuTS";
 
-    open my $oldguts, "pod/perldebguts.pod"
+    open my $oldguts, '<', 'pod/perldebguts.pod'
         or die "$0 cannot open pod/perldebguts.pod for reading: $!";
     while (<$oldguts>) {
         print;
diff --git a/regen/regen_lib.pl b/regen/regen_lib.pl
index 184d86b40e..571f5195af 100644
--- a/regen/regen_lib.pl
+++ b/regen/regen_lib.pl
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ sub open_new {
 	if (-f $name) {
 	    unlink $name or die "$name exists but can't unlink: $!";
 	}
-	open $fh, ">$name" or die "Can't create $name: $!";
+	open $fh, '>', $name or die "Can't create $name: $!";
     } elsif ($mode eq '>>') {
-	open $fh, ">>$name" or die "Can't append to $name: $!";
+	open $fh, '>>', $name or die "Can't append to $name: $!";
     } else {
         die "Unhandled open mode '$mode'";
     }
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ sub digest {
     require Digest::SHA;
 
     local ($/, *FH);
-    open FH, "$file" or die "Can't open $file: $!";
+    open FH, '<', $file or die "Can't open $file: $!";
     my $raw = <FH>;
     close FH or die "Can't close $file: $!";
     return Digest::SHA::sha256_hex($raw);
diff --git a/symbian/config.pl b/symbian/config.pl
index e82c365d5a..2671df6d8f 100644
--- a/symbian/config.pl
+++ b/symbian/config.pl
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ sub create_mmp {
     my $mmp        = "$target.mmp";
     my $targetpath = $miniperl
       || $perl ? "TARGETPATH\t\\System\\Apps\\Perl" : "";
-    if ( open( my $fh, ">$mmp" ) ) {
+    if ( open( my $fh, '>', $mmp ) ) {
         print "\t$mmp\n";
         push @mmp,     $mmp;
         push @unclean, $mmp;
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ __EOF__
 }
 
 sub create_bld_inf {
-    if ( open( BLD_INF, ">bld.inf" ) ) {
+    if ( open( BLD_INF, '>', 'bld.inf' ) ) {
         print "\tbld.inf\n";
         push @unclean, "bld.inf";
         print BLD_INF <<__EOF__;
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ __EOF__
 my %config;
 
 sub load_config_sh {
-    if ( open( CONFIG_SH, "symbian/config.sh" ) ) {
+    if ( open( CONFIG_SH, '<', 'symbian/config.sh' ) ) {
         while (<CONFIG_SH>) {
             if (/^(\w+)=['"]?(.*?)["']?$/) {
                 my ( $var, $val ) = ( $1, $2 );
@@ -249,10 +249,10 @@ sub load_config_sh {
 
 sub create_config_h {
     load_config_sh();
-    if ( open( CONFIG_H, ">config.h" ) ) {
+    if ( open( CONFIG_H, '>', 'config.h' ) ) {
         print "\tconfig.h\n";
         push @unclean, "config.h";
-        if ( open( CONFIG_H_SH, "config_h.SH" ) ) {
+        if ( open( CONFIG_H_SH, '<', 'config_h.SH' ) ) {
             while (<CONFIG_H_SH>) {
                 last if /\#ifndef _config_h_/;
             }
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ q[xsubpp ext\DynaLoader\dl_symbian.xs >ext\DynaLoader\DynaLoader.cpp]
 
 sub create_symbian_port_h {
     print "\tsymbian\\symbian_port.h\n";
-    if ( open( SYMBIAN_PORT_H, ">symbian/symbian_port.h" ) ) {
+    if ( open( SYMBIAN_PORT_H, '>', 'symbian/symbian_port.h' ) ) {
 	my ($sdkmajor, $sdkminor);
         if ($SDK_VARIANT eq 'S60') {
 	    $S60SDK =~ /^(\d+)\.(\d+)$/;
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ q[perl -ne "print qq[    char *file = __FILE__;\n] if /dXSUB_SYS/;print unless /
 
 sub create_PerlApp_pkg {
     print "\tsymbian\\PerlApp.pkg\n";
-    if ( open( PERLAPP_PKG, ">symbian\\PerlApp.pkg" ) ) {
+    if ( open( PERLAPP_PKG, '>', 'symbian\\PerlApp.pkg' ) ) {
 	my $ProductId =
 	    defined $S60SDK ?
 qq[;Supports Series 60 v0.9\n(0x101F6F88), 0, 0, 0, {"Series60ProductID"}\n] :
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ $mdl
 "$APPS\\PerlApp.rsc"-"!:\\system\\apps\\PerlApp\\PerlApp.rsc"
 $AIF
 __EOF__
-        if ( open( DEMOS, "perl symbian\\demo_pl list |" ) ) {
+        if ( open( DEMOS, '-|', "perl symbian\\demo_pl list" ) ) {
             while (<DEMOS>) {
                 chomp;
 		if (defined $S90SDK) {
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ create_symbian_port_h();
 create_DynaLoader_cpp();
 create_PerlApp_pkg();
 
-if ( open( PERLAPP_MMP, ">symbian/PerlApp.mmp" ) ) {
+if ( open( PERLAPP_MMP, '>', 'symbian/PerlApp.mmp' ) ) {
     my @MACRO;
     my @LIB;
     push @MACRO, 'PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT';
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ else {
     warn "$0: failed to create symbian\\PerlApp.mmp";
 }
 
-if ( open( MAKEFILE, ">Makefile" ) ) {
+if ( open( MAKEFILE, '>', 'Makefile' ) ) {
     my $perl = "perl$VERSION";
     my $windef1 = "$SYMBIAN_ROOT\\Epoc32\\Build$CWD\\$perl\\$WIN\\$perl.def";
     my $windef2 = "..\\BWINS\\${perl}u.def";
@@ -895,7 +895,7 @@ else {
     warn "$0: failed to create Makefile: $!\n";
 }
 
-if ( open( MAKEFILE, ">symbian/Makefile")) {
+if ( open( MAKEFILE, '>', 'symbian/Makefile')) {
     my $wrap = defined $S60SDK && $S60SDK eq '1.2' && $WIN ne '${WIN}cw';
     my $ABLD = $wrap ? 'perl b.pl': 'abld';
     print "\tsymbian/Makefile\n";
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ distclean: clean
 __EOF__
     close(MAKEFILE);
     if ($wrap) {
-	if ( open( B_PL, ">symbian/b.pl")) {
+	if ( open( B_PL, '>', 'symbian/b.pl')) {
 	    print B_PL <<'__EOF__';
 # abld.pl wrapper.
 
diff --git a/symbian/demo_pl b/symbian/demo_pl
index fbba5f4bf9..9759347a97 100644
--- a/symbian/demo_pl
+++ b/symbian/demo_pl
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ while (<DATA>) {
          unlink $1 or warn "$0: $1: $!\n";
       } elsif ($extract) {
         defined $fh && close($fh);
-        open($fh, ">$1") or die "$0: '$1': $!\n";
+        open($fh, ">", $1) or die "$0: '$1': $!\n";
         print "Extracting $1\n";
       } elsif ($list) {
         print "$1\n";
diff --git a/symbian/hexdump.pl b/symbian/hexdump.pl
index 37adff3577..d1741f80b9 100644
--- a/symbian/hexdump.pl
+++ b/symbian/hexdump.pl
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ for my $fn ($EXE, $RSC) {
 	my $newfn = $new{$fn};
 	unlink($newfn);
 	if (($read = sysread($fh, $buffer, $size)) == $size) {
-	    if (open(my $newfh, ">$newfn")) {
+	    if (open(my $newfh, '>', $newfn)) {
 		binmode($newfh);
 		print $newfh unpack("H*", $buffer);
 		close($newfh);
diff --git a/symbian/makesis.pl b/symbian/makesis.pl
index 270f6b4434..58199cec77 100644
--- a/symbian/makesis.pl
+++ b/symbian/makesis.pl
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ for my $target (@target) {
         print "\tErrno.pm\n";
         $copy{"ext\\Errno\\Errno.pm"} = "$lib\\Perl\\$R_V_SV\\Errno.pm";
 
-        open( my $cfg, "symbian/install.cfg" )
+        open( my $cfg, '<', "symbian/install.cfg" )
           or die "$!: symbian/install.cfg: $!\n";
         while (<$cfg>) {
             next unless /^lib\s+(.+)/;
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ for my $target (@target) {
             my $ext = $1;
             $ext =~ s!-!::!g;
             print "\t$ext\n";
-            if ( open( my $pkg, $lst ) ) {
+            if ( open( my $pkg, '<', $lst ) ) {
                 while (<$pkg>) {
                     if (m!^"(.+)"-"(.+)"$!) {
                         my ( $src, $dst ) = ( $1, $2 );
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ qq[;Supports Series 80 v2.0\n(0x101F8ED2), 0, 0, 0, {"Series80ProductID"}\n] :
 qq[;Supports Series 90 v1.1\n(0x101FBE05), 0, 0, 0, {"Series90ProductID"}\n] :
          ";Supports Series NN";
 
-    open PKG, ">$pkg" or die "$0: failed to create $pkg: $!\n";
+    open PKG, '>', $pkg or die "$0: failed to create $pkg: $!\n";
     print PKG <<__EOF__;
 ; \u$target installation script
 ;
diff --git a/symbian/sisify.pl b/symbian/sisify.pl
index fc82ae7698..7b5506c13f 100644
--- a/symbian/sisify.pl
+++ b/symbian/sisify.pl
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ $OWD =~ s!/!\\!g;
 chdir($tempdir) or die "$0: chdir('$tempdir')\n";
 
 if (@SisPl) {
-  if (open(my $fi, "default.pl")) {
+  if (open(my $fi, "<", "default.pl")) {
     my $fn = "default.pl.new";
-    if (open(my $fo, ">$fn")) {
+    if (open(my $fo, ">", $fn)) {
       while (<$fi>) {
 	last unless /^\#/;
 	print $fo $_;
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ unless ($Library) {
 
   my $cmd = "uidcrc $uids |";
 
-  if (open(my $fh, $cmd)) {
+  if (open(my $fh, '<', $cmd)) {
     my $line = <$fh>;
     close($fh);
     # 0x10000079 0x100039ce 0x0acebabe 0xc82b1900
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ unless ($Library) {
   my $UID_OFFSET = 0x0C7C; # This is where the uid is in the $app.
   substr($app, $UID_OFFSET, 4) = substr($app, 8, 4); # Copy the uid also here.
 
-  if (open(my $fh, ">$AppName.app")) {
+  if (open(my $fh, '>', "$AppName.app")) {
     binmode($fh);
     print $fh $app;
     close($fh);
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ unless ($Library) {
 
   push @pkg, qq["$AppName.app"-"!:\\system\\apps\\$AppName\\$AppName.app"];
 
-  if (open(my $fh, ">$AppName.rsc")) {
+  if (open(my $fh, '>', "$AppName.rsc")) {
     binmode($fh);
     print $fh hex2data($RSCHEX);
     close($fh);
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ if ($ShowPkg) {
   }
 } else {
   my $fn = "$AppName.pkg";
-  if (open(my $fh, ">$fn")) {
+  if (open(my $fh, '>', $fn)) {
     for my $l (@pkg) {
       print $fh "$l\r\n"; # Note CRLF!
     }
diff --git a/symbian/version.pl b/symbian/version.pl
index c8bb82ebf7..f4208f873f 100644
--- a/symbian/version.pl
+++ b/symbian/version.pl
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use strict;
 
 my %VERSION;
 
-if (open(PATCHLEVEL_H, "patchlevel.h")) {
+if (open(PATCHLEVEL_H, "<", "patchlevel.h")) {
   while (<PATCHLEVEL_H>) {
      if (/#define\s+PERL_(REVISION|VERSION|SUBVERSION)\s+(\d+)/) {
          $VERSION{$1} = $2;
diff --git a/symbian/xsbuild.pl b/symbian/xsbuild.pl
index 939b569101..5ccd7c379e 100644
--- a/symbian/xsbuild.pl
+++ b/symbian/xsbuild.pl
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ my %EXTCFG;
 sub write_bld_inf {
     my ($base) = @_;
     print "\tbld.inf\n";
-    open( BLD_INF, ">bld.inf" ) or die "$0: bld.inf: $!\n";
+    open( BLD_INF, '>', 'bld.inf' ) or die "$0: bld.inf: $!\n";
     print BLD_INF <<__EOF__;
 PRJ_MMPFILES
 $base.mmp
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ sub uniquefy_filenames {
 
 sub read_mmp {
     my ( $conf, $mmp ) = @_;
-    if ( -r $mmp && open( MMP, "<$mmp" ) ) {
+    if ( -r $mmp && open( MMP, '<', $mmp ) ) {
         print "\tReading $mmp...\n";
         while (<MMP>) {
             chomp;
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ sub write_mmp {
     for my $u (qw(SOURCE SOURCEPATH SYSTEMINCLUDE USERINCLUDE LIBRARY MACRO)) {
         $CONF{$u} = uniquefy_filenames( $CONF{$u} );
     }
-    open( BASE_MMP, ">$base.mmp" ) or die "$0: $base.mmp: $!\n";
+    open( BASE_MMP, '>', "$base.mmp" ) or die "$0: $base.mmp: $!\n";
 
     print BASE_MMP <<__EOF__;
 TARGET		$CONF{TARGET}
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ sub write_makefile {
     my $wrap = $SYMBIAN_ROOT && defined $SDK_VARIANT eq 'S60' && $SDK_VERSION eq '1.2' && $SYMBIAN_ROOT !~ /_CW$/;
     my $ABLD = $wrap ? 'perl b.pl' : 'abld';
 
-    open( MAKEFILE, ">Makefile" ) or die "$0: Makefile: $!\n";
+    open( MAKEFILE, '>', 'Makefile' ) or die "$0: Makefile: $!\n";
     print MAKEFILE <<__EOF__;
 WIN = $WIN
 ARM = $ARM
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ distclean:	defrost realclean
 __EOF__
     close(MAKEFILE);
     if ($wrap) {
-	if(open(B,">b.pl")) {
+	if(open(B, '>', 'b.pl')) {
 	    print B <<'__EOF__';
 # abld.pl wrapper.
 
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ sub patch_config {
     return unless $CoreBuild;
     my $V = sprintf "%vd", $^V;
     # create reverse patch script
-    if (open(RSCRIPT, ">$config_restore_script")) {
+    if (open(RSCRIPT, '>', $config_restore_script)) {
         print RSCRIPT <<__EOF__;
 #!perl -pi.bak
 s:\\Q$V:$R_V_SV:
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ sub xsconfig {
         my @MM = qw(VERSION XS_VERSION);
         if ( -f "Makefile" ) {
             print "\tReading MakeMaker Makefile...\n";
-            if ( open( MAKEFILE, "Makefile" ) ) {
+            if ( open( MAKEFILE, '<', 'Makefile' ) ) {
                 while (<MAKEFILE>) {
                     for my $m (@MM) {
                         if (m!^$m = (.+)!) {
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ sub xsconfig {
         }
         (&restore_config and die "$0: VERSION or XS_VERSION undefined\n")
           unless defined $MM{VERSION} && defined $MM{XS_VERSION};
-        if ( open( BASE_C, ">$basec" ) ) {
+        if ( open( BASE_C, '>', $basec ) ) {
             print BASE_C <<__EOF__;
 #ifndef VERSION
 #define VERSION "$MM{VERSION}"
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ __EOF__
         }
 
         print "\t_init.c\n";
-        open( _INIT_C, ">_init.c" )
+        open( _INIT_C, '>', '_init.c' )
             or &restore_config and die "$!: _init.c: $!\n";
         print _INIT_C <<__EOF__;
     #include "EXTERN.h"
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ __EOF__
             for my $submf ( glob("*/Makefile") ) {
                 my $d = dirname($submf);
                 print "Configuring Encode::$d...\n";
-                if ( open( SUBMF, $submf ) ) {
+                if ( open( SUBMF, '<', $submf ) ) {
                     if ( update_dir($d) ) {
                         my @subsrc;
                         while (<SUBMF>) {
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ __EOF__
     print "\t$lstname.lst\n";
     my $lstout =
       $CoreBuild ? "$BUILDROOT/symbian/$lstname.lst" : "$BUILDROOT/$lstname.lst";
-    if ( open( my $lst, ">$lstout" ) ) {
+    if ( open( my $lst, '>', $lstout ) ) {
         for my $f (@lst) { print $lst qq["$f"-"!:$lst{$f}"\n] }
         close($lst);
     }
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ for my $ext (@ARGV) {
       if $CoreBuild && $Build && !-f "lib\\Config.pm";
 
     if ($CoreBuild) {
-        open( my $cfg, "symbian/install.cfg" )
+        open( my $cfg, '<', 'symbian/install.cfg' )
           or die "$0: symbian/install.cfg: $!\n";
         my $extdir = $dir;
         $extdir =~ s:^ext\\::;
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ for my $ext (@ARGV) {
         system_echo("make @TARGET") == 0 or die "$0: make #2 failed\n";
         unlink("$base.mmp.bak");
 
-        open( _INIT_C, ">_init.c" ) or die "$0: _init.c: $!\n";
+        open( _INIT_C, '>', '_init.c' ) or die "$0: _init.c: $!\n";
         print _INIT_C <<'__EOF__';
 #include "EXTERN.h"
 #include "perl.h"
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ __EOF__
         for my $f ("$SYMBIAN_ROOT\\Epoc32\\Build$CWD\\$base\\WINS\\perl$VERSION-$extdash.def",
 		   "..\\BMARM\\perl$VERSION-${extdash}u.def") {
 	    print "\t($f - ";
-	    if ( open( $def, $f ) ) {
+	    if ( open( $def, '<', $f ) ) {
 		print "OK)\n";
 	        $basef = $f;
 		last;
diff --git a/t/loc_tools.pl b/t/loc_tools.pl
index 50b36d5056..0e4453b314 100644
--- a/t/loc_tools.pl
+++ b/t/loc_tools.pl
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ sub find_locales ($;$) {
     delete local @ENV{qw(IFS CDPATH ENV BASH_ENV)};
 
     if (-x "/usr/bin/locale"
-        && open(LOCALES, "/usr/bin/locale -a 2>/dev/null|"))
+        && open(LOCALES, '-|', "/usr/bin/locale -a 2>/dev/null"))
     {
         while (<LOCALES>) {
             # It seems that /usr/bin/locale steadfastly outputs 8 bit data, which
diff --git a/t/test.pl b/t/test.pl
index 98e7632e92..32d0d64d09 100644
--- a/t/test.pl
+++ b/t/test.pl
@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ sub fresh_perl {
     $runperl_args->{progfile} ||= $tmpfile;
     $runperl_args->{stderr}     = 1 unless exists $runperl_args->{stderr};
 
-    open TEST, ">$tmpfile" or die "Cannot open $tmpfile: $!";
+    open TEST, '>', $tmpfile or die "Cannot open $tmpfile: $!";
     print TEST $prog;
     close TEST or die "Cannot close $tmpfile: $!";
 
diff --git a/utils/c2ph.PL b/utils/c2ph.PL
index c5b5a3f95b..7adc819931 100644
--- a/utils/c2ph.PL
+++ b/utils/c2ph.PL
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ sub fetch_template {
 sub compute_intrinsics {
     &safedir;
     local($TMP) = "$SAFEDIR/c2ph-i.$$.c";
-    open (TMP, ">$TMP") || die "can't open $TMP: $!";
+    open (TMP, ">", $TMP) || die "can't open $TMP: $!";
     select(TMP);
 
     print STDERR "computing intrinsic sizes: " if $trace;
diff --git a/utils/corelist.PL b/utils/corelist.PL
index 9bad7757b9..d1376bef4e 100644
--- a/utils/corelist.PL
+++ b/utils/corelist.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $script = File::Spec->catfile(
                 File::Spec->updir, qw[dist Module-CoreList]
             ), "corelist");
 
-if (open(IN, $script)) {
+if (open(IN, '<', $script)) {
     print OUT <IN>;
     close IN;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/cpan.PL b/utils/cpan.PL
index c7c26685db..f40c1c44df 100644
--- a/utils/cpan.PL
+++ b/utils/cpan.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use File::Spec;
 
 my $cpan = File::Spec->catfile(File::Spec->catdir(File::Spec->updir, qw(cpan CPAN scripts)), "cpan");
 
-if (open(CPAN, $cpan)) {
+if (open(CPAN, '<', $cpan)) {
     print OUT <CPAN>;
     close CPAN;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/enc2xs.PL b/utils/enc2xs.PL
index f50cdd7f6f..863ff8e9e7 100644
--- a/utils/enc2xs.PL
+++ b/utils/enc2xs.PL
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ use File::Spec;
 
 my $enc2xs = File::Spec->catfile(File::Spec->catdir(File::Spec->updir, "cpan", "Encode", "bin"), "enc2xs");
 
-if (open(ENC2XS, $enc2xs)) {
+if (open(ENC2XS, '<', $enc2xs)) {
     print OUT <ENC2XS>;
     close ENC2XS;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/encguess.PL b/utils/encguess.PL
index 81322f9c21..caa908f4b0 100644
--- a/utils/encguess.PL
+++ b/utils/encguess.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use File::Spec;
 
 my $enc2xs = File::Spec->catfile(File::Spec->catdir(File::Spec->updir, "cpan", "Encode", "bin"), "encguess");
 
-if (open(ENC2XS, $enc2xs)) {
+if (open(ENC2XS, '<', $enc2xs)) {
     print OUT <ENC2XS>;
     close ENC2XS;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/h2ph.PL b/utils/h2ph.PL
index 2523c0a654..db787499eb 100644
--- a/utils/h2ph.PL
+++ b/utils/h2ph.PL
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ while (defined (my $file = next_file())) {
 	    }
 	}
 
-	open(IN,"$file") || (($Exit = 1),(warn "Can't open $file: $!\n"),next);
-	open(OUT,">$Dest_dir/$outfile") || die "Can't create $outfile: $!\n";
+	open(IN, "<", "$file") || (($Exit = 1),(warn "Can't open $file: $!\n"),next);
+	open(OUT, ">", "$Dest_dir/$outfile") || die "Can't create $outfile: $!\n";
     }
 
     print OUT
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ sub queue_includes_from
 
     return if ($file eq "-");
 
-    open HEADER, $file or return;
+    open HEADER, "<", $file or return;
         while (defined($line = <HEADER>)) {
             while (/\\$/) { # Handle continuation lines
                 chop $line;
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ sub build_preamble_if_necessary
     # Can we skip building the preamble file?
     if (-r $preamble) {
         # Extract version number from first line of preamble:
-        open  PREAMBLE, $preamble or die "Cannot open $preamble:  $!";
+        open  PREAMBLE, "<", $preamble or die "Cannot open $preamble:  $!";
             my $line = <PREAMBLE>;
             $line =~ /(\b\d+\b)/;
         close PREAMBLE            or die "Cannot close $preamble:  $!";
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ sub build_preamble_if_necessary
 
     my (%define) = _extract_cc_defines();
 
-    open  PREAMBLE, ">$preamble" or die "Cannot open $preamble:  $!";
+    open  PREAMBLE, ">", $preamble or die "Cannot open $preamble:  $!";
 	print PREAMBLE "# This file was created by h2ph version $VERSION\n";
         # Prevent non-portable hex constants from warning.
         #
diff --git a/utils/h2xs.PL b/utils/h2xs.PL
index f9063cbc4e..92dce0d346 100644
--- a/utils/h2xs.PL
+++ b/utils/h2xs.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ if( @path_h ){
       # Scan the header file (we should deal with nested header files)
       # Record the names of simple #define constants into const_names
             # Function prototypes are processed below.
-      open(CH, "<$rel_path_h") || die "Can't open $rel_path_h: $!\n";
+      open(CH, "<", "$rel_path_h") || die "Can't open $rel_path_h: $!\n";
     defines:
       while (<CH>) {
 	if ($pre_sub_tri_graphs) {
@@ -975,7 +975,7 @@ if( ! $opt_X ){  # use XS, unless it was disabled
     Devel::PPPort::WriteFile('ppport.h')
         || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/ppport.h: $!\n";
   }
-  open(XS, ">$modfname.xs") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs: $!\n";
+  open(XS, ">", "$modfname.xs") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modfname.xs: $!\n";
   if ($opt_x) {
     warn "Scanning typemaps...\n";
     get_typemap();
@@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ for (sort(keys(%const_names))) {
 }
 
 -d $modpmdir || mkpath([$modpmdir], 0, 0775);
-open(PM, ">$modpmname") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modpmname: $!\n";
+open(PM, ">", "$modpmname") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$modpmname: $!\n";
 
 $" = "\n\t";
 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$modpmname\n";
@@ -1779,7 +1779,7 @@ sub get_typemap {
     warn " Scanning $typemap\n";
     warn("Warning: ignoring non-text typemap file '$typemap'\n"), next
       unless -T $typemap ;
-    open(TYPEMAP, $typemap)
+    open(TYPEMAP, "<", $typemap)
       or warn ("Warning: could not open typemap file '$typemap': $!\n"), next;
     my $mode = 'Typemap';
     while (<TYPEMAP>) {
@@ -1872,7 +1872,7 @@ close XS;
 if (%types_seen) {
   my $type;
   warn "Writing $ext$modpname/typemap\n";
-  open TM, ">typemap" or die "Cannot open typemap file for write: $!";
+  open TM, ">", "typemap" or die "Cannot open typemap file for write: $!";
 
   for $type (sort keys %types_seen) {
     my $entry = assign_typemap_entry $type;
@@ -1906,7 +1906,7 @@ EOP
 } # if( ! $opt_X )
 
 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL\n";
-open(PL, ">Makefile.PL") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n";
+open(PL, ">", "Makefile.PL") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n";
 
 my $prereq_pm = '';
 
@@ -2032,7 +2032,7 @@ close(PL) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/Makefile.PL: $!\n";
 # Create a simple README since this is a CPAN requirement
 # and it doesn't hurt to have one
 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/README\n";
-open(RM, ">README") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/README:$!\n";
+open(RM, ">", "README") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/README:$!\n";
 my $thisyear = (gmtime)[5] + 1900;
 my $rmhead = "$modpname version $TEMPLATE_VERSION";
 my $rmheadeq = "=" x length($rmhead);
@@ -2099,7 +2099,7 @@ unless (-d "$testdir") {
 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/$testfile\n";
 my $tests = @const_names ? 2 : 1;
 
-open EX, ">$testfile" or die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$testfile: $!\n";
+open EX, ">", "$testfile" or die "Can't create $ext$modpname/$testfile: $!\n";
 
 print EX <<_END_;
 # Before 'make install' is performed this script should be runnable with
@@ -2205,7 +2205,7 @@ close(EX) || die "Can't close $ext$modpname/$testfile: $!\n";
 unless ($opt_C) {
   warn "Writing $ext$modpname/Changes\n";
   $" = ' ';
-  open(EX, ">Changes") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Changes: $!\n";
+  open(EX, ">", "Changes") || die "Can't create $ext$modpname/Changes: $!\n";
   @ARGS = map {/[\s\"\'\`\$*?^|&<>\[\]\{\}\(\)]/ ? "'$_'" : $_} @ARGS;
   print EX <<EOP;
 Revision history for Perl extension $module.
@@ -2219,7 +2219,7 @@ EOP
 }
 
 warn "Writing $ext$modpname/MANIFEST\n";
-open(MANI,'>MANIFEST') or die "Can't create MANIFEST: $!";
+open(MANI, '>', 'MANIFEST') or die "Can't create MANIFEST: $!";
 my @files = grep { -f } (<*>, <t/*>, <$fallbackdirname/*>, <$modpmdir/*>);
 if (!@files) {
   eval {opendir(D,'.');};
diff --git a/utils/instmodsh.PL b/utils/instmodsh.PL
index 08a47b7de8..a1e7b55b70 100644
--- a/utils/instmodsh.PL
+++ b/utils/instmodsh.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $instmodsh
 					     qw(cpan ExtUtils-MakeMaker bin)),
 			  'instmodsh');
 
-if (open(INSTMODSH, $instmodsh)) {
+if (open(INSTMODSH, '<', $instmodsh)) {
     print OUT <INSTMODSH>;
     close INSTMODSH;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/json_pp.PL b/utils/json_pp.PL
index 72c2e90785..efd8e23b0c 100644
--- a/utils/json_pp.PL
+++ b/utils/json_pp.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $script = File::Spec->catfile(
                 File::Spec->updir, qw[cpan JSON-PP bin]
             ), "json_pp");
 
-if (open(IN, $script)) {
+if (open(IN, '<', $script)) {
     print OUT <IN>;
     close IN;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/libnetcfg.PL b/utils/libnetcfg.PL
index 26d2f995a9..f66e9b0acb 100644
--- a/utils/libnetcfg.PL
+++ b/utils/libnetcfg.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
diff --git a/utils/perlbug.PL b/utils/perlbug.PL
index b0b2c12905..2a440cdec3 100644
--- a/utils/perlbug.PL
+++ b/utils/perlbug.PL
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT, ">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 # get patchlevel.h timestamp
 
diff --git a/utils/perldoc.PL b/utils/perldoc.PL
index cd60bd4354..afaa5a9a3f 100644
--- a/utils/perldoc.PL
+++ b/utils/perldoc.PL
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ warn "How odd, I'm going to generate $file_shortname?!"
 
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting \"$file\" (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
diff --git a/utils/perlivp.PL b/utils/perlivp.PL
index 81f8ae428e..50d187a544 100644
--- a/utils/perlivp.PL
+++ b/utils/perlivp.PL
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
 # Create output file.
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
diff --git a/utils/piconv.PL b/utils/piconv.PL
index ca8a8cfb7e..4e012d3dc3 100644
--- a/utils/piconv.PL
+++ b/utils/piconv.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use File::Spec;
 
 my $piconv = File::Spec->catfile(File::Spec->catdir(File::Spec->updir, "cpan", "Encode", "bin"), "piconv");
 
-if (open(PICONV, $piconv)) {
+if (open(PICONV, '<', $piconv)) {
     print OUT <PICONV>;
     close PICONV;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/pl2pm.PL b/utils/pl2pm.PL
index b7e1cea30d..19aef581ab 100644
--- a/utils/pl2pm.PL
+++ b/utils/pl2pm.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ while (<>) {
 	$export_ok = "\@EXPORT_OK = qw(@export_ok);\n";
     }
 
-    if ( open(PM, ">$newname") ) {
+    if ( open(PM, ">", $newname) ) {
         print PM <<"END";
 package $newpack;
 use 5.006;
diff --git a/utils/pod2html.PL b/utils/pod2html.PL
index 696624f163..eafd8f6665 100644
--- a/utils/pod2html.PL
+++ b/utils/pod2html.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
diff --git a/utils/prove.PL b/utils/prove.PL
index 17c4a7607e..61b8efc8a5 100644
--- a/utils/prove.PL
+++ b/utils/prove.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ use File::Spec;
 my $prove = File::Spec->catfile(File::Spec->catdir(File::Spec->updir,
 	"cpan", "Test-Harness", "bin"), "prove");
 
-if (open(PROVE, $prove)) {
+if (open(PROVE, '<', $prove)) {
     print OUT <PROVE>;
     close PROVE;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/ptar.PL b/utils/ptar.PL
index 66242e3cc4..5dbf61b312 100644
--- a/utils/ptar.PL
+++ b/utils/ptar.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $script = File::Spec->catfile(
                 File::Spec->updir, qw[cpan Archive-Tar bin]
             ), "ptar");
 
-if (open(IN, $script)) {
+if (open(IN, '<', $script)) {
     print OUT <IN>;
     close IN;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/ptardiff.PL b/utils/ptardiff.PL
index e68f11ff08..8daefe258a 100644
--- a/utils/ptardiff.PL
+++ b/utils/ptardiff.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $script = File::Spec->catfile(
                 File::Spec->updir, qw[cpan Archive-Tar bin]
             ), "ptardiff");
 
-if (open(IN, $script)) {
+if (open(IN, '<', $script)) {
     print OUT <IN>;
     close IN;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/ptargrep.PL b/utils/ptargrep.PL
index 99d66a6718..b8b0830dea 100644
--- a/utils/ptargrep.PL
+++ b/utils/ptargrep.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $script = File::Spec->catfile(
                 File::Spec->updir, qw[cpan Archive-Tar bin]
             ), "ptargrep");
 
-if (open(IN, $script)) {
+if (open(IN, '<', $script)) {
     print OUT <IN>;
     close IN;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/shasum.PL b/utils/shasum.PL
index 852e6d21b7..afdbb48fe2 100644
--- a/utils/shasum.PL
+++ b/utils/shasum.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $script = File::Spec->catfile(
                 File::Spec->updir, qw[cpan Digest-SHA]
             ), "shasum");
 
-if (open(IN, $script)) {
+if (open(IN, '<', $script)) {
     print OUT <IN>;
     close IN;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/splain.PL b/utils/splain.PL
index bbcdad6f1e..ccf325de93 100644
--- a/utils/splain.PL
+++ b/utils/splain.PL
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
 # Open input file before creating output file.
-$IN = File::Spec->catfile(File::Spec->updir, 'lib', 'diagnostics.pm');
-open IN or die "Can't open $IN: $!\n";
+$in = File::Spec->catfile(File::Spec->updir, 'lib', 'diagnostics.pm');
+open IN, '<', $in or die "Can't open $in: $!\n";
 
 # Create output file.
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, '>', $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
diff --git a/utils/xsubpp.PL b/utils/xsubpp.PL
index 0331d4a136..450275ba10 100644
--- a/utils/xsubpp.PL
+++ b/utils/xsubpp.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $xsubpp = File::Spec->catfile(File::Spec->catdir(File::Spec->updir,
 						       lib ExtUtils)),
 				 'xsubpp');
 
-if (open(XSUBPP, $xsubpp)) {
+if (open(XSUBPP, '<', $xsubpp)) {
     print OUT <XSUBPP>;
     close XSUBPP;
 } else {
diff --git a/utils/zipdetails.PL b/utils/zipdetails.PL
index a905c4befb..0fbdf83877 100644
--- a/utils/zipdetails.PL
+++ b/utils/zipdetails.PL
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ chdir dirname($0);
 my $file = basename($0, '.PL');
 $file .= '.com' if $^O eq 'VMS';
 
-open OUT,">$file" or die "Can't create $file: $!";
+open OUT, ">", $file or die "Can't create $file: $!";
 
 print "Extracting $file (with variable substitutions)\n";
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $script = File::Spec->catfile(
                 File::Spec->updir, qw[ cpan IO-Compress bin ]
             ), "zipdetails");
 
-if (open(IN, $script)) {
+if (open(IN, '<', $script)) {
     print OUT <IN>;
     close IN;
 } else {
diff --git a/vms/gen_shrfls.pl b/vms/gen_shrfls.pl
index 570a946d40..6ed7eca9d9 100644
--- a/vms/gen_shrfls.pl
+++ b/vms/gen_shrfls.pl
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ my $debug = $ENV{'GEN_SHRFLS_DEBUG'};
 print "gen_shrfls.pl Rev. 8-Jul-2011\n" if $debug;
 
 if ($ARGV[0] eq '-f') {
-  open(INP,$ARGV[1]) or die "Can't read input file $ARGV[1]: $!\n";
+  open(INP,'<',$ARGV[1]) or die "Can't read input file $ARGV[1]: $!\n";
   print "Input taken from file $ARGV[1]\n" if $debug;
   @ARGV = ();
   while (<INP>) {
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ elsif (@symfiles) { $incstr .= ',' . join(',',@symfiles); }
 # Linker wants /Include and /Library on different lines
 print OPTBLD "$libperl/Include=($incstr)\n";
 print OPTBLD "$libperl/Library\n";
-open(RTLOPT,$rtlopt) or die "$0: Can't read options file $rtlopt: $!\n";
+open(RTLOPT,'<',$rtlopt) or die "$0: Can't read options file $rtlopt: $!\n";
 while (<RTLOPT>) { print OPTBLD; }
 close RTLOPT;
 close OPTBLD;
diff --git a/vms/mms2make.pl b/vms/mms2make.pl
index 1706c51283..7a83052acf 100644
--- a/vms/mms2make.pl
+++ b/vms/mms2make.pl
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ $macros{"DECC"} = 1 if $macros{"__AXP__"};
 # [lazy - saves having to check for empty array - just test [0]==1]
 @conditions = (1);
 
-open(INFIL,$infile) || die "Can't open $infile: $!\n"; 
-open(OUTFIL,">$outfile") || die "Can't open $outfile: $!\n"; 
+open(INFIL,'<',$infile) || die "Can't open $infile: $!\n"; 
+open(OUTFIL,'>',$outfile) || die "Can't open $outfile: $!\n"; 
 
 print OUTFIL "#> This file produced from $infile by $0\n";
 print OUTFIL "#> Lines beginning with \"#>\" were commented out during the\n";
diff --git a/win32/bin/exetype.pl b/win32/bin/exetype.pl
index 27e3b94bc8..203f554d36 100644
--- a/win32/bin/exetype.pl
+++ b/win32/bin/exetype.pl
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ unless (@ARGV == 1 || defined $subsys{$ARGV[1]}) {
 }
 
 my ($record,$magic,$signature,$offset,$size);
-open EXE, "+< $ARGV[0]" or die "Cannot open $ARGV[0]: $!\n";
+open EXE, '+<', $ARGV[0] or die "Cannot open $ARGV[0]: $!\n";
 binmode EXE;
 
 # read IMAGE_DOS_HEADER structure
diff --git a/win32/bin/pl2bat.pl b/win32/bin/pl2bat.pl
index b30b16b03d..443f5909e0 100644
--- a/win32/bin/pl2bat.pl
+++ b/win32/bin/pl2bat.pl
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ sub process {
     my $line;
     my $start= $Config{startperl};
     $start= "#!perl"   unless  $start =~ /^#!.*perl/;
-    open( FILE, $file ) or die "$0: Can't open $file: $!";
+    open( FILE, '<', $file ) or die "$0: Can't open $file: $!";
     @file = <FILE>;
     foreach $line ( @file ) {
 	$linenum++;
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ sub process {
     close( FILE );
     $file =~ s/$OPT{'s'}$//oi;
     $file .= '.bat' unless $file =~ /\.bat$/i or $file =~ /^-$/;
-    open( FILE, ">$file" ) or die "Can't open $file: $!";
+    open( FILE, '>', $file ) or die "Can't open $file: $!";
     print FILE $myhead;
     print FILE $start, ( $OPT{'w'} ? " -w" : "" ),
 	       "\n#line ", ($headlines+1), "\n" unless $linedone;
diff --git a/win32/bin/search.pl b/win32/bin/search.pl
index 8f4d7391f3..cd6e6adf5e 100644
--- a/win32/bin/search.pl
+++ b/win32/bin/search.pl
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ sub read_rc
 
     { package magic; $^W= 0; } ## turn off warnings for when we run EXPR's
 
-    unless (open(RC, "$file")) {
+    unless (open(RC, '<', $file)) {
 	$use_default=1;
 	$file = "<internal default startup file>";
 	## no RC file -- use this default.
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ sub dodir
     }
 
     if ($DO_MAGIC_TESTS) {
-	if (!open(FILE_IN, $file)) {
+	if (!open(FILE_IN, '<', $file)) {
 	    &clear_message if $VERBOSE && $STDERR_SCREWS_STDOUT;
 	    warn qq/$0: can't open: $file\n/;
 	    next;
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ sub dodir
 	next;
     } else {
 	## if we weren't doing magic tests, file won't be open yet...
-	if (!$DO_MAGIC_TESTS && !open(FILE_IN, $file)) {
+	if (!$DO_MAGIC_TESTS && !open(FILE_IN, '<', $file)) {
 	    &clear_message if $VERBOSE && $STDERR_SCREWS_STDOUT;
 	    warn qq/$0: can't open: $file\n/;
 	    next;
diff --git a/win32/ce-helpers/makedist.pl b/win32/ce-helpers/makedist.pl
index 7cfdc366d9..2ad0f70c9f 100644
--- a/win32/ce-helpers/makedist.pl
+++ b/win32/ce-helpers/makedist.pl
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ for (@efiles) {
 my ($dynaloader_pm);
 if ($opts{adaptation}) {
   # let's copy our Dynaloader.pm (make this optional?)
-  open my $fhdyna, ">$opts{distdir}/lib/Dynaloader.pm";
+  open my $fhdyna, '>', "$opts{distdir}/lib/Dynaloader.pm";
   print $fhdyna $dynaloader_pm;
   close $fhdyna;
 }
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ for (@afiles) {
 
 sub copy($$) {
   my ($fnfrom, $fnto) = @_;
-  open my $fh, "<$fnfrom" or die "can not open $fnfrom: $!";
+  open my $fh, '<', $fnfrom or die "can not open $fnfrom: $!";
   binmode $fh;
   local $/;
   my $ffrom = <$fh>;
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ sub copy($$) {
     }
   }
   mkpath $1 if $fnto=~/^(.*)\/([^\/]+)$/;
-  open my $fhout, ">$fnto";
+  open my $fhout, '>', $fnto;
   binmode $fhout;
   print $fhout $ffrom;
   if ($opts{'verbose'} >=2) {
diff --git a/win32/config_h.PL b/win32/config_h.PL
index 89c7a20dcb..e755007f73 100644
--- a/win32/config_h.PL
+++ b/win32/config_h.PL
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ $opt{CORE_DIR} ||= '../lib/CORE';
 
 warn "Writing $opt{CONFIG_H}\n";
 
-open(SH,"<$name") || die "Cannot open $name:$!";
+open(SH, "<", $name) || die "Cannot open $name:$!";
 while (<SH>)
  {
   last if /^\s*sed/;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ eval $str;
 
 die "$str:$@" if $@;
 
-open(H,">$file.new") || die "Cannot open $file.new:$!";
+open(H, ">", "$file.new") || die "Cannot open $file.new:$!";
 binmode(H);
 while (<SH>)
  {
diff --git a/win32/config_sh.PL b/win32/config_sh.PL
index 74e5f0dd4b..c4a311266d 100644
--- a/win32/config_sh.PL
+++ b/win32/config_sh.PL
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ sub loadopts {
 	shift @ARGV;
 	my $optfile = shift @ARGV;
 	local (*OPTF);
-	open OPTF, $optfile or die "Can't open $optfile: $!\n";
+	open OPTF, '<', $optfile or die "Can't open $optfile: $!\n";
 	my @opts;
 	chomp(my $line = <OPTF>);
 	my @vars = split(/\t+~\t+/, $line);
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ $opt{known_extensions} = join(' ',FindExt::known_extensions()) || ' ';
 my $pl_h = '../patchlevel.h';
 
 if (-e $pl_h) {
-    open PL, "<$pl_h" or die "Can't open $pl_h: $!";
+    open PL, "<", $pl_h or die "Can't open $pl_h: $!";
     while (<PL>) {
 	if (/^#\s*define\s+(PERL_\w+)\s+([\d.]+)/) {
 	    $opt{$1} = $2;
author	John Lightsey <lightsey@debian.org>	2016-12-23 12:35:45 -0500
committer	James E Keenan <jkeenan@cpan.org>	2016-12-23 13:52:28 -0500
commit	1ae6ead94905dfee43773cf3b18949c91b33f9d1 (patch)
tree	6a54545d46d1ae3f61696e23111a21c736b3b2b5
parent	7527883f8c7b71d808abdbd3cff07f61280a42b5 (diff)
download	perl-1ae6ead94905dfee43773cf3b18949c91b33f9d1.tar.gz