path: root/glance_store/backend.py

# Copyright 2010-2011 OpenStack Foundation
# Copyright 2018 Verizon Wireless
# All Rights Reserved.
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.

import hashlib
import logging

from oslo_config import cfg
from oslo_utils import encodeutils
from stevedore import driver
from stevedore import extension

from glance_store import capabilities
from glance_store import exceptions
from glance_store.i18n import _
from glance_store import location

CONF = cfg.CONF
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

_STORE_OPTS = [
    cfg.ListOpt('stores',
                default=['file', 'http'],
                deprecated_for_removal=True,
                deprecated_since='Rocky',
                deprecated_reason="""
This option is deprecated against new config option
``enabled_backends`` which helps to configure multiple backend stores
of different schemes.

This option is scheduled for removal in the U development
cycle.
""",
                help="""
List of enabled Glance stores.

Register the storage backends to use for storing disk images
as a comma separated list. The default stores enabled for
storing disk images with Glance are ``file`` and ``http``.

Possible values:
    * A comma separated list that could include:
        * file
        * http
        * swift
        * rbd
        * cinder
        * vmware
        * s3

Related Options:
    * default_store

"""),
    cfg.StrOpt('default_store',
               default='file',
               choices=('file', 'filesystem', 'http', 'https', 'swift',
                        'swift+http', 'swift+https', 'swift+config', 'rbd',
                        'cinder', 'vsphere', 's3'),
               deprecated_for_removal=True,
               deprecated_since='Rocky',
               deprecated_reason="""
This option is deprecated against new config option
``default_backend`` which acts similar to ``default_store`` config
option.

This option is scheduled for removal in the U development
cycle.
""",
               help="""
The default scheme to use for storing images.

Provide a string value representing the default scheme to use for
storing images. If not set, Glance uses ``file`` as the default
scheme to store images with the ``file`` store.

NOTE: The value given for this configuration option must be a valid
scheme for a store registered with the ``stores`` configuration
option.

Possible values:
    * file
    * filesystem
    * http
    * https
    * swift
    * swift+http
    * swift+https
    * swift+config
    * rbd
    * cinder
    * vsphere
    * s3

Related Options:
    * stores

"""),
]

_STORE_CFG_GROUP = 'glance_store'


def _list_opts():
    driver_opts = []
    mgr = extension.ExtensionManager('glance_store.drivers')
    # NOTE(zhiyan): Handle available drivers entry_points provided
    # NOTE(nikhil): Return a sorted list of drivers to ensure that the sample
    # configuration files generated by oslo config generator retain the order
    # in which the config opts appear across different runs. If this order of
    # config opts is not preserved, some downstream packagers may see a long
    # diff of the changes though not relevant as only order has changed. See
    # some more details at bug 1619487.
    drivers = sorted([ext.name for ext in mgr])
    handled_drivers = []  # Used to handle backwards-compatible entries
    for store_entry in drivers:
        driver_cls = _load_store(None, store_entry, False)
        if driver_cls and driver_cls not in handled_drivers:
            if getattr(driver_cls, 'OPTIONS', None) is not None:
                driver_opts += driver_cls.OPTIONS
            handled_drivers.append(driver_cls)

    # NOTE(zhiyan): This separated approach could list
    # store options before all driver ones, which easier
    # to read and configure by operator.
    return ([(_STORE_CFG_GROUP, _STORE_OPTS)] +
            [(_STORE_CFG_GROUP, driver_opts)])


def register_opts(conf):
    opts = _list_opts()
    for group, opt_list in opts:
        LOG.debug("Registering options for group %s" % group)
        for opt in opt_list:
            conf.register_opt(opt, group=group)


class Indexable(object):
    """Indexable for file-like objs iterators

    Wrapper that allows an iterator or filelike be treated as an indexable
    data structure. This is required in the case where the return value from
    Store.get() is passed to Store.add() when adding a Copy-From image to a
    Store where the client library relies on eventlet GreenSockets, in which
    case the data to be written is indexed over.
    """

    def __init__(self, wrapped, size):
        """
        Initialize the object

        :param wrappped: the wrapped iterator or filelike.
        :param size: the size of data available
        """
        self.wrapped = wrapped
        self.size = int(size) if size else (wrapped.len
                                            if hasattr(wrapped, 'len') else 0)
        self.cursor = 0
        self.chunk = None

    def __iter__(self):
        """
        Delegate iteration to the wrapped instance.
        """
        for self.chunk in self.wrapped:
            yield self.chunk

    def __getitem__(self, i):
        """
        Index into the next chunk (or previous chunk in the case where
        the last data returned was not fully consumed).

        :param i: a slice-to-the-end
        """
        start = (i.start or 0) if isinstance(i, slice) else i
        if start < self.cursor:
            return self.chunk[(start - self.cursor):]

        self.chunk = self.another()
        if self.chunk:
            self.cursor += len(self.chunk)

        return self.chunk

    def another(self):
        """Implemented by subclasses to return the next element."""
        raise NotImplementedError

    def getvalue(self):
        """
        Return entire string value... used in testing
        """
        return self.wrapped.getvalue()

    def __len__(self):
        """
        Length accessor.
        """
        return self.size


def _load_store(conf, store_entry, invoke_load=True):
    try:
        LOG.debug("Attempting to import store %s", store_entry)
        mgr = driver.DriverManager('glance_store.drivers',
                                   store_entry,
                                   invoke_args=[conf],
                                   invoke_on_load=invoke_load)
        return mgr.driver
    except RuntimeError as e:
        LOG.warning("Failed to load driver %(driver)s. The "
                    "driver will be disabled" % dict(driver=str([driver, e])))


def _load_stores(conf):
    for store_entry in set(conf.glance_store.stores):
        try:
            # FIXME(flaper87): Don't hide BadStoreConfiguration
            # exceptions. These exceptions should be propagated
            # to the user of the library.
            store_instance = _load_store(conf, store_entry)

            if not store_instance:
                continue

            yield (store_entry, store_instance)

        except exceptions.BadStoreConfiguration:
            continue


def create_stores(conf=CONF):
    """
    Registers all store modules and all schemes
    from the given config. Duplicates are not re-registered.
    """
    store_count = 0

    for (store_entry, store_instance) in _load_stores(conf):
        try:
            schemes = store_instance.get_schemes()
            store_instance.configure(re_raise_bsc=False)
        except NotImplementedError:
            continue
        if not schemes:
            raise exceptions.BackendException('Unable to register store %s. '
                                              'No schemes associated with it.'
                                              % store_entry)
        else:
            LOG.debug("Registering store %s with schemes %s",
                      store_entry, schemes)

            scheme_map = {}
            loc_cls = store_instance.get_store_location_class()
            for scheme in schemes:
                scheme_map[scheme] = {
                    'store': store_instance,
                    'location_class': loc_cls,
                    'store_entry': store_entry
                }
            location.register_scheme_map(scheme_map)
            store_count += 1

    return store_count


def verify_default_store():
    scheme = CONF.glance_store.default_store
    try:
        get_store_from_scheme(scheme)
    except exceptions.UnknownScheme:
        msg = _("Store for scheme %s not found") % scheme
        raise RuntimeError(msg)


def get_known_schemes():
    """Returns list of known schemes."""
    return location.SCHEME_TO_CLS_MAP.keys()


def get_store_from_scheme(scheme):
    """
    Given a scheme, return the appropriate store object
    for handling that scheme.
    """
    if scheme not in location.SCHEME_TO_CLS_MAP:
        raise exceptions.UnknownScheme(scheme=scheme)
    scheme_info = location.SCHEME_TO_CLS_MAP[scheme]
    store = scheme_info['store']
    if not store.is_capable(capabilities.BitMasks.DRIVER_REUSABLE):
        # Driver instance isn't stateless so it can't
        # be reused safely and need recreation.
        store_entry = scheme_info['store_entry']
        store = _load_store(store.conf, store_entry, invoke_load=True)
        store.configure()
        try:
            scheme_map = {}
            loc_cls = store.get_store_location_class()
            for scheme in store.get_schemes():
                scheme_map[scheme] = {
                    'store': store,
                    'location_class': loc_cls,
                    'store_entry': store_entry
                }
                location.register_scheme_map(scheme_map)
        except NotImplementedError:
            scheme_info['store'] = store
    return store


def get_store_from_uri(uri):
    """
    Given a URI, return the store object that would handle
    operations on the URI.

    :param uri: URI to analyze
    """
    scheme = uri[0:uri.find('/') - 1]
    return get_store_from_scheme(scheme)


def get_from_backend(uri, offset=0, chunk_size=None, context=None):
    """Yields chunks of data from backend specified by uri."""

    loc = location.get_location_from_uri(uri, conf=CONF)
    store = get_store_from_uri(uri)

    return store.get(loc, offset=offset,
                     chunk_size=chunk_size,
                     context=context)


def get_size_from_backend(uri, context=None):
    """Retrieves image size from backend specified by uri."""

    loc = location.get_location_from_uri(uri, conf=CONF)
    store = get_store_from_uri(uri)
    return store.get_size(loc, context=context)


def delete_from_backend(uri, context=None):
    """Removes chunks of data from backend specified by uri."""

    loc = location.get_location_from_uri(uri, conf=CONF)
    store = get_store_from_uri(uri)
    return store.delete(loc, context=context)


def get_store_from_location(uri):
    """
    Given a location (assumed to be a URL), attempt to determine
    the store from the location.  We use here a simple guess that
    the scheme of the parsed URL is the store...

    :param uri: Location to check for the store
    """
    loc = location.get_location_from_uri(uri, conf=CONF)
    return loc.store_name


def check_location_metadata(val, key=''):
    if isinstance(val, dict):
        for key in val:
            check_location_metadata(val[key], key=key)
    elif isinstance(val, list):
        ndx = 0
        for v in val:
            check_location_metadata(v, key='%s[%d]' % (key, ndx))
            ndx = ndx + 1
    elif not isinstance(val, str):
        raise exceptions.BackendException(_("The image metadata key %(key)s "
                                            "has an invalid type of %(type)s. "
                                            "Only dict, list, and unicode are "
                                            "supported.")
                                          % dict(key=key, type=type(val)))


def _check_metadata(store, metadata):
    if not isinstance(metadata, dict):
        msg = (_("The storage driver %(driver)s returned invalid "
                 " metadata %(metadata)s. This must be a dictionary type")
               % dict(driver=str(store), metadata=str(metadata)))
        LOG.error(msg)
        raise exceptions.BackendException(msg)
    try:
        check_location_metadata(metadata)
    except exceptions.BackendException as e:
        e_msg = (_("A bad metadata structure was returned from the "
                   "%(driver)s storage driver: %(metadata)s.  %(e)s.") %
                 dict(driver=encodeutils.exception_to_unicode(store),
                      metadata=encodeutils.exception_to_unicode(metadata),
                      e=encodeutils.exception_to_unicode(e)))
        LOG.error(e_msg)
        raise exceptions.BackendException(e_msg)


def store_add_to_backend(image_id, data, size, store, context=None,
                         verifier=None):
    """
    A wrapper around a call to each stores add() method.  This gives glance
    a common place to check the output

    :param image_id:  The image add to which data is added
    :param data: The data to be stored
    :param size: The length of the data in bytes
    :param store: The store to which the data is being added
    :param context: The request context
    :param verifier: An object used to verify signatures for images
    :return: The url location of the file,
             the size amount of data,
             the checksum of the data
             the storage systems metadata dictionary for the location
    """
    (location, size, checksum, metadata) = store.add(image_id,
                                                     data,
                                                     size,
                                                     context=context,
                                                     verifier=verifier)
    if metadata is not None:
        _check_metadata(store, metadata)

    return (location, size, checksum, metadata)


def store_add_to_backend_with_multihash(
        image_id, data, size, hashing_algo, store,
        context=None, verifier=None):
    """
    A wrapper around a call to each store's add() method that requires
    a hashing_algo identifier and returns a 5-tuple including the
    "multihash" computed using the specified hashing_algo.  (This
    is an enhanced version of store_add_to_backend(), which is left
    as-is for backward compatibility.)

    :param image_id:  The image add to which data is added
    :param data: The data to be stored
    :param size: The length of the data in bytes
    :param store: The store to which the data is being added
    :param hashing_algo: A hashlib algorithm identifier (string)
    :param context: The request context
    :param verifier: An object used to verify signatures for images
    :return: The url location of the file,
             the size amount of data,
             the checksum of the data,
             the multihash of the data,
             the storage system's metadata dictionary for the location
    :raises: ``glance_store.exceptions.BackendException``
             ``glance_store.exceptions.UnknownHashingAlgo``
    """

    if hashing_algo not in hashlib.algorithms_available:
        raise exceptions.UnknownHashingAlgo(algo=hashing_algo)

    (location, size, checksum, multihash, metadata) = store.add(
        image_id, data, size, hashing_algo, context=context, verifier=verifier)

    if metadata is not None:
        _check_metadata(store, metadata)

    return (location, size, checksum, multihash, metadata)


def add_to_backend(conf, image_id, data, size, scheme=None, context=None,
                   verifier=None):
    if scheme is None:
        scheme = conf['glance_store']['default_store']
    store = get_store_from_scheme(scheme)
    return store_add_to_backend(image_id, data, size, store, context,
                                verifier)


def add_to_backend_with_multihash(conf, image_id, data, size, hashing_algo,
                                  scheme=None, context=None, verifier=None):
    if scheme is None:
        scheme = conf['glance_store']['default_store']
    store = get_store_from_scheme(scheme)
    return store_add_to_backend_with_multihash(
        image_id, data, size, hashing_algo, store, context, verifier)


def set_acls(location_uri, public=False, read_tenants=[],
             write_tenants=None, context=None):

    if write_tenants is None:
        write_tenants = []

    loc = location.get_location_from_uri(location_uri, conf=CONF)
    scheme = get_store_from_location(location_uri)
    store = get_store_from_scheme(scheme)
    try:
        store.set_acls(loc, public=public,
                       read_tenants=read_tenants,
                       write_tenants=write_tenants,
                       context=context)
    except NotImplementedError:
        LOG.debug(_("Skipping store.set_acls... not implemented."))