path: root/INSTALL

 OPENSSL INSTALLATION
 --------------------

 [This document describes installation on the main supported operating
  systems, currently the Linux/Unix family, OpenVMS and Windows.
  Installation on DOS (with djgpp), MacOS (before MacOS X)
  is described in INSTALL.DJGPP or INSTALL.MacOS, respectively.]

 To install OpenSSL, you will need:

  * make
  * Perl 5 with core modules (please read README.PERL)
  * The perl module Text::Template (please read README.PERL)
  * an ANSI C compiler
  * a development environment in the form of development libraries and C
    header files
  * a supported operating system

 For more details regarding specific platforms, there are these notes
 available:

  * NOTES.VMS (OpenVMS)
  * NOTES.WIN (any Windows except for Windows CE)

 Quick Start
 -----------

 If you want to just get on with it, do:

  on Unix:

    $ ./config
    $ make
    $ make test
    $ make install

  on OpenVMS:

    $ @config
    $ mms
    $ mms test
    $ mms install

  on Windows (only pick one of the targets for configuration):

    $ perl Configure { VC-WIN32 | VC-WIN64A | VC-WIN64I | VC-CE }
    $ nmake
    $ nmake test
    $ nmake install

 [If any of these steps fails, see section Installation in Detail below.]

 This will build and install OpenSSL in the default location, which is:

  Unix:    normal installation directories under /usr/local
  OpenVMS: SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version'...], where 'version' is the
           OpenSSL version number ('major'_'minor').
  Windows: currently don't have an install function     <TBA>

 If you want to install it anywhere else, run config like this:

  On Unix:

    $ ./config --prefix=/opt/openssl --openssldir=/usr/local/ssl

  On OpenVMS:

    $ @config --prefix=PROGRAM:[INSTALLS] --openssldir=SYS$MANAGER:[OPENSSL]


 Configuration Options
 ---------------------

 There are several options to ./config (or ./Configure) to customize
 the build (note that for Windows, the defaults for --prefix and
 --openssldir depend in what configuration is used and what Windows
 implementation OpenSSL is built on.  More notes on this in NOTES.WIN):

  --prefix=DIR     The top of the installation directory tree.  Defaults are:

                   Unix:           /usr/local
                   Windows:        C:\Program Files\OpenSSL
                                or C:\Program Files (x86)\OpenSSL
                   OpenVMS:        SYS$COMMON:[OPENSSL-'version']

  --openssldir=DIR Directory for OpenSSL configuration files, and also the
                   default certificate and key store.  Defaults are:

                   Unix:           PREFIX/ssl (PREFIX is given by --prefix)
                   Windows:        C:\Program Files\Common Files\SSL
                                or C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\SSL
                   OpenVMS:        SYS$COMMON:[SSL]

  --api=x.y.z      Don't build with support for deprecated APIs below the
                   specified version number. For example "--api=1.1.0" will
                   remove support for all APIS that were deprecated in OpenSSL
                   version 1.1.0 or below.

  no-deprecated    Don't build with support for any deprecated APIs. This is the
                   same as using "--api" and supplying the latest version
                   number.

  no-autoalginit   Don't automatically load all supported ciphers and digests.
                   Typically OpenSSL will make available all of its supported
                   ciphers and digests. For a statically linked application this
                   may be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.
                   This only affects libcrypto. Ciphers and digests will have to
                   be loaded manually using EVP_add_cipher() and
                   EVP_add_digest() if this option is used.

  no-autoerrinit   Don't automatically load all libcrypto/libssl error strings.
                   Typically OpenSSL will automatically load human readable
                   error strings. For a statically linked application this may
                   be undesirable if small executable size is an objective.

  no-threads       Don't try to build with support for multi-threaded
                   applications.

  threads          Build with support for multi-threaded applications.
                   This will usually require additional system-dependent
                   options! See "Note on multi-threading" below.

  no-zlib          Don't try to build with support for zlib compression and
                   decompression.

  zlib             Build with support for zlib compression/decompression.

  zlib-dynamic     Like "zlib", but has OpenSSL load the zlib library
                   dynamically when needed.  This is only supported on systems
                   where loading of shared libraries is supported.  This is the
                   default choice.

  no-shared        Don't try to create shared libraries.

  shared           In addition to the usual static libraries, create shared
                   libraries on platforms where it's supported.  See "Note on
                   shared libraries" below.

  no-asm           Do not use assembler code.

  386              On Intel hardware, use the 80386 instruction set only
                   (the default x86 code is more efficient, but requires at
                   least a 486). Note: Use compiler flags for any other CPU
                   specific configuration, e.g. "-m32" to build x86 code on
                   an x64 system.

  no-sse2          Exclude SSE2 code pathes. Normally SSE2 extension is
                   detected at run-time, but the decision whether or not the
                   machine code will be executed is taken solely on CPU
                   capability vector. This means that if you happen to run OS
                   kernel which does not support SSE2 extension on Intel P4
                   processor, then your application might be exposed to
                   "illegal instruction" exception. There might be a way
                   to enable support in kernel, e.g. FreeBSD kernel can be
                   compiled with CPU_ENABLE_SSE, and there is a way to
                   disengage SSE2 code pathes upon application start-up,
                   but if you aim for wider "audience" running such kernel,
                   consider no-sse2. Both 386 and no-asm options above imply
                   no-sse2.

  no-<alg>         Build without the specified algorithm (bf, cast, des, dh,
                   dsa, hmac, md2, md5, mdc2, rc2, rc4, rc5, rsa, sha).

  -Dxxx, -lxxx,    These system specific options will be passed through to the
  -Lxxx, -fxxx,    compiler to allow you to define preprocessor symbols, specify
  -mXXX, -Kxxx     additional libraries, library directories or other compiler
                   options.


 Installation in Detail
 ----------------------

 1a. Configure OpenSSL for your operation system automatically:

     NOTE: This is not available on Windows.

       $ ./config [options]                             # Unix

       or

       $ @config [options]                              ! OpenVMS

     For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
     examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.

     This guesses at your operating system (and compiler, if necessary) and
     configures OpenSSL based on this guess. Run ./config -t to see
     if it guessed correctly. If you want to use a different compiler, you
     are cross-compiling for another platform, or the ./config guess was
     wrong for other reasons, go to step 1b. Otherwise go to step 2.

     On some systems, you can include debugging information as follows:

       $ ./config -d [options]

 1b. Configure OpenSSL for your operating system manually

     OpenSSL knows about a range of different operating system, hardware and
     compiler combinations. To see the ones it knows about, run

       $ ./Configure                                    # Unix

       or

       $ perl Configure                                 # All other platforms

     For the remainder of this text, the Unix form will be used in all
     examples, please use the appropriate form for your platform.

     Pick a suitable name from the list that matches your system. For most
     operating systems there is a choice between using "cc" or "gcc".  When
     you have identified your system (and if necessary compiler) use this name
     as the argument to Configure. For example, a "linux-elf" user would
     run:

       $ ./Configure linux-elf [options]

     If your system isn't listed, you will have to create a configuration
     file named Configurations/{something}.conf and add the correct
     configuration for your system. See the available configs as examples
     and read Configurations/README and Configurations/README.design for
     more information.

     The generic configurations "cc" or "gcc" should usually work on 32 bit
     Unix-like systems.

     Configure creates a build file ("Makefile" on Unix and "descrip.mms"
     on OpenVMS) from a suitable template in Configurations, and
     defines various macros in crypto/opensslconf.h (generated from
     crypto/opensslconf.h.in).

 1c. Configure OpenSSL for building outside of the source tree.

     OpenSSL can be configured to build in a build directory separate from
     the directory with the source code.  It's done by placing yourself in
     some other directory and invoking the configuration commands from
     there.

     Unix example:

       $ mkdir /var/tmp/openssl-build
       $ cd /var/tmp/openssl-build
       $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/config [options]

       or

       $ /PATH/TO/OPENSSL/SOURCE/Configure [target] [options]

     OpenVMS example:

       $ set default sys$login:
       $ create/dir [.tmp.openssl-build]
       $ set default [.tmp.openssl-build]
       $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]config {options}

       or

       $ @[PATH.TO.OPENSSL.SOURCE]Configure {target} {options}

     Windows example:

       $ C:
       $ mkdir \temp-openssl
       $ cd \temp-openssl
       $ perl d:\PATH\TO\OPENSSL\SOURCE\Configure {target} {options}

     Paths can be relative just as well as absolute.  Configure will
     do its best to translate them to relative paths whenever possible.

  2. Build OpenSSL by running:

       $ make                                           # Unix
       $ mms                                            ! (or mmk) OpenVMS
       $ nmake                                          # Windows

     This will build the OpenSSL libraries (libcrypto.a and libssl.a on
     Unix, corresponding on other platforms) and the OpenSSL binary
     ("openssl"). The libraries will be built in the top-level directory,
     and the binary will be in the "apps" subdirectory.

     If the build fails, look at the output.  There may be reasons for
     the failure that aren't problems in OpenSSL itself (like missing
     standard headers).  If it is a problem with OpenSSL itself, please
     report the problem to <rt@openssl.org> (note that your message
     will be recorded in the request tracker publicly readable at
     https://www.openssl.org/community/index.html#bugs and will be
     forwarded to a public mailing list). Please check out the request
     tracker. Maybe the bug was already reported or has already been
     fixed.

     [If you encounter assembler error messages, try the "no-asm"
     configuration option as an immediate fix.]

     Compiling parts of OpenSSL with gcc and others with the system
     compiler will result in unresolved symbols on some systems.

  3. After a successful build, the libraries should be tested. Run:

       $ make test                                      # Unix
       $ mms test                                       ! OpenVMS
       $ nmake test                                     # Windows

     If some tests fail, look at the output.  There may be reasons for
     the failure that isn't a problem in OpenSSL itself (like a
     malfunction with Perl).  You may want increased verbosity, that
     can be accomplished like this:

       $ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make test                  # Unix

       $ DEFINE HARNESS_VERBOSE YES
       $ mms test                                       ! OpenVMS

       $ set HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes
       $ nmake test                                     # Windows

     If you want to run just one or a few specific tests, you can use
     the make variable TESTS to specify them, like this:

       $ make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test            # Unix
       $ mms/macro="TESTS=test_rsa test_dsa" test       ! OpenVMS
       $ nmake TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test           # Windows

     And of course, you can combine (Unix example shown):
       
       $ HARNESS_VERBOSE=yes make TESTS='test_rsa test_dsa' test

     You can find the list of available tests like this:

       $ make list-tests                                # Unix
       $ mms list-tests                                 ! OpenVMS
       $ nmake list-tests                               # Windows

     Have a look at the manual for the perl module Test::Harness to
     see what other HARNESS_* variables there are.

     If you find a problem with OpenSSL itself, try removing any
     compiler optimization flags from the CFLAGS line in Makefile and
     run "make clean; make" or corresponding.

     Please send a bug reports to <rt@openssl.org>.

  4. If everything tests ok, install OpenSSL with

       $ make install                                   # Unix
       $ mms install                                    ! OpenVMS

     This will install all the software components in this directory
     tree under PREFIX (the directory given with --prefix or its
     default):

       Unix:

         bin/           Contains the openssl binary and a few other
                        utility scripts.
         include/openssl
                        Contains the header files needed if you want
                        to build your own programs that use libcrypto
                        or libssl.
         lib            Contains the OpenSSL library files.
         lib/engines    Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
         share/man/{man1,man3,man5,man7}
                        Contains the OpenSSL man-pages.
         share/doc/openssl/html/{man1,man3,man5,man7}
                        Contains the HTML rendition of the man-pages.

       OpenVMS ('arch' is replaced with the architecture name, "Alpha"
       or "ia64"):

         [.EXE.'arch']  Contains the openssl binary and a few other
                        utility scripts.
         [.include.openssl]
                        Contains the header files needed if you want
                        to build your own programs that use libcrypto
                        or libssl.
         [.LIB.'arch']  Contains the OpenSSL library files.
         [.ENGINES.'arch']
                        Contains the OpenSSL dynamically loadable engines.
         [.SYS$STARTUP] Contains startup, login and shutdown scripts.
                        These define appropriate logical names and
                        command symbols.
                        

     Additionally, install will add the following directories under
     OPENSSLDIR (the directory given with --openssldir or its default)
     for you convenience:

         certs          Initially empty, this is the default location
                        for certificate files.
         private        Initially empty, this is the default location
                        for private key files.
         misc           Various scripts.

     Package builders who want to configure the library for standard
     locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that
     it can easily be packaged, can use

       $ make DESTDIR=/tmp/package-root install         # Unix
       $ mms/macro="DESTDIR=TMP:[PACKAGE-ROOT]" install ! OpenVMS

     The specified destination directory will be prepended to all
     installation target paths.

  Compatibility issues with previous OpenSSL versions:

  *  COMPILING existing applications

     OpenSSL 1.1 hides a number of structures that were previously
     open.  This includes all internal libssl structures and a number
     of EVP types.  Accessor functions have been added to allow
     controlled access to the structures' data.

     This means that some software needs to be rewritten to adapt to
     the new ways of doing things.  This often amounts to allocating
     an instance of a structure explicitly where you could previously
     allocate them on the stack as automatic variables, and using the
     provided accessor functions where you would previously access a
     structure's field directly.

     <TBA>

     Some APIs have changed as well.  However, older APIs have been
     preserved when possible.


 Note on multi-threading
 -----------------------

 For some systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what compiler options
 are needed to generate a library that is suitable for multi-threaded
 applications.  On these systems, support for multi-threading is enabled
 by default; use the "no-threads" option to disable (this should never be
 necessary).

 On other systems, to enable support for multi-threading, you will have
 to specify at least two options: "threads", and a system-dependent option.
 (The latter is "-D_REENTRANT" on various systems.)  The default in this
 case, obviously, is not to include support for multi-threading (but
 you can still use "no-threads" to suppress an annoying warning message
 from the Configure script.)

 OpenSSL provides built-in support for two threading models: pthreads (found on
 most UNIX/Linux systems), and Windows threads. No other threading models are
 supported. If your platform does not provide pthreads or Windows threads then
 you should Configure with the "no-threads" option.

 Note on shared libraries
 ------------------------

 Shared libraries have certain caveats.  Binary backward compatibility
 can't be guaranteed before OpenSSL version 1.0.  The only reason to
 use them would be to conserve memory on systems where several programs
 are using OpenSSL.

 For most systems, the OpenSSL Configure script knows what is needed to
 build shared libraries for libcrypto and libssl.  On these systems,
 the shared libraries are currently not created by default, but giving
 the option "shared" will get them created.

 Note on random number generation
 --------------------------------

 Availability of cryptographically secure random numbers is required for
 secret key generation. OpenSSL provides several options to seed the
 internal PRNG. If not properly seeded, the internal PRNG will refuse
 to deliver random bytes and a "PRNG not seeded error" will occur.
 On systems without /dev/urandom (or similar) device, it may be necessary
 to install additional support software to obtain random seed.
 Please check out the manual pages for RAND_add(), RAND_bytes(), RAND_egd(),
 and the FAQ for more information.