src,test: support dynamically linking OpenSSL 3.0

This commit enables node to dynamically link against OpenSSL 3.0.

The motivation for opening this PR even though OpenSSL 3.0 has not been
released yet is to allow a nightly CI job to be created. This will
allow us stay on top of changes required for OpenSSL 3.0, and also to
make sure that changes to node crypto do not cause issues when linking
to OpenSSL 3.0.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/37669
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/29817
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <midawson@redhat.com>

47 files changed, 513 insertions, 297 deletions

diff --git a/node.gypi b/node.gypi
index ad088b133b..f9dba2d4bd 100644
--- a/node.gypi
+++ b/node.gypi
@@ -361,7 +361,11 @@
               ],
             }],
           ],
-        }]]
+        }, {
+          # Set 1.0.0 as the API compability level to avoid the
+          # deprecation warnings when using OpenSSL 3.0.
+	  'defines': ['OPENSSL_API_COMPAT=0x10000000L'],
+	}]]
 
     }, {
       'defines': [ 'HAVE_OPENSSL=0' ]
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_cipher.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_cipher.cc
index 47764b5bc7..c9c3563ef9 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_cipher.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_cipher.cc
@@ -342,8 +342,11 @@ void CipherBase::Init(const char* cipher_type,
                       unsigned int auth_tag_len) {
   HandleScope scope(env()->isolate());
   MarkPopErrorOnReturn mark_pop_error_on_return;
-
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+  if (EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(nullptr)) {
+#else
   if (FIPS_mode()) {
+#endif
     return THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION(env(),
         "crypto.createCipher() is not supported in FIPS mode.");
   }
@@ -527,7 +530,13 @@ bool CipherBase::InitAuthenticated(
     }
 
     // TODO(tniessen) Support CCM decryption in FIPS mode
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+    if (mode == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE && kind_ == kDecipher &&
+        EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(nullptr)) {
+#else
     if (mode == EVP_CIPH_CCM_MODE && kind_ == kDecipher && FIPS_mode()) {
+#endif
       THROW_ERR_CRYPTO_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION(env(),
           "CCM encryption not supported in FIPS mode");
       return false;
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_dsa.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_dsa.cc
index d3446eb60a..6ee8cf7e18 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_dsa.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_dsa.cc
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Maybe<bool> GetDsaKeyDetail(
   int type = EVP_PKEY_id(m_pkey.get());
   CHECK(type == EVP_PKEY_DSA);
 
-  DSA* dsa = EVP_PKEY_get0_DSA(m_pkey.get());
+  const DSA* dsa = EVP_PKEY_get0_DSA(m_pkey.get());
   CHECK_NOT_NULL(dsa);
 
   DSA_get0_pqg(dsa, &p, &q, nullptr);
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_ec.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_ec.cc
index 3e2c2031ad..ea4c70ad5d 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_ec.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_ec.cc
@@ -463,19 +463,22 @@ bool ECDHBitsTraits::DeriveBits(
 
   char* data = nullptr;
   size_t len = 0;
+  ManagedEVPPKey m_privkey = params.private_->GetAsymmetricKey();
+  ManagedEVPPKey m_pubkey = params.public_->GetAsymmetricKey();
 
   switch (params.id_) {
     case EVP_PKEY_X25519:
       // Fall through
     case EVP_PKEY_X448: {
-      EVPKeyCtxPointer ctx(
-          EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(
-              params.private_->GetAsymmetricKey().get(),
-              nullptr));
+      EVPKeyCtxPointer ctx = nullptr;
+      {
+        ctx.reset(EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(m_privkey.get(), nullptr));
+      }
+      Mutex::ScopedLock pub_lock(*m_pubkey.mutex());
       if (EVP_PKEY_derive_init(ctx.get()) <= 0 ||
           EVP_PKEY_derive_set_peer(
               ctx.get(),
-              params.public_->GetAsymmetricKey().get()) <= 0 ||
+              m_pubkey.get()) <= 0 ||
           EVP_PKEY_derive(ctx.get(), nullptr, &len) <= 0) {
         return false;
       }
@@ -492,10 +495,14 @@ bool ECDHBitsTraits::DeriveBits(
       break;
     }
     default: {
-      const EC_KEY* private_key =
-          EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(params.private_->GetAsymmetricKey().get());
-      const EC_KEY* public_key =
-          EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(params.public_->GetAsymmetricKey().get());
+      const EC_KEY* private_key;
+      {
+        Mutex::ScopedLock priv_lock(*m_privkey.mutex());
+        private_key = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(m_privkey.get());
+      }
+
+      Mutex::ScopedLock pub_lock(*m_pubkey.mutex());
+      const EC_KEY* public_key = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(m_pubkey.get());
 
       const EC_GROUP* group = EC_KEY_get0_group(private_key);
       if (group == nullptr)
@@ -607,7 +614,7 @@ WebCryptoKeyExportStatus EC_Raw_Export(
   CHECK(m_pkey);
   Mutex::ScopedLock lock(*m_pkey.mutex());
 
-  EC_KEY* ec_key = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(m_pkey.get());
+  const EC_KEY* ec_key = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(m_pkey.get());
 
   unsigned char* data;
   size_t len = 0;
@@ -627,10 +634,10 @@ WebCryptoKeyExportStatus EC_Raw_Export(
     }
     CHECK_NOT_NULL(fn);
     // Get the size of the raw key data
-    if (fn(key_data->GetAsymmetricKey().get(), nullptr, &len) == 0)
+    if (fn(m_pkey.get(), nullptr, &len) == 0)
       return WebCryptoKeyExportStatus::INVALID_KEY_TYPE;
     data = MallocOpenSSL<unsigned char>(len);
-    if (fn(key_data->GetAsymmetricKey().get(), data, &len) == 0)
+    if (fn(m_pkey.get(), data, &len) == 0)
       return WebCryptoKeyExportStatus::INVALID_KEY_TYPE;
   } else {
     if (key_data->GetKeyType() != kKeyTypePublic)
@@ -696,7 +703,7 @@ Maybe<bool> ExportJWKEcKey(
   Mutex::ScopedLock lock(*m_pkey.mutex());
   CHECK_EQ(EVP_PKEY_id(m_pkey.get()), EVP_PKEY_EC);
 
-  EC_KEY* ec = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(m_pkey.get());
+  const EC_KEY* ec = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(m_pkey.get());
   CHECK_NOT_NULL(ec);
 
   const EC_POINT* pub = EC_KEY_get0_public_key(ec);
@@ -751,6 +758,7 @@ Maybe<bool> ExportJWKEdKey(
     std::shared_ptr<KeyObjectData> key,
     Local<Object> target) {
   ManagedEVPPKey pkey = key->GetAsymmetricKey();
+  Mutex::ScopedLock lock(*pkey.mutex());
 
   const char* curve = nullptr;
   switch (EVP_PKEY_id(pkey.get())) {
@@ -902,7 +910,7 @@ Maybe<bool> GetEcKeyDetail(
   Mutex::ScopedLock lock(*m_pkey.mutex());
   CHECK_EQ(EVP_PKEY_id(m_pkey.get()), EVP_PKEY_EC);
 
-  EC_KEY* ec = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(m_pkey.get());
+  const EC_KEY* ec = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(m_pkey.get());
   CHECK_NOT_NULL(ec);
 
   const EC_GROUP* group = EC_KEY_get0_group(ec);
@@ -919,8 +927,8 @@ Maybe<bool> GetEcKeyDetail(
 // implementation here is a adapted from Chromium's impl here:
 // https://github.com/chromium/chromium/blob/7af6cfd/components/webcrypto/algorithms/ecdsa.cc
 
-size_t GroupOrderSize(ManagedEVPPKey key) {
-  EC_KEY* ec = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(key.get());
+size_t GroupOrderSize(const ManagedEVPPKey& key) {
+  const EC_KEY* ec = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(key.get());
   CHECK_NOT_NULL(ec);
   const EC_GROUP* group = EC_KEY_get0_group(ec);
   BignumPointer order(BN_new());
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_hkdf.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_hkdf.cc
index f6339b129b..0aa96ada47 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_hkdf.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_hkdf.cc
@@ -110,15 +110,15 @@ bool HKDFTraits::DeriveBits(
       !EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md(ctx.get(), params.digest) ||
       !EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_hkdf_salt(
         ctx.get(),
-        params.salt.get(),
+        reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(params.salt.get()),
         params.salt.size()) ||
       !EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_hkdf_key(
         ctx.get(),
-        params.key->GetSymmetricKey(),
+        reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(params.key->GetSymmetricKey()),
         params.key->GetSymmetricKeySize()) ||
       !EVP_PKEY_CTX_add1_hkdf_info(
         ctx.get(),
-        params.info.get(),
+        reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(params.info.get()),
         params.info.size())) {
     return false;
   }
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_keygen.h b/src/crypto/crypto_keygen.h
index 6231eb7eef..e96d850cee 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_keygen.h
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_keygen.h
@@ -235,6 +235,9 @@ struct KeyPairGenConfig final : public MemoryRetainer {
   AlgorithmParams params;
 
   KeyPairGenConfig() = default;
+  ~KeyPairGenConfig() {
+    Mutex::ScopedLock priv_lock(*key.mutex());
+  }
 
   explicit KeyPairGenConfig(KeyPairGenConfig&& other) noexcept
       : public_key_encoding(other.public_key_encoding),
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc
index 4f0102a0ee..f72ca8322d 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_keys.cc
@@ -559,6 +559,8 @@ ManagedEVPPKey::ManagedEVPPKey(const ManagedEVPPKey& that) {
 }
 
 ManagedEVPPKey& ManagedEVPPKey::operator=(const ManagedEVPPKey& that) {
+  Mutex::ScopedLock lock(*that.mutex_);
+
   pkey_.reset(that.get());
 
   if (pkey_)
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_keys.h b/src/crypto/crypto_keys.h
index 21ccb73e33..bf1498e628 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_keys.h
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_keys.h
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ struct PrivateKeyEncodingConfig : public AsymmetricKeyEncodingConfig {
 // use.
 class ManagedEVPPKey : public MemoryRetainer {
  public:
-  ManagedEVPPKey() = default;
+  ManagedEVPPKey() : mutex_(std::make_shared<Mutex>()) {}
   explicit ManagedEVPPKey(EVPKeyPointer&& pkey);
   ManagedEVPPKey(const ManagedEVPPKey& that);
   ManagedEVPPKey& operator=(const ManagedEVPPKey& that);
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_rsa.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_rsa.cc
index c3250ea2e4..22c20a3031 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_rsa.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_rsa.cc
@@ -371,11 +371,11 @@ Maybe<bool> ExportJWKRsaKey(
 
   // TODO(tniessen): Remove the "else" branch once we drop support for OpenSSL
   // versions older than 1.1.1e via FIPS / dynamic linking.
-  RSA* rsa;
+  const RSA* rsa;
   if (OpenSSL_version_num() >= 0x1010105fL) {
     rsa = EVP_PKEY_get0_RSA(m_pkey.get());
   } else {
-    rsa = static_cast<RSA*>(EVP_PKEY_get0(m_pkey.get()));
+    rsa = static_cast<const RSA*>(EVP_PKEY_get0(m_pkey.get()));
   }
   CHECK_NOT_NULL(rsa);
 
@@ -520,11 +520,11 @@ Maybe<bool> GetRsaKeyDetail(
 
   // TODO(tniessen): Remove the "else" branch once we drop support for OpenSSL
   // versions older than 1.1.1e via FIPS / dynamic linking.
-  RSA* rsa;
+  const RSA* rsa;
   if (OpenSSL_version_num() >= 0x1010105fL) {
     rsa = EVP_PKEY_get0_RSA(m_pkey.get());
   } else {
-    rsa = static_cast<RSA*>(EVP_PKEY_get0(m_pkey.get()));
+    rsa = static_cast<const RSA*>(EVP_PKEY_get0(m_pkey.get()));
   }
   CHECK_NOT_NULL(rsa);
 
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_sig.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_sig.cc
index 946ac250f2..cb1ce31be7 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_sig.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_sig.cc
@@ -28,8 +28,13 @@ namespace crypto {
 namespace {
 bool ValidateDSAParameters(EVP_PKEY* key) {
   /* Validate DSA2 parameters from FIPS 186-4 */
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+  if (EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(nullptr) &&
+      EVP_PKEY_DSA == EVP_PKEY_base_id(key)) {
+#else
   if (FIPS_mode() && EVP_PKEY_DSA == EVP_PKEY_base_id(key)) {
-    DSA* dsa = EVP_PKEY_get0_DSA(key);
+#endif
+    const DSA* dsa = EVP_PKEY_get0_DSA(key);
     const BIGNUM* p;
     DSA_get0_pqg(dsa, &p, nullptr, nullptr);
     size_t L = BN_num_bits(p);
@@ -103,11 +108,11 @@ unsigned int GetBytesOfRS(const ManagedEVPPKey& pkey) {
   int bits, base_id = EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey.get());
 
   if (base_id == EVP_PKEY_DSA) {
-    DSA* dsa_key = EVP_PKEY_get0_DSA(pkey.get());
+    const DSA* dsa_key = EVP_PKEY_get0_DSA(pkey.get());
     // Both r and s are computed mod q, so their width is limited by that of q.
     bits = BN_num_bits(DSA_get0_q(dsa_key));
   } else if (base_id == EVP_PKEY_EC) {
-    EC_KEY* ec_key = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(pkey.get());
+    const EC_KEY* ec_key = EVP_PKEY_get0_EC_KEY(pkey.get());
     const EC_GROUP* ec_group = EC_KEY_get0_group(ec_key);
     bits = EC_GROUP_order_bits(ec_group);
   } else {
@@ -873,7 +878,7 @@ bool SignTraits::DeriveBits(
     case SignConfiguration::kSign: {
       size_t len;
       unsigned char* data = nullptr;
-      if (IsOneShot(params.key->GetAsymmetricKey())) {
+      if (IsOneShot(m_pkey)) {
         EVP_DigestSign(
             context.get(),
             nullptr,
@@ -905,10 +910,7 @@ bool SignTraits::DeriveBits(
           return false;
 
         if (UseP1363Encoding(m_pkey, params.dsa_encoding)) {
-          *out = ConvertSignatureToP1363(
-              env,
-              params.key->GetAsymmetricKey(),
-              buf);
+          *out = ConvertSignatureToP1363(env, m_pkey, buf);
         } else {
           buf.Resize(len);
           *out = std::move(buf);
diff --git a/src/crypto/crypto_util.cc b/src/crypto/crypto_util.cc
index 9644dc4dc7..9c35a7cabb 100644
--- a/src/crypto/crypto_util.cc
+++ b/src/crypto/crypto_util.cc
@@ -137,7 +137,12 @@ void InitCryptoOnce() {
   unsigned long err = 0;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
   if (per_process::cli_options->enable_fips_crypto ||
       per_process::cli_options->force_fips_crypto) {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+    if (0 == EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(nullptr) &&
+        !EVP_default_properties_enable_fips(nullptr, 1)) {
+#else
     if (0 == FIPS_mode() && !FIPS_mode_set(1)) {
+#endif
       err = ERR_get_error();
     }
   }
@@ -160,7 +165,12 @@ void InitCryptoOnce() {
 }
 
 void GetFipsCrypto(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+  args.GetReturnValue().Set(EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(nullptr) ?
+      1 : 0);
+#else
   args.GetReturnValue().Set(FIPS_mode() ? 1 : 0);
+#endif
 }
 
 void SetFipsCrypto(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
@@ -168,10 +178,18 @@ void SetFipsCrypto(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
   bool enable = args[0]->BooleanValue(env->isolate());
 
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+  if (enable == EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(nullptr))
+#else
   if (enable == FIPS_mode())
+#endif
     return;  // No action needed.
 
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+  if (!EVP_default_properties_enable_fips(nullptr, enable)) {
+#else
   if (!FIPS_mode_set(enable)) {
+#endif
     unsigned long err = ERR_get_error();  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
     return ThrowCryptoError(env, err);
   }
diff --git a/src/node.cc b/src/node.cc
index eed3a1dbfa..b757013ce1 100644
--- a/src/node.cc
+++ b/src/node.cc
@@ -1015,8 +1015,12 @@ InitializationResult InitializeOncePerProcess(int argc, char** argv) {
   }
   // In the case of FIPS builds we should make sure
   // the random source is properly initialized first.
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
+  if (EVP_default_properties_is_fips_enabled(nullptr)) {
+#else
   if (FIPS_mode()) {
     OPENSSL_init();
+#endif
   }
   // V8 on Windows doesn't have a good source of entropy. Seed it from
   // OpenSSL's pool.
diff --git a/test/common/index.js b/test/common/index.js
index b70972b1a5..89c4fcaaa9 100644
--- a/test/common/index.js
+++ b/test/common/index.js
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ const noop = () => {};
 const hasCrypto = Boolean(process.versions.openssl) &&
                   !process.env.NODE_SKIP_CRYPTO;
 
+const hasOpenSSL3 = hasCrypto &&
+    require('crypto').constants.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 805306368;
+
 // Check for flags. Skip this for workers (both, the `cluster` module and
 // `worker_threads`) and child processes.
 // If the binary was built without-ssl then the crypto flags are
@@ -726,6 +729,7 @@ const common = {
   getTTYfd,
   hasIntl,
   hasCrypto,
+  hasOpenSSL3,
   hasMultiLocalhost,
   invalidArgTypeHelper,
   isAIX,
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-binary-default.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-binary-default.js
index a2fb2e8267..ada50d6b9c 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-binary-default.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-binary-default.js
@@ -583,7 +583,8 @@ assert.throws(
 // Test Diffie-Hellman with two parties sharing a secret,
 // using various encodings as we go along
 {
-  const dh1 = crypto.createDiffieHellman(common.hasFipsCrypto ? 1024 : 256);
+  const size = common.hasFipsCrypto || common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 1024 : 256;
+  const dh1 = crypto.createDiffieHellman(size);
   const p1 = dh1.getPrime('buffer');
   const dh2 = crypto.createDiffieHellman(p1, 'base64');
   const key1 = dh1.generateKeys();
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-cipheriv-decipheriv.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-cipheriv-decipheriv.js
index ea5b675db1..87f3641fb1 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-cipheriv-decipheriv.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-cipheriv-decipheriv.js
@@ -193,7 +193,9 @@ assert.throws(
   errMessage);
 
 // But all other IV lengths should be accepted.
-for (let n = 1; n < 256; n += 1) {
+const minIvLength = common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 8 : 1;
+const maxIvLength = common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 64 : 256;
+for (let n = minIvLength; n < maxIvLength; n += 1) {
   if (common.hasFipsCrypto && n < 12) continue;
   crypto.createCipheriv('aes-128-gcm', Buffer.alloc(16), Buffer.alloc(n));
 }
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-classes.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-classes.js
index ce4e2922de..dd073274ae 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-classes.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-classes.js
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const TEST_CASES = {
 if (!common.hasFipsCrypto) {
   TEST_CASES.Cipher = ['aes192', 'secret'];
   TEST_CASES.Decipher = ['aes192', 'secret'];
-  TEST_CASES.DiffieHellman = [256];
+  TEST_CASES.DiffieHellman = [common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 1024 : 256];
 }
 
 for (const [clazz, args] of Object.entries(TEST_CASES)) {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-leak.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-leak.js
index 5c4c0c61d4..fe8c138ac2 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-leak.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-leak.js
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ const crypto = require('crypto');
 
 const before = process.memoryUsage.rss();
 {
-  const dh = crypto.createDiffieHellman(common.hasFipsCrypto ? 1024 : 256);
+  const size = common.hasFipsCrypto || common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 1024 : 256;
+  const dh = crypto.createDiffieHellman(size);
   const publicKey = dh.generateKeys();
   const privateKey = dh.getPrivateKey();
   for (let i = 0; i < 5e4; i += 1) {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-odd-key.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-odd-key.js
index d5410daca6..69a1eb56c8 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-odd-key.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-odd-key.js
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const crypto = require('crypto');
 function test() {
   const odd = Buffer.alloc(39, 'A');
 
-  const c = crypto.createDiffieHellman(32);
+  const c = crypto.createDiffieHellman(common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 1024 : 32);
   c.setPrivateKey(odd);
   c.generateKeys();
 }
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-stateless.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-stateless.js
index 3d0c1b497d..9e26a31866 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-stateless.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-stateless.js
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ const alicePrivateKey = crypto.createPrivateKey({
        '-----END PRIVATE KEY-----',
   format: 'pem'
 });
-
 const alicePublicKey = crypto.createPublicKey({
   key: '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n' +
        'MIIBnzCB1QYJKoZIhvcNAQMBMIHHAoHBAP//////////yQ/aoiFowjTExmKLgNwc\n' +
@@ -135,7 +134,6 @@ const dh = crypto.createDiffieHellman(group.getPrime(), group.getGenerator());
 dh.setPrivateKey(privateKey);
 
 // Test simple Diffie-Hellman, no curves involved.
-
 test({ publicKey: alicePublicKey, privateKey: alicePrivateKey },
      { publicKey: bobPublicKey, privateKey: bobPrivateKey },
      dh.computeSecret(publicKey));
@@ -146,23 +144,31 @@ test(crypto.generateKeyPairSync('dh', { group: 'modp5' }),
 test(crypto.generateKeyPairSync('dh', { group: 'modp5' }),
      crypto.generateKeyPairSync('dh', { prime: group.getPrime() }));
 
-for (const [params1, params2] of [
+const list = [
   // Same generator, but different primes.
-  [{ group: 'modp5' }, { group: 'modp18' }],
+  [{ group: 'modp5' }, { group: 'modp18' }]];
+
+// TODO(danbev): Take a closer look if there should be a check in OpenSSL3
+// when the dh parameters differ.
+if (!common.hasOpenSSL3) {
   // Same primes, but different generator.
-  [{ group: 'modp5' }, { prime: group.getPrime(), generator: 5 }],
+  list.push([{ group: 'modp5' }, { prime: group.getPrime(), generator: 5 }]);
   // Same generator, but different primes.
-  [{ primeLength: 1024 }, { primeLength: 1024 }]
-]) {
+  list.push([{ primeLength: 1024 }, { primeLength: 1024 }]);
+}
+
+for (const [params1, params2] of list) {
   assert.throws(() => {
     test(crypto.generateKeyPairSync('dh', params1),
          crypto.generateKeyPairSync('dh', params2));
-  }, {
+  }, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+    name: 'Error',
+    code: 'ERR_OSSL_DH_INVALID_PUBLIC_KEY'
+  } : {
     name: 'Error',
     code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_DIFFERENT_PARAMETERS'
   });
 }
-
 {
   const privateKey = crypto.createPrivateKey({
     key: '-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\n' +
@@ -214,7 +220,10 @@ const not256k1 = crypto.getCurves().find((c) => /^sec.*(224|384|512)/.test(c));
 assert.throws(() => {
   test(crypto.generateKeyPairSync('ec', { namedCurve: 'secp256k1' }),
        crypto.generateKeyPairSync('ec', { namedCurve: not256k1 }));
-}, {
+}, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+  name: 'Error',
+  code: 'ERR_OSSL_EC_INCOMPATIBLE_OBJECTS'
+} : {
   name: 'Error',
   code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_DIFFERENT_PARAMETERS'
 });
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh.js
index 5336301391..d08d07de4f 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh.js
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ const crypto = require('crypto');
 
 // Test Diffie-Hellman with two parties sharing a secret,
 // using various encodings as we go along
-const dh1 = crypto.createDiffieHellman(common.hasFipsCrypto ? 1024 : 256);
+const size = common.hasFipsCrypto || common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 1024 : 256;
+const dh1 = crypto.createDiffieHellman(size);
 const p1 = dh1.getPrime('buffer');
 const dh2 = crypto.createDiffieHellman(p1, 'buffer');
 let key1 = dh1.generateKeys();
@@ -38,11 +39,19 @@ assert.throws(() => crypto.createDiffieHellman('abcdef', 13.37), {
 });
 
 for (const bits of [-1, 0, 1]) {
-  assert.throws(() => crypto.createDiffieHellman(bits), {
-    code: 'ERR_OSSL_BN_BITS_TOO_SMALL',
-    name: 'Error',
-    message: /bits too small/,
-  });
+  if (common.hasOpenSSL3) {
+    assert.throws(() => crypto.createDiffieHellman(bits), {
+      code: 'ERR_OSSL_DH_MODULUS_TOO_SMALL',
+      name: 'Error',
+      message: /modulus too small/,
+    });
+  } else {
+    assert.throws(() => crypto.createDiffieHellman(bits), {
+      code: 'ERR_OSSL_BN_BITS_TOO_SMALL',
+      name: 'Error',
+      message: /bits too small/,
+    });
+  }
 }
 
 // Through a fluke of history, g=0 defaults to DH_GENERATOR (2).
@@ -143,13 +152,23 @@ const secret4 = dh4.computeSecret(key2, 'hex', 'base64');
 
 assert.strictEqual(secret1, secret4);
 
-const wrongBlockLength = {
-  message: 'error:0606506D:digital envelope' +
-    ' routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:wrong final block length',
-  code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_WRONG_FINAL_BLOCK_LENGTH',
-  library: 'digital envelope routines',
-  reason: 'wrong final block length'
-};
+let wrongBlockLength;
+if (common.hasOpenSSL3) {
+  wrongBlockLength = {
+    message: 'error:1C80006B:Provider routines::wrong final block length',
+    code: 'ERR_OSSL_WRONG_FINAL_BLOCK_LENGTH',
+    library: 'Provider routines',
+    reason: 'wrong final block length'
+  };
+} else {
+  wrongBlockLength = {
+    message: 'error:0606506D:digital envelope' +
+      ' routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:wrong final block length',
+    code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_WRONG_FINAL_BLOCK_LENGTH',
+    library: 'digital envelope routines',
+    reason: 'wrong final block length'
+  };
+}
 
 // Run this one twice to make sure that the dh3 clears its error properly
 {
@@ -168,7 +187,9 @@ const wrongBlockLength = {
 
 assert.throws(() => {
   dh3.computeSecret('');
-}, { message: 'Supplied key is too small' });
+}, { message: common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+  'error:02800066:Diffie-Hellman routines::invalid public key' :
+  'Supplied key is too small' });
 
 // Create a shared using a DH group.
 const alice = crypto.createDiffieHellmanGroup('modp5');
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-ecb.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-ecb.js
index c88ebaabb0..aecd858ef3 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-ecb.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-ecb.js
@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ if (!common.hasCrypto)
 if (common.hasFipsCrypto)
   common.skip('BF-ECB is not FIPS 140-2 compatible');
 
+if (common.hasOpenSSL3)
+  common.skip('Blowfish is only available with the legacy provider in ' +
+    'OpenSSl 3.x');
+
 const assert = require('assert');
 const crypto = require('crypto');
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-fips.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-fips.js
index a1ed645184..204951514a 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-fips.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-fips.js
@@ -66,21 +66,6 @@ testHelper(
   'require("crypto").getFips()',
   { ...process.env, 'OPENSSL_CONF': '' });
 
-// --enable-fips should turn FIPS mode on
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  ['--enable-fips'],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  'require("crypto").getFips()',
-  process.env);
-
-// --force-fips should turn FIPS mode on
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  ['--force-fips'],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  'require("crypto").getFips()',
-  process.env);
 
 // If Node was configured using --shared-openssl fips support might be
 // available depending on how OpenSSL was built. If fips support is
@@ -120,120 +105,140 @@ if (!sharedOpenSSL()) {
     Object.assign({}, process.env, { 'OPENSSL_CONF': CNF_FIPS_OFF }));
 }
 
-testHelper(
-  'stdout',
-  [`--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_OFF}`],
-  FIPS_DISABLED,
-  'require("crypto").getFips()',
-  Object.assign({}, process.env, { 'OPENSSL_CONF': CNF_FIPS_ON }));
+// OpenSSL 3.x has changed the configuration files so the following tests
+// will not work as expected with that version.
+// TODO(danbev) Revisit these test once FIPS support is available in
+// OpenSSL 3.x.
+if (!common.hasOpenSSL3) {
+  testHelper(
+    'stdout',
+    [`--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_OFF}`],
+    FIPS_DISABLED,
+    'require("crypto").getFips()',
+    Object.assign({}, process.env, { 'OPENSSL_CONF': CNF_FIPS_ON }));
 
-// --enable-fips should take precedence over OpenSSL config file
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  ['--enable-fips', `--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_OFF}`],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  'require("crypto").getFips()',
-  process.env);
+  // --enable-fips should take precedence over OpenSSL config file
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    ['--enable-fips', `--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_OFF}`],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    'require("crypto").getFips()',
+    process.env);
+  // --force-fips should take precedence over OpenSSL config file
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    ['--force-fips', `--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_OFF}`],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    'require("crypto").getFips()',
+    process.env);
+  // --enable-fips should turn FIPS mode on
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    ['--enable-fips'],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    'require("crypto").getFips()',
+    process.env);
 
-// OPENSSL_CONF should _not_ make a difference to --enable-fips
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  ['--enable-fips'],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  'require("crypto").getFips()',
-  Object.assign({}, process.env, { 'OPENSSL_CONF': CNF_FIPS_OFF }));
+  // --force-fips should turn FIPS mode on
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    ['--force-fips'],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    'require("crypto").getFips()',
+    process.env);
 
-// --force-fips should take precedence over OpenSSL config file
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  ['--force-fips', `--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_OFF}`],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  'require("crypto").getFips()',
-  process.env);
+  // OPENSSL_CONF should _not_ make a difference to --enable-fips
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    ['--enable-fips'],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    'require("crypto").getFips()',
+    Object.assign({}, process.env, { 'OPENSSL_CONF': CNF_FIPS_OFF }));
 
-// Using OPENSSL_CONF should not make a difference to --force-fips
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  ['--force-fips'],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  'require("crypto").getFips()',
-  Object.assign({}, process.env, { 'OPENSSL_CONF': CNF_FIPS_OFF }));
+  // Using OPENSSL_CONF should not make a difference to --force-fips
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    ['--force-fips'],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    'require("crypto").getFips()',
+    Object.assign({}, process.env, { 'OPENSSL_CONF': CNF_FIPS_OFF }));
 
-// setFipsCrypto should be able to turn FIPS mode on
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  [],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  '(require("crypto").setFips(true),' +
-  'require("crypto").getFips())',
-  process.env);
+  // setFipsCrypto should be able to turn FIPS mode on
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    [],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    '(require("crypto").setFips(true),' +
+    'require("crypto").getFips())',
+    process.env);
 
-// setFipsCrypto should be able to turn FIPS mode on and off
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  [],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_DISABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  '(require("crypto").setFips(true),' +
-  'require("crypto").setFips(false),' +
-  'require("crypto").getFips())',
-  process.env);
+  // setFipsCrypto should be able to turn FIPS mode on and off
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    [],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_DISABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    '(require("crypto").setFips(true),' +
+    'require("crypto").setFips(false),' +
+    'require("crypto").getFips())',
+    process.env);
 
-// setFipsCrypto takes precedence over OpenSSL config file, FIPS on
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  [`--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_OFF}`],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  '(require("crypto").setFips(true),' +
-  'require("crypto").getFips())',
-  process.env);
-
-// setFipsCrypto takes precedence over OpenSSL config file, FIPS off
-testHelper(
-  'stdout',
-  [`--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_ON}`],
-  FIPS_DISABLED,
-  '(require("crypto").setFips(false),' +
-  'require("crypto").getFips())',
-  process.env);
+  // setFipsCrypto takes precedence over OpenSSL config file, FIPS on
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    [`--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_OFF}`],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    '(require("crypto").setFips(true),' +
+    'require("crypto").getFips())',
+    process.env);
 
-// --enable-fips does not prevent use of setFipsCrypto API
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  ['--enable-fips'],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_DISABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  '(require("crypto").setFips(false),' +
-  'require("crypto").getFips())',
-  process.env);
-
-// --force-fips prevents use of setFipsCrypto API
-testHelper(
-  'stderr',
-  ['--force-fips'],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ERROR_STRING2 : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  'require("crypto").setFips(false)',
-  process.env);
+  // setFipsCrypto takes precedence over OpenSSL config file, FIPS off
+  testHelper(
+    'stdout',
+    [`--openssl-config=${CNF_FIPS_ON}`],
+    FIPS_DISABLED,
+    '(require("crypto").setFips(false),' +
+    'require("crypto").getFips())',
+    process.env);
 
-// --force-fips makes setFipsCrypto enable a no-op (FIPS stays on)
-testHelper(
-  testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
-  ['--force-fips'],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  '(require("crypto").setFips(true),' +
-  'require("crypto").getFips())',
-  process.env);
-
-// --force-fips and --enable-fips order does not matter
-testHelper(
-  'stderr',
-  ['--force-fips', '--enable-fips'],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ERROR_STRING2 : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  'require("crypto").setFips(false)',
-  process.env);
+  // --enable-fips does not prevent use of setFipsCrypto API
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    ['--enable-fips'],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_DISABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    '(require("crypto").setFips(false),' +
+    'require("crypto").getFips())',
+    process.env);
 
-// --enable-fips and --force-fips order does not matter
-testHelper(
-  'stderr',
-  ['--enable-fips', '--force-fips'],
-  testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ERROR_STRING2 : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
-  'require("crypto").setFips(false)',
-  process.env);
+  // --force-fips prevents use of setFipsCrypto API
+  testHelper(
+    'stderr',
+    ['--force-fips'],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ERROR_STRING2 : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    'require("crypto").setFips(false)',
+    process.env);
+
+  // --force-fips makes setFipsCrypto enable a no-op (FIPS stays on)
+  testHelper(
+    testFipsCrypto() ? 'stdout' : 'stderr',
+    ['--force-fips'],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ENABLED : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    '(require("crypto").setFips(true),' +
+    'require("crypto").getFips())',
+    process.env);
+
+  // --force-fips and --enable-fips order does not matter
+  testHelper(
+    'stderr',
+    ['--force-fips', '--enable-fips'],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ERROR_STRING2 : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    'require("crypto").setFips(false)',
+    process.env);
+
+  // --enable-fips and --force-fips order does not matter
+  testHelper(
+    'stderr',
+    ['--enable-fips', '--force-fips'],
+    testFipsCrypto() ? FIPS_ERROR_STRING2 : FIPS_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR_STRING,
+    'require("crypto").setFips(false)',
+    process.env);
+}
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-hkdf.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-hkdf.js
index 777f184d6b..ee9f56c87c 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-hkdf.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-hkdf.js
@@ -113,11 +113,14 @@ const {
     });
 }
 
-[
+const algorithms = [
   ['sha256', 'secret', 'salt', 'info', 10],
   ['sha512', 'secret', 'salt', '', 15],
-  ['whirlpool', 'secret', '', 'info', 20],
-].forEach(([ hash, secret, salt, info, length ]) => {
+];
+if (!common.hasOpenSSL3)
+  algorithms.push(['whirlpool', 'secret', '', 'info', 20]);
+
+algorithms.forEach(([ hash, secret, salt, info, length ]) => {
   {
     const syncResult = hkdfSync(hash, secret, salt, info, length);
     assert(syncResult instanceof ArrayBuffer);
@@ -204,7 +207,8 @@ const {
   }
 });
 
-{
+
+if (!common.hasOpenSSL3) {
   const kKnownUnsupported = ['shake128', 'shake256'];
   getHashes()
     .filter((hash) => !kKnownUnsupported.includes(hash))
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-key-objects.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-key-objects.js
index 6ee5334851..871d5da66c 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-key-objects.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-key-objects.js
@@ -292,7 +292,9 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
   // This should not cause a crash: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/25247
   assert.throws(() => {
     createPrivateKey({ key: '' });
-  }, {
+  }, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+    message: 'Failed to read private key',
+  } : {
     message: 'error:0909006C:PEM routines:get_name:no start line',
     code: 'ERR_OSSL_PEM_NO_START_LINE',
     reason: 'no start line',
@@ -500,7 +502,10 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
 
 {
   // Reading an encrypted key without a passphrase should fail.
-  assert.throws(() => createPrivateKey(privateDsa), {
+  assert.throws(() => createPrivateKey(privateDsa), common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+    name: 'Error',
+    message: 'Failed to read private key',
+  } : {
     name: 'TypeError',
     code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
     message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
@@ -512,7 +517,7 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
     key: privateDsa,
     format: 'pem',
     passphrase: Buffer.alloc(1025, 'a')
-  }), {
+  }), common.hasOpenSSL3 ? { name: 'Error' } : {
     code: 'ERR_OSSL_PEM_BAD_PASSWORD_READ',
     name: 'Error'
   });
@@ -524,7 +529,9 @@ const privateDsa = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_encrypted_1025.pem',
     format: 'pem',
     passphrase: Buffer.alloc(1024, 'a')
   }), {
-    message: /bad decrypt/
+    message: common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+      'Failed to read private key' :
+      /bad decrypt/
   });
 
   const publicKey = createPublicKey(publicDsa);
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-keygen.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-keygen.js
index b80b351357..af73d5a6b4 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-keygen.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-keygen.js
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
 
   // Now do the same with an encrypted private key.
   generateKeyPair('rsa', {
-    publicExponent: 0x1001,
+    publicExponent: 0x10001,
     modulusLength: 512,
     publicKeyEncoding,
     privateKeyEncoding: {
@@ -210,11 +210,15 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
 
     // Since the private key is encrypted, signing shouldn't work anymore.
     const publicKey = { key: publicKeyDER, ...publicKeyEncoding };
-    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey), {
+    const expectedError = common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+      name: 'Error',
+      message: 'Failed to read private key'
+    } : {
       name: 'TypeError',
       code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
       message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
-    });
+    };
+    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey), expectedError);
 
     const key = { key: privateKey, passphrase: 'secret' };
     testEncryptDecrypt(publicKey, key);
@@ -342,7 +346,7 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
 
   // Test async DSA key generation.
   generateKeyPair('dsa', {
-    modulusLength: 512,
+    modulusLength: common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 2048 : 512,
     divisorLength: 256,
     publicKeyEncoding: {
       type: 'spki',
@@ -359,8 +363,8 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
     // The private key is DER-encoded.
     assert(Buffer.isBuffer(privateKeyDER));
 
-    assertApproximateSize(publicKey, 440);
-    assertApproximateSize(privateKeyDER, 336);
+    assertApproximateSize(publicKey, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 1194 : 440);
+    assertApproximateSize(privateKeyDER, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 721 : 336);
 
     // Since the private key is encrypted, signing shouldn't work anymore.
     assert.throws(() => {
@@ -382,7 +386,6 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
     });
   }));
 }
-
 {
   // Test async DSA key object generation.
   generateKeyPair('dsa', {
@@ -471,11 +474,14 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
     assert(sec1EncExp('AES-128-CBC').test(privateKey));
 
     // Since the private key is encrypted, signing shouldn't work anymore.
-    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey), {
-      name: 'TypeError',
-      code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
-      message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
-    });
+    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey),
+                  common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+                    message: 'Failed to read private key'
+                  } : {
+                    name: 'TypeError',
+                    code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
+                    message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
+                  });
 
     testSignVerify(publicKey, { key: privateKey, passphrase: 'secret' });
   }));
@@ -501,11 +507,14 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
     assert(sec1EncExp('AES-128-CBC').test(privateKey));
 
     // Since the private key is encrypted, signing shouldn't work anymore.
-    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey), {
-      name: 'TypeError',
-      code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
-      message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
-    });
+    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey),
+                  common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+                    message: 'Failed to read private key'
+                  } : {
+                    name: 'TypeError',
+                    code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
+                    message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
+                  });
 
     testSignVerify(publicKey, { key: privateKey, passphrase: 'secret' });
   }));
@@ -534,11 +543,14 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
     assert(pkcs8EncExp.test(privateKey));
 
     // Since the private key is encrypted, signing shouldn't work anymore.
-    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey), {
-      name: 'TypeError',
-      code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
-      message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
-    });
+    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey),
+                  common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+                    message: 'Failed to read private key'
+                  } : {
+                    name: 'TypeError',
+                    code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
+                    message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
+                  });
 
     testSignVerify(publicKey, {
       key: privateKey,
@@ -568,11 +580,14 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
     assert(pkcs8EncExp.test(privateKey));
 
     // Since the private key is encrypted, signing shouldn't work anymore.
-    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey), {
-      name: 'TypeError',
-      code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
-      message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
-    });
+    assert.throws(() => testSignVerify(publicKey, privateKey),
+                  common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+                    message: 'Failed to read private key'
+                  } : {
+                    name: 'TypeError',
+                    code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE',
+                    message: 'Passphrase required for encrypted key'
+                  });
 
     testSignVerify(publicKey, {
       key: privateKey,
@@ -1246,7 +1261,7 @@ const sec1EncExp = (cipher) => getRegExpForPEM('EC PRIVATE KEY', cipher);
   }
 }
 
-{
+if (!common.hasOpenSSL3) {
   // Passing an empty passphrase string should not cause OpenSSL's default
   // passphrase prompt in the terminal.
   // See https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/35898.
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-padding.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-padding.js
index 909c014bd0..f1f14b4729 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-padding.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-padding.js
@@ -82,12 +82,17 @@ assert.strictEqual(enc(EVEN_LENGTH_PLAIN, true), EVEN_LENGTH_ENCRYPTED);
 assert.throws(function() {
   // Input must have block length %.
   enc(ODD_LENGTH_PLAIN, false);
-}, {
+}, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+  message: 'error:1C80006B:Provider routines::wrong final block length',
+  code: 'ERR_OSSL_WRONG_FINAL_BLOCK_LENGTH',
+  reason: 'wrong final block length',
+} : {
   message: 'error:0607F08A:digital envelope routines:EVP_EncryptFinal_ex:' +
     'data not multiple of block length',
   code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_DATA_NOT_MULTIPLE_OF_BLOCK_LENGTH',
   reason: 'data not multiple of block length',
-});
+}
+);
 
 assert.strictEqual(
   enc(EVEN_LENGTH_PLAIN, false), EVEN_LENGTH_ENCRYPTED_NOPAD
@@ -104,7 +109,11 @@ assert.strictEqual(dec(EVEN_LENGTH_ENCRYPTED, false).length, 48);
 assert.throws(function() {
   // Must have at least 1 byte of padding (PKCS):
   assert.strictEqual(dec(EVEN_LENGTH_ENCRYPTED_NOPAD, true), EVEN_LENGTH_PLAIN);
-}, {
+}, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+  message: 'error:1C800064:Provider routines::bad decrypt',
+  reason: 'bad decrypt',
+  code: 'ERR_OSSL_BAD_DECRYPT',
+} : {
   message: 'error:06065064:digital envelope routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:' +
     'bad decrypt',
   reason: 'bad decrypt',
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-pbkdf2.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pbkdf2.js
index ea0fbab774..260bdd394c 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-pbkdf2.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-pbkdf2.js
@@ -223,9 +223,11 @@ assert.throws(
   }
 );
 
-const kNotPBKDF2Supported = ['shake128', 'shake256'];
-crypto.getHashes()
-  .filter((hash) => !kNotPBKDF2Supported.includes(hash))
-  .forEach((hash) => {
-    runPBKDF2(new Uint8Array(10), 'salt', 8, 8, hash);
-  });
+if (!common.hasOpenSSL3) {
+  const kNotPBKDF2Supported = ['shake128', 'shake256'];
+  crypto.getHashes()
+    .filter((hash) => !kNotPBKDF2Supported.includes(hash))
+    .forEach((hash) => {
+      runPBKDF2(new Uint8Array(10), 'salt', 8, 8, hash);
+    });
+}
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-private-decrypt-gh32240.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-private-decrypt-gh32240.js
index 4b48774145..875888622c 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-private-decrypt-gh32240.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-private-decrypt-gh32240.js
@@ -34,5 +34,7 @@ function decrypt(key) {
 }
 
 decrypt(pkey);
-assert.throws(() => decrypt(pkeyEncrypted), { code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE' });
+assert.throws(() => decrypt(pkeyEncrypted), common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+  { message: 'Failed to read asymmetric key' } :
+  { code: 'ERR_MISSING_PASSPHRASE' });
 decrypt(pkey);  // Should not throw.
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-rsa-dsa.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-rsa-dsa.js
index 04de044be6..94c810fa6f 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-rsa-dsa.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-rsa-dsa.js
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const dsaPkcs8KeyPem = fixtures.readKey('dsa_private_pkcs8.pem');
 
 const ec = new TextEncoder();
 
-const decryptError = {
+const openssl1DecryptError = {
   message: 'error:06065064:digital envelope routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:' +
     'bad decrypt',
   code: 'ERR_OSSL_EVP_BAD_DECRYPT',
@@ -36,6 +36,13 @@ const decryptError = {
   library: 'digital envelope routines',
 };
 
+const decryptError = common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+  { message: 'Failed to read asymmetric key' } : openssl1DecryptError;
+
+const decryptPrivateKeyError = common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+  message: 'Failed to read private key',
+} : openssl1DecryptError;
+
 function getBufferCopy(buf) {
   return buf.buffer.slice(buf.byteOffset, buf.byteOffset + buf.byteLength);
 }
@@ -136,19 +143,25 @@ function getBufferCopy(buf) {
   assert.strictEqual(decryptedBufferWithPassword.toString(), input);
 
   // Now with RSA_NO_PADDING. Plaintext needs to match key size.
-  const plaintext = 'x'.repeat(rsaKeySize / 8);
-  encryptedBuffer = crypto.privateEncrypt({
-    padding: crypto.constants.RSA_NO_PADDING,
-    key: rsaKeyPemEncrypted,
-    passphrase: bufferPassword
-  }, Buffer.from(plaintext));
-
-  decryptedBufferWithPassword = crypto.publicDecrypt({
-    padding: crypto.constants.RSA_NO_PADDING,
-    key: rsaKeyPemEncrypted,
-    passphrase: bufferPassword
-  }, encryptedBuffer);
-  assert.strictEqual(decryptedBufferWithPassword.toString(), plaintext);
+  // OpenSSL 3.x has a rsa_check_padding that will cause an error if
+  // RSA_NO_PADDING is used.
+  if (!common.hasOpenSSL3) {
+    {
+      const plaintext = 'x'.repeat(rsaKeySize / 8);
+      encryptedBuffer = crypto.privateEncrypt({
+        padding: crypto.constants.RSA_NO_PADDING,
+        key: rsaKeyPemEncrypted,
+        passphrase: bufferPassword
+      }, Buffer.from(plaintext));
+
+      decryptedBufferWithPassword = crypto.publicDecrypt({
+        padding: crypto.constants.RSA_NO_PADDING,
+        key: rsaKeyPemEncrypted,
+        passphrase: bufferPassword
+      }, encryptedBuffer);
+      assert.strictEqual(decryptedBufferWithPassword.toString(), plaintext);
+    }
+  }
 
   encryptedBuffer = crypto.publicEncrypt(certPem, bufferToEncrypt);
 
@@ -343,7 +356,7 @@ rsaSign.update(rsaPubPem);
 assert.throws(() => {
   const signOptions = { key: rsaKeyPemEncrypted, passphrase: 'wrong' };
   rsaSign.sign(signOptions, 'hex');
-}, decryptError);
+}, decryptPrivateKeyError);
 
 //
 // Test RSA signing and verification
@@ -442,7 +455,7 @@ const input = 'I AM THE WALRUS';
   sign.update(input);
   assert.throws(() => {
     sign.sign({ key: dsaKeyPemEncrypted, passphrase: 'wrong' }, 'hex');
-  }, decryptError);
+  }, decryptPrivateKeyError);
 }
 
 {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-secure-heap.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-secure-heap.js
index f6bdc3a2d8..fd6a90658d 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-secure-heap.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-secure-heap.js
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ if (process.argv[2] === 'child') {
   assert.strictEqual(a.used, 0);
 
   {
-    const dh1 = createDiffieHellman(common.hasFipsCrypto ? 1024 : 256);
+    const size = common.hasFipsCrypto || common.hasOpenSSL3 ? 1024 : 256;
+    const dh1 = createDiffieHellman(size);
     const p1 = dh1.getPrime('buffer');
     const dh2 = createDiffieHellman(p1, 'buffer');
     const key1 = dh1.generateKeys();
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-sign-verify.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-sign-verify.js
index 8240e3685a..dc90e5b311 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-sign-verify.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-sign-verify.js
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ const keySize = 2048;
       `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
       AAAAAAAAAAAA
       -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`);
-  }, { message: 'bye, bye, library' });
+  }, { message: common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+    'Failed to read private key' :
+    'bye, bye, library' });
 
   delete Object.prototype.library;
 
@@ -63,7 +65,9 @@ const keySize = 2048;
         key: keyPem,
         padding: crypto.constants.RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING
       });
-  }, { message: 'bye, bye, error stack' });
+  }, { message: common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+    'error:1C8000A5:Provider routines::illegal or unsupported padding mode' :
+    'bye, bye, error stack' });
 
   delete Object.prototype.opensslErrorStack;
 }
@@ -339,7 +343,10 @@ assert.throws(
         key: keyPem,
         padding: crypto.constants.RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING
       });
-  }, {
+  }, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+    code: 'ERR_OSSL_ILLEGAL_OR_UNSUPPORTED_PADDING_MODE',
+    message: /illegal or unsupported padding mode/,
+  } : {
     code: 'ERR_OSSL_RSA_ILLEGAL_OR_UNSUPPORTED_PADDING_MODE',
     message: /illegal or unsupported padding mode/,
     opensslErrorStack: [
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-stream.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-stream.js
index 2d005c89db..008ab129f0 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-stream.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-stream.js
@@ -71,7 +71,11 @@ const cipher = crypto.createCipheriv('aes-128-cbc', key, iv);
 const decipher = crypto.createDecipheriv('aes-128-cbc', badkey, iv);
 
 cipher.pipe(decipher)
-  .on('error', common.expectsError({
+  .on('error', common.expectsError(common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+    message: /bad decrypt/,
+    library: 'Provider routines',
+    reason: 'bad decrypt',
+  } : {
     message: /bad decrypt/,
     function: 'EVP_DecryptFinal_ex',
     library: 'digital envelope routines',
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto-x509.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto-x509.js
index d768a1b9c5..0915cb61fd 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto-x509.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto-x509.js
@@ -46,9 +46,10 @@ OU=Node.js
 CN=ca1
 emailAddress=ry@tinyclouds.org`;
 
-const infoAccessCheck = `OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.nodejs.org/
-CA Issuers - URI:http://ca.nodejs.org/ca.cert
-`;
+let infoAccessCheck = `OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.nodejs.org/
+CA Issuers - URI:http://ca.nodejs.org/ca.cert`;
+if (!common.hasOpenSSL3)
+  infoAccessCheck += '\n';
 
 const der = Buffer.from(
   '308202d830820241a003020102020900ecc9b856270da9a830' +
@@ -207,8 +208,11 @@ const der = Buffer.from(
       'CN=ca1\n' +
       'emailAddress=ry@tinyclouds.org',
     infoAccess:
-      'OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.nodejs.org/\n' +
-      'CA Issuers - URI:http://ca.nodejs.org/ca.cert\n',
+      common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+        'OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.nodejs.org/\n' +
+        'CA Issuers - URI:http://ca.nodejs.org/ca.cert' :
+        'OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.nodejs.org/\n' +
+        'CA Issuers - URI:http://ca.nodejs.org/ca.cert\n',
     modulus: 'EF5440701637E28ABB038E5641F828D834C342A9D25EDBB86A2BF' +
              '6FBD809CB8E037A98B71708E001242E4DEB54C6164885F599DD87' +
              'A23215745955BE20417E33C4D0D1B80C9DA3DE419A2607195D2FB' +
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-crypto.js b/test/parallel/test-crypto.js
index 6b72dbd21c..623320fb19 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-crypto.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-crypto.js
@@ -216,8 +216,13 @@ assert.throws(() => {
   ].join('\n');
   crypto.createSign('SHA256').update('test').sign(priv);
 }, (err) => {
-  assert.ok(!('opensslErrorStack' in err));
-  assert.throws(() => { throw err; }, {
+  if (!common.hasOpenSSL3)
+    assert.ok(!('opensslErrorStack' in err));
+  assert.throws(() => { throw err; }, common.hasOpenSSL3 ? {
+    name: 'Error',
+    message: 'error:02000070:rsa routines::digest too big for rsa key',
+    library: 'rsa routines',
+  } : {
     name: 'Error',
     message: /routines:RSA_sign:digest too big for rsa key$/,
     library: 'rsa routines',
@@ -228,30 +233,33 @@ assert.throws(() => {
   return true;
 });
 
-assert.throws(() => {
-  // The correct header inside `rsa_private_pkcs8_bad.pem` should have been
-  // -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- and -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
-  // instead of
-  // -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- and -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-  const sha1_privateKey = fixtures.readKey('rsa_private_pkcs8_bad.pem',
-                                           'ascii');
-  // This would inject errors onto OpenSSL's error stack
-  crypto.createSign('sha1').sign(sha1_privateKey);
-}, (err) => {
-  // Do the standard checks, but then do some custom checks afterwards.
-  assert.throws(() => { throw err; }, {
-    message: 'error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:asn1_check_tlen:wrong tag',
-    library: 'asn1 encoding routines',
-    function: 'asn1_check_tlen',
-    reason: 'wrong tag',
-    code: 'ERR_OSSL_ASN1_WRONG_TAG',
+if (!common.hasOpenSSL3) {
+  assert.throws(() => {
+    // The correct header inside `rsa_private_pkcs8_bad.pem` should have been
+    // -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- and -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+    // instead of
+    // -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- and -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+    const sha1_privateKey = fixtures.readKey('rsa_private_pkcs8_bad.pem',
+                                             'ascii');
+    // This would inject errors onto OpenSSL's error stack
+    crypto.createSign('sha1').sign(sha1_privateKey);
+  }, (err) => {
+    // Do the standard checks, but then do some custom checks afterwards.
+    assert.throws(() => { throw err; }, {
+      message: 'error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:asn1_check_tlen:' +
+               'wrong tag',
+      library: 'asn1 encoding routines',
+      function: 'asn1_check_tlen',
+      reason: 'wrong tag',
+      code: 'ERR_OSSL_ASN1_WRONG_TAG',
+    });
+    // Throws crypto error, so there is an opensslErrorStack property.
+    // The openSSL stack should have content.
+    assert(Array.isArray(err.opensslErrorStack));
+    assert(err.opensslErrorStack.length > 0);
+    return true;
   });
-  // Throws crypto error, so there is an opensslErrorStack property.
-  // The openSSL stack should have content.
-  assert(Array.isArray(err.opensslErrorStack));
-  assert(err.opensslErrorStack.length > 0);
-  return true;
-});
+}
 
 // Make sure memory isn't released before being returned
 console.log(crypto.randomBytes(16));
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-https-agent-additional-options.js b/test/parallel/test-https-agent-additional-options.js
index 2b5446b9e3..c92b17641d 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-https-agent-additional-options.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-https-agent-additional-options.js
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const options = {
   cert: fixtures.readKey('agent1-cert.pem'),
   ca: fixtures.readKey('ca1-cert.pem'),
   minVersion: 'TLSv1.1',
+  ciphers: 'ALL@SECLEVEL=0'
 };
 
 const server = https.Server(options, (req, res) => {
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ function getBaseOptions(port) {
     ca: options.ca,
     rejectUnauthorized: true,
     servername: 'agent1',
+    ciphers: 'ALL@SECLEVEL=0'
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-https-agent-session-eviction.js b/test/parallel/test-https-agent-session-eviction.js
index 3f5cd36e8b..940c43cc40 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-https-agent-session-eviction.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-https-agent-session-eviction.js
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ const { SSL_OP_NO_TICKET } = require('crypto').constants;
 const options = {
   key: readKey('agent1-key.pem'),
   cert: readKey('agent1-cert.pem'),
-  secureOptions: SSL_OP_NO_TICKET
+  secureOptions: SSL_OP_NO_TICKET,
+  ciphers: 'RSA@SECLEVEL=0'
 };
 
 // Create TLS1.2 server
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-process-versions.js b/test/parallel/test-process-versions.js
index 788c380449..666c8ead3b 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-process-versions.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-process-versions.js
@@ -35,7 +35,13 @@ assert(/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+(?:\.\d+)?-node\.\d+(?: \(candidate\))?$/
 assert(/^\d+$/.test(process.versions.modules));
 
 if (common.hasCrypto) {
-  assert(/^\d+\.\d+\.\d+[a-z]?(\+quic)?(-fips)?$/.test(process.versions.openssl));
+  const versionRegex = common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+    // The following also matches a development version of OpenSSL 3.x which
+    // can be in the format '3.0.0-alpha4-dev'. This can be handy when building
+    // and linking against the main development branch of OpenSSL.
+    /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+(-[-a-z0-9]+)?$/ :
+    /^\d+\.\d+\.\d+[a-z]?(\+quic)?(-fips)?$/;
+  assert(versionRegex.test(process.versions.openssl));
 }
 
 for (let i = 0; i < expected_keys.length; i++) {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-alert-handling.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-alert-handling.js
index f9f42e2d51..bd86149bc5 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-alert-handling.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-alert-handling.js
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ let iter = 0;
 const errorHandler = common.mustCall((err) => {
   assert.strictEqual(err.code, 'ERR_SSL_WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER');
   assert.strictEqual(err.library, 'SSL routines');
-  assert.strictEqual(err.function, 'ssl3_get_record');
+  if (!common.hasOpenSSL3) assert.strictEqual(err.function, 'ssl3_get_record');
   assert.strictEqual(err.reason, 'wrong version number');
   errorReceived = true;
   if (canCloseServer())
@@ -89,7 +89,8 @@ function sendBADTLSRecord() {
   client.on('error', common.mustCall((err) => {
     assert.strictEqual(err.code, 'ERR_SSL_TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION');
     assert.strictEqual(err.library, 'SSL routines');
-    assert.strictEqual(err.function, 'ssl3_read_bytes');
+    if (!common.hasOpenSSL3)
+      assert.strictEqual(err.function, 'ssl3_read_bytes');
     assert.strictEqual(err.reason, 'tlsv1 alert protocol version');
   }));
 }
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-cert-ext-encoding.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-cert-ext-encoding.js
index d4b89473dc..4556b57918 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-cert-ext-encoding.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-cert-ext-encoding.js
@@ -3,6 +3,16 @@ const common = require('../common');
 if (!common.hasCrypto)
   common.skip('missing crypto');
 
+if (common.hasOpenSSL3)
+  // TODO(danbev) This test fails with the following error:
+  // error:0D00008F:asn1 encoding routines::no matching choice type
+  //
+  // I've not been able to figure out the reason for this but there
+  // is a note in https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/OpenSSL_3.0 which
+  // indicates that this might not work at the moment:
+  // "OCSP, PEM, ASN.1 have some very limited library context support"
+  common.skip('when using OpenSSL 3.x');
+
 // NOTE: This certificate is hand-generated, hence it is not located in
 // `test/fixtures/keys` to avoid confusion.
 //
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-client-renegotiation-13.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-client-renegotiation-13.js
index 075eb70e91..a32baed024 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-client-renegotiation-13.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-client-renegotiation-13.js
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ connect({
 
   const ok = client.renegotiate({}, common.mustCall((err) => {
     assert.throws(() => { throw err; }, {
-      message: 'error:1420410A:SSL routines:SSL_renegotiate:wrong ssl version',
+      message: common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+        'error:0A00010A:SSL routines::wrong ssl version' :
+        'error:1420410A:SSL routines:SSL_renegotiate:wrong ssl version',
       code: 'ERR_SSL_WRONG_SSL_VERSION',
       library: 'SSL routines',
       reason: 'wrong ssl version',
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-getprotocol.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-getprotocol.js
index a76ff0f344..e4a16a818b 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-getprotocol.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-getprotocol.js
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ const clientConfigs = [
 
 const serverConfig = {
   secureProtocol: 'TLS_method',
+  ciphers: 'RSA@SECLEVEL=0',
   key: fixtures.readKey('agent2-key.pem'),
   cert: fixtures.readKey('agent2-cert.pem')
 };
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-key-mismatch.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-key-mismatch.js
index b0c8affade..fdbb367626 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-key-mismatch.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-key-mismatch.js
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ const fixtures = require('../common/fixtures');
 
 const assert = require('assert');
 const tls = require('tls');
-const errorMessageRegex =
+const errorMessageRegex = common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+  /^Error: error:05800074:x509 certificate routines::key values mismatch$/ :
   /^Error: error:0B080074:x509 certificate routines:X509_check_private_key:key values mismatch$/;
 
 const options = {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-min-max-version.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-min-max-version.js
index 7ef0f12426..8dbef1fa37 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-min-max-version.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-min-max-version.js
@@ -14,6 +14,14 @@ const DEFAULT_MAX_VERSION = tls.DEFAULT_MAX_VERSION;
 
 function test(cmin, cmax, cprot, smin, smax, sprot, proto, cerr, serr) {
   assert(proto || cerr || serr, 'test missing any expectations');
+
+  let ciphers;
+  if (common.hasOpenSSL3 && (proto === 'TLSv1' || proto === 'TLSv1.1' ||
+      proto === 'TLSv1_1_method' || proto === 'TLSv1_method' ||
+      sprot === 'TLSv1_1_method' || sprot === 'TLSv1_method')) {
+    if (serr !== 'ERR_SSL_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL')
+      ciphers = 'ALL@SECLEVEL=0';
+  }
   // Report where test was called from. Strip leading garbage from
   //     at Object.<anonymous> (file:line)
   // from the stack location, we only want the file:line part.
@@ -25,6 +33,7 @@ function test(cmin, cmax, cprot, smin, smax, sprot, proto, cerr, serr) {
       minVersion: cmin,
       maxVersion: cmax,
       secureProtocol: cprot,
+      ciphers: ciphers
     },
     server: {
       cert: keys.agent6.cert,
@@ -32,11 +41,12 @@ function test(cmin, cmax, cprot, smin, smax, sprot, proto, cerr, serr) {
       minVersion: smin,
       maxVersion: smax,
       secureProtocol: sprot,
+      ciphers: ciphers
     },
   }, common.mustCall((err, pair, cleanup) => {
     function u(_) { return _ === undefined ? 'U' : _; }
     console.log('test:', u(cmin), u(cmax), u(cprot), u(smin), u(smax), u(sprot),
-                'expect', u(proto), u(cerr), u(serr));
+                u(ciphers), 'expect', u(proto), u(cerr), u(serr));
     console.log('  ', where);
     if (!proto) {
       console.log('client', pair.client.err ? pair.client.err.code : undefined);
@@ -109,16 +119,19 @@ test(U, U, 'TLS_method', U, U, 'TLSv1_method', 'TLSv1');
 // minimum (which is configurable via command line).
 if (DEFAULT_MIN_VERSION === 'TLSv1.3') {
   test(U, U, 'TLSv1_2_method', U, U, 'SSLv23_method',
-       U, 'ECONNRESET', 'ERR_SSL_INTERNAL_ERROR');
+       U, 'ECONNRESET', common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+         'ERR_SSL_NO_PROTOCOLS_AVAILABLE' : 'ERR_SSL_INTERNAL_ERROR');
 } else {
   test(U, U, 'TLSv1_2_method', U, U, 'SSLv23_method', 'TLSv1.2');
 }
 
 if (DEFAULT_MIN_VERSION === 'TLSv1.3') {
   test(U, U, 'TLSv1_1_method', U, U, 'SSLv23_method',
-       U, 'ECONNRESET', 'ERR_SSL_INTERNAL_ERROR');
+       U, 'ECONNRESET', common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+         'ERR_SSL_NO_PROTOCOLS_AVAILABLE' : 'ERR_SSL_INTERNAL_ERROR');
   test(U, U, 'TLSv1_method', U, U, 'SSLv23_method',
-       U, 'ECONNRESET', 'ERR_SSL_INTERNAL_ERROR');
+       U, 'ECONNRESET', common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+         'ERR_SSL_NO_PROTOCOLS_AVAILABLE' : 'ERR_SSL_INTERNAL_ERROR');
   test(U, U, 'SSLv23_method', U, U, 'TLSv1_1_method',
        U, 'ERR_SSL_NO_PROTOCOLS_AVAILABLE', 'ERR_SSL_UNEXPECTED_MESSAGE');
   test(U, U, 'SSLv23_method', U, U, 'TLSv1_method',
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-passphrase.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-passphrase.js
index c3a99c3eb3..610bbefe46 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-passphrase.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-passphrase.js
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@ server.listen(0, common.mustCall(function() {
   }, onSecureConnect());
 })).unref();
 
-const errMessagePassword = /bad decrypt/;
+const errMessagePassword = common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+  /processing error/ : /bad decrypt/;
 
 // Missing passphrase
 assert.throws(function() {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-session-cache.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-session-cache.js
index 2be093a4f5..92d39f763f 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-session-cache.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-session-cache.js
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ function doTest(testOptions, callback) {
     requestCert: true,
     rejectUnauthorized: false,
     secureProtocol: 'TLS_method',
+    ciphers: 'RSA@SECLEVEL=0'
   };
   let requestCount = 0;
   let resumeCount = 0;
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-set-secure-context.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-set-secure-context.js
index f72daff6ef..1e2abffa98 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-set-secure-context.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-set-secure-context.js
@@ -53,9 +53,12 @@ server.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
 
     server.setSecureContext(credentialOptions[1]);
     firstResponse.write('request-');
+    const errorMessageRegex = common.hasOpenSSL3 ?
+      /^Error: self-signed certificate$/ :
+      /^Error: self signed certificate$/;
     await assert.rejects(async () => {
       await makeRequest(port, 3);
-    }, /^Error: self signed certificate$/);
+    }, errorMessageRegex);
 
     server.setSecureContext(credentialOptions[0]);
     assert.strictEqual(await makeRequest(port, 4), 'success');
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ server.listen(0, common.mustCall(() => {
     firstResponse.end('fun!');
     await assert.rejects(async () => {
       await makeRequest(port, 5);
-    }, /^Error: self signed certificate$/);
+    }, errorMessageRegex);
 
     assert.strictEqual(await firstRequest, 'multi-request-success-fun!');
     server.close();
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-tls-write-error.js b/test/parallel/test-tls-write-error.js
index 2783e62d06..776fe65c72 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-tls-write-error.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-tls-write-error.js
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ const server_cert = fixtures.readKey('agent1-cert.pem');
 
 const opts = {
   key: server_key,
-  cert: server_cert
+  cert: server_cert,
+  ciphers: 'ALL@SECLEVEL=0'
 };
 
 const server = https.createServer(opts, (req, res) => {