summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/tests/tests.c
blob: d2554f968f7e696649e701404533d207b95b0280 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
/* Miscellaneous support for test programs.

Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Contributed by the Arenaire and Cacao projects, INRIA.

This file is part of the GNU MPFR Library.

The GNU MPFR Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.

The GNU MPFR Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with the GNU MPFR Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston,
MA 02110-1301, USA. */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# if HAVE_CONFIG_H
#  include "config.h"     /* for a build within gmp */
# endif
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <errno.h>

#ifdef HAVE_LOCALE_H
#include <locale.h>
#endif

#ifdef TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
# include <sys/time.h>  /* for struct timeval */
# include <time.h>
#elif defined HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#  include <sys/time.h>
#else
#  include <time.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FPU_H
# include <sys/fpu.h>
#endif

#ifdef MPFR_TESTS_TIMEOUT
#include <sys/resource.h>
#endif

#include "mpfr-test.h"

#ifdef MPFR_FPU_PREC
/* This option allows to test MPFR on x86 processors when the FPU
 * rounding precision has been changed. As MPFR is a library, this can
 * occur in practice, either by the calling software or by some other
 * library or plug-in used by the calling software. This option is
 * mainly for developers. If it is used, then the <fpu_control.h>
 * header is assumed to exist and work like under Linux/x86. MPFR does
 * not need to be recompiled. So, a possible usage is the following:
 *
 *   cd tests
 *   make clean
 *   make check CFLAGS="-g -O2 -ffloat-store -DMPFR_FPU_PREC=_FPU_SINGLE"
 *
 * i.e. just add -DMPFR_FPU_PREC=... to the CFLAGS found in Makefile.
 *
 * Notes:
 *   + SSE2 (used to implement double's on x86_64, and possibly on x86
 *     too, depending on the compiler configuration and flags) is not
 *     affected by the dynamic precision.
 *   + When the FPU is set to single precision, the behavior of MPFR
 *     functions that have a native floating-point type (float, double,
 *     long double) as argument or return value is not guaranteed.
 */

#include <fpu_control.h>

static void
set_fpu_prec (void)
{
  fpu_control_t cw;

  _FPU_GETCW(cw);
  cw &= ~(_FPU_EXTENDED|_FPU_DOUBLE|_FPU_SINGLE);
  cw |= (MPFR_FPU_PREC);
  _FPU_SETCW(cw);
}

#endif

static mp_exp_t default_emin, default_emax;

static void tests_rand_start (void);
static void tests_rand_end   (void);
static void tests_limit_start (void);

/* We want to always import the function mpfr_dump inside the test
   suite, so that we can use it in GDB. But it doesn't work if we build
   a Windows DLL (initializer element is not a constant) */
#if !__GMP_LIBGMP_DLL
extern void (*dummy_func) (mpfr_srcptr);
void (*dummy_func)(mpfr_srcptr) = mpfr_dump;
#endif

void
test_version (void)
{
  const char *version;

  /* VL: I get the following error on an OpenSUSE machine, and changing
     the value of shlibpath_overrides_runpath in the libtool file from
     'no' to 'yes' fixes the problem. */

  version = mpfr_get_version ();
  if (strcmp (MPFR_VERSION_STRING, version) == 0)
    return;

  printf ("Incorrect MPFR version! (%s header vs %s library)\n"
          "Nothing else has been tested since for this reason,\n"
          "any other test may fail. Please fix this one first.\n\n"
          "You can try to avoid this problem by changing the value of\n"
          "shlibpath_overrides_runpath in the libtool file and rebuild\n"
          "MPFR (make clean && make && make check).\n"
          "Otherwise this error may be due to a corrupted mpfr.h, an\n"
          "incomplete build (try to rebuild MPFR from scratch and/or\n"
          "use 'make clean'), or something wrong in the system.\n",
          MPFR_VERSION_STRING, version);
  exit (1);
}

void
tests_start_mpfr (void)
{
  test_version ();

  /* don't buffer, so output is not lost if a test causes a segv etc */
  setbuf (stdout, NULL);

#if defined HAVE_LOCALE_H && defined HAVE_SETLOCALE
  /* Added on 2005-07-09. This allows to test MPFR under various
     locales. New bugs will probably be found, in particular with
     LC_ALL="tr_TR.ISO8859-9" because of the i/I character... */
  setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
#endif

#ifdef MPFR_FPU_PREC
  set_fpu_prec ();
#endif

  tests_memory_start ();
  tests_rand_start ();
  tests_limit_start ();

  default_emin = mpfr_get_emin ();
  default_emax = mpfr_get_emax ();
}

void
tests_end_mpfr (void)
{
  int err = 0;

  if (mpfr_get_emin () != default_emin)
    {
      printf ("Default emin value has not been restored!\n");
      err = 1;
    }

  if (mpfr_get_emax () != default_emax)
    {
      printf ("Default emax value has not been restored!\n");
      err = 1;
    }

  mpfr_free_cache ();
  tests_rand_end ();
  tests_memory_end ();

  if (err)
    exit (err);
}

static void
tests_limit_start (void)
{
#ifdef MPFR_TESTS_TIMEOUT
  struct rlimit rlim[1];
  char *timeoutp;
  int timeout;

  timeoutp = getenv ("MPFR_TESTS_TIMEOUT");
  timeout = timeoutp != NULL ? atoi (timeoutp) : MPFR_TESTS_TIMEOUT;
  if (timeout > 0)
    {
      /* We need to call getrlimit first to initialize rlim_max to
         an acceptable value for setrlimit. When enabled, timeouts
         are regarded as important: we don't want to take too much
         CPU time on machines shared with other users. So, if we
         can't set the timeout, we exit immediately. */
      if (getrlimit (RLIMIT_CPU, rlim))
        {
          printf ("Error: getrlimit failed\n");
          exit (1);
        }
      rlim->rlim_cur = timeout;
      if (setrlimit (RLIMIT_CPU, rlim))
        {
          printf ("Error: setrlimit failed\n");
          exit (1);
        }
    }
#endif
}

static void
tests_rand_start (void)
{
  gmp_randstate_ptr  rands;
  char           *perform_seed;
  unsigned long  seed;

  if (__gmp_rands_initialized)
    {
      printf (
        "Please let tests_start() initialize the global __gmp_rands, i.e.\n"
        "ensure that function is called before the first use of RANDS.\n");
      exit (1);
    }

  gmp_randinit_default (__gmp_rands);
  __gmp_rands_initialized = 1;
  rands = __gmp_rands;

  perform_seed = getenv ("GMP_CHECK_RANDOMIZE");
  if (perform_seed != NULL)
    {
      seed = atoi (perform_seed);
      if (! (seed == 0 || seed == 1))
        {
          printf ("Re-seeding with GMP_CHECK_RANDOMIZE=%lu\n", seed);
          gmp_randseed_ui (rands, seed);
        }
      else
        {
#ifdef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
          struct timeval  tv;
          gettimeofday (&tv, NULL);
          seed = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec;
#else
          time_t  tv;
          time (&tv);
          seed = tv;
#endif
          gmp_randseed_ui (rands, seed);
          printf ("Seed GMP_CHECK_RANDOMIZE=%lu "
                  "(include this in bug reports)\n", seed);
        }
    }
  else
      gmp_randseed_ui (rands, 0x2143FEDC);
}

static void
tests_rand_end (void)
{
  RANDS_CLEAR ();
}

/* initialization function for tests using the hardware floats
   Not very useful now. */
void
mpfr_test_init ()
{
  double d;
#ifdef HAVE_FPC_CSR
  /* to get denormalized numbers on IRIX64 */
  union fpc_csr exp;

  exp.fc_word = get_fpc_csr();
  exp.fc_struct.flush = 0;
  set_fpc_csr(exp.fc_word);
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_DENORMS
  d = DBL_MIN;
  if (2.0 * (d / 2.0) != d)
    {
      printf ("Error: HAVE_DENORMS defined, but no subnormals.\n");
      exit (1);
    }
#endif

  /* generate DBL_EPSILON with a loop to avoid that the compiler
     optimizes the code below in non-IEEE 754 mode, deciding that
     c = d is always false. */
#if 0
  for (eps = 1.0; eps != DBL_EPSILON; eps /= 2.0);
  c = 1.0 + eps;
  d = eps * (1.0 - eps) / 2.0;
  d += c;
  if (c != d)
    {
      printf ("Warning: IEEE 754 standard not fully supported\n"
              "         (maybe extended precision not disabled)\n"
              "         Some tests may fail\n");
    }
#endif
}


/* generate a random limb */
mp_limb_t
randlimb (void)
{
  mp_limb_t limb;

  _gmp_rand (&limb, RANDS, BITS_PER_MP_LIMB);
  return limb;
}

/* returns ulp(x) for x a 'normal' double-precision number */
double
Ulp (double x)
{
   double y, eps;

   if (x < 0) x = -x;

   y = x * 2.220446049250313080847263336181640625e-16 ; /* x / 2^52 */

   /* as ulp(x) <= y = x/2^52 < 2*ulp(x),
   we have x + ulp(x) <= x + y <= x + 2*ulp(x),
   therefore o(x + y) = x + ulp(x) or x + 2*ulp(x) */

   eps =  x + y;
   eps = eps - x; /* ulp(x) or 2*ulp(x) */

   return (eps > y) ? 0.5 * eps : eps;
}

/* returns the number of ulp's between a and b,
   where a and b can be any floating-point number, except NaN
 */
int
ulp (double a, double b)
{
  double twoa;

  if (a == b) return 0; /* also deals with a=b=inf or -inf */

  twoa = a + a;
  if (twoa == a) /* a is +/-0.0 or +/-Inf */
    return ((b < a) ? INT_MAX : -INT_MAX);

  return (int) ((a - b) / Ulp (a));
}

/* return double m*2^e */
double
dbl (double m, int e)
{
  if (e >=0 )
    while (e-- > 0)
      m *= 2.0;
  else
    while (e++ < 0)
      m /= 2.0;
  return m;
}

int
Isnan (double d)
{
  return (d) != (d);
}

void
d_trace (const char *name, double d)
{
  union {
    double         d;
    unsigned char  b[sizeof(double)];
  } u;
  int  i;

  if (name != NULL && name[0] != '\0')
    printf ("%s=", name);

  u.d = d;
  printf ("[");
  for (i = 0; i < (int) sizeof (u.b); i++)
    {
      if (i != 0)
        printf (" ");
      printf ("%02X", (int) u.b[i]);
    }
  printf ("] %.20g\n", d);
}

void
ld_trace (const char *name, long double ld)
{
  union {
    long double    ld;
    unsigned char  b[sizeof(long double)];
  } u;
  int  i;

  if (name != NULL && name[0] != '\0')
    printf ("%s=", name);

  u.ld = ld;
  printf ("[");
  for (i = 0; i < (int) sizeof (u.b); i++)
    {
      if (i != 0)
        printf (" ");
      printf ("%02X", (int) u.b[i]);
    }
  printf ("] %.20Lg\n", ld);
}

/* Open a file in the src directory - can't use fopen directly */
FILE *
src_fopen (const char *filename, const char *mode)
{
  const char *srcdir = getenv ("srcdir");
  char *buffer;
  FILE *f;

  if (srcdir == NULL)
    return fopen (filename, mode);
  buffer =
    (char*) (*__gmp_allocate_func) (strlen (filename) + strlen (srcdir) + 2);
  if (buffer == NULL)
    {
      printf ("src_fopen: failed to alloc memory)\n");
      exit (1);
    }
  sprintf (buffer, "%s/%s", srcdir, filename);
  f = fopen (buffer, mode);
  (*__gmp_free_func) (buffer, strlen (filename) + strlen (srcdir) + 2);
  return f;
}

void
set_emin (mp_exp_t exponent)
{
  if (mpfr_set_emin (exponent))
    {
      printf ("set_emin: setting emin to %ld failed\n", (long int) exponent);
      exit (1);
    }
}

void
set_emax (mp_exp_t exponent)
{
  if (mpfr_set_emax (exponent))
    {
      printf ("set_emax: setting emax to %ld failed\n", (long int) exponent);
      exit (1);
    }
}

/* pos is 512 times the proportion of negative numbers.
   If pos=256, half of the numbers are negative.
   If pos=0, all generated numbers are positive.
*/
void
tests_default_random (mpfr_ptr x, int pos, mp_exp_t emin, mp_exp_t emax)
{
  MPFR_ASSERTN (emin <= emax);
  MPFR_ASSERTN (emin >= MPFR_EMIN_MIN);
  MPFR_ASSERTN (emax <= MPFR_EMAX_MAX);
  /* but it isn't required that emin and emax are in the current
     exponent range (see below), so that underflow/overflow checks
     can be done on 64-bit machines. */

  mpfr_urandomb (x, RANDS);
  if (MPFR_IS_PURE_FP (x) && (emin >= 1 || (randlimb () & 1)))
    {
      mp_exp_t e;
      e = MPFR_GET_EXP (x) +
        (emin + (long) (randlimb () % (emax - emin + 1)));
      /* Note: There should be no overflow here because both terms are
         between MPFR_EMIN_MIN and MPFR_EMAX_MAX, but the sum e isn't
         necessarily between MPFR_EMIN_MIN and MPFR_EMAX_MAX. */
      if (mpfr_set_exp (x, e))
        {
          /* The random number doesn't fit in the current exponent range.
             In this case, test the function in the extended exponent range,
             which should be restored by the caller. */
          mpfr_set_emin (MPFR_EMIN_MIN);
          mpfr_set_emax (MPFR_EMAX_MAX);
          mpfr_set_exp (x, e);
        }
    }
  if (randlimb () % 512 < pos)
    mpfr_neg (x, x, GMP_RNDN);
}

/* The test_one argument is a boolean. If it is true, then the function
   is tested in only one rounding mode (the one provided in rnd) and the
   variable rndnext is not used (due to the break). If it is false, then
   the function is tested in the 4 rounding modes, and rnd must initially
   be GMP_RNDZ; thus rndnext will be initialized in the first iteration.
   gcc may give a warning about rndnext, but this is an easy and correct
   way to implement a simple queue for the rounding modes.
   As examples of use, see the calls to test4rm from the data_check and
   bad_cases functions. */
static void
test4rm (int (*fct) (FLIST), mpfr_srcptr x, mpfr_ptr y, mpfr_ptr z,
         mp_rnd_t rnd, int test_one, char *name)
{
  mp_prec_t yprec = MPFR_PREC (y);
  mp_rnd_t rndnext = GMP_RND_MAX;  /* means uninitialized */

  MPFR_ASSERTN (test_one || rnd == GMP_RNDZ);
  mpfr_set_prec (z, yprec);
  while (1)
    {
      MPFR_ASSERTN (rnd != GMP_RND_MAX);
      fct (z, x, rnd);
      if (! mpfr_equal_p (y, z))
        {
          printf ("Error for %s with xprec=%lu, yprec=%lu, rnd=%s\nx = ",
                  name, (unsigned long) MPFR_PREC (x), (unsigned long) yprec,
                  mpfr_print_rnd_mode (rnd));
          mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 0, x, GMP_RNDN);
          printf ("\nexpected ");
          mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 0, y, GMP_RNDN);
          printf ("\ngot      ");
          mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 0, z, GMP_RNDN);
          printf ("\n");
          exit (1);
        }
      if (test_one || rnd == GMP_RNDN)
        break;
      if (rnd == GMP_RNDZ)
        {
          if (MPFR_IS_NEG (y))
            {
              rnd = GMP_RNDU;
              rndnext = GMP_RNDD;
            }
          else
            {
              rnd = GMP_RNDD;
              rndnext = GMP_RNDU;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          rnd = rndnext;
          if (rndnext != GMP_RNDN)
            {
              rndnext = GMP_RNDN;
              mpfr_nexttoinf (y);
            }
          else
            {
              if (yprec == MPFR_PREC_MIN)
                break;
              mpfr_prec_round (y, --yprec, GMP_RNDZ);
              mpfr_set_prec (z, yprec);
            }
        }
    }
}

/* Check data in file f for function foo, with name 'name'.
   Each line consists of the file f one:

   xprec yprec rnd x y

   where:

   xprec is the input precision
   yprec is the output precision
   rnd is the rounding mode (n, z, u, d, Z)
   x is the input (hexadecimal format)
   y is the expected output (hexadecimal format) for foo(x) with rounding rnd

   If rnd is Z, y is the expected output in round-towards-zero, and the
   three directed rounding modes are tested, then the round-to-nearest
   mode is tested in precision yprec-1. This is useful for worst cases,
   where yprec is the minimum value such that one has a worst case in a
   directed rounding mode.
 */
void
data_check (char *f, int (*foo) (FLIST), char *name)
{
  FILE *fp;
  mp_prec_t xprec, yprec;
  mpfr_t x, y, z;
  mp_rnd_t rnd;
  char r;
  int c;

  fp = fopen (f, "r");
  if (fp == NULL)
    {
      char *v = (char *) MPFR_VERSION_STRING;

      /* In the '-dev' versions, assume that the data file exists and
         return an error if the file cannot be opened to make sure
         that such failures are detected. */
      while (*v != '\0')
        v++;
      if (v[-4] == '-' && v[-3] == 'd' && v[-2] == 'e' && v[-1] == 'v')
        {
          printf ("Error: unable to open file '%s'\n", f);
          exit (1);
        }
      else
        return;
    }

  mpfr_init (x);
  mpfr_init (y);
  mpfr_init (z);

  while (!feof (fp))
    {
      /* skip whitespace, for consistency */
      if (fscanf (fp, " ") == EOF)
        {
          if (ferror (fp))
            {
              perror ("data_check");
              exit (1);
            }
          else
            break;  /* end of file */
        }

      if ((c = getc (fp)) == EOF)
        {
          if (ferror (fp))
            {
              perror ("data_check");
              exit (1);
            }
          else
            break;  /* end of file */
        }

      if (c == '#') /* comment: read entire line */
        {
          do
            {
              c = getc (fp);
            }
          while (!feof (fp) && c != '\n');
        }
      else
        {
          ungetc (c, fp);

          c = fscanf (fp, "%lu %lu %c", &xprec, &yprec, &r);
          if (c == EOF)
            {
              perror ("data_check");
              exit (1);
            }
          else if (c != 3)
            {
              printf ("Error: corrupted line in file '%s'\n", f);
              exit (1);
            }

          switch (r)
            {
            case 'n':
              rnd = GMP_RNDN;
              break;
            case 'z': case 'Z':
              rnd = GMP_RNDZ;
              break;
            case 'u':
              rnd = GMP_RNDU;
              break;
            case 'd':
              rnd = GMP_RNDD;
              break;
            default:
              printf ("Error: unexpected rounding mode"
                      " in file '%s': %c\n", f, (int) r);
              exit (1);
            }
          mpfr_set_prec (x, xprec);
          mpfr_set_prec (y, yprec);
          if (mpfr_inp_str (x, fp, 0, GMP_RNDN) == 0)
            {
              printf ("Error: corrupted argument in file '%s'\n", f);
              exit (1);
            }
          if (mpfr_inp_str (y, fp, 0, GMP_RNDN) == 0)
            {
              printf ("Error: corrupted result in file '%s'\n", f);
              exit (1);
            }
          if (getc (fp) != '\n')
            {
              printf ("Error: result not followed by \\n in file '%s'\n", f);
              exit (1);
            }
          /* Skip whitespace, in particular at the end of the file. */
          if (fscanf (fp, " ") == EOF && ferror (fp))
            {
              perror ("data_check");
              exit (1);
            }
          test4rm (foo, x, y, z, rnd, r != 'Z', name);
        }
    }

  mpfr_clear (x);
  mpfr_clear (y);
  mpfr_clear (z);

  fclose (fp);
}

/* Test n random bad cases. A precision py in [pymin,pymax] and
 * a number y of precision py are chosen randomly. One computes
 * x = inv(y) in precision px = py + psup (rounded to nearest).
 * Then (in general), y is a bad case for fct in precision py (in
 * the directed rounding modes, but also in the rounding-to-nearest
 * mode for some lower precision: see data_check).
 * fct, inv, name: data related to the function.
 * pos, emin, emax: arguments for tests_default_random.
 */
void
bad_cases (int (*fct)(FLIST), int (*inv)(FLIST), char *name,
           int pos, mp_exp_t emin, mp_exp_t emax,
           mp_prec_t pymin, mp_prec_t pymax, mp_prec_t psup,
           int n)
{
  mpfr_t x, y, z;
  char *dbgenv;
  int i, dbg;
  mp_exp_t old_emin, old_emax;

  old_emin = mpfr_get_emin ();
  old_emax = mpfr_get_emax ();

  dbgenv = getenv ("MPFR_DEBUG_BADCASES");
  dbg = dbgenv != 0 ? atoi (dbgenv) : 0;  /* debug level */
  mpfr_inits (x, y, z, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      mp_prec_t px, py, pz;
      int inex;

      if (dbg)
        printf ("bad_cases: i = %d\n", i);
      py = pymin + (randlimb () % (pymax - pymin + 1));
      mpfr_set_prec (y, py);
      tests_default_random (y, pos, emin, emax);
      if (dbg)
        {
          printf ("bad_cases: yprec =%4ld, y = ", (long) py);
          mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 0, y, GMP_RNDN);
          printf ("\n");
        }
      px = py + psup;
      mpfr_set_prec (x, px);
      mpfr_clear_flags ();
      inv (x, y, GMP_RNDN);
      if (mpfr_nanflag_p () || mpfr_overflow_p () || mpfr_underflow_p ())
        {
          if (dbg)
            printf ("bad_cases: no normal inverse\n");
          goto next_i;
        }
      if (dbg > 1)
        {
          printf ("bad_cases: x = ");
          mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 0, x, GMP_RNDN);
          printf ("\n");
        }
      pz = px;
      do
        {
          pz += 32;
          mpfr_set_prec (z, pz);
          if (fct (z, x, GMP_RNDN) == 0)
            {
              if (dbg)
                printf ("bad_cases: exact case\n");
              goto next_i;
            }
          if (dbg)
            {
              if (dbg > 1)
                {
                  printf ("bad_cases: %s(x) ~= ", name);
                  mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 0, z, GMP_RNDN);
                }
              else
                {
                  printf ("bad_cases:   [GMP_RNDZ]  ~= ");
                  mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 40, z, GMP_RNDZ);
                }
              printf ("\n");
            }
          inex = mpfr_prec_round (z, py, GMP_RNDN);
          if (mpfr_nanflag_p () || mpfr_overflow_p () || mpfr_underflow_p ()
              || ! mpfr_equal_p (z, y))
            {
              if (dbg)
                printf ("bad_cases: inverse doesn't match\n");
              goto next_i;
            }
        }
      while (inex == 0);
      /* We really have a bad case. */
      do
        py--;
      while (py >= MPFR_PREC_MIN && mpfr_prec_round (z, py, GMP_RNDZ) == 0);
      py++;
      /* py is now the smallest output precision such that we have
         a bad case in the directed rounding modes. */
      if (mpfr_prec_round (y, py, GMP_RNDZ) != 0)
        {
          printf ("Internal error for i = %d\n", i);
          exit (1);
        }
      if ((inex > 0 && MPFR_IS_POS (z)) ||
          (inex < 0 && MPFR_IS_NEG (z)))
        {
          mpfr_nexttozero (y);
          if (mpfr_zero_p (y))
            goto next_i;
        }
      if (dbg)
        {
          printf ("bad_cases: yprec =%4ld, y = ", (long) py);
          mpfr_out_str (stdout, 16, 0, y, GMP_RNDN);
          printf ("\n");
        }
      /* Note: y is now the expected result rounded towards zero. */
      test4rm (fct, x, y, z, GMP_RNDZ, 0, name);
    next_i:
      /* In case the exponent range has been changed by
         tests_default_random()... */
      mpfr_set_emin (old_emin);
      mpfr_set_emax (old_emax);
    }
  mpfr_clears (x, y, z, (mpfr_ptr) 0);
}