path: root/client/mysql_upgrade.c

/*
   Copyright (c) 2006, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
   Copyright (c) 2010, 2017, MariaDB

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335  USA
*/

#include "client_priv.h"
#include <sslopt-vars.h>
#include <../scripts/mysql_fix_privilege_tables_sql.c>

#include <welcome_copyright_notice.h> /* ORACLE_WELCOME_COPYRIGHT_NOTICE */

#define VER "2.0"

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
#include <sys/wait.h>
#endif

#ifndef WEXITSTATUS
# ifdef __WIN__
#  define WEXITSTATUS(stat_val) (stat_val)
# else
#  define WEXITSTATUS(stat_val) ((unsigned)(stat_val) >> 8)
# endif
#endif

static int phase = 0;
static int info_file= -1;
static const int phases_total = 7;
static char mysql_path[FN_REFLEN];
static char mysqlcheck_path[FN_REFLEN];

static my_bool debug_info_flag, debug_check_flag,
               opt_systables_only, opt_version_check;
static my_bool opt_not_used, opt_silent, opt_check_upgrade;
static uint opt_force, opt_verbose;
static uint my_end_arg= 0;
static char *opt_user= (char*)"root";

static my_bool upgrade_from_mysql;

static DYNAMIC_STRING ds_args;
static DYNAMIC_STRING conn_args;

static char *opt_password= 0;
static char *opt_plugin_dir= 0, *opt_default_auth= 0;

static char *cnf_file_path= 0, defaults_file[FN_REFLEN + 32];

static my_bool tty_password= 0;

static char opt_tmpdir[FN_REFLEN] = "";

#ifndef DBUG_OFF
static char *default_dbug_option= (char*) "d:t:O,/tmp/mysql_upgrade.trace";
#endif

static char **defaults_argv;

static my_bool not_used; /* Can't use GET_BOOL without a value pointer */

char upgrade_from_version[sizeof("10.20.456-MariaDB")+30];

static my_bool opt_write_binlog;

#define OPT_SILENT OPT_MAX_CLIENT_OPTION

static struct my_option my_long_options[]=
{
  {"help", '?', "Display this help message and exit.", 0, 0, 0, GET_NO_ARG,
   NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"basedir", 'b',
   "Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward compatibility.",
   0, 0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"character-sets-dir", OPT_CHARSETS_DIR,
   "Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward compatibility.",
   0, 0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
  {"compress", OPT_COMPRESS,
   "Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward compatibility.",
   &not_used, &not_used, 0, GET_BOOL, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"datadir", 'd',
   "Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward compatibility.",
   0, 0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#ifdef DBUG_OFF
  {"debug", '#', "This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.",
   0, 0, 0, GET_DISABLED, OPT_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#else
  {"debug", '#', "Output debug log.",
   0, 0, 0, GET_STR, OPT_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#endif
  {"debug-check", OPT_DEBUG_CHECK, "Check memory and open file usage at exit.",
   &debug_check_flag, &debug_check_flag,
   0, GET_BOOL, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"debug-info", 'T', "Print some debug info at exit.", &debug_info_flag,
   &debug_info_flag, 0, GET_BOOL, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"default-character-set", OPT_DEFAULT_CHARSET,
   "Not used by mysql_upgrade. Only for backward compatibility.",
   0, 0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"default_auth", OPT_DEFAULT_AUTH,
   "Default authentication client-side plugin to use.",
   &opt_default_auth, &opt_default_auth, 0,
   GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"check-if-upgrade-is-needed", OPT_CHECK_IF_UPGRADE_NEEDED,
   "Exits with status 0 if an upgrades is required, 1 otherwise.",
   &opt_check_upgrade, &opt_check_upgrade,
   0, GET_BOOL, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"force", 'f', "Force execution of mysqlcheck even if mysql_upgrade "
   "has already been executed for the current version of MariaDB.",
   &opt_not_used, &opt_not_used, 0 , GET_BOOL, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"host", 'h', "Connect to host.", 0,
   0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#define PASSWORD_OPT 12
  {"password", 'p',
   "Password to use when connecting to server. If password is not given,"
   " it's solicited on the tty.", &opt_password,&opt_password,
   0, GET_STR, OPT_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#ifdef __WIN__
  {"pipe", 'W', "Use named pipes to connect to server.", 0, 0, 0,
   GET_NO_ARG, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#endif
  {"plugin_dir", OPT_PLUGIN_DIR, "Directory for client-side plugins.",
   &opt_plugin_dir, &opt_plugin_dir, 0,
   GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"port", 'P', "Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in "
   "order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT, "
#if MYSQL_PORT_DEFAULT == 0
   "/etc/services, "
#endif
   "built-in default (" STRINGIFY_ARG(MYSQL_PORT) ").",
   0, 0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"protocol", OPT_MYSQL_PROTOCOL,
   "The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe, memory).",
   0, 0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#ifdef HAVE_SMEM
  {"shared-memory-base-name", OPT_SHARED_MEMORY_BASE_NAME,
   "Base name of shared memory.", 0,
   0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#endif
  {"silent", OPT_SILENT, "Print less information", &opt_silent,
   &opt_silent, 0, GET_BOOL, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"socket", 'S', "The socket file to use for connection.",
   0, 0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#include <sslopt-longopts.h>
  {"tmpdir", 't', "Directory for temporary files.",
   0, 0, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"upgrade-system-tables", 's', "Only upgrade the system tables in the mysql database. Tables in other databases are not checked or touched.",
   &opt_systables_only, &opt_systables_only, 0,
   GET_BOOL, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
#define USER_OPT (array_elements(my_long_options) - 6)
  {"user", 'u', "User for login.", &opt_user,
   &opt_user, 0, GET_STR, REQUIRED_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"verbose", 'v', "Display more output about the process; Using it twice will print connection argument; Using it 3 times will print out all CHECK, RENAME and ALTER TABLE during the check phase.",
   &opt_not_used, &opt_not_used, 0, GET_BOOL, NO_ARG, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"version", 'V', "Output version information and exit.", 0, 0, 0,
   GET_NO_ARG, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"version-check", 'k',
   "Run this program only if its \'server version\' "
   "matches the version of the server to which it's connecting. "
   "Note: the \'server version\' of the program is the version of the MariaDB "
   "server with which it was built/distributed.",
   &opt_version_check, &opt_version_check, 0,
   GET_BOOL, NO_ARG, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {"write-binlog", OPT_WRITE_BINLOG, "All commands including those "
   "issued by mysqlcheck are written to the binary log.",
   &opt_write_binlog, &opt_write_binlog, 0, GET_BOOL, NO_ARG,
   0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, GET_NO_ARG, NO_ARG, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};


static const char *load_default_groups[]=
{
  "client",          /* Read settings how to connect to server */
  "mysql_upgrade",   /* Read special settings for mysql_upgrade */
  "client-server",   /* Reads settings common between client & server */
  "client-mariadb",  /* Read mariadb unique client settings */
  0
};

static void free_used_memory(void)
{
  /* Free memory allocated by 'load_defaults' */
  if (defaults_argv)
    free_defaults(defaults_argv);

  dynstr_free(&ds_args);
  dynstr_free(&conn_args);
  if (cnf_file_path)
    my_delete(cnf_file_path, MYF(MY_WME));
  if (info_file >= 0)
  {
    (void) my_lock(info_file, F_UNLCK, 0, 1, MYF(0));
    my_close(info_file, MYF(MY_WME));
    info_file= -1;
  }
}


static void die(const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;
  DBUG_ENTER("die");

  /* Print the error message */
  fflush(stdout);
  va_start(args, fmt);
  if (fmt)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "FATAL ERROR: ");
    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    fflush(stderr);
  }
  va_end(args);

  free_used_memory();
  my_end(my_end_arg);
  exit(1);
}


static void verbose(const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list args;

  if (opt_silent)
    return;

  /* Print the verbose message */
  va_start(args, fmt);
  if (fmt)
  {
    vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args);
    fprintf(stdout, "\n");
    fflush(stdout);
  }
  va_end(args);
}


static void print_error(const char *error_msg, DYNAMIC_STRING *output)
{
  fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", error_msg);
  fprintf(stderr, "%s", output->str);
}


/*
  Add one option - passed to mysql_upgrade on command line
  or by defaults file(my.cnf) - to a dynamic string, in
  this way we pass the same arguments on to mysql and mysql_check
*/

static void add_one_option_cmd_line(DYNAMIC_STRING *ds,
                                    const struct my_option *opt,
                                    const char* arg)
{
  dynstr_append(ds, "--");
  dynstr_append(ds, opt->name);
  if (arg)
  {
    dynstr_append(ds, "=");
    dynstr_append_os_quoted(ds, arg, NullS);
  }
  dynstr_append(ds, " ");
}

static void add_one_option_cnf_file(DYNAMIC_STRING *ds,
                                    const struct my_option *opt,
                                    const char* arg)
{
  dynstr_append(ds, opt->name);
  if (arg)
  {
    dynstr_append(ds, "=");
    dynstr_append_os_quoted(ds, arg, NullS);
  }
  dynstr_append(ds, "\n");
}


static my_bool
get_one_option(int optid, const struct my_option *opt,
               char *argument)
{
  my_bool add_option= TRUE;

  switch (optid) {

  case '?':
    printf("%s  Ver %s Distrib %s, for %s (%s)\n",
           my_progname, VER, MYSQL_SERVER_VERSION, SYSTEM_TYPE, MACHINE_TYPE);
    puts(ORACLE_WELCOME_COPYRIGHT_NOTICE("2000"));
    puts("MariaDB utility for upgrading databases to new MariaDB versions.");
    print_defaults("my", load_default_groups);
    puts("");
    my_print_help(my_long_options);
    my_print_variables(my_long_options);
    die(0);
    break;

  case '#':
    DBUG_PUSH(argument ? argument : default_dbug_option);
    add_option= FALSE;
    debug_check_flag= 1;
    break;

  case 'p':
    if (argument == disabled_my_option)
      argument= (char*) "";			/* Don't require password */
    add_option= FALSE;
    if (argument)
    {
      /* Add password to ds_args before overwriting the arg with x's */
      add_one_option_cnf_file(&ds_args, opt, argument);
      while (*argument)
        *argument++= 'x';                       /* Destroy argument */
      tty_password= 0;
    }
    else
      tty_password= 1;
    break;

  case 't':
    strnmov(opt_tmpdir, argument, sizeof(opt_tmpdir));
    add_option= FALSE;
    break;

  case 'b': /* --basedir   */
  case 'd': /* --datadir   */
    fprintf(stderr, "%s: the '--%s' option is always ignored\n",
            my_progname, optid == 'b' ? "basedir" : "datadir");
    /* FALLTHROUGH */

  case 'k':                                     /* --version-check */
  case 'v': /* --verbose   */
    opt_verbose++;
    if (argument == disabled_my_option)
    {
      opt_verbose= 0;
      opt_silent= 1;
    }
    add_option= 0;
    break;
  case 'V':
    printf("%s  Ver %s Distrib %s, for %s (%s)\n",
           my_progname, VER, MYSQL_SERVER_VERSION, SYSTEM_TYPE, MACHINE_TYPE);
    die(0);
    break;
  case 'f': /* --force     */
    opt_force++;
    if (argument == disabled_my_option)
      opt_force= 0;
    add_option= 0;
    break;
  case OPT_SILENT:
    opt_verbose= 0;
    add_option= 0;
    break;
  case OPT_CHECK_IF_UPGRADE_NEEDED: /* --check-if-upgrade-needed */
  case 's':                                     /* --upgrade-system-tables */
  case OPT_WRITE_BINLOG:                        /* --write-binlog */
    add_option= FALSE;
    break;

  case 'h': /* --host */
  case 'W': /* --pipe */
  case 'P': /* --port */
  case 'S': /* --socket */
  case OPT_MYSQL_PROTOCOL: /* --protocol */
  case OPT_SHARED_MEMORY_BASE_NAME: /* --shared-memory-base-name */
  case OPT_PLUGIN_DIR:                          /* --plugin-dir */
  case OPT_DEFAULT_AUTH:                        /* --default-auth */
    add_one_option_cmd_line(&conn_args, opt, argument);
    break;
  }

  if (add_option)
  {
    /*
      This is an option that is accepted by mysql_upgrade just so
      it can be passed on to "mysql" and "mysqlcheck"
      Save it in the ds_args string
    */
    add_one_option_cnf_file(&ds_args, opt, argument);
  }
  return 0;
}


/* Convert the specified version string into the numeric format. */

static ulong STDCALL calc_server_version(char *some_version)
{
  uint major, minor, version;
  char *point= some_version, *end_point;
  major=   (uint) strtoul(point, &end_point, 10);   point=end_point+1;
  minor=   (uint) strtoul(point, &end_point, 10);   point=end_point+1;
  version= (uint) strtoul(point, &end_point, 10);
  return (ulong) major * 10000L + (ulong)(minor * 100 + version);
}

/**
  Run a command using the shell, storing its output in the supplied dynamic
  string.
*/
static int run_command(char* cmd,
                       DYNAMIC_STRING *ds_res)
{
  char buf[512]= {0};
  FILE *res_file;
  int error;

  if (opt_verbose >= 4)
    puts(cmd);

  if (!(res_file= popen(cmd, "r")))
    die("popen(\"%s\", \"r\") failed", cmd);

  while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), res_file))
  {
    DBUG_PRINT("info", ("buf: %s", buf));
    if(ds_res)
    {
      /* Save the output of this command in the supplied string */
      dynstr_append(ds_res, buf);
    }
    else
    {
      /* Print it directly on screen */
      fprintf(stdout, "%s", buf);
    }
  }

  error= pclose(res_file);
  return WEXITSTATUS(error);
}


static int run_tool(char *tool_path, DYNAMIC_STRING *ds_res, ...)
{
  int ret;
  const char* arg;
  va_list args;
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_cmdline;

  DBUG_ENTER("run_tool");
  DBUG_PRINT("enter", ("tool_path: %s", tool_path));

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_cmdline, IF_WIN("\"", ""), FN_REFLEN, FN_REFLEN))
    die("Out of memory");

  dynstr_append_os_quoted(&ds_cmdline, tool_path, NullS);
  dynstr_append(&ds_cmdline, " ");

  va_start(args, ds_res);

  while ((arg= va_arg(args, char *)))
  {
    /* Options should already be os quoted */
    dynstr_append(&ds_cmdline, arg);
    dynstr_append(&ds_cmdline, " ");
  }

  va_end(args);

#ifdef __WIN__
  dynstr_append(&ds_cmdline, "\"");
#endif

  DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Running: %s", ds_cmdline.str));
  ret= run_command(ds_cmdline.str, ds_res);
  DBUG_PRINT("exit", ("ret: %d", ret));
  dynstr_free(&ds_cmdline);
  DBUG_RETURN(ret);
}


/**
  Look for the filename of given tool, with the presumption that it is in the
  same directory as mysql_upgrade and that the same executable-searching 
  mechanism will be used when we run our sub-shells with popen() later.
*/
static void find_tool(char *tool_executable_name, const char *tool_name, 
                      const char *self_name)
{
  char *last_fn_libchar;
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_tmp;
  DBUG_ENTER("find_tool");
  DBUG_PRINT("enter", ("progname: %s", my_progname));

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_tmp, "", 32, 32))
    die("Out of memory");

  last_fn_libchar= strrchr(self_name, FN_LIBCHAR);

  if (last_fn_libchar == NULL)
  {
    /*
      mysql_upgrade was found by the shell searching the path.  A sibling
      next to us should be found the same way.
    */
    strncpy(tool_executable_name, tool_name, FN_REFLEN);
  }
  else
  {
    int len;

    /*
      mysql_upgrade was run absolutely or relatively.  We can find a sibling
      by replacing our name after the LIBCHAR with the new tool name.
    */

    /*
      When running in a not yet installed build and using libtool,
      the program(mysql_upgrade) will be in .libs/ and executed
      through a libtool wrapper in order to use the dynamic libraries
      from this build. The same must be done for the tools(mysql and
      mysqlcheck). Thus if path ends in .libs/, step up one directory
      and execute the tools from there
    */
    if (((last_fn_libchar - 6) >= self_name) &&
        (strncmp(last_fn_libchar - 5, ".libs", 5) == 0) &&
        (*(last_fn_libchar - 6) == FN_LIBCHAR))
    {
      DBUG_PRINT("info", ("Chopping off \".libs\" from end of path"));
      last_fn_libchar -= 6;
    }

    len= (int)(last_fn_libchar - self_name);

    my_snprintf(tool_executable_name, FN_REFLEN, "%.*b%c%s",
                len, self_name, FN_LIBCHAR, tool_name);
  }

  if (opt_verbose)
    verbose("Looking for '%s' as: %s", tool_name, tool_executable_name);

  /*
    Make sure it can be executed
  */
  if (run_tool(tool_executable_name,
               &ds_tmp, /* Get output from command, discard*/
               "--no-defaults",
               "--help",
               "2>&1",
               IF_WIN("> NUL", "> /dev/null"),
               NULL))
    die("Can't execute '%s'", tool_executable_name);

  dynstr_free(&ds_tmp);

  DBUG_VOID_RETURN;
}


/*
  Run query using "mysql"
*/

static int run_query(const char *query, DYNAMIC_STRING *ds_res,
                     my_bool force)
{
  int ret;
  File fd;
  char query_file_path[FN_REFLEN];
#ifdef WITH_WSREP
  /*
    Strictly speaking, WITH_WSREP on the client only means that the
    client was compiled with WSREP, it doesn't mean the server was,
    so the server might not have WSREP_ON variable.

    But mysql_upgrade is tightly bound to a specific server version
    anyway - it was mysql_fix_privilege_tables_sql script embedded
    into its binary - so even if it won't assume anything about server
    wsrep-ness, it won't be any less server-dependent.
  */
  const uchar sql_log_bin[]= "SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0, WSREP_ON=OFF;";
#else
  const uchar sql_log_bin[]= "SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;";
#endif /* WITH_WSREP */

  DBUG_ENTER("run_query");
  DBUG_PRINT("enter", ("query: %s", query));
  if ((fd= create_temp_file(query_file_path, 
                            opt_tmpdir[0] ? opt_tmpdir : NULL,
                            "sql", O_SHARE, MYF(MY_WME))) < 0)
    die("Failed to create temporary file for defaults");

  /*
    Master and slave should be upgraded separately. All statements executed
    by mysql_upgrade will not be binlogged.
    'SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0' is executed before any other statements.
   */
  if (!opt_write_binlog)
  {
    if (my_write(fd, sql_log_bin, sizeof(sql_log_bin)-1,
                 MYF(MY_FNABP | MY_WME)))
    {
      my_close(fd, MYF(MY_WME));
      my_delete(query_file_path, MYF(0));
      die("Failed to write to '%s'", query_file_path);
    }
  }

  if (my_write(fd, (uchar*) query, strlen(query),
               MYF(MY_FNABP | MY_WME)))
  {
    my_close(fd, MYF(MY_WME));
    my_delete(query_file_path, MYF(0));
    die("Failed to write to '%s'", query_file_path);
  }

  ret= run_tool(mysql_path,
                ds_res,
                defaults_file,
                "--database=mysql",
                "--batch", /* Turns off pager etc. */
                force ? "--force": "--skip-force",
                ds_res || opt_silent ? "--silent": "",
                "<",
                query_file_path,
                "2>&1",
                NULL);

  my_close(fd, MYF(MY_WME));
  my_delete(query_file_path, MYF(0));

  DBUG_RETURN(ret);
}


/*
  Extract the value returned from result of "show variable like ..."
*/

static int extract_variable_from_show(DYNAMIC_STRING* ds, char* value)
{
  char *value_start, *value_end;
  size_t len;

  /*
    The query returns "datadir\t<datadir>\n", skip past
    the tab
  */
  if ((value_start= strchr(ds->str, '\t')) == NULL)
    return 1; /* Unexpected result */
  value_start++;

  /* Don't copy the ending newline */
  if ((value_end= strchr(value_start, '\n')) == NULL)
    return 1; /* Unexpected result */

  len= (size_t) MY_MIN(FN_REFLEN, value_end-value_start);
  strncpy(value, value_start, len);
  value[len]= '\0';
  return 0;
}


static int get_upgrade_info_file_name(char* name)
{
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_datadir;
  DBUG_ENTER("get_upgrade_info_file_name");

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_datadir, NULL, 32, 32))
    die("Out of memory");

  if (run_query("show variables like 'datadir'",
                &ds_datadir, FALSE) ||
      extract_variable_from_show(&ds_datadir, name))
  {
    print_error("Reading datadir from the MariaDB server failed. Got the "
                "following error when executing the 'mysql' command line client",
                &ds_datadir);
    dynstr_free(&ds_datadir);
    DBUG_RETURN(1); /* Query failed */
  }

  dynstr_free(&ds_datadir);

  fn_format(name, "mysql_upgrade_info", name, "", MYF(0));
  DBUG_PRINT("exit", ("name: %s", name));
  DBUG_RETURN(0);
}

static char upgrade_info_file[FN_REFLEN]= {0};


/*
  Open or create mysql_upgrade_info file in servers data dir.

  Take a lock to ensure there cannot be any other mysql_upgrades
  runninc concurrently
*/

const char *create_error_message=
  "%sCould not open or create the upgrade info file '%s' in "
  "the MariaDB Servers data directory, errno: %d (%s)\n";



static void open_mysql_upgrade_file()
{
  char errbuff[80];
  if (get_upgrade_info_file_name(upgrade_info_file))
  {
    die("Upgrade failed");
  }
  if ((info_file= my_create(upgrade_info_file, 0,
                            O_RDWR | O_NOFOLLOW,
                            MYF(0))) < 0)
  {
    if (opt_force >= 2)
    {
      fprintf(stdout, create_error_message,
              "", upgrade_info_file, errno,
              my_strerror(errbuff, sizeof(errbuff)-1, errno));
      fprintf(stdout,
              "--force --force used, continuing without using the %s file.\n"
              "Note that this means that there is no protection against "
              "concurrent mysql_upgrade executions and next mysql_upgrade run "
              "will do a full upgrade again!\n",
              upgrade_info_file);
      return;
    }
    fprintf(stdout, create_error_message,
            "FATAL ERROR: ",
            upgrade_info_file, errno,
            my_strerror(errbuff, sizeof(errbuff)-1, errno));
    if (errno == EACCES)
    {
      fprintf(stderr,
              "Note that mysql_upgrade should be run as the same user as the "
              "MariaDB server binary, normally 'mysql' or 'root'.\n"
              "Alternatively you can use mysql_upgrade --force --force. "
              "Please check the documentation if you decide to use the force "
              "option!\n");
    }
    fflush(stderr);
    die(0);
  }
  if (my_lock(info_file, F_WRLCK, 0, 1, MYF(0)))
  {
    die("Could not exclusively lock on file '%s'. Error %d: %s\n",
        upgrade_info_file, my_errno,
        my_strerror(errbuff, sizeof(errbuff)-1, my_errno));
  }
}


/**
  Place holder for versions that require a major upgrade

  @return 0  upgrade has alredy been run on this version
  @return 1  upgrade has to be run

*/

static int faulty_server_versions(const char *version)
{
  return 0;
}

/*
  Read the content of mysql_upgrade_info file and
  compare the version number form file against
  version number which mysql_upgrade was compiled for

  NOTE
  This is an optimization to avoid running mysql_upgrade
  when it's already been performed for the particular
  version of MariaDB.

  In case the MariaDBL server can't return the upgrade info
  file it's always better to report that the upgrade hasn't
  been performed.

  @return 0   Upgrade has alredy been run on this version
  @return > 0 Upgrade has to be run
*/

static int upgrade_already_done(int silent)
{
  const char *version = MYSQL_SERVER_VERSION;
  const char *s;
  char *pos;
  my_off_t length;

  if (info_file < 0)
  {
    DBUG_ASSERT(opt_force > 1);
    return 1;                                   /* No info file and --force */
  }

  bzero(upgrade_from_version, sizeof(upgrade_from_version));

  (void) my_seek(info_file, 0, SEEK_SET, MYF(0));
  /* We have -3 here to make calc_server_version() safe */
  length= my_read(info_file, (uchar*) upgrade_from_version,
                  sizeof(upgrade_from_version)-3,
                  MYF(MY_WME));

  if (!length)
  {
    if (opt_verbose)
      verbose("Empty or non existent %s. Assuming mysql_upgrade has to be run!",
              upgrade_info_file);
    return 1;
  }

  /* Remove possible \ŋ that may end in output */
  if ((pos= strchr(upgrade_from_version, '\n')))
    *pos= 0;

  if (faulty_server_versions(upgrade_from_version))
  {
    if (opt_verbose)
      verbose("Upgrading from version %s requires mysql_upgrade to be run!",
              upgrade_from_version);
    return 2;
  }

  s= strchr(version, '.');
  s= strchr(s + 1, '.');

  if (strncmp(upgrade_from_version, version,
              (size_t)(s - version + 1)))
  {
    if (calc_server_version(upgrade_from_version) <= MYSQL_VERSION_ID)
    {
      verbose("Major version upgrade detected from %s to %s. Check required!",
              upgrade_from_version, version);
      return 3;
    }
    die("Version mismatch (%s -> %s): Trying to downgrade from a higher to "
        "lower version is not supported!",
        upgrade_from_version, version);
  }
  if (!silent)
  {
    verbose("This installation of MariaDB is already upgraded to %s.\n"
            "There is no need to run mysql_upgrade again for %s.",
            upgrade_from_version, version);
    if (!opt_check_upgrade)
      verbose("You can use --force if you still want to run mysql_upgrade",
              upgrade_from_version, version);
  }
  return 0;
}

static void finish_mysql_upgrade_info_file(void)
{
  if (info_file < 0)
    return;

  /* Write new version to file */
  (void) my_seek(info_file, 0, SEEK_CUR, MYF(0));
  (void) my_chsize(info_file, 0, 0, MYF(0));
  (void) my_seek(info_file, 0, 0, MYF(0));
  (void) my_write(info_file, (uchar*) MYSQL_SERVER_VERSION,
                  sizeof(MYSQL_SERVER_VERSION)-1, MYF(MY_WME));
  (void) my_write(info_file, (uchar*) "\n", 1, MYF(MY_WME));
  (void) my_lock(info_file, F_UNLCK, 0, 1, MYF(0));

  /*
    Check if the upgrade_info_file was properly created/updated
    It's not a fatal error -> just print a message if it fails
  */
  if (upgrade_already_done(1))
    fprintf(stderr,
            "Could not write to the upgrade info file '%s' in "
            "the MariaDB Servers datadir, errno: %d\n",
            upgrade_info_file, errno);

  my_close(info_file, MYF(MY_WME));
  info_file= -1;
  return;
}


/*
  Print connection-related arguments.
*/

static void print_conn_args(const char *tool_name)
{
  if (opt_verbose < 2)
    return;
  if (conn_args.str[0])
    verbose("Running '%s' with connection arguments: %s", tool_name,
          conn_args.str);
  else
    verbose("Running '%s with default connection arguments", tool_name);
}  

/*
  Check and upgrade(if necessary) all tables
  in the server using "mysqlcheck --check-upgrade .."
*/

static int run_mysqlcheck_upgrade(my_bool mysql_db_only)
{
  const char *what= mysql_db_only ? "mysql database" : "tables";
  const char *arg1= mysql_db_only ? "--databases" : "--all-databases";
  const char *arg2= mysql_db_only ? "mysql" : "--skip-database=mysql";
  int retch;
  if (opt_systables_only && !mysql_db_only)
  {
    verbose("Phase %d/%d: Checking and upgrading %s... Skipped",
            ++phase, phases_total, what);
    return 0;
  }
  verbose("Phase %d/%d: Checking and upgrading %s", ++phase, phases_total, what);
  print_conn_args("mysqlcheck");
  retch= run_tool(mysqlcheck_path,
                  NULL, /* Send output from mysqlcheck directly to screen */
                  defaults_file,
                  "--check-upgrade",
                  "--auto-repair",
                  !opt_silent || opt_verbose >= 1 ? "--verbose" : "",
                  opt_verbose >= 2 ? "--verbose" : "",
                  opt_verbose >= 3 ? "--verbose" : "",
                  opt_silent ? "--silent": "",
                  opt_write_binlog ? "--write-binlog" : "--skip-write-binlog",
                  arg1, arg2,
                  "2>&1",
                  NULL);
  return retch;
}

#define EVENTS_STRUCT_LEN 7000

static my_bool is_mysql()
{
  my_bool ret= TRUE;
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_events_struct;

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_events_struct, NULL,
                          EVENTS_STRUCT_LEN, EVENTS_STRUCT_LEN))
    die("Out of memory");

  if (run_query("show create table mysql.event",
                &ds_events_struct, FALSE) ||
      strstr(ds_events_struct.str, "IGNORE_BAD_TABLE_OPTIONS") != NULL)
    ret= FALSE;
  else
    verbose("MariaDB upgrade detected");

  dynstr_free(&ds_events_struct);
  return(ret);
}

static int run_mysqlcheck_views(void)
{
  const char *upgrade_views="--process-views=YES";
  if (upgrade_from_mysql)
  {
    /*
      this has to ignore opt_systables_only, because upgrade_from_mysql
      is determined by analyzing systables. if we honor opt_systables_only
      here, views won't be fixed by subsequent mysql_upgrade runs
    */
    upgrade_views="--process-views=UPGRADE_FROM_MYSQL";
    verbose("Phase %d/%d: Fixing views from mysql", ++phase, phases_total);
  }
  else if (opt_systables_only)
  {
    verbose("Phase %d/%d: Fixing views... Skipped", ++phase, phases_total);
    return 0;
  }
  else
    verbose("Phase %d/%d: Fixing views", ++phase, phases_total);

  print_conn_args("mysqlcheck");
  return run_tool(mysqlcheck_path,
                  NULL, /* Send output from mysqlcheck directly to screen */
                  defaults_file,
                  "--all-databases", "--repair",
                  upgrade_views,
                  "--skip-process-tables",
                  opt_verbose ? "--verbose": "",
                  opt_silent ? "--silent": "",
                  opt_write_binlog ? "--write-binlog" : "--skip-write-binlog",
                  "2>&1",
                  NULL);
}

static int run_mysqlcheck_fixnames(void)
{
  if (opt_systables_only)
  {
    verbose("Phase %d/%d: Fixing table and database names ... Skipped",
            ++phase, phases_total);
    return 0;
  }
  verbose("Phase %d/%d: Fixing table and database names",
          ++phase, phases_total);
  print_conn_args("mysqlcheck");
  return run_tool(mysqlcheck_path,
                  NULL, /* Send output from mysqlcheck directly to screen */
                  defaults_file,
                  "--all-databases",
                  "--fix-db-names",
                  "--fix-table-names",
                  opt_verbose >= 1 ? "--verbose" : "",
                  opt_verbose >= 2 ? "--verbose" : "",
                  opt_verbose >= 3 ? "--verbose" : "",
                  opt_silent ? "--silent": "",
                  opt_write_binlog ? "--write-binlog" : "--skip-write-binlog",
                  "2>&1",
                  NULL);
}


static const char *expected_errors[]=
{
  "ERROR 1060", /* Duplicate column name */
  "ERROR 1061", /* Duplicate key name */
  "ERROR 1054", /* Unknown column */
  "ERROR 1290", /* RR_OPTION_PREVENTS_STATEMENT */
  0
};


static my_bool is_expected_error(const char* line)
{
  const char** error= expected_errors;
  while (*error)
  {
    /*
      Check if lines starting with ERROR
      are in the list of expected errors
    */
    if (strncmp(line, "ERROR", 5) != 0 ||
        strncmp(line, *error, strlen(*error)) == 0)
      return 1; /* Found expected error */
    error++;
  }
  return 0;
}


static char* get_line(char* line)
{
  while (*line && *line != '\n')
    line++;
  if (*line)
    line++;
  return line;
}


/* Print the current line to stderr */
static void print_line(char* line)
{
  while (*line && *line != '\n')
  {
    fputc(*line, stderr);
    line++;
  }
  fputc('\n', stderr);
}

static my_bool from_before_10_1()
{
  my_bool ret= TRUE;
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_events_struct;

  if (upgrade_from_version[0])
  {
    return upgrade_from_version[1] == '.' ||
           strncmp(upgrade_from_version, "10.1.", 5) < 0;
  }

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_events_struct, NULL, 2048, 2048))
    die("Out of memory");

  if (run_query("show create table mysql.user", &ds_events_struct, FALSE) ||
      strstr(ds_events_struct.str, "default_role") != NULL)
    ret= FALSE;
  else
    verbose("Upgrading from a version before MariaDB-10.1");

  dynstr_free(&ds_events_struct);
  return ret;
}


/*
  Check for entries with "Unknown storage engine" in I_S.TABLES,
  try to load plugins for these tables if available (MDEV-11942)
*/
static int install_used_engines(void)
{
  char buf[512];
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_result;
  const char *query = "SELECT DISTINCT LOWER(engine) AS c1 FROM information_schema.tables"
                      " WHERE table_comment LIKE 'Unknown storage engine%'"
                      " ORDER BY c1";

  if (opt_systables_only || !from_before_10_1())
  {
    verbose("Phase %d/%d: Installing used storage engines... Skipped", ++phase, phases_total);
    return 0;
  }
  verbose("Phase %d/%d: Installing used storage engines", ++phase, phases_total);

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_result, "", 512, 512))
    die("Out of memory");

  verbose("Checking for tables with unknown storage engine");

  run_query(query, &ds_result, TRUE);

  if (ds_result.length)
  {
    char *line= ds_result.str, *next=get_line(line);
    do
    {
      if (next[-1] == '\n')
        next[-1]=0;

      verbose("installing plugin for '%s' storage engine", line);

      // we simply assume soname=ha_enginename
      strxnmov(buf, sizeof(buf)-1, "install soname 'ha_", line, "'", NULL);


      if (run_query(buf, NULL, TRUE))
        fprintf(stderr, "... can't %s\n", buf);
      line=next;
      next=get_line(line);
    } while (*line);
  }
  dynstr_free(&ds_result);
  return 0;
}

static int check_slave_repositories(void)
{
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_result;
  int row_count= 0;
  int error= 0;
  const char *query = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS c1 FROM mysql.slave_master_info";

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_result, "", 512, 512))
    die("Out of memory");

  run_query(query, &ds_result, TRUE);

  if (ds_result.length)
  {
    row_count= atoi((char *)ds_result.str);
    if (row_count)
    {
      fprintf(stderr,"Slave info repository compatibility check:"
              " Found data in `mysql`.`slave_master_info` table.\n");
      fprintf(stderr,"Warning: Content of `mysql`.`slave_master_info` table"
              " will be ignored as MariaDB supports file based info "
              "repository.\n");
      error= 1;
    }
  }
  dynstr_free(&ds_result);

  query = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS c1 FROM mysql.slave_relay_log_info";

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_result, "", 512, 512))
    die("Out of memory");

  run_query(query, &ds_result, TRUE);

  if (ds_result.length)
  {
    row_count= atoi((char *)ds_result.str);
    if (row_count)
    {
      fprintf(stderr, "Slave info repository compatibility check:"
              " Found data in `mysql`.`slave_relay_log_info` table.\n");
      fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Content of `mysql`.`slave_relay_log_info` "
              "table will be ignored as MariaDB supports file based "
              "repository.\n");
      error= 1;
    }
  }
  dynstr_free(&ds_result);
  if (error)
  {
    fprintf(stderr,"Slave server may not possess the correct replication "
            "metadata.\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "Execution of CHANGE MASTER as per "
            "`mysql`.`slave_master_info` and  `mysql`.`slave_relay_log_info` "
            "table content is recommended.\n");
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
  Update all system tables in MariaDB Server to current
  version using "mysql" to execute all the SQL commands
  compiled into the mysql_fix_privilege_tables array
*/

static int run_sql_fix_privilege_tables(void)
{
  int found_real_errors= 0;
  const char **query_ptr;
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_script;
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_result;
  DBUG_ENTER("run_sql_fix_privilege_tables");

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_script, "", 65536, 1024))
    die("Out of memory");

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_result, "", 512, 512))
    die("Out of memory");

  verbose("Phase %d/%d: Running 'mysql_fix_privilege_tables'",
          ++phase, phases_total);

  /*
    Individual queries can not be executed independently by invoking
    a forked mysql client, because the script uses session variables
    and prepared statements.
  */
  for ( query_ptr= &mysql_fix_privilege_tables[0];
        *query_ptr != NULL;
        query_ptr++
      )
  {
    if (strcasecmp(*query_ptr, "flush privileges;\n"))
      dynstr_append(&ds_script, *query_ptr);
  }

  run_query(ds_script.str,
            &ds_result, /* Collect result */
            TRUE);

  {
    /*
      Scan each line of the result for real errors
      and ignore the expected one(s) like "Duplicate column name",
      "Unknown column" and "Duplicate key name" since they just
      indicate the system tables are already up to date
    */
    char *line= ds_result.str;
    do
    {
      if (!is_expected_error(line))
      {
        /* Something unexpected failed, dump error line to screen */
        found_real_errors++;
        print_line(line);
      }
      else if (strncmp(line, "WARNING", 7) == 0)
      {
        print_line(line);
      }
    } while ((line= get_line(line)) && *line);
  }

  dynstr_free(&ds_result);
  dynstr_free(&ds_script);
  DBUG_RETURN(found_real_errors);
}


/**
  Check if the server version matches with the server version mysql_upgrade
  was compiled with.

  @return 0 match successful
          1 failed
*/
static int check_version_match(void)
{
  DYNAMIC_STRING ds_version;
  char version_str[NAME_CHAR_LEN + 1];

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_version, NULL, NAME_CHAR_LEN, NAME_CHAR_LEN))
    die("Out of memory");

  if (run_query("show variables like 'version'",
                &ds_version, FALSE) ||
      extract_variable_from_show(&ds_version, version_str))
  {
    print_error("Version check failed. Got the following error when calling "
                "the 'mysql' command line client", &ds_version);
    dynstr_free(&ds_version);
    return 1;                                   /* Query failed */
  }

  dynstr_free(&ds_version);

  if (calc_server_version((char *) version_str) != MYSQL_VERSION_ID)
  {
    fprintf(stderr, "Error: Server version (%s) does not match with the "
            "version of\nthe server (%s) with which this program was built/"
            "distributed. You can\nuse --skip-version-check to skip this "
            "check.\n", version_str, MYSQL_SERVER_VERSION);
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  char self_name[FN_REFLEN + 1];

  MY_INIT(argv[0]);
  DBUG_PROCESS(argv[0]);

  load_defaults_or_exit("my", load_default_groups, &argc, &argv);
  defaults_argv= argv; /* Must be freed by 'free_defaults' */

#if defined(__WIN__)
  if (GetModuleFileName(NULL, self_name, FN_REFLEN) == 0)
#endif
  {
    strmake_buf(self_name, argv[0]);
  }

  if (init_dynamic_string(&ds_args, "", 512, 256) ||
      init_dynamic_string(&conn_args, "", 512, 256))
    die("Out of memory");

  if (handle_options(&argc, &argv, my_long_options, get_one_option))
    die(NULL);
  if (debug_info_flag)
    my_end_arg= MY_CHECK_ERROR | MY_GIVE_INFO;
  if (debug_check_flag)
    my_end_arg= MY_CHECK_ERROR;

  if (tty_password)
  {
    opt_password= get_tty_password(NullS);
    /* add password to defaults file */
    add_one_option_cnf_file(&ds_args, &my_long_options[PASSWORD_OPT], opt_password);
    DBUG_ASSERT(strcmp(my_long_options[PASSWORD_OPT].name, "password") == 0);
  }
  /* add user to defaults file */
  add_one_option_cnf_file(&ds_args, &my_long_options[USER_OPT], opt_user);
  DBUG_ASSERT(strcmp(my_long_options[USER_OPT].name, "user") == 0);

  cnf_file_path= strmov(defaults_file, "--defaults-file=");
  {
    int fd= create_temp_file(cnf_file_path, opt_tmpdir[0] ? opt_tmpdir : NULL,
                             "mysql_upgrade-", 0, MYF(MY_FAE));
    if (fd < 0)
      die(NULL);
    my_write(fd, USTRING_WITH_LEN( "[client]\n"), MYF(MY_FAE));
    my_write(fd, (uchar*)ds_args.str, ds_args.length, MYF(MY_FAE));
    my_close(fd, MYF(MY_WME));
  }

  /* Find mysql */
  find_tool(mysql_path, IF_WIN("mysql.exe", "mysql"), self_name);

  open_mysql_upgrade_file();

  if (opt_check_upgrade)
    exit(upgrade_already_done(0) == 0);

  /* Find mysqlcheck */
  find_tool(mysqlcheck_path, IF_WIN("mysqlcheck.exe", "mysqlcheck"), self_name);

  if (opt_systables_only && !opt_silent)
    printf("The --upgrade-system-tables option was used, user tables won't be touched.\n");

  /*
    Read the mysql_upgrade_info file to check if mysql_upgrade
    already has been run for this installation of MariaDB
  */
  if (!opt_force && !upgrade_already_done(0))
    goto end;                                   /* Upgrade already done */

  if (opt_version_check && check_version_match())
    die("Upgrade failed");

  upgrade_from_mysql= is_mysql();

  /*
    Run "mysqlcheck" and "mysql_fix_privilege_tables.sql"
  */
  if (run_mysqlcheck_upgrade(TRUE) ||
      install_used_engines() ||
      run_mysqlcheck_views() ||
      run_sql_fix_privilege_tables() ||
      run_mysqlcheck_fixnames() ||
      run_mysqlcheck_upgrade(FALSE) ||
      check_slave_repositories())
    die("Upgrade failed" );

  verbose("Phase %d/%d: Running 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES'", ++phase, phases_total);
  if (run_query("FLUSH PRIVILEGES", NULL, TRUE))
    die("Upgrade failed" );

  verbose("OK");

  /* Finish writing indicating upgrade has been performed */
  finish_mysql_upgrade_info_file();

  DBUG_ASSERT(phase == phases_total);

end:
  free_used_memory();
  my_end(my_end_arg);
  exit(0);
}