path: root/src/eval.c

/* GNU m4 -- A simple macro processor

   Copyright (C) 1989-1994, 2006-2007, 2009-2013 Free Software
   Foundation, Inc.

   This file is part of GNU M4.

   GNU M4 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   GNU M4 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

/* This file contains the functions to evaluate integer expressions for
   the "eval" macro.  It is a little, fairly self-contained module, with
   its own scanner, and a recursive descent parser.  The only entry point
   is evaluate ().  */

#include "m4.h"

/* Evaluates token types.  */

typedef enum eval_token
  {
    ERROR, BADOP,
    PLUS, MINUS,
    EXPONENT,
    TIMES, DIVIDE, MODULO,
    ASSIGN, EQ, NOTEQ, GT, GTEQ, LS, LSEQ,
    LSHIFT, RSHIFT,
    LNOT, LAND, LOR,
    NOT, AND, OR, XOR,
    LEFTP, RIGHTP,
    NUMBER, EOTEXT
  }
eval_token;

/* Error types.  */

typedef enum eval_error
  {
    NO_ERROR,
    DIVIDE_ZERO,
    MODULO_ZERO,
    NEGATIVE_EXPONENT,
    /* All errors prior to SYNTAX_ERROR can be ignored in a dead
       branch of && and ||.  All errors after are just more details
       about a syntax error.  */
    SYNTAX_ERROR,
    MISSING_RIGHT,
    UNKNOWN_INPUT,
    EXCESS_INPUT,
    INVALID_OPERATOR
  }
eval_error;

static eval_error logical_or_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error logical_and_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error or_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error xor_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error and_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error equality_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error cmp_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error shift_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error add_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error mult_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error exp_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error unary_term (eval_token, int32_t *);
static eval_error simple_term (eval_token, int32_t *);

/*--------------------.
| Lexical functions.  |
`--------------------*/

/* Pointer to next character of input text.  */
static const char *eval_text;

/* Value of eval_text, from before last call of eval_lex ().  This is so we
   can back up, if we have read too much.  */
static const char *last_text;

static void
eval_init_lex (const char *text)
{
  eval_text = text;
  last_text = NULL;
}

static void
eval_undo (void)
{
  eval_text = last_text;
}

/* VAL is numerical value, if any.  */

static eval_token
eval_lex (int32_t *val)
{
  while (isspace (to_uchar (*eval_text)))
    eval_text++;

  last_text = eval_text;

  if (*eval_text == '\0')
    return EOTEXT;

  if (isdigit (to_uchar (*eval_text)))
    {
      int base, digit;

      if (*eval_text == '0')
        {
          eval_text++;
          switch (*eval_text)
            {
            case 'x':
            case 'X':
              base = 16;
              eval_text++;
              break;

            case 'b':
            case 'B':
              base = 2;
              eval_text++;
              break;

            case 'r':
            case 'R':
              base = 0;
              eval_text++;
              while (isdigit (to_uchar (*eval_text)) && base <= 36)
                base = 10 * base + *eval_text++ - '0';
              if (base == 0 || base > 36 || *eval_text != ':')
                return ERROR;
              eval_text++;
              break;

            default:
              base = 8;
            }
        }
      else
        base = 10;

      /* FIXME - this calculation can overflow.  Consider xstrtol.  */
      *val = 0;
      for (; *eval_text; eval_text++)
        {
          if (isdigit (to_uchar (*eval_text)))
            digit = *eval_text - '0';
          else if (islower (to_uchar (*eval_text)))
            digit = *eval_text - 'a' + 10;
          else if (isupper (to_uchar (*eval_text)))
            digit = *eval_text - 'A' + 10;
          else
            break;

          if (base == 1)
            {
              if (digit == 1)
                (*val)++;
              else if (digit == 0 && !*val)
                continue;
              else
                break;
            }
          else if (digit >= base)
            break;
          else
            *val = *val * base + digit;
        }
      return NUMBER;
    }

  switch (*eval_text++)
    {
    case '+':
      if (*eval_text == '+' || *eval_text == '=')
        return BADOP;
      return PLUS;
    case '-':
      if (*eval_text == '-' || *eval_text == '=')
        return BADOP;
      return MINUS;
    case '*':
      if (*eval_text == '*')
        {
          eval_text++;
          return EXPONENT;
        }
      else if (*eval_text == '=')
        return BADOP;
      return TIMES;
    case '/':
      if (*eval_text == '=')
        return BADOP;
      return DIVIDE;
    case '%':
      if (*eval_text == '=')
        return BADOP;
      return MODULO;
    case '=':
      if (*eval_text == '=')
        {
          eval_text++;
          return EQ;
        }
      return ASSIGN;
    case '!':
      if (*eval_text == '=')
        {
          eval_text++;
          return NOTEQ;
        }
      return LNOT;
    case '>':
      if (*eval_text == '=')
        {
          eval_text++;
          return GTEQ;
        }
      else if (*eval_text == '>')
        {
          if (*++eval_text == '=')
            return BADOP;
          return RSHIFT;
        }
      return GT;
    case '<':
      if (*eval_text == '=')
        {
          eval_text++;
          return LSEQ;
        }
      else if (*eval_text == '<')
        {
          if (*++eval_text == '=')
            return BADOP;
          return LSHIFT;
        }
      return LS;
    case '^':
      if (*eval_text == '=')
        return BADOP;
      return XOR;
    case '~':
      return NOT;
    case '&':
      if (*eval_text == '&')
        {
          eval_text++;
          return LAND;
        }
      else if (*eval_text == '=')
        return BADOP;
      return AND;
    case '|':
      if (*eval_text == '|')
        {
          eval_text++;
          return LOR;
        }
      else if (*eval_text == '=')
        return BADOP;
      return OR;
    case '(':
      return LEFTP;
    case ')':
      return RIGHTP;
    default:
      return ERROR;
    }
}

/*---------------------------------------.
| Main entry point, called from "eval".  |
`---------------------------------------*/

bool
evaluate (const char *expr, int32_t *val)
{
  eval_token et;
  eval_error err;

  eval_init_lex (expr);
  et = eval_lex (val);
  err = logical_or_term (et, val);

  if (err == NO_ERROR && *eval_text != '\0')
    {
      if (eval_lex (val) == BADOP)
        err = INVALID_OPERATOR;
      else
        err = EXCESS_INPUT;
    }

  switch (err)
    {
    case NO_ERROR:
      break;

    case MISSING_RIGHT:
      M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                "bad expression in eval (missing right parenthesis): %s",
                expr));
      break;

    case SYNTAX_ERROR:
      M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                "bad expression in eval: %s", expr));
      break;

    case UNKNOWN_INPUT:
      M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                "bad expression in eval (bad input): %s", expr));
      break;

    case EXCESS_INPUT:
      M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                "bad expression in eval (excess input): %s", expr));
      break;

    case INVALID_OPERATOR:
      M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                "invalid operator in eval: %s", expr));
      retcode = EXIT_FAILURE;
      break;

    case DIVIDE_ZERO:
      M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                "divide by zero in eval: %s", expr));
      break;

    case MODULO_ZERO:
      M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                "modulo by zero in eval: %s", expr));
      break;

    case NEGATIVE_EXPONENT:
      M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                "negative exponent in eval: %s", expr));
      break;

    default:
      M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                "INTERNAL ERROR: bad error code in evaluate ()"));
      abort ();
    }

  return err != NO_ERROR;
}

/*---------------------------.
| Recursive descent parser.  |
`---------------------------*/

static eval_error
logical_or_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = logical_and_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((et = eval_lex (&v2)) == LOR)
    {
      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      /* Implement short-circuiting of valid syntax.  */
      er = logical_and_term (et, &v2);
      if (er == NO_ERROR)
        *v1 = *v1 || v2;
      else if (*v1 != 0 && er < SYNTAX_ERROR)
        *v1 = 1;
      else
        return er;
    }
  if (et == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
logical_and_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = or_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((et = eval_lex (&v2)) == LAND)
    {
      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      /* Implement short-circuiting of valid syntax.  */
      er = or_term (et, &v2);
      if (er == NO_ERROR)
        *v1 = *v1 && v2;
      else if (*v1 == 0 && er < SYNTAX_ERROR)
        ; /* v1 is already 0 */
      else
        return er;
    }
  if (et == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
or_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = xor_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((et = eval_lex (&v2)) == OR)
    {
      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = xor_term (et, &v2)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      *v1 |= v2;
    }
  if (et == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
xor_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = and_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((et = eval_lex (&v2)) == XOR)
    {
      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = and_term (et, &v2)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      *v1 ^= v2;
    }
  if (et == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
and_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = equality_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((et = eval_lex (&v2)) == AND)
    {
      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = equality_term (et, &v2)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      *v1 &= v2;
    }
  if (et == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
equality_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  eval_token op;
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = cmp_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  /* In the 1.4.x series, we maintain the traditional behavior that
     '=' is a synonym for '=='; however, this is contrary to POSIX and
     we hope to convert '=' to mean assignment in 2.0.  */
  while ((op = eval_lex (&v2)) == EQ || op == NOTEQ || op == ASSIGN)
    {
      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = cmp_term (et, &v2)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      if (op == ASSIGN)
      {
        M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0, "\
Warning: recommend ==, not =, for equality operator"));
        op = EQ;
      }
      *v1 = (op == EQ) == (*v1 == v2);
    }
  if (op == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
cmp_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  eval_token op;
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = shift_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((op = eval_lex (&v2)) == GT || op == GTEQ
         || op == LS || op == LSEQ)
    {

      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = shift_term (et, &v2)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      switch (op)
        {
        case GT:
          *v1 = *v1 > v2;
          break;

        case GTEQ:
          *v1 = *v1 >= v2;
          break;

        case LS:
          *v1 = *v1 < v2;
          break;

        case LSEQ:
          *v1 = *v1 <= v2;
          break;

        default:
          M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                    "INTERNAL ERROR: bad comparison operator in cmp_term ()"));
          abort ();
        }
    }
  if (op == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
shift_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  eval_token op;
  int32_t v2;
  uint32_t u1;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = add_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((op = eval_lex (&v2)) == LSHIFT || op == RSHIFT)
    {

      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = add_term (et, &v2)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      /* Minimize undefined C behavior (shifting by a negative number,
         shifting by the width or greater, left shift overflow, or
         right shift of a negative number).  Implement Java 32-bit
         wrap-around semantics.  This code assumes that the
         implementation-defined overflow when casting unsigned to
         signed is a silent twos-complement wrap-around.  */
      switch (op)
        {
        case LSHIFT:
          u1 = *v1;
          u1 <<= (uint32_t) (v2 & 0x1f);
          *v1 = u1;
          break;

        case RSHIFT:
          u1 = *v1 < 0 ? ~*v1 : *v1;
          u1 >>= (uint32_t) (v2 & 0x1f);
          *v1 = *v1 < 0 ? ~u1 : u1;
          break;

        default:
          M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                    "INTERNAL ERROR: bad shift operator in shift_term ()"));
          abort ();
        }
    }
  if (op == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
add_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  eval_token op;
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = mult_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((op = eval_lex (&v2)) == PLUS || op == MINUS)
    {
      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = mult_term (et, &v2)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      /* Minimize undefined C behavior on overflow.  This code assumes
         that the implementation-defined overflow when casting
         unsigned to signed is a silent twos-complement
         wrap-around.  */
      if (op == PLUS)
        *v1 = (int32_t) ((uint32_t) *v1 + (uint32_t) v2);
      else
        *v1 = (int32_t) ((uint32_t) *v1 - (uint32_t) v2);
    }
  if (op == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
mult_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  eval_token op;
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = exp_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((op = eval_lex (&v2)) == TIMES || op == DIVIDE || op == MODULO)
    {
      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = exp_term (et, &v2)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      /* Minimize undefined C behavior on overflow.  This code assumes
         that the implementation-defined overflow when casting
         unsigned to signed is a silent twos-complement
         wrap-around.  */
      switch (op)
        {
        case TIMES:
          *v1 = (int32_t) ((uint32_t) *v1 * (uint32_t) v2);
          break;

        case DIVIDE:
          if (v2 == 0)
            return DIVIDE_ZERO;
          else if (v2 == -1)
            /* Avoid overflow, and the x86 SIGFPE on INT_MIN / -1.  */
            *v1 = (int32_t) -(uint32_t) *v1;
          else
            *v1 /= v2;
          break;

        case MODULO:
          if (v2 == 0)
            return MODULO_ZERO;
          else if (v2 == -1)
            /* Avoid the x86 SIGFPE on INT_MIN % -1.  */
            *v1 = 0;
          else
            *v1 %= v2;
          break;

        default:
          M4ERROR ((warning_status, 0,
                    "INTERNAL ERROR: bad operator in mult_term ()"));
          abort ();
        }
    }
  if (op == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
exp_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  uint32_t result;
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  if ((er = unary_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  while ((et = eval_lex (&v2)) == EXPONENT)
    {
      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = exp_term (et, &v2)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      /* Minimize undefined C behavior on overflow.  This code assumes
         that the implementation-defined overflow when casting
         unsigned to signed is a silent twos-complement
         wrap-around.  */
      result = 1;
      if (v2 < 0)
        return NEGATIVE_EXPONENT;
      if (*v1 == 0 && v2 == 0)
        return DIVIDE_ZERO;
      while (v2-- > 0)
        result *= (uint32_t) *v1;
      *v1 = result;
    }
  if (et == ERROR)
    return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

  eval_undo ();
  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
unary_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  eval_error er;

  if (et == PLUS || et == MINUS || et == NOT || et == LNOT)
    {
      eval_token et2 = eval_lex (v1);
      if (et2 == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = unary_term (et2, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      /* Minimize undefined C behavior on overflow.  This code assumes
         that the implementation-defined overflow when casting
         unsigned to signed is a silent twos-complement
         wrap-around.  */
      if (et == MINUS)
        *v1 = (int32_t) -(uint32_t) *v1;
      else if (et == NOT)
        *v1 = ~*v1;
      else if (et == LNOT)
        *v1 = *v1 == 0 ? 1 : 0;
    }
  else if ((er = simple_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
    return er;

  return NO_ERROR;
}

static eval_error
simple_term (eval_token et, int32_t *v1)
{
  int32_t v2;
  eval_error er;

  switch (et)
    {
    case LEFTP:
      et = eval_lex (v1);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if ((er = logical_or_term (et, v1)) != NO_ERROR)
        return er;

      et = eval_lex (&v2);
      if (et == ERROR)
        return UNKNOWN_INPUT;

      if (et != RIGHTP)
        return MISSING_RIGHT;

      break;

    case NUMBER:
      break;

    case BADOP:
      return INVALID_OPERATOR;

    default:
      return SYNTAX_ERROR;
    }
  return NO_ERROR;
}