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diff --git a/doc/m4.info-2 b/doc/m4.info-2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84921f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/m4.info-2 @@ -0,0 +1,923 @@ +This is m4.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.1 from m4.texi. + +This manual (22 September 2013) is for GNU M4 (version 1.4.17), a +package containing an implementation of the m4 macro language. + + Copyright (C) 1989-1994, 2004-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this + document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, + Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software + Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and + no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the + section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License." +INFO-DIR-SECTION Text creation and manipulation +START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY +* M4: (m4). A powerful macro processor. +END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY + + +File: m4.info, Node: Copying This Manual, Next: Indices, Prev: Copying This Package, Up: Top + +Appendix B How to make copies of this manual +******************************************** + +This appendix covers the license for copying this manual. Note that +some of the longer examples in this manual are also distributed in the +directory 'm4-1.4.17/examples/', where a more permissive license is in +effect when copying just the examples. + +* Menu: + +* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual + + +File: m4.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Copying This Manual + +B.1 License for copying this manual +=================================== + + Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 + + Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + <http://fsf.org/> + + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + 0. PREAMBLE + + The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other + functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to + assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, + with or without modifying it, either commercially or + noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the + author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not + being considered responsible for modifications made by others. + + This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative + works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. + It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft + license designed for free software. + + We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for + free software, because free software needs free documentation: a + free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms + that the software does. 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Any attempt + otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, + and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. + + However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your + license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) + provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and + finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the + copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some + reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. + + Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is + reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the + violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have + received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from + that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days + after your receipt of the notice. + + Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate + the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you + under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not + permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the + same material does not give you any rights to use it. + + 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE + + The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of + the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new + versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may + differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See + <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>. + + Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version + number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered + version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you + have the option of following the terms and conditions either of + that specified version or of any later version that has been + published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. 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A + public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. + A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the + site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC + site. + + "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 + license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit + corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, + California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license + published by that same organization. + + "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or + in part, as part of another Document. + + An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this + License, and if all works that were first published under this + License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently + incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover + texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior + to November 1, 2008. + + The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the + site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, + 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. + +ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents +==================================================== + +To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of +the License in the document and put the following copyright and license +notices just after the title page: + + Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. + Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document + under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 + or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; + with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover + Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU + Free Documentation License''. + + If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover +Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: + + with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with + the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts + being LIST. + + If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other +combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the +situation. + + If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free +software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit +their use in free software. + + +File: m4.info, Node: Indices, Prev: Copying This Manual, Up: Top + +Appendix C Indices of concepts and macros +***************************************** + +* Menu: + +* Macro index:: Index for all 'm4' macros +* Concept index:: Index for many concepts + + +File: m4.info, Node: Macro index, Next: Concept index, Up: Indices + +C.1 Index for all 'm4' macros +============================= + +This index covers all 'm4' builtins, as well as several useful composite +macros. References are exclusively to the places where a macro is +introduced the first time. + + +* Menu: + +* __file__: Location. (line 9) +* __gnu__: Platform macros. (line 11) +* __line__: Location. (line 10) +* __os2__: Platform macros. (line 12) +* __program__: Location. (line 11) +* __unix__: Platform macros. (line 14) +* __windows__: Platform macros. (line 16) +* argn: Shift. (line 255) +* array: Define. (line 55) +* array_set: Define. (line 56) +* builtin: Builtin. (line 8) +* capitalize: Patsubst. (line 54) +* changecom: Changecom. (line 9) +* changequote: Changequote. (line 9) +* changeword: Changeword. (line 22) +* cleardivert: Cleardivert. (line 25) +* cond: Shift. (line 51) +* copy: Composition. (line 119) +* curry: Composition. (line 67) +* debugfile: Debug Output. (line 10) +* debugmode: Debug Levels. (line 77) +* decr: Incr. (line 10) +* define: Define. (line 9) +* define_blind: Composition. (line 10) +* defn: Defn. (line 9) +* divert: Divert. (line 8) +* divnum: Divnum. (line 8) +* dnl: Dnl. (line 8) +* downcase: Patsubst. (line 53) +* dquote: Shift. (line 193) +* dquote_elt: Shift. (line 194) +* dumpdef: Dumpdef. (line 9) +* errprint: Errprint. (line 8) +* esyscmd: Esyscmd. (line 8) +* eval: Eval. (line 8) +* example: Manual. (line 39) +* exch: Arguments. (line 12) +* fatal_error: M4exit. (line 24) +* foreach: Foreach. (line 8) +* foreachq: Foreach. (line 9) +* forloop: Forloop. (line 8) +* format: Format. (line 8) +* ifdef: Ifdef. (line 9) +* ifelse: Ifelse. (line 10) +* ifelse <1>: Ifelse. (line 11) +* ifelse <2>: Ifelse. (line 12) +* include: Include. (line 8) +* incr: Incr. (line 9) +* index: Index macro. (line 8) +* indir: Indir. (line 8) +* join: Shift. (line 101) +* joinall: Shift. (line 102) +* len: Len. (line 8) +* m4exit: M4exit. (line 9) +* m4wrap: M4wrap. (line 13) +* maketemp: Mkstemp. (line 11) +* mkstemp: Mkstemp. (line 10) +* nargs: Pseudo Arguments. (line 12) +* os2: Platform macros. (line 13) +* patsubst: Patsubst. (line 8) +* popdef: Pushdef. (line 11) +* pushdef: Pushdef. (line 10) +* quote: Shift. (line 192) +* regexp: Regexp. (line 8) +* rename: Composition. (line 120) +* reverse: Shift. (line 31) +* shift: Shift. (line 16) +* sinclude: Include. (line 9) +* stack_foreach: Stacks. (line 11) +* stack_foreach_lifo: Stacks. (line 12) +* stack_foreach_sep: Improved copy. (line 15) +* stack_foreach_sep_lifo: Improved copy. (line 16) +* substr: Substr. (line 8) +* syscmd: Syscmd. (line 8) +* sysval: Sysval. (line 8) +* traceoff: Trace. (line 10) +* traceon: Trace. (line 9) +* translit: Translit. (line 8) +* undefine: Undefine. (line 8) +* undivert: Undivert. (line 8) +* unix: Platform macros. (line 15) +* upcase: Patsubst. (line 52) +* windows: Platform macros. (line 17) + + +File: m4.info, Node: Concept index, Prev: Macro index, Up: Indices + +C.2 Index for many concepts +=========================== + + +* Menu: + +* argument currying: Composition. (line 63) +* arguments to macros: Macro Arguments. (line 6) +* arguments to macros <1>: Arguments. (line 6) +* arguments to macros, special: Pseudo Arguments. (line 6) +* arguments, joining: Shift. (line 98) +* arguments, more than nine: Arguments. (line 54) +* arguments, more than nine <1>: Shift. (line 250) +* arguments, more than nine <2>: Improved foreach. (line 156) +* arguments, quoted macro: Quoting Arguments. (line 6) +* arguments, reversing: Shift. (line 31) +* arithmetic: Arithmetic. (line 6) +* arrays: Define. (line 52) +* avoiding quadratic behavior: Improved foreach. (line 38) +* basic regular expressions: Regexp. (line 6) +* basic regular expressions <1>: Patsubst. (line 6) +* blind macro: Inhibiting Invocation. + (line 13) +* blind macro <1>: Ifelse. (line 52) +* blind macro <2>: Composition. (line 10) +* bug reports: Bugs. (line 6) +* builtins, indirect call of: Builtin. (line 6) +* builtins, special tokens: Defn. (line 101) +* call of builtins, indirect: Builtin. (line 6) +* call of macros, indirect: Indir. (line 6) +* case statement: Ifelse. (line 69) +* changing comment delimiters: Changecom. (line 6) +* changing quote delimiters: Changequote. (line 6) +* changing syntax: Changeword. (line 6) +* characters, translating: Translit. (line 6) +* command line: Invoking m4. (line 6) +* command line, file names on the: Command line files. (line 6) +* command line, macro definitions on the: Preprocessor features. + (line 6) +* command line, options: Invoking m4. (line 10) +* commands, exit status from shell: Sysval. (line 6) +* commands, running shell: Shell commands. (line 6) +* comment delimiters, changing: Changecom. (line 6) +* comments: Comments. (line 6) +* comments, copied to output: Changecom. (line 29) +* comparing strings: Ifelse. (line 6) +* compatibility: Compatibility. (line 6) +* composing macros: Composition. (line 6) +* concatenating arguments: Shift. (line 98) +* conditional, short-circuiting: Shift. (line 51) +* conditionals: Ifdef. (line 6) +* controlling debugging output: Debug Levels. (line 6) +* copying macros: Composition. (line 116) +* counting loops: Forloop. (line 6) +* currying arguments: Composition. (line 63) +* debugging macros: Debugging. (line 6) +* debugging output, controlling: Debug Levels. (line 6) +* debugging output, saving: Debug Output. (line 6) +* decrement operator: Incr. (line 6) +* deferring expansion: M4wrap. (line 6) +* deferring output: Diversions. (line 6) +* defining new macros: Definitions. (line 6) +* definition stack: Pushdef. (line 6) +* definition stack <1>: Stacks. (line 6) +* definitions, displaying macro: Defn. (line 6) +* definitions, displaying macro <1>: Dumpdef. (line 6) +* deleting macros: Undefine. (line 6) +* deleting whitespace in input: Dnl. (line 6) +* delimiters, changing: Changequote. (line 6) +* delimiters, changing <1>: Changecom. (line 6) +* discarding diverted text: Cleardivert. (line 6) +* discarding input: Ifelse. (line 6) +* discarding input <1>: Dnl. (line 6) +* discarding input <2>: Divert. (line 42) +* displaying macro definitions: Dumpdef. (line 6) +* diversion numbers: Divnum. (line 6) +* diverted text, discarding: Cleardivert. (line 6) +* diverting output to files: Divert. (line 6) +* dumping into frozen file: Using frozen files. (line 6) +* error messages, printing: Errprint. (line 6) +* errors, fatal: Operation modes. (line 19) +* evaluation, of integer expressions: Eval. (line 6) +* examples, understanding: Manual. (line 6) +* executing shell commands: Shell commands. (line 6) +* exit status from shell commands: Sysval. (line 6) +* exiting from 'm4': M4exit. (line 6) +* expansion of macros: Macro expansion. (line 6) +* expansion, deferring: M4wrap. (line 6) +* expansion, tracing macro: Trace. (line 6) +* expressions, evaluation of integer: Eval. (line 6) +* expressions, regular: Regexp. (line 6) +* expressions, regular <1>: Patsubst. (line 6) +* extracting substrings: Substr. (line 6) +* fast loading of frozen files: Using frozen files. (line 6) +* fatal errors: Operation modes. (line 19) +* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. + (line 6) +* file format, frozen file: Frozen file format. (line 6) +* file inclusion: File Inclusion. (line 6) +* file inclusion <1>: Undivert. (line 13) +* file inclusion <2>: Undivert. (line 89) +* file names, on the command line: Command line files. (line 6) +* files, diverting output to: Divert. (line 6) +* files, names of temporary: Mkstemp. (line 6) +* for each loops: Foreach. (line 6) +* for loops: Forloop. (line 6) +* formatted output: Format. (line 6) +* Free Documentation License (FDL), GNU: GNU Free Documentation License. + (line 6) +* frozen file format: Frozen file format. (line 6) +* frozen files for fast loading: Using frozen files. (line 6) +* General Public License (GPL), GNU: GNU General Public License. + (line 6) +* GNU extensions: Inhibiting Invocation. + (line 13) +* GNU extensions <1>: Define. (line 41) +* GNU extensions <2>: Arguments. (line 54) +* GNU extensions <3>: Indir. (line 6) +* GNU extensions <4>: Builtin. (line 6) +* GNU extensions <5>: Debug Levels. (line 74) +* GNU extensions <6>: Debug Output. (line 6) +* GNU extensions <7>: Search Path. (line 6) +* GNU extensions <8>: Divert. (line 54) +* GNU extensions <9>: Undivert. (line 13) +* GNU extensions <10>: Undivert. (line 89) +* GNU extensions <11>: Regexp. (line 6) +* GNU extensions <12>: Patsubst. (line 6) +* GNU extensions <13>: Format. (line 6) +* GNU extensions <14>: Eval. (line 113) +* GNU extensions <15>: Esyscmd. (line 6) +* GNU extensions <16>: Mkstemp. (line 58) +* GNU extensions <17>: Using frozen files. (line 6) +* GNU extensions <18>: Extensions. (line 6) +* GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. + (line 6) +* GNU General Public License: GNU General Public License. + (line 6) +* GNU M4, history of: History. (line 6) +* GPL, GNU General Public License: GNU General Public License. + (line 6) +* history of 'm4': History. (line 6) +* included files, search path for: Search Path. (line 6) +* inclusion, of files: File Inclusion. (line 6) +* inclusion, of files <1>: Undivert. (line 13) +* inclusion, of files <2>: Undivert. (line 89) +* increment operator: Incr. (line 6) +* indirect call of builtins: Builtin. (line 6) +* indirect call of macros: Indir. (line 6) +* initialization, frozen state: Using frozen files. (line 6) +* input location: Preprocessor features. + (line 28) +* input location <1>: Location. (line 6) +* input tokens: Syntax. (line 6) +* input, discarding: Ifelse. (line 6) +* input, discarding <1>: Dnl. (line 6) +* input, discarding <2>: Divert. (line 42) +* input, saving: M4wrap. (line 6) +* integer arithmetic: Arithmetic. (line 6) +* integer expression evaluation: Eval. (line 6) +* invoking 'm4': Invoking m4. (line 6) +* invoking macros: Invocation. (line 6) +* iterating over lists: Foreach. (line 6) +* joining arguments: Shift. (line 98) +* length of strings: Len. (line 6) +* lexical structure of words: Changeword. (line 6) +* License, code: Copying This Package. + (line 6) +* License, manual: Copying This Manual. (line 6) +* limit, nesting: Limits control. (line 43) +* literal output: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106) +* local variables: Pushdef. (line 79) +* location, input: Preprocessor features. + (line 28) +* location, input <1>: Location. (line 6) +* loops: Shift. (line 10) +* loops, counting: Forloop. (line 6) +* loops, list iteration: Foreach. (line 6) +* 'M4PATH': Search Path. (line 9) +* macro composition: Composition. (line 6) +* macro definitions, on the command line: Preprocessor features. + (line 6) +* macro expansion, tracing: Trace. (line 6) +* macro invocation: Invocation. (line 6) +* macro, blind: Inhibiting Invocation. + (line 13) +* macro, blind <1>: Ifelse. (line 52) +* macro, blind <2>: Composition. (line 10) +* macros, arguments to: Macro Arguments. (line 6) +* macros, arguments to <1>: Arguments. (line 6) +* macros, copying: Composition. (line 116) +* macros, debugging: Debugging. (line 6) +* macros, displaying definitions: Defn. (line 6) +* macros, displaying definitions <1>: Dumpdef. (line 6) +* macros, expansion of: Macro expansion. (line 6) +* macros, how to define new: Definitions. (line 6) +* macros, how to delete: Undefine. (line 6) +* macros, how to rename: Defn. (line 6) +* macros, indirect call of: Indir. (line 6) +* macros, quoted arguments to: Quoting Arguments. (line 6) +* macros, recursive: Shift. (line 6) +* macros, special arguments to: Pseudo Arguments. (line 6) +* macros, temporary redefinition of: Pushdef. (line 6) +* manipulating quotes: Shift. (line 189) +* messages, printing error: Errprint. (line 6) +* more than nine arguments: Arguments. (line 54) +* more than nine arguments <1>: Shift. (line 250) +* more than nine arguments <2>: Improved foreach. (line 156) +* multibranches: Ifelse. (line 69) +* names: Names. (line 6) +* nesting limit: Limits control. (line 43) +* nine arguments, more than: Arguments. (line 54) +* nine arguments, more than <1>: Shift. (line 250) +* nine arguments, more than <2>: Improved foreach. (line 156) +* numbers: Manual. (line 57) +* options, command line: Invoking m4. (line 10) +* output, diverting to files: Divert. (line 6) +* output, formatted: Format. (line 6) +* output, literal: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106) +* output, saving debugging: Debug Output. (line 6) +* overview of 'm4': Intro. (line 6) +* pattern substitution: Patsubst. (line 6) +* platform macros: Platform macros. (line 6) +* positional parameters, more than nine: Arguments. (line 54) +* POSIX: Extensions. (line 6) +* 'POSIXLY_CORRECT': Invoking m4. (line 10) +* 'POSIXLY_CORRECT' <1>: Incompatibilities. (line 144) +* preprocessor features: Preprocessor features. + (line 6) +* printing error messages: Errprint. (line 6) +* pushdef stack: Pushdef. (line 6) +* pushdef stack <1>: Stacks. (line 6) +* quadratic behavior, avoiding: Improved foreach. (line 38) +* quote delimiters, changing: Changequote. (line 6) +* quote manipulation: Shift. (line 189) +* quoted macro arguments: Quoting Arguments. (line 6) +* quoted string: Quoted strings. (line 6) +* quoting rule of thumb: Quoting Arguments. (line 22) +* recursive macros: Shift. (line 6) +* redefinition of macros, temporary: Pushdef. (line 6) +* regular expressions: Changeword. (line 6) +* regular expressions <1>: Regexp. (line 6) +* regular expressions <2>: Patsubst. (line 6) +* reloading a frozen file: Using frozen files. (line 6) +* renaming macros: Defn. (line 6) +* renaming macros <1>: Composition. (line 116) +* reporting bugs: Bugs. (line 6) +* rescanning: Limits control. (line 56) +* rescanning <1>: Inhibiting Invocation. + (line 86) +* rescanning <2>: Pseudo Arguments. (line 106) +* rescanning <3>: Defn. (line 61) +* rescanning <4>: Other Incompatibilities. + (line 52) +* reversing arguments: Shift. (line 31) +* rule of thumb, quoting: Quoting Arguments. (line 22) +* running shell commands: Shell commands. (line 6) +* saving debugging output: Debug Output. (line 6) +* saving input: M4wrap. (line 6) +* search path for included files: Search Path. (line 6) +* shell commands, exit status from: Sysval. (line 6) +* shell commands, running: Shell commands. (line 6) +* short-circuiting conditional: Shift. (line 51) +* special arguments to macros: Pseudo Arguments. (line 6) +* stack, macro definition: Pushdef. (line 6) +* stack, macro definition <1>: Stacks. (line 6) +* standard error, output to: Dumpdef. (line 6) +* standard error, output to <1>: Trace. (line 6) +* standard error, output to <2>: Errprint. (line 6) +* status of shell commands: Sysval. (line 6) +* status, setting 'm4' exit: M4exit. (line 6) +* string, quoted: Quoted strings. (line 6) +* strings, length of: Len. (line 6) +* substitution by regular expression: Patsubst. (line 6) +* substrings, extracting: Substr. (line 6) +* substrings, locating: Index macro. (line 6) +* suggestions, reporting: Bugs. (line 6) +* suppressing warnings: Macro Arguments. (line 38) +* switch statement: Ifelse. (line 69) +* synchronization lines: Preprocessor features. + (line 28) +* syntax, changing: Changeword. (line 6) +* temporary file names: Mkstemp. (line 6) +* temporary redefinition of macros: Pushdef. (line 6) +* 'TMPDIR': Diversions. (line 10) +* tokens: Syntax. (line 6) +* tokens, builtin macro: Defn. (line 101) +* tokens, special: Other tokens. (line 6) +* tracing macro expansion: Trace. (line 6) +* translating characters: Translit. (line 6) +* undefining macros: Undefine. (line 6) +* UNIX commands, exit status from: Sysval. (line 6) +* UNIX commands, running: Shell commands. (line 6) +* variables, local: Pushdef. (line 79) +* warnings, suppressing: Macro Arguments. (line 38) +* words: Names. (line 6) +* words, lexical structure of: Changeword. (line 6) + |