bytes: add Buffer.Available and Buffer.AvailableBuffer

This adds a new Buffer.AvailableBuffer method that returns
an empty buffer with a possibly non-empty capacity for use
with append-like APIs.

The typical usage pattern is something like:

	b := bb.AvailableBuffer()
	b = appendValue(b, v)
	bb.Write(b)

It allows logic combining append-like APIs with Buffer
to avoid needing to allocate and manage buffers themselves and
allows the append-like APIs to directly write into the Buffer.

The Buffer.Write method uses the builtin copy function,
which avoids copying bytes if the source and destination are identical.
Thus, Buffer.Write is a constant-time call for this pattern.

Performance:

	BenchmarkBufferAppendNoCopy  2.909 ns/op  5766942167.24 MB/s

This benchmark should only be testing the cost of bookkeeping
and never the copying of the input slice.
Thus, the MB/s should be orders of magnitude faster than RAM.

Fixes #53685

Change-Id: I0b41e54361339df309db8d03527689b123f99085
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/474635
Run-TryBot: Joseph Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Martí <mvdan@mvdan.cc>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Auto-Submit: Joseph Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>

1 files changed, 2 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/api/next/53685.txt b/api/next/53685.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..332c1c8723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/next/53685.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pkg bytes, method (*Buffer) Available() int #53685
+pkg bytes, method (*Buffer) AvailableBuffer() []uint8 #53685