path: root/doc/protocol/draft-ietf-tls-extractor-01.txt

Network Working Group                                        E. Rescorla
Internet-Draft                                         Network Resonance
Intended status:  Standards Track                      February 20, 2008
Expires:  August 23, 2008


     Keying Material Extractors for Transport Layer Security (TLS)
                    draft-ietf-tls-extractor-01.txt

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008).

Abstract

   A number of protocols wish to leverage Transport Layer Security (TLS)
   to perform key establishment but then use some of the keying material
   for their own purposes.  This document describes a general mechanism
   for allowing that.







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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   2.  Conventions Used In This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   3.  Binding to Application Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   4.  Extractor Definition  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
   7.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
     8.2.  Informational References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements  . . . . . . . . . . 7





































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1.  Introduction

   A number of protocols wish to leverage Transport Layer Security (TLS)
   [RFC4346] or Datagram TLS (DTLS) [RFC4347] to perform key
   establishment but then use some of the keying material for their own
   purposes.  A typical example is DTLS-SRTP [I-D.ietf-avt-dtls-srtp],
   which uses DTLS to perform a key exchange and negotiate the SRTP
   [RFC3711] protection suite and then uses the DTLS master_secret to
   generate the SRTP keys.

   These applications imply a need to be able to extract keying material
   (later called Exported Keying Material or EKM) from TLS/DTLS, and
   securely agree on the upper-layer context where the keying material
   will be used.  The mechanism for extracting the keying material has
   the following requirements:

   o  Both client and server need to be able to extract the same EKM
      value.
   o  EKM values should be indistinguishable from random by attackers
      who don't know the master_secret.
   o  It should be possible to extract multiple EKM values from the same
      TLS/DTLS association.
   o  Knowing one EKM value should not reveal any information about the
      master_secret or about other EKM values.

   The mechanism described in this document is intended to fill these
   requirements.


2.  Conventions Used In This Document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].


3.  Binding to Application Contexts

   In addition to extracting keying material, an application using the
   keying material has to securely establish the upper-layer layer
   context where the keying material will be used.  The details of this
   context depend on the application, but it could include things such
   as algorithms and parameters that will be used with the keys,
   identifier(s) for the endpoint(s) who will use the keys,
   identifier(s) for the session(s) where the keys will be used, and the
   lifetime(s) for the context and/or keys.  At minimum, there should be
   some mechanism for signalling that an extractor will be used.




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   This specification does not mandate a single mechanism for agreeing
   on such context; instead, there are several possibilities that can be
   used (and can complement each other).  For example:

   o  One important part of the context -- which application will use
      the extracted keys -- is given by the disambiguating label string
      (see Section 4).
   o  Information about the upper-layer context can be included in the
      optional data after the extractor label (see Section 4).
   o  Information about the upper-layer context can be exchanged in TLS
      extensions included in the ClientHello and ServerHello messages.
      This approach is used in [DTLS-SRTP].  The handshake messages are
      protected by the Finished messages, so once the handshake
      completes, the peers will have the same view of the information.
      Extensions also allow a limited form of negotiation:  for example,
      the TLS client could propose several alternatives for some context
      parameters, and TLS server could select one of them.
   o  The upper-layer protocol can include its own handshake which can
      be protected using the keys extracted from TLS.

   It is important to note that just embedding TLS messages in the
   upper-layer protocol may not automatically secure all the important
   context information, since the upper-layer messages are not covered
   by TLS Finished messages.


4.  Extractor Definition

   An extractor takes as input three values:

   o  A disambiguating label string
   o  A per-association context value provided by the extractor using
      application
   o  A length value

   It then computes:


          PRF(master_secret, label,
              SecurityParameters.client_random +
              SecurityParameters.server_random +
              context_value_length + context_value
              )[length]

   The output is a pseudorandom bit string of length bytes generated
   from the master_secret.

   Label values beginning with "EXPERIMENTAL" MAY be used for private



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   use without registration.  All other label values MUST be registered
   via Specification Required as described by RFC 2434 [RFC2434].  Note
   that extractor labels have the potential to collide with existing PRF
   labels.  In order to prevent this, labels SHOULD begin with
   "EXTRACTOR".  This is not a MUST because there are existing uses
   which have labels which do not begin with this prefix.

   The context value allows the application using the extractor to mix
   its own data with the TLS PRF for the extractor output.  The context
   value length is encoded as an unsigned 16-bit quantity (uint16)
   representing the length of the context value.


5.  Security Considerations

   Because an extractor produces the same value if applied twice with
   the same label to the same master_secret, it is critical that two EKM
   values generated with the same label be used for two different
   purposes--hence the requirement for IANA registration.  However,
   because extractors depend on the TLS PRF, it is not a threat to the
   use of an EKM value generated from one label to reveal an EKM value
   generated from another label.


6.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to create (has created) a TLS Extractor Label
   registry for this purpose.  The initial contents of the registry are
   given below:

      Value                          Reference
      -----                          ------------
      client finished                [RFC4346]
      server finished                [RFC4346]
      master secret                  [RFC4346]
      key expansion                  [RFC4346]
      client EAP encryption          [RFC2716]
      ttls keying material           [draft-funk-eap-ttls-v0-01]

   Future values are allocated via RFC2434 Specification Required
   policy.  The label is a string consisting of printable ASCII
   characters.  IANA MUST also verify that one label is not a prefix of
   any other label.  For example, labels "key" or "master secretary" are
   forbidden.







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7.  Acknowledgments

   Thanks to Pasi Eronen for valuable comments and the contents of the
   IANA section and Section 3.


8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2434]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
              IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
              October 1998.

   [RFC4346]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1", RFC 4346, April 2006.

8.2.  Informational References

   [RFC4347]  Rescorla, E. and N. Modadugu, "Datagram Transport Layer
              Security", RFC 4347, April 2006.

   [RFC3711]  Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
              Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
              RFC 3711, March 2004.

   [I-D.ietf-avt-dtls-srtp]
              McGrew, D. and E. Rescorla, "Datagram Transport Layer
              Security (DTLS) Extension to Establish Keys for  Secure
              Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
              draft-ietf-avt-dtls-srtp-01 (work in progress),
              November 2007.


Author's Address

   Eric Rescorla
   Network Resonance
   2064 Edgewood Drive
   Palo Alto, CA  94303
   USA

   Email:  ekr@networkresonance.com





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