diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'gcc/fortran')
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/ChangeLog | 144 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/check.c | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/decl.c | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/expr.c | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/f95-lang.c | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/frontend-passes.c | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/gfortran.info | 13027 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/interface.c | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/intrinsic.texi | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/invoke.texi | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/io.c | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/match.c | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/module.c | 22 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/parse.c | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/resolve.c | 18 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/scanner.c | 18 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/simplify.c | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/symbol.c | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gcc/fortran/trans-openmp.c | 15 |
19 files changed, 6854 insertions, 6477 deletions
diff --git a/gcc/fortran/ChangeLog b/gcc/fortran/ChangeLog index 5896eeb392..e93be2cb8c 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/ChangeLog +++ b/gcc/fortran/ChangeLog @@ -1,7 +1,151 @@ +2015-07-16 Release Manager + + * GCC 5.2.0 released. + +2015-06-24 Mikael Morin <mikael@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66549 + * resolve.c (resolve_global_procedure): Don't save and restore + OpenMP state around the call to gfc_resolve. + (gfc_resolve): Save OpenMP state on entry and restore it on return. + +2015-06-14 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66385 + Backport from trunk + * frontend-passes.c (combine_array_constructor): Return early if + inside a FORALL loop. + +2015-06-14 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@gcc.gnu.org> + + * intrinsic.texi: Change \leq to < in descrition of imaginary + part in argument to log. + +2015-06-11 Pierre-Marie de Rodat <derodat@adacore.com> + + * f95-lang.c (gfc_create_decls): Register the main translation unit + through the new debug hook. + +2015-06-08 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66245 + * match.c (gfc_match_type_is, gfc_match_class_is): Check if the + return type spec or derived type spec is validate. + +2015-06-05 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66347 + * resolve.c (apply_default_init_local): Do not dereference a NULL + pointer. + +2015-06-05 Russell Whitesides <russelldub@gmail.com> + Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/40958 + PR fortran/60780 + PR fortran/66377 + * module.c (load_equiv): Add check for loading duplicate EQUIVALENCEs + from different modules. Eliminate the pruning of unused + equivalence-objects + + +2015-06-02 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66380 + * simplify.c (gfc_simplify_reshape): Convert assert into returning + NULL, which triggers an error condition. + +2015-05-29 Mikael Morin <mikael@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66257 + * resolve.c (resolve_actual_arglist): Don't throw an error + if the argument with procedure pointer component is not a variable. + +2015-05-22 Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com> + + Backported from mainline + 2015-05-19 Jakub Jelinek <jakub@redhat.com> + + PR middle-end/66199 + * trans-openmp.c (gfc_trans_omp_teams): Set OMP_TEAMS_COMBINED for + combined constructs. + (gfc_trans_omp_target): Make sure BIND_EXPR has non-NULL + BIND_EXPR_BLOCK. + +2015-05-19 Jerry DeLisle <jvdelisle@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/65903 + * io.c (format_lex): Change to NONSTRING when checking for + possible doubled quote. + * scanner.c (gfc_next_char_literal): Revert change from 64506 + and add a check for quotes and return. + +2015-05-19 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66106 + * interface.c(gfc_match_end_interface): Enforce F2008 C1202 (R1201). + * match.c(gfc_op2string): Return 'none' for INTRINSIC_NONE. + +2015-05-19 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66057 + * decl.c(gfc_match_generic): Detected a malformed GENERIC statement. + +2015-05-19 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66052 + * decl.c(gfc_match_protected): Prevent dereference of NULL pointer. + +2015-05-19 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66045 + * expr.c (gfc_check_assign): Check for assignment of NULL() instead + of the (intended) pointer assignment. + +2015-05-19 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66044 + * decl.c(gfc_match_entry): Change a gfc_internal_error() into + a gfc_error() + +2015-05-19 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66043 + * check.c (gfc_check_storage_size): Prevent the direct use of NULL() + in STORAGE_SIZE() reference. + +2015-05-19 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66040 + * parse.c(verify_st_order): Replace a gfc_internal_error with your + generic gfc_error. + +2015-05-19 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/66039 + * io.c (match_filepos): Check for incomplete/mangled REWIND, FLUSH, + BACKSPACE, and ENDFILE statements + +2015-05-19 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/64925 + * symbol.c(check_conflict): Check for a conflict between a dummy + argument and an internal procedure name. + +2015-05-02 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/65976 + * invoke.texi: Remove 'no-' in '-fno-fixed-form' + 2015-04-22 Release Manager * GCC 5.1.0 released. +2015-04-22 Steven G. Kargl <kargl@gcc.gnu.org> + + PR fortran/65429 + * decl.c (add_init_expr_to_sym): Set the length type parameter. + 2015-04-10 Tobias Burnus <burnus@net-b.de> * trans-stmt.c (gfc_trans_lock_unlock): Implement -fcoarray=lib diff --git a/gcc/fortran/check.c b/gcc/fortran/check.c index cdb5ff1cba..dec431bc2e 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/check.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/check.c @@ -6213,6 +6213,15 @@ gfc_check_and (gfc_expr *i, gfc_expr *j) bool gfc_check_storage_size (gfc_expr *a, gfc_expr *kind) { + + if (a->expr_type == EXPR_NULL) + { + gfc_error ("Intrinsic function NULL at %L cannot be an actual " + "argument to STORAGE_SIZE, because it returns a " + "disassociated pointer", &a->where); + return false; + } + if (a->ts.type == BT_ASSUMED) { gfc_error ("%qs argument of %qs intrinsic at %L shall not be TYPE(*)", diff --git a/gcc/fortran/decl.c b/gcc/fortran/decl.c index 037a8cc47c..c31180d3ef 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/decl.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/decl.c @@ -1404,9 +1404,7 @@ add_init_expr_to_sym (const char *name, gfc_expr **initp, locus *var_locus) } else if (init->expr_type == EXPR_ARRAY) { - gfc_constructor *c; - c = gfc_constructor_first (init->value.constructor); - clen = c->expr->value.character.length; + clen = mpz_get_si (init->ts.u.cl->length->value.integer); sym->ts.u.cl->length = gfc_get_int_expr (gfc_default_integer_kind, NULL, clen); @@ -5594,7 +5592,7 @@ gfc_match_entry (void) "a contained subprogram"); break; default: - gfc_internal_error ("gfc_match_entry(): Bad state"); + gfc_error ("Unexpected ENTRY statement at %C"); } return MATCH_ERROR; } @@ -6970,7 +6968,8 @@ gfc_match_protected (void) gfc_symbol *sym; match m; - if (gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.flavor != FL_MODULE) + if (!gfc_current_ns->proc_name + || gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.flavor != FL_MODULE) { gfc_error ("PROTECTED at %C only allowed in specification " "part of a module"); @@ -8512,6 +8511,11 @@ gfc_match_generic (void) gfc_op2string (op)); break; + case INTERFACE_NAMELESS: + gfc_error ("Malformed GENERIC statement at %C"); + goto error; + break; + default: gcc_unreachable (); } diff --git a/gcc/fortran/expr.c b/gcc/fortran/expr.c index ab6f7a5220..cc382d3424 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/expr.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/expr.c @@ -3118,19 +3118,22 @@ gfc_check_assign (gfc_expr *lvalue, gfc_expr *rvalue, int conform) bad_proc = true; /* (ii) The assignment is in the main program; or */ - if (gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.is_main_program) + if (gfc_current_ns->proc_name + && gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.is_main_program) bad_proc = true; /* (iii) A module or internal procedure... */ - if ((gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.proc == PROC_INTERNAL - || gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.proc == PROC_MODULE) + if (gfc_current_ns->proc_name + && (gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.proc == PROC_INTERNAL + || gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.proc == PROC_MODULE) && gfc_current_ns->parent && (!(gfc_current_ns->parent->proc_name->attr.function || gfc_current_ns->parent->proc_name->attr.subroutine) || gfc_current_ns->parent->proc_name->attr.is_main_program)) { /* ... that is not a function... */ - if (!gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.function) + if (gfc_current_ns->proc_name + && !gfc_current_ns->proc_name->attr.function) bad_proc = true; /* ... or is not an entry and has a different name. */ diff --git a/gcc/fortran/f95-lang.c b/gcc/fortran/f95-lang.c index de9c813bc5..85d0ee3118 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/f95-lang.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/f95-lang.c @@ -215,6 +215,7 @@ gfc_create_decls (void) /* Build our translation-unit decl. */ current_translation_unit = build_translation_unit_decl (NULL_TREE); + debug_hooks->register_main_translation_unit (current_translation_unit); } diff --git a/gcc/fortran/frontend-passes.c b/gcc/fortran/frontend-passes.c index 446ef196e2..d5d54cedda 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/frontend-passes.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/frontend-passes.c @@ -1205,6 +1205,10 @@ combine_array_constructor (gfc_expr *e) if (in_assoc_list) return false; + /* With FORALL, the BLOCKS created by create_var will cause an ICE. */ + if (forall_level > 0) + return false; + op1 = e->value.op.op1; op2 = e->value.op.op2; diff --git a/gcc/fortran/gfortran.info b/gcc/fortran/gfortran.info index 23da9d5236..bc1d1c6ec2 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/gfortran.info +++ b/gcc/fortran/gfortran.info @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -This is gfortran.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.2 from -gfortran.texi. +This is doc/gfortran.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.12 from +/space/rguenther/gcc-5.2.0/gcc-5.2.0/gcc/fortran/gfortran.texi. Copyright (C) 1999-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ Free Documentation License". (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU -software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds -for GNU development. +software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise +funds for GNU development. + INFO-DIR-SECTION Software development START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * gfortran: (gfortran). The GNU Fortran Compiler. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY - This file documents the use and the internals of the GNU Fortran -compiler, ('gfortran'). +compiler, (`gfortran'). Published by the Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA @@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ Free Documentation License". (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU -software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds -for GNU development. +software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise +funds for GNU development. File: gfortran.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) @@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) Introduction ************ -This manual documents the use of 'gfortran', the GNU Fortran compiler. -You can find in this manual how to invoke 'gfortran', as well as its +This manual documents the use of `gfortran', the GNU Fortran compiler. +You can find in this manual how to invoke `gfortran', as well as its features and incompatibilities. * Menu: @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ features and incompatibilities. * Introduction:: Part I: Invoking GNU Fortran -* Invoking GNU Fortran:: Command options supported by 'gfortran'. +* Invoking GNU Fortran:: Command options supported by `gfortran'. * Runtime:: Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables. Part II: Language Reference @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Invoking GNU Fortran, Prev: To ************** The GNU Fortran compiler front end was designed initially as a free -replacement for, or alternative to, the Unix 'f95' command; 'gfortran' +replacement for, or alternative to, the Unix `f95' command; `gfortran' is the command you will use to invoke the compiler. * Menu: @@ -117,74 +117,74 @@ completely, parts of the Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008 standards, and several vendor extensions. The development goal is to provide the following features: - * Read a user's program, stored in a file and containing instructions - written in Fortran 77, Fortran 90, Fortran 95, Fortran 2003 or - Fortran 2008. This file contains "source code". + * Read a user's program, stored in a file and containing + instructions written in Fortran 77, Fortran 90, Fortran 95, + Fortran 2003 or Fortran 2008. This file contains "source code". - * Translate the user's program into instructions a computer can carry - out more quickly than it takes to translate the instructions in the - first place. The result after compilation of a program is "machine - code", code designed to be efficiently translated and processed by - a machine such as your computer. Humans usually are not as good - writing machine code as they are at writing Fortran (or C++, Ada, - or Java), because it is easy to make tiny mistakes writing machine - code. + * Translate the user's program into instructions a computer can + carry out more quickly than it takes to translate the instructions + in the first place. The result after compilation of a program is + "machine code", code designed to be efficiently translated and + processed by a machine such as your computer. Humans usually are + not as good writing machine code as they are at writing Fortran + (or C++, Ada, or Java), because it is easy to make tiny mistakes + writing machine code. * Provide the user with information about the reasons why the compiler is unable to create a binary from the source code. Usually this will be the case if the source code is flawed. The Fortran 90 standard requires that the compiler can point out - mistakes to the user. An incorrect usage of the language causes an - "error message". + mistakes to the user. An incorrect usage of the language causes + an "error message". The compiler will also attempt to diagnose cases where the user's - program contains a correct usage of the language, but instructs the - computer to do something questionable. This kind of diagnostics - message is called a "warning message". + program contains a correct usage of the language, but instructs + the computer to do something questionable. This kind of + diagnostics message is called a "warning message". * Provide optional information about the translation passes from the source code to machine code. This can help a user of the compiler to find the cause of certain bugs which may not be obvious in the - source code, but may be more easily found at a lower level compiler - output. It also helps developers to find bugs in the compiler - itself. + source code, but may be more easily found at a lower level + compiler output. It also helps developers to find bugs in the + compiler itself. * Provide information in the generated machine code that can make it easier to find bugs in the program (using a debugging tool, called - a "debugger", such as the GNU Debugger 'gdb'). + a "debugger", such as the GNU Debugger `gdb'). - * Locate and gather machine code already generated to perform actions - requested by statements in the user's program. This machine code - is organized into "modules" and is located and "linked" to the user - program. + * Locate and gather machine code already generated to perform + actions requested by statements in the user's program. This + machine code is organized into "modules" and is located and + "linked" to the user program. The GNU Fortran compiler consists of several components: - * A version of the 'gcc' command (which also might be installed as - the system's 'cc' command) that also understands and accepts - Fortran source code. The 'gcc' command is the "driver" program for - all the languages in the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC); With 'gcc', + * A version of the `gcc' command (which also might be installed as + the system's `cc' command) that also understands and accepts + Fortran source code. The `gcc' command is the "driver" program for + all the languages in the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC); With `gcc', you can compile the source code of any language for which a front end is available in GCC. - * The 'gfortran' command itself, which also might be installed as the - system's 'f95' command. 'gfortran' is just another driver program, + * The `gfortran' command itself, which also might be installed as the + system's `f95' command. `gfortran' is just another driver program, but specifically for the Fortran compiler only. The difference - with 'gcc' is that 'gfortran' will automatically link the correct + with `gcc' is that `gfortran' will automatically link the correct libraries to your program. * A collection of run-time libraries. These libraries contain the - machine code needed to support capabilities of the Fortran language - that are not directly provided by the machine code generated by the - 'gfortran' compilation phase, such as intrinsic functions and - subroutines, and routines for interaction with files and the - operating system. + machine code needed to support capabilities of the Fortran + language that are not directly provided by the machine code + generated by the `gfortran' compilation phase, such as intrinsic + functions and subroutines, and routines for interaction with files + and the operating system. - * The Fortran compiler itself, ('f951'). This is the GNU Fortran + * The Fortran compiler itself, (`f951'). This is the GNU Fortran parser and code generator, linked to and interfaced with the GCC - backend library. 'f951' "translates" the source code to assembler + backend library. `f951' "translates" the source code to assembler code. You would typically not use this program directly; instead, - the 'gcc' or 'gfortran' driver programs will call it for you. + the `gcc' or `gfortran' driver programs will call it for you. File: gfortran.info, Node: GNU Fortran and GCC, Next: Preprocessing and conditional compilation, Prev: About GNU Fortran, Up: Introduction @@ -195,36 +195,36 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: GNU Fortran and GCC, Next: Preprocessing and condit GNU Fortran is a part of GCC, the "GNU Compiler Collection". GCC consists of a collection of front ends for various languages, which translate the source code into a language-independent form called -"GENERIC". This is then processed by a common middle end which provides -optimization, and then passed to one of a collection of back ends which -generate code for different computer architectures and operating -systems. - - Functionally, this is implemented with a driver program ('gcc') which -provides the command-line interface for the compiler. It calls the -relevant compiler front-end program (e.g., 'f951' for Fortran) for each -file in the source code, and then calls the assembler and linker as -appropriate to produce the compiled output. In a copy of GCC which has -been compiled with Fortran language support enabled, 'gcc' will -recognize files with '.f', '.for', '.ftn', '.f90', '.f95', '.f03' and -'.f08' extensions as Fortran source code, and compile it accordingly. A -'gfortran' driver program is also provided, which is identical to 'gcc' -except that it automatically links the Fortran runtime libraries into -the compiled program. - - Source files with '.f', '.for', '.fpp', '.ftn', '.F', '.FOR', '.FPP', -and '.FTN' extensions are treated as fixed form. Source files with -'.f90', '.f95', '.f03', '.f08', '.F90', '.F95', '.F03' and '.F08' -extensions are treated as free form. The capitalized versions of either -form are run through preprocessing. Source files with the lower case -'.fpp' extension are also run through preprocessing. +"GENERIC". This is then processed by a common middle end which +provides optimization, and then passed to one of a collection of back +ends which generate code for different computer architectures and +operating systems. + + Functionally, this is implemented with a driver program (`gcc') +which provides the command-line interface for the compiler. It calls +the relevant compiler front-end program (e.g., `f951' for Fortran) for +each file in the source code, and then calls the assembler and linker +as appropriate to produce the compiled output. In a copy of GCC which +has been compiled with Fortran language support enabled, `gcc' will +recognize files with `.f', `.for', `.ftn', `.f90', `.f95', `.f03' and +`.f08' extensions as Fortran source code, and compile it accordingly. +A `gfortran' driver program is also provided, which is identical to +`gcc' except that it automatically links the Fortran runtime libraries +into the compiled program. + + Source files with `.f', `.for', `.fpp', `.ftn', `.F', `.FOR', +`.FPP', and `.FTN' extensions are treated as fixed form. Source files +with `.f90', `.f95', `.f03', `.f08', `.F90', `.F95', `.F03' and `.F08' +extensions are treated as free form. The capitalized versions of +either form are run through preprocessing. Source files with the lower +case `.fpp' extension are also run through preprocessing. This manual specifically documents the Fortran front end, which -handles the programming language's syntax and semantics. The aspects of -GCC which relate to the optimization passes and the back-end code +handles the programming language's syntax and semantics. The aspects +of GCC which relate to the optimization passes and the back-end code generation are documented in the GCC manual; see *note Introduction: -(gcc)Top. The two manuals together provide a complete reference for the -GNU Fortran compiler. +(gcc)Top. The two manuals together provide a complete reference for +the GNU Fortran compiler. File: gfortran.info, Node: Preprocessing and conditional compilation, Next: GNU Fortran and G77, Prev: GNU Fortran and GCC, Up: Introduction @@ -234,29 +234,30 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Preprocessing and conditional compilation, Next: GN Many Fortran compilers including GNU Fortran allow passing the source code through a C preprocessor (CPP; sometimes also called the Fortran -preprocessor, FPP) to allow for conditional compilation. In the case of -GNU Fortran, this is the GNU C Preprocessor in the traditional mode. On -systems with case-preserving file names, the preprocessor is -automatically invoked if the filename extension is '.F', '.FOR', '.FTN', -'.fpp', '.FPP', '.F90', '.F95', '.F03' or '.F08'. To manually invoke -the preprocessor on any file, use '-cpp', to disable preprocessing on -files where the preprocessor is run automatically, use '-nocpp'. +preprocessor, FPP) to allow for conditional compilation. In the case +of GNU Fortran, this is the GNU C Preprocessor in the traditional mode. +On systems with case-preserving file names, the preprocessor is +automatically invoked if the filename extension is `.F', `.FOR', +`.FTN', `.fpp', `.FPP', `.F90', `.F95', `.F03' or `.F08'. To manually +invoke the preprocessor on any file, use `-cpp', to disable +preprocessing on files where the preprocessor is run automatically, use +`-nocpp'. If a preprocessed file includes another file with the Fortran -'INCLUDE' statement, the included file is not preprocessed. To +`INCLUDE' statement, the included file is not preprocessed. To preprocess included files, use the equivalent preprocessor statement -'#include'. +`#include'. - If GNU Fortran invokes the preprocessor, '__GFORTRAN__' is defined -and '__GNUC__', '__GNUC_MINOR__' and '__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__' can be used -to determine the version of the compiler. See *note Overview: (cpp)Top. -for details. + If GNU Fortran invokes the preprocessor, `__GFORTRAN__' is defined +and `__GNUC__', `__GNUC_MINOR__' and `__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__' can be used +to determine the version of the compiler. See *note Overview: +(cpp)Top. for details. While CPP is the de-facto standard for preprocessing Fortran code, Part 3 of the Fortran 95 standard (ISO/IEC 1539-3:1998) defines Conditional Compilation, which is not widely used and not directly supported by the GNU Fortran compiler. You can use the program coco to -preprocess such files (<http://www.daniellnagle.com/coco.html>). +preprocess such files (`http://www.daniellnagle.com/coco.html'). File: gfortran.info, Node: GNU Fortran and G77, Next: Project Status, Prev: Preprocessing and conditional compilation, Up: Introduction @@ -264,12 +265,12 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: GNU Fortran and G77, Next: Project Status, Prev: P 1.4 GNU Fortran and G77 ======================= -The GNU Fortran compiler is the successor to 'g77', the Fortran 77 front -end included in GCC prior to version 4. It is an entirely new program -that has been designed to provide Fortran 95 support and extensibility -for future Fortran language standards, as well as providing backwards -compatibility for Fortran 77 and nearly all of the GNU language -extensions supported by 'g77'. +The GNU Fortran compiler is the successor to `g77', the Fortran 77 +front end included in GCC prior to version 4. It is an entirely new +program that has been designed to provide Fortran 95 support and +extensibility for future Fortran language standards, as well as +providing backwards compatibility for Fortran 77 and nearly all of the +GNU language extensions supported by `g77'. File: gfortran.info, Node: Project Status, Next: Standards, Prev: GNU Fortran and G77, Up: Introduction @@ -277,16 +278,16 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Project Status, Next: Standards, Prev: GNU Fortran 1.5 Project Status ================== - As soon as 'gfortran' can parse all of the statements correctly, it - will be in the "larva" state. When we generate code, the "puppa" - state. When 'gfortran' is done, we'll see if it will be a + As soon as `gfortran' can parse all of the statements correctly, + it will be in the "larva" state. When we generate code, the + "puppa" state. When `gfortran' is done, we'll see if it will be a beautiful butterfly, or just a big bug.... -Andy Vaught, April 2000 The start of the GNU Fortran 95 project was announced on the GCC -homepage in March 18, 2000 (even though Andy had already been working on -it for a while, of course). +homepage in March 18, 2000 (even though Andy had already been working +on it for a while, of course). The GNU Fortran compiler is able to compile nearly all standard-compliant Fortran 95, Fortran 90, and Fortran 77 programs, @@ -295,9 +296,9 @@ used on real-world programs. In particular, the supported extensions include OpenMP, Cray-style pointers, and several Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008 features, including TR 15581. However, it is still under development and has a few remaining rough edges. There also is initial -support for OpenACC. Note that this is an experimental feature, -incomplete, and subject to change in future versions of GCC. See -<https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/OpenACC> for more information. +support for OpenACC. Note that this is an experimental feature, +incomplete, and subject to change in future versions of GCC. See +`https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/OpenACC' for more information. At present, the GNU Fortran compiler passes the NIST Fortran 77 Test Suite (http://www.fortran-2000.com/ArnaudRecipes/fcvs21_f95.html), and @@ -311,12 +312,12 @@ compile a number of large real-world programs, including the HARMONIE and HIRLAM weather forecasting code (http://hirlam.org/) and the Tonto quantum chemistry package (http://physical-chemistry.scb.uwa.edu.au/tonto/wiki/index.php/Main_Page); -see <https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GfortranApps> for an extended list. +see `https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GfortranApps' for an extended list. Among other things, the GNU Fortran compiler is intended as a replacement for G77. At this point, nearly all programs that could be -compiled with G77 can be compiled with GNU Fortran, although there are a -few minor known regressions. +compiled with G77 can be compiled with GNU Fortran, although there are +a few minor known regressions. The primary work remaining to be done on GNU Fortran falls into three categories: bug fixing (primarily regarding the treatment of invalid @@ -335,26 +336,26 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Standards, Prev: Project Status, Up: Introduction * Varying Length Character Strings:: -The GNU Fortran compiler implements ISO/IEC 1539:1997 (Fortran 95). As -such, it can also compile essentially all standard-compliant Fortran 90 -and Fortran 77 programs. It also supports the ISO/IEC TR-15581 + The GNU Fortran compiler implements ISO/IEC 1539:1997 (Fortran 95). +As such, it can also compile essentially all standard-compliant Fortran +90 and Fortran 77 programs. It also supports the ISO/IEC TR-15581 enhancements to allocatable arrays. GNU Fortran also have a partial support for ISO/IEC 1539-1:2004 (Fortran 2003), ISO/IEC 1539-1:2010 (Fortran 2008), the Technical -Specification 'Further Interoperability of Fortran with C' (ISO/IEC TS +Specification `Further Interoperability of Fortran with C' (ISO/IEC TS 29113:2012). Full support of those standards and future Fortran -standards is planned. The current status of the support is can be found -in the *note Fortran 2003 status::, *note Fortran 2008 status:: and -*note TS 29113 status:: sections of the documentation. +standards is planned. The current status of the support is can be +found in the *note Fortran 2003 status::, *note Fortran 2008 status:: +and *note TS 29113 status:: sections of the documentation. Additionally, the GNU Fortran compilers supports the OpenMP specification (version 4.0, -<http://openmp.org/wp/openmp-specifications/>). There also is initial +`http://openmp.org/wp/openmp-specifications/'). There also is initial support for the OpenACC specification (targeting version 2.0, -<http://www.openacc.org/>). Note that this is an experimental feature, -incomplete, and subject to change in future versions of GCC. See -<https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/OpenACC> for more information. +`http://www.openacc.org/'). Note that this is an experimental feature, +incomplete, and subject to change in future versions of GCC. See +`https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/OpenACC' for more information. File: gfortran.info, Node: Varying Length Character Strings, Up: Standards @@ -366,13 +367,13 @@ The Fortran 95 standard specifies in Part 2 (ISO/IEC 1539-2:2000) varying length character strings. While GNU Fortran currently does not support such strings directly, there exist two Fortran implementations for them, which work with GNU Fortran. They can be found at -<http://www.fortran.com/iso_varying_string.f95> and at -<ftp://ftp.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/ISO_VARYING_STRING/>. +`http://www.fortran.com/iso_varying_string.f95' and at +`ftp://ftp.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/ISO_VARYING_STRING/'. Deferred-length character strings of Fortran 2003 supports part of -the features of 'ISO_VARYING_STRING' and should be considered as -replacement. (Namely, allocatable or pointers of the type -'character(len=:)'.) +the features of `ISO_VARYING_STRING' and should be considered as +replacement. (Namely, allocatable or pointers of the type +`character(len=:)'.) File: gfortran.info, Node: Invoking GNU Fortran, Next: Runtime, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top @@ -380,25 +381,25 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Invoking GNU Fortran, Next: Runtime, Prev: Introdu 2 GNU Fortran Command Options ***************************** -The 'gfortran' command supports all the options supported by the 'gcc' +The `gfortran' command supports all the options supported by the `gcc' command. Only options specific to GNU Fortran are documented here. *Note GCC Command Options: (gcc)Invoking GCC, for information on the -non-Fortran-specific aspects of the 'gcc' command (and, therefore, the -'gfortran' command). +non-Fortran-specific aspects of the `gcc' command (and, therefore, the +`gfortran' command). - All GCC and GNU Fortran options are accepted both by 'gfortran' and -by 'gcc' (as well as any other drivers built at the same time, such as -'g++'), since adding GNU Fortran to the GCC distribution enables + All GCC and GNU Fortran options are accepted both by `gfortran' and +by `gcc' (as well as any other drivers built at the same time, such as +`g++'), since adding GNU Fortran to the GCC distribution enables acceptance of GNU Fortran options by all of the relevant drivers. - In some cases, options have positive and negative forms; the negative -form of '-ffoo' would be '-fno-foo'. This manual documents only one of -these two forms, whichever one is not the default. + In some cases, options have positive and negative forms; the +negative form of `-ffoo' would be `-fno-foo'. This manual documents +only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default. * Menu: -* Option Summary:: Brief list of all 'gfortran' options, +* Option Summary:: Brief list of all `gfortran' options, without explanations. * Fortran Dialect Options:: Controlling the variant of Fortran language compiled. @@ -410,7 +411,7 @@ these two forms, whichever one is not the default. * Runtime Options:: Influencing runtime behavior * Code Gen Options:: Specifying conventions for function calls, data layout and register usage. -* Environment Variables:: Environment variables that affect 'gfortran'. +* Environment Variables:: Environment variables that affect `gfortran'. File: gfortran.info, Node: Option Summary, Next: Fortran Dialect Options, Up: Invoking GNU Fortran @@ -418,8 +419,8 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Option Summary, Next: Fortran Dialect Options, Up: 2.1 Option summary ================== -Here is a summary of all the options specific to GNU Fortran, grouped by -type. Explanations are in the following sections. +Here is a summary of all the options specific to GNU Fortran, grouped +by type. Explanations are in the following sections. _Fortran Language Options_ *Note Options controlling Fortran dialect: Fortran Dialect Options. @@ -428,11 +429,10 @@ _Fortran Language Options_ -fdefault-real-8 -fdollar-ok -ffixed-line-length-N -ffixed-line-length-none -ffree-form -ffree-line-length-N -ffree-line-length-none -fimplicit-none -finteger-4-integer-8 - -fmax-identifier-length -fmodule-private -fno-fixed-form -fno-range-check + -fmax-identifier-length -fmodule-private -ffixed-form -fno-range-check -fopenacc -fopenmp -freal-4-real-10 -freal-4-real-16 -freal-4-real-8 -freal-8-real-10 -freal-8-real-16 -freal-8-real-4 -std=STD - _Preprocessing Options_ *Note Enable and customize preprocessing: Preprocessing Options. -A-QUESTION[=ANSWER] @@ -444,10 +444,9 @@ _Preprocessing Options_ -nostdinc -undef - _Error and Warning Options_ - *Note Options to request or suppress errors and warnings: Error and - Warning Options. + *Note Options to request or suppress errors and warnings: Error + and Warning Options. -Waliasing -Wall -Wampersand -Warray-bounds -Wc-binding-type -Wcharacter-truncation -Wconversion -Wfunction-elimination -Wimplicit-interface @@ -456,14 +455,12 @@ _Error and Warning Options_ -Wsurprising -Wunderflow -Wunused-parameter -Wrealloc-lhs -Wrealloc-lhs-all -Wtarget-lifetime -fmax-errors=N -fsyntax-only -pedantic -pedantic-errors - _Debugging Options_ *Note Options for debugging your program or GNU Fortran: Debugging Options. -fbacktrace -fdump-fortran-optimized -fdump-fortran-original -fdump-parse-tree -ffpe-trap=LIST -ffpe-summary=LIST - _Directory Options_ *Note Options for directory search: Directory Options. -IDIR -JDIR -fintrinsic-modules-path DIR @@ -477,7 +474,6 @@ _Runtime Options_ -fconvert=CONVERSION -fmax-subrecord-length=LENGTH -frecord-marker=LENGTH -fsign-zero - _Code Generation Options_ *Note Options for code generation conventions: Code Gen Options. -faggressive-function-elimination -fblas-matmul-limit=N @@ -504,184 +500,187 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Fortran Dialect Options, Next: Preprocessing Option The following options control the details of the Fortran dialect accepted by the compiler: -'-ffree-form' -'-ffixed-form' +`-ffree-form' +`-ffixed-form' Specify the layout used by the source file. The free form layout was introduced in Fortran 90. Fixed form was traditionally used in older Fortran programs. When neither option is specified, the source form is determined by the file extension. -'-fall-intrinsics' +`-fall-intrinsics' This option causes all intrinsic procedures (including the GNU-specific extensions) to be accepted. This can be useful with - '-std=f95' to force standard-compliance but get access to the full - range of intrinsics available with 'gfortran'. As a consequence, - '-Wintrinsics-std' will be ignored and no user-defined procedure + `-std=f95' to force standard-compliance but get access to the full + range of intrinsics available with `gfortran'. As a consequence, + `-Wintrinsics-std' will be ignored and no user-defined procedure with the same name as any intrinsic will be called except when it - is explicitly declared 'EXTERNAL'. + is explicitly declared `EXTERNAL'. -'-fd-lines-as-code' -'-fd-lines-as-comments' - Enable special treatment for lines beginning with 'd' or 'D' in - fixed form sources. If the '-fd-lines-as-code' option is given +`-fd-lines-as-code' +`-fd-lines-as-comments' + Enable special treatment for lines beginning with `d' or `D' in + fixed form sources. If the `-fd-lines-as-code' option is given they are treated as if the first column contained a blank. If the - '-fd-lines-as-comments' option is given, they are treated as + `-fd-lines-as-comments' option is given, they are treated as comment lines. -'-fdollar-ok' - Allow '$' as a valid non-first character in a symbol name. Symbols - that start with '$' are rejected since it is unclear which rules to +`-fdollar-ok' + Allow `$' as a valid non-first character in a symbol name. Symbols + that start with `$' are rejected since it is unclear which rules to apply to implicit typing as different vendors implement different - rules. Using '$' in 'IMPLICIT' statements is also rejected. + rules. Using `$' in `IMPLICIT' statements is also rejected. -'-fbackslash' +`-fbackslash' Change the interpretation of backslashes in string literals from a - single backslash character to "C-style" escape characters. The - following combinations are expanded '\a', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r', - '\t', '\v', '\\', and '\0' to the ASCII characters alert, + single backslash character to "C-style" escape characters. The + following combinations are expanded `\a', `\b', `\f', `\n', `\r', + `\t', `\v', `\\', and `\0' to the ASCII characters alert, backspace, form feed, newline, carriage return, horizontal tab, vertical tab, backslash, and NUL, respectively. Additionally, - '\x'NN, '\u'NNNN and '\U'NNNNNNNN (where each N is a hexadecimal + `\x'NN, `\u'NNNN and `\U'NNNNNNNN (where each N is a hexadecimal digit) are translated into the Unicode characters corresponding to - the specified code points. All other combinations of a character + the specified code points. All other combinations of a character preceded by \ are unexpanded. -'-fmodule-private' - Set the default accessibility of module entities to 'PRIVATE'. +`-fmodule-private' + Set the default accessibility of module entities to `PRIVATE'. Use-associated entities will not be accessible unless they are - explicitly declared as 'PUBLIC'. + explicitly declared as `PUBLIC'. -'-ffixed-line-length-N' +`-ffixed-line-length-N' Set column after which characters are ignored in typical fixed-form lines in the source file, and through which spaces are assumed (as if padded to that length) after the ends of short fixed-form lines. Popular values for N include 72 (the standard and the default), 80 (card image), and 132 (corresponding to "extended-source" options - in some popular compilers). N may also be 'none', meaning that the - entire line is meaningful and that continued character constants - never have implicit spaces appended to them to fill out the line. - '-ffixed-line-length-0' means the same thing as - '-ffixed-line-length-none'. + in some popular compilers). N may also be `none', meaning that + the entire line is meaningful and that continued character + constants never have implicit spaces appended to them to fill out + the line. `-ffixed-line-length-0' means the same thing as + `-ffixed-line-length-none'. -'-ffree-line-length-N' +`-ffree-line-length-N' Set column after which characters are ignored in typical free-form - lines in the source file. The default value is 132. N may be - 'none', meaning that the entire line is meaningful. - '-ffree-line-length-0' means the same thing as - '-ffree-line-length-none'. + lines in the source file. The default value is 132. N may be + `none', meaning that the entire line is meaningful. + `-ffree-line-length-0' means the same thing as + `-ffree-line-length-none'. -'-fmax-identifier-length=N' - Specify the maximum allowed identifier length. Typical values are +`-fmax-identifier-length=N' + Specify the maximum allowed identifier length. Typical values are 31 (Fortran 95) and 63 (Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008). -'-fimplicit-none' +`-fimplicit-none' Specify that no implicit typing is allowed, unless overridden by - explicit 'IMPLICIT' statements. This is the equivalent of adding - 'implicit none' to the start of every procedure. + explicit `IMPLICIT' statements. This is the equivalent of adding + `implicit none' to the start of every procedure. -'-fcray-pointer' +`-fcray-pointer' Enable the Cray pointer extension, which provides C-like pointer functionality. -'-fopenacc' - Enable the OpenACC extensions. This includes OpenACC '!$acc' - directives in free form and 'c$acc', '*$acc' and '!$acc' directives - in fixed form, '!$' conditional compilation sentinels in free form - and 'c$', '*$' and '!$' sentinels in fixed form, and when linking - arranges for the OpenACC runtime library to be linked in. +`-fopenacc' + Enable the OpenACC extensions. This includes OpenACC `!$acc' + directives in free form and `c$acc', `*$acc' and `!$acc' + directives in fixed form, `!$' conditional compilation sentinels + in free form and `c$', `*$' and `!$' sentinels in fixed form, and + when linking arranges for the OpenACC runtime library to be linked + in. Note that this is an experimental feature, incomplete, and subject - to change in future versions of GCC. See <https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/OpenACC> - for more information. - -'-fopenmp' - Enable the OpenMP extensions. This includes OpenMP '!$omp' - directives in free form and 'c$omp', '*$omp' and '!$omp' directives - in fixed form, '!$' conditional compilation sentinels in free form - and 'c$', '*$' and '!$' sentinels in fixed form, and when linking - arranges for the OpenMP runtime library to be linked in. The - option '-fopenmp' implies '-frecursive'. - -'-fno-range-check' + to change in future versions of GCC. See + `https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/OpenACC' for more information. + +`-fopenmp' + Enable the OpenMP extensions. This includes OpenMP `!$omp' + directives in free form and `c$omp', `*$omp' and `!$omp' + directives in fixed form, `!$' conditional compilation sentinels + in free form and `c$', `*$' and `!$' sentinels in fixed form, and + when linking arranges for the OpenMP runtime library to be linked + in. The option `-fopenmp' implies `-frecursive'. + +`-fno-range-check' Disable range checking on results of simplification of constant expressions during compilation. For example, GNU Fortran will give - an error at compile time when simplifying 'a = 1. / 0'. With this - option, no error will be given and 'a' will be assigned the value - '+Infinity'. If an expression evaluates to a value outside of the - relevant range of ['-HUGE()':'HUGE()'], then the expression will be - replaced by '-Inf' or '+Inf' as appropriate. Similarly, 'DATA - i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/' will result in an integer overflow on most systems, - but with '-fno-range-check' the value will "wrap around" and 'i' - will be initialized to -1 instead. - -'-fdefault-integer-8' + an error at compile time when simplifying `a = 1. / 0'. With this + option, no error will be given and `a' will be assigned the value + `+Infinity'. If an expression evaluates to a value outside of the + relevant range of [`-HUGE()':`HUGE()'], then the expression will + be replaced by `-Inf' or `+Inf' as appropriate. Similarly, `DATA + i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/' will result in an integer overflow on most + systems, but with `-fno-range-check' the value will "wrap around" + and `i' will be initialized to -1 instead. + +`-fdefault-integer-8' Set the default integer and logical types to an 8 byte wide type. - This option also affects the kind of integer constants like '42'. - Unlike '-finteger-4-integer-8', it does not promote variables with + This option also affects the kind of integer constants like `42'. + Unlike `-finteger-4-integer-8', it does not promote variables with explicit kind declaration. -'-fdefault-real-8' - Set the default real type to an 8 byte wide type. This option also - affects the kind of non-double real constants like '1.0', and does - promote the default width of 'DOUBLE PRECISION' to 16 bytes if - possible, unless '-fdefault-double-8' is given, too. Unlike - '-freal-4-real-8', it does not promote variables with explicit kind - declaration. - -'-fdefault-double-8' - Set the 'DOUBLE PRECISION' type to an 8 byte wide type. Do nothing - if this is already the default. If '-fdefault-real-8' is given, - 'DOUBLE PRECISION' would instead be promoted to 16 bytes if - possible, and '-fdefault-double-8' can be used to prevent this. - The kind of real constants like '1.d0' will not be changed by - '-fdefault-real-8' though, so also '-fdefault-double-8' does not +`-fdefault-real-8' + Set the default real type to an 8 byte wide type. This option also + affects the kind of non-double real constants like `1.0', and does + promote the default width of `DOUBLE PRECISION' to 16 bytes if + possible, unless `-fdefault-double-8' is given, too. Unlike + `-freal-4-real-8', it does not promote variables with explicit + kind declaration. + +`-fdefault-double-8' + Set the `DOUBLE PRECISION' type to an 8 byte wide type. Do + nothing if this is already the default. If `-fdefault-real-8' is + given, `DOUBLE PRECISION' would instead be promoted to 16 bytes if + possible, and `-fdefault-double-8' can be used to prevent this. + The kind of real constants like `1.d0' will not be changed by + `-fdefault-real-8' though, so also `-fdefault-double-8' does not affect it. -'-finteger-4-integer-8' - Promote all 'INTEGER(KIND=4)' entities to an 'INTEGER(KIND=8)' - entities. If 'KIND=8' is unavailable, then an error will be +`-finteger-4-integer-8' + Promote all `INTEGER(KIND=4)' entities to an `INTEGER(KIND=8)' + entities. If `KIND=8' is unavailable, then an error will be issued. This option should be used with care and may not be suitable for your codes. Areas of possible concern include calls - to external procedures, alignment in 'EQUIVALENCE' and/or 'COMMON', - generic interfaces, BOZ literal constant conversion, and I/O. - Inspection of the intermediate representation of the translated - Fortran code, produced by '-fdump-tree-original', is suggested. - -'-freal-4-real-8' -'-freal-4-real-10' -'-freal-4-real-16' -'-freal-8-real-4' -'-freal-8-real-10' -'-freal-8-real-16' - Promote all 'REAL(KIND=M)' entities to 'REAL(KIND=N)' entities. If - 'REAL(KIND=N)' is unavailable, then an error will be issued. All - other real kind types are unaffected by this option. These options - should be used with care and may not be suitable for your codes. - Areas of possible concern include calls to external procedures, - alignment in 'EQUIVALENCE' and/or 'COMMON', generic interfaces, BOZ - literal constant conversion, and I/O. Inspection of the - intermediate representation of the translated Fortran code, - produced by '-fdump-tree-original', is suggested. - -'-std=STD' + to external procedures, alignment in `EQUIVALENCE' and/or + `COMMON', generic interfaces, BOZ literal constant conversion, and + I/O. Inspection of the intermediate representation of the + translated Fortran code, produced by `-fdump-tree-original', is + suggested. + +`-freal-4-real-8' +`-freal-4-real-10' +`-freal-4-real-16' +`-freal-8-real-4' +`-freal-8-real-10' +`-freal-8-real-16' + Promote all `REAL(KIND=M)' entities to `REAL(KIND=N)' entities. + If `REAL(KIND=N)' is unavailable, then an error will be issued. + All other real kind types are unaffected by this option. These + options should be used with care and may not be suitable for your + codes. Areas of possible concern include calls to external + procedures, alignment in `EQUIVALENCE' and/or `COMMON', generic + interfaces, BOZ literal constant conversion, and I/O. Inspection + of the intermediate representation of the translated Fortran code, + produced by `-fdump-tree-original', is suggested. + +`-std=STD' Specify the standard to which the program is expected to conform, - which may be one of 'f95', 'f2003', 'f2008', 'gnu', or 'legacy'. - The default value for STD is 'gnu', which specifies a superset of + which may be one of `f95', `f2003', `f2008', `gnu', or `legacy'. + The default value for STD is `gnu', which specifies a superset of the Fortran 95 standard that includes all of the extensions supported by GNU Fortran, although warnings will be given for obsolete extensions not recommended for use in new code. The - 'legacy' value is equivalent but without the warnings for obsolete + `legacy' value is equivalent but without the warnings for obsolete extensions, and may be useful for old non-standard programs. The - 'f95', 'f2003' and 'f2008' values specify strict conformance to the - Fortran 95, Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008 standards, respectively; - errors are given for all extensions beyond the relevant language - standard, and warnings are given for the Fortran 77 features that - are permitted but obsolescent in later standards. '-std=f2008ts' - allows the Fortran 2008 standard including the additions of the - Technical Specification (TS) 29113 on Further Interoperability of - Fortran with C and TS 18508 on Additional Parallel Features in - Fortran. + `f95', `f2003' and `f2008' values specify strict conformance to + the Fortran 95, Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008 standards, + respectively; errors are given for all extensions beyond the + relevant language standard, and warnings are given for the Fortran + 77 features that are permitted but obsolescent in later standards. + `-std=f2008ts' allows the Fortran 2008 standard including the + additions of the Technical Specification (TS) 29113 on Further + Interoperability of Fortran with C and TS 18508 on Additional + Parallel Features in Fortran. + File: gfortran.info, Node: Preprocessing Options, Next: Error and Warning Options, Prev: Fortran Dialect Options, Up: Invoking GNU Fortran @@ -689,156 +688,158 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Preprocessing Options, Next: Error and Warning Opti 2.3 Enable and customize preprocessing ====================================== -Preprocessor related options. See section *note Preprocessing and -conditional compilation:: for more detailed information on preprocessing -in 'gfortran'. +Preprocessor related options. See section *note Preprocessing and +conditional compilation:: for more detailed information on +preprocessing in `gfortran'. -'-cpp' -'-nocpp' - Enable preprocessing. The preprocessor is automatically invoked if - the file extension is '.fpp', '.FPP', '.F', '.FOR', '.FTN', '.F90', - '.F95', '.F03' or '.F08'. Use this option to manually enable - preprocessing of any kind of Fortran file. +`-cpp' +`-nocpp' + Enable preprocessing. The preprocessor is automatically invoked if + the file extension is `.fpp', `.FPP', `.F', `.FOR', `.FTN', + `.F90', `.F95', `.F03' or `.F08'. Use this option to manually + enable preprocessing of any kind of Fortran file. To disable preprocessing of files with any of the above listed - extensions, use the negative form: '-nocpp'. + extensions, use the negative form: `-nocpp'. - The preprocessor is run in traditional mode. Any restrictions of + The preprocessor is run in traditional mode. Any restrictions of the file-format, especially the limits on line length, apply for preprocessed output as well, so it might be advisable to use the - '-ffree-line-length-none' or '-ffixed-line-length-none' options. + `-ffree-line-length-none' or `-ffixed-line-length-none' options. -'-dM' - Instead of the normal output, generate a list of ''#define'' +`-dM' + Instead of the normal output, generate a list of `'#define'' directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the - preprocessor, including predefined macros. This gives you a way of + preprocessor, including predefined macros. This gives you a way of finding out what is predefined in your version of the preprocessor. - Assuming you have no file 'foo.f90', the command + Assuming you have no file `foo.f90', the command touch foo.f90; gfortran -cpp -E -dM foo.f90 will show all the predefined macros. -'-dD' - Like '-dM' except in two respects: it does not include the - predefined macros, and it outputs both the '#define' directives and - the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to the +`-dD' + Like `-dM' except in two respects: it does not include the + predefined macros, and it outputs both the `#define' directives + and the result of preprocessing. Both kinds of output go to the standard output file. -'-dN' - Like '-dD', but emit only the macro names, not their expansions. +`-dN' + Like `-dD', but emit only the macro names, not their expansions. -'-dU' - Like 'dD' except that only macros that are expanded, or whose +`-dU' + Like `dD' except that only macros that are expanded, or whose definedness is tested in preprocessor directives, are output; the output is delayed until the use or test of the macro; and - ''#undef'' directives are also output for macros tested but + `'#undef'' directives are also output for macros tested but undefined at the time. -'-dI' - Output ''#include'' directives in addition to the result of +`-dI' + Output `'#include'' directives in addition to the result of preprocessing. -'-fworking-directory' +`-fworking-directory' Enable generation of linemarkers in the preprocessor output that will let the compiler know the current working directory at the - time of preprocessing. When this option is enabled, the + time of preprocessing. When this option is enabled, the preprocessor will emit, after the initial linemarker, a second linemarker with the current working directory followed by two - slashes. GCC will use this directory, when it is present in the - preprocessed input, as the directory emitted as the current working - directory in some debugging information formats. This option is - implicitly enabled if debugging information is enabled, but this - can be inhibited with the negated form '-fno-working-directory'. - If the '-P' flag is present in the command line, this option has no - effect, since no '#line' directives are emitted whatsoever. - -'-idirafter DIR' + slashes. GCC will use this directory, when it is present in the + preprocessed input, as the directory emitted as the current + working directory in some debugging information formats. This + option is implicitly enabled if debugging information is enabled, + but this can be inhibited with the negated form + `-fno-working-directory'. If the `-P' flag is present in the + command line, this option has no effect, since no `#line' + directives are emitted whatsoever. + +`-idirafter DIR' Search DIR for include files, but do it after all directories - specified with '-I' and the standard system directories have been - exhausted. DIR is treated as a system include directory. If dir - begins with '=', then the '=' will be replaced by the sysroot - prefix; see '--sysroot' and '-isysroot'. + specified with `-I' and the standard system directories have been + exhausted. DIR is treated as a system include directory. If dir + begins with `=', then the `=' will be replaced by the sysroot + prefix; see `--sysroot' and `-isysroot'. -'-imultilib DIR' +`-imultilib DIR' Use DIR as a subdirectory of the directory containing target-specific C++ headers. -'-iprefix PREFIX' - Specify PREFIX as the prefix for subsequent '-iwithprefix' options. - If the PREFIX represents a directory, you should include the final - ''/''. +`-iprefix PREFIX' + Specify PREFIX as the prefix for subsequent `-iwithprefix' + options. If the PREFIX represents a directory, you should include + the final `'/''. -'-isysroot DIR' - This option is like the '--sysroot' option, but applies only to - header files. See the '--sysroot' option for more information. +`-isysroot DIR' + This option is like the `--sysroot' option, but applies only to + header files. See the `--sysroot' option for more information. -'-iquote DIR' - Search DIR only for header files requested with '#include "file"'; - they are not searched for '#include <file>', before all directories - specified by '-I' and before the standard system directories. If - DIR begins with '=', then the '=' will be replaced by the sysroot - prefix; see '--sysroot' and '-isysroot'. +`-iquote DIR' + Search DIR only for header files requested with `#include "file"'; + they are not searched for `#include <file>', before all directories + specified by `-I' and before the standard system directories. If + DIR begins with `=', then the `=' will be replaced by the sysroot + prefix; see `--sysroot' and `-isysroot'. -'-isystem DIR' +`-isystem DIR' Search DIR for header files, after all directories specified by - '-I' but before the standard system directories. Mark it as a + `-I' but before the standard system directories. Mark it as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as is - applied to the standard system directories. If DIR begins with - '=', then the '=' will be replaced by the sysroot prefix; see - '--sysroot' and '-isysroot'. + applied to the standard system directories. If DIR begins with + `=', then the `=' will be replaced by the sysroot prefix; see + `--sysroot' and `-isysroot'. -'-nostdinc' +`-nostdinc' Do not search the standard system directories for header files. - Only the directories you have specified with '-I' options (and the + Only the directories you have specified with `-I' options (and the directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched. -'-undef' +`-undef' Do not predefine any system-specific or GCC-specific macros. The standard predefined macros remain defined. -'-APREDICATE=ANSWER' +`-APREDICATE=ANSWER' Make an assertion with the predicate PREDICATE and answer ANSWER. This form is preferred to the older form -A predicate(answer), which is still supported, because it does not use shell special characters. -'-A-PREDICATE=ANSWER' +`-A-PREDICATE=ANSWER' Cancel an assertion with the predicate PREDICATE and answer ANSWER. -'-C' - Do not discard comments. All comments are passed through to the - output file, except for comments in processed directives, which are - deleted along with the directive. +`-C' + Do not discard comments. All comments are passed through to the + output file, except for comments in processed directives, which + are deleted along with the directive. - You should be prepared for side effects when using '-C'; it causes + You should be prepared for side effects when using `-C'; it causes the preprocessor to treat comments as tokens in their own right. For example, comments appearing at the start of what would be a directive line have the effect of turning that line into an ordinary source line, since the first token on the line is no - longer a ''#''. + longer a `'#''. - Warning: this currently handles C-Style comments only. The + Warning: this currently handles C-Style comments only. The preprocessor does not yet recognize Fortran-style comments. -'-CC' - Do not discard comments, including during macro expansion. This is - like '-C', except that comments contained within macros are also +`-CC' + Do not discard comments, including during macro expansion. This is + like `-C', except that comments contained within macros are also passed through to the output file where the macro is expanded. - In addition to the side-effects of the '-C' option, the '-CC' - option causes all C++-style comments inside a macro to be converted - to C-style comments. This is to prevent later use of that macro - from inadvertently commenting out the remainder of the source line. - The '-CC' option is generally used to support lint comments. + In addition to the side-effects of the `-C' option, the `-CC' + option causes all C++-style comments inside a macro to be + converted to C-style comments. This is to prevent later use of + that macro from inadvertently commenting out the remainder of the + source line. The `-CC' option is generally used to support lint + comments. - Warning: this currently handles C- and C++-Style comments only. - The preprocessor does not yet recognize Fortran-style comments. + Warning: this currently handles C- and C++-Style comments only. The + preprocessor does not yet recognize Fortran-style comments. -'-DNAME' - Predefine name as a macro, with definition '1'. +`-DNAME' + Predefine name as a macro, with definition `1'. -'-DNAME=DEFINITION' +`-DNAME=DEFINITION' The contents of DEFINITION are tokenized and processed as if they - appeared during translation phase three in a ''#define'' directive. + appeared during translation phase three in a `'#define'' directive. In particular, the definition will be truncated by embedded newline characters. @@ -848,28 +849,28 @@ in 'gfortran'. If you wish to define a function-like macro on the command line, write its argument list with surrounding parentheses before the - equals sign (if any). Parentheses are meaningful to most shells, - so you will need to quote the option. With sh and csh, - '-D'name(args...)=definition'' works. + equals sign (if any). Parentheses are meaningful to most shells, + so you will need to quote the option. With sh and csh, + `-D'name(args...)=definition'' works. - '-D' and '-U' options are processed in the order they are given on - the command line. All -imacros file and -include file options are + `-D' and `-U' options are processed in the order they are given on + the command line. All -imacros file and -include file options are processed after all -D and -U options. -'-H' +`-H' Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other - normal activities. Each name is indented to show how deep in the - ''#include'' stack it is. + normal activities. Each name is indented to show how deep in the + `'#include'' stack it is. -'-P' +`-P' Inhibit generation of linemarkers in the output from the preprocessor. This might be useful when running the preprocessor on something that is not C code, and will be sent to a program which might be confused by the linemarkers. -'-UNAME' +`-UNAME' Cancel any previous definition of NAME, either built in or provided - with a '-D' option. + with a `-D' option. File: gfortran.info, Node: Error and Warning Options, Next: Debugging Options, Prev: Preprocessing Options, Up: Invoking GNU Fortran @@ -884,65 +885,65 @@ to aid in debugging, but will not produce any compiled output. Warnings are diagnostic messages that report constructions which are not inherently erroneous but which are risky or suggest there is likely -to be a bug in the program. Unless '-Werror' is specified, they do not +to be a bug in the program. Unless `-Werror' is specified, they do not prevent compilation of the program. - You can request many specific warnings with options beginning '-W', -for example '-Wimplicit' to request warnings on implicit declarations. + You can request many specific warnings with options beginning `-W', +for example `-Wimplicit' to request warnings on implicit declarations. Each of these specific warning options also has a negative form -beginning '-Wno-' to turn off warnings; for example, '-Wno-implicit'. +beginning `-Wno-' to turn off warnings; for example, `-Wno-implicit'. This manual lists only one of the two forms, whichever is not the default. These options control the amount and kinds of errors and warnings produced by GNU Fortran: -'-fmax-errors=N' +`-fmax-errors=N' Limits the maximum number of error messages to N, at which point - GNU Fortran bails out rather than attempting to continue processing - the source code. If N is 0, there is no limit on the number of - error messages produced. + GNU Fortran bails out rather than attempting to continue + processing the source code. If N is 0, there is no limit on the + number of error messages produced. -'-fsyntax-only' +`-fsyntax-only' Check the code for syntax errors, but do not actually compile it. This will generate module files for each module present in the code, but no other output file. -'-pedantic' - Issue warnings for uses of extensions to Fortran 95. '-pedantic' +`-pedantic' + Issue warnings for uses of extensions to Fortran 95. `-pedantic' also applies to C-language constructs where they occur in GNU - Fortran source files, such as use of '\e' in a character constant - within a directive like '#include'. + Fortran source files, such as use of `\e' in a character constant + within a directive like `#include'. Valid Fortran 95 programs should compile properly with or without this option. However, without this option, certain GNU extensions and traditional Fortran features are supported as well. With this option, many of them are rejected. - Some users try to use '-pedantic' to check programs for + Some users try to use `-pedantic' to check programs for conformance. They soon find that it does not do quite what they want--it finds some nonstandard practices, but not all. However, improvements to GNU Fortran in this area are welcome. - This should be used in conjunction with '-std=f95', '-std=f2003' or - '-std=f2008'. + This should be used in conjunction with `-std=f95', `-std=f2003' + or `-std=f2008'. -'-pedantic-errors' - Like '-pedantic', except that errors are produced rather than +`-pedantic-errors' + Like `-pedantic', except that errors are produced rather than warnings. -'-Wall' +`-Wall' Enables commonly used warning options pertaining to usage that we recommend avoiding and that we believe are easy to avoid. This - currently includes '-Waliasing', '-Wampersand', '-Wconversion', - '-Wsurprising', '-Wc-binding-type', '-Wintrinsics-std', - '-Wno-tabs', '-Wintrinsic-shadow', '-Wline-truncation', - '-Wtarget-lifetime', '-Wreal-q-constant' and '-Wunused'. + currently includes `-Waliasing', `-Wampersand', `-Wconversion', + `-Wsurprising', `-Wc-binding-type', `-Wintrinsics-std', + `-Wno-tabs', `-Wintrinsic-shadow', `-Wline-truncation', + `-Wtarget-lifetime', `-Wreal-q-constant' and `-Wunused'. -'-Waliasing' - Warn about possible aliasing of dummy arguments. Specifically, it +`-Waliasing' + Warn about possible aliasing of dummy arguments. Specifically, it warns if the same actual argument is associated with a dummy - argument with 'INTENT(IN)' and a dummy argument with 'INTENT(OUT)' + argument with `INTENT(IN)' and a dummy argument with `INTENT(OUT)' in a call with an explicit interface. The following example will trigger the warning. @@ -956,70 +957,70 @@ produced by GNU Fortran: call bar(a,a) -'-Wampersand' - Warn about missing ampersand in continued character constants. The - warning is given with '-Wampersand', '-pedantic', '-std=f95', - '-std=f2003' and '-std=f2008'. Note: With no ampersand given in a +`-Wampersand' + Warn about missing ampersand in continued character constants. The + warning is given with `-Wampersand', `-pedantic', `-std=f95', + `-std=f2003' and `-std=f2008'. Note: With no ampersand given in a continued character constant, GNU Fortran assumes continuation at the first non-comment, non-whitespace character after the ampersand that initiated the continuation. -'-Warray-temporaries' +`-Warray-temporaries' Warn about array temporaries generated by the compiler. The information generated by this warning is sometimes useful in optimization, in order to avoid such temporaries. -'-Wc-binding-type' +`-Wc-binding-type' Warn if the a variable might not be C interoperable. In particular, warn if the variable has been declared using an intrinsic type with default kind instead of using a kind parameter - defined for C interoperability in the intrinsic 'ISO_C_Binding' - module. This option is implied by '-Wall'. + defined for C interoperability in the intrinsic `ISO_C_Binding' + module. This option is implied by `-Wall'. -'-Wcharacter-truncation' +`-Wcharacter-truncation' Warn when a character assignment will truncate the assigned string. -'-Wline-truncation' +`-Wline-truncation' Warn when a source code line will be truncated. This option is - implied by '-Wall'. For free-form source code, the default is - '-Werror=line-truncation' such that truncations are reported as + implied by `-Wall'. For free-form source code, the default is + `-Werror=line-truncation' such that truncations are reported as error. -'-Wconversion' - Warn about implicit conversions that are likely to change the value - of the expression after conversion. Implied by '-Wall'. +`-Wconversion' + Warn about implicit conversions that are likely to change the + value of the expression after conversion. Implied by `-Wall'. -'-Wconversion-extra' +`-Wconversion-extra' Warn about implicit conversions between different types and kinds. - This option does _not_ imply '-Wconversion'. + This option does _not_ imply `-Wconversion'. -'-Wextra' +`-Wextra' Enables some warning options for usages of language features which - may be problematic. This currently includes '-Wcompare-reals' and - '-Wunused-parameter'. + may be problematic. This currently includes `-Wcompare-reals' and + `-Wunused-parameter'. -'-Wimplicit-interface' +`-Wimplicit-interface' Warn if a procedure is called without an explicit interface. Note this only checks that an explicit interface is present. It does not check that the declared interfaces are consistent across program units. -'-Wimplicit-procedure' +`-Wimplicit-procedure' Warn if a procedure is called that has neither an explicit - interface nor has been declared as 'EXTERNAL'. + interface nor has been declared as `EXTERNAL'. -'-Wintrinsics-std' - Warn if 'gfortran' finds a procedure named like an intrinsic not - available in the currently selected standard (with '-std') and - treats it as 'EXTERNAL' procedure because of this. - '-fall-intrinsics' can be used to never trigger this behavior and +`-Wintrinsics-std' + Warn if `gfortran' finds a procedure named like an intrinsic not + available in the currently selected standard (with `-std') and + treats it as `EXTERNAL' procedure because of this. + `-fall-intrinsics' can be used to never trigger this behavior and always link to the intrinsic regardless of the selected standard. -'-Wreal-q-constant' - Produce a warning if a real-literal-constant contains a 'q' +`-Wreal-q-constant' + Produce a warning if a real-literal-constant contains a `q' exponent-letter. -'-Wsurprising' +`-Wsurprising' Produce a warning when "suspicious" code constructs are encountered. While technically legal these usually indicate that an error has been made. @@ -1036,91 +1037,92 @@ produced by GNU Fortran: destination. * The type of a function result is declared more than once with - the same type. If '-pedantic' or standard-conforming mode is + the same type. If `-pedantic' or standard-conforming mode is enabled, this is an error. - * A 'CHARACTER' variable is declared with negative length. + * A `CHARACTER' variable is declared with negative length. -'-Wtabs' +`-Wtabs' By default, tabs are accepted as whitespace, but tabs are not members of the Fortran Character Set. For continuation lines, a - tab followed by a digit between 1 and 9 is supported. '-Wtabs' - will cause a warning to be issued if a tab is encountered. Note, - '-Wtabs' is active for '-pedantic', '-std=f95', '-std=f2003', - '-std=f2008', '-std=f2008ts' and '-Wall'. + tab followed by a digit between 1 and 9 is supported. `-Wtabs' + will cause a warning to be issued if a tab is encountered. Note, + `-Wtabs' is active for `-pedantic', `-std=f95', `-std=f2003', + `-std=f2008', `-std=f2008ts' and `-Wall'. -'-Wunderflow' +`-Wunderflow' Produce a warning when numerical constant expressions are - encountered, which yield an UNDERFLOW during compilation. Enabled + encountered, which yield an UNDERFLOW during compilation. Enabled by default. -'-Wintrinsic-shadow' +`-Wintrinsic-shadow' Warn if a user-defined procedure or module procedure has the same name as an intrinsic; in this case, an explicit interface or - 'EXTERNAL' or 'INTRINSIC' declaration might be needed to get calls + `EXTERNAL' or `INTRINSIC' declaration might be needed to get calls later resolved to the desired intrinsic/procedure. This option is - implied by '-Wall'. + implied by `-Wall'. -'-Wuse-without-only' - Warn if a 'USE' statement has no 'ONLY' qualifier and thus +`-Wuse-without-only' + Warn if a `USE' statement has no `ONLY' qualifier and thus implicitly imports all public entities of the used module. -'-Wunused-dummy-argument' - Warn about unused dummy arguments. This option is implied by - '-Wall'. +`-Wunused-dummy-argument' + Warn about unused dummy arguments. This option is implied by + `-Wall'. -'-Wunused-parameter' - Contrary to 'gcc''s meaning of '-Wunused-parameter', 'gfortran''s +`-Wunused-parameter' + Contrary to `gcc''s meaning of `-Wunused-parameter', `gfortran''s implementation of this option does not warn about unused dummy - arguments (see '-Wunused-dummy-argument'), but about unused - 'PARAMETER' values. '-Wunused-parameter' is implied by '-Wextra' - if also '-Wunused' or '-Wall' is used. + arguments (see `-Wunused-dummy-argument'), but about unused + `PARAMETER' values. `-Wunused-parameter' is implied by `-Wextra' + if also `-Wunused' or `-Wall' is used. -'-Walign-commons' - By default, 'gfortran' warns about any occasion of variables being - padded for proper alignment inside a 'COMMON' block. This warning - can be turned off via '-Wno-align-commons'. See also - '-falign-commons'. +`-Walign-commons' + By default, `gfortran' warns about any occasion of variables being + padded for proper alignment inside a `COMMON' block. This warning + can be turned off via `-Wno-align-commons'. See also + `-falign-commons'. -'-Wfunction-elimination' +`-Wfunction-elimination' Warn if any calls to functions are eliminated by the optimizations - enabled by the '-ffrontend-optimize' option. + enabled by the `-ffrontend-optimize' option. -'-Wrealloc-lhs' +`-Wrealloc-lhs' Warn when the compiler might insert code to for allocation or reallocation of an allocatable array variable of intrinsic type in - intrinsic assignments. In hot loops, the Fortran 2003 reallocation - feature may reduce the performance. If the array is already - allocated with the correct shape, consider using a whole-array - array-spec (e.g. '(:,:,:)') for the variable on the left-hand side - to prevent the reallocation check. Note that in some cases the - warning is shown, even if the compiler will optimize reallocation - checks away. For instance, when the right-hand side contains the - same variable multiplied by a scalar. See also '-frealloc-lhs'. - -'-Wrealloc-lhs-all' + intrinsic assignments. In hot loops, the Fortran 2003 + reallocation feature may reduce the performance. If the array is + already allocated with the correct shape, consider using a + whole-array array-spec (e.g. `(:,:,:)') for the variable on the + left-hand side to prevent the reallocation check. Note that in + some cases the warning is shown, even if the compiler will + optimize reallocation checks away. For instance, when the + right-hand side contains the same variable multiplied by a scalar. + See also `-frealloc-lhs'. + +`-Wrealloc-lhs-all' Warn when the compiler inserts code to for allocation or reallocation of an allocatable variable; this includes scalars and derived types. -'-Wcompare-reals' +`-Wcompare-reals' Warn when comparing real or complex types for equality or - inequality. This option is implied by '-Wextra'. + inequality. This option is implied by `-Wextra'. -'-Wtarget-lifetime' +`-Wtarget-lifetime' Warn if the pointer in a pointer assignment might be longer than - the its target. This option is implied by '-Wall'. + the its target. This option is implied by `-Wall'. -'-Wzerotrip' - Warn if a 'DO' loop is known to execute zero times at compile time. - This option is implied by '-Wall'. +`-Wzerotrip' + Warn if a `DO' loop is known to execute zero times at compile + time. This option is implied by `-Wall'. -'-Werror' +`-Werror' Turns all warnings into errors. *Note Options to Request or Suppress Errors and Warnings: -(gcc)Warning Options, for information on more options offered by the GBE -shared by 'gfortran', 'gcc' and other GNU compilers. +(gcc)Warning Options, for information on more options offered by the +GBE shared by `gfortran', `gcc' and other GNU compilers. Some of these have no effect when compiling programs written in Fortran. @@ -1134,66 +1136,68 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Debugging Options, Next: Directory Options, Prev: GNU Fortran has various special options that are used for debugging either your program or the GNU Fortran compiler. -'-fdump-fortran-original' +`-fdump-fortran-original' Output the internal parse tree after translating the source program into internal representation. Only really useful for debugging the GNU Fortran compiler itself. -'-fdump-fortran-optimized' +`-fdump-fortran-optimized' Output the parse tree after front-end optimization. Only really useful for debugging the GNU Fortran compiler itself. -'-fdump-parse-tree' +`-fdump-parse-tree' Output the internal parse tree after translating the source program into internal representation. Only really useful for debugging the GNU Fortran compiler itself. This option is deprecated; use - '-fdump-fortran-original' instead. + `-fdump-fortran-original' instead. -'-ffpe-trap=LIST' +`-ffpe-trap=LIST' Specify a list of floating point exception traps to enable. On - most systems, if a floating point exception occurs and the trap for - that exception is enabled, a SIGFPE signal will be sent and the - program being aborted, producing a core file useful for debugging. - LIST is a (possibly empty) comma-separated list of the following - exceptions: 'invalid' (invalid floating point operation, such as - 'SQRT(-1.0)'), 'zero' (division by zero), 'overflow' (overflow in a - floating point operation), 'underflow' (underflow in a floating - point operation), 'inexact' (loss of precision during operation), - and 'denormal' (operation performed on a denormal value). The - first five exceptions correspond to the five IEEE 754 exceptions, - whereas the last one ('denormal') is not part of the IEEE 754 - standard but is available on some common architectures such as x86. - - The first three exceptions ('invalid', 'zero', and 'overflow') + most systems, if a floating point exception occurs and the trap + for that exception is enabled, a SIGFPE signal will be sent and + the program being aborted, producing a core file useful for + debugging. LIST is a (possibly empty) comma-separated list of the + following exceptions: `invalid' (invalid floating point operation, + such as `SQRT(-1.0)'), `zero' (division by zero), `overflow' + (overflow in a floating point operation), `underflow' (underflow + in a floating point operation), `inexact' (loss of precision + during operation), and `denormal' (operation performed on a + denormal value). The first five exceptions correspond to the five + IEEE 754 exceptions, whereas the last one (`denormal') is not part + of the IEEE 754 standard but is available on some common + architectures such as x86. + + The first three exceptions (`invalid', `zero', and `overflow') often indicate serious errors, and unless the program has provisions for dealing with these exceptions, enabling traps for these three exceptions is probably a good idea. Many, if not most, floating point operations incur loss of - precision due to rounding, and hence the 'ffpe-trap=inexact' is + precision due to rounding, and hence the `ffpe-trap=inexact' is likely to be uninteresting in practice. By default no exception traps are enabled. -'-ffpe-summary=LIST' +`-ffpe-summary=LIST' Specify a list of floating-point exceptions, whose flag status is - printed to 'ERROR_UNIT' when invoking 'STOP' and 'ERROR STOP'. - LIST can be either 'none', 'all' or a comma-separated list of the - following exceptions: 'invalid', 'zero', 'overflow', 'underflow', - 'inexact' and 'denormal'. (See '-ffpe-trap' for a description of + printed to `ERROR_UNIT' when invoking `STOP' and `ERROR STOP'. + LIST can be either `none', `all' or a comma-separated list of the + following exceptions: `invalid', `zero', `overflow', `underflow', + `inexact' and `denormal'. (See `-ffpe-trap' for a description of the exceptions.) - By default, a summary for all exceptions but 'inexact' is shown. + By default, a summary for all exceptions but `inexact' is shown. -'-fno-backtrace' +`-fno-backtrace' When a serious runtime error is encountered or a deadly signal is emitted (segmentation fault, illegal instruction, bus error, floating-point exception, and the other POSIX signals that have the - action 'core'), the Fortran runtime library tries to output a - backtrace of the error. '-fno-backtrace' disables the backtrace - generation. This option only has influence for compilation of the + action `core'), the Fortran runtime library tries to output a + backtrace of the error. `-fno-backtrace' disables the backtrace + generation. This option only has influence for compilation of the Fortran main program. + *Note Options for Debugging Your Program or GCC: (gcc)Debugging Options, for more information on debugging options. @@ -1203,36 +1207,36 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Directory Options, Next: Link Options, Prev: Debug 2.6 Options for directory search ================================ -These options affect how GNU Fortran searches for files specified by the -'INCLUDE' directive and where it searches for previously compiled +These options affect how GNU Fortran searches for files specified by +the `INCLUDE' directive and where it searches for previously compiled modules. - It also affects the search paths used by 'cpp' when used to + It also affects the search paths used by `cpp' when used to preprocess Fortran source. -'-IDIR' - These affect interpretation of the 'INCLUDE' directive (as well as - of the '#include' directive of the 'cpp' preprocessor). +`-IDIR' + These affect interpretation of the `INCLUDE' directive (as well as + of the `#include' directive of the `cpp' preprocessor). - Also note that the general behavior of '-I' and 'INCLUDE' is pretty - much the same as of '-I' with '#include' in the 'cpp' preprocessor, - with regard to looking for 'header.gcc' files and other such - things. + Also note that the general behavior of `-I' and `INCLUDE' is + pretty much the same as of `-I' with `#include' in the `cpp' + preprocessor, with regard to looking for `header.gcc' files and + other such things. - This path is also used to search for '.mod' files when previously - compiled modules are required by a 'USE' statement. + This path is also used to search for `.mod' files when previously + compiled modules are required by a `USE' statement. *Note Options for Directory Search: (gcc)Directory Options, for - information on the '-I' option. + information on the `-I' option. -'-JDIR' - This option specifies where to put '.mod' files for compiled +`-JDIR' + This option specifies where to put `.mod' files for compiled modules. It is also added to the list of directories to searched - by an 'USE' statement. + by an `USE' statement. The default is the current directory. -'-fintrinsic-modules-path DIR' +`-fintrinsic-modules-path DIR' This option specifies the location of pre-compiled intrinsic modules, if they are not in the default location expected by the compiler. @@ -1244,13 +1248,13 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Link Options, Next: Runtime Options, Prev: Directo ================================ These options come into play when the compiler links object files into -an executable output file. They are meaningless if the compiler is not +an executable output file. They are meaningless if the compiler is not doing a link step. -'-static-libgfortran' - On systems that provide 'libgfortran' as a shared and a static - library, this option forces the use of the static version. If no - shared version of 'libgfortran' was built when the compiler was +`-static-libgfortran' + On systems that provide `libgfortran' as a shared and a static + library, this option forces the use of the static version. If no + shared version of `libgfortran' was built when the compiler was configured, this option has no effect. @@ -1262,38 +1266,38 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Runtime Options, Next: Code Gen Options, Prev: Lin These options affect the runtime behavior of programs compiled with GNU Fortran. -'-fconvert=CONVERSION' +`-fconvert=CONVERSION' Specify the representation of data for unformatted files. Valid - values for conversion are: 'native', the default; 'swap', swap - between big- and little-endian; 'big-endian', use big-endian - representation for unformatted files; 'little-endian', use + values for conversion are: `native', the default; `swap', swap + between big- and little-endian; `big-endian', use big-endian + representation for unformatted files; `little-endian', use little-endian representation for unformatted files. - _This option has an effect only when used in the main program. The - 'CONVERT' specifier and the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT environment - variable override the default specified by '-fconvert'._ + _This option has an effect only when used in the main program. + The `CONVERT' specifier and the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT environment + variable override the default specified by `-fconvert'._ -'-frecord-marker=LENGTH' +`-frecord-marker=LENGTH' Specify the length of record markers for unformatted files. Valid values for LENGTH are 4 and 8. Default is 4. _This is different - from previous versions of 'gfortran'_, which specified a default + from previous versions of `gfortran'_, which specified a default record marker length of 8 on most systems. If you want to read or - write files compatible with earlier versions of 'gfortran', use - '-frecord-marker=8'. + write files compatible with earlier versions of `gfortran', use + `-frecord-marker=8'. -'-fmax-subrecord-length=LENGTH' +`-fmax-subrecord-length=LENGTH' Specify the maximum length for a subrecord. The maximum permitted value for length is 2147483639, which is also the default. Only really useful for use by the gfortran testsuite. -'-fsign-zero' +`-fsign-zero' When enabled, floating point numbers of value zero with the sign bit set are written as negative number in formatted output and - treated as negative in the 'SIGN' intrinsic. '-fno-sign-zero' does - not print the negative sign of zero values (or values rounded to - zero for I/O) and regards zero as positive number in the 'SIGN' - intrinsic for compatibility with Fortran 77. The default is - '-fsign-zero'. + treated as negative in the `SIGN' intrinsic. `-fno-sign-zero' + does not print the negative sign of zero values (or values rounded + to zero for I/O) and regards zero as positive number in the `SIGN' + intrinsic for compatibility with Fortran 77. The default is + `-fsign-zero'. File: gfortran.info, Node: Code Gen Options, Next: Environment Variables, Prev: Runtime Options, Up: Invoking GNU Fortran @@ -1301,83 +1305,84 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Code Gen Options, Next: Environment Variables, Pre 2.9 Options for code generation conventions =========================================== -These machine-independent options control the interface conventions used -in code generation. +These machine-independent options control the interface conventions +used in code generation. Most of them have both positive and negative forms; the negative form -of '-ffoo' would be '-fno-foo'. In the table below, only one of the +of `-ffoo' would be `-fno-foo'. In the table below, only one of the forms is listed--the one which is not the default. You can figure out -the other form by either removing 'no-' or adding it. +the other form by either removing `no-' or adding it. -'-fno-automatic' +`-fno-automatic' Treat each program unit (except those marked as RECURSIVE) as if - the 'SAVE' statement were specified for every local variable and - array referenced in it. Does not affect common blocks. (Some - Fortran compilers provide this option under the name '-static' or - '-save'.) The default, which is '-fautomatic', uses the stack for + the `SAVE' statement were specified for every local variable and + array referenced in it. Does not affect common blocks. (Some + Fortran compilers provide this option under the name `-static' or + `-save'.) The default, which is `-fautomatic', uses the stack for local variables smaller than the value given by - '-fmax-stack-var-size'. Use the option '-frecursive' to use no + `-fmax-stack-var-size'. Use the option `-frecursive' to use no static memory. -'-ff2c' +`-ff2c' Generate code designed to be compatible with code generated by - 'g77' and 'f2c'. - - The calling conventions used by 'g77' (originally implemented in - 'f2c') require functions that return type default 'REAL' to - actually return the C type 'double', and functions that return type - 'COMPLEX' to return the values via an extra argument in the calling - sequence that points to where to store the return value. Under the - default GNU calling conventions, such functions simply return their - results as they would in GNU C--default 'REAL' functions return the - C type 'float', and 'COMPLEX' functions return the GNU C type - 'complex'. Additionally, this option implies the - '-fsecond-underscore' option, unless '-fno-second-underscore' is - explicitly requested. + `g77' and `f2c'. + + The calling conventions used by `g77' (originally implemented in + `f2c') require functions that return type default `REAL' to + actually return the C type `double', and functions that return + type `COMPLEX' to return the values via an extra argument in the + calling sequence that points to where to store the return value. + Under the default GNU calling conventions, such functions simply + return their results as they would in GNU C--default `REAL' + functions return the C type `float', and `COMPLEX' functions + return the GNU C type `complex'. Additionally, this option + implies the `-fsecond-underscore' option, unless + `-fno-second-underscore' is explicitly requested. This does not affect the generation of code that interfaces with - the 'libgfortran' library. + the `libgfortran' library. _Caution:_ It is not a good idea to mix Fortran code compiled with - '-ff2c' with code compiled with the default '-fno-f2c' calling - conventions as, calling 'COMPLEX' or default 'REAL' functions + `-ff2c' with code compiled with the default `-fno-f2c' calling + conventions as, calling `COMPLEX' or default `REAL' functions between program parts which were compiled with different calling conventions will break at execution time. - _Caution:_ This will break code which passes intrinsic functions of - type default 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX' as actual arguments, as the - library implementations use the '-fno-f2c' calling conventions. + _Caution:_ This will break code which passes intrinsic functions + of type default `REAL' or `COMPLEX' as actual arguments, as the + library implementations use the `-fno-f2c' calling conventions. -'-fno-underscoring' +`-fno-underscoring' Do not transform names of entities specified in the Fortran source file by appending underscores to them. - With '-funderscoring' in effect, GNU Fortran appends one underscore - to external names with no underscores. This is done to ensure - compatibility with code produced by many UNIX Fortran compilers. + With `-funderscoring' in effect, GNU Fortran appends one + underscore to external names with no underscores. This is done to + ensure compatibility with code produced by many UNIX Fortran + compilers. - _Caution_: The default behavior of GNU Fortran is incompatible with - 'f2c' and 'g77', please use the '-ff2c' option if you want object - files compiled with GNU Fortran to be compatible with object code - created with these tools. + _Caution_: The default behavior of GNU Fortran is incompatible + with `f2c' and `g77', please use the `-ff2c' option if you want + object files compiled with GNU Fortran to be compatible with + object code created with these tools. - Use of '-fno-underscoring' is not recommended unless you are + Use of `-fno-underscoring' is not recommended unless you are experimenting with issues such as integration of GNU Fortran into existing system environments (vis-a`-vis existing libraries, tools, and so on). - For example, with '-funderscoring', and assuming that 'j()' and - 'max_count()' are external functions while 'my_var' and 'lvar' are + For example, with `-funderscoring', and assuming that `j()' and + `max_count()' are external functions while `my_var' and `lvar' are local variables, a statement like I = J() + MAX_COUNT (MY_VAR, LVAR) is implemented as something akin to: i = j_() + max_count__(&my_var__, &lvar); - With '-fno-underscoring', the same statement is implemented as: + With `-fno-underscoring', the same statement is implemented as: i = j() + max_count(&my_var, &lvar); - Use of '-fno-underscoring' allows direct specification of + Use of `-fno-underscoring' allows direct specification of user-defined names while debugging and when interfacing GNU Fortran code with other languages. @@ -1385,13 +1390,14 @@ the other form by either removing 'no-' or adding it. interface implemented by GNU Fortran for an external name matches the interface implemented by some other language for that same name. That is, getting code produced by GNU Fortran to link to - code produced by some other compiler using this or any other method - can be only a small part of the overall solution--getting the code - generated by both compilers to agree on issues other than naming - can require significant effort, and, unlike naming disagreements, - linkers normally cannot detect disagreements in these other areas. - - Also, note that with '-fno-underscoring', the lack of appended + code produced by some other compiler using this or any other + method can be only a small part of the overall solution--getting + the code generated by both compilers to agree on issues other than + naming can require significant effort, and, unlike naming + disagreements, linkers normally cannot detect disagreements in + these other areas. + + Also, note that with `-fno-underscoring', the lack of appended underscores introduces the very real possibility that a user-defined external name will conflict with a name in a system library, which could make finding unresolved-reference bugs quite @@ -1399,59 +1405,58 @@ the other form by either removing 'no-' or adding it. show up only as buggy behavior at run time. In future versions of GNU Fortran we hope to improve naming and - linking issues so that debugging always involves using the names as - they appear in the source, even if the names as seen by the linker - are mangled to prevent accidental linking between procedures with - incompatible interfaces. + linking issues so that debugging always involves using the names + as they appear in the source, even if the names as seen by the + linker are mangled to prevent accidental linking between + procedures with incompatible interfaces. -'-fsecond-underscore' +`-fsecond-underscore' By default, GNU Fortran appends an underscore to external names. - If this option is used GNU Fortran appends two underscores to names - with underscores and one underscore to external names with no - underscores. GNU Fortran also appends two underscores to internal - names with underscores to avoid naming collisions with external - names. + If this option is used GNU Fortran appends two underscores to + names with underscores and one underscore to external names with + no underscores. GNU Fortran also appends two underscores to + internal names with underscores to avoid naming collisions with + external names. - This option has no effect if '-fno-underscoring' is in effect. It - is implied by the '-ff2c' option. + This option has no effect if `-fno-underscoring' is in effect. It + is implied by the `-ff2c' option. - Otherwise, with this option, an external name such as 'MAX_COUNT' + Otherwise, with this option, an external name such as `MAX_COUNT' is implemented as a reference to the link-time external symbol - 'max_count__', instead of 'max_count_'. This is required for - compatibility with 'g77' and 'f2c', and is implied by use of the - '-ff2c' option. + `max_count__', instead of `max_count_'. This is required for + compatibility with `g77' and `f2c', and is implied by use of the + `-ff2c' option. -'-fcoarray=<KEYWORD>' +`-fcoarray=<KEYWORD>' - 'none' + `none' Disable coarray support; using coarray declarations and image-control statements will produce a compile-time error. (Default) - 'single' - Single-image mode, i.e. 'num_images()' is always one. + `single' + Single-image mode, i.e. `num_images()' is always one. - 'lib' + `lib' Library-based coarray parallelization; a suitable GNU Fortran coarray library needs to be linked. -'-fcheck=<KEYWORD>' - +`-fcheck=<KEYWORD>' Enable the generation of run-time checks; the argument shall be a comma-delimited list of the following keywords. - 'all' - Enable all run-time test of '-fcheck'. + `all' + Enable all run-time test of `-fcheck'. - 'array-temps' + `array-temps' Warns at run time when for passing an actual argument a - temporary array had to be generated. The information - generated by this warning is sometimes useful in optimization, - in order to avoid such temporaries. + temporary array had to be generated. The information + generated by this warning is sometimes useful in + optimization, in order to avoid such temporaries. Note: The warning is only printed once per location. - 'bounds' + `bounds' Enable generation of run-time checks for array subscripts and against the declared minimum and maximum values. It also checks array indices for assumed and deferred shape arrays @@ -1459,39 +1464,39 @@ the other form by either removing 'no-' or adding it. string lengths are equal for character array constructors without an explicit typespec. - Some checks require that '-fcheck=bounds' is set for the + Some checks require that `-fcheck=bounds' is set for the compilation of the main program. Note: In the future this may also include other forms of checking, e.g., checking substring references. - 'do' + `do' Enable generation of run-time checks for invalid modification of loop iteration variables. - 'mem' + `mem' Enable generation of run-time checks for memory allocation. Note: This option does not affect explicit allocations using - the 'ALLOCATE' statement, which will be always checked. + the `ALLOCATE' statement, which will be always checked. - 'pointer' + `pointer' Enable generation of run-time checks for pointers and allocatables. - 'recursion' + `recursion' Enable generation of run-time checks for recursively called subroutines and functions which are not marked as recursive. - See also '-frecursive'. Note: This check does not work for + See also `-frecursive'. Note: This check does not work for OpenMP programs and is disabled if used together with - '-frecursive' and '-fopenmp'. + `-frecursive' and `-fopenmp'. -'-fbounds-check' - Deprecated alias for '-fcheck=bounds'. +`-fbounds-check' + Deprecated alias for `-fcheck=bounds'. -'-fcheck-array-temporaries' - Deprecated alias for '-fcheck=array-temps'. +`-fcheck-array-temporaries' + Deprecated alias for `-fcheck=array-temps'. -'-fmax-array-constructor=N' +`-fmax-array-constructor=N' This option can be used to increase the upper limit permitted in array constructors. The code below requires this option to expand the array at compile time. @@ -1504,18 +1509,18 @@ the other form by either removing 'no-' or adding it. print '(10(I0,1X))', i end program test - _Caution: This option can lead to long compile times and + _Caution: This option can lead to long compile times and excessively large object files._ The default value for N is 65535. -'-fmax-stack-var-size=N' +`-fmax-stack-var-size=N' This option specifies the size in bytes of the largest array that will be put on the stack; if the size is exceeded static memory is used (except in procedures marked as RECURSIVE). Use the option - '-frecursive' to allow for recursive procedures which do not have a - RECURSIVE attribute or for parallel programs. Use '-fno-automatic' - to never use the stack. + `-frecursive' to allow for recursive procedures which do not have + a RECURSIVE attribute or for parallel programs. Use + `-fno-automatic' to never use the stack. This option currently only affects local arrays declared with constant bounds, and may not apply to all character variables. @@ -1523,146 +1528,149 @@ the other form by either removing 'no-' or adding it. The default value for N is 32768. -'-fstack-arrays' +`-fstack-arrays' Adding this option will make the Fortran compiler put all local arrays, even those of unknown size onto stack memory. If your program uses very large local arrays it is possible that you will have to extend your runtime limits for stack memory on some - operating systems. This flag is enabled by default at optimization - level '-Ofast'. + operating systems. This flag is enabled by default at optimization + level `-Ofast'. -'-fpack-derived' +`-fpack-derived' This option tells GNU Fortran to pack derived type members as closely as possible. Code compiled with this option is likely to be incompatible with code compiled without this option, and may execute slower. -'-frepack-arrays' +`-frepack-arrays' In some circumstances GNU Fortran may pass assumed shape array sections via a descriptor describing a noncontiguous area of memory. This option adds code to the function prologue to repack the data into a contiguous block at runtime. - This should result in faster accesses to the array. However it can - introduce significant overhead to the function call, especially - when the passed data is noncontiguous. + This should result in faster accesses to the array. However it + can introduce significant overhead to the function call, + especially when the passed data is noncontiguous. -'-fshort-enums' +`-fshort-enums' This option is provided for interoperability with C code that was - compiled with the '-fshort-enums' option. It will make GNU Fortran - choose the smallest 'INTEGER' kind a given enumerator set will fit - in, and give all its enumerators this kind. + compiled with the `-fshort-enums' option. It will make GNU + Fortran choose the smallest `INTEGER' kind a given enumerator set + will fit in, and give all its enumerators this kind. -'-fexternal-blas' - This option will make 'gfortran' generate calls to BLAS functions - for some matrix operations like 'MATMUL', instead of using our own +`-fexternal-blas' + This option will make `gfortran' generate calls to BLAS functions + for some matrix operations like `MATMUL', instead of using our own algorithms, if the size of the matrices involved is larger than a - given limit (see '-fblas-matmul-limit'). This may be profitable if - an optimized vendor BLAS library is available. The BLAS library - will have to be specified at link time. + given limit (see `-fblas-matmul-limit'). This may be profitable + if an optimized vendor BLAS library is available. The BLAS + library will have to be specified at link time. -'-fblas-matmul-limit=N' - Only significant when '-fexternal-blas' is in effect. Matrix +`-fblas-matmul-limit=N' + Only significant when `-fexternal-blas' is in effect. Matrix multiplication of matrices with size larger than (or equal to) N will be performed by calls to BLAS functions, while others will be - handled by 'gfortran' internal algorithms. If the matrices + handled by `gfortran' internal algorithms. If the matrices involved are not square, the size comparison is performed using the geometric mean of the dimensions of the argument and result matrices. The default value for N is 30. -'-frecursive' +`-frecursive' Allow indirect recursion by forcing all local arrays to be - allocated on the stack. This flag cannot be used together with - '-fmax-stack-var-size=' or '-fno-automatic'. - -'-finit-local-zero' -'-finit-integer=N' -'-finit-real=<ZERO|INF|-INF|NAN|SNAN>' -'-finit-logical=<TRUE|FALSE>' -'-finit-character=N' - The '-finit-local-zero' option instructs the compiler to initialize - local 'INTEGER', 'REAL', and 'COMPLEX' variables to zero, 'LOGICAL' - variables to false, and 'CHARACTER' variables to a string of null - bytes. Finer-grained initialization options are provided by the - '-finit-integer=N', '-finit-real=<ZERO|INF|-INF|NAN|SNAN>' (which - also initializes the real and imaginary parts of local 'COMPLEX' - variables), '-finit-logical=<TRUE|FALSE>', and '-finit-character=N' - (where N is an ASCII character value) options. These options do - not initialize + allocated on the stack. This flag cannot be used together with + `-fmax-stack-var-size=' or `-fno-automatic'. + +`-finit-local-zero' +`-finit-integer=N' +`-finit-real=<ZERO|INF|-INF|NAN|SNAN>' +`-finit-logical=<TRUE|FALSE>' +`-finit-character=N' + The `-finit-local-zero' option instructs the compiler to + initialize local `INTEGER', `REAL', and `COMPLEX' variables to + zero, `LOGICAL' variables to false, and `CHARACTER' variables to a + string of null bytes. Finer-grained initialization options are + provided by the `-finit-integer=N', + `-finit-real=<ZERO|INF|-INF|NAN|SNAN>' (which also initializes the + real and imaginary parts of local `COMPLEX' variables), + `-finit-logical=<TRUE|FALSE>', and `-finit-character=N' (where N + is an ASCII character value) options. These options do not + initialize * allocatable arrays + * components of derived type variables - * variables that appear in an 'EQUIVALENCE' statement. + + * variables that appear in an `EQUIVALENCE' statement. (These limitations may be removed in future releases). - Note that the '-finit-real=nan' option initializes 'REAL' and - 'COMPLEX' variables with a quiet NaN. For a signalling NaN use - '-finit-real=snan'; note, however, that compile-time optimizations + Note that the `-finit-real=nan' option initializes `REAL' and + `COMPLEX' variables with a quiet NaN. For a signalling NaN use + `-finit-real=snan'; note, however, that compile-time optimizations may convert them into quiet NaN and that trapping needs to be - enabled (e.g. via '-ffpe-trap'). + enabled (e.g. via `-ffpe-trap'). - Finally, note that enabling any of the '-finit-*' options will - silence warnings that would have been emitted by '-Wuninitialized' + Finally, note that enabling any of the `-finit-*' options will + silence warnings that would have been emitted by `-Wuninitialized' for the affected local variables. -'-falign-commons' - By default, 'gfortran' enforces proper alignment of all variables - in a 'COMMON' block by padding them as needed. On certain +`-falign-commons' + By default, `gfortran' enforces proper alignment of all variables + in a `COMMON' block by padding them as needed. On certain platforms this is mandatory, on others it increases performance. - If a 'COMMON' block is not declared with consistent data types + If a `COMMON' block is not declared with consistent data types everywhere, this padding can cause trouble, and - '-fno-align-commons' can be used to disable automatic alignment. + `-fno-align-commons' can be used to disable automatic alignment. The same form of this option should be used for all files that - share a 'COMMON' block. To avoid potential alignment issues in - 'COMMON' blocks, it is recommended to order objects from largest to - smallest. + share a `COMMON' block. To avoid potential alignment issues in + `COMMON' blocks, it is recommended to order objects from largest + to smallest. -'-fno-protect-parens' +`-fno-protect-parens' By default the parentheses in expression are honored for all optimization levels such that the compiler does not do any - re-association. Using '-fno-protect-parens' allows the compiler to - reorder 'REAL' and 'COMPLEX' expressions to produce faster code. - Note that for the re-association optimization '-fno-signed-zeros' - and '-fno-trapping-math' need to be in effect. The parentheses - protection is enabled by default, unless '-Ofast' is given. + re-association. Using `-fno-protect-parens' allows the compiler to + reorder `REAL' and `COMPLEX' expressions to produce faster code. + Note that for the re-association optimization `-fno-signed-zeros' + and `-fno-trapping-math' need to be in effect. The parentheses + protection is enabled by default, unless `-Ofast' is given. -'-frealloc-lhs' +`-frealloc-lhs' An allocatable left-hand side of an intrinsic assignment is automatically (re)allocated if it is either unallocated or has a - different shape. The option is enabled by default except when - '-std=f95' is given. See also '-Wrealloc-lhs'. + different shape. The option is enabled by default except when + `-std=f95' is given. See also `-Wrealloc-lhs'. -'-faggressive-function-elimination' +`-faggressive-function-elimination' Functions with identical argument lists are eliminated within - statements, regardless of whether these functions are marked 'PURE' - or not. For example, in + statements, regardless of whether these functions are marked + `PURE' or not. For example, in a = f(b,c) + f(b,c) - there will only be a single call to 'f'. This option only works if - '-ffrontend-optimize' is in effect. + there will only be a single call to `f'. This option only works + if `-ffrontend-optimize' is in effect. -'-ffrontend-optimize' +`-ffrontend-optimize' This option performs front-end optimization, based on manipulating - parts the Fortran parse tree. Enabled by default by any '-O' + parts the Fortran parse tree. Enabled by default by any `-O' option. Optimizations enabled by this option include elimination of identical function calls within expressions, removing - unnecessary calls to 'TRIM' in comparisons and assignments and - replacing 'TRIM(a)' with 'a(1:LEN_TRIM(a))'. It can be deselected - by specifying '-fno-frontend-optimize'. + unnecessary calls to `TRIM' in comparisons and assignments and + replacing `TRIM(a)' with `a(1:LEN_TRIM(a))'. It can be deselected + by specifying `-fno-frontend-optimize'. - *Note Options for Code Generation Conventions: (gcc)Code Gen Options, -for information on more options offered by the GBE shared by 'gfortran', -'gcc', and other GNU compilers. + *Note Options for Code Generation Conventions: (gcc)Code Gen +Options, for information on more options offered by the GBE shared by +`gfortran', `gcc', and other GNU compilers. File: gfortran.info, Node: Environment Variables, Prev: Code Gen Options, Up: Invoking GNU Fortran -2.10 Environment variables affecting 'gfortran' +2.10 Environment variables affecting `gfortran' =============================================== -The 'gfortran' compiler currently does not make use of any environment +The `gfortran' compiler currently does not make use of any environment variables to control its operation above and beyond those that affect -the operation of 'gcc'. +the operation of `gcc'. *Note Environment Variables Affecting GCC: (gcc)Environment Variables, for information on environment variables. @@ -1673,10 +1681,10 @@ behavior of programs compiled with GNU Fortran. File: gfortran.info, Node: Runtime, Next: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status, Prev: Invoking GNU Fortran, Up: Top -3 Runtime: Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables -****************************************************************** +3 Runtime: Influencing runtime behavior with environment variables +******************************************************************* -The behavior of the 'gfortran' can be influenced by environment +The behavior of the `gfortran' can be influenced by environment variables. Malformed environment variables are silently ignored. @@ -1699,26 +1707,26 @@ variables. File: gfortran.info, Node: TMPDIR, Next: GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT, Up: Runtime -3.1 'TMPDIR'--Directory for scratch files +3.1 `TMPDIR'--Directory for scratch files ========================================= -When opening a file with 'STATUS='SCRATCH'', GNU Fortran tries to create -the file in one of the potential directories by testing each directory -in the order below. +When opening a file with `STATUS='SCRATCH'', GNU Fortran tries to +create the file in one of the potential directories by testing each +directory in the order below. - 1. The environment variable 'TMPDIR', if it exists. + 1. The environment variable `TMPDIR', if it exists. - 2. On the MinGW target, the directory returned by the 'GetTempPath' - function. Alternatively, on the Cygwin target, the 'TMP' and - 'TEMP' environment variables, if they exist, in that order. + 2. On the MinGW target, the directory returned by the `GetTempPath' + function. Alternatively, on the Cygwin target, the `TMP' and + `TEMP' environment variables, if they exist, in that order. - 3. The 'P_tmpdir' macro if it is defined, otherwise the directory - '/tmp'. + 3. The `P_tmpdir' macro if it is defined, otherwise the directory + `/tmp'. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT, Next: GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT, Prev: TMPDIR, Up: Runtime -3.2 'GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT'--Unit number for standard input +3.2 `GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT'--Unit number for standard input ========================================================= This environment variable can be used to select the unit number @@ -1728,7 +1736,7 @@ default value is 5. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT, Next: GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT, Prev: GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT, Up: Runtime -3.3 'GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT'--Unit number for standard output +3.3 `GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT'--Unit number for standard output =========================================================== This environment variable can be used to select the unit number @@ -1738,7 +1746,7 @@ default value is 6. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT, Next: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL, Prev: GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT, Up: Runtime -3.4 'GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT'--Unit number for standard error +3.4 `GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT'--Unit number for standard error ========================================================== This environment variable can be used to select the unit number @@ -1748,63 +1756,63 @@ default value is 0. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL, Next: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED, Prev: GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT, Up: Runtime -3.5 'GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL'--Do not buffer I/O on all units +3.5 `GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL'--Do not buffer I/O on all units ============================================================= This environment variable controls whether all I/O is unbuffered. If -the first letter is 'y', 'Y' or '1', all I/O is unbuffered. This will +the first letter is `y', `Y' or `1', all I/O is unbuffered. This will slow down small sequential reads and writes. If the first letter is -'n', 'N' or '0', I/O is buffered. This is the default. +`n', `N' or `0', I/O is buffered. This is the default. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED, Next: GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS, Prev: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL, Up: Runtime -3.6 'GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED'--Do not buffer I/O on preconnected units +3.6 `GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED'--Do not buffer I/O on preconnected units =============================================================================== -The environment variable named 'GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED' +The environment variable named `GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED' controls whether I/O on a preconnected unit (i.e. STDOUT or STDERR) is -unbuffered. If the first letter is 'y', 'Y' or '1', I/O is unbuffered. +unbuffered. If the first letter is `y', `Y' or `1', I/O is unbuffered. This will slow down small sequential reads and writes. If the first -letter is 'n', 'N' or '0', I/O is buffered. This is the default. +letter is `n', `N' or `0', I/O is buffered. This is the default. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS, Next: GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS, Prev: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED, Up: Runtime -3.7 'GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS'--Show location for runtime errors +3.7 `GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS'--Show location for runtime errors =========================================================== -If the first letter is 'y', 'Y' or '1', filename and line numbers for -runtime errors are printed. If the first letter is 'n', 'N' or '0', do +If the first letter is `y', `Y' or `1', filename and line numbers for +runtime errors are printed. If the first letter is `n', `N' or `0', do not print filename and line numbers for runtime errors. The default is to print the location. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS, Next: GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL, Prev: GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS, Up: Runtime -3.8 'GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS'--Print leading + where permitted +3.8 `GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS'--Print leading + where permitted ============================================================= -If the first letter is 'y', 'Y' or '1', a plus sign is printed where -permitted by the Fortran standard. If the first letter is 'n', 'N' or -'0', a plus sign is not printed in most cases. Default is not to print +If the first letter is `y', `Y' or `1', a plus sign is printed where +permitted by the Fortran standard. If the first letter is `n', `N' or +`0', a plus sign is not printed in most cases. Default is not to print plus signs. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL, Next: GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR, Prev: GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS, Up: Runtime -3.9 'GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL'--Default record length for new files +3.9 `GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL'--Default record length for new files ================================================================ -This environment variable specifies the default record length, in bytes, -for files which are opened without a 'RECL' tag in the 'OPEN' statement. -This must be a positive integer. The default value is 1073741824 bytes -(1 GB). +This environment variable specifies the default record length, in +bytes, for files which are opened without a `RECL' tag in the `OPEN' +statement. This must be a positive integer. The default value is +1073741824 bytes (1 GB). File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR, Next: GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT, Prev: GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL, Up: Runtime -3.10 'GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR'--Separator for list output +3.10 `GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR'--Separator for list output ========================================================= This environment variable specifies the separator when writing @@ -1812,50 +1820,55 @@ list-directed output. It may contain any number of spaces and at most one comma. If you specify this on the command line, be sure to quote spaces, as in $ GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR=' , ' ./a.out - when 'a.out' is the compiled Fortran program that you want to run. + when `a.out' is the compiled Fortran program that you want to run. Default is a single space. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT, Next: GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE, Prev: GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR, Up: Runtime -3.11 'GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT'--Set endianness for unformatted I/O +3.11 `GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT'--Set endianness for unformatted I/O ================================================================ -By setting the 'GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT' variable, it is possible to -change the representation of data for unformatted files. The syntax for -the 'GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT' variable is: +By setting the `GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT' variable, it is possible to +change the representation of data for unformatted files. The syntax +for the `GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT' variable is: GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT: mode | mode ';' exception | exception ; mode: 'native' | 'swap' | 'big_endian' | 'little_endian' ; exception: mode ':' unit_list | unit_list ; unit_list: unit_spec | unit_list unit_spec ; unit_spec: INTEGER | INTEGER '-' INTEGER ; - The variable consists of an optional default mode, followed by a list -of optional exceptions, which are separated by semicolons from the + The variable consists of an optional default mode, followed by a +list of optional exceptions, which are separated by semicolons from the preceding default and each other. Each exception consists of a format -and a comma-separated list of units. Valid values for the modes are the -same as for the 'CONVERT' specifier: - - 'NATIVE' Use the native format. This is the default. - 'SWAP' Swap between little- and big-endian. - 'LITTLE_ENDIAN' Use the little-endian format for unformatted files. - 'BIG_ENDIAN' Use the big-endian format for unformatted files. - A missing mode for an exception is taken to mean 'BIG_ENDIAN'. -Examples of values for 'GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT' are: - ''big_endian'' Do all unformatted I/O in big_endian mode. - ''little_endian;native:10-20,25'' Do all unformatted I/O in +and a comma-separated list of units. Valid values for the modes are +the same as for the `CONVERT' specifier: + + `NATIVE' Use the native format. This is the default. + + `SWAP' Swap between little- and big-endian. + + `LITTLE_ENDIAN' Use the little-endian format for unformatted files. + + `BIG_ENDIAN' Use the big-endian format for unformatted files. + A missing mode for an exception is taken to mean `BIG_ENDIAN'. +Examples of values for `GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT' are: + `'big_endian'' Do all unformatted I/O in big_endian mode. + + `'little_endian;native:10-20,25'' Do all unformatted I/O in little_endian mode, except for units 10 to 20 and 25, which are in native format. - ''10-20'' Units 10 to 20 are big-endian, the rest is native. + + `'10-20'' Units 10 to 20 are big-endian, the rest is native. Setting the environment variables should be done on the command line -or via the 'export' command for 'sh'-compatible shells and via 'setenv' -for 'csh'-compatible shells. +or via the `export' command for `sh'-compatible shells and via `setenv' +for `csh'-compatible shells. - Example for 'sh': + Example for `sh': $ gfortran foo.f90 $ GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT='big_endian;native:10-20' ./a.out - Example code for 'csh': + Example code for `csh': % gfortran foo.f90 % setenv GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT 'big_endian;native:10-20' % ./a.out @@ -1864,10 +1877,10 @@ for 'csh'-compatible shells. carries a significant speed overhead. If speed in this area matters to you, it is best if you use this only for data that needs to be portable. - *Note CONVERT specifier::, for an alternative way to specify the data -representation for unformatted files. *Note Runtime Options::, for + *Note CONVERT specifier::, for an alternative way to specify the +data representation for unformatted files. *Note Runtime Options::, for setting a default data representation for the whole program. The -'CONVERT' specifier overrides the '-fconvert' compile options. +`CONVERT' specifier overrides the `-fconvert' compile options. _Note that the values specified via the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT environment variable will override the CONVERT specifier in the open @@ -1877,14 +1890,14 @@ not have the source code of their program available. File: gfortran.info, Node: GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE, Prev: GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT, Up: Runtime -3.12 'GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE'--Show backtrace on run-time errors +3.12 `GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE'--Show backtrace on run-time errors ================================================================== -If the 'GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE' variable is set to 'y', 'Y' or '1' +If the `GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE' variable is set to `y', `Y' or `1' (only the first letter is relevant) then a backtrace is printed when a serious run-time error occurs. To disable the backtracing, set the -variable to 'n', 'N', '0'. Default is to print a backtrace unless the -'-fno-backtrace' compile option was used. +variable to `n', `N', `0'. Default is to print a backtrace unless the +`-fno-backtrace' compile option was used. File: gfortran.info, Node: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status, Next: Compiler Characteristics, Prev: Runtime, Up: Top @@ -1909,128 +1922,131 @@ can be found below. See also the wiki page (https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Fortran2003) about Fortran 2003. * Procedure pointers including procedure-pointer components with - 'PASS' attribute. + `PASS' attribute. * Procedures which are bound to a derived type (type-bound - procedures) including 'PASS', 'PROCEDURE' and 'GENERIC', and + procedures) including `PASS', `PROCEDURE' and `GENERIC', and operators bound to a type. * Abstract interfaces and type extension with the possibility to override type-bound procedures or to have deferred binding. - * Polymorphic entities ("'CLASS'") for derived types and unlimited - polymorphism ("'CLASS(*)'") - including 'SAME_TYPE_AS', - 'EXTENDS_TYPE_OF' and 'SELECT TYPE' for scalars and arrays and + * Polymorphic entities ("`CLASS'") for derived types and unlimited + polymorphism ("`CLASS(*)'") - including `SAME_TYPE_AS', + `EXTENDS_TYPE_OF' and `SELECT TYPE' for scalars and arrays and finalization. * Generic interface names, which have the same name as derived types, - are now supported. This allows one to write constructor functions. + are now supported. This allows one to write constructor functions. Note that Fortran does not support static constructor functions. For static variables, only default initialization or structure-constructor initialization are available. - * The 'ASSOCIATE' construct. + * The `ASSOCIATE' construct. * Interoperability with C including enumerations, * In structure constructors the components with default values may be omitted. - * Extensions to the 'ALLOCATE' statement, allowing for a + * Extensions to the `ALLOCATE' statement, allowing for a type-specification with type parameter and for allocation and - initialization from a 'SOURCE=' expression; 'ALLOCATE' and - 'DEALLOCATE' optionally return an error message string via - 'ERRMSG='. + initialization from a `SOURCE=' expression; `ALLOCATE' and + `DEALLOCATE' optionally return an error message string via + `ERRMSG='. * Reallocation on assignment: If an intrinsic assignment is used, an allocatable variable on the left-hand side is automatically allocated (if unallocated) or reallocated (if the shape is - different). Currently, scalar deferred character length left-hand + different). Currently, scalar deferred character length left-hand sides are correctly handled but arrays are not yet fully implemented. * Deferred-length character variables and scalar deferred-length - character components of derived types are supported. (Note that + character components of derived types are supported. (Note that array-valued compoents are not yet implemented.) - * Transferring of allocations via 'MOVE_ALLOC'. + * Transferring of allocations via `MOVE_ALLOC'. - * The 'PRIVATE' and 'PUBLIC' attributes may be given individually to + * The `PRIVATE' and `PUBLIC' attributes may be given individually to derived-type components. * In pointer assignments, the lower bound may be specified and the remapping of elements is supported. - * For pointers an 'INTENT' may be specified which affect the + * For pointers an `INTENT' may be specified which affect the association status not the value of the pointer target. - * Intrinsics 'command_argument_count', 'get_command', - 'get_command_argument', and 'get_environment_variable'. + * Intrinsics `command_argument_count', `get_command', + `get_command_argument', and `get_environment_variable'. - * Support for Unicode characters (ISO 10646) and UTF-8, including the - 'SELECTED_CHAR_KIND' and 'NEW_LINE' intrinsic functions. + * Support for Unicode characters (ISO 10646) and UTF-8, including + the `SELECTED_CHAR_KIND' and `NEW_LINE' intrinsic functions. * Support for binary, octal and hexadecimal (BOZ) constants in the - intrinsic functions 'INT', 'REAL', 'CMPLX' and 'DBLE'. + intrinsic functions `INT', `REAL', `CMPLX' and `DBLE'. * Support for namelist variables with allocatable and pointer attribute and nonconstant length type parameter. - * Array constructors using square brackets. That is, '[...]' rather - than '(/.../)'. Type-specification for array constructors like '(/ - some-type :: ... /)'. + * Array constructors using square brackets. That is, `[...]' rather + than `(/.../)'. Type-specification for array constructors like + `(/ some-type :: ... /)'. * Extensions to the specification and initialization expressions, including the support for intrinsics with real and complex arguments. - * Support for the asynchronous input/output syntax; however, the data - transfer is currently always synchronously performed. + * Support for the asynchronous input/output syntax; however, the + data transfer is currently always synchronously performed. - * 'FLUSH' statement. + * `FLUSH' statement. - * 'IOMSG=' specifier for I/O statements. + * `IOMSG=' specifier for I/O statements. - * Support for the declaration of enumeration constants via the 'ENUM' - and 'ENUMERATOR' statements. Interoperability with 'gcc' is - guaranteed also for the case where the '-fshort-enums' command line - option is given. + * Support for the declaration of enumeration constants via the + `ENUM' and `ENUMERATOR' statements. Interoperability with `gcc' + is guaranteed also for the case where the `-fshort-enums' command + line option is given. * TR 15581: - * 'ALLOCATABLE' dummy arguments. - * 'ALLOCATABLE' function results - * 'ALLOCATABLE' components of derived types + * `ALLOCATABLE' dummy arguments. + + * `ALLOCATABLE' function results - * The 'OPEN' statement supports the 'ACCESS='STREAM'' specifier, + * `ALLOCATABLE' components of derived types + + * The `OPEN' statement supports the `ACCESS='STREAM'' specifier, allowing I/O without any record structure. * Namelist input/output for internal files. * Minor I/O features: Rounding during formatted output, using of a decimal comma instead of a decimal point, setting whether a plus - sign should appear for positive numbers. On systems where 'strtod' + sign should appear for positive numbers. On systems where `strtod' honours the rounding mode, the rounding mode is also supported for input. - * The 'PROTECTED' statement and attribute. + * The `PROTECTED' statement and attribute. - * The 'VALUE' statement and attribute. + * The `VALUE' statement and attribute. - * The 'VOLATILE' statement and attribute. + * The `VOLATILE' statement and attribute. - * The 'IMPORT' statement, allowing to import host-associated derived + * The `IMPORT' statement, allowing to import host-associated derived types. - * The intrinsic modules 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENVIRONMENT' is supported, which - contains parameters of the I/O units, storage sizes. Additionally, - procedures for C interoperability are available in the - 'ISO_C_BINDING' module. + * The intrinsic modules `ISO_FORTRAN_ENVIRONMENT' is supported, + which contains parameters of the I/O units, storage sizes. + Additionally, procedures for C interoperability are available in + the `ISO_C_BINDING' module. + + * `USE' statement with `INTRINSIC' and `NON_INTRINSIC' attribute; + supported intrinsic modules: `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV', `ISO_C_BINDING', + `OMP_LIB' and `OMP_LIB_KINDS', and `OPENACC'. - * 'USE' statement with 'INTRINSIC' and 'NON_INTRINSIC' attribute; - supported intrinsic modules: 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV', 'ISO_C_BINDING', - 'OMP_LIB' and 'OMP_LIB_KINDS', and 'OPENACC'. + * Renaming of operators in the `USE' statement. - * Renaming of operators in the 'USE' statement. File: gfortran.info, Node: Fortran 2008 status, Next: TS 29113 status, Prev: Fortran 2003 status, Up: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status @@ -2043,10 +2059,10 @@ informally known as Fortran 2008. The official version is available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or its national member organizations. The the final draft (FDIS) can be downloaded free of charge from -<http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/links.html>. Fortran is developed by the +`http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/links.html'. Fortran is developed by the Working Group 5 of Sub-Committee 22 of the Joint Technical Committee 1 of the International Organization for Standardization and the -International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). This group is known as +International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). This group is known as WG5 (http://www.nag.co.uk/sc22wg5/). The GNU Fortran compiler supports several of the new features of @@ -2054,93 +2070,93 @@ Fortran 2008; the wiki (https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Fortran2008Status) has some information about the current Fortran 2008 implementation status. In particular, the following is implemented. - * The '-std=f2008' option and support for the file extensions '.f08' - and '.F08'. + * The `-std=f2008' option and support for the file extensions `.f08' + and `.F08'. - * The 'OPEN' statement now supports the 'NEWUNIT=' option, which + * The `OPEN' statement now supports the `NEWUNIT=' option, which returns a unique file unit, thus preventing inadvertent use of the same unit in different parts of the program. - * The 'g0' format descriptor and unlimited format items. + * The `g0' format descriptor and unlimited format items. - * The mathematical intrinsics 'ASINH', 'ACOSH', 'ATANH', 'ERF', - 'ERFC', 'GAMMA', 'LOG_GAMMA', 'BESSEL_J0', 'BESSEL_J1', - 'BESSEL_JN', 'BESSEL_Y0', 'BESSEL_Y1', 'BESSEL_YN', 'HYPOT', - 'NORM2', and 'ERFC_SCALED'. + * The mathematical intrinsics `ASINH', `ACOSH', `ATANH', `ERF', + `ERFC', `GAMMA', `LOG_GAMMA', `BESSEL_J0', `BESSEL_J1', + `BESSEL_JN', `BESSEL_Y0', `BESSEL_Y1', `BESSEL_YN', `HYPOT', + `NORM2', and `ERFC_SCALED'. - * Using complex arguments with 'TAN', 'SINH', 'COSH', 'TANH', 'ASIN', - 'ACOS', and 'ATAN' is now possible; 'ATAN'(Y,X) is now an alias for - 'ATAN2'(Y,X). + * Using complex arguments with `TAN', `SINH', `COSH', `TANH', + `ASIN', `ACOS', and `ATAN' is now possible; `ATAN'(Y,X) is now an + alias for `ATAN2'(Y,X). - * Support of the 'PARITY' intrinsic functions. + * Support of the `PARITY' intrinsic functions. - * The following bit intrinsics: 'LEADZ' and 'TRAILZ' for counting the - number of leading and trailing zero bits, 'POPCNT' and 'POPPAR' for - counting the number of one bits and returning the parity; 'BGE', - 'BGT', 'BLE', and 'BLT' for bitwise comparisons; 'DSHIFTL' and - 'DSHIFTR' for combined left and right shifts, 'MASKL' and 'MASKR' - for simple left and right justified masks, 'MERGE_BITS' for a - bitwise merge using a mask, 'SHIFTA', 'SHIFTL' and 'SHIFTR' for - shift operations, and the transformational bit intrinsics 'IALL', - 'IANY' and 'IPARITY'. + * The following bit intrinsics: `LEADZ' and `TRAILZ' for counting + the number of leading and trailing zero bits, `POPCNT' and + `POPPAR' for counting the number of one bits and returning the + parity; `BGE', `BGT', `BLE', and `BLT' for bitwise comparisons; + `DSHIFTL' and `DSHIFTR' for combined left and right shifts, + `MASKL' and `MASKR' for simple left and right justified masks, + `MERGE_BITS' for a bitwise merge using a mask, `SHIFTA', `SHIFTL' + and `SHIFTR' for shift operations, and the transformational bit + intrinsics `IALL', `IANY' and `IPARITY'. - * Support of the 'EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE' intrinsic subroutine. + * Support of the `EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE' intrinsic subroutine. - * Support for the 'STORAGE_SIZE' intrinsic inquiry function. + * Support for the `STORAGE_SIZE' intrinsic inquiry function. - * The 'INT{8,16,32}' and 'REAL{32,64,128}' kind type parameters and - the array-valued named constants 'INTEGER_KINDS', 'LOGICAL_KINDS', - 'REAL_KINDS' and 'CHARACTER_KINDS' of the intrinsic module - 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. + * The `INT{8,16,32}' and `REAL{32,64,128}' kind type parameters and + the array-valued named constants `INTEGER_KINDS', `LOGICAL_KINDS', + `REAL_KINDS' and `CHARACTER_KINDS' of the intrinsic module + `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. - * The module procedures 'C_SIZEOF' of the intrinsic module - 'ISO_C_BINDINGS' and 'COMPILER_VERSION' and 'COMPILER_OPTIONS' of - 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. + * The module procedures `C_SIZEOF' of the intrinsic module + `ISO_C_BINDINGS' and `COMPILER_VERSION' and `COMPILER_OPTIONS' of + `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. - * Coarray support for serial programs with '-fcoarray=single' flag + * Coarray support for serial programs with `-fcoarray=single' flag and experimental support for multiple images with the - '-fcoarray=lib' flag. + `-fcoarray=lib' flag. - * The 'DO CONCURRENT' construct is supported. + * The `DO CONCURRENT' construct is supported. - * The 'BLOCK' construct is supported. + * The `BLOCK' construct is supported. - * The 'STOP' and the new 'ERROR STOP' statements now support all - constant expressions. Both show the signals which were signaling + * The `STOP' and the new `ERROR STOP' statements now support all + constant expressions. Both show the signals which were signaling at termination. - * Support for the 'CONTIGUOUS' attribute. + * Support for the `CONTIGUOUS' attribute. - * Support for 'ALLOCATE' with 'MOLD'. + * Support for `ALLOCATE' with `MOLD'. - * Support for the 'IMPURE' attribute for procedures, which allows for - 'ELEMENTAL' procedures without the restrictions of 'PURE'. + * Support for the `IMPURE' attribute for procedures, which allows + for `ELEMENTAL' procedures without the restrictions of `PURE'. - * Null pointers (including 'NULL()') and not-allocated variables can + * Null pointers (including `NULL()') and not-allocated variables can be used as actual argument to optional non-pointer, non-allocatable dummy arguments, denoting an absent argument. - * Non-pointer variables with 'TARGET' attribute can be used as actual - argument to 'POINTER' dummies with 'INTENT(IN)'. + * Non-pointer variables with `TARGET' attribute can be used as + actual argument to `POINTER' dummies with `INTENT(IN)'. * Pointers including procedure pointers and those in a derived type (pointer components) can now be initialized by a target instead of - only by 'NULL'. + only by `NULL'. - * The 'EXIT' statement (with construct-name) can be now be used to - leave not only the 'DO' but also the 'ASSOCIATE', 'BLOCK', 'IF', - 'SELECT CASE' and 'SELECT TYPE' constructs. + * The `EXIT' statement (with construct-name) can be now be used to + leave not only the `DO' but also the `ASSOCIATE', `BLOCK', `IF', + `SELECT CASE' and `SELECT TYPE' constructs. * Internal procedures can now be used as actual argument. - * Minor features: obsolesce diagnostics for 'ENTRY' with - '-std=f2008'; a line may start with a semicolon; for internal and - module procedures 'END' can be used instead of 'END SUBROUTINE' and - 'END FUNCTION'; 'SELECTED_REAL_KIND' now also takes a 'RADIX' + * Minor features: obsolesce diagnostics for `ENTRY' with + `-std=f2008'; a line may start with a semicolon; for internal and + module procedures `END' can be used instead of `END SUBROUTINE' + and `END FUNCTION'; `SELECTED_REAL_KIND' now also takes a `RADIX' argument; intrinsic types are supported for - 'TYPE'(INTRINSIC-TYPE-SPEC); multiple type-bound procedures can be - declared in a single 'PROCEDURE' statement; implied-shape arrays - are supported for named constants ('PARAMETER'). + `TYPE'(INTRINSIC-TYPE-SPEC); multiple type-bound procedures can be + declared in a single `PROCEDURE' statement; implied-shape arrays + are supported for named constants (`PARAMETER'). File: gfortran.info, Node: TS 29113 status, Prev: Fortran 2008 status, Up: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status @@ -2156,19 +2172,19 @@ following is implemented. See also *note Further Interoperability of Fortran with C::. - * The '-std=f2008ts' option. + * The `-std=f2008ts' option. - * The 'OPTIONAL' attribute is allowed for dummy arguments of 'BIND(C) - procedures.' + * The `OPTIONAL' attribute is allowed for dummy arguments of + `BIND(C) procedures.' - * The 'RANK' intrinsic is supported. + * The `RANK' intrinsic is supported. - * GNU Fortran's implementation for variables with 'ASYNCHRONOUS' + * GNU Fortran's implementation for variables with `ASYNCHRONOUS' attribute is compatible with TS 29113. - * Assumed types ('TYPE(*)'. + * Assumed types (`TYPE(*)'. - * Assumed-rank ('DIMENSION(..)'). However, the array descriptor of + * Assumed-rank (`DIMENSION(..)'). However, the array descriptor of the TS is not yet supported. @@ -2195,41 +2211,42 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: KIND Type Parameters, Next: Internal representation 5.1 KIND Type Parameters ======================== -The 'KIND' type parameters supported by GNU Fortran for the primitive +The `KIND' type parameters supported by GNU Fortran for the primitive data types are: -'INTEGER' +`INTEGER' 1, 2, 4, 8*, 16*, default: 4** -'LOGICAL' +`LOGICAL' 1, 2, 4, 8*, 16*, default: 4** -'REAL' +`REAL' 4, 8, 10*, 16*, default: 4*** -'COMPLEX' +`COMPLEX' 4, 8, 10*, 16*, default: 4*** -'DOUBLE PRECISION' +`DOUBLE PRECISION' 4, 8, 10*, 16*, default: 8*** -'CHARACTER' +`CHARACTER' 1, 4, default: 1 + * not available on all systems -** unless '-fdefault-integer-8' is used -*** unless '-fdefault-real-8' is used (see *note Fortran Dialect +** unless `-fdefault-integer-8' is used +*** unless `-fdefault-real-8' is used (see *note Fortran Dialect Options::) -The 'KIND' value matches the storage size in bytes, except for 'COMPLEX' -where the storage size is twice as much (or both real and imaginary part -are a real value of the given size). It is recommended to use the *note -SELECTED_CHAR_KIND::, *note SELECTED_INT_KIND:: and *note -SELECTED_REAL_KIND:: intrinsics or the 'INT8', 'INT16', 'INT32', -'INT64', 'REAL32', 'REAL64', and 'REAL128' parameters of the -'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' module instead of the concrete values. The available -kind parameters can be found in the constant arrays 'CHARACTER_KINDS', -'INTEGER_KINDS', 'LOGICAL_KINDS' and 'REAL_KINDS' in the *note +The `KIND' value matches the storage size in bytes, except for +`COMPLEX' where the storage size is twice as much (or both real and +imaginary part are a real value of the given size). It is recommended +to use the *note SELECTED_CHAR_KIND::, *note SELECTED_INT_KIND:: and +*note SELECTED_REAL_KIND:: intrinsics or the `INT8', `INT16', `INT32', +`INT64', `REAL32', `REAL64', and `REAL128' parameters of the +`ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' module instead of the concrete values. The available +kind parameters can be found in the constant arrays `CHARACTER_KINDS', +`INTEGER_KINDS', `LOGICAL_KINDS' and `REAL_KINDS' in the *note ISO_FORTRAN_ENV:: module. For C interoperability, the kind parameters of the *note ISO_C_BINDING:: module should be used. @@ -2239,14 +2256,14 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Internal representation of LOGICAL variables, Next: 5.2 Internal representation of LOGICAL variables ================================================ -The Fortran standard does not specify how variables of 'LOGICAL' type -are represented, beyond requiring that 'LOGICAL' variables of default -kind have the same storage size as default 'INTEGER' and 'REAL' +The Fortran standard does not specify how variables of `LOGICAL' type +are represented, beyond requiring that `LOGICAL' variables of default +kind have the same storage size as default `INTEGER' and `REAL' variables. The GNU Fortran internal representation is as follows. - A 'LOGICAL(KIND=N)' variable is represented as an 'INTEGER(KIND=N)' -variable, however, with only two permissible values: '1' for '.TRUE.' -and '0' for '.FALSE.'. Any other integer value results in undefined + A `LOGICAL(KIND=N)' variable is represented as an `INTEGER(KIND=N)' +variable, however, with only two permissible values: `1' for `.TRUE.' +and `0' for `.FALSE.'. Any other integer value results in undefined behavior. See also *note Argument passing conventions:: and *note @@ -2258,44 +2275,45 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Thread-safety of the runtime library, Next: Data co 5.3 Thread-safety of the runtime library ======================================== -GNU Fortran can be used in programs with multiple threads, e.g. by using -OpenMP, by calling OS thread handling functions via the 'ISO_C_BINDING' -facility, or by GNU Fortran compiled library code being called from a -multi-threaded program. +GNU Fortran can be used in programs with multiple threads, e.g. by +using OpenMP, by calling OS thread handling functions via the +`ISO_C_BINDING' facility, or by GNU Fortran compiled library code being +called from a multi-threaded program. - The GNU Fortran runtime library, ('libgfortran'), supports being + The GNU Fortran runtime library, (`libgfortran'), supports being called concurrently from multiple threads with the following exceptions. - During library initialization, the C 'getenv' function is used, which -need not be thread-safe. Similarly, the 'getenv' function is used to -implement the 'GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' and 'GETENV' intrinsics. It is -the responsibility of the user to ensure that the environment is not -being updated concurrently when any of these actions are taking place. + During library initialization, the C `getenv' function is used, +which need not be thread-safe. Similarly, the `getenv' function is +used to implement the `GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' and `GETENV' +intrinsics. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the +environment is not being updated concurrently when any of these actions +are taking place. - The 'EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE' and 'SYSTEM' intrinsics are implemented -with the 'system' function, which need not be thread-safe. It is the -responsibility of the user to ensure that 'system' is not called + The `EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE' and `SYSTEM' intrinsics are implemented +with the `system' function, which need not be thread-safe. It is the +responsibility of the user to ensure that `system' is not called concurrently. For platforms not supporting thread-safe POSIX functions, further -functionality might not be thread-safe. For details, please consult the -documentation for your operating system. +functionality might not be thread-safe. For details, please consult +the documentation for your operating system. The GNU Fortran runtime library uses various C library functions that -depend on the locale, such as 'strtod' and 'snprintf'. In order to work -correctly in locale-aware programs that set the locale using -'setlocale', the locale is reset to the default "C" locale while -executing a formatted 'READ' or 'WRITE' statement. On targets +depend on the locale, such as `strtod' and `snprintf'. In order to +work correctly in locale-aware programs that set the locale using +`setlocale', the locale is reset to the default "C" locale while +executing a formatted `READ' or `WRITE' statement. On targets supporting the POSIX 2008 per-thread locale functions (e.g. -'newlocale', 'uselocale', 'freelocale'), these are used and thus the -global locale set using 'setlocale' or the per-thread locales in other +`newlocale', `uselocale', `freelocale'), these are used and thus the +global locale set using `setlocale' or the per-thread locales in other threads are not affected. However, on targets lacking this functionality, the global LC_NUMERIC locale is set to "C" during the -formatted I/O. Thus, on such targets it's not safe to call 'setlocale' -concurrently from another thread while a Fortran formatted I/O operation -is in progress. Also, other threads doing something dependent on the -LC_NUMERIC locale might not work correctly if a formatted I/O operation -is in progress in another thread. +formatted I/O. Thus, on such targets it's not safe to call `setlocale' +concurrently from another thread while a Fortran formatted I/O +operation is in progress. Also, other threads doing something +dependent on the LC_NUMERIC locale might not work correctly if a +formatted I/O operation is in progress in another thread. File: gfortran.info, Node: Data consistency and durability, Next: Files opened without an explicit ACTION= specifier, Prev: Thread-safety of the runtime library, Up: Compiler Characteristics @@ -2307,12 +2325,12 @@ This section contains a brief overview of data and metadata consistency and durability issues when doing I/O. With respect to durability, GNU Fortran makes no effort to ensure -that data is committed to stable storage. If this is required, the GNU -Fortran programmer can use the intrinsic 'FNUM' to retrieve the low -level file descriptor corresponding to an open Fortran unit. Then, -using e.g. the 'ISO_C_BINDING' feature, one can call the underlying -system call to flush dirty data to stable storage, such as 'fsync' on -POSIX, '_commit' on MingW, or 'fcntl(fd, F_FULLSYNC, 0)' on Mac OS X. +that data is committed to stable storage. If this is required, the GNU +Fortran programmer can use the intrinsic `FNUM' to retrieve the low +level file descriptor corresponding to an open Fortran unit. Then, +using e.g. the `ISO_C_BINDING' feature, one can call the underlying +system call to flush dirty data to stable storage, such as `fsync' on +POSIX, `_commit' on MingW, or `fcntl(fd, F_FULLSYNC, 0)' on Mac OS X. The following example shows how to call fsync: ! Declare the interface for POSIX fsync function @@ -2342,29 +2360,30 @@ The following example shows how to call fsync: if (ret /= 0) stop "Error calling FSYNC" With respect to consistency, for regular files GNU Fortran uses -buffered I/O in order to improve performance. This buffer is flushed -automatically when full and in some other situations, e.g. when closing -a unit. It can also be explicitly flushed with the 'FLUSH' statement. -Also, the buffering can be turned off with the 'GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL' -and 'GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED' environment variables. Special -files, such as terminals and pipes, are always unbuffered. Sometimes, -however, further things may need to be done in order to allow other -processes to see data that GNU Fortran has written, as follows. +buffered I/O in order to improve performance. This buffer is flushed +automatically when full and in some other situations, e.g. when closing +a unit. It can also be explicitly flushed with the `FLUSH' statement. +Also, the buffering can be turned off with the +`GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL' and `GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED' +environment variables. Special files, such as terminals and pipes, are +always unbuffered. Sometimes, however, further things may need to be +done in order to allow other processes to see data that GNU Fortran has +written, as follows. The Windows platform supports a relaxed metadata consistency model, -where file metadata is written to the directory lazily. This means -that, for instance, the 'dir' command can show a stale size for a file. +where file metadata is written to the directory lazily. This means +that, for instance, the `dir' command can show a stale size for a file. One can force a directory metadata update by closing the unit, or by -calling '_commit' on the file descriptor. Note, though, that '_commit' +calling `_commit' on the file descriptor. Note, though, that `_commit' will force all dirty data to stable storage, which is often a very slow operation. The Network File System (NFS) implements a relaxed consistency model -called open-to-close consistency. Closing a file forces dirty data and +called open-to-close consistency. Closing a file forces dirty data and metadata to be flushed to the server, and opening a file forces the client to contact the server in order to revalidate cached data. -'fsync' will also force a flush of dirty data and metadata to the -server. Similar to 'open' and 'close', acquiring and releasing 'fcntl' +`fsync' will also force a flush of dirty data and metadata to the +server. Similar to `open' and `close', acquiring and releasing `fcntl' file locks, if the server supports them, will also force cache validation and flushing dirty data and metadata. @@ -2374,13 +2393,16 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Files opened without an explicit ACTION= specifier, 5.5 Files opened without an explicit ACTION= specifier ====================================================== -The Fortran standard says that if an 'OPEN' statement is executed -without an explicit 'ACTION=' specifier, the default value is processor +The Fortran standard says that if an `OPEN' statement is executed +without an explicit `ACTION=' specifier, the default value is processor dependent. GNU Fortran behaves as follows: - 1. Attempt to open the file with 'ACTION='READWRITE'' - 2. If that fails, try to open with 'ACTION='READ'' - 3. If that fails, try to open with 'ACTION='WRITE'' + 1. Attempt to open the file with `ACTION='READWRITE'' + + 2. If that fails, try to open with `ACTION='READ'' + + 3. If that fails, try to open with `ACTION='WRITE'' + 4. If that fails, generate an error @@ -2411,11 +2433,12 @@ GNU Fortran implements a number of extensions over standard Fortran. This chapter contains information on their syntax and meaning. There are currently two categories of GNU Fortran extensions, those that provide functionality beyond that provided by any standard, and those -that are supported by GNU Fortran purely for backward compatibility with -legacy compilers. By default, '-std=gnu' allows the compiler to accept -both types of extensions, but to warn about the use of the latter. -Specifying either '-std=f95', '-std=f2003' or '-std=f2008' disables both -types of extensions, and '-std=legacy' allows both without warning. +that are supported by GNU Fortran purely for backward compatibility +with legacy compilers. By default, `-std=gnu' allows the compiler to +accept both types of extensions, but to warn about the use of the +latter. Specifying either `-std=f95', `-std=f2003' or `-std=f2008' +disables both types of extensions, and `-std=legacy' allows both +without warning. * Menu: @@ -2426,7 +2449,7 @@ types of extensions, and '-std=legacy' allows both without warning. * Commas in FORMAT specifications:: * Missing period in FORMAT specifications:: * I/O item lists:: -* 'Q' exponent-letter:: +* `Q' exponent-letter:: * BOZ literal constants:: * Real array indices:: * Unary operators:: @@ -2448,17 +2471,17 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Old-style kind specifications, Next: Old-style vari GNU Fortran allows old-style kind specifications in declarations. These look like: TYPESPEC*size x,y,z -where 'TYPESPEC' is a basic type ('INTEGER', 'REAL', etc.), and where -'size' is a byte count corresponding to the storage size of a valid kind -for that type. (For 'COMPLEX' variables, 'size' is the total size of -the real and imaginary parts.) The statement then declares 'x', 'y' and -'z' to be of type 'TYPESPEC' with the appropriate kind. This is -equivalent to the standard-conforming declaration + where `TYPESPEC' is a basic type (`INTEGER', `REAL', etc.), and +where `size' is a byte count corresponding to the storage size of a +valid kind for that type. (For `COMPLEX' variables, `size' is the +total size of the real and imaginary parts.) The statement then +declares `x', `y' and `z' to be of type `TYPESPEC' with the appropriate +kind. This is equivalent to the standard-conforming declaration TYPESPEC(k) x,y,z -where 'k' is the kind parameter suitable for the intended precision. As -kind parameters are implementation-dependent, use the 'KIND', -'SELECTED_INT_KIND' and 'SELECTED_REAL_KIND' intrinsics to retrieve the -correct value, for instance 'REAL*8 x' can be replaced by: + where `k' is the kind parameter suitable for the intended precision. +As kind parameters are implementation-dependent, use the `KIND', +`SELECTED_INT_KIND' and `SELECTED_REAL_KIND' intrinsics to retrieve the +correct value, for instance `REAL*8 x' can be replaced by: INTEGER, PARAMETER :: dbl = KIND(1.0d0) REAL(KIND=dbl) :: x @@ -2471,12 +2494,12 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Old-style variable initialization, Next: Extensions GNU Fortran allows old-style initialization of variables of the form: INTEGER i/1/,j/2/ REAL x(2,2) /3*0.,1./ - The syntax for the initializers is as for the 'DATA' statement, but -unlike in a 'DATA' statement, an initializer only applies to the + The syntax for the initializers is as for the `DATA' statement, but +unlike in a `DATA' statement, an initializer only applies to the variable immediately preceding the initialization. In other words, -something like 'INTEGER I,J/2,3/' is not valid. This style of +something like `INTEGER I,J/2,3/' is not valid. This style of initialization is only allowed in declarations without double colons -('::'); the double colons were introduced in Fortran 90, which also +(`::'); the double colons were introduced in Fortran 90, which also introduced a standard syntax for initializing variables in type declarations. @@ -2491,7 +2514,7 @@ are: DATA i/1/, j/2/, x/3*0.,1./ Note that variables which are explicitly initialized in declarations -or in 'DATA' statements automatically acquire the 'SAVE' attribute. +or in `DATA' statements automatically acquire the `SAVE' attribute. File: gfortran.info, Node: Extensions to namelist, Next: X format descriptor without count field, Prev: Old-style variable initialization, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran @@ -2505,17 +2528,17 @@ types. The output from a namelist write is compatible with namelist read. The output has all names in upper case and indentation to column 1 after the namelist name. Two extensions are permitted: - Old-style use of '$' instead of '&' + Old-style use of `$' instead of `&' $MYNML X(:)%Y(2) = 1.0 2.0 3.0 CH(1:4) = "abcd" $END - It should be noted that the default terminator is '/' rather than -'&END'. + It should be noted that the default terminator is `/' rather than +`&END'. Querying of the namelist when inputting from stdin. After at least -one space, entering '?' sends to stdout the namelist name and the names +one space, entering `?' sends to stdout the namelist name and the names of the variables in the namelist: ? @@ -2525,7 +2548,7 @@ of the variables in the namelist: ch &end - Entering '=?' outputs the namelist to stdout, as if 'WRITE(*,NML = + Entering `=?' outputs the namelist to stdout, as if `WRITE(*,NML = mynml)' had been called: =? @@ -2536,10 +2559,10 @@ mynml)' had been called: CH=abcd, / To aid this dialog, when input is from stdin, errors send their -messages to stderr and execution continues, even if 'IOSTAT' is set. +messages to stderr and execution continues, even if `IOSTAT' is set. - 'PRINT' namelist is permitted. This causes an error if '-std=f95' is -used. + `PRINT' namelist is permitted. This causes an error if `-std=f95' +is used. PROGRAM test_print REAL, dimension (4) :: x = (/1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0/) NAMELIST /mynml/ x @@ -2547,15 +2570,15 @@ used. END PROGRAM test_print Expanded namelist reads are permitted. This causes an error if -'-std=f95' is used. In the following example, the first element of the +`-std=f95' is used. In the following example, the first element of the array will be given the value 0.00 and the two succeeding elements will be given the values 1.00 and 2.00. &MYNML X(1,1) = 0.00 , 1.00 , 2.00 / - When writing a namelist, if no 'DELIM=' is specified, by default a -double quote is used to delimit character strings. If -std=F95, F2003, + When writing a namelist, if no `DELIM=' is specified, by default a +double quote is used to delimit character strings. If -std=F95, F2003, or F2008, etc, the delim status is set to 'none'. Defaulting to quotes ensures that namelists with character strings can be subsequently read back in accurately. @@ -2563,12 +2586,12 @@ back in accurately. File: gfortran.info, Node: X format descriptor without count field, Next: Commas in FORMAT specifications, Prev: Extensions to namelist, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran -6.1.4 'X' format descriptor without count field +6.1.4 `X' format descriptor without count field ----------------------------------------------- -To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran permits the count field of the 'X' -edit descriptor in 'FORMAT' statements to be omitted. When omitted, the -count is implicitly assumed to be one. +To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran permits the count field of the `X' +edit descriptor in `FORMAT' statements to be omitted. When omitted, +the count is implicitly assumed to be one. PRINT 10, 2, 3 10 FORMAT (I1, X, I1) @@ -2576,12 +2599,12 @@ count is implicitly assumed to be one. File: gfortran.info, Node: Commas in FORMAT specifications, Next: Missing period in FORMAT specifications, Prev: X format descriptor without count field, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran -6.1.5 Commas in 'FORMAT' specifications +6.1.5 Commas in `FORMAT' specifications --------------------------------------- To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran allows the comma separator to be omitted immediately before and after character string edit descriptors -in 'FORMAT' statements. +in `FORMAT' statements. PRINT 10, 2, 3 10 FORMAT ('FOO='I1' BAR='I2) @@ -2589,11 +2612,11 @@ in 'FORMAT' statements. File: gfortran.info, Node: Missing period in FORMAT specifications, Next: I/O item lists, Prev: Commas in FORMAT specifications, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran -6.1.6 Missing period in 'FORMAT' specifications +6.1.6 Missing period in `FORMAT' specifications ----------------------------------------------- To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran allows missing periods in format -specifications if and only if '-std=legacy' is given on the command +specifications if and only if `-std=legacy' is given on the command line. This is considered non-conforming code and is discouraged. REAL :: value @@ -2601,73 +2624,74 @@ line. This is considered non-conforming code and is discouraged. 10 FORMAT ('F4') -File: gfortran.info, Node: I/O item lists, Next: 'Q' exponent-letter, Prev: Missing period in FORMAT specifications, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran +File: gfortran.info, Node: I/O item lists, Next: `Q' exponent-letter, Prev: Missing period in FORMAT specifications, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran 6.1.7 I/O item lists -------------------- To support legacy codes, GNU Fortran allows the input item list of the -'READ' statement, and the output item lists of the 'WRITE' and 'PRINT' +`READ' statement, and the output item lists of the `WRITE' and `PRINT' statements, to start with a comma. -File: gfortran.info, Node: 'Q' exponent-letter, Next: BOZ literal constants, Prev: I/O item lists, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran +File: gfortran.info, Node: `Q' exponent-letter, Next: BOZ literal constants, Prev: I/O item lists, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran -6.1.8 'Q' exponent-letter +6.1.8 `Q' exponent-letter ------------------------- GNU Fortran accepts real literal constants with an exponent-letter of -'Q', for example, '1.23Q45'. The constant is interpreted as a -'REAL(16)' entity on targets that support this type. If the target does -not support 'REAL(16)' but has a 'REAL(10)' type, then the -real-literal-constant will be interpreted as a 'REAL(10)' entity. In -the absence of 'REAL(16)' and 'REAL(10)', an error will occur. +`Q', for example, `1.23Q45'. The constant is interpreted as a +`REAL(16)' entity on targets that support this type. If the target +does not support `REAL(16)' but has a `REAL(10)' type, then the +real-literal-constant will be interpreted as a `REAL(10)' entity. In +the absence of `REAL(16)' and `REAL(10)', an error will occur. -File: gfortran.info, Node: BOZ literal constants, Next: Real array indices, Prev: 'Q' exponent-letter, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran +File: gfortran.info, Node: BOZ literal constants, Next: Real array indices, Prev: `Q' exponent-letter, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran 6.1.9 BOZ literal constants --------------------------- -Besides decimal constants, Fortran also supports binary ('b'), octal -('o') and hexadecimal ('z') integer constants. The syntax is: 'prefix -quote digits quote', were the prefix is either 'b', 'o' or 'z', quote is -either ''' or '"' and the digits are for binary '0' or '1', for octal -between '0' and '7', and for hexadecimal between '0' and 'F'. (Example: -'b'01011101''.) +Besides decimal constants, Fortran also supports binary (`b'), octal +(`o') and hexadecimal (`z') integer constants. The syntax is: `prefix +quote digits quote', were the prefix is either `b', `o' or `z', quote +is either `'' or `"' and the digits are for binary `0' or `1', for +octal between `0' and `7', and for hexadecimal between `0' and `F'. +(Example: `b'01011101''.) Up to Fortran 95, BOZ literals were only allowed to initialize integer variables in DATA statements. Since Fortran 2003 BOZ literals -are also allowed as argument of 'REAL', 'DBLE', 'INT' and 'CMPLX'; the +are also allowed as argument of `REAL', `DBLE', `INT' and `CMPLX'; the result is the same as if the integer BOZ literal had been converted by -'TRANSFER' to, respectively, 'real', 'double precision', 'integer' or -'complex'. As GNU Fortran extension the intrinsic procedures 'FLOAT', -'DFLOAT', 'COMPLEX' and 'DCMPLX' are treated alike. +`TRANSFER' to, respectively, `real', `double precision', `integer' or +`complex'. As GNU Fortran extension the intrinsic procedures `FLOAT', +`DFLOAT', `COMPLEX' and `DCMPLX' are treated alike. - As an extension, GNU Fortran allows hexadecimal BOZ literal constants -to be specified using the 'X' prefix, in addition to the standard 'Z' -prefix. The BOZ literal can also be specified by adding a suffix to the -string, for example, 'Z'ABC'' and ''ABC'Z' are equivalent. + As an extension, GNU Fortran allows hexadecimal BOZ literal +constants to be specified using the `X' prefix, in addition to the +standard `Z' prefix. The BOZ literal can also be specified by adding a +suffix to the string, for example, `Z'ABC'' and `'ABC'Z' are equivalent. Furthermore, GNU Fortran allows using BOZ literal constants outside DATA statements and the four intrinsic functions allowed by Fortran 2003. In DATA statements, in direct assignments, where the right-hand side only contains a BOZ literal constant, and for old-style -initializers of the form 'integer i /o'0173'/', the constant is -transferred as if 'TRANSFER' had been used; for 'COMPLEX' numbers, only -the real part is initialized unless 'CMPLX' is used. In all other -cases, the BOZ literal constant is converted to an 'INTEGER' value with +initializers of the form `integer i /o'0173'/', the constant is +transferred as if `TRANSFER' had been used; for `COMPLEX' numbers, only +the real part is initialized unless `CMPLX' is used. In all other +cases, the BOZ literal constant is converted to an `INTEGER' value with the largest decimal representation. This value is then converted numerically to the type and kind of the variable in question. (For -instance, 'real :: r = b'0000001' + 1' initializes 'r' with '2.0'.) As +instance, `real :: r = b'0000001' + 1' initializes `r' with `2.0'.) As different compilers implement the extension differently, one should be careful when doing bitwise initialization of non-integer variables. - Note that initializing an 'INTEGER' variable with a statement such as -'DATA i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/' will give an integer overflow error rather than -the desired result of -1 when 'i' is a 32-bit integer on a system that -supports 64-bit integers. The '-fno-range-check' option can be used as -a workaround for legacy code that initializes integers in this manner. + Note that initializing an `INTEGER' variable with a statement such +as `DATA i/Z'FFFFFFFF'/' will give an integer overflow error rather +than the desired result of -1 when `i' is a 32-bit integer on a system +that supports 64-bit integers. The `-fno-range-check' option can be +used as a workaround for legacy code that initializes integers in this +manner. File: gfortran.info, Node: Real array indices, Next: Unary operators, Prev: BOZ literal constants, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran @@ -2675,7 +2699,7 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Real array indices, Next: Unary operators, Prev: B 6.1.10 Real array indices ------------------------- -As an extension, GNU Fortran allows the use of 'REAL' expressions or +As an extension, GNU Fortran allows the use of `REAL' expressions or variables as array indices. @@ -2693,24 +2717,25 @@ the need for parenthesis. File: gfortran.info, Node: Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values, Next: Hollerith constants support, Prev: Unary operators, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran -6.1.12 Implicitly convert 'LOGICAL' and 'INTEGER' values +6.1.12 Implicitly convert `LOGICAL' and `INTEGER' values -------------------------------------------------------- As an extension for backwards compatibility with other compilers, GNU -Fortran allows the implicit conversion of 'LOGICAL' values to 'INTEGER' -values and vice versa. When converting from a 'LOGICAL' to an -'INTEGER', '.FALSE.' is interpreted as zero, and '.TRUE.' is interpreted -as one. When converting from 'INTEGER' to 'LOGICAL', the value zero is -interpreted as '.FALSE.' and any nonzero value is interpreted as -'.TRUE.'. +Fortran allows the implicit conversion of `LOGICAL' values to `INTEGER' +values and vice versa. When converting from a `LOGICAL' to an +`INTEGER', `.FALSE.' is interpreted as zero, and `.TRUE.' is +interpreted as one. When converting from `INTEGER' to `LOGICAL', the +value zero is interpreted as `.FALSE.' and any nonzero value is +interpreted as `.TRUE.'. LOGICAL :: l l = 1 + INTEGER :: i i = .TRUE. - However, there is no implicit conversion of 'INTEGER' values in -'if'-statements, nor of 'LOGICAL' or 'INTEGER' values in I/O operations. + However, there is no implicit conversion of `INTEGER' values in +`if'-statements, nor of `LOGICAL' or `INTEGER' values in I/O operations. File: gfortran.info, Node: Hollerith constants support, Next: Cray pointers, Prev: Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran @@ -2719,12 +2744,12 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Hollerith constants support, Next: Cray pointers, ---------------------------------- GNU Fortran supports Hollerith constants in assignments, function -arguments, and 'DATA' and 'ASSIGN' statements. A Hollerith constant is +arguments, and `DATA' and `ASSIGN' statements. A Hollerith constant is written as a string of characters preceded by an integer constant -indicating the character count, and the letter 'H' or 'h', and stored in -bytewise fashion in a numeric ('INTEGER', 'REAL', or 'complex') or -'LOGICAL' variable. The constant will be padded or truncated to fit the -size of the variable in which it is stored. +indicating the character count, and the letter `H' or `h', and stored +in bytewise fashion in a numeric (`INTEGER', `REAL', or `complex') or +`LOGICAL' variable. The constant will be padded or truncated to fit +the size of the variable in which it is stored. Examples of valid uses of Hollerith constants: complex*16 x(2) @@ -2739,12 +2764,12 @@ size of the variable in which it is stored. In general, Hollerith constants were used to provide a rudimentary facility for handling character strings in early Fortran compilers, -prior to the introduction of 'CHARACTER' variables in Fortran 77; in -those cases, the standard-compliant equivalent is to convert the program -to use proper character strings. On occasion, there may be a case where -the intent is specifically to initialize a numeric variable with a given -byte sequence. In these cases, the same result can be obtained by using -the 'TRANSFER' statement, as in this example. +prior to the introduction of `CHARACTER' variables in Fortran 77; in +those cases, the standard-compliant equivalent is to convert the +program to use proper character strings. On occasion, there may be a +case where the intent is specifically to initialize a numeric variable +with a given byte sequence. In these cases, the same result can be +obtained by using the `TRANSFER' statement, as in this example. INTEGER(KIND=4) :: a a = TRANSFER ("abcd", a) ! equivalent to: a = 4Habcd @@ -2764,17 +2789,17 @@ variables: an integer "pointer" that holds a memory address, and a or, pointer ( <pointer1> , <pointee1> ), ( <pointer2> , <pointee2> ), ... The pointer is an integer that is intended to hold a memory address. -The pointee may be an array or scalar. A pointee can be an assumed size -array--that is, the last dimension may be left unspecified by using a -'*' in place of a value--but a pointee cannot be an assumed shape array. -No space is allocated for the pointee. +The pointee may be an array or scalar. A pointee can be an assumed +size array--that is, the last dimension may be left unspecified by +using a `*' in place of a value--but a pointee cannot be an assumed +shape array. No space is allocated for the pointee. The pointee may have its type declared before or after the pointer statement, and its array specification (if any) may be declared before, during, or after the pointer statement. The pointer may be declared as an integer prior to the pointer statement. However, some machines have -default integer sizes that are different than the size of a pointer, and -so the following code is not portable: +default integer sizes that are different than the size of a pointer, +and so the following code is not portable: integer ipt pointer (ipt, iarr) If a pointer is declared with a kind that is too small, the compiler @@ -2785,30 +2810,31 @@ explicit declaration of ipt's type is omitted, then the compiler will ensure that ipt is an integer variable large enough to hold a pointer. Pointer arithmetic is valid with Cray pointers, but it is not the -same as C pointer arithmetic. Cray pointers are just ordinary integers, -so the user is responsible for determining how many bytes to add to a -pointer in order to increment it. Consider the following example: +same as C pointer arithmetic. Cray pointers are just ordinary +integers, so the user is responsible for determining how many bytes to +add to a pointer in order to increment it. Consider the following +example: real target(10) real pointee(10) pointer (ipt, pointee) ipt = loc (target) ipt = ipt + 1 - The last statement does not set 'ipt' to the address of 'target(1)', -as it would in C pointer arithmetic. Adding '1' to 'ipt' just adds one -byte to the address stored in 'ipt'. + The last statement does not set `ipt' to the address of `target(1)', +as it would in C pointer arithmetic. Adding `1' to `ipt' just adds one +byte to the address stored in `ipt'. Any expression involving the pointee will be translated to use the value stored in the pointer as the base address. To get the address of elements, this extension provides an intrinsic -function 'LOC()'. The 'LOC()' function is equivalent to the '&' +function `LOC()'. The `LOC()' function is equivalent to the `&' operator in C, except the address is cast to an integer type: real ar(10) pointer(ipt, arpte(10)) real arpte ipt = loc(ar) ! Makes arpte is an alias for ar arpte(1) = 1.0 ! Sets ar(1) to 1.0 - The pointer can also be set by a call to the 'MALLOC' intrinsic (see + The pointer can also be set by a call to the `MALLOC' intrinsic (see *note MALLOC::). Cray pointees often are used to alias an existing variable. For @@ -2817,30 +2843,30 @@ example: integer iarr(10) pointer (ipt, iarr) ipt = loc(target) - As long as 'ipt' remains unchanged, 'iarr' is now an alias for -'target'. The optimizer, however, will not detect this aliasing, so it -is unsafe to use 'iarr' and 'target' simultaneously. Using a pointee in -any way that violates the Fortran aliasing rules or assumptions is + As long as `ipt' remains unchanged, `iarr' is now an alias for +`target'. The optimizer, however, will not detect this aliasing, so it +is unsafe to use `iarr' and `target' simultaneously. Using a pointee +in any way that violates the Fortran aliasing rules or assumptions is illegal. It is the user's responsibility to avoid doing this; the compiler works under the assumption that no such aliasing occurs. Cray pointers will work correctly when there is no aliasing (i.e., when they are used to access a dynamically allocated block of memory), and also in any routine where a pointee is used, but any variable with -which it shares storage is not used. Code that violates these rules may -not run as the user intends. This is not a bug in the optimizer; any -code that violates the aliasing rules is illegal. (Note that this is -not unique to GNU Fortran; any Fortran compiler that supports Cray +which it shares storage is not used. Code that violates these rules +may not run as the user intends. This is not a bug in the optimizer; +any code that violates the aliasing rules is illegal. (Note that this +is not unique to GNU Fortran; any Fortran compiler that supports Cray pointers will "incorrectly" optimize code with illegal aliasing.) There are a number of restrictions on the attributes that can be applied to Cray pointers and pointees. Pointees may not have the -'ALLOCATABLE', 'INTENT', 'OPTIONAL', 'DUMMY', 'TARGET', 'INTRINSIC', or -'POINTER' attributes. Pointers may not have the 'DIMENSION', 'POINTER', -'TARGET', 'ALLOCATABLE', 'EXTERNAL', or 'INTRINSIC' attributes, nor may -they be function results. Pointees may not occur in more than one -pointer statement. A pointee cannot be a pointer. Pointees cannot -occur in equivalence, common, or data statements. +`ALLOCATABLE', `INTENT', `OPTIONAL', `DUMMY', `TARGET', `INTRINSIC', or +`POINTER' attributes. Pointers may not have the `DIMENSION', +`POINTER', `TARGET', `ALLOCATABLE', `EXTERNAL', or `INTRINSIC' +attributes, nor may they be function results. Pointees may not occur +in more than one pointer statement. A pointee cannot be a pointer. +Pointees cannot occur in equivalence, common, or data statements. A Cray pointer may also point to a function or a subroutine. For example, the following excerpt is valid: @@ -2857,29 +2883,32 @@ example, the following excerpt is valid: A pointer may be modified during the course of a program, and this will change the location to which the pointee refers. However, when -pointees are passed as arguments, they are treated as ordinary variables -in the invoked function. Subsequent changes to the pointer will not -change the base address of the array that was passed. +pointees are passed as arguments, they are treated as ordinary +variables in the invoked function. Subsequent changes to the pointer +will not change the base address of the array that was passed. File: gfortran.info, Node: CONVERT specifier, Next: OpenMP, Prev: Cray pointers, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran -6.1.15 'CONVERT' specifier +6.1.15 `CONVERT' specifier -------------------------- GNU Fortran allows the conversion of unformatted data between little- and big-endian representation to facilitate moving of data between -different systems. The conversion can be indicated with the 'CONVERT' -specifier on the 'OPEN' statement. *Note GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT::, for +different systems. The conversion can be indicated with the `CONVERT' +specifier on the `OPEN' statement. *Note GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT::, for an alternative way of specifying the data format via an environment variable. - Valid values for 'CONVERT' are: - 'CONVERT='NATIVE'' Use the native format. This is the default. - 'CONVERT='SWAP'' Swap between little- and big-endian. - 'CONVERT='LITTLE_ENDIAN'' Use the little-endian representation for + Valid values for `CONVERT' are: + `CONVERT='NATIVE'' Use the native format. This is the default. + + `CONVERT='SWAP'' Swap between little- and big-endian. + + `CONVERT='LITTLE_ENDIAN'' Use the little-endian representation for unformatted files. - 'CONVERT='BIG_ENDIAN'' Use the big-endian representation for + + `CONVERT='BIG_ENDIAN'' Use the big-endian representation for unformatted files. Using the option could look like this: @@ -2887,14 +2916,14 @@ variable. convert='big_endian') The value of the conversion can be queried by using -'INQUIRE(CONVERT=ch)'. The values returned are ''BIG_ENDIAN'' and -''LITTLE_ENDIAN''. +`INQUIRE(CONVERT=ch)'. The values returned are `'BIG_ENDIAN'' and +`'LITTLE_ENDIAN''. - 'CONVERT' works between big- and little-endian for 'INTEGER' values -of all supported kinds and for 'REAL' on IEEE systems of kinds 4 and 8. + `CONVERT' works between big- and little-endian for `INTEGER' values +of all supported kinds and for `REAL' on IEEE systems of kinds 4 and 8. Conversion between different "extended double" types on different architectures such as m68k and x86_64, which GNU Fortran supports as -'REAL(KIND=10)' and 'REAL(KIND=16)', will probably not work. +`REAL(KIND=10)' and `REAL(KIND=16)', will probably not work. _Note that the values specified via the GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT environment variable will override the CONVERT specifier in the open @@ -2921,17 +2950,17 @@ run-time behavior. GNU Fortran strives to be compatible to the OpenMP Application Program Interface v4.0 (http://openmp.org/wp/openmp-specifications/). - To enable the processing of the OpenMP directive '!$omp' in free-form -source code; the 'c$omp', '*$omp' and '!$omp' directives in fixed form; -the '!$' conditional compilation sentinels in free form; and the 'c$', -'*$' and '!$' sentinels in fixed form, 'gfortran' needs to be invoked -with the '-fopenmp'. This also arranges for automatic linking of the -GNU Offloading and Multi Processing Runtime Library *note libgomp: -(libgomp)Top. + To enable the processing of the OpenMP directive `!$omp' in +free-form source code; the `c$omp', `*$omp' and `!$omp' directives in +fixed form; the `!$' conditional compilation sentinels in free form; +and the `c$', `*$' and `!$' sentinels in fixed form, `gfortran' needs +to be invoked with the `-fopenmp'. This also arranges for automatic +linking of the GNU Offloading and Multi Processing Runtime Library +*note libgomp: (libgomp)Top. The OpenMP Fortran runtime library routines are provided both in a -form of a Fortran 90 module named 'omp_lib' and in a form of a Fortran -'include' file named 'omp_lib.h'. +form of a Fortran 90 module named `omp_lib' and in a form of a Fortran +`include' file named `omp_lib.h'. An example of a parallelized loop taken from Appendix A.1 of the OpenMP Application Program Interface v2.5: @@ -2946,17 +2975,17 @@ OpenMP Application Program Interface v2.5: END SUBROUTINE A1 Please note: - * '-fopenmp' implies '-frecursive', i.e., all local arrays will be - allocated on the stack. When porting existing code to OpenMP, this - may lead to surprising results, especially to segmentation faults - if the stacksize is limited. + * `-fopenmp' implies `-frecursive', i.e., all local arrays will be + allocated on the stack. When porting existing code to OpenMP, + this may lead to surprising results, especially to segmentation + faults if the stacksize is limited. * On glibc-based systems, OpenMP enabled applications cannot be statically linked due to limitations of the underlying pthreads-implementation. It might be possible to get a working - solution if '-Wl,--whole-archive -lpthread -Wl,--no-whole-archive' + solution if `-Wl,--whole-archive -lpthread -Wl,--no-whole-archive' is added to the command line. However, this is not supported by - 'gcc' and thus not recommended. + `gcc' and thus not recommended. File: gfortran.info, Node: OpenACC, Next: Argument list functions, Prev: OpenMP, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran @@ -2972,43 +3001,43 @@ influence run-time behavior. GNU Fortran strives to be compatible to the OpenACC Application Programming Interface v2.0 (http://www.openacc.org/). - To enable the processing of the OpenACC directive '!$acc' in -free-form source code; the 'c$acc', '*$acc' and '!$acc' directives in -fixed form; the '!$' conditional compilation sentinels in free form; and -the 'c$', '*$' and '!$' sentinels in fixed form, 'gfortran' needs to be -invoked with the '-fopenacc'. This also arranges for automatic linking -of the GNU Offloading and Multi Processing Runtime Library *note -libgomp: (libgomp)Top. + To enable the processing of the OpenACC directive `!$acc' in +free-form source code; the `c$acc', `*$acc' and `!$acc' directives in +fixed form; the `!$' conditional compilation sentinels in free form; +and the `c$', `*$' and `!$' sentinels in fixed form, `gfortran' needs +to be invoked with the `-fopenacc'. This also arranges for automatic +linking of the GNU Offloading and Multi Processing Runtime Library +*note libgomp: (libgomp)Top. The OpenACC Fortran runtime library routines are provided both in a -form of a Fortran 90 module named 'openacc' and in a form of a Fortran -'include' file named 'openacc_lib.h'. +form of a Fortran 90 module named `openacc' and in a form of a Fortran +`include' file named `openacc_lib.h'. Note that this is an experimental feature, incomplete, and subject to -change in future versions of GCC. See <https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/OpenACC> -for more information. +change in future versions of GCC. See +`https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/OpenACC' for more information. File: gfortran.info, Node: Argument list functions, Next: Read/Write after EOF marker, Prev: OpenACC, Up: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran -6.1.18 Argument list functions '%VAL', '%REF' and '%LOC' +6.1.18 Argument list functions `%VAL', `%REF' and `%LOC' -------------------------------------------------------- -GNU Fortran supports argument list functions '%VAL', '%REF' and '%LOC' -statements, for backward compatibility with g77. It is recommended that -these should be used only for code that is accessing facilities outside -of GNU Fortran, such as operating system or windowing facilities. It is -best to constrain such uses to isolated portions of a program-portions -that deal specifically and exclusively with low-level, system-dependent -facilities. Such portions might well provide a portable interface for -use by the program as a whole, but are themselves not portable, and -should be thoroughly tested each time they are rebuilt using a new -compiler or version of a compiler. - - '%VAL' passes a scalar argument by value, '%REF' passes it by -reference and '%LOC' passes its memory location. Since gfortran already -passes scalar arguments by reference, '%REF' is in effect a do-nothing. -'%LOC' has the same effect as a Fortran pointer. +GNU Fortran supports argument list functions `%VAL', `%REF' and `%LOC' +statements, for backward compatibility with g77. It is recommended +that these should be used only for code that is accessing facilities +outside of GNU Fortran, such as operating system or windowing +facilities. It is best to constrain such uses to isolated portions of +a program-portions that deal specifically and exclusively with +low-level, system-dependent facilities. Such portions might well +provide a portable interface for use by the program as a whole, but are +themselves not portable, and should be thoroughly tested each time they +are rebuilt using a new compiler or version of a compiler. + + `%VAL' passes a scalar argument by value, `%REF' passes it by +reference and `%LOC' passes its memory location. Since gfortran +already passes scalar arguments by reference, `%REF' is in effect a +do-nothing. `%LOC' has the same effect as a Fortran pointer. An example of passing an argument by value to a C subroutine foo.: C @@ -3021,9 +3050,9 @@ passes scalar arguments by reference, '%REF' is in effect a do-nothing. end For details refer to the g77 manual -<https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.4.6/g77/index.html#Top>. +`https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.4.6/g77/index.html#Top'. - Also, 'c_by_val.f' and its partner 'c_by_val.c' of the GNU Fortran + Also, `c_by_val.f' and its partner `c_by_val.c' of the GNU Fortran testsuite are worth a look. @@ -3032,12 +3061,12 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Read/Write after EOF marker, Prev: Argument list fu 6.1.19 Read/Write after EOF marker ---------------------------------- -Some legacy codes rely on allowing 'READ' or 'WRITE' after the EOF file -marker in order to find the end of a file. GNU Fortran normally rejects -these codes with a run-time error message and suggests the user consider -'BACKSPACE' or 'REWIND' to properly position the file before the EOF -marker. As an extension, the run-time error may be disabled using --std=legacy. +Some legacy codes rely on allowing `READ' or `WRITE' after the EOF file +marker in order to find the end of a file. GNU Fortran normally rejects +these codes with a run-time error message and suggests the user +consider `BACKSPACE' or `REWIND' to properly position the file before +the EOF marker. As an extension, the run-time error may be disabled +using -std=legacy. File: gfortran.info, Node: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran, Prev: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran, Up: Extensions @@ -3051,8 +3080,8 @@ some features crucial to users in the first standards have lead to the existence of a number of important extensions to the language. While some of the most useful or popular extensions are supported by the GNU Fortran compiler, not all existing extensions are supported. This -section aims at listing these extensions and offering advice on how best -make code that uses them running with the GNU Fortran compiler. +section aims at listing these extensions and offering advice on how +best make code that uses them running with the GNU Fortran compiler. * Menu: @@ -3065,7 +3094,7 @@ make code that uses them running with the GNU Fortran compiler. File: gfortran.info, Node: STRUCTURE and RECORD, Next: ENCODE and DECODE statements, Up: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran -6.2.1 'STRUCTURE' and 'RECORD' +6.2.1 `STRUCTURE' and `RECORD' ------------------------------ Record structures are a pre-Fortran-90 vendor extension to create @@ -3074,10 +3103,10 @@ structures, only Fortran 90's "derived types", which have a different syntax. In many cases, record structures can easily be converted to derived -types. To convert, replace 'STRUCTURE /'STRUCTURE-NAME'/' by 'TYPE' -TYPE-NAME. Additionally, replace 'RECORD /'STRUCTURE-NAME'/' by -'TYPE('TYPE-NAME')'. Finally, in the component access, replace the -period ('.') by the percent sign ('%'). +types. To convert, replace `STRUCTURE /'STRUCTURE-NAME`/' by `TYPE' +TYPE-NAME. Additionally, replace `RECORD /'STRUCTURE-NAME`/' by +`TYPE('TYPE-NAME`)'. Finally, in the component access, replace the +period (`.') by the percent sign (`%'). Here is an example of code using the non portable record structure syntax: @@ -3135,12 +3164,12 @@ This code can easily be rewritten in the Fortran 90 syntax as following: File: gfortran.info, Node: ENCODE and DECODE statements, Next: Variable FORMAT expressions, Prev: STRUCTURE and RECORD, Up: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran -6.2.2 'ENCODE' and 'DECODE' statements +6.2.2 `ENCODE' and `DECODE' statements -------------------------------------- -GNU Fortran does not support the 'ENCODE' and 'DECODE' statements. -These statements are best replaced by 'READ' and 'WRITE' statements -involving internal files ('CHARACTER' variables and arrays), which have +GNU Fortran does not support the `ENCODE' and `DECODE' statements. +These statements are best replaced by `READ' and `WRITE' statements +involving internal files (`CHARACTER' variables and arrays), which have been part of the Fortran standard since Fortran 77. For example, replace a code fragment like @@ -3177,15 +3206,15 @@ with the following: File: gfortran.info, Node: Variable FORMAT expressions, Next: Alternate complex function syntax, Prev: ENCODE and DECODE statements, Up: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran -6.2.3 Variable 'FORMAT' expressions +6.2.3 Variable `FORMAT' expressions ----------------------------------- -A variable 'FORMAT' expression is format statement which includes angle -brackets enclosing a Fortran expression: 'FORMAT(I<N>)'. GNU Fortran +A variable `FORMAT' expression is format statement which includes angle +brackets enclosing a Fortran expression: `FORMAT(I<N>)'. GNU Fortran does not support this legacy extension. The effect of variable format expressions can be reproduced by using the more powerful (and standard) -combination of internal output and string formats. For example, replace -a code fragment like this: +combination of internal output and string formats. For example, +replace a code fragment like this: WRITE(6,20) INT1 20 FORMAT(I<N+1>) @@ -3216,22 +3245,22 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Alternate complex function syntax, Next: Volatile C 6.2.4 Alternate complex function syntax --------------------------------------- -Some Fortran compilers, including 'g77', let the user declare complex -functions with the syntax 'COMPLEX FUNCTION name*16()', as well as -'COMPLEX*16 FUNCTION name()'. Both are non-standard, legacy extensions. -'gfortran' accepts the latter form, which is more common, but not the -former. +Some Fortran compilers, including `g77', let the user declare complex +functions with the syntax `COMPLEX FUNCTION name*16()', as well as +`COMPLEX*16 FUNCTION name()'. Both are non-standard, legacy +extensions. `gfortran' accepts the latter form, which is more common, +but not the former. File: gfortran.info, Node: Volatile COMMON blocks, Prev: Alternate complex function syntax, Up: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran -6.2.5 Volatile 'COMMON' blocks +6.2.5 Volatile `COMMON' blocks ------------------------------ -Some Fortran compilers, including 'g77', let the user declare 'COMMON' -with the 'VOLATILE' attribute. This is invalid standard Fortran syntax -and is not supported by 'gfortran'. Note that 'gfortran' accepts -'VOLATILE' variables in 'COMMON' blocks since revision 4.3. +Some Fortran compilers, including `g77', let the user declare `COMMON' +with the `VOLATILE' attribute. This is invalid standard Fortran syntax +and is not supported by `gfortran'. Note that `gfortran' accepts +`VOLATILE' variables in `COMMON' blocks since revision 4.3. File: gfortran.info, Node: Mixed-Language Programming, Next: Coarray Programming, Prev: Extensions, Up: Top @@ -3246,10 +3275,10 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Mixed-Language Programming, Next: Coarray Programmi * Non-Fortran Main Program:: * Naming and argument-passing conventions:: -This chapter is about mixed-language interoperability, but also applies -if one links Fortran code compiled by different compilers. In most -cases, use of the C Binding features of the Fortran 2003 standard is -sufficient, and their use is highly recommended. + This chapter is about mixed-language interoperability, but also +applies if one links Fortran code compiled by different compilers. In +most cases, use of the C Binding features of the Fortran 2003 standard +is sufficient, and their use is highly recommended. File: gfortran.info, Node: Interoperability with C, Next: GNU Fortran Compiler Directives, Up: Mixed-Language Programming @@ -3266,21 +3295,21 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Interoperability with C, Next: GNU Fortran Compiler * Working with Pointers:: * Further Interoperability of Fortran with C:: -Since Fortran 2003 (ISO/IEC 1539-1:2004(E)) there is a standardized way -to generate procedure and derived-type declarations and global variables -which are interoperable with C (ISO/IEC 9899:1999). The 'bind(C)' -attribute has been added to inform the compiler that a symbol shall be -interoperable with C; also, some constraints are added. Note, however, -that not all C features have a Fortran equivalent or vice versa. For -instance, neither C's unsigned integers nor C's functions with variable -number of arguments have an equivalent in Fortran. + Since Fortran 2003 (ISO/IEC 1539-1:2004(E)) there is a standardized +way to generate procedure and derived-type declarations and global +variables which are interoperable with C (ISO/IEC 9899:1999). The +`bind(C)' attribute has been added to inform the compiler that a symbol +shall be interoperable with C; also, some constraints are added. Note, +however, that not all C features have a Fortran equivalent or vice +versa. For instance, neither C's unsigned integers nor C's functions +with variable number of arguments have an equivalent in Fortran. - Note that array dimensions are reversely ordered in C and that arrays -in C always start with index 0 while in Fortran they start by default -with 1. Thus, an array declaration 'A(n,m)' in Fortran matches -'A[m][n]' in C and accessing the element 'A(i,j)' matches 'A[j-1][i-1]'. -The element following 'A(i,j)' (C: 'A[j-1][i-1]'; assuming i < n) in -memory is 'A(i+1,j)' (C: 'A[j-1][i]'). + Note that array dimensions are reversely ordered in C and that +arrays in C always start with index 0 while in Fortran they start by +default with 1. Thus, an array declaration `A(n,m)' in Fortran matches +`A[m][n]' in C and accessing the element `A(i,j)' matches +`A[j-1][i-1]'. The element following `A(i,j)' (C: `A[j-1][i-1]'; +assuming i < n) in memory is `A(i+1,j)' (C: `A[j-1][i]'). File: gfortran.info, Node: Intrinsic Types, Next: Derived Types and struct, Up: Interoperability with C @@ -3289,19 +3318,20 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Intrinsic Types, Next: Derived Types and struct, U --------------------- In order to ensure that exactly the same variable type and kind is used -in C and Fortran, the named constants shall be used which are defined in -the 'ISO_C_BINDING' intrinsic module. That module contains named +in C and Fortran, the named constants shall be used which are defined +in the `ISO_C_BINDING' intrinsic module. That module contains named constants for kind parameters and character named constants for the -escape sequences in C. For a list of the constants, see *note +escape sequences in C. For a list of the constants, see *note ISO_C_BINDING::. For logical types, please note that the Fortran standard only -guarantees interoperability between C99's '_Bool' and Fortran's -'C_Bool'-kind logicals and C99 defines that 'true' has the value 1 and -'false' the value 0. Using any other integer value with GNU Fortran's -'LOGICAL' (with any kind parameter) gives an undefined result. (Passing -other integer values than 0 and 1 to GCC's '_Bool' is also undefined, -unless the integer is explicitly or implicitly casted to '_Bool'.) +guarantees interoperability between C99's `_Bool' and Fortran's +`C_Bool'-kind logicals and C99 defines that `true' has the value 1 and +`false' the value 0. Using any other integer value with GNU Fortran's +`LOGICAL' (with any kind parameter) gives an undefined result. +(Passing other integer values than 0 and 1 to GCC's `_Bool' is also +undefined, unless the integer is explicitly or implicitly casted to +`_Bool'.) File: gfortran.info, Node: Derived Types and struct, Next: Interoperable Global Variables, Prev: Intrinsic Types, Up: Interoperability with C @@ -3309,8 +3339,8 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Derived Types and struct, Next: Interoperable Globa 7.1.2 Derived Types and struct ------------------------------ -For compatibility of derived types with 'struct', one needs to use the -'BIND(C)' attribute in the type declaration. For instance, the +For compatibility of derived types with `struct', one needs to use the +`BIND(C)' attribute in the type declaration. For instance, the following type declaration USE ISO_C_BINDING @@ -3322,7 +3352,7 @@ following type declaration CHARACTER(KIND=C_CHAR) :: str(5) END TYPE - matches the following 'struct' declaration in C + matches the following `struct' declaration in C struct { int i1, i2; @@ -3334,10 +3364,10 @@ following type declaration } myType; Derived types with the C binding attribute shall not have the -'sequence' attribute, type parameters, the 'extends' attribute, nor +`sequence' attribute, type parameters, the `extends' attribute, nor type-bound procedures. Every component must be of interoperable type -and kind and may not have the 'pointer' or 'allocatable' attribute. The -names of the components are irrelevant for interoperability. +and kind and may not have the `pointer' or `allocatable' attribute. +The names of the components are irrelevant for interoperability. As there exist no direct Fortran equivalents, neither unions nor structs with bit field or variable-length array members are @@ -3351,9 +3381,9 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Interoperable Global Variables, Next: Interoperable Variables can be made accessible from C using the C binding attribute, optionally together with specifying a binding name. Those variables -have to be declared in the declaration part of a 'MODULE', be of -interoperable type, and have neither the 'pointer' nor the 'allocatable' -attribute. +have to be declared in the declaration part of a `MODULE', be of +interoperable type, and have neither the `pointer' nor the +`allocatable' attribute. MODULE m USE myType_module @@ -3362,14 +3392,14 @@ attribute. type(myType), bind(C) :: tp END MODULE - Here, '_MyProject_flags' is the case-sensitive name of the variable -as seen from C programs while 'global_flag' is the case-insensitive name -as seen from Fortran. If no binding name is specified, as for TP, the C -binding name is the (lowercase) Fortran binding name. If a binding name -is specified, only a single variable may be after the double colon. -Note of warning: You cannot use a global variable to access ERRNO of the -C library as the C standard allows it to be a macro. Use the 'IERRNO' -intrinsic (GNU extension) instead. + Here, `_MyProject_flags' is the case-sensitive name of the variable +as seen from C programs while `global_flag' is the case-insensitive +name as seen from Fortran. If no binding name is specified, as for TP, +the C binding name is the (lowercase) Fortran binding name. If a +binding name is specified, only a single variable may be after the +double colon. Note of warning: You cannot use a global variable to +access ERRNO of the C library as the C standard allows it to be a +macro. Use the `IERRNO' intrinsic (GNU extension) instead. File: gfortran.info, Node: Interoperable Subroutines and Functions, Next: Working with Pointers, Prev: Interoperable Global Variables, Up: Interoperability with C @@ -3377,21 +3407,21 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Interoperable Subroutines and Functions, Next: Work 7.1.4 Interoperable Subroutines and Functions --------------------------------------------- -Subroutines and functions have to have the 'BIND(C)' attribute to be -compatible with C. The dummy argument declaration is relatively +Subroutines and functions have to have the `BIND(C)' attribute to be +compatible with C. The dummy argument declaration is relatively straightforward. However, one needs to be careful because C uses call-by-value by default while Fortran behaves usually similar to call-by-reference. Furthermore, strings and pointers are handled differently. Note that in Fortran 2003 and 2008 only explicit size and assumed-size arrays are supported but not assumed-shape or -deferred-shape (i.e. allocatable or pointer) arrays. However, those +deferred-shape (i.e. allocatable or pointer) arrays. However, those are allowed since the Technical Specification 29113, see *note Further Interoperability of Fortran with C:: - To pass a variable by value, use the 'VALUE' attribute. Thus, the + To pass a variable by value, use the `VALUE' attribute. Thus, the following C prototype - int func(int i, int *j) + `int func(int i, int *j)' matches the Fortran declaration @@ -3400,13 +3430,13 @@ following C prototype integer(c_int), VALUE :: i integer(c_int) :: j - Note that pointer arguments also frequently need the 'VALUE' + Note that pointer arguments also frequently need the `VALUE' attribute, see *note Working with Pointers::. Strings are handled quite differently in C and Fortran. In C a -string is a 'NUL'-terminated array of characters while in Fortran each +string is a `NUL'-terminated array of characters while in Fortran each string has a length associated with it and is thus not terminated (by -e.g. 'NUL'). For example, if one wants to use the following C +e.g. `NUL'). For example, if one wants to use the following C function, #include <stdio.h> @@ -3426,20 +3456,20 @@ function, end interface call print_c(C_CHAR_"Hello World"//C_NULL_CHAR) - As the example shows, one needs to ensure that the string is 'NUL' -terminated. Additionally, the dummy argument STRING of 'print_C' is a -length-one assumed-size array; using 'character(len=*)' is not allowed. -The example above uses 'c_char_"Hello World"' to ensure the string + As the example shows, one needs to ensure that the string is `NUL' +terminated. Additionally, the dummy argument STRING of `print_C' is a +length-one assumed-size array; using `character(len=*)' is not allowed. +The example above uses `c_char_"Hello World"' to ensure the string literal has the right type; typically the default character kind and -'c_char' are the same and thus '"Hello World"' is equivalent. However, +`c_char' are the same and thus `"Hello World"' is equivalent. However, the standard does not guarantee this. The use of strings is now further illustrated using the C library -function 'strncpy', whose prototype is +function `strncpy', whose prototype is char *strncpy(char *restrict s1, const char *restrict s2, size_t n); - The function 'strncpy' copies at most N characters from string S2 to + The function `strncpy' copies at most N characters from string S2 to S1 and returns S1. In the following example, we ignore the return value: @@ -3472,10 +3502,10 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Working with Pointers, Next: Further Interoperabili --------------------------- C pointers are represented in Fortran via the special opaque derived -type 'type(c_ptr)' (with private components). Thus one needs to use +type `type(c_ptr)' (with private components). Thus one needs to use intrinsic conversion procedures to convert from or to C pointers. - For some applications, using an assumed type ('TYPE(*)') can be an + For some applications, using an assumed type (`TYPE(*)') can be an alternative to a C pointer; see *note Further Interoperability of Fortran with C::. @@ -3492,21 +3522,22 @@ Fortran with C::. call c_f_pointer(cptr2, ps) call c_f_pointer(cptr2, pa, shape=[7]) - When converting C to Fortran arrays, the one-dimensional 'SHAPE' + When converting C to Fortran arrays, the one-dimensional `SHAPE' argument has to be passed. If a pointer is a dummy-argument of an interoperable procedure, it -usually has to be declared using the 'VALUE' attribute. 'void*' matches -'TYPE(C_PTR), VALUE', while 'TYPE(C_PTR)' alone matches 'void**'. +usually has to be declared using the `VALUE' attribute. `void*' +matches `TYPE(C_PTR), VALUE', while `TYPE(C_PTR)' alone matches +`void**'. Procedure pointers are handled analogously to pointers; the C type is -'TYPE(C_FUNPTR)' and the intrinsic conversion procedures are -'C_F_PROCPOINTER' and 'C_FUNLOC'. +`TYPE(C_FUNPTR)' and the intrinsic conversion procedures are +`C_F_PROCPOINTER' and `C_FUNLOC'. Let us consider two examples of actually passing a procedure pointer from C to Fortran and vice versa. Note that these examples are also -very similar to passing ordinary pointers between both languages. -First, consider this code in C: +very similar to passing ordinary pointers between both languages. First, +consider this code in C: /* Procedure implemented in Fortran. */ void get_values (void (*)(double)); @@ -3525,9 +3556,9 @@ First, consider this code in C: get_values (&print_it); } - A matching implementation for 'get_values' in Fortran, that correctly + A matching implementation for `get_values' in Fortran, that correctly receives the procedure pointer from C and is able to call it, is given -in the following 'MODULE': +in the following `MODULE': MODULE m IMPLICIT NONE @@ -3618,66 +3649,66 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Further Interoperability of Fortran with C, Prev: W The Technical Specification ISO/IEC TS 29113:2012 on further interoperability of Fortran with C extends the interoperability support -of Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008. Besides removing some restrictions -and constraints, it adds assumed-type ('TYPE(*)') and assumed-rank -('dimension') variables and allows for interoperability of +of Fortran 2003 and Fortran 2008. Besides removing some restrictions +and constraints, it adds assumed-type (`TYPE(*)') and assumed-rank +(`dimension') variables and allows for interoperability of assumed-shape, assumed-rank and deferred-shape arrays, including allocatables and pointers. Note: Currently, GNU Fortran does not support the array descriptor (dope vector) as specified in the Technical Specification, but uses an -array descriptor with different fields. The Chasm Language -Interoperability Tools, <http://chasm-interop.sourceforge.net/>, provide -an interface to GNU Fortran's array descriptor. +array descriptor with different fields. The Chasm Language +Interoperability Tools, `http://chasm-interop.sourceforge.net/', +provide an interface to GNU Fortran's array descriptor. The Technical Specification adds the following new features, which are supported by GNU Fortran: - * The 'ASYNCHRONOUS' attribute has been clarified and extended to + * The `ASYNCHRONOUS' attribute has been clarified and extended to allow its use with asynchronous communication in user-provided libraries such as in implementations of the Message Passing Interface specification. - * Many constraints have been relaxed, in particular for the 'C_LOC' - and 'C_F_POINTER' intrinsics. + * Many constraints have been relaxed, in particular for the `C_LOC' + and `C_F_POINTER' intrinsics. - * The 'OPTIONAL' attribute is now allowed for dummy arguments; an - absent argument matches a 'NULL' pointer. + * The `OPTIONAL' attribute is now allowed for dummy arguments; an + absent argument matches a `NULL' pointer. - * Assumed types ('TYPE(*)') have been added, which may only be used + * Assumed types (`TYPE(*)') have been added, which may only be used for dummy arguments. They are unlimited polymorphic but contrary - to 'CLASS(*)' they do not contain any type information, similar to - C's 'void *' pointers. Expressions of any type and kind can be - passed; thus, it can be used as replacement for 'TYPE(C_PTR)', - avoiding the use of 'C_LOC' in the caller. - - Note, however, that 'TYPE(*)' only accepts scalar arguments, unless - the 'DIMENSION' is explicitly specified. As 'DIMENSION(*)' only - supports array (including array elements) but no scalars, it is not - a full replacement for 'C_LOC'. On the other hand, assumed-type - assumed-rank dummy arguments ('TYPE(*), DIMENSION(..)') allow for - both scalars and arrays, but require special code on the callee - side to handle the array descriptor. - - * Assumed-rank arrays ('DIMENSION(..)') as dummy argument allow that + to `CLASS(*)' they do not contain any type information, similar to + C's `void *' pointers. Expressions of any type and kind can be + passed; thus, it can be used as replacement for `TYPE(C_PTR)', + avoiding the use of `C_LOC' in the caller. + + Note, however, that `TYPE(*)' only accepts scalar arguments, + unless the `DIMENSION' is explicitly specified. As `DIMENSION(*)' + only supports array (including array elements) but no scalars, it + is not a full replacement for `C_LOC'. On the other hand, + assumed-type assumed-rank dummy arguments (`TYPE(*), + DIMENSION(..)') allow for both scalars and arrays, but require + special code on the callee side to handle the array descriptor. + + * Assumed-rank arrays (`DIMENSION(..)') as dummy argument allow that scalars and arrays of any rank can be passed as actual argument. - As the Technical Specification does not provide for direct means to - operate with them, they have to be used either from the C side or - be converted using 'C_LOC' and 'C_F_POINTER' to scalars or arrays - of a specific rank. The rank can be determined using the 'RANK' - intrinisic. + As the Technical Specification does not provide for direct means + to operate with them, they have to be used either from the C side + or be converted using `C_LOC' and `C_F_POINTER' to scalars or + arrays of a specific rank. The rank can be determined using the + `RANK' intrinisic. Currently unimplemented: * GNU Fortran always uses an array descriptor, which does not match - the one of the Technical Specification. The - 'ISO_Fortran_binding.h' header file and the C functions it + the one of the Technical Specification. The + `ISO_Fortran_binding.h' header file and the C functions it specifies are not available. * Using assumed-shape, assumed-rank and deferred-shape arrays in - 'BIND(C)' procedures is not fully supported. In particular, C - interoperable strings of other length than one are not supported as - this requires the new array descriptor. + `BIND(C)' procedures is not fully supported. In particular, C + interoperable strings of other length than one are not supported + as this requires the new array descriptor. File: gfortran.info, Node: GNU Fortran Compiler Directives, Next: Non-Fortran Main Program, Prev: Interoperability with C, Up: Mixed-Language Programming @@ -3691,15 +3722,17 @@ allow the user to choose specific implementation details, compiler directives can be used to set attributes of variables and procedures which are not part of the standard. Whether a given attribute is supported and its exact effects depend on both the operating system and -on the processor; see *note C Extensions: (gcc)Top. for details. +on the processor; see *note C Extensions: (gcc)Top. for details. For procedures and procedure pointers, the following attributes can be used to change the calling convention: - * 'CDECL' - standard C calling convention - * 'STDCALL' - convention where the called procedure pops the stack - * 'FASTCALL' - part of the arguments are passed via registers instead - using the stack + * `CDECL' - standard C calling convention + + * `STDCALL' - convention where the called procedure pops the stack + + * `FASTCALL' - part of the arguments are passed via registers + instead using the stack Besides changing the calling convention, the attributes also influence the decoration of the symbol name, e.g., by a leading @@ -3708,38 +3741,39 @@ the stack. When assigning a procedure to a procedure pointer, both should use the same calling convention. On some systems, procedures and global variables (module variables -and 'COMMON' blocks) need special handling to be accessible when they +and `COMMON' blocks) need special handling to be accessible when they are in a shared library. The following attributes are available: - * 'DLLEXPORT' - provide a global pointer to a pointer in the DLL - * 'DLLIMPORT' - reference the function or variable using a global + * `DLLEXPORT' - provide a global pointer to a pointer in the DLL + + * `DLLIMPORT' - reference the function or variable using a global pointer - For dummy arguments, the 'NO_ARG_CHECK' attribute can be used; in -other compilers, it is also known as 'IGNORE_TKR'. For dummy arguments + For dummy arguments, the `NO_ARG_CHECK' attribute can be used; in +other compilers, it is also known as `IGNORE_TKR'. For dummy arguments with this attribute actual arguments of any type and kind (similar to -'TYPE(*)'), scalars and arrays of any rank (no equivalent in Fortran -standard) are accepted. As with 'TYPE(*)', the argument is unlimited +`TYPE(*)'), scalars and arrays of any rank (no equivalent in Fortran +standard) are accepted. As with `TYPE(*)', the argument is unlimited polymorphic and no type information is available. Additionally, the -argument may only be passed to dummy arguments with the 'NO_ARG_CHECK' -attribute and as argument to the 'PRESENT' intrinsic function and to -'C_LOC' of the 'ISO_C_BINDING' module. +argument may only be passed to dummy arguments with the `NO_ARG_CHECK' +attribute and as argument to the `PRESENT' intrinsic function and to +`C_LOC' of the `ISO_C_BINDING' module. - Variables with 'NO_ARG_CHECK' attribute shall be of assumed-type -('TYPE(*)'; recommended) or of type 'INTEGER', 'LOGICAL', 'REAL' or -'COMPLEX'. They shall not have the 'ALLOCATE', 'CODIMENSION', -'INTENT(OUT)', 'POINTER' or 'VALUE' attribute; furthermore, they shall -be either scalar or of assumed-size ('dimension(*)'). As 'TYPE(*)', the -'NO_ARG_CHECK' attribute requires an explicit interface. + Variables with `NO_ARG_CHECK' attribute shall be of assumed-type +(`TYPE(*)'; recommended) or of type `INTEGER', `LOGICAL', `REAL' or +`COMPLEX'. They shall not have the `ALLOCATE', `CODIMENSION', +`INTENT(OUT)', `POINTER' or `VALUE' attribute; furthermore, they shall +be either scalar or of assumed-size (`dimension(*)'). As `TYPE(*)', the +`NO_ARG_CHECK' attribute requires an explicit interface. - * 'NO_ARG_CHECK' - disable the type, kind and rank checking + * `NO_ARG_CHECK' - disable the type, kind and rank checking The attributes are specified using the syntax - '!GCC$ ATTRIBUTES' ATTRIBUTE-LIST '::' VARIABLE-LIST + `!GCC$ ATTRIBUTES' ATTRIBUTE-LIST `::' VARIABLE-LIST where in free-form source code only whitespace is allowed before -'!GCC$' and in fixed-form source code '!GCC$', 'cGCC$' or '*GCC$' shall +`!GCC$' and in fixed-form source code `!GCC$', `cGCC$' or `*GCC$' shall start in the first column. For procedures, the compiler directives shall be placed into the body @@ -3761,31 +3795,31 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Non-Fortran Main Program, Next: Naming and argument * _gfortran_set_fpe:: Set when a Floating Point Exception should be raised * _gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length:: Set subrecord length -Even if you are doing mixed-language programming, it is very likely that -you do not need to know or use the information in this section. Since -it is about the internal structure of GNU Fortran, it may also change in -GCC minor releases. - - When you compile a 'PROGRAM' with GNU Fortran, a function with the -name 'main' (in the symbol table of the object file) is generated, which -initializes the libgfortran library and then calls the actual program -which uses the name 'MAIN__', for historic reasons. If you link GNU -Fortran compiled procedures to, e.g., a C or C++ program or to a Fortran -program compiled by a different compiler, the libgfortran library is not -initialized and thus a few intrinsic procedures do not work properly, -e.g. those for obtaining the command-line arguments. - - Therefore, if your 'PROGRAM' is not compiled with GNU Fortran and the -GNU Fortran compiled procedures require intrinsics relying on the + Even if you are doing mixed-language programming, it is very likely +that you do not need to know or use the information in this section. +Since it is about the internal structure of GNU Fortran, it may also +change in GCC minor releases. + + When you compile a `PROGRAM' with GNU Fortran, a function with the +name `main' (in the symbol table of the object file) is generated, +which initializes the libgfortran library and then calls the actual +program which uses the name `MAIN__', for historic reasons. If you +link GNU Fortran compiled procedures to, e.g., a C or C++ program or to +a Fortran program compiled by a different compiler, the libgfortran +library is not initialized and thus a few intrinsic procedures do not +work properly, e.g. those for obtaining the command-line arguments. + + Therefore, if your `PROGRAM' is not compiled with GNU Fortran and +the GNU Fortran compiled procedures require intrinsics relying on the library initialization, you need to initialize the library yourself. -Using the default options, gfortran calls '_gfortran_set_args' and -'_gfortran_set_options'. The initialization of the former is needed if -the called procedures access the command line (and for backtracing); the -latter sets some flags based on the standard chosen or to enable +Using the default options, gfortran calls `_gfortran_set_args' and +`_gfortran_set_options'. The initialization of the former is needed if +the called procedures access the command line (and for backtracing); +the latter sets some flags based on the standard chosen or to enable backtracing. In typical programs, it is not necessary to call any initialization function. - If your 'PROGRAM' is compiled with GNU Fortran, you shall not call + If your `PROGRAM' is compiled with GNU Fortran, you shall not call any of the following functions. The libgfortran initialization functions are shown in C syntax but using C bindings they are also accessible from Fortran. @@ -3793,22 +3827,22 @@ accessible from Fortran. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_set_args, Next: _gfortran_set_options, Up: Non-Fortran Main Program -7.3.1 '_gfortran_set_args' -- Save command-line arguments +7.3.1 `_gfortran_set_args' -- Save command-line arguments --------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: - '_gfortran_set_args' saves the command-line arguments; this - initialization is required if any of the command-line intrinsics is - called. Additionally, it shall be called if backtracing is enabled - (see '_gfortran_set_options'). + `_gfortran_set_args' saves the command-line arguments; this + initialization is required if any of the command-line intrinsics + is called. Additionally, it shall be called if backtracing is + enabled (see `_gfortran_set_options'). _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_set_args (int argc, char *argv[])' + `void _gfortran_set_args (int argc, char *argv[])' _Arguments_: - ARGC number of command line argument strings - ARGV the command-line argument strings; argv[0] is - the pathname of the executable itself. + ARGC number of command line argument strings + ARGV the command-line argument strings; argv[0] is + the pathname of the executable itself. _Example_: int main (int argc, char *argv[]) @@ -3821,68 +3855,69 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_set_options, Next: _gfortran_set_convert, Prev: _gfortran_set_args, Up: Non-Fortran Main Program -7.3.2 '_gfortran_set_options' -- Set library option flags +7.3.2 `_gfortran_set_options' -- Set library option flags --------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: - '_gfortran_set_options' sets several flags related to the Fortran + `_gfortran_set_options' sets several flags related to the Fortran standard to be used, whether backtracing should be enabled and whether range checks should be performed. The syntax allows for - upward compatibility since the number of passed flags is specified; - for non-passed flags, the default value is used. See also *note - Code Gen Options::. Please note that not all flags are actually - used. + upward compatibility since the number of passed flags is + specified; for non-passed flags, the default value is used. See + also *note Code Gen Options::. Please note that not all flags are + actually used. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_set_options (int num, int options[])' + `void _gfortran_set_options (int num, int options[])' _Arguments_: - NUM number of options passed - ARGV The list of flag values + NUM number of options passed + ARGV The list of flag values _option flag list_: - OPTION[0] Allowed standard; can give run-time errors if - e.g. an input-output edit descriptor is invalid - in a given standard. Possible values are - (bitwise or-ed) 'GFC_STD_F77' (1), - 'GFC_STD_F95_OBS' (2), 'GFC_STD_F95_DEL' (4), - 'GFC_STD_F95' (8), 'GFC_STD_F2003' (16), - 'GFC_STD_GNU' (32), 'GFC_STD_LEGACY' (64), - 'GFC_STD_F2008' (128), 'GFC_STD_F2008_OBS' (256) - and GFC_STD_F2008_TS (512). Default: - 'GFC_STD_F95_OBS | GFC_STD_F95_DEL | GFC_STD_F95 - | GFC_STD_F2003 | GFC_STD_F2008 | - GFC_STD_F2008_TS | GFC_STD_F2008_OBS | - GFC_STD_F77 | GFC_STD_GNU | GFC_STD_LEGACY'. - OPTION[1] Standard-warning flag; prints a warning to - standard error. Default: 'GFC_STD_F95_DEL | - GFC_STD_LEGACY'. - OPTION[2] If non zero, enable pedantic checking. Default: - off. - OPTION[3] Unused. - OPTION[4] If non zero, enable backtracing on run-time - errors. Default: off. (Default in the - compiler: on.) Note: Installs a signal handler - and requires command-line initialization using - '_gfortran_set_args'. - OPTION[5] If non zero, supports signed zeros. Default: - enabled. - OPTION[6] Enables run-time checking. Possible values are - (bitwise or-ed): GFC_RTCHECK_BOUNDS (1), - GFC_RTCHECK_ARRAY_TEMPS (2), - GFC_RTCHECK_RECURSION (4), GFC_RTCHECK_DO (16), - GFC_RTCHECK_POINTER (32). Default: disabled. - OPTION[7] Unused. - OPTION[8] Show a warning when invoking 'STOP' and 'ERROR - STOP' if a floating-point exception occurred. - Possible values are (bitwise or-ed) - 'GFC_FPE_INVALID' (1), 'GFC_FPE_DENORMAL' (2), - 'GFC_FPE_ZERO' (4), 'GFC_FPE_OVERFLOW' (8), - 'GFC_FPE_UNDERFLOW' (16), 'GFC_FPE_INEXACT' - (32). Default: None (0). (Default in the - compiler: 'GFC_FPE_INVALID | GFC_FPE_DENORMAL | - GFC_FPE_ZERO | GFC_FPE_OVERFLOW | - GFC_FPE_UNDERFLOW'.) + OPTION[0] Allowed standard; can give run-time errors if + e.g. an input-output edit descriptor is + invalid in a given standard. Possible values + are (bitwise or-ed) `GFC_STD_F77' (1), + `GFC_STD_F95_OBS' (2), `GFC_STD_F95_DEL' (4), + `GFC_STD_F95' (8), `GFC_STD_F2003' (16), + `GFC_STD_GNU' (32), `GFC_STD_LEGACY' (64), + `GFC_STD_F2008' (128), `GFC_STD_F2008_OBS' + (256) and GFC_STD_F2008_TS (512). Default: + `GFC_STD_F95_OBS | GFC_STD_F95_DEL | + GFC_STD_F95 | GFC_STD_F2003 | GFC_STD_F2008 | + GFC_STD_F2008_TS | GFC_STD_F2008_OBS | + GFC_STD_F77 | GFC_STD_GNU | GFC_STD_LEGACY'. + OPTION[1] Standard-warning flag; prints a warning to + standard error. Default: `GFC_STD_F95_DEL | + GFC_STD_LEGACY'. + OPTION[2] If non zero, enable pedantic checking. + Default: off. + OPTION[3] Unused. + OPTION[4] If non zero, enable backtracing on run-time + errors. Default: off. (Default in the + compiler: on.) Note: Installs a signal + handler and requires command-line + initialization using `_gfortran_set_args'. + OPTION[5] If non zero, supports signed zeros. Default: + enabled. + OPTION[6] Enables run-time checking. Possible values + are (bitwise or-ed): GFC_RTCHECK_BOUNDS (1), + GFC_RTCHECK_ARRAY_TEMPS (2), + GFC_RTCHECK_RECURSION (4), GFC_RTCHECK_DO + (16), GFC_RTCHECK_POINTER (32). Default: + disabled. + OPTION[7] Unused. + OPTION[8] Show a warning when invoking `STOP' and `ERROR + STOP' if a floating-point exception occurred. + Possible values are (bitwise or-ed) + `GFC_FPE_INVALID' (1), `GFC_FPE_DENORMAL' (2), + `GFC_FPE_ZERO' (4), `GFC_FPE_OVERFLOW' (8), + `GFC_FPE_UNDERFLOW' (16), `GFC_FPE_INEXACT' + (32). Default: None (0). (Default in the + compiler: `GFC_FPE_INVALID | GFC_FPE_DENORMAL | + GFC_FPE_ZERO | GFC_FPE_OVERFLOW | + GFC_FPE_UNDERFLOW'.) _Example_: /* Use gfortran 4.9 default options. */ @@ -3892,21 +3927,21 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_set_convert, Next: _gfortran_set_record_marker, Prev: _gfortran_set_options, Up: Non-Fortran Main Program -7.3.3 '_gfortran_set_convert' -- Set endian conversion +7.3.3 `_gfortran_set_convert' -- Set endian conversion ------------------------------------------------------ _Description_: - '_gfortran_set_convert' set the representation of data for + `_gfortran_set_convert' set the representation of data for unformatted files. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_set_convert (int conv)' + `void _gfortran_set_convert (int conv)' _Arguments_: - CONV Endian conversion, possible values: - GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE (0, default), - GFC_CONVERT_SWAP (1), GFC_CONVERT_BIG (2), - GFC_CONVERT_LITTLE (3). + CONV Endian conversion, possible values: + GFC_CONVERT_NATIVE (0, default), + GFC_CONVERT_SWAP (1), GFC_CONVERT_BIG (2), + GFC_CONVERT_LITTLE (3). _Example_: int main (int argc, char *argv[]) @@ -3920,19 +3955,19 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_set_record_marker, Next: _gfortran_set_fpe, Prev: _gfortran_set_convert, Up: Non-Fortran Main Program -7.3.4 '_gfortran_set_record_marker' -- Set length of record markers +7.3.4 `_gfortran_set_record_marker' -- Set length of record markers ------------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: - '_gfortran_set_record_marker' sets the length of record markers for - unformatted files. + `_gfortran_set_record_marker' sets the length of record markers + for unformatted files. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_set_record_marker (int val)' + `void _gfortran_set_record_marker (int val)' _Arguments_: - VAL Length of the record marker; valid values are 4 - and 8. Default is 4. + VAL Length of the record marker; valid values are + 4 and 8. Default is 4. _Example_: int main (int argc, char *argv[]) @@ -3946,24 +3981,24 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_set_fpe, Next: _gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length, Prev: _gfortran_set_record_marker, Up: Non-Fortran Main Program -7.3.5 '_gfortran_set_fpe' -- Enable floating point exception traps +7.3.5 `_gfortran_set_fpe' -- Enable floating point exception traps ------------------------------------------------------------------ _Description_: - '_gfortran_set_fpe' enables floating point exception traps for the + `_gfortran_set_fpe' enables floating point exception traps for the specified exceptions. On most systems, this will result in a SIGFPE signal being sent and the program being aborted. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_set_fpe (int val)' + `void _gfortran_set_fpe (int val)' _Arguments_: - OPTION[0] IEEE exceptions. Possible values are (bitwise - or-ed) zero (0, default) no trapping, - 'GFC_FPE_INVALID' (1), 'GFC_FPE_DENORMAL' (2), - 'GFC_FPE_ZERO' (4), 'GFC_FPE_OVERFLOW' (8), - 'GFC_FPE_UNDERFLOW' (16), and 'GFC_FPE_INEXACT' - (32). + OPTION[0] IEEE exceptions. Possible values are (bitwise + or-ed) zero (0, default) no trapping, + `GFC_FPE_INVALID' (1), `GFC_FPE_DENORMAL' (2), + `GFC_FPE_ZERO' (4), `GFC_FPE_OVERFLOW' (8), + `GFC_FPE_UNDERFLOW' (16), and + `GFC_FPE_INEXACT' (32). _Example_: int main (int argc, char *argv[]) @@ -3978,21 +4013,21 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length, Prev: _gfortran_set_fpe, Up: Non-Fortran Main Program -7.3.6 '_gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length' -- Set subrecord length +7.3.6 `_gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length' -- Set subrecord length ------------------------------------------------------------------ _Description_: - '_gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length' set the maximum length for a + `_gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length' set the maximum length for a subrecord. This option only makes sense for testing and debugging of unformatted I/O. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length (int val)' + `void _gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length (int val)' _Arguments_: - VAL the maximum length for a subrecord; the maximum - permitted value is 2147483639, which is also the - default. + VAL the maximum length for a subrecord; the + maximum permitted value is 2147483639, which + is also the default. _Example_: int main (int argc, char *argv[]) @@ -4028,27 +4063,28 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Naming conventions, Next: Argument passing conventi ------------------------ According the Fortran standard, valid Fortran names consist of a letter -between 'A' to 'Z', 'a' to 'z', digits '0', '1' to '9' and underscores -('_') with the restriction that names may only start with a letter. As -vendor extension, the dollar sign ('$') is additionally permitted with -the option '-fdollar-ok', but not as first character and only if the +between `A' to `Z', `a' to `z', digits `0', `1' to `9' and underscores +(`_') with the restriction that names may only start with a letter. As +vendor extension, the dollar sign (`$') is additionally permitted with +the option `-fdollar-ok', but not as first character and only if the target system supports it. By default, the procedure name is the lower-cased Fortran name with -an appended underscore ('_'); using '-fno-underscoring' no underscore is -appended while '-fsecond-underscore' appends two underscores. Depending -on the target system and the calling convention, the procedure might be -additionally dressed; for instance, on 32bit Windows with 'stdcall', an -at-sign '@' followed by an integer number is appended. For the changing -the calling convention, see *note GNU Fortran Compiler Directives::. - - For common blocks, the same convention is used, i.e. by default an +an appended underscore (`_'); using `-fno-underscoring' no underscore +is appended while `-fsecond-underscore' appends two underscores. +Depending on the target system and the calling convention, the +procedure might be additionally dressed; for instance, on 32bit Windows +with `stdcall', an at-sign `@' followed by an integer number is +appended. For the changing the calling convention, see *note GNU +Fortran Compiler Directives::. + + For common blocks, the same convention is used, i.e. by default an underscore is appended to the lower-cased Fortran name. Blank commons -have the name '__BLNK__'. +have the name `__BLNK__'. For procedures and variables declared in the specification space of a -module, the name is formed by '__', followed by the lower-cased module -name, '_MOD_', and the lower-cased Fortran name. Note that no +module, the name is formed by `__', followed by the lower-cased module +name, `_MOD_', and the lower-cased Fortran name. Note that no underscore is appended. @@ -4057,81 +4093,85 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Argument passing conventions, Prev: Naming conventi 7.4.2 Argument passing conventions ---------------------------------- -Subroutines do not return a value (matching C99's 'void') while +Subroutines do not return a value (matching C99's `void') while functions either return a value as specified in the platform ABI or the result variable is passed as hidden argument to the function and no result is returned. A hidden result variable is used when the result -variable is an array or of type 'CHARACTER'. +variable is an array or of type `CHARACTER'. Arguments are passed according to the platform ABI. In particular, complex arguments might not be compatible to a struct with two real -components for the real and imaginary part. The argument passing -matches the one of C99's '_Complex'. Functions with scalar complex +components for the real and imaginary part. The argument passing +matches the one of C99's `_Complex'. Functions with scalar complex result variables return their value and do not use a by-reference -argument. Note that with the '-ff2c' option, the argument passing is -modified and no longer completely matches the platform ABI. Some other -Fortran compilers use 'f2c' semantic by default; this might cause +argument. Note that with the `-ff2c' option, the argument passing is +modified and no longer completely matches the platform ABI. Some other +Fortran compilers use `f2c' semantic by default; this might cause problems with interoperablility. - GNU Fortran passes most arguments by reference, i.e. by passing a + GNU Fortran passes most arguments by reference, i.e. by passing a pointer to the data. Note that the compiler might use a temporary variable into which the actual argument has been copied, if required semantically (copy-in/copy-out). - For arguments with 'ALLOCATABLE' and 'POINTER' attribute (including + For arguments with `ALLOCATABLE' and `POINTER' attribute (including procedure pointers), a pointer to the pointer is passed such that the pointer address can be modified in the procedure. - For dummy arguments with the 'VALUE' attribute: Scalar arguments of -the type 'INTEGER', 'LOGICAL', 'REAL' and 'COMPLEX' are passed by value -according to the platform ABI. (As vendor extension and not recommended, -using '%VAL()' in the call to a procedure has the same effect.) For -'TYPE(C_PTR)' and procedure pointers, the pointer itself is passed such -that it can be modified without affecting the caller. - - For Boolean ('LOGICAL') arguments, please note that GCC expects only -the integer value 0 and 1. If a GNU Fortran 'LOGICAL' variable contains -another integer value, the result is undefined. As some other Fortran -compilers use -1 for '.TRUE.', extra care has to be taken - such as -passing the value as 'INTEGER'. (The same value restriction also -applies to other front ends of GCC, e.g. to GCC's C99 compiler for -'_Bool' or GCC's Ada compiler for 'Boolean'.) - - For arguments of 'CHARACTER' type, the character length is passed as + For dummy arguments with the `VALUE' attribute: Scalar arguments of +the type `INTEGER', `LOGICAL', `REAL' and `COMPLEX' are passed by value +according to the platform ABI. (As vendor extension and not +recommended, using `%VAL()' in the call to a procedure has the same +effect.) For `TYPE(C_PTR)' and procedure pointers, the pointer itself +is passed such that it can be modified without affecting the caller. + + For Boolean (`LOGICAL') arguments, please note that GCC expects only +the integer value 0 and 1. If a GNU Fortran `LOGICAL' variable +contains another integer value, the result is undefined. As some other +Fortran compilers use -1 for `.TRUE.', extra care has to be taken - +such as passing the value as `INTEGER'. (The same value restriction +also applies to other front ends of GCC, e.g. to GCC's C99 compiler for +`_Bool' or GCC's Ada compiler for `Boolean'.) + + For arguments of `CHARACTER' type, the character length is passed as hidden argument. For deferred-length strings, the value is passed by reference, otherwise by value. The character length has the type -'INTEGER(kind=4)'. Note with C binding, 'CHARACTER(len=1)' result +`INTEGER(kind=4)'. Note with C binding, `CHARACTER(len=1)' result variables are returned according to the platform ABI and no hidden -length argument is used for dummy arguments; with 'VALUE', those +length argument is used for dummy arguments; with `VALUE', those variables are passed by value. - For 'OPTIONAL' dummy arguments, an absent argument is denoted by a -NULL pointer, except for scalar dummy arguments of type 'INTEGER', -'LOGICAL', 'REAL' and 'COMPLEX' which have the 'VALUE' attribute. For -those, a hidden Boolean argument ('logical(kind=C_bool),value') is used + For `OPTIONAL' dummy arguments, an absent argument is denoted by a +NULL pointer, except for scalar dummy arguments of type `INTEGER', +`LOGICAL', `REAL' and `COMPLEX' which have the `VALUE' attribute. For +those, a hidden Boolean argument (`logical(kind=C_bool),value') is used to indicate whether the argument is present. Arguments which are assumed-shape, assumed-rank or deferred-rank -arrays or, with '-fcoarray=lib', allocatable scalar coarrays use an +arrays or, with `-fcoarray=lib', allocatable scalar coarrays use an array descriptor. All other arrays pass the address of the first -element of the array. With '-fcoarray=lib', the token and the offset +element of the array. With `-fcoarray=lib', the token and the offset belonging to nonallocatable coarrays dummy arguments are passed as hidden argument along the character length hidden arguments. The token is an oparque pointer identifying the coarray and the offset is a -passed-by-value integer of kind 'C_PTRDIFF_T', denoting the byte offset +passed-by-value integer of kind `C_PTRDIFF_T', denoting the byte offset between the base address of the coarray and the passed scalar or first element of the passed array. The arguments are passed in the following order * Result variable, when the function result is passed by reference + * Character length of the function result, if it is a of type - 'CHARACTER' and no C binding is used + `CHARACTER' and no C binding is used + * The arguments in the order in which they appear in the Fortran declaration + * The the present status for optional arguments with value attribute, which are internally passed by value + * The character length and/or coarray token and offset for the first - argument which is a 'CHARACTER' or a nonallocatable coarray dummy + argument which is a `CHARACTER' or a nonallocatable coarray dummy argument, followed by the hidden arguments of the next dummy argument of such a type @@ -4160,16 +4200,16 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Type and enum ABI Documentation, Next: Function ABI File: gfortran.info, Node: caf_token_t, Next: caf_register_t, Up: Type and enum ABI Documentation -8.1.1 'caf_token_t' +8.1.1 `caf_token_t' ------------------- -Typedef of type 'void *' on the compiler side. Can be any data type on +Typedef of type `void *' on the compiler side. Can be any data type on the library side. File: gfortran.info, Node: caf_register_t, Prev: caf_token_t, Up: Type and enum ABI Documentation -8.1.2 'caf_register_t' +8.1.2 `caf_register_t' ---------------------- Indicates which kind of coarray variable should be registered. @@ -4220,25 +4260,26 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Function ABI Documentation, Prev: Type and enum ABI File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_init, Next: _gfortran_caf_finish, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.1 '_gfortran_caf_init' -- Initialiation function +8.2.1 `_gfortran_caf_init' -- Initialiation function ---------------------------------------------------- _Description_: This function is called at startup of the program before the Fortran main program, if the latter has been compiled with - '-fcoarray=lib'. It takes as arguments the command-line arguments - of the program. It is permitted to pass to 'NULL' pointers as - argument; if non-'NULL', the library is permitted to modify the + `-fcoarray=lib'. It takes as arguments the command-line arguments + of the program. It is permitted to pass to `NULL' pointers as + argument; if non-`NULL', the library is permitted to modify the arguments. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_init (int *argc, char ***argv)' + `void _gfortran_caf_init (int *argc, char ***argv)' _Arguments_: - ARGC intent(inout) An integer pointer with the number - of arguments passed to the program or 'NULL'. - ARGV intent(inout) A pointer to an array of strings - with the command-line arguments or 'NULL'. + ARGC intent(inout) An integer pointer with the + number of arguments passed to the program or + `NULL'. + ARGV intent(inout) A pointer to an array of strings + with the command-line arguments or `NULL'. _NOTES_ The function is modelled after the initialization function of the @@ -4252,136 +4293,136 @@ _NOTES_ File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_finish, Next: _gfortran_caf_this_image, Prev: _gfortran_caf_init, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.2 '_gfortran_caf_finish' -- Finalization function +8.2.2 `_gfortran_caf_finish' -- Finalization function ----------------------------------------------------- _Description_: This function is called at the end of the Fortran main program, if - it has been compiled with the '-fcoarray=lib' option. + it has been compiled with the `-fcoarray=lib' option. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_finish (void)' + `void _gfortran_caf_finish (void)' _NOTES_ - For non-Fortran programs, it is recommended to call the function at - the end of the main program. To ensure that the shutdown is also - performed for programs where this function is not explicitly - invoked, for instance non-Fortran programs or calls to the system's - exit() function, the library can use a destructor function. Note - that programs can also be terminated using the STOP and ERROR STOP - statements; those use different library calls. + For non-Fortran programs, it is recommended to call the function + at the end of the main program. To ensure that the shutdown is + also performed for programs where this function is not explicitly + invoked, for instance non-Fortran programs or calls to the + system's exit() function, the library can use a destructor + function. Note that programs can also be terminated using the + STOP and ERROR STOP statements; those use different library calls. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_this_image, Next: _gfortran_caf_num_images, Prev: _gfortran_caf_finish, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.3 '_gfortran_caf_this_image' -- Querying the image number +8.2.3 `_gfortran_caf_this_image' -- Querying the image number ------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: - This function returns the current image number, which is a positive - number. + This function returns the current image number, which is a + positive number. _Syntax_: - 'int _gfortran_caf_this_image (int distance)' + `int _gfortran_caf_this_image (int distance)' _Arguments_: - DISTANCE As specified for the 'this_image' intrinsic in - TS18508. Shall be a nonnegative number. + DISTANCE As specified for the `this_image' intrinsic in + TS18508. Shall be a nonnegative number. _NOTES_ - If the Fortran intrinsic 'this_image' is invoked without an + If the Fortran intrinsic `this_image' is invoked without an argument, which is the only permitted form in Fortran 2008, GCC - passes '0' as first argument. + passes `0' as first argument. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_num_images, Next: _gfortran_caf_register, Prev: _gfortran_caf_this_image, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.4 '_gfortran_caf_num_images' -- Querying the maximal number of images +8.2.4 `_gfortran_caf_num_images' -- Querying the maximal number of images ------------------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: This function returns the number of images in the current team, if DISTANCE is 0 or the number of images in the parent team at the - specified distance. If failed is -1, the function returns the + specified distance. If failed is -1, the function returns the number of all images at the specified distance; if it is 0, the - function returns the number of nonfailed images, and if it is 1, it - returns the number of failed images. + function returns the number of nonfailed images, and if it is 1, + it returns the number of failed images. _Syntax_: - 'int _gfortran_caf_num_images(int distance, int failed)' + `int _gfortran_caf_num_images(int distance, int failed)' _Arguments_: - DISTANCE the distance from this image to the ancestor. - Shall be positive. - FAILED shall be -1, 0, or 1 + DISTANCE the distance from this image to the ancestor. + Shall be positive. + FAILED shall be -1, 0, or 1 _NOTES_ - This function follows TS18508. If the num_image intrinsic has no - arguments, the the compiler passes 'distance=0' and 'failed=-1' to + This function follows TS18508. If the num_image intrinsic has no + arguments, the the compiler passes `distance=0' and `failed=-1' to the function. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_register, Next: _gfortran_caf_deregister, Prev: _gfortran_caf_num_images, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.5 '_gfortran_caf_register' -- Registering coarrays +8.2.5 `_gfortran_caf_register' -- Registering coarrays ------------------------------------------------------ _Description_: Allocates memory for a coarray and creates a token to identify the - coarray. The function is called for both coarrays with 'SAVE' - attribute and using an explicit 'ALLOCATE' statement. If an error - occurs and STAT is a 'NULL' pointer, the function shall abort with + coarray. The function is called for both coarrays with `SAVE' + attribute and using an explicit `ALLOCATE' statement. If an error + occurs and STAT is a `NULL' pointer, the function shall abort with printing an error message and starting the error termination. If no error occurs and STAT is present, it shall be set to zero. - Otherwise, it shall be set to a positive value and, if not-'NULL', - ERRMSG shall be set to a string describing the failure. The + Otherwise, it shall be set to a positive value and, if not-`NULL', + ERRMSG shall be set to a string describing the failure. The function shall return a pointer to the requested memory for the - local image as a call to 'malloc' would do. + local image as a call to `malloc' would do. - For 'CAF_REGTYPE_COARRAY_STATIC' and 'CAF_REGTYPE_COARRAY_ALLOC', + For `CAF_REGTYPE_COARRAY_STATIC' and `CAF_REGTYPE_COARRAY_ALLOC', the passed size is the byte size requested. For - 'CAF_REGTYPE_LOCK_STATIC', 'CAF_REGTYPE_LOCK_ALLOC' and - 'CAF_REGTYPE_CRITICAL' it is the array size or one for a scalar. + `CAF_REGTYPE_LOCK_STATIC', `CAF_REGTYPE_LOCK_ALLOC' and + `CAF_REGTYPE_CRITICAL' it is the array size or one for a scalar. _Syntax_: - 'void *caf_register (size_t size, caf_register_t type, caf_token_t + `void *caf_register (size_t size, caf_register_t type, caf_token_t *token, int *stat, char *errmsg, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - SIZE For normal coarrays, the byte size of the - coarray to be allocated; for lock types, the - number of elements. - TYPE one of the caf_register_t types. - TOKEN intent(out) An opaque pointer identifying the - coarray. - STAT intent(out) For allocatable coarrays, stores the - STAT=; may be NULL - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + SIZE For normal coarrays, the byte size of the + coarray to be allocated; for lock types, the + number of elements. + TYPE one of the caf_register_t types. + TOKEN intent(out) An opaque pointer identifying the + coarray. + STAT intent(out) For allocatable coarrays, stores + the STAT=; may be NULL + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. _NOTES_ Nonalloatable coarrays have to be registered prior use from remote images. In order to guarantee this, they have to be registered - before the main program. This can be achieved by creating - constructor functions. That is what GCC does such that also + before the main program. This can be achieved by creating + constructor functions. That is what GCC does such that also nonallocatable coarrays the memory is allocated and no static memory is used. The token permits to identify the coarray; to the - processor, the token is a nonaliasing pointer. The library can, + processor, the token is a nonaliasing pointer. The library can, for instance, store the base address of the coarray in the token, some handle or a more complicated struct. For normal coarrays, the returned pointer is used for accesses on - the local image. For lock types, the value shall only used for - checking the allocation status. Note that for critical blocks, the + the local image. For lock types, the value shall only used for + checking the allocation status. Note that for critical blocks, the locking is only required on one image; in the locking statement, the processor shall always pass always an image index of one for - critical-block lock variables ('CAF_REGTYPE_CRITICAL'). + critical-block lock variables (`CAF_REGTYPE_CRITICAL'). File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_deregister, Next: _gfortran_caf_send, Prev: _gfortran_caf_register, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.6 '_gfortran_caf_deregister' -- Deregistering coarrays +8.2.6 `_gfortran_caf_deregister' -- Deregistering coarrays ---------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: @@ -4391,15 +4432,15 @@ _Description_: STAT variable is not null. _Syntax_: - 'void caf_deregister (const caf_token_t *token, int *stat, char + `void caf_deregister (const caf_token_t *token, int *stat, char *errmsg, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - STAT intent(out) For allocatable coarrays, stores the - STAT=; may be NULL - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + STAT intent(out) For allocatable coarrays, stores + the STAT=; may be NULL + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. _NOTES_ For nonalloatable coarrays this function is never called. If a @@ -4409,7 +4450,7 @@ _NOTES_ File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_send, Next: _gfortran_caf_get, Prev: _gfortran_caf_deregister, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.7 '_gfortran_caf_send' -- Sending data from a local image to a remote image +8.2.7 `_gfortran_caf_send' -- Sending data from a local image to a remote image ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: @@ -4417,56 +4458,57 @@ _Description_: local to a remote image identified by the image_index. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_send (caf_token_t token, size_t offset, int + `void _gfortran_caf_send (caf_token_t token, size_t offset, int image_index, gfc_descriptor_t *dest, caf_vector_t *dst_vector, gfc_descriptor_t *src, int dst_kind, int src_kind, bool may_require_tmp)' _Arguments_: - TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the - coarray. - OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is - shifted compared to the base address of the - coarray. - IMAGE_INDEX The ID of the remote image; must be a positive - number. - DEST intent(in) Array descriptor for the remote image - for the bounds and the size. The base_addr - shall not be accessed. - DST_VECTOR intent(int) If not NULL, it contains the vector - subscript of the destination array; the values - are relative to the dimension triplet of the - dest argument. - SRC intent(in) Array descriptor of the local array - to be transferred to the remote image - DST_KIND Kind of the destination argument - SRC_KIND Kind of the source argument + TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the + coarray. + OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is + shifted compared to the base address of the + coarray. + IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the remote image; must be a positive + number. + DEST intent(in) Array descriptor for the remote + image for the bounds and the size. The + base_addr shall not be accessed. + DST_VECTOR intent(int) If not NULL, it contains the + vector subscript of the destination array; the + values are relative to the dimension triplet + of the dest argument. + SRC intent(in) Array descriptor of the local array + to be transferred to the remote image + DST_KIND Kind of the destination argument + SRC_KIND Kind of the source argument MAY_REQUIRE_TMPThe variable is false it is known at compile - time that the DEST and SRC either cannot overlap - or overlap (fully or partially) such that - walking SRC and DEST in element wise element - order (honoring the stride value) will not lead - to wrong results. Otherwise, the value is true. + time that the DEST and SRC either cannot + overlap or overlap (fully or partially) such + that walking SRC and DEST in element wise + element order (honoring the stride value) will + not lead to wrong results. Otherwise, the + value is true. _NOTES_ It is permitted to have image_id equal the current image; the memory of the send-to and the send-from might (partially) overlap - in that case. The implementation has to take care that it handles - this case, e.g. using 'memmove' which handles (partially) - overlapping memory. If MAY_REQUIRE_TMP is true, the library might + in that case. The implementation has to take care that it handles + this case, e.g. using `memmove' which handles (partially) + overlapping memory. If MAY_REQUIRE_TMP is true, the library might additionally create a temporary variable, unless additional checks - show that this is not required (e.g. because walking backward is - possible or because both arrays are contiguous and 'memmove' takes + show that this is not required (e.g. because walking backward is + possible or because both arrays are contiguous and `memmove' takes care of overlap issues). - Note that the assignment of a scalar to an array is permitted. In - addition, the library has to handle numeric-type conversion and for - strings, padding and different character kinds. + Note that the assignment of a scalar to an array is permitted. In + addition, the library has to handle numeric-type conversion and + for strings, padding and different character kinds. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_get, Next: _gfortran_caf_sendget, Prev: _gfortran_caf_send, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.8 '_gfortran_caf_get' -- Getting data from a remote image +8.2.8 `_gfortran_caf_get' -- Getting data from a remote image ------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: @@ -4474,55 +4516,56 @@ _Description_: image identified by the image_index. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_get_desc (caf_token_t token, size_t offset, int - image_index, gfc_descriptor_t *src, caf_vector_t *src_vector, + `void _gfortran_caf_get_desc (caf_token_t token, size_t offset, + int image_index, gfc_descriptor_t *src, caf_vector_t *src_vector, gfc_descriptor_t *dest, int src_kind, int dst_kind, bool may_require_tmp)' _Arguments_: - TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the - coarray. - OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is - shifted compared to the base address of the - coarray. - IMAGE_INDEX The ID of the remote image; must be a positive - number. - DEST intent(in) Array descriptor of the local array - to be transferred to the remote image - SRC intent(in) Array descriptor for the remote image - for the bounds and the size. The base_addr - shall not be accessed. - SRC_VECTOR intent(int) If not NULL, it contains the vector - subscript of the destination array; the values - are relative to the dimension triplet of the - dest argument. - DST_KIND Kind of the destination argument - SRC_KIND Kind of the source argument + TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the + coarray. + OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is + shifted compared to the base address of the + coarray. + IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the remote image; must be a positive + number. + DEST intent(in) Array descriptor of the local array + to be transferred to the remote image + SRC intent(in) Array descriptor for the remote + image for the bounds and the size. The + base_addr shall not be accessed. + SRC_VECTOR intent(int) If not NULL, it contains the + vector subscript of the destination array; the + values are relative to the dimension triplet + of the dest argument. + DST_KIND Kind of the destination argument + SRC_KIND Kind of the source argument MAY_REQUIRE_TMPThe variable is false it is known at compile - time that the DEST and SRC either cannot overlap - or overlap (fully or partially) such that - walking SRC and DEST in element wise element - order (honoring the stride value) will not lead - to wrong results. Otherwise, the value is true. + time that the DEST and SRC either cannot + overlap or overlap (fully or partially) such + that walking SRC and DEST in element wise + element order (honoring the stride value) will + not lead to wrong results. Otherwise, the + value is true. _NOTES_ It is permitted to have image_id equal the current image; the memory of the send-to and the send-from might (partially) overlap - in that case. The implementation has to take care that it handles - this case, e.g. using 'memmove' which handles (partially) - overlapping memory. If MAY_REQUIRE_TMP is true, the library might + in that case. The implementation has to take care that it handles + this case, e.g. using `memmove' which handles (partially) + overlapping memory. If MAY_REQUIRE_TMP is true, the library might additionally create a temporary variable, unless additional checks - show that this is not required (e.g. because walking backward is - possible or because both arrays are contiguous and 'memmove' takes + show that this is not required (e.g. because walking backward is + possible or because both arrays are contiguous and `memmove' takes care of overlap issues). - Note that the library has to handle numeric-type conversion and for - strings, padding and different character kinds. + Note that the library has to handle numeric-type conversion and + for strings, padding and different character kinds. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_sendget, Next: _gfortran_caf_lock, Prev: _gfortran_caf_get, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.9 '_gfortran_caf_sendget' -- Sending data between remote images +8.2.9 `_gfortran_caf_sendget' -- Sending data between remote images ------------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: @@ -4531,96 +4574,98 @@ _Description_: identified by the dst_image_index. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_sendget (caf_token_t dst_token, size_t + `void _gfortran_caf_sendget (caf_token_t dst_token, size_t dst_offset, int dst_image_index, gfc_descriptor_t *dest, - caf_vector_t *dst_vector, caf_token_t src_token, size_t src_offset, - int src_image_index, gfc_descriptor_t *src, caf_vector_t - *src_vector, int dst_kind, int src_kind, bool may_require_tmp)' - -_Arguments_: - DST_TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the - destination coarray. - DST_OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is - shifted compared to the base address of the - destination coarray. - DST_IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the destination remote image; must be - a positive number. - DEST intent(in) Array descriptor for the destination - remote image for the bounds and the size. The - base_addr shall not be accessed. - DST_VECTOR intent(int) If not NULL, it contains the vector - subscript of the destination array; the values - are relative to the dimension triplet of the - dest argument. - SRC_TOKEN An opaque pointer identifying the source - coarray. - SRC_OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is - shifted compared to the base address of the - source coarray. + caf_vector_t *dst_vector, caf_token_t src_token, size_t + src_offset, int src_image_index, gfc_descriptor_t *src, + caf_vector_t *src_vector, int dst_kind, int src_kind, bool + may_require_tmp)' + +_Arguments_: + DST_TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the + destination coarray. + DST_OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is + shifted compared to the base address of the + destination coarray. + DST_IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the destination remote image; must + be a positive number. + DEST intent(in) Array descriptor for the destination + remote image for the bounds and the size. The + base_addr shall not be accessed. + DST_VECTOR intent(int) If not NULL, it contains the + vector subscript of the destination array; the + values are relative to the dimension triplet + of the dest argument. + SRC_TOKEN An opaque pointer identifying the source + coarray. + SRC_OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is + shifted compared to the base address of the + source coarray. SRC_IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the source remote image; must be a - positive number. - SRC intent(in) Array descriptor of the local array - to be transferred to the remote image. - SRC_VECTOR intent(in) Array descriptor of the local array - to be transferred to the remote image - DST_KIND Kind of the destination argument - SRC_KIND Kind of the source argument + positive number. + SRC intent(in) Array descriptor of the local array + to be transferred to the remote image. + SRC_VECTOR intent(in) Array descriptor of the local array + to be transferred to the remote image + DST_KIND Kind of the destination argument + SRC_KIND Kind of the source argument MAY_REQUIRE_TMPThe variable is false it is known at compile - time that the DEST and SRC either cannot overlap - or overlap (fully or partially) such that - walking SRC and DEST in element wise element - order (honoring the stride value) will not lead - to wrong results. Otherwise, the value is true. + time that the DEST and SRC either cannot + overlap or overlap (fully or partially) such + that walking SRC and DEST in element wise + element order (honoring the stride value) will + not lead to wrong results. Otherwise, the + value is true. _NOTES_ It is permitted to have image_ids equal; the memory of the send-to - and the send-from might (partially) overlap in that case. The + and the send-from might (partially) overlap in that case. The implementation has to take care that it handles this case, e.g. - using 'memmove' which handles (partially) overlapping memory. If + using `memmove' which handles (partially) overlapping memory. If MAY_REQUIRE_TMP is true, the library might additionally create a temporary variable, unless additional checks show that this is not - required (e.g. because walking backward is possible or because - both arrays are contiguous and 'memmove' takes care of overlap + required (e.g. because walking backward is possible or because + both arrays are contiguous and `memmove' takes care of overlap issues). - Note that the assignment of a scalar to an array is permitted. In - addition, the library has to handle numeric-type conversion and for - strings, padding and different character kinds. + Note that the assignment of a scalar to an array is permitted. In + addition, the library has to handle numeric-type conversion and + for strings, padding and different character kinds. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_lock, Next: _gfortran_caf_unlock, Prev: _gfortran_caf_sendget, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.10 '_gfortran_caf_lock' -- Locking a lock variable +8.2.10 `_gfortran_caf_lock' -- Locking a lock variable ------------------------------------------------------ _Description_: Acquire a lock on the given image on a scalar locking variable or - for the given array element for an array-valued variable. If the - AQUIRED_LOCK is 'NULL', the function return after having obtained - the lock. If it is nonnull, the result is is assigned the value + for the given array element for an array-valued variable. If the + AQUIRED_LOCK is `NULL', the function return after having obtained + the lock. If it is nonnull, the result is is assigned the value true (one) when the lock could be obtained and false (zero) otherwise. Locking a lock variable which has already been locked by the same image is an error. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_lock (caf_token_t token, size_t index, int + `void _gfortran_caf_lock (caf_token_t token, size_t index, int image_index, int *aquired_lock, int *stat, char *errmsg, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the - coarray. - INDEX Array index; first array index is 0. For - scalars, it is always 0. - IMAGE_INDEX The ID of the remote image; must be a positive - number. - AQUIRED_LOCKintent(out) If not NULL, it returns whether lock - could be obtained - STAT intent(out) For allocatable coarrays, stores the - STAT=; may be NULL - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the + coarray. + INDEX Array index; first array index is 0. For + scalars, it is always 0. + IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the remote image; must be a positive + number. + AQUIRED_LOCKintent(out) If not NULL, it returns whether + lock could be obtained + STAT intent(out) For allocatable coarrays, stores + the STAT=; may be NULL + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. _NOTES_ This function is also called for critical blocks; for those, the @@ -4631,31 +4676,31 @@ _NOTES_ File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_unlock, Next: _gfortran_caf_sync_all, Prev: _gfortran_caf_lock, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.11 '_gfortran_caf_lock' -- Unlocking a lock variable +8.2.11 `_gfortran_caf_lock' -- Unlocking a lock variable -------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: Release a lock on the given image on a scalar locking variable or for the given array element for an array-valued variable. - Unlocking a lock variable which is unlocked or has been locked by a - different image is an error. + Unlocking a lock variable which is unlocked or has been locked by + a different image is an error. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_unlock (caf_token_t token, size_t index, int + `void _gfortran_caf_unlock (caf_token_t token, size_t index, int image_index, int *stat, char *errmsg, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the - coarray. - INDEX Array index; first array index is 0. For - scalars, it is always 0. - IMAGE_INDEX The ID of the remote image; must be a positive - number. - STAT intent(out) For allocatable coarrays, stores the - STAT=; may be NULL - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the + coarray. + INDEX Array index; first array index is 0. For + scalars, it is always 0. + IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the remote image; must be a positive + number. + STAT intent(out) For allocatable coarrays, stores + the STAT=; may be NULL + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. _NOTES_ This function is also called for critical block; for those, the @@ -4666,153 +4711,154 @@ _NOTES_ File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_sync_all, Next: _gfortran_caf_sync_images, Prev: _gfortran_caf_unlock, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.12 '_gfortran_caf_sync_all' -- All-image barrier +8.2.12 `_gfortran_caf_sync_all' -- All-image barrier ---------------------------------------------------- _Description_: - Synchronization of all images in the current team; the program only - continues on a given image after this function has been called on - all images of the current team. Additionally, it ensures that all - pending data transfers of previous segment have completed. + Synchronization of all images in the current team; the program + only continues on a given image after this function has been + called on all images of the current team. Additionally, it + ensures that all pending data transfers of previous segment have + completed. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_sync_all (int *stat, char *errmsg, int + `void _gfortran_caf_sync_all (int *stat, char *errmsg, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_sync_images, Next: _gfortran_caf_sync_memory, Prev: _gfortran_caf_sync_all, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.13 '_gfortran_caf_sync_images' -- Barrier for selected images +8.2.13 `_gfortran_caf_sync_images' -- Barrier for selected images ----------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: Synchronization between the specified images; the program only continues on a given image after this function has been called on - all images specified for that image. Note that one image can wait - for all other images in the current team (e.g. via 'sync + all images specified for that image. Note that one image can wait + for all other images in the current team (e.g. via `sync images(*)') while those only wait for that specific image. - Additionally, 'sync images' it ensures that all pending data + Additionally, `sync images' it ensures that all pending data transfers of previous segment have completed. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_sync_images (int count, int images[], int + `void _gfortran_caf_sync_images (int count, int images[], int *stat, char *errmsg, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - COUNT the number of images which are provided in the - next argument. For a zero-sized array, the - value is zero. For 'sync images (*)', the value - is -1. - IMAGES intent(in) an array with the images provided by - the user. If COUNT is zero, a NULL pointer is - passed. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + COUNT the number of images which are provided in the + next argument. For a zero-sized array, the + value is zero. For `sync images (*)', the + value is -1. + IMAGES intent(in) an array with the images provided + by the user. If COUNT is zero, a NULL pointer + is passed. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_sync_memory, Next: _gfortran_caf_error_stop, Prev: _gfortran_caf_sync_images, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.14 '_gfortran_caf_sync_memory' -- Wait for completion of segment-memory operations +8.2.14 `_gfortran_caf_sync_memory' -- Wait for completion of segment-memory operations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: - Acts as optimization barrier between different segments. It also + Acts as optimization barrier between different segments. It also ensures that all pending memory operations of this image have been completed. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_sync_memory (int *stat, char *errmsg, int + `void _gfortran_caf_sync_memory (int *stat, char *errmsg, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. _NOTE_ A simple implementation could be - '__asm__ __volatile__ ("":::"memory")' to prevent code movements. + `__asm__ __volatile__ ("":::"memory")' to prevent code movements. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_error_stop, Next: _gfortran_caf_error_stop_str, Prev: _gfortran_caf_sync_memory, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.15 '_gfortran_caf_error_stop' -- Error termination with exit code +8.2.15 `_gfortran_caf_error_stop' -- Error termination with exit code --------------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: - Invoked for an 'ERROR STOP' statement which has an integer + Invoked for an `ERROR STOP' statement which has an integer argument. The function should terminate the program with the specified exit code. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_error_stop (int32_t error)' + `void _gfortran_caf_error_stop (int32_t error)' _Arguments_: - ERROR the exit status to be used. + ERROR the exit status to be used. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_error_stop_str, Next: _gfortran_caf_atomic_define, Prev: _gfortran_caf_error_stop, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.16 '_gfortran_caf_error_stop_str' -- Error termination with string +8.2.16 `_gfortran_caf_error_stop_str' -- Error termination with string ---------------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: - Invoked for an 'ERROR STOP' statement which has a string as + Invoked for an `ERROR STOP' statement which has a string as argument. The function should terminate the program with a nonzero-exit code. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_error_stop (const char *string, int32_t len)' + `void _gfortran_caf_error_stop (const char *string, int32_t len)' _Arguments_: - STRING the error message (not zero terminated) - LEN the length of the string + STRING the error message (not zero terminated) + LEN the length of the string File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_atomic_define, Next: _gfortran_caf_atomic_ref, Prev: _gfortran_caf_error_stop_str, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.17 '_gfortran_caf_atomic_define' -- Atomic variable assignment +8.2.17 `_gfortran_caf_atomic_define' -- Atomic variable assignment ------------------------------------------------------------------ _Description_: Assign atomically a value to an integer or logical variable. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_atomic_define (caf_token_t token, size_t + `void _gfortran_caf_atomic_define (caf_token_t token, size_t offset, int image_index, void *value, int *stat, int type, int kind)' _Arguments_: - TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the - coarray. - OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is - shifted compared to the base address of the - coarray. - IMAGE_INDEX The ID of the remote image; must be a positive - number. - VALUE intent(in) the value to be assigned, passed by - reference. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - TYPE the data type, i.e. 'BT_INTEGER' (1) or - 'BT_LOGICAL' (2). - KIND The kind value (only 4; always 'int') + TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the + coarray. + OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is + shifted compared to the base address of the + coarray. + IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the remote image; must be a positive + number. + VALUE intent(in) the value to be assigned, passed by + reference. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + TYPE the data type, i.e. `BT_INTEGER' (1) or + `BT_LOGICAL' (2). + KIND The kind value (only 4; always `int') File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_atomic_ref, Next: _gfortran_caf_atomic_cas, Prev: _gfortran_caf_atomic_define, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.18 '_gfortran_caf_atomic_ref' -- Atomic variable reference +8.2.18 `_gfortran_caf_atomic_ref' -- Atomic variable reference -------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: @@ -4820,30 +4866,31 @@ _Description_: variable. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_atomic_ref (caf_token_t token, size_t offset, + `void _gfortran_caf_atomic_ref (caf_token_t token, size_t offset, int image_index, void *value, int *stat, int type, int kind)' _Arguments_: + _Arguments_: - TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the - coarray. - OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is - shifted compared to the base address of the - coarray. - IMAGE_INDEX The ID of the remote image; must be a positive - number. - VALUE intent(out) The variable assigned the atomically - referenced variable. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - TYPE the data type, i.e. 'BT_INTEGER' (1) or - 'BT_LOGICAL' (2). - KIND The kind value (only 4; always 'int') + TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the + coarray. + OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is + shifted compared to the base address of the + coarray. + IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the remote image; must be a positive + number. + VALUE intent(out) The variable assigned the + atomically referenced variable. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + TYPE the data type, i.e. `BT_INTEGER' (1) or + `BT_LOGICAL' (2). + KIND The kind value (only 4; always `int') File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_atomic_cas, Next: _gfortran_caf_atomic_op, Prev: _gfortran_caf_atomic_ref, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.19 '_gfortran_caf_atomic_cas' -- Atomic compare and swap +8.2.19 `_gfortran_caf_atomic_cas' -- Atomic compare and swap ------------------------------------------------------------ _Description_: @@ -4852,130 +4899,130 @@ _Description_: the latter has the value specified by the passed condition value. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_atomic_cas (caf_token_t token, size_t offset, + `void _gfortran_caf_atomic_cas (caf_token_t token, size_t offset, int image_index, void *old, void *compare, void *new_val, int *stat, int type, int kind)' _Arguments_: - TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the - coarray. - OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is - shifted compared to the base address of the - coarray. - IMAGE_INDEX The ID of the remote image; must be a positive - number. - OLD intent(out) the value which the atomic variable - had just before the cas operation. - COMPARE intent(in) The value used for comparision. - NEW_VAL intent(in) The new value for the atomic - variable, assigned to the atomic variable, if - 'compare' equals the value of the atomic - variable. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - TYPE the data type, i.e. 'BT_INTEGER' (1) or - 'BT_LOGICAL' (2). - KIND The kind value (only 4; always 'int') + TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the + coarray. + OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is + shifted compared to the base address of the + coarray. + IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the remote image; must be a positive + number. + OLD intent(out) the value which the atomic + variable had just before the cas operation. + COMPARE intent(in) The value used for comparision. + NEW_VAL intent(in) The new value for the atomic + variable, assigned to the atomic variable, if + `compare' equals the value of the atomic + variable. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + TYPE the data type, i.e. `BT_INTEGER' (1) or + `BT_LOGICAL' (2). + KIND The kind value (only 4; always `int') File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_atomic_op, Next: _gfortran_caf_co_broadcast, Prev: _gfortran_caf_atomic_cas, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.20 '_gfortran_caf_atomic_op' -- Atomic operation +8.2.20 `_gfortran_caf_atomic_op' -- Atomic operation ---------------------------------------------------- _Description_: Apply an operation atomically to an atomic integer or logical variable. After the operation, OLD contains the value just before the operation, which, respectively, adds (GFC_CAF_ATOMIC_ADD) - atomically the 'value' to the atomic integer variable or does a + atomically the `value' to the atomic integer variable or does a bitwise AND, OR or exclusive OR of the between the atomic variable and VALUE; the result is then stored in the atomic variable. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_atomic_op (int op, caf_token_t token, size_t + `void _gfortran_caf_atomic_op (int op, caf_token_t token, size_t offset, int image_index, void *value, void *old, int *stat, int type, int kind)' _Arguments_: - OP the operation to be performed; possible values - 'GFC_CAF_ATOMIC_ADD' (1), 'GFC_CAF_ATOMIC_AND' - (2), 'GFC_CAF_ATOMIC_OR' (3), - 'GFC_CAF_ATOMIC_XOR' (4). - TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the - coarray. - OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is - shifted compared to the base address of the - coarray. - IMAGE_INDEX The ID of the remote image; must be a positive - number. - OLD intent(out) the value which the atomic variable - had just before the atomic operation. - VAL intent(in) The new value for the atomic - variable, assigned to the atomic variable, if - 'compare' equals the value of the atomic - variable. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - TYPE the data type, i.e. 'BT_INTEGER' (1) or - 'BT_LOGICAL' (2). - KIND The kind value (only 4; always 'int') + OP the operation to be performed; possible values + `GFC_CAF_ATOMIC_ADD' (1), `GFC_CAF_ATOMIC_AND' + (2), `GFC_CAF_ATOMIC_OR' (3), + `GFC_CAF_ATOMIC_XOR' (4). + TOKEN intent(in) An opaque pointer identifying the + coarray. + OFFSET By which amount of bytes the actual data is + shifted compared to the base address of the + coarray. + IMAGE_INDEXThe ID of the remote image; must be a positive + number. + OLD intent(out) the value which the atomic + variable had just before the atomic operation. + VAL intent(in) The new value for the atomic + variable, assigned to the atomic variable, if + `compare' equals the value of the atomic + variable. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + TYPE the data type, i.e. `BT_INTEGER' (1) or + `BT_LOGICAL' (2). + KIND The kind value (only 4; always `int') File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_co_broadcast, Next: _gfortran_caf_co_max, Prev: _gfortran_caf_atomic_op, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.21 '_gfortran_caf_co_broadcast' -- Sending data to all images +8.2.21 `_gfortran_caf_co_broadcast' -- Sending data to all images ----------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: Distribute a value from a given image to all other images in the - team. Has to be called collectively. + team. Has to be called collectively. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_co_broadcast (gfc_descriptor_t *a, int + `void _gfortran_caf_co_broadcast (gfc_descriptor_t *a, int source_image, int *stat, char *errmsg, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the data - to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or to be - received (other images). + A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the + data to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or + to be received (other images). SOURCE_IMAGEThe ID of the image from which the data should - be taken. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + be taken. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_co_max, Next: _gfortran_caf_co_min, Prev: _gfortran_caf_co_broadcast, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.22 '_gfortran_caf_co_max' -- Collective maximum reduction +8.2.22 `_gfortran_caf_co_max' -- Collective maximum reduction ------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: Calculates the for the each array element of the variable A the - maximum value for that element in the current team; if RESULT_IMAGE - has the value 0, the result shall be stored on all images, - otherwise, only on the specified image. This function operates on - numeric values and character strings. + maximum value for that element in the current team; if + RESULT_IMAGE has the value 0, the result shall be stored on all + images, otherwise, only on the specified image. This function + operates on numeric values and character strings. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_co_max (gfc_descriptor_t *a, int result_image, + `void _gfortran_caf_co_max (gfc_descriptor_t *a, int result_image, int *stat, char *errmsg, int a_len, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the data - to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or to be - received (other images). + A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the + data to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or + to be received (other images). RESULT_IMAGEThe ID of the image to which the reduced value - should be copied to; if zero, it has to be - copied to all images. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - A_LEN The string length of argument A. - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + should be copied to; if zero, it has to be + copied to all images. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + A_LEN The string length of argument A. + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. _NOTES_ If RESULT_IMAGE is nonzero, the value on all images except of the @@ -4985,33 +5032,33 @@ _NOTES_ File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_co_min, Next: _gfortran_caf_co_sum, Prev: _gfortran_caf_co_max, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.23 '_gfortran_caf_co_min' -- Collective minimum reduction +8.2.23 `_gfortran_caf_co_min' -- Collective minimum reduction ------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: Calculates the for the each array element of the variable A the - minimum value for that element in the current team; if RESULT_IMAGE - has the value 0, the result shall be stored on all images, - otherwise, only on the specified image. This function operates on - numeric values and character strings. + minimum value for that element in the current team; if + RESULT_IMAGE has the value 0, the result shall be stored on all + images, otherwise, only on the specified image. This function + operates on numeric values and character strings. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_co_min (gfc_descriptor_t *a, int result_image, + `void _gfortran_caf_co_min (gfc_descriptor_t *a, int result_image, int *stat, char *errmsg, int a_len, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the data - to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or to be - received (other images). + A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the + data to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or + to be received (other images). RESULT_IMAGEThe ID of the image to which the reduced value - should be copied to; if zero, it has to be - copied to all images. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - A_LEN The string length of argument A. - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + should be copied to; if zero, it has to be + copied to all images. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + A_LEN The string length of argument A. + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. _NOTES_ If RESULT_IMAGE is nonzero, the value on all images except of the @@ -5021,31 +5068,31 @@ _NOTES_ File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_co_sum, Next: _gfortran_caf_co_reduce, Prev: _gfortran_caf_co_min, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.24 '_gfortran_caf_co_sum' -- Collective summing reduction +8.2.24 `_gfortran_caf_co_sum' -- Collective summing reduction ------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: Calculates the for the each array element of the variable A the sum value for that element in the current team; if RESULT_IMAGE has the value 0, the result shall be stored on all images, otherwise, only - on the specified image. This function operates on numeric values. + on the specified image. This function operates on numeric values. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_co_sum (gfc_descriptor_t *a, int result_image, + `void _gfortran_caf_co_sum (gfc_descriptor_t *a, int result_image, int *stat, char *errmsg, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the data - to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or to be - received (other images). + A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the + data to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or + to be received (other images). RESULT_IMAGEThe ID of the image to which the reduced value - should be copied to; if zero, it has to be - copied to all images. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + should be copied to; if zero, it has to be + copied to all images. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. _NOTES_ If RESULT_IMAGE is nonzero, the value on all images except of the @@ -5055,54 +5102,55 @@ _NOTES_ File: gfortran.info, Node: _gfortran_caf_co_reduce, Prev: _gfortran_caf_co_sum, Up: Function ABI Documentation -8.2.25 '_gfortran_caf_co_reduce' -- Generic collective reduction +8.2.25 `_gfortran_caf_co_reduce' -- Generic collective reduction ---------------------------------------------------------------- _Description_: Calculates the for the each array element of the variable A the reduction value for that element in the current team; if RESULT_IMAGE has the value 0, the result shall be stored on all - images, otherwise, only on the specified image. The OPR is a pure + images, otherwise, only on the specified image. The OPR is a pure function doing a mathematically commutative and associative operation. The OPR_FLAGS denote the following; the values are bitwise ored. - 'GFC_CAF_BYREF' (1) if the result should be returned by value; - 'GFC_CAF_HIDDENLEN' (2) whether the result and argument string - lengths shall be specified as hidden argument; 'GFC_CAF_ARG_VALUE' + `GFC_CAF_BYREF' (1) if the result should be returned by value; + `GFC_CAF_HIDDENLEN' (2) whether the result and argument string + lengths shall be specified as hidden argument; `GFC_CAF_ARG_VALUE' (4) whether the arguments shall be passed by value, - 'GFC_CAF_ARG_DESC' (8) whether the arguments shall be passed by + `GFC_CAF_ARG_DESC' (8) whether the arguments shall be passed by descriptor. _Syntax_: - 'void _gfortran_caf_co_reduce (gfc_descriptor_t *a, void * (*opr) + `void _gfortran_caf_co_reduce (gfc_descriptor_t *a, void * (*opr) (void *, void *), int opr_flags, int result_image, int *stat, char *errmsg, int a_len, int errmsg_len)' _Arguments_: - OPR Function pointer to the reduction function. - OPR_FLAGS Flags regarding the reduction function - A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the data - to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or to be - received (other images). + OPR Function pointer to the reduction function. + OPR_FLAGS Flags regarding the reduction function + A intent(inout) And array descriptor with the + data to be breoadcasted (on SOURCE_IMAGE) or + to be received (other images). RESULT_IMAGEThe ID of the image to which the reduced value - should be copied to; if zero, it has to be - copied to all images. - STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be - NULL. - ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be - set to an error message; may be NULL - A_LEN The string length of argument A. - ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. + should be copied to; if zero, it has to be + copied to all images. + STAT intent(out) Stores the status STAT= and may be + NULL. + ERRMSG intent(out) When an error occurs, this will be + set to an error message; may be NULL + A_LEN The string length of argument A. + ERRMSG_LEN the buffer size of errmsg. _NOTES_ If RESULT_IMAGE is nonzero, the value on all images except of the specified one become undefined; hence, the library may make use of this. For character arguments, the result is passed as first argument, followed by the result string length, next come the two - string arguments, followed by the two hidden arguments. With C - binding, there are no hidden arguments and by-reference passing and - either only a single character is passed or an array descriptor. + string arguments, followed by the two hidden arguments. With C + binding, there are no hidden arguments and by-reference passing + and either only a single character is passed or an array + descriptor. File: gfortran.info, Node: Intrinsic Procedures, Next: Intrinsic Modules, Prev: Coarray Programming, Up: Top @@ -5113,276 +5161,276 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Intrinsic Procedures, Next: Intrinsic Modules, Pre * Menu: * Introduction: Introduction to Intrinsics -* 'ABORT': ABORT, Abort the program -* 'ABS': ABS, Absolute value -* 'ACCESS': ACCESS, Checks file access modes -* 'ACHAR': ACHAR, Character in ASCII collating sequence -* 'ACOS': ACOS, Arccosine function -* 'ACOSH': ACOSH, Inverse hyperbolic cosine function -* 'ADJUSTL': ADJUSTL, Left adjust a string -* 'ADJUSTR': ADJUSTR, Right adjust a string -* 'AIMAG': AIMAG, Imaginary part of complex number -* 'AINT': AINT, Truncate to a whole number -* 'ALARM': ALARM, Set an alarm clock -* 'ALL': ALL, Determine if all values are true -* 'ALLOCATED': ALLOCATED, Status of allocatable entity -* 'AND': AND, Bitwise logical AND -* 'ANINT': ANINT, Nearest whole number -* 'ANY': ANY, Determine if any values are true -* 'ASIN': ASIN, Arcsine function -* 'ASINH': ASINH, Inverse hyperbolic sine function -* 'ASSOCIATED': ASSOCIATED, Status of a pointer or pointer/target pair -* 'ATAN': ATAN, Arctangent function -* 'ATAN2': ATAN2, Arctangent function -* 'ATANH': ATANH, Inverse hyperbolic tangent function -* 'ATOMIC_ADD': ATOMIC_ADD, Atomic ADD operation -* 'ATOMIC_AND': ATOMIC_AND, Atomic bitwise AND operation -* 'ATOMIC_CAS': ATOMIC_CAS, Atomic compare and swap -* 'ATOMIC_DEFINE': ATOMIC_DEFINE, Setting a variable atomically -* 'ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD': ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD, Atomic ADD operation with prior fetch -* 'ATOMIC_FETCH_AND': ATOMIC_FETCH_AND, Atomic bitwise AND operation with prior fetch -* 'ATOMIC_FETCH_OR': ATOMIC_FETCH_OR, Atomic bitwise OR operation with prior fetch -* 'ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR': ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR, Atomic bitwise XOR operation with prior fetch -* 'ATOMIC_OR': ATOMIC_OR, Atomic bitwise OR operation -* 'ATOMIC_REF': ATOMIC_REF, Obtaining the value of a variable atomically -* 'ATOMIC_XOR': ATOMIC_XOR, Atomic bitwise OR operation -* 'BACKTRACE': BACKTRACE, Show a backtrace -* 'BESSEL_J0': BESSEL_J0, Bessel function of the first kind of order 0 -* 'BESSEL_J1': BESSEL_J1, Bessel function of the first kind of order 1 -* 'BESSEL_JN': BESSEL_JN, Bessel function of the first kind -* 'BESSEL_Y0': BESSEL_Y0, Bessel function of the second kind of order 0 -* 'BESSEL_Y1': BESSEL_Y1, Bessel function of the second kind of order 1 -* 'BESSEL_YN': BESSEL_YN, Bessel function of the second kind -* 'BGE': BGE, Bitwise greater than or equal to -* 'BGT': BGT, Bitwise greater than -* 'BIT_SIZE': BIT_SIZE, Bit size inquiry function -* 'BLE': BLE, Bitwise less than or equal to -* 'BLT': BLT, Bitwise less than -* 'BTEST': BTEST, Bit test function -* 'C_ASSOCIATED': C_ASSOCIATED, Status of a C pointer -* 'C_F_POINTER': C_F_POINTER, Convert C into Fortran pointer -* 'C_F_PROCPOINTER': C_F_PROCPOINTER, Convert C into Fortran procedure pointer -* 'C_FUNLOC': C_FUNLOC, Obtain the C address of a procedure -* 'C_LOC': C_LOC, Obtain the C address of an object -* 'C_SIZEOF': C_SIZEOF, Size in bytes of an expression -* 'CEILING': CEILING, Integer ceiling function -* 'CHAR': CHAR, Integer-to-character conversion function -* 'CHDIR': CHDIR, Change working directory -* 'CHMOD': CHMOD, Change access permissions of files -* 'CMPLX': CMPLX, Complex conversion function -* 'CO_BROADCAST': CO_BROADCAST, Copy a value to all images the current set of images -* 'CO_MAX': CO_MAX, Maximal value on the current set of images -* 'CO_MIN': CO_MIN, Minimal value on the current set of images -* 'CO_REDUCE': CO_REDUCE, Reduction of values on the current set of images -* 'CO_SUM': CO_SUM, Sum of values on the current set of images -* 'COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT': COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT, Get number of command line arguments -* 'COMPILER_OPTIONS': COMPILER_OPTIONS, Options passed to the compiler -* 'COMPILER_VERSION': COMPILER_VERSION, Compiler version string -* 'COMPLEX': COMPLEX, Complex conversion function -* 'CONJG': CONJG, Complex conjugate function -* 'COS': COS, Cosine function -* 'COSH': COSH, Hyperbolic cosine function -* 'COUNT': COUNT, Count occurrences of TRUE in an array -* 'CPU_TIME': CPU_TIME, CPU time subroutine -* 'CSHIFT': CSHIFT, Circular shift elements of an array -* 'CTIME': CTIME, Subroutine (or function) to convert a time into a string -* 'DATE_AND_TIME': DATE_AND_TIME, Date and time subroutine -* 'DBLE': DBLE, Double precision conversion function -* 'DCMPLX': DCMPLX, Double complex conversion function -* 'DIGITS': DIGITS, Significant digits function -* 'DIM': DIM, Positive difference -* 'DOT_PRODUCT': DOT_PRODUCT, Dot product function -* 'DPROD': DPROD, Double product function -* 'DREAL': DREAL, Double real part function -* 'DSHIFTL': DSHIFTL, Combined left shift -* 'DSHIFTR': DSHIFTR, Combined right shift -* 'DTIME': DTIME, Execution time subroutine (or function) -* 'EOSHIFT': EOSHIFT, End-off shift elements of an array -* 'EPSILON': EPSILON, Epsilon function -* 'ERF': ERF, Error function -* 'ERFC': ERFC, Complementary error function -* 'ERFC_SCALED': ERFC_SCALED, Exponentially-scaled complementary error function -* 'ETIME': ETIME, Execution time subroutine (or function) -* 'EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE': EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE, Execute a shell command -* 'EXIT': EXIT, Exit the program with status. -* 'EXP': EXP, Exponential function -* 'EXPONENT': EXPONENT, Exponent function -* 'EXTENDS_TYPE_OF': EXTENDS_TYPE_OF, Query dynamic type for extension -* 'FDATE': FDATE, Subroutine (or function) to get the current time as a string -* 'FGET': FGET, Read a single character in stream mode from stdin -* 'FGETC': FGETC, Read a single character in stream mode -* 'FLOOR': FLOOR, Integer floor function -* 'FLUSH': FLUSH, Flush I/O unit(s) -* 'FNUM': FNUM, File number function -* 'FPUT': FPUT, Write a single character in stream mode to stdout -* 'FPUTC': FPUTC, Write a single character in stream mode -* 'FRACTION': FRACTION, Fractional part of the model representation -* 'FREE': FREE, Memory de-allocation subroutine -* 'FSEEK': FSEEK, Low level file positioning subroutine -* 'FSTAT': FSTAT, Get file status -* 'FTELL': FTELL, Current stream position -* 'GAMMA': GAMMA, Gamma function -* 'GERROR': GERROR, Get last system error message -* 'GETARG': GETARG, Get command line arguments -* 'GET_COMMAND': GET_COMMAND, Get the entire command line -* 'GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT': GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT, Get command line arguments -* 'GETCWD': GETCWD, Get current working directory -* 'GETENV': GETENV, Get an environmental variable -* 'GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE': GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE, Get an environmental variable -* 'GETGID': GETGID, Group ID function -* 'GETLOG': GETLOG, Get login name -* 'GETPID': GETPID, Process ID function -* 'GETUID': GETUID, User ID function -* 'GMTIME': GMTIME, Convert time to GMT info -* 'HOSTNM': HOSTNM, Get system host name -* 'HUGE': HUGE, Largest number of a kind -* 'HYPOT': HYPOT, Euclidean distance function -* 'IACHAR': IACHAR, Code in ASCII collating sequence -* 'IALL': IALL, Bitwise AND of array elements -* 'IAND': IAND, Bitwise logical and -* 'IANY': IANY, Bitwise OR of array elements -* 'IARGC': IARGC, Get the number of command line arguments -* 'IBCLR': IBCLR, Clear bit -* 'IBITS': IBITS, Bit extraction -* 'IBSET': IBSET, Set bit -* 'ICHAR': ICHAR, Character-to-integer conversion function -* 'IDATE': IDATE, Current local time (day/month/year) -* 'IEOR': IEOR, Bitwise logical exclusive or -* 'IERRNO': IERRNO, Function to get the last system error number -* 'IMAGE_INDEX': IMAGE_INDEX, Cosubscript to image index conversion -* 'INDEX': INDEX intrinsic, Position of a substring within a string -* 'INT': INT, Convert to integer type -* 'INT2': INT2, Convert to 16-bit integer type -* 'INT8': INT8, Convert to 64-bit integer type -* 'IOR': IOR, Bitwise logical or -* 'IPARITY': IPARITY, Bitwise XOR of array elements -* 'IRAND': IRAND, Integer pseudo-random number -* 'IS_IOSTAT_END': IS_IOSTAT_END, Test for end-of-file value -* 'IS_IOSTAT_EOR': IS_IOSTAT_EOR, Test for end-of-record value -* 'ISATTY': ISATTY, Whether a unit is a terminal device -* 'ISHFT': ISHFT, Shift bits -* 'ISHFTC': ISHFTC, Shift bits circularly -* 'ISNAN': ISNAN, Tests for a NaN -* 'ITIME': ITIME, Current local time (hour/minutes/seconds) -* 'KILL': KILL, Send a signal to a process -* 'KIND': KIND, Kind of an entity -* 'LBOUND': LBOUND, Lower dimension bounds of an array -* 'LCOBOUND': LCOBOUND, Lower codimension bounds of an array -* 'LEADZ': LEADZ, Number of leading zero bits of an integer -* 'LEN': LEN, Length of a character entity -* 'LEN_TRIM': LEN_TRIM, Length of a character entity without trailing blank characters -* 'LGE': LGE, Lexical greater than or equal -* 'LGT': LGT, Lexical greater than -* 'LINK': LINK, Create a hard link -* 'LLE': LLE, Lexical less than or equal -* 'LLT': LLT, Lexical less than -* 'LNBLNK': LNBLNK, Index of the last non-blank character in a string -* 'LOC': LOC, Returns the address of a variable -* 'LOG': LOG, Logarithm function -* 'LOG10': LOG10, Base 10 logarithm function -* 'LOG_GAMMA': LOG_GAMMA, Logarithm of the Gamma function -* 'LOGICAL': LOGICAL, Convert to logical type -* 'LONG': LONG, Convert to integer type -* 'LSHIFT': LSHIFT, Left shift bits -* 'LSTAT': LSTAT, Get file status -* 'LTIME': LTIME, Convert time to local time info -* 'MALLOC': MALLOC, Dynamic memory allocation function -* 'MASKL': MASKL, Left justified mask -* 'MASKR': MASKR, Right justified mask -* 'MATMUL': MATMUL, matrix multiplication -* 'MAX': MAX, Maximum value of an argument list -* 'MAXEXPONENT': MAXEXPONENT, Maximum exponent of a real kind -* 'MAXLOC': MAXLOC, Location of the maximum value within an array -* 'MAXVAL': MAXVAL, Maximum value of an array -* 'MCLOCK': MCLOCK, Time function -* 'MCLOCK8': MCLOCK8, Time function (64-bit) -* 'MERGE': MERGE, Merge arrays -* 'MERGE_BITS': MERGE_BITS, Merge of bits under mask -* 'MIN': MIN, Minimum value of an argument list -* 'MINEXPONENT': MINEXPONENT, Minimum exponent of a real kind -* 'MINLOC': MINLOC, Location of the minimum value within an array -* 'MINVAL': MINVAL, Minimum value of an array -* 'MOD': MOD, Remainder function -* 'MODULO': MODULO, Modulo function -* 'MOVE_ALLOC': MOVE_ALLOC, Move allocation from one object to another -* 'MVBITS': MVBITS, Move bits from one integer to another -* 'NEAREST': NEAREST, Nearest representable number -* 'NEW_LINE': NEW_LINE, New line character -* 'NINT': NINT, Nearest whole number -* 'NORM2': NORM2, Euclidean vector norm -* 'NOT': NOT, Logical negation -* 'NULL': NULL, Function that returns an disassociated pointer -* 'NUM_IMAGES': NUM_IMAGES, Number of images -* 'OR': OR, Bitwise logical OR -* 'PACK': PACK, Pack an array into an array of rank one -* 'PARITY': PARITY, Reduction with exclusive OR -* 'PERROR': PERROR, Print system error message -* 'POPCNT': POPCNT, Number of bits set -* 'POPPAR': POPPAR, Parity of the number of bits set -* 'PRECISION': PRECISION, Decimal precision of a real kind -* 'PRESENT': PRESENT, Determine whether an optional dummy argument is specified -* 'PRODUCT': PRODUCT, Product of array elements -* 'RADIX': RADIX, Base of a data model -* 'RAN': RAN, Real pseudo-random number -* 'RAND': RAND, Real pseudo-random number -* 'RANDOM_NUMBER': RANDOM_NUMBER, Pseudo-random number -* 'RANDOM_SEED': RANDOM_SEED, Initialize a pseudo-random number sequence -* 'RANGE': RANGE, Decimal exponent range -* 'RANK' : RANK, Rank of a data object -* 'REAL': REAL, Convert to real type -* 'RENAME': RENAME, Rename a file -* 'REPEAT': REPEAT, Repeated string concatenation -* 'RESHAPE': RESHAPE, Function to reshape an array -* 'RRSPACING': RRSPACING, Reciprocal of the relative spacing -* 'RSHIFT': RSHIFT, Right shift bits -* 'SAME_TYPE_AS': SAME_TYPE_AS, Query dynamic types for equality -* 'SCALE': SCALE, Scale a real value -* 'SCAN': SCAN, Scan a string for the presence of a set of characters -* 'SECNDS': SECNDS, Time function -* 'SECOND': SECOND, CPU time function -* 'SELECTED_CHAR_KIND': SELECTED_CHAR_KIND, Choose character kind -* 'SELECTED_INT_KIND': SELECTED_INT_KIND, Choose integer kind -* 'SELECTED_REAL_KIND': SELECTED_REAL_KIND, Choose real kind -* 'SET_EXPONENT': SET_EXPONENT, Set the exponent of the model -* 'SHAPE': SHAPE, Determine the shape of an array -* 'SHIFTA': SHIFTA, Right shift with fill -* 'SHIFTL': SHIFTL, Left shift -* 'SHIFTR': SHIFTR, Right shift -* 'SIGN': SIGN, Sign copying function -* 'SIGNAL': SIGNAL, Signal handling subroutine (or function) -* 'SIN': SIN, Sine function -* 'SINH': SINH, Hyperbolic sine function -* 'SIZE': SIZE, Function to determine the size of an array -* 'SIZEOF': SIZEOF, Determine the size in bytes of an expression -* 'SLEEP': SLEEP, Sleep for the specified number of seconds -* 'SPACING': SPACING, Smallest distance between two numbers of a given type -* 'SPREAD': SPREAD, Add a dimension to an array -* 'SQRT': SQRT, Square-root function -* 'SRAND': SRAND, Reinitialize the random number generator -* 'STAT': STAT, Get file status -* 'STORAGE_SIZE': STORAGE_SIZE, Storage size in bits -* 'SUM': SUM, Sum of array elements -* 'SYMLNK': SYMLNK, Create a symbolic link -* 'SYSTEM': SYSTEM, Execute a shell command -* 'SYSTEM_CLOCK': SYSTEM_CLOCK, Time function -* 'TAN': TAN, Tangent function -* 'TANH': TANH, Hyperbolic tangent function -* 'THIS_IMAGE': THIS_IMAGE, Cosubscript index of this image -* 'TIME': TIME, Time function -* 'TIME8': TIME8, Time function (64-bit) -* 'TINY': TINY, Smallest positive number of a real kind -* 'TRAILZ': TRAILZ, Number of trailing zero bits of an integer -* 'TRANSFER': TRANSFER, Transfer bit patterns -* 'TRANSPOSE': TRANSPOSE, Transpose an array of rank two -* 'TRIM': TRIM, Remove trailing blank characters of a string -* 'TTYNAM': TTYNAM, Get the name of a terminal device. -* 'UBOUND': UBOUND, Upper dimension bounds of an array -* 'UCOBOUND': UCOBOUND, Upper codimension bounds of an array -* 'UMASK': UMASK, Set the file creation mask -* 'UNLINK': UNLINK, Remove a file from the file system -* 'UNPACK': UNPACK, Unpack an array of rank one into an array -* 'VERIFY': VERIFY, Scan a string for the absence of a set of characters -* 'XOR': XOR, Bitwise logical exclusive or +* `ABORT': ABORT, Abort the program +* `ABS': ABS, Absolute value +* `ACCESS': ACCESS, Checks file access modes +* `ACHAR': ACHAR, Character in ASCII collating sequence +* `ACOS': ACOS, Arccosine function +* `ACOSH': ACOSH, Inverse hyperbolic cosine function +* `ADJUSTL': ADJUSTL, Left adjust a string +* `ADJUSTR': ADJUSTR, Right adjust a string +* `AIMAG': AIMAG, Imaginary part of complex number +* `AINT': AINT, Truncate to a whole number +* `ALARM': ALARM, Set an alarm clock +* `ALL': ALL, Determine if all values are true +* `ALLOCATED': ALLOCATED, Status of allocatable entity +* `AND': AND, Bitwise logical AND +* `ANINT': ANINT, Nearest whole number +* `ANY': ANY, Determine if any values are true +* `ASIN': ASIN, Arcsine function +* `ASINH': ASINH, Inverse hyperbolic sine function +* `ASSOCIATED': ASSOCIATED, Status of a pointer or pointer/target pair +* `ATAN': ATAN, Arctangent function +* `ATAN2': ATAN2, Arctangent function +* `ATANH': ATANH, Inverse hyperbolic tangent function +* `ATOMIC_ADD': ATOMIC_ADD, Atomic ADD operation +* `ATOMIC_AND': ATOMIC_AND, Atomic bitwise AND operation +* `ATOMIC_CAS': ATOMIC_CAS, Atomic compare and swap +* `ATOMIC_DEFINE': ATOMIC_DEFINE, Setting a variable atomically +* `ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD': ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD, Atomic ADD operation with prior fetch +* `ATOMIC_FETCH_AND': ATOMIC_FETCH_AND, Atomic bitwise AND operation with prior fetch +* `ATOMIC_FETCH_OR': ATOMIC_FETCH_OR, Atomic bitwise OR operation with prior fetch +* `ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR': ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR, Atomic bitwise XOR operation with prior fetch +* `ATOMIC_OR': ATOMIC_OR, Atomic bitwise OR operation +* `ATOMIC_REF': ATOMIC_REF, Obtaining the value of a variable atomically +* `ATOMIC_XOR': ATOMIC_XOR, Atomic bitwise OR operation +* `BACKTRACE': BACKTRACE, Show a backtrace +* `BESSEL_J0': BESSEL_J0, Bessel function of the first kind of order 0 +* `BESSEL_J1': BESSEL_J1, Bessel function of the first kind of order 1 +* `BESSEL_JN': BESSEL_JN, Bessel function of the first kind +* `BESSEL_Y0': BESSEL_Y0, Bessel function of the second kind of order 0 +* `BESSEL_Y1': BESSEL_Y1, Bessel function of the second kind of order 1 +* `BESSEL_YN': BESSEL_YN, Bessel function of the second kind +* `BGE': BGE, Bitwise greater than or equal to +* `BGT': BGT, Bitwise greater than +* `BIT_SIZE': BIT_SIZE, Bit size inquiry function +* `BLE': BLE, Bitwise less than or equal to +* `BLT': BLT, Bitwise less than +* `BTEST': BTEST, Bit test function +* `C_ASSOCIATED': C_ASSOCIATED, Status of a C pointer +* `C_F_POINTER': C_F_POINTER, Convert C into Fortran pointer +* `C_F_PROCPOINTER': C_F_PROCPOINTER, Convert C into Fortran procedure pointer +* `C_FUNLOC': C_FUNLOC, Obtain the C address of a procedure +* `C_LOC': C_LOC, Obtain the C address of an object +* `C_SIZEOF': C_SIZEOF, Size in bytes of an expression +* `CEILING': CEILING, Integer ceiling function +* `CHAR': CHAR, Integer-to-character conversion function +* `CHDIR': CHDIR, Change working directory +* `CHMOD': CHMOD, Change access permissions of files +* `CMPLX': CMPLX, Complex conversion function +* `CO_BROADCAST': CO_BROADCAST, Copy a value to all images the current set of images +* `CO_MAX': CO_MAX, Maximal value on the current set of images +* `CO_MIN': CO_MIN, Minimal value on the current set of images +* `CO_REDUCE': CO_REDUCE, Reduction of values on the current set of images +* `CO_SUM': CO_SUM, Sum of values on the current set of images +* `COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT': COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT, Get number of command line arguments +* `COMPILER_OPTIONS': COMPILER_OPTIONS, Options passed to the compiler +* `COMPILER_VERSION': COMPILER_VERSION, Compiler version string +* `COMPLEX': COMPLEX, Complex conversion function +* `CONJG': CONJG, Complex conjugate function +* `COS': COS, Cosine function +* `COSH': COSH, Hyperbolic cosine function +* `COUNT': COUNT, Count occurrences of TRUE in an array +* `CPU_TIME': CPU_TIME, CPU time subroutine +* `CSHIFT': CSHIFT, Circular shift elements of an array +* `CTIME': CTIME, Subroutine (or function) to convert a time into a string +* `DATE_AND_TIME': DATE_AND_TIME, Date and time subroutine +* `DBLE': DBLE, Double precision conversion function +* `DCMPLX': DCMPLX, Double complex conversion function +* `DIGITS': DIGITS, Significant digits function +* `DIM': DIM, Positive difference +* `DOT_PRODUCT': DOT_PRODUCT, Dot product function +* `DPROD': DPROD, Double product function +* `DREAL': DREAL, Double real part function +* `DSHIFTL': DSHIFTL, Combined left shift +* `DSHIFTR': DSHIFTR, Combined right shift +* `DTIME': DTIME, Execution time subroutine (or function) +* `EOSHIFT': EOSHIFT, End-off shift elements of an array +* `EPSILON': EPSILON, Epsilon function +* `ERF': ERF, Error function +* `ERFC': ERFC, Complementary error function +* `ERFC_SCALED': ERFC_SCALED, Exponentially-scaled complementary error function +* `ETIME': ETIME, Execution time subroutine (or function) +* `EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE': EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE, Execute a shell command +* `EXIT': EXIT, Exit the program with status. +* `EXP': EXP, Exponential function +* `EXPONENT': EXPONENT, Exponent function +* `EXTENDS_TYPE_OF': EXTENDS_TYPE_OF, Query dynamic type for extension +* `FDATE': FDATE, Subroutine (or function) to get the current time as a string +* `FGET': FGET, Read a single character in stream mode from stdin +* `FGETC': FGETC, Read a single character in stream mode +* `FLOOR': FLOOR, Integer floor function +* `FLUSH': FLUSH, Flush I/O unit(s) +* `FNUM': FNUM, File number function +* `FPUT': FPUT, Write a single character in stream mode to stdout +* `FPUTC': FPUTC, Write a single character in stream mode +* `FRACTION': FRACTION, Fractional part of the model representation +* `FREE': FREE, Memory de-allocation subroutine +* `FSEEK': FSEEK, Low level file positioning subroutine +* `FSTAT': FSTAT, Get file status +* `FTELL': FTELL, Current stream position +* `GAMMA': GAMMA, Gamma function +* `GERROR': GERROR, Get last system error message +* `GETARG': GETARG, Get command line arguments +* `GET_COMMAND': GET_COMMAND, Get the entire command line +* `GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT': GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT, Get command line arguments +* `GETCWD': GETCWD, Get current working directory +* `GETENV': GETENV, Get an environmental variable +* `GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE': GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE, Get an environmental variable +* `GETGID': GETGID, Group ID function +* `GETLOG': GETLOG, Get login name +* `GETPID': GETPID, Process ID function +* `GETUID': GETUID, User ID function +* `GMTIME': GMTIME, Convert time to GMT info +* `HOSTNM': HOSTNM, Get system host name +* `HUGE': HUGE, Largest number of a kind +* `HYPOT': HYPOT, Euclidean distance function +* `IACHAR': IACHAR, Code in ASCII collating sequence +* `IALL': IALL, Bitwise AND of array elements +* `IAND': IAND, Bitwise logical and +* `IANY': IANY, Bitwise OR of array elements +* `IARGC': IARGC, Get the number of command line arguments +* `IBCLR': IBCLR, Clear bit +* `IBITS': IBITS, Bit extraction +* `IBSET': IBSET, Set bit +* `ICHAR': ICHAR, Character-to-integer conversion function +* `IDATE': IDATE, Current local time (day/month/year) +* `IEOR': IEOR, Bitwise logical exclusive or +* `IERRNO': IERRNO, Function to get the last system error number +* `IMAGE_INDEX': IMAGE_INDEX, Cosubscript to image index conversion +* `INDEX': INDEX intrinsic, Position of a substring within a string +* `INT': INT, Convert to integer type +* `INT2': INT2, Convert to 16-bit integer type +* `INT8': INT8, Convert to 64-bit integer type +* `IOR': IOR, Bitwise logical or +* `IPARITY': IPARITY, Bitwise XOR of array elements +* `IRAND': IRAND, Integer pseudo-random number +* `IS_IOSTAT_END': IS_IOSTAT_END, Test for end-of-file value +* `IS_IOSTAT_EOR': IS_IOSTAT_EOR, Test for end-of-record value +* `ISATTY': ISATTY, Whether a unit is a terminal device +* `ISHFT': ISHFT, Shift bits +* `ISHFTC': ISHFTC, Shift bits circularly +* `ISNAN': ISNAN, Tests for a NaN +* `ITIME': ITIME, Current local time (hour/minutes/seconds) +* `KILL': KILL, Send a signal to a process +* `KIND': KIND, Kind of an entity +* `LBOUND': LBOUND, Lower dimension bounds of an array +* `LCOBOUND': LCOBOUND, Lower codimension bounds of an array +* `LEADZ': LEADZ, Number of leading zero bits of an integer +* `LEN': LEN, Length of a character entity +* `LEN_TRIM': LEN_TRIM, Length of a character entity without trailing blank characters +* `LGE': LGE, Lexical greater than or equal +* `LGT': LGT, Lexical greater than +* `LINK': LINK, Create a hard link +* `LLE': LLE, Lexical less than or equal +* `LLT': LLT, Lexical less than +* `LNBLNK': LNBLNK, Index of the last non-blank character in a string +* `LOC': LOC, Returns the address of a variable +* `LOG': LOG, Logarithm function +* `LOG10': LOG10, Base 10 logarithm function +* `LOG_GAMMA': LOG_GAMMA, Logarithm of the Gamma function +* `LOGICAL': LOGICAL, Convert to logical type +* `LONG': LONG, Convert to integer type +* `LSHIFT': LSHIFT, Left shift bits +* `LSTAT': LSTAT, Get file status +* `LTIME': LTIME, Convert time to local time info +* `MALLOC': MALLOC, Dynamic memory allocation function +* `MASKL': MASKL, Left justified mask +* `MASKR': MASKR, Right justified mask +* `MATMUL': MATMUL, matrix multiplication +* `MAX': MAX, Maximum value of an argument list +* `MAXEXPONENT': MAXEXPONENT, Maximum exponent of a real kind +* `MAXLOC': MAXLOC, Location of the maximum value within an array +* `MAXVAL': MAXVAL, Maximum value of an array +* `MCLOCK': MCLOCK, Time function +* `MCLOCK8': MCLOCK8, Time function (64-bit) +* `MERGE': MERGE, Merge arrays +* `MERGE_BITS': MERGE_BITS, Merge of bits under mask +* `MIN': MIN, Minimum value of an argument list +* `MINEXPONENT': MINEXPONENT, Minimum exponent of a real kind +* `MINLOC': MINLOC, Location of the minimum value within an array +* `MINVAL': MINVAL, Minimum value of an array +* `MOD': MOD, Remainder function +* `MODULO': MODULO, Modulo function +* `MOVE_ALLOC': MOVE_ALLOC, Move allocation from one object to another +* `MVBITS': MVBITS, Move bits from one integer to another +* `NEAREST': NEAREST, Nearest representable number +* `NEW_LINE': NEW_LINE, New line character +* `NINT': NINT, Nearest whole number +* `NORM2': NORM2, Euclidean vector norm +* `NOT': NOT, Logical negation +* `NULL': NULL, Function that returns an disassociated pointer +* `NUM_IMAGES': NUM_IMAGES, Number of images +* `OR': OR, Bitwise logical OR +* `PACK': PACK, Pack an array into an array of rank one +* `PARITY': PARITY, Reduction with exclusive OR +* `PERROR': PERROR, Print system error message +* `POPCNT': POPCNT, Number of bits set +* `POPPAR': POPPAR, Parity of the number of bits set +* `PRECISION': PRECISION, Decimal precision of a real kind +* `PRESENT': PRESENT, Determine whether an optional dummy argument is specified +* `PRODUCT': PRODUCT, Product of array elements +* `RADIX': RADIX, Base of a data model +* `RAN': RAN, Real pseudo-random number +* `RAND': RAND, Real pseudo-random number +* `RANDOM_NUMBER': RANDOM_NUMBER, Pseudo-random number +* `RANDOM_SEED': RANDOM_SEED, Initialize a pseudo-random number sequence +* `RANGE': RANGE, Decimal exponent range +* `RANK' : RANK, Rank of a data object +* `REAL': REAL, Convert to real type +* `RENAME': RENAME, Rename a file +* `REPEAT': REPEAT, Repeated string concatenation +* `RESHAPE': RESHAPE, Function to reshape an array +* `RRSPACING': RRSPACING, Reciprocal of the relative spacing +* `RSHIFT': RSHIFT, Right shift bits +* `SAME_TYPE_AS': SAME_TYPE_AS, Query dynamic types for equality +* `SCALE': SCALE, Scale a real value +* `SCAN': SCAN, Scan a string for the presence of a set of characters +* `SECNDS': SECNDS, Time function +* `SECOND': SECOND, CPU time function +* `SELECTED_CHAR_KIND': SELECTED_CHAR_KIND, Choose character kind +* `SELECTED_INT_KIND': SELECTED_INT_KIND, Choose integer kind +* `SELECTED_REAL_KIND': SELECTED_REAL_KIND, Choose real kind +* `SET_EXPONENT': SET_EXPONENT, Set the exponent of the model +* `SHAPE': SHAPE, Determine the shape of an array +* `SHIFTA': SHIFTA, Right shift with fill +* `SHIFTL': SHIFTL, Left shift +* `SHIFTR': SHIFTR, Right shift +* `SIGN': SIGN, Sign copying function +* `SIGNAL': SIGNAL, Signal handling subroutine (or function) +* `SIN': SIN, Sine function +* `SINH': SINH, Hyperbolic sine function +* `SIZE': SIZE, Function to determine the size of an array +* `SIZEOF': SIZEOF, Determine the size in bytes of an expression +* `SLEEP': SLEEP, Sleep for the specified number of seconds +* `SPACING': SPACING, Smallest distance between two numbers of a given type +* `SPREAD': SPREAD, Add a dimension to an array +* `SQRT': SQRT, Square-root function +* `SRAND': SRAND, Reinitialize the random number generator +* `STAT': STAT, Get file status +* `STORAGE_SIZE': STORAGE_SIZE, Storage size in bits +* `SUM': SUM, Sum of array elements +* `SYMLNK': SYMLNK, Create a symbolic link +* `SYSTEM': SYSTEM, Execute a shell command +* `SYSTEM_CLOCK': SYSTEM_CLOCK, Time function +* `TAN': TAN, Tangent function +* `TANH': TANH, Hyperbolic tangent function +* `THIS_IMAGE': THIS_IMAGE, Cosubscript index of this image +* `TIME': TIME, Time function +* `TIME8': TIME8, Time function (64-bit) +* `TINY': TINY, Smallest positive number of a real kind +* `TRAILZ': TRAILZ, Number of trailing zero bits of an integer +* `TRANSFER': TRANSFER, Transfer bit patterns +* `TRANSPOSE': TRANSPOSE, Transpose an array of rank two +* `TRIM': TRIM, Remove trailing blank characters of a string +* `TTYNAM': TTYNAM, Get the name of a terminal device. +* `UBOUND': UBOUND, Upper dimension bounds of an array +* `UCOBOUND': UCOBOUND, Upper codimension bounds of an array +* `UMASK': UMASK, Set the file creation mask +* `UNLINK': UNLINK, Remove a file from the file system +* `UNPACK': UNPACK, Unpack an array of rank one into an array +* `VERIFY': VERIFY, Scan a string for the absence of a set of characters +* `XOR': XOR, Bitwise logical exclusive or File: gfortran.info, Node: Introduction to Intrinsics, Next: ABORT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures @@ -5399,44 +5447,44 @@ either the Fortran 95 standard, the Fortran 2003 standard or the Fortran 2008 standard is unintentional, and the standard(s) should be considered authoritative. - The enumeration of the 'KIND' type parameter is processor defined in + The enumeration of the `KIND' type parameter is processor defined in the Fortran 95 standard. GNU Fortran defines the default integer type -and default real type by 'INTEGER(KIND=4)' and 'REAL(KIND=4)', +and default real type by `INTEGER(KIND=4)' and `REAL(KIND=4)', respectively. The standard mandates that both data types shall have another kind, which have more precision. On typical target -architectures supported by 'gfortran', this kind type parameter is -'KIND=8'. Hence, 'REAL(KIND=8)' and 'DOUBLE PRECISION' are equivalent. +architectures supported by `gfortran', this kind type parameter is +`KIND=8'. Hence, `REAL(KIND=8)' and `DOUBLE PRECISION' are equivalent. In the description of generic intrinsic procedures, the kind type -parameter will be specified by 'KIND=*', and in the description of +parameter will be specified by `KIND=*', and in the description of specific names for an intrinsic procedure the kind type parameter will -be explicitly given (e.g., 'REAL(KIND=4)' or 'REAL(KIND=8)'). Finally, -for brevity the optional 'KIND=' syntax will be omitted. +be explicitly given (e.g., `REAL(KIND=4)' or `REAL(KIND=8)'). Finally, +for brevity the optional `KIND=' syntax will be omitted. Many of the intrinsic procedures take one or more optional arguments. This document follows the convention used in the Fortran 95 standard, and denotes such arguments by square brackets. - GNU Fortran offers the '-std=f95' and '-std=gnu' options, which can -be used to restrict the set of intrinsic procedures to a given standard. -By default, 'gfortran' sets the '-std=gnu' option, and so all intrinsic -procedures described here are accepted. There is one caveat. For a -select group of intrinsic procedures, 'g77' implemented both a function -and a subroutine. Both classes have been implemented in 'gfortran' for -backwards compatibility with 'g77'. It is noted here that these -functions and subroutines cannot be intermixed in a given subprogram. -In the descriptions that follow, the applicable standard for each -intrinsic procedure is noted. + GNU Fortran offers the `-std=f95' and `-std=gnu' options, which can +be used to restrict the set of intrinsic procedures to a given +standard. By default, `gfortran' sets the `-std=gnu' option, and so +all intrinsic procedures described here are accepted. There is one +caveat. For a select group of intrinsic procedures, `g77' implemented +both a function and a subroutine. Both classes have been implemented +in `gfortran' for backwards compatibility with `g77'. It is noted here +that these functions and subroutines cannot be intermixed in a given +subprogram. In the descriptions that follow, the applicable standard +for each intrinsic procedure is noted. File: gfortran.info, Node: ABORT, Next: ABS, Prev: Introduction to Intrinsics, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.2 'ABORT' -- Abort the program +9.2 `ABORT' -- Abort the program ================================ _Description_: - 'ABORT' causes immediate termination of the program. On operating - systems that support a core dump, 'ABORT' will produce a core dump. - It will also print a backtrace, unless '-fno-backtrace' is given. + `ABORT' causes immediate termination of the program. On operating + systems that support a core dump, `ABORT' will produce a core dump. + It will also print a backtrace, unless `-fno-backtrace' is given. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -5445,7 +5493,7 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ABORT' + `CALL ABORT' _Return value_: Does not return. @@ -5459,14 +5507,15 @@ _Example_: _See also_: *note EXIT::, *note KILL::, *note BACKTRACE:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: ABS, Next: ACCESS, Prev: ABORT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.3 'ABS' -- Absolute value +9.3 `ABS' -- Absolute value =========================== _Description_: - 'ABS(A)' computes the absolute value of 'A'. + `ABS(A)' computes the absolute value of `A'. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions @@ -5475,15 +5524,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ABS(A)' + `RESULT = ABS(A)' _Arguments_: - A The type of the argument shall be an 'INTEGER', - 'REAL', or 'COMPLEX'. + A The type of the argument shall be an `INTEGER', + `REAL', or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: The return value is of the same type and kind as the argument - except the return value is 'REAL' for a 'COMPLEX' argument. + except the return value is `REAL' for a `COMPLEX' argument. _Example_: program test_abs @@ -5496,30 +5545,30 @@ _Example_: end program test_abs _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'ABS(A)' 'REAL(4) A' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'CABS(A)' 'COMPLEX(4) 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - A' later - 'DABS(A)' 'REAL(8) A' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'IABS(A)' 'INTEGER(4) 'INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and - A' later - 'ZABS(A)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension - A' - 'CDABS(A)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension - A' + Name Argument Return type Standard + `ABS(A)' `REAL(4) A' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `CABS(A)' `COMPLEX(4) `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + A' later + `DABS(A)' `REAL(8) A' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later + `IABS(A)' `INTEGER(4) `INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and + A' later + `ZABS(A)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension + A' + `CDABS(A)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension + A' File: gfortran.info, Node: ACCESS, Next: ACHAR, Prev: ABS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.4 'ACCESS' -- Checks file access modes +9.4 `ACCESS' -- Checks file access modes ======================================== _Description_: - 'ACCESS(NAME, MODE)' checks whether the file NAME exists, is - readable, writable or executable. Except for the executable check, - 'ACCESS' can be replaced by Fortran 95's 'INQUIRE'. + `ACCESS(NAME, MODE)' checks whether the file NAME exists, is + readable, writable or executable. Except for the executable check, + `ACCESS' can be replaced by Fortran 95's `INQUIRE'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -5528,23 +5577,23 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ACCESS(NAME, MODE)' + `RESULT = ACCESS(NAME, MODE)' _Arguments_: - NAME Scalar 'CHARACTER' of default kind with the file - name. Tailing blank are ignored unless the - character 'achar(0)' is present, then all - characters up to and excluding 'achar(0)' are - used as file name. - MODE Scalar 'CHARACTER' of default kind with the file - access mode, may be any concatenation of '"r"' - (readable), '"w"' (writable) and '"x"' - (executable), or '" "' to check for existence. + NAME Scalar `CHARACTER' of default kind with the + file name. Tailing blank are ignored unless + the character `achar(0)' is present, then all + characters up to and excluding `achar(0)' are + used as file name. + MODE Scalar `CHARACTER' of default kind with the + file access mode, may be any concatenation of + `"r"' (readable), `"w"' (writable) and `"x"' + (executable), or `" "' to check for existence. _Return value_: - Returns a scalar 'INTEGER', which is '0' if the file is accessible + Returns a scalar `INTEGER', which is `0' if the file is accessible in the given mode; otherwise or if an invalid argument has been - given for 'MODE' the value '1' is returned. + given for `MODE' the value `1' is returned. _Example_: program access_test @@ -5558,17 +5607,19 @@ _Example_: if(access(file2,'rwx') == 0) & print *, trim(file2),' is readable, writable and executable' end program access_test + _Specific names_: + _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ACHAR, Next: ACOS, Prev: ACCESS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.5 'ACHAR' -- Character in ASCII collating sequence +9.5 `ACHAR' -- Character in ASCII collating sequence ==================================================== _Description_: - 'ACHAR(I)' returns the character located at position 'I' in the + `ACHAR(I)' returns the character located at position `I' in the ASCII collating sequence. _Standard_: @@ -5578,16 +5629,16 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ACHAR(I [, KIND])' + `RESULT = ACHAR(I [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'CHARACTER' with a length of one. If + The return value is of type `CHARACTER' with a length of one. If the KIND argument is present, the return value is of the specified kind and of the default kind otherwise. @@ -5604,14 +5655,15 @@ _Note_: _See also_: *note CHAR::, *note IACHAR::, *note ICHAR:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: ACOS, Next: ACOSH, Prev: ACHAR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.6 'ACOS' -- Arccosine function +9.6 `ACOS' -- Arccosine function ================================ _Description_: - 'ACOS(X)' computes the arccosine of X (inverse of 'COS(X)'). + `ACOS(X)' computes the arccosine of X (inverse of `COS(X)'). _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, for a complex argument Fortran 2008 or later @@ -5620,12 +5672,12 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ACOS(X)' + `RESULT = ACOS(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall either be 'REAL' with a magnitude - that is less than or equal to one - or the type - shall be 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall either be `REAL' with a + magnitude that is less than or equal to one - + or the type shall be `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: The return value is of the same type and kind as X. The real part @@ -5639,23 +5691,24 @@ _Example_: end program test_acos _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'ACOS(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DACOS(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `ACOS(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DACOS(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later _See also_: Inverse function: *note COS:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: ACOSH, Next: ADJUSTL, Prev: ACOS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.7 'ACOSH' -- Inverse hyperbolic cosine function +9.7 `ACOSH' -- Inverse hyperbolic cosine function ================================================= _Description_: - 'ACOSH(X)' computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine of X. + `ACOSH(X)' computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine of X. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -5664,14 +5717,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ACOSH(X)' + `RESULT = ACOSH(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value has the same type and kind as X. If X is complex, - the imaginary part of the result is in radians and lies between 0 + The return value has the same type and kind as X. If X is complex, + the imaginary part of the result is in radians and lies between 0 \leq \Im \acosh(x) \leq \pi. _Example_: @@ -5681,8 +5734,8 @@ _Example_: END PROGRAM _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DACOSH(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DACOSH(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU extension _See also_: Inverse function: *note COSH:: @@ -5690,11 +5743,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ADJUSTL, Next: ADJUSTR, Prev: ACOSH, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.8 'ADJUSTL' -- Left adjust a string +9.8 `ADJUSTL' -- Left adjust a string ===================================== _Description_: - 'ADJUSTL(STRING)' will left adjust a string by removing leading + `ADJUSTL(STRING)' will left adjust a string by removing leading spaces. Spaces are inserted at the end of the string as needed. _Standard_: @@ -5704,13 +5757,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ADJUSTL(STRING)' + `RESULT = ADJUSTL(STRING)' _Arguments_: - STRING The type shall be 'CHARACTER'. + STRING The type shall be `CHARACTER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'CHARACTER' and of the same kind as + The return value is of type `CHARACTER' and of the same kind as STRING where leading spaces are removed and the same number of spaces are inserted on the end of STRING. @@ -5727,11 +5780,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ADJUSTR, Next: AIMAG, Prev: ADJUSTL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.9 'ADJUSTR' -- Right adjust a string +9.9 `ADJUSTR' -- Right adjust a string ====================================== _Description_: - 'ADJUSTR(STRING)' will right adjust a string by removing trailing + `ADJUSTR(STRING)' will right adjust a string by removing trailing spaces. Spaces are inserted at the start of the string as needed. _Standard_: @@ -5741,13 +5794,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ADJUSTR(STRING)' + `RESULT = ADJUSTR(STRING)' _Arguments_: - STR The type shall be 'CHARACTER'. + STR The type shall be `CHARACTER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'CHARACTER' and of the same kind as + The return value is of type `CHARACTER' and of the same kind as STRING where trailing spaces are removed and the same number of spaces are inserted at the start of STRING. @@ -5764,13 +5817,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: AIMAG, Next: AINT, Prev: ADJUSTR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.10 'AIMAG' -- Imaginary part of complex number +9.10 `AIMAG' -- Imaginary part of complex number ================================================ _Description_: - 'AIMAG(Z)' yields the imaginary part of complex argument 'Z'. The - 'IMAG(Z)' and 'IMAGPART(Z)' intrinsic functions are provided for - compatibility with 'g77', and their use in new code is strongly + `AIMAG(Z)' yields the imaginary part of complex argument `Z'. The + `IMAG(Z)' and `IMAGPART(Z)' intrinsic functions are provided for + compatibility with `g77', and their use in new code is strongly discouraged. _Standard_: @@ -5780,13 +5833,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = AIMAG(Z)' + `RESULT = AIMAG(Z)' _Arguments_: - Z The type of the argument shall be 'COMPLEX'. + Z The type of the argument shall be `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' with the kind type parameter of + The return value is of type `REAL' with the kind type parameter of the argument. _Example_: @@ -5799,21 +5852,21 @@ _Example_: end program test_aimag _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'AIMAG(Z)' 'COMPLEX Z' 'REAL' GNU extension - 'DIMAG(Z)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'REAL(8)' GNU extension - Z' - 'IMAG(Z)' 'COMPLEX Z' 'REAL' GNU extension - 'IMAGPART(Z)' 'COMPLEX Z' 'REAL' GNU extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `AIMAG(Z)' `COMPLEX Z' `REAL' GNU extension + `DIMAG(Z)' `COMPLEX(8) `REAL(8)' GNU extension + Z' + `IMAG(Z)' `COMPLEX Z' `REAL' GNU extension + `IMAGPART(Z)' `COMPLEX Z' `REAL' GNU extension File: gfortran.info, Node: AINT, Next: ALARM, Prev: AIMAG, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.11 'AINT' -- Truncate to a whole number +9.11 `AINT' -- Truncate to a whole number ========================================= _Description_: - 'AINT(A [, KIND])' truncates its argument to a whole number. + `AINT(A [, KIND])' truncates its argument to a whole number. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -5822,19 +5875,19 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = AINT(A [, KIND])' + `RESULT = AINT(A [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - A The type of the argument shall be 'REAL'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + A The type of the argument shall be `REAL'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' with the kind type parameter of + The return value is of type `REAL' with the kind type parameter of the argument if the optional KIND is absent; otherwise, the kind type parameter will be given by KIND. If the magnitude of X is - less than one, 'AINT(X)' returns zero. If the magnitude is equal + less than one, `AINT(X)' returns zero. If the magnitude is equal to or greater than one then it returns the largest whole number that does not exceed its magnitude. The sign is the same as the sign of X. @@ -5850,25 +5903,25 @@ _Example_: end program test_aint _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'AINT(A)' 'REAL(4) A' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DINT(A)' 'REAL(8) A' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `AINT(A)' `REAL(4) A' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DINT(A)' `REAL(8) A' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later File: gfortran.info, Node: ALARM, Next: ALL, Prev: AINT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.12 'ALARM' -- Execute a routine after a given delay +9.12 `ALARM' -- Execute a routine after a given delay ===================================================== _Description_: - 'ALARM(SECONDS, HANDLER [, STATUS])' causes external subroutine - HANDLER to be executed after a delay of SECONDS by using 'alarm(2)' - to set up a signal and 'signal(2)' to catch it. If STATUS is - supplied, it will be returned with the number of seconds remaining - until any previously scheduled alarm was due to be delivered, or - zero if there was no previously scheduled alarm. + `ALARM(SECONDS, HANDLER [, STATUS])' causes external subroutine + HANDLER to be executed after a delay of SECONDS by using + `alarm(2)' to set up a signal and `signal(2)' to catch it. If + STATUS is supplied, it will be returned with the number of seconds + remaining until any previously scheduled alarm was due to be + delivered, or zero if there was no previously scheduled alarm. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -5877,19 +5930,20 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ALARM(SECONDS, HANDLER [, STATUS])' + `CALL ALARM(SECONDS, HANDLER [, STATUS])' _Arguments_: - SECONDS The type of the argument shall be a scalar - 'INTEGER'. It is 'INTENT(IN)'. - HANDLER Signal handler ('INTEGER FUNCTION' or - 'SUBROUTINE') or dummy/global 'INTEGER' scalar. - The scalar values may be either 'SIG_IGN=1' to - ignore the alarm generated or 'SIG_DFL=0' to set - the default action. It is 'INTENT(IN)'. - STATUS (Optional) STATUS shall be a scalar variable of - the default 'INTEGER' kind. It is - 'INTENT(OUT)'. + SECONDS The type of the argument shall be a scalar + `INTEGER'. It is `INTENT(IN)'. + HANDLER Signal handler (`INTEGER FUNCTION' or + `SUBROUTINE') or dummy/global `INTEGER' + scalar. The scalar values may be either + `SIG_IGN=1' to ignore the alarm generated or + `SIG_DFL=0' to set the default action. It is + `INTENT(IN)'. + STATUS (Optional) STATUS shall be a scalar variable + of the default `INTEGER' kind. It is + `INTENT(OUT)'. _Example_: program test_alarm @@ -5905,11 +5959,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ALL, Next: ALLOCATED, Prev: ALARM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.13 'ALL' -- All values in MASK along DIM are true +9.13 `ALL' -- All values in MASK along DIM are true =================================================== _Description_: - 'ALL(MASK [, DIM])' determines if all the values are true in MASK + `ALL(MASK [, DIM])' determines if all the values are true in MASK in the array along dimension DIM. _Standard_: @@ -5919,29 +5973,30 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ALL(MASK [, DIM])' + `RESULT = ALL(MASK [, DIM])' _Arguments_: - MASK The type of the argument shall be 'LOGICAL' and - it shall not be scalar. - DIM (Optional) DIM shall be a scalar integer with a - value that lies between one and the rank of - MASK. + MASK The type of the argument shall be `LOGICAL' and + it shall not be scalar. + DIM (Optional) DIM shall be a scalar integer with + a value that lies between one and the rank of + MASK. _Return value_: - 'ALL(MASK)' returns a scalar value of type 'LOGICAL' where the kind - type parameter is the same as the kind type parameter of MASK. If - DIM is present, then 'ALL(MASK, DIM)' returns an array with the - rank of MASK minus 1. The shape is determined from the shape of - MASK where the DIM dimension is elided. - - (A) - 'ALL(MASK)' is true if all elements of MASK are true. It also - is true if MASK has zero size; otherwise, it is false. - (B) - If the rank of MASK is one, then 'ALL(MASK,DIM)' is equivalent - to 'ALL(MASK)'. If the rank is greater than one, then - 'ALL(MASK,DIM)' is determined by applying 'ALL' to the array + `ALL(MASK)' returns a scalar value of type `LOGICAL' where the + kind type parameter is the same as the kind type parameter of + MASK. If DIM is present, then `ALL(MASK, DIM)' returns an array + with the rank of MASK minus 1. The shape is determined from the + shape of MASK where the DIM dimension is elided. + + (A) + `ALL(MASK)' is true if all elements of MASK are true. It + also is true if MASK has zero size; otherwise, it is false. + + (B) + If the rank of MASK is one, then `ALL(MASK,DIM)' is equivalent + to `ALL(MASK)'. If the rank is greater than one, then + `ALL(MASK,DIM)' is determined by applying `ALL' to the array sections. _Example_: @@ -5964,32 +6019,32 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ALLOCATED, Next: AND, Prev: ALL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.14 'ALLOCATED' -- Status of an allocatable entity +9.14 `ALLOCATED' -- Status of an allocatable entity =================================================== _Description_: - 'ALLOCATED(ARRAY)' and 'ALLOCATED(SCALAR)' check the allocation + `ALLOCATED(ARRAY)' and `ALLOCATED(SCALAR)' check the allocation status of ARRAY and SCALAR, respectively. _Standard_: - Fortran 95 and later. Note, the 'SCALAR=' keyword and allocatable + Fortran 95 and later. Note, the `SCALAR=' keyword and allocatable scalar entities are available in Fortran 2003 and later. _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ALLOCATED(ARRAY)' - 'RESULT = ALLOCATED(SCALAR)' + `RESULT = ALLOCATED(ARRAY)' + `RESULT = ALLOCATED(SCALAR)' _Arguments_: - ARRAY The argument shall be an 'ALLOCATABLE' array. - SCALAR The argument shall be an 'ALLOCATABLE' scalar. + ARRAY The argument shall be an `ALLOCATABLE' array. + SCALAR The argument shall be an `ALLOCATABLE' scalar. _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar 'LOGICAL' with the default logical - kind type parameter. If the argument is allocated, then the result - is '.TRUE.'; otherwise, it returns '.FALSE.' + The return value is a scalar `LOGICAL' with the default logical + kind type parameter. If the argument is allocated, then the + result is `.TRUE.'; otherwise, it returns `.FALSE.' _Example_: program test_allocated @@ -6001,11 +6056,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: AND, Next: ANINT, Prev: ALLOCATED, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.15 'AND' -- Bitwise logical AND +9.15 `AND' -- Bitwise logical AND ================================= _Description_: - Bitwise logical 'AND'. + Bitwise logical `AND'. This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with GNU Fortran 77. For integer arguments, programmers should consider @@ -6019,18 +6074,18 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = AND(I, J)' + `RESULT = AND(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be either a scalar 'INTEGER' type - or a scalar 'LOGICAL' type. - J The type shall be the same as the type of I. + I The type shall be either a scalar `INTEGER' + type or a scalar `LOGICAL' type. + J The type shall be the same as the type of I. _Return value_: - The return type is either a scalar 'INTEGER' or a scalar 'LOGICAL'. - If the kind type parameters differ, then the smaller kind type is - implicitly converted to larger kind, and the return has the larger - kind. + The return type is either a scalar `INTEGER' or a scalar + `LOGICAL'. If the kind type parameters differ, then the smaller + kind type is implicitly converted to larger kind, and the return + has the larger kind. _Example_: PROGRAM test_and @@ -6048,11 +6103,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ANINT, Next: ANY, Prev: AND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.16 'ANINT' -- Nearest whole number +9.16 `ANINT' -- Nearest whole number ==================================== _Description_: - 'ANINT(A [, KIND])' rounds its argument to the nearest whole + `ANINT(A [, KIND])' rounds its argument to the nearest whole number. _Standard_: @@ -6062,20 +6117,20 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ANINT(A [, KIND])' + `RESULT = ANINT(A [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - A The type of the argument shall be 'REAL'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + A The type of the argument shall be `REAL'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: The return value is of type real with the kind type parameter of the argument if the optional KIND is absent; otherwise, the kind type parameter will be given by KIND. If A is greater than zero, - 'ANINT(A)' returns 'AINT(X+0.5)'. If A is less than or equal to - zero then it returns 'AINT(X-0.5)'. + `ANINT(A)' returns `AINT(X+0.5)'. If A is less than or equal to + zero then it returns `AINT(X-0.5)'. _Example_: program test_anint @@ -6088,21 +6143,21 @@ _Example_: end program test_anint _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'AINT(A)' 'REAL(4) A' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DNINT(A)' 'REAL(8) A' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `AINT(A)' `REAL(4) A' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DNINT(A)' `REAL(8) A' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later File: gfortran.info, Node: ANY, Next: ASIN, Prev: ANINT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.17 'ANY' -- Any value in MASK along DIM is true +9.17 `ANY' -- Any value in MASK along DIM is true ================================================= _Description_: - 'ANY(MASK [, DIM])' determines if any of the values in the logical - array MASK along dimension DIM are '.TRUE.'. + `ANY(MASK [, DIM])' determines if any of the values in the logical + array MASK along dimension DIM are `.TRUE.'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -6111,29 +6166,31 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ANY(MASK [, DIM])' + `RESULT = ANY(MASK [, DIM])' _Arguments_: - MASK The type of the argument shall be 'LOGICAL' and - it shall not be scalar. - DIM (Optional) DIM shall be a scalar integer with a - value that lies between one and the rank of - MASK. + MASK The type of the argument shall be `LOGICAL' and + it shall not be scalar. + DIM (Optional) DIM shall be a scalar integer with + a value that lies between one and the rank of + MASK. _Return value_: - 'ANY(MASK)' returns a scalar value of type 'LOGICAL' where the kind - type parameter is the same as the kind type parameter of MASK. If - DIM is present, then 'ANY(MASK, DIM)' returns an array with the - rank of MASK minus 1. The shape is determined from the shape of - MASK where the DIM dimension is elided. - - (A) - 'ANY(MASK)' is true if any element of MASK is true; otherwise, - it is false. It also is false if MASK has zero size. - (B) - If the rank of MASK is one, then 'ANY(MASK,DIM)' is equivalent - to 'ANY(MASK)'. If the rank is greater than one, then - 'ANY(MASK,DIM)' is determined by applying 'ANY' to the array + `ANY(MASK)' returns a scalar value of type `LOGICAL' where the + kind type parameter is the same as the kind type parameter of + MASK. If DIM is present, then `ANY(MASK, DIM)' returns an array + with the rank of MASK minus 1. The shape is determined from the + shape of MASK where the DIM dimension is elided. + + (A) + `ANY(MASK)' is true if any element of MASK is true; + otherwise, it is false. It also is false if MASK has zero + size. + + (B) + If the rank of MASK is one, then `ANY(MASK,DIM)' is equivalent + to `ANY(MASK)'. If the rank is greater than one, then + `ANY(MASK,DIM)' is determined by applying `ANY' to the array sections. _Example_: @@ -6156,11 +6213,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ASIN, Next: ASINH, Prev: ANY, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.18 'ASIN' -- Arcsine function +9.18 `ASIN' -- Arcsine function =============================== _Description_: - 'ASIN(X)' computes the arcsine of its X (inverse of 'SIN(X)'). + `ASIN(X)' computes the arcsine of its X (inverse of `SIN(X)'). _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, for a complex argument Fortran 2008 or later @@ -6169,12 +6226,12 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ASIN(X)' + `RESULT = ASIN(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be either 'REAL' and a magnitude - that is less than or equal to one - or be - 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be either `REAL' and a + magnitude that is less than or equal to one - + or be `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: The return value is of the same type and kind as X. The real part @@ -6188,23 +6245,24 @@ _Example_: end program test_asin _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'ASIN(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DASIN(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `ASIN(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DASIN(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later _See also_: Inverse function: *note SIN:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: ASINH, Next: ASSOCIATED, Prev: ASIN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.19 'ASINH' -- Inverse hyperbolic sine function +9.19 `ASINH' -- Inverse hyperbolic sine function ================================================ _Description_: - 'ASINH(X)' computes the inverse hyperbolic sine of X. + `ASINH(X)' computes the inverse hyperbolic sine of X. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -6213,13 +6271,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ASINH(X)' + `RESULT = ASINH(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is of the same type and kind as X. If X is + The return value is of the same type and kind as X. If X is complex, the imaginary part of the result is in radians and lies between -\pi/2 \leq \Im \asinh(x) \leq \pi/2. @@ -6230,8 +6288,8 @@ _Example_: END PROGRAM _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DASINH(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension. + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DASINH(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU extension. _See also_: Inverse function: *note SINH:: @@ -6239,11 +6297,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ASSOCIATED, Next: ATAN, Prev: ASINH, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.20 'ASSOCIATED' -- Status of a pointer or pointer/target pair +9.20 `ASSOCIATED' -- Status of a pointer or pointer/target pair =============================================================== _Description_: - 'ASSOCIATED(POINTER [, TARGET])' determines the status of the + `ASSOCIATED(POINTER [, TARGET])' determines the status of the pointer POINTER or if POINTER is associated with the target TARGET. _Standard_: @@ -6253,39 +6311,43 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ASSOCIATED(POINTER [, TARGET])' + `RESULT = ASSOCIATED(POINTER [, TARGET])' _Arguments_: - POINTER POINTER shall have the 'POINTER' attribute and - it can be of any type. - TARGET (Optional) TARGET shall be a pointer or a - target. It must have the same type, kind type - parameter, and array rank as POINTER. + POINTER POINTER shall have the `POINTER' attribute and + it can be of any type. + TARGET (Optional) TARGET shall be a pointer or a + target. It must have the same type, kind type + parameter, and array rank as POINTER. The association status of neither POINTER nor TARGET shall be undefined. _Return value_: - 'ASSOCIATED(POINTER)' returns a scalar value of type 'LOGICAL(4)'. + `ASSOCIATED(POINTER)' returns a scalar value of type `LOGICAL(4)'. There are several cases: - (A) When the optional TARGET is not present then - 'ASSOCIATED(POINTER)' is true if POINTER is associated with a + (A) When the optional TARGET is not present then + `ASSOCIATED(POINTER)' is true if POINTER is associated with a target; otherwise, it returns false. - (B) If TARGET is present and a scalar target, the result is true if + + (B) If TARGET is present and a scalar target, the result is true if TARGET is not a zero-sized storage sequence and the target associated with POINTER occupies the same storage units. If POINTER is disassociated, the result is false. - (C) If TARGET is present and an array target, the result is true if + + (C) If TARGET is present and an array target, the result is true if TARGET and POINTER have the same shape, are not zero-sized arrays, are arrays whose elements are not zero-sized storage sequences, and TARGET and POINTER occupy the same storage units in array element order. As in case(B), the result is false, if POINTER is disassociated. - (D) If TARGET is present and an scalar pointer, the result is true + + (D) If TARGET is present and an scalar pointer, the result is true if TARGET is associated with POINTER, the target associated with TARGET are not zero-sized storage sequences and occupy - the same storage units. The result is false, if either TARGET - or POINTER is disassociated. - (E) If TARGET is present and an array pointer, the result is true if + the same storage units. The result is false, if either + TARGET or POINTER is disassociated. + + (E) If TARGET is present and an array pointer, the result is true if target associated with POINTER and the target associated with TARGET have the same shape, are not zero-sized arrays, are arrays whose elements are not zero-sized storage sequences, @@ -6309,11 +6371,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATAN, Next: ATAN2, Prev: ASSOCIATED, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.21 'ATAN' -- Arctangent function +9.21 `ATAN' -- Arctangent function ================================== _Description_: - 'ATAN(X)' computes the arctangent of X. + `ATAN(X)' computes the arctangent of X. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, for a complex argument and for two arguments @@ -6323,21 +6385,21 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ATAN(X)' - 'RESULT = ATAN(Y, X)' + `RESULT = ATAN(X)' + `RESULT = ATAN(Y, X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'; if Y is - present, X shall be REAL. - Y shall - be of the - same type - and kind - as X. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'; if Y is + present, X shall be REAL. + Y shall + be of the + same type + and kind + as X. _Return value_: The return value is of the same type and kind as X. If Y is - present, the result is identical to 'ATAN2(Y,X)'. Otherwise, it + present, the result is identical to `ATAN2(Y,X)'. Otherwise, it the arcus tangent of X, where the real part of the result is in radians and lies in the range -\pi/2 \leq \Re \atan(x) \leq \pi/2. @@ -6348,25 +6410,26 @@ _Example_: end program test_atan _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'ATAN(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DATAN(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `ATAN(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DATAN(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later _See also_: Inverse function: *note TAN:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: ATAN2, Next: ATANH, Prev: ATAN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.22 'ATAN2' -- Arctangent function +9.22 `ATAN2' -- Arctangent function =================================== _Description_: - 'ATAN2(Y, X)' computes the principal value of the argument function - of the complex number X + i Y. This function can be used to - transform from Cartesian into polar coordinates and allows to + `ATAN2(Y, X)' computes the principal value of the argument + function of the complex number X + i Y. This function can be used + to transform from Cartesian into polar coordinates and allows to determine the angle in the correct quadrant. _Standard_: @@ -6376,17 +6439,17 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ATAN2(Y, X)' + `RESULT = ATAN2(Y, X)' _Arguments_: - Y The type shall be 'REAL'. - X The type and kind type parameter shall be the - same as Y. If Y is zero, then X must be - nonzero. + Y The type shall be `REAL'. + X The type and kind type parameter shall be the + same as Y. If Y is zero, then X must be + nonzero. _Return value_: - The return value has the same type and kind type parameter as Y. - It is the principal value of the complex number X + i Y. If X is + The return value has the same type and kind type parameter as Y. It + is the principal value of the complex number X + i Y. If X is nonzero, then it lies in the range -\pi \le \atan (x) \leq \pi. The sign is positive if Y is positive. If Y is zero, then the return value is zero if X is strictly positive, \pi if X is @@ -6401,20 +6464,20 @@ _Example_: end program test_atan2 _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'ATAN2(X, 'REAL(4) X, 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - Y)' Y' later - 'DATAN2(X, 'REAL(8) X, 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - Y)' Y' later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `ATAN2(X, `REAL(4) X, `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + Y)' Y' later + `DATAN2(X, `REAL(8) X, `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + Y)' Y' later File: gfortran.info, Node: ATANH, Next: ATOMIC_ADD, Prev: ATAN2, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.23 'ATANH' -- Inverse hyperbolic tangent function +9.23 `ATANH' -- Inverse hyperbolic tangent function =================================================== _Description_: - 'ATANH(X)' computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of X. + `ATANH(X)' computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of X. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -6423,13 +6486,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ATANH(X)' + `RESULT = ATANH(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value has same type and kind as X. If X is complex, the + The return value has same type and kind as X. If X is complex, the imaginary part of the result is in radians and lies between -\pi/2 \leq \Im \atanh(x) \leq \pi/2. @@ -6440,8 +6503,8 @@ _Example_: END PROGRAM _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DATANH(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DATANH(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU extension _See also_: Inverse function: *note TANH:: @@ -6449,18 +6512,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_ADD, Next: ATOMIC_AND, Prev: ATANH, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.24 'ATOMIC_ADD' -- Atomic ADD operation +9.24 `ATOMIC_ADD' -- Atomic ADD operation ========================================= _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_ADD(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically adds the value of VAR to the - variable ATOM. When STAT is present and the invokation was - successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the + `ATOMIC_ADD(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically adds the value of VAR to the + variable ATOM. When STAT is present and the invokation was + successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has stopped, - it is assigned the value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s - 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value - 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: TS 18508 or later @@ -6469,15 +6532,16 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_ADD (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_ADD (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer - type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer + type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6494,18 +6558,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_AND, Next: ATOMIC_CAS, Prev: ATOMIC_ADD, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.25 'ATOMIC_AND' -- Atomic bitwise AND operation +9.25 `ATOMIC_AND' -- Atomic bitwise AND operation ================================================= _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_AND(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically defines ATOM with the bitwise - AND between the values of ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and - the invokation was successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it - is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive - value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has - stopped, it is assigned the value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s - 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value - 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + `ATOMIC_AND(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically defines ATOM with the bitwise + AND between the values of ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and + the invokation was successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it + is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a + positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote + image has stopped, it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: TS 18508 or later @@ -6514,15 +6578,16 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_AND (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_AND (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer - type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer + type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6539,20 +6604,20 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_CAS, Next: ATOMIC_DEFINE, Prev: ATOMIC_AND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.26 'ATOMIC_CAS' -- Atomic compare and swap +9.26 `ATOMIC_CAS' -- Atomic compare and swap ============================================ _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_CAS' compares the variable ATOM with the value of COMPARE; + `ATOMIC_CAS' compares the variable ATOM with the value of COMPARE; if the value is the same, ATOM is set to the value of NEW. - Additionally, OLD is set to the value of ATOM that was used for the - comparison. When STAT is present and the invokation was - successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the + Additionally, OLD is set to the value of ATOM that was used for + the comparison. When STAT is present and the invokation was + successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has stopped, - it is assigned the value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s - 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value - 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: TS 18508 or later @@ -6561,19 +6626,20 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_CAS (ATOM, OLD, COMPARE, NEW [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_CAS (ATOM, OLD, COMPARE, NEW [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of either - integer type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind or - logical type with 'ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND' kind. - OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. - COMPARE Scalar variable of the same type and kind as - ATOM. - NEW Scalar variable of the same type as ATOM. If - kind is different, the value is converted to the - kind of ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of either + integer type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind or + logical type with `ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND' kind. + OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. + COMPARE Scalar variable of the same type and kind as + ATOM. + NEW Scalar variable of the same type as ATOM. If + kind is different, the value is converted to + the kind of ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6588,18 +6654,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_DEFINE, Next: ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD, Prev: ATOMIC_CAS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.27 'ATOMIC_DEFINE' -- Setting a variable atomically +9.27 `ATOMIC_DEFINE' -- Setting a variable atomically ===================================================== _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_DEFINE(ATOM, VALUE)' defines the variable ATOM with the - value VALUE atomically. When STAT is present and the invokation - was successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and - the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive value; in + `ATOMIC_DEFINE(ATOM, VALUE)' defines the variable ATOM with the + value VALUE atomically. When STAT is present and the invokation was + successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the + invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has stopped, - it is assigned the value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s - 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value - 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later; with STAT, TS 18508 or later @@ -6608,17 +6674,17 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_DEFINE (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_DEFINE (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of either - integer type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind or - logical type with 'ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND' kind. - - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of either + integer type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind or + logical type with `ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND' kind. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6635,18 +6701,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD, Next: ATOMIC_FETCH_AND, Prev: ATOMIC_DEFINE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.28 'ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD' -- Atomic ADD operation with prior fetch +9.28 `ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD' -- Atomic ADD operation with prior fetch ================================================================ _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD(ATOM, VALUE, OLD)' atomically stores the value of - ATOM in OLD and adds the value of VAR to the variable ATOM. When + `ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD(ATOM, VALUE, OLD)' atomically stores the value of + ATOM in OLD and adds the value of VAR to the variable ATOM. When STAT is present and the invokation was successful, it is assigned - the value 0. If it is present and the invokation has failed, it is + the value 0. If it is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has stopped, it is assigned the value of - 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image - has failed, the value 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image + has failed, the value `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: TS 18508 or later @@ -6655,18 +6721,18 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD (ATOM, VALUE, old [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD (ATOM, VALUE, old [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer - type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. - 'ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND' kind. - - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer + type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. + `ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND' kind. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6683,19 +6749,19 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_FETCH_AND, Next: ATOMIC_FETCH_OR, Prev: ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.29 'ATOMIC_FETCH_AND' -- Atomic bitwise AND operation with prior fetch +9.29 `ATOMIC_FETCH_AND' -- Atomic bitwise AND operation with prior fetch ======================================================================== _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_AND(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically stores the value of ATOM in + `ATOMIC_AND(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically stores the value of ATOM in OLD and defines ATOM with the bitwise AND between the values of - ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and the invokation was - successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the + ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and the invokation was + successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has stopped, - it is assigned the value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s - 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value - 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: TS 18508 or later @@ -6704,16 +6770,17 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_FETCH_AND (ATOM, VALUE, OLD [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_FETCH_AND (ATOM, VALUE, OLD [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer - type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer + type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6730,18 +6797,19 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_FETCH_OR, Next: ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR, Prev: ATOMIC_FETCH_AND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.30 'ATOMIC_FETCH_OR' -- Atomic bitwise OR operation with prior fetch +9.30 `ATOMIC_FETCH_OR' -- Atomic bitwise OR operation with prior fetch ====================================================================== _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_OR(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically stores the value of ATOM in OLD - and defines ATOM with the bitwise OR between the values of ATOM and - VALUE. When STAT is present and the invokation was successful, it - is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the invokation has - failed, it is assigned a positive value; in particular, for a - coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has stopped, it is assigned the - value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote - image has failed, the value 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + `ATOMIC_OR(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically stores the value of ATOM in + OLD and defines ATOM with the bitwise OR between the values of + ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and the invokation was + successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the + invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive value; in + particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has stopped, + it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: TS 18508 or later @@ -6750,16 +6818,17 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_FETCH_OR (ATOM, VALUE, OLD [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_FETCH_OR (ATOM, VALUE, OLD [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer - type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer + type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6776,19 +6845,19 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR, Next: ATOMIC_OR, Prev: ATOMIC_FETCH_OR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.31 'ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR' -- Atomic bitwise XOR operation with prior fetch +9.31 `ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR' -- Atomic bitwise XOR operation with prior fetch ======================================================================== _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_XOR(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically stores the value of ATOM in + `ATOMIC_XOR(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically stores the value of ATOM in OLD and defines ATOM with the bitwise XOR between the values of - ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and the invokation was - successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the + ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and the invokation was + successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has stopped, - it is assigned the value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s - 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value - 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: TS 18508 or later @@ -6797,16 +6866,17 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR (ATOM, VALUE, OLD [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR (ATOM, VALUE, OLD [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer - type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer + type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + OLD Scalar of the same type and kind as ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6823,18 +6893,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_OR, Next: ATOMIC_REF, Prev: ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.32 'ATOMIC_OR' -- Atomic bitwise OR operation +9.32 `ATOMIC_OR' -- Atomic bitwise OR operation =============================================== _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_OR(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically defines ATOM with the bitwise - AND between the values of ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and - the invokation was successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it - is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive - value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has - stopped, it is assigned the value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s - 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value - 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + `ATOMIC_OR(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically defines ATOM with the bitwise + AND between the values of ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and + the invokation was successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it + is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a + positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote + image has stopped, it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: TS 18508 or later @@ -6843,15 +6913,16 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_OR (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_OR (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer - type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer + type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6868,18 +6939,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_REF, Next: ATOMIC_XOR, Prev: ATOMIC_OR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.33 'ATOMIC_REF' -- Obtaining the value of a variable atomically +9.33 `ATOMIC_REF' -- Obtaining the value of a variable atomically ================================================================= _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_DEFINE(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically assigns the value of the - variable ATOM to VALUE. When STAT is present and the invokation - was successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and + `ATOMIC_DEFINE(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically assigns the value of the + variable ATOM to VALUE. When STAT is present and the invokation + was successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has stopped, - it is assigned the value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s - 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value - 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later; with STAT, TS 18508 or later @@ -6888,16 +6959,17 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_REF(VALUE, ATOM [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_REF(VALUE, ATOM [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of either - integer type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind or - logical type with 'ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND' kind. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of either + integer type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind or + logical type with `ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND' kind. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6920,18 +6992,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ATOMIC_XOR, Next: BACKTRACE, Prev: ATOMIC_REF, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.34 'ATOMIC_XOR' -- Atomic bitwise OR operation +9.34 `ATOMIC_XOR' -- Atomic bitwise OR operation ================================================ _Description_: - 'ATOMIC_AND(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically defines ATOM with the bitwise - XOR between the values of ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and - the invokation was successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it - is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a positive - value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote image has - stopped, it is assigned the value of 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s - 'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value - 'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. + `ATOMIC_AND(ATOM, VALUE)' atomically defines ATOM with the bitwise + XOR between the values of ATOM and VALUE. When STAT is present and + the invokation was successful, it is assigned the value 0. If it + is present and the invokation has failed, it is assigned a + positive value; in particular, for a coindexed ATOM, if the remote + image has stopped, it is assigned the value of `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV''s + `STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE' and if the remote image has failed, the value + `STAT_FAILED_IMAGE'. _Standard_: TS 18508 or later @@ -6940,15 +7012,16 @@ _Class_: Atomic subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ATOMIC_XOR (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' + `CALL ATOMIC_XOR (ATOM, VALUE [, STAT])' _Arguments_: - ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer - type with 'ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. - VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind is - different, the value is converted to the kind of - ATOM. - STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer variable. + ATOM Scalar coarray or coindexed variable of integer + type with `ATOMIC_INT_KIND' kind. + VALUE Scalar of the same type as ATOM. If the kind + is different, the value is converted to the + kind of ATOM. + STAT (optional) Scalar default-kind integer + variable. _Example_: program atomic @@ -6965,14 +7038,14 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: BACKTRACE, Next: BESSEL_J0, Prev: ATOMIC_XOR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.35 'BACKTRACE' -- Show a backtrace +9.35 `BACKTRACE' -- Show a backtrace ==================================== _Description_: - 'BACKTRACE' shows a backtrace at an arbitrary place in user code. - Program execution continues normally afterwards. The backtrace - information is printed to the unit corresponding to 'ERROR_UNIT' in - 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. + `BACKTRACE' shows a backtrace at an arbitrary place in user code. + Program execution continues normally afterwards. The backtrace + information is printed to the unit corresponding to `ERROR_UNIT' + in `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. _Standard_: GNU Extension @@ -6981,7 +7054,7 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL BACKTRACE' + `CALL BACKTRACE' _Arguments_: None @@ -6992,12 +7065,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: BESSEL_J0, Next: BESSEL_J1, Prev: BACKTRACE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.36 'BESSEL_J0' -- Bessel function of the first kind of order 0 +9.36 `BESSEL_J0' -- Bessel function of the first kind of order 0 ================================================================ _Description_: - 'BESSEL_J0(X)' computes the Bessel function of the first kind of - order 0 of X. This function is available under the name 'BESJ0' as + `BESSEL_J0(X)' computes the Bessel function of the first kind of + order 0 of X. This function is available under the name `BESJ0' as a GNU extension. _Standard_: @@ -7007,14 +7080,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BESSEL_J0(X)' + `RESULT = BESSEL_J0(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' and lies in the range - - 0.4027... \leq Bessel (0,x) \leq 1. It has the same kind as X. + The return value is of type `REAL' and lies in the range - + 0.4027... \leq Bessel (0,x) \leq 1. It has the same kind as X. _Example_: program test_besj0 @@ -7023,18 +7096,18 @@ _Example_: end program test_besj0 _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DBESJ0(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DBESJ0(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU extension File: gfortran.info, Node: BESSEL_J1, Next: BESSEL_JN, Prev: BESSEL_J0, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.37 'BESSEL_J1' -- Bessel function of the first kind of order 1 +9.37 `BESSEL_J1' -- Bessel function of the first kind of order 1 ================================================================ _Description_: - 'BESSEL_J1(X)' computes the Bessel function of the first kind of - order 1 of X. This function is available under the name 'BESJ1' as + `BESSEL_J1(X)' computes the Bessel function of the first kind of + order 1 of X. This function is available under the name `BESJ1' as a GNU extension. _Standard_: @@ -7044,14 +7117,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BESSEL_J1(X)' + `RESULT = BESSEL_J1(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' and lies in the range - - 0.5818... \leq Bessel (0,x) \leq 0.5818 . It has the same kind as + The return value is of type `REAL' and lies in the range - + 0.5818... \leq Bessel (0,x) \leq 0.5818 . It has the same kind as X. _Example_: @@ -7061,22 +7134,22 @@ _Example_: end program test_besj1 _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DBESJ1(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DBESJ1(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU extension File: gfortran.info, Node: BESSEL_JN, Next: BESSEL_Y0, Prev: BESSEL_J1, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.38 'BESSEL_JN' -- Bessel function of the first kind +9.38 `BESSEL_JN' -- Bessel function of the first kind ===================================================== _Description_: - 'BESSEL_JN(N, X)' computes the Bessel function of the first kind of - order N of X. This function is available under the name 'BESJN' as + `BESSEL_JN(N, X)' computes the Bessel function of the first kind of + order N of X. This function is available under the name `BESJN' as a GNU extension. If N and X are arrays, their ranks and shapes shall conform. - 'BESSEL_JN(N1, N2, X)' returns an array with the Bessel functions + `BESSEL_JN(N1, N2, X)' returns an array with the Bessel functions of the first kind of the orders N1 to N2. _Standard_: @@ -7084,23 +7157,24 @@ _Standard_: _Class_: Elemental function, except for the transformational function - 'BESSEL_JN(N1, N2, X)' + `BESSEL_JN(N1, N2, X)' _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BESSEL_JN(N, X)' - 'RESULT = BESSEL_JN(N1, N2, X)' + `RESULT = BESSEL_JN(N, X)' + `RESULT = BESSEL_JN(N1, N2, X)' _Arguments_: - N Shall be a scalar or an array of type 'INTEGER'. - N1 Shall be a non-negative scalar of type - 'INTEGER'. - N2 Shall be a non-negative scalar of type - 'INTEGER'. - X Shall be a scalar or an array of type 'REAL'; - for 'BESSEL_JN(N1, N2, X)' it shall be scalar. + N Shall be a scalar or an array of type + `INTEGER'. + N1 Shall be a non-negative scalar of type + `INTEGER'. + N2 Shall be a non-negative scalar of type + `INTEGER'. + X Shall be a scalar or an array of type `REAL'; + for `BESSEL_JN(N1, N2, X)' it shall be scalar. _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type 'REAL'. It has the same kind + The return value is a scalar of type `REAL'. It has the same kind as X. _Note_: @@ -7115,20 +7189,20 @@ _Example_: end program test_besjn _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DBESJN(N, 'INTEGER N' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension - X)' - 'REAL(8) X' + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DBESJN(N, `INTEGER N' `REAL(8)' GNU extension + X)' + `REAL(8) X' File: gfortran.info, Node: BESSEL_Y0, Next: BESSEL_Y1, Prev: BESSEL_JN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.39 'BESSEL_Y0' -- Bessel function of the second kind of order 0 +9.39 `BESSEL_Y0' -- Bessel function of the second kind of order 0 ================================================================= _Description_: - 'BESSEL_Y0(X)' computes the Bessel function of the second kind of - order 0 of X. This function is available under the name 'BESY0' as + `BESSEL_Y0(X)' computes the Bessel function of the second kind of + order 0 of X. This function is available under the name `BESY0' as a GNU extension. _Standard_: @@ -7138,13 +7212,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BESSEL_Y0(X)' + `RESULT = BESSEL_Y0(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL'. It has the same kind as X. + The return value is of type `REAL'. It has the same kind as X. _Example_: program test_besy0 @@ -7153,18 +7227,18 @@ _Example_: end program test_besy0 _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DBESY0(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DBESY0(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU extension File: gfortran.info, Node: BESSEL_Y1, Next: BESSEL_YN, Prev: BESSEL_Y0, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.40 'BESSEL_Y1' -- Bessel function of the second kind of order 1 +9.40 `BESSEL_Y1' -- Bessel function of the second kind of order 1 ================================================================= _Description_: - 'BESSEL_Y1(X)' computes the Bessel function of the second kind of - order 1 of X. This function is available under the name 'BESY1' as + `BESSEL_Y1(X)' computes the Bessel function of the second kind of + order 1 of X. This function is available under the name `BESY1' as a GNU extension. _Standard_: @@ -7174,13 +7248,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BESSEL_Y1(X)' + `RESULT = BESSEL_Y1(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL'. It has the same kind as X. + The return value is of type `REAL'. It has the same kind as X. _Example_: program test_besy1 @@ -7189,22 +7263,22 @@ _Example_: end program test_besy1 _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DBESY1(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DBESY1(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU extension File: gfortran.info, Node: BESSEL_YN, Next: BGE, Prev: BESSEL_Y1, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.41 'BESSEL_YN' -- Bessel function of the second kind +9.41 `BESSEL_YN' -- Bessel function of the second kind ====================================================== _Description_: - 'BESSEL_YN(N, X)' computes the Bessel function of the second kind - of order N of X. This function is available under the name 'BESYN' + `BESSEL_YN(N, X)' computes the Bessel function of the second kind + of order N of X. This function is available under the name `BESYN' as a GNU extension. If N and X are arrays, their ranks and shapes shall conform. - 'BESSEL_YN(N1, N2, X)' returns an array with the Bessel functions + `BESSEL_YN(N1, N2, X)' returns an array with the Bessel functions of the first kind of the orders N1 to N2. _Standard_: @@ -7212,24 +7286,24 @@ _Standard_: _Class_: Elemental function, except for the transformational function - 'BESSEL_YN(N1, N2, X)' + `BESSEL_YN(N1, N2, X)' _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BESSEL_YN(N, X)' - 'RESULT = BESSEL_YN(N1, N2, X)' + `RESULT = BESSEL_YN(N, X)' + `RESULT = BESSEL_YN(N1, N2, X)' _Arguments_: - N Shall be a scalar or an array of type 'INTEGER' - . - N1 Shall be a non-negative scalar of type - 'INTEGER'. - N2 Shall be a non-negative scalar of type - 'INTEGER'. - X Shall be a scalar or an array of type 'REAL'; - for 'BESSEL_YN(N1, N2, X)' it shall be scalar. + N Shall be a scalar or an array of type + `INTEGER' . + N1 Shall be a non-negative scalar of type + `INTEGER'. + N2 Shall be a non-negative scalar of type + `INTEGER'. + X Shall be a scalar or an array of type `REAL'; + for `BESSEL_YN(N1, N2, X)' it shall be scalar. _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type 'REAL'. It has the same kind + The return value is a scalar of type `REAL'. It has the same kind as X. _Note_: @@ -7244,14 +7318,14 @@ _Example_: end program test_besyn _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DBESYN(N,X)' 'INTEGER N' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension - 'REAL(8) X' + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DBESYN(N,X)' `INTEGER N' `REAL(8)' GNU extension + `REAL(8) X' File: gfortran.info, Node: BGE, Next: BGT, Prev: BESSEL_YN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.42 'BGE' -- Bitwise greater than or equal to +9.42 `BGE' -- Bitwise greater than or equal to ============================================== _Description_: @@ -7265,15 +7339,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BGE(I, J)' + `RESULT = BGE(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of 'INTEGER' type. - J Shall be of 'INTEGER' type, and of the same kind - as I. + I Shall be of `INTEGER' type. + J Shall be of `INTEGER' type, and of the same + kind as I. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'LOGICAL' and of the default kind. + The return value is of type `LOGICAL' and of the default kind. _See also_: *note BGT::, *note BLE::, *note BLT:: @@ -7281,7 +7355,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: BGT, Next: BIT_SIZE, Prev: BGE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.43 'BGT' -- Bitwise greater than +9.43 `BGT' -- Bitwise greater than ================================== _Description_: @@ -7294,15 +7368,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BGT(I, J)' + `RESULT = BGT(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of 'INTEGER' type. - J Shall be of 'INTEGER' type, and of the same kind - as I. + I Shall be of `INTEGER' type. + J Shall be of `INTEGER' type, and of the same + kind as I. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'LOGICAL' and of the default kind. + The return value is of type `LOGICAL' and of the default kind. _See also_: *note BGE::, *note BLE::, *note BLT:: @@ -7310,13 +7384,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: BIT_SIZE, Next: BLE, Prev: BGT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.44 'BIT_SIZE' -- Bit size inquiry function +9.44 `BIT_SIZE' -- Bit size inquiry function ============================================ _Description_: - 'BIT_SIZE(I)' returns the number of bits (integer precision plus + `BIT_SIZE(I)' returns the number of bits (integer precision plus sign bit) represented by the type of I. The result of - 'BIT_SIZE(I)' is independent of the actual value of I. + `BIT_SIZE(I)' is independent of the actual value of I. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -7325,13 +7399,13 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BIT_SIZE(I)' + `RESULT = BIT_SIZE(I)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' + The return value is of type `INTEGER' _Example_: program test_bit_size @@ -7344,7 +7418,7 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: BLE, Next: BLT, Prev: BIT_SIZE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.45 'BLE' -- Bitwise less than or equal to +9.45 `BLE' -- Bitwise less than or equal to =========================================== _Description_: @@ -7358,15 +7432,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BLE(I, J)' + `RESULT = BLE(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of 'INTEGER' type. - J Shall be of 'INTEGER' type, and of the same kind - as I. + I Shall be of `INTEGER' type. + J Shall be of `INTEGER' type, and of the same + kind as I. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'LOGICAL' and of the default kind. + The return value is of type `LOGICAL' and of the default kind. _See also_: *note BGT::, *note BGE::, *note BLT:: @@ -7374,7 +7448,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: BLT, Next: BTEST, Prev: BLE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.46 'BLT' -- Bitwise less than +9.46 `BLT' -- Bitwise less than =============================== _Description_: @@ -7387,15 +7461,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BLT(I, J)' + `RESULT = BLT(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of 'INTEGER' type. - J Shall be of 'INTEGER' type, and of the same kind - as I. + I Shall be of `INTEGER' type. + J Shall be of `INTEGER' type, and of the same + kind as I. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'LOGICAL' and of the default kind. + The return value is of type `LOGICAL' and of the default kind. _See also_: *note BGE::, *note BGT::, *note BLE:: @@ -7403,11 +7477,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: BTEST, Next: C_ASSOCIATED, Prev: BLT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.47 'BTEST' -- Bit test function +9.47 `BTEST' -- Bit test function ================================= _Description_: - 'BTEST(I,POS)' returns logical '.TRUE.' if the bit at POS in I is + `BTEST(I,POS)' returns logical `.TRUE.' if the bit at POS in I is set. The counting of the bits starts at 0. _Standard_: @@ -7417,14 +7491,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = BTEST(I, POS)' + `RESULT = BTEST(I, POS)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - POS The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + POS The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'LOGICAL' + The return value is of type `LOGICAL' _Example_: program test_btest @@ -7440,11 +7514,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: C_ASSOCIATED, Next: C_F_POINTER, Prev: BTEST, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.48 'C_ASSOCIATED' -- Status of a C pointer +9.48 `C_ASSOCIATED' -- Status of a C pointer ============================================ _Description_: - 'C_ASSOCIATED(c_ptr_1[, c_ptr_2])' determines the status of the C + `C_ASSOCIATED(c_ptr_1[, c_ptr_2])' determines the status of the C pointer C_PTR_1 or if C_PTR_1 is associated with the target C_PTR_2. @@ -7455,14 +7529,14 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = C_ASSOCIATED(c_ptr_1[, c_ptr_2])' + `RESULT = C_ASSOCIATED(c_ptr_1[, c_ptr_2])' _Arguments_: - C_PTR_1 Scalar of the type 'C_PTR' or 'C_FUNPTR'. - C_PTR_2 (Optional) Scalar of the same type as C_PTR_1. + C_PTR_1 Scalar of the type `C_PTR' or `C_FUNPTR'. + C_PTR_2 (Optional) Scalar of the same type as C_PTR_1. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'LOGICAL'; it is '.false.' if either + The return value is of type `LOGICAL'; it is `.false.' if either C_PTR_1 is a C NULL pointer or if C_PTR1 and C_PTR_2 point to different addresses. @@ -7482,11 +7556,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: C_F_POINTER, Next: C_F_PROCPOINTER, Prev: C_ASSOCIATED, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.49 'C_F_POINTER' -- Convert C into Fortran pointer +9.49 `C_F_POINTER' -- Convert C into Fortran pointer ==================================================== _Description_: - 'C_F_POINTER(CPTR, FPTR[, SHAPE])' assigns the target of the C + `C_F_POINTER(CPTR, FPTR[, SHAPE])' assigns the target of the C pointer CPTR to the Fortran pointer FPTR and specifies its shape. _Standard_: @@ -7496,16 +7570,16 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL C_F_POINTER(CPTR, FPTR[, SHAPE])' + `CALL C_F_POINTER(CPTR, FPTR[, SHAPE])' _Arguments_: - CPTR scalar of the type 'C_PTR'. It is 'INTENT(IN)'. - FPTR pointer interoperable with CPTR. It is - 'INTENT(OUT)'. - SHAPE (Optional) Rank-one array of type 'INTEGER' with - 'INTENT(IN)'. It shall be present if and only - if FPTR is an array. The size must be equal to - the rank of FPTR. + CPTR scalar of the type `C_PTR'. It is `INTENT(IN)'. + FPTR pointer interoperable with CPTR. It is + `INTENT(OUT)'. + SHAPE (Optional) Rank-one array of type `INTEGER' + with `INTENT(IN)'. It shall be present if and + only if FPTR is an array. The size must be + equal to the rank of FPTR. _Example_: program main @@ -7529,11 +7603,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: C_F_PROCPOINTER, Next: C_FUNLOC, Prev: C_F_POINTER, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.50 'C_F_PROCPOINTER' -- Convert C into Fortran procedure pointer +9.50 `C_F_PROCPOINTER' -- Convert C into Fortran procedure pointer ================================================================== _Description_: - 'C_F_PROCPOINTER(CPTR, FPTR)' Assign the target of the C function + `C_F_PROCPOINTER(CPTR, FPTR)' Assign the target of the C function pointer CPTR to the Fortran procedure pointer FPTR. _Standard_: @@ -7543,13 +7617,13 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL C_F_PROCPOINTER(cptr, fptr)' + `CALL C_F_PROCPOINTER(cptr, fptr)' _Arguments_: - CPTR scalar of the type 'C_FUNPTR'. It is - 'INTENT(IN)'. - FPTR procedure pointer interoperable with CPTR. It - is 'INTENT(OUT)'. + CPTR scalar of the type `C_FUNPTR'. It is + `INTENT(IN)'. + FPTR procedure pointer interoperable with CPTR. It + is `INTENT(OUT)'. _Example_: program main @@ -7580,11 +7654,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: C_FUNLOC, Next: C_LOC, Prev: C_F_PROCPOINTER, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.51 'C_FUNLOC' -- Obtain the C address of a procedure +9.51 `C_FUNLOC' -- Obtain the C address of a procedure ====================================================== _Description_: - 'C_FUNLOC(x)' determines the C address of the argument. + `C_FUNLOC(x)' determines the C address of the argument. _Standard_: Fortran 2003 and later @@ -7593,14 +7667,14 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = C_FUNLOC(x)' + `RESULT = C_FUNLOC(x)' _Arguments_: - X Interoperable function or pointer to such - function. + X Interoperable function or pointer to such + function. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'C_FUNPTR' and contains the C address + The return value is of type `C_FUNPTR' and contains the C address of the argument. _Example_: @@ -7633,11 +7707,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: C_LOC, Next: C_SIZEOF, Prev: C_FUNLOC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.52 'C_LOC' -- Obtain the C address of an object +9.52 `C_LOC' -- Obtain the C address of an object ================================================= _Description_: - 'C_LOC(X)' determines the C address of the argument. + `C_LOC(X)' determines the C address of the argument. _Standard_: Fortran 2003 and later @@ -7646,18 +7720,18 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = C_LOC(X)' + `RESULT = C_LOC(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall have either the POINTER or TARGET attribute. - It shall not be a coindexed object. It shall either - be a variable with interoperable type and kind type - parameters, or be a scalar, nonpolymorphic variable - with no length type parameters. - + X Shall have either the POINTER or TARGET + attribute. It shall not be a coindexed object. It + shall either be a variable with interoperable + type and kind type parameters, or be a scalar, + nonpolymorphic variable with no length type + parameters. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'C_PTR' and contains the C address of + The return value is of type `C_PTR' and contains the C address of the argument. _Example_: @@ -7677,33 +7751,33 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: C_SIZEOF, Next: CEILING, Prev: C_LOC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.53 'C_SIZEOF' -- Size in bytes of an expression +9.53 `C_SIZEOF' -- Size in bytes of an expression ================================================= _Description_: - 'C_SIZEOF(X)' calculates the number of bytes of storage the - expression 'X' occupies. + `C_SIZEOF(X)' calculates the number of bytes of storage the + expression `X' occupies. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 _Class_: - Inquiry function of the module 'ISO_C_BINDING' + Inquiry function of the module `ISO_C_BINDING' _Syntax_: - 'N = C_SIZEOF(X)' + `N = C_SIZEOF(X)' _Arguments_: - X The argument shall be an interoperable data - entity. + X The argument shall be an interoperable data + entity. _Return value_: The return value is of type integer and of the system-dependent - kind 'C_SIZE_T' (from the 'ISO_C_BINDING' module). Its value is - the number of bytes occupied by the argument. If the argument has - the 'POINTER' attribute, the number of bytes of the storage area + kind `C_SIZE_T' (from the `ISO_C_BINDING' module). Its value is the + number of bytes occupied by the argument. If the argument has the + `POINTER' attribute, the number of bytes of the storage area pointed to is returned. If the argument is of a derived type with - 'POINTER' or 'ALLOCATABLE' components, the return value does not + `POINTER' or `ALLOCATABLE' components, the return value does not account for the sizes of the data pointed to by these components. _Example_: @@ -7712,8 +7786,8 @@ _Example_: real(c_float) :: r, s(5) print *, (c_sizeof(s)/c_sizeof(r) == 5) end - The example will print '.TRUE.' unless you are using a platform - where default 'REAL' variables are unusually padded. + The example will print `.TRUE.' unless you are using a platform + where default `REAL' variables are unusually padded. _See also_: *note SIZEOF::, *note STORAGE_SIZE:: @@ -7721,11 +7795,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CEILING, Next: CHAR, Prev: C_SIZEOF, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.54 'CEILING' -- Integer ceiling function +9.54 `CEILING' -- Integer ceiling function ========================================== _Description_: - 'CEILING(A)' returns the least integer greater than or equal to A. + `CEILING(A)' returns the least integer greater than or equal to A. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -7734,17 +7808,17 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = CEILING(A [, KIND])' + `RESULT = CEILING(A [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - A The type shall be 'REAL'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + A The type shall be `REAL'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER(KIND)' if KIND is present and - a default-kind 'INTEGER' otherwise. + The return value is of type `INTEGER(KIND)' if KIND is present and + a default-kind `INTEGER' otherwise. _Example_: program test_ceiling @@ -7757,15 +7831,16 @@ _Example_: _See also_: *note FLOOR::, *note NINT:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: CHAR, Next: CHDIR, Prev: CEILING, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.55 'CHAR' -- Character conversion function +9.55 `CHAR' -- Character conversion function ============================================ _Description_: - 'CHAR(I [, KIND])' returns the character represented by the integer - I. + `CHAR(I [, KIND])' returns the character represented by the + integer I. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -7774,16 +7849,16 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = CHAR(I [, KIND])' + `RESULT = CHAR(I [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'CHARACTER(1)' + The return value is of type `CHARACTER(1)' _Example_: program test_char @@ -7794,8 +7869,8 @@ _Example_: end program test_char _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'CHAR(I)' 'INTEGER I' 'CHARACTER(LEN=1)'F77 and later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `CHAR(I)' `INTEGER I' `CHARACTER(LEN=1)'F77 and later _Note_: See *note ICHAR:: for a discussion of converting between numerical @@ -7804,10 +7879,11 @@ _Note_: _See also_: *note ACHAR::, *note IACHAR::, *note ICHAR:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: CHDIR, Next: CHMOD, Prev: CHAR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.56 'CHDIR' -- Change working directory +9.56 `CHDIR' -- Change working directory ======================================== _Description_: @@ -7823,16 +7899,16 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL CHDIR(NAME [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = CHDIR(NAME)' + `CALL CHDIR(NAME [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = CHDIR(NAME)' _Arguments_: - NAME The type shall be 'CHARACTER' of default kind - and shall specify a valid path within the file - system. - STATUS (Optional) 'INTEGER' status flag of the default - kind. Returns 0 on success, and a system - specific and nonzero error code otherwise. + NAME The type shall be `CHARACTER' of default kind + and shall specify a valid path within the file + system. + STATUS (Optional) `INTEGER' status flag of the default + kind. Returns 0 on success, and a system + specific and nonzero error code otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM test_chdir @@ -7850,11 +7926,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CHMOD, Next: CMPLX, Prev: CHDIR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.57 'CHMOD' -- Change access permissions of files +9.57 `CHMOD' -- Change access permissions of files ================================================== _Description_: - 'CHMOD' changes the permissions of a file. + `CHMOD' changes the permissions of a file. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -7866,40 +7942,37 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL CHMOD(NAME, MODE[, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = CHMOD(NAME, MODE)' + `CALL CHMOD(NAME, MODE[, STATUS])' + `STATUS = CHMOD(NAME, MODE)' _Arguments_: - - NAME Scalar 'CHARACTER' of default kind with the file - name. Trailing blanks are ignored unless the - character 'achar(0)' is present, then all - characters up to and excluding 'achar(0)' are - used as the file name. - - MODE Scalar 'CHARACTER' of default kind giving the - file permission. MODE uses the same syntax as - the 'chmod' utility as defined by the POSIX - standard. The argument shall either be a string - of a nonnegative octal number or a symbolic - mode. - - STATUS (optional) scalar 'INTEGER', which is '0' on - success and nonzero otherwise. + NAME Scalar `CHARACTER' of default kind with the + file name. Trailing blanks are ignored unless + the character `achar(0)' is present, then all + characters up to and excluding `achar(0)' are + used as the file name. + MODE Scalar `CHARACTER' of default kind giving the + file permission. MODE uses the same syntax as + the `chmod' utility as defined by the POSIX + standard. The argument shall either be a + string of a nonnegative octal number or a + symbolic mode. + STATUS (optional) scalar `INTEGER', which is `0' on + success and nonzero otherwise. _Return value_: - In either syntax, STATUS is set to '0' on success and nonzero + In either syntax, STATUS is set to `0' on success and nonzero otherwise. _Example_: - 'CHMOD' as subroutine + `CHMOD' as subroutine program chmod_test implicit none integer :: status call chmod('test.dat','u+x',status) print *, 'Status: ', status end program chmod_test - 'CHMOD' as function: + `CHMOD' as function: program chmod_test implicit none integer :: status @@ -7907,18 +7980,19 @@ _Example_: print *, 'Status: ', status end program chmod_test + File: gfortran.info, Node: CMPLX, Next: CO_BROADCAST, Prev: CHMOD, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.58 'CMPLX' -- Complex conversion function +9.58 `CMPLX' -- Complex conversion function =========================================== _Description_: - 'CMPLX(X [, Y [, KIND]])' returns a complex number where X is + `CMPLX(X [, Y [, KIND]])' returns a complex number where X is converted to the real component. If Y is present it is converted - to the imaginary component. If Y is not present then the imaginary - component is set to 0.0. If X is complex then Y must not be - present. + to the imaginary component. If Y is not present then the + imaginary component is set to 0.0. If X is complex then Y must + not be present. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -7927,20 +8001,21 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = CMPLX(X [, Y [, KIND]])' + `RESULT = CMPLX(X [, Y [, KIND]])' _Arguments_: - X The type may be 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or 'COMPLEX'. - Y (Optional; only allowed if X is not 'COMPLEX'.) - May be 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + X The type may be `INTEGER', `REAL', or + `COMPLEX'. + Y (Optional; only allowed if X is not + `COMPLEX'.) May be `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of 'COMPLEX' type, with a kind equal to KIND if - it is specified. If KIND is not specified, the result is of the - default 'COMPLEX' kind, regardless of the kinds of X and Y. + The return value is of `COMPLEX' type, with a kind equal to KIND + if it is specified. If KIND is not specified, the result is of + the default `COMPLEX' kind, regardless of the kinds of X and Y. _Example_: program test_cmplx @@ -7957,16 +8032,16 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CO_BROADCAST, Next: CO_MAX, Prev: CMPLX, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.59 'CO_BROADCAST' -- Copy a value to all images the current set of images +9.59 `CO_BROADCAST' -- Copy a value to all images the current set of images =========================================================================== _Description_: - 'CO_BROADCAST' copies the value of argument A on the image with - image index 'SOURCE_IMAGE' to all images in the current team. A + `CO_BROADCAST' copies the value of argument A on the image with + image index `SOURCE_IMAGE' to all images in the current team. A becomes defined as if by intrinsic assignment. If the execution was successful and STAT is present, it is assigned the value zero. - If the execution failed, STAT gets assigned a nonzero value and, if - present, ERRMSG gets assigned a value describing the occurred + If the execution failed, STAT gets assigned a nonzero value and, + if present, ERRMSG gets assigned a value describing the occurred error. _Standard_: @@ -7976,18 +8051,18 @@ _Class_: Collective subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL CO_BROADCAST(A, SOURCE_IMAGE [, STAT, ERRMSG])' + `CALL CO_BROADCAST(A, SOURCE_IMAGE [, STAT, ERRMSG])' _Arguments_: - A INTENT(INOUT) argument; shall have the same - dynamic type and type paramters on all images of - the current team. If it is an array, it shall - have the same shape on all images. - SOURCE_IMAGEa scalar integer expression. It shall have the - same the same value on all images and refer to - an image of the current team. - STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable - ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable + A INTENT(INOUT) argument; shall have the same + dynamic type and type paramters on all images + of the current team. If it is an array, it + shall have the same shape on all images. + SOURCE_IMAGEa scalar integer expression. It shall have + the same the same value on all images and + refer to an image of the current team. + STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable + ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable _Example_: program test @@ -8005,19 +8080,19 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CO_MAX, Next: CO_MIN, Prev: CO_BROADCAST, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.60 'CO_MAX' -- Maximal value on the current set of images +9.60 `CO_MAX' -- Maximal value on the current set of images =========================================================== _Description_: - 'CO_MAX' determines element-wise the maximal value of A on all + `CO_MAX' determines element-wise the maximal value of A on all images of the current team. If RESULT_IMAGE is present, the maximum values are returned in A on the specified image only and the value of A on the other images become undefined. If RESULT_IMAGE is not present, the value is returned on all images. - If the execution was successful and STAT is present, it is assigned - the value zero. If the execution failed, STAT gets assigned a - nonzero value and, if present, ERRMSG gets assigned a value - describing the occurred error. + If the execution was successful and STAT is present, it is + assigned the value zero. If the execution failed, STAT gets + assigned a nonzero value and, if present, ERRMSG gets assigned a + value describing the occurred error. _Standard_: Technical Specification (TS) 18508 or later @@ -8026,18 +8101,18 @@ _Class_: Collective subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL CO_MAX(A [, RESULT_IMAGE, STAT, ERRMSG])' + `CALL CO_MAX(A [, RESULT_IMAGE, STAT, ERRMSG])' _Arguments_: - A shall be an integer, real or character variable, - which has the same type and type parameters on - all images of the team. + A shall be an integer, real or character + variable, which has the same type and type + parameters on all images of the team. RESULT_IMAGE(optional) a scalar integer expression; if - present, it shall have the same the same value - on all images and refer to an image of the - current team. - STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable - ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable + present, it shall have the same the same value + on all images and refer to an image of the + current team. + STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable + ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable _Example_: program test @@ -8056,19 +8131,19 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CO_MIN, Next: CO_REDUCE, Prev: CO_MAX, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.61 'CO_MIN' -- Minimal value on the current set of images +9.61 `CO_MIN' -- Minimal value on the current set of images =========================================================== _Description_: - 'CO_MIN' determines element-wise the minimal value of A on all + `CO_MIN' determines element-wise the minimal value of A on all images of the current team. If RESULT_IMAGE is present, the minimal values are returned in A on the specified image only and the value of A on the other images become undefined. If RESULT_IMAGE is not present, the value is returned on all images. - If the execution was successful and STAT is present, it is assigned - the value zero. If the execution failed, STAT gets assigned a - nonzero value and, if present, ERRMSG gets assigned a value - describing the occurred error. + If the execution was successful and STAT is present, it is + assigned the value zero. If the execution failed, STAT gets + assigned a nonzero value and, if present, ERRMSG gets assigned a + value describing the occurred error. _Standard_: Technical Specification (TS) 18508 or later @@ -8077,18 +8152,18 @@ _Class_: Collective subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL CO_MIN(A [, RESULT_IMAGE, STAT, ERRMSG])' + `CALL CO_MIN(A [, RESULT_IMAGE, STAT, ERRMSG])' _Arguments_: - A shall be an integer, real or character variable, - which has the same type and type parameters on - all images of the team. + A shall be an integer, real or character + variable, which has the same type and type + parameters on all images of the team. RESULT_IMAGE(optional) a scalar integer expression; if - present, it shall have the same the same value - on all images and refer to an image of the - current team. - STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable - ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable + present, it shall have the same the same value + on all images and refer to an image of the + current team. + STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable + ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable _Example_: program test @@ -8107,22 +8182,22 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CO_REDUCE, Next: CO_SUM, Prev: CO_MIN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.62 'CO_REDUCE' -- Reduction of values on the current set of images +9.62 `CO_REDUCE' -- Reduction of values on the current set of images ==================================================================== _Description_: - 'CO_REDUCE' determines element-wise the reduction of the value of A + `CO_REDUCE' determines element-wise the reduction of the value of A on all images of the current team. The pure function passed as OPERATOR is used to pairwise reduce the values of A by passing either the value of A of different images or the result values of such a reduction as argument. If A is an array, the deduction is - done element wise. If RESULT_IMAGE is present, the result values - are returned in A on the specified image only and the value of A on - the other images become undefined. If RESULT_IMAGE is not present, - the value is returned on all images. If the execution was - successful and STAT is present, it is assigned the value zero. If - the execution failed, STAT gets assigned a nonzero value and, if - present, ERRMSG gets assigned a value describing the occurred + done element wise. If RESULT_IMAGE is present, the result values + are returned in A on the specified image only and the value of A + on the other images become undefined. If RESULT_IMAGE is not + present, the value is returned on all images. If the execution + was successful and STAT is present, it is assigned the value zero. + If the execution failed, STAT gets assigned a nonzero value and, + if present, ERRMSG gets assigned a value describing the occurred error. _Standard_: @@ -8132,32 +8207,32 @@ _Class_: Collective subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL CO_REDUCE(A, OPERATOR, [, RESULT_IMAGE, STAT, ERRMSG])' - -_Arguments_: - A is an 'INTENT(INOUT)' argument and shall be - nonpolymorphic. If it is allocatable, it shall - be allocated; if it is a pointer, it shall be - associated. A shall have the same type and type - parameters on all images of the team; if it is - an array, it shall have the same shape on all - images. - OPERATOR pure function with two scalar nonallocatable - arguments, which shall be nonpolymorphic and - have the same type and type parameters as A. - The function shall return a nonallocatable - scalar of the same type and type parameters as - A. The function shall be the same on all images - and with regards to the arguments mathematically - commutative and associative. Note that OPERATOR - may not be an elemental function, unless it is - an intrisic function. + `CALL CO_REDUCE(A, OPERATOR, [, RESULT_IMAGE, STAT, ERRMSG])' + +_Arguments_: + A is an `INTENT(INOUT)' argument and shall be + nonpolymorphic. If it is allocatable, it shall + be allocated; if it is a pointer, it shall be + associated. A shall have the same type and + type parameters on all images of the team; if + it is an array, it shall have the same shape + on all images. + OPERATOR pure function with two scalar nonallocatable + arguments, which shall be nonpolymorphic and + have the same type and type parameters as A. + The function shall return a nonallocatable + scalar of the same type and type parameters as + A. The function shall be the same on all + images and with regards to the arguments + mathematically commutative and associative. + Note that OPERATOR may not be an elemental + function, unless it is an intrisic function. RESULT_IMAGE(optional) a scalar integer expression; if - present, it shall have the same the same value - on all images and refer to an image of the - current team. - STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable - ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable + present, it shall have the same the same value + on all images and refer to an image of the + current team. + STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable + ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable _Example_: program test @@ -8188,15 +8263,15 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CO_SUM, Next: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT, Prev: CO_REDUCE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.63 'CO_SUM' -- Sum of values on the current set of images +9.63 `CO_SUM' -- Sum of values on the current set of images =========================================================== _Description_: - 'CO_SUM' sums up the values of each element of A on all images of - the current team. If RESULT_IMAGE is present, the summed-up values - are returned in A on the specified image only and the value of A on - the other images become undefined. If RESULT_IMAGE is not present, - the value is returned on all images. If the execution was + `CO_SUM' sums up the values of each element of A on all images of + the current team. If RESULT_IMAGE is present, the summed-up + values are returned in A on the specified image only and the value + of A on the other images become undefined. If RESULT_IMAGE is not + present, the value is returned on all images. If the execution was successful and STAT is present, it is assigned the value zero. If the execution failed, STAT gets assigned a nonzero value and, if present, ERRMSG gets assigned a value describing the occurred @@ -8209,18 +8284,18 @@ _Class_: Collective subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL CO_MIN(A [, RESULT_IMAGE, STAT, ERRMSG])' + `CALL CO_MIN(A [, RESULT_IMAGE, STAT, ERRMSG])' _Arguments_: - A shall be an integer, real or complex variable, - which has the same type and type parameters on - all images of the team. + A shall be an integer, real or complex variable, + which has the same type and type parameters on + all images of the team. RESULT_IMAGE(optional) a scalar integer expression; if - present, it shall have the same the same value - on all images and refer to an image of the - current team. - STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable - ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable + present, it shall have the same the same value + on all images and refer to an image of the + current team. + STAT (optional) a scalar integer variable + ERRMSG (optional) a scalar character variable _Example_: program test @@ -8239,11 +8314,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT, Next: COMPILER_OPTIONS, Prev: CO_SUM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.64 'COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT' -- Get number of command line arguments +9.64 `COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT' -- Get number of command line arguments ===================================================================== _Description_: - 'COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT' returns the number of arguments passed on + `COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT' returns the number of arguments passed on the command line when the containing program was invoked. _Standard_: @@ -8253,13 +8328,13 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT()' + `RESULT = COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT()' _Arguments_: - None + None _Return value_: - The return value is an 'INTEGER' of default kind. + The return value is an `INTEGER' of default kind. _Example_: program test_command_argument_count @@ -8274,21 +8349,21 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: COMPILER_OPTIONS, Next: COMPILER_VERSION, Prev: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.65 'COMPILER_OPTIONS' -- Options passed to the compiler +9.65 `COMPILER_OPTIONS' -- Options passed to the compiler ========================================================= _Description_: - 'COMPILER_OPTIONS' returns a string with the options used for + `COMPILER_OPTIONS' returns a string with the options used for compiling. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 _Class_: - Inquiry function of the module 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' + Inquiry function of the module `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' _Syntax_: - 'STR = COMPILER_OPTIONS()' + `STR = COMPILER_OPTIONS()' _Arguments_: None. @@ -8296,7 +8371,7 @@ _Arguments_: _Return value_: The return value is a default-kind string with system-dependent length. It contains the compiler flags used to compile the file, - which called the 'COMPILER_OPTIONS' intrinsic. + which called the `COMPILER_OPTIONS' intrinsic. _Example_: use iso_fortran_env @@ -8311,21 +8386,21 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: COMPILER_VERSION, Next: COMPLEX, Prev: COMPILER_OPTIONS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.66 'COMPILER_VERSION' -- Compiler version string +9.66 `COMPILER_VERSION' -- Compiler version string ================================================== _Description_: - 'COMPILER_VERSION' returns a string with the name and the version + `COMPILER_VERSION' returns a string with the name and the version of the compiler. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 _Class_: - Inquiry function of the module 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' + Inquiry function of the module `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' _Syntax_: - 'STR = COMPILER_VERSION()' + `STR = COMPILER_VERSION()' _Arguments_: None. @@ -8348,11 +8423,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: COMPLEX, Next: CONJG, Prev: COMPILER_VERSION, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.67 'COMPLEX' -- Complex conversion function +9.67 `COMPLEX' -- Complex conversion function ============================================= _Description_: - 'COMPLEX(X, Y)' returns a complex number where X is converted to + `COMPLEX(X, Y)' returns a complex number where X is converted to the real component and Y is converted to the imaginary component. _Standard_: @@ -8362,19 +8437,19 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = COMPLEX(X, Y)' + `RESULT = COMPLEX(X, Y)' _Arguments_: - X The type may be 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - Y The type may be 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. + X The type may be `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + Y The type may be `INTEGER' or `REAL'. _Return value_: - If X and Y are both of 'INTEGER' type, then the return value is of - default 'COMPLEX' type. + If X and Y are both of `INTEGER' type, then the return value is of + default `COMPLEX' type. - If X and Y are of 'REAL' type, or one is of 'REAL' type and one is - of 'INTEGER' type, then the return value is of 'COMPLEX' type with - a kind equal to that of the 'REAL' argument with the highest + If X and Y are of `REAL' type, or one is of `REAL' type and one is + of `INTEGER' type, then the return value is of `COMPLEX' type with + a kind equal to that of the `REAL' argument with the highest precision. _Example_: @@ -8390,12 +8465,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CONJG, Next: COS, Prev: COMPLEX, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.68 'CONJG' -- Complex conjugate function +9.68 `CONJG' -- Complex conjugate function ========================================== _Description_: - 'CONJG(Z)' returns the conjugate of Z. If Z is '(x, y)' then the - result is '(x, -y)' + `CONJG(Z)' returns the conjugate of Z. If Z is `(x, y)' then the + result is `(x, -y)' _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions @@ -8404,13 +8479,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'Z = CONJG(Z)' + `Z = CONJG(Z)' _Arguments_: - Z The type shall be 'COMPLEX'. + Z The type shall be `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'COMPLEX'. + The return value is of type `COMPLEX'. _Example_: program test_conjg @@ -8423,19 +8498,19 @@ _Example_: end program test_conjg _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'CONJG(Z)' 'COMPLEX Z' 'COMPLEX' GNU extension - 'DCONJG(Z)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension - Z' + Name Argument Return type Standard + `CONJG(Z)' `COMPLEX Z' `COMPLEX' GNU extension + `DCONJG(Z)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension + Z' File: gfortran.info, Node: COS, Next: COSH, Prev: CONJG, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.69 'COS' -- Cosine function +9.69 `COS' -- Cosine function ============================= _Description_: - 'COS(X)' computes the cosine of X. + `COS(X)' computes the cosine of X. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions @@ -8444,15 +8519,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = COS(X)' + `RESULT = COS(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is of the same type and kind as X. The real part - of the result is in radians. If X is of the type 'REAL', the - return value lies in the range -1 \leq \cos (x) \leq 1. + The return value is of the same type and kind as X. The real part + of the result is in radians. If X is of the type `REAL', the + return value lies in the range -1 \leq \cos (x) \leq 1. _Example_: program test_cos @@ -8461,29 +8536,30 @@ _Example_: end program test_cos _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'COS(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DCOS(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'CCOS(X)' 'COMPLEX(4) 'COMPLEX(4)' Fortran 77 and - X' later - 'ZCOS(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension - X' - 'CDCOS(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension - X' + Name Argument Return type Standard + `COS(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DCOS(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later + `CCOS(X)' `COMPLEX(4) `COMPLEX(4)' Fortran 77 and + X' later + `ZCOS(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension + X' + `CDCOS(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension + X' _See also_: Inverse function: *note ACOS:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: COSH, Next: COUNT, Prev: COS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.70 'COSH' -- Hyperbolic cosine function +9.70 `COSH' -- Hyperbolic cosine function ========================================= _Description_: - 'COSH(X)' computes the hyperbolic cosine of X. + `COSH(X)' computes the hyperbolic cosine of X. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, for a complex argument Fortran 2008 or later @@ -8492,14 +8568,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'X = COSH(X)' + `X = COSH(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value has same type and kind as X. If X is complex, the - imaginary part of the result is in radians. If X is 'REAL', the + The return value has same type and kind as X. If X is complex, the + imaginary part of the result is in radians. If X is `REAL', the return value has a lower bound of one, \cosh (x) \geq 1. _Example_: @@ -8509,28 +8585,28 @@ _Example_: end program test_cosh _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'COSH(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DCOSH(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `COSH(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DCOSH(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later _See also_: Inverse function: *note ACOSH:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: COUNT, Next: CPU_TIME, Prev: COSH, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.71 'COUNT' -- Count function +9.71 `COUNT' -- Count function ============================== _Description_: - - Counts the number of '.TRUE.' elements in a logical MASK, or, if + Counts the number of `.TRUE.' elements in a logical MASK, or, if the DIM argument is supplied, counts the number of elements along each row of the array in the DIM direction. If the array has zero - size, or all of the elements of MASK are '.FALSE.', then the result - is '0'. + size, or all of the elements of MASK are `.FALSE.', then the + result is `0'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later @@ -8539,17 +8615,17 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = COUNT(MASK [, DIM, KIND])' + `RESULT = COUNT(MASK [, DIM, KIND])' _Arguments_: - MASK The type shall be 'LOGICAL'. - DIM (Optional) The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + MASK The type shall be `LOGICAL'. + DIM (Optional) The type shall be `INTEGER'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. If DIM is present, the result is an array with a rank one less than the rank of ARRAY, and a size corresponding to the shape of ARRAY with the @@ -8581,20 +8657,20 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CPU_TIME, Next: CSHIFT, Prev: COUNT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.72 'CPU_TIME' -- CPU elapsed time in seconds +9.72 `CPU_TIME' -- CPU elapsed time in seconds ============================================== _Description_: - Returns a 'REAL' value representing the elapsed CPU time in + Returns a `REAL' value representing the elapsed CPU time in seconds. This is useful for testing segments of code to determine execution time. If a time source is available, time will be reported with - microsecond resolution. If no time source is available, TIME is - set to '-1.0'. + microsecond resolution. If no time source is available, TIME is + set to `-1.0'. Note that TIME may contain a, system dependent, arbitrary offset - and may not start with '0.0'. For 'CPU_TIME', the absolute value + and may not start with `0.0'. For `CPU_TIME', the absolute value is meaningless, only differences between subsequent calls to this subroutine, as shown in the example below, should be used. @@ -8605,10 +8681,10 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL CPU_TIME(TIME)' + `CALL CPU_TIME(TIME)' _Arguments_: - TIME The type shall be 'REAL' with 'INTENT(OUT)'. + TIME The type shall be `REAL' with `INTENT(OUT)'. _Return value_: None @@ -8628,19 +8704,19 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CSHIFT, Next: CTIME, Prev: CPU_TIME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.73 'CSHIFT' -- Circular shift elements of an array +9.73 `CSHIFT' -- Circular shift elements of an array ==================================================== _Description_: - 'CSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM])' performs a circular shift on - elements of ARRAY along the dimension of DIM. If DIM is omitted it - is taken to be '1'. DIM is a scalar of type 'INTEGER' in the range - of 1 \leq DIM \leq n) where n is the rank of ARRAY. If the rank of - ARRAY is one, then all elements of ARRAY are shifted by SHIFT - places. If rank is greater than one, then all complete rank one - sections of ARRAY along the given dimension are shifted. Elements - shifted out one end of each rank one section are shifted back in - the other end. + `CSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM])' performs a circular shift on + elements of ARRAY along the dimension of DIM. If DIM is omitted + it is taken to be `1'. DIM is a scalar of type `INTEGER' in the + range of 1 \leq DIM \leq n) where n is the rank of ARRAY. If the + rank of ARRAY is one, then all elements of ARRAY are shifted by + SHIFT places. If rank is greater than one, then all complete rank + one sections of ARRAY along the given dimension are shifted. + Elements shifted out one end of each rank one section are shifted + back in the other end. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -8649,12 +8725,12 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = CSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM])' + `RESULT = CSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of any type. - SHIFT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - DIM The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + ARRAY Shall be an array of any type. + SHIFT The type shall be `INTEGER'. + DIM The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: Returns an array of same type and rank as the ARRAY argument. @@ -8676,12 +8752,12 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: CTIME, Next: DATE_AND_TIME, Prev: CSHIFT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.74 'CTIME' -- Convert a time into a string +9.74 `CTIME' -- Convert a time into a string ============================================ _Description_: - 'CTIME' converts a system time value, such as returned by 'TIME8', - to a string. The output will be of the form 'Sat Aug 19 18:13:14 + `CTIME' converts a system time value, such as returned by `TIME8', + to a string. The output will be of the form `Sat Aug 19 18:13:14 1995'. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; @@ -8694,16 +8770,17 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL CTIME(TIME, RESULT)'. - 'RESULT = CTIME(TIME)'. + `CALL CTIME(TIME, RESULT)'. + `RESULT = CTIME(TIME)'. _Arguments_: - TIME The type shall be of type 'INTEGER'. - RESULT The type shall be of type 'CHARACTER' and of - default kind. It is an 'INTENT(OUT)' argument. - If the length of this variable is too short for - the time and date string to fit completely, it - will be blank on procedure return. + TIME The type shall be of type `INTEGER'. + RESULT The type shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of + default kind. It is an `INTENT(OUT)' argument. + If the length of this variable is too short + for the time and date string to fit + completely, it will be blank on procedure + return. _Return value_: The converted date and time as a string. @@ -8721,35 +8798,35 @@ _Example_: end program test_ctime _See Also_: - *note DATE_AND_TIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note TIME::, - *note TIME8:: + *note DATE_AND_TIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note + TIME::, *note TIME8:: File: gfortran.info, Node: DATE_AND_TIME, Next: DBLE, Prev: CTIME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.75 'DATE_AND_TIME' -- Date and time subroutine +9.75 `DATE_AND_TIME' -- Date and time subroutine ================================================ _Description_: - 'DATE_AND_TIME(DATE, TIME, ZONE, VALUES)' gets the corresponding + `DATE_AND_TIME(DATE, TIME, ZONE, VALUES)' gets the corresponding date and time information from the real-time system clock. DATE is - 'INTENT(OUT)' and has form ccyymmdd. TIME is 'INTENT(OUT)' and has - form hhmmss.sss. ZONE is 'INTENT(OUT)' and has form (+-)hhmm, + `INTENT(OUT)' and has form ccyymmdd. TIME is `INTENT(OUT)' and + has form hhmmss.sss. ZONE is `INTENT(OUT)' and has form (+-)hhmm, representing the difference with respect to Coordinated Universal - Time (UTC). Unavailable time and date parameters return blanks. + Time (UTC). Unavailable time and date parameters return blanks. - VALUES is 'INTENT(OUT)' and provides the following: + VALUES is `INTENT(OUT)' and provides the following: - 'VALUE(1)': The year - 'VALUE(2)': The month - 'VALUE(3)': The day of the month - 'VALUE(4)': Time difference with UTC in - minutes - 'VALUE(5)': The hour of the day - 'VALUE(6)': The minutes of the hour - 'VALUE(7)': The seconds of the minute - 'VALUE(8)': The milliseconds of the - second + `VALUE(1)': The year + `VALUE(2)': The month + `VALUE(3)': The day of the month + `VALUE(4)': Time difference with UTC + in minutes + `VALUE(5)': The hour of the day + `VALUE(6)': The minutes of the hour + `VALUE(7)': The seconds of the minute + `VALUE(8)': The milliseconds of the + second _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -8758,16 +8835,17 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL DATE_AND_TIME([DATE, TIME, ZONE, VALUES])' + `CALL DATE_AND_TIME([DATE, TIME, ZONE, VALUES])' _Arguments_: - DATE (Optional) The type shall be 'CHARACTER(LEN=8)' - or larger, and of default kind. - TIME (Optional) The type shall be 'CHARACTER(LEN=10)' - or larger, and of default kind. - ZONE (Optional) The type shall be 'CHARACTER(LEN=5)' - or larger, and of default kind. - VALUES (Optional) The type shall be 'INTEGER(8)'. + DATE (Optional) The type shall be `CHARACTER(LEN=8)' + or larger, and of default kind. + TIME (Optional) The type shall be + `CHARACTER(LEN=10)' or larger, and of default + kind. + ZONE (Optional) The type shall be `CHARACTER(LEN=5)' + or larger, and of default kind. + VALUES (Optional) The type shall be `INTEGER(8)'. _Return value_: None @@ -8793,11 +8871,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: DBLE, Next: DCMPLX, Prev: DATE_AND_TIME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.76 'DBLE' -- Double conversion function +9.76 `DBLE' -- Double conversion function ========================================= _Description_: - 'DBLE(A)' Converts A to double precision real type. + `DBLE(A)' Converts A to double precision real type. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -8806,11 +8884,11 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = DBLE(A)' + `RESULT = DBLE(A)' _Arguments_: - A The type shall be 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or - 'COMPLEX'. + A The type shall be `INTEGER', `REAL', or + `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: The return value is of type double precision real. @@ -8829,15 +8907,15 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: DCMPLX, Next: DIGITS, Prev: DBLE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.77 'DCMPLX' -- Double complex conversion function +9.77 `DCMPLX' -- Double complex conversion function =================================================== _Description_: - 'DCMPLX(X [,Y])' returns a double complex number where X is + `DCMPLX(X [,Y])' returns a double complex number where X is converted to the real component. If Y is present it is converted - to the imaginary component. If Y is not present then the imaginary - component is set to 0.0. If X is complex then Y must not be - present. + to the imaginary component. If Y is not present then the + imaginary component is set to 0.0. If X is complex then Y must + not be present. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -8846,15 +8924,16 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = DCMPLX(X [, Y])' + `RESULT = DCMPLX(X [, Y])' _Arguments_: - X The type may be 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or 'COMPLEX'. - Y (Optional if X is not 'COMPLEX'.) May be - 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. + X The type may be `INTEGER', `REAL', or + `COMPLEX'. + Y (Optional if X is not `COMPLEX'.) May be + `INTEGER' or `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'COMPLEX(8)' + The return value is of type `COMPLEX(8)' _Example_: program test_dcmplx @@ -8871,14 +8950,14 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: DIGITS, Next: DIM, Prev: DCMPLX, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.78 'DIGITS' -- Significant binary digits function +9.78 `DIGITS' -- Significant binary digits function =================================================== _Description_: - 'DIGITS(X)' returns the number of significant binary digits of the - internal model representation of X. For example, on a system using - a 32-bit floating point representation, a default real number would - likely return 24. + `DIGITS(X)' returns the number of significant binary digits of the + internal model representation of X. For example, on a system + using a 32-bit floating point representation, a default real + number would likely return 24. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -8887,13 +8966,13 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = DIGITS(X)' + `RESULT = DIGITS(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type may be 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. + X The type may be `INTEGER' or `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER'. + The return value is of type `INTEGER'. _Example_: program test_digits @@ -8908,11 +8987,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: DIM, Next: DOT_PRODUCT, Prev: DIGITS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.79 'DIM' -- Positive difference +9.79 `DIM' -- Positive difference ================================= _Description_: - 'DIM(X,Y)' returns the difference 'X-Y' if the result is positive; + `DIM(X,Y)' returns the difference `X-Y' if the result is positive; otherwise returns zero. _Standard_: @@ -8922,14 +9001,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = DIM(X, Y)' + `RESULT = DIM(X, Y)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'INTEGER' or 'REAL' - Y The type shall be the same type and kind as X. + X The type shall be `INTEGER' or `REAL' + Y The type shall be the same type and kind as X. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'. _Example_: program test_dim @@ -8942,28 +9021,29 @@ _Example_: end program test_dim _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DIM(X,Y)' 'REAL(4) X, 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - Y' later - 'IDIM(X,Y)' 'INTEGER(4) 'INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and - X, Y' later - 'DDIM(X,Y)' 'REAL(8) X, 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - Y' later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DIM(X,Y)' `REAL(4) X, `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + Y' later + `IDIM(X,Y)' `INTEGER(4) `INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and + X, Y' later + `DDIM(X,Y)' `REAL(8) X, `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + Y' later File: gfortran.info, Node: DOT_PRODUCT, Next: DPROD, Prev: DIM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.80 'DOT_PRODUCT' -- Dot product function +9.80 `DOT_PRODUCT' -- Dot product function ========================================== _Description_: - 'DOT_PRODUCT(VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B)' computes the dot product + `DOT_PRODUCT(VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B)' computes the dot product multiplication of two vectors VECTOR_A and VECTOR_B. The two - vectors may be either numeric or logical and must be arrays of rank - one and of equal size. If the vectors are 'INTEGER' or 'REAL', the - result is 'SUM(VECTOR_A*VECTOR_B)'. If the vectors are 'COMPLEX', - the result is 'SUM(CONJG(VECTOR_A)*VECTOR_B)'. If the vectors are - 'LOGICAL', the result is 'ANY(VECTOR_A .AND. VECTOR_B)'. + vectors may be either numeric or logical and must be arrays of + rank one and of equal size. If the vectors are `INTEGER' or + `REAL', the result is `SUM(VECTOR_A*VECTOR_B)'. If the vectors are + `COMPLEX', the result is `SUM(CONJG(VECTOR_A)*VECTOR_B)'. If the + vectors are `LOGICAL', the result is `ANY(VECTOR_A .AND. + VECTOR_B)'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -8972,18 +9052,19 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = DOT_PRODUCT(VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B)' + `RESULT = DOT_PRODUCT(VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B)' _Arguments_: - VECTOR_A The type shall be numeric or 'LOGICAL', rank 1. - VECTOR_B The type shall be numeric if VECTOR_A is of - numeric type or 'LOGICAL' if VECTOR_A is of type - 'LOGICAL'. VECTOR_B shall be a rank-one array. + VECTOR_A The type shall be numeric or `LOGICAL', rank 1. + VECTOR_B The type shall be numeric if VECTOR_A is of + numeric type or `LOGICAL' if VECTOR_A is of + type `LOGICAL'. VECTOR_B shall be a rank-one + array. _Return value_: If the arguments are numeric, the return value is a scalar of - numeric type, 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or 'COMPLEX'. If the arguments - are 'LOGICAL', the return value is '.TRUE.' or '.FALSE.'. + numeric type, `INTEGER', `REAL', or `COMPLEX'. If the arguments + are `LOGICAL', the return value is `.TRUE.' or `.FALSE.'. _Example_: program test_dot_prod @@ -9000,11 +9081,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: DPROD, Next: DREAL, Prev: DOT_PRODUCT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.81 'DPROD' -- Double product function +9.81 `DPROD' -- Double product function ======================================= _Description_: - 'DPROD(X,Y)' returns the product 'X*Y'. + `DPROD(X,Y)' returns the product `X*Y'. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -9013,14 +9094,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = DPROD(X, Y)' + `RESULT = DPROD(X, Y)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. - Y The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. + Y The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL(8)'. + The return value is of type `REAL(8)'. _Example_: program test_dprod @@ -9032,18 +9113,19 @@ _Example_: end program test_dprod _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DPROD(X,Y)' 'REAL(4) X, 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - Y' later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DPROD(X,Y)' `REAL(4) X, `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + Y' later + File: gfortran.info, Node: DREAL, Next: DSHIFTL, Prev: DPROD, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.82 'DREAL' -- Double real part function +9.82 `DREAL' -- Double real part function ========================================= _Description_: - 'DREAL(Z)' returns the real part of complex variable Z. + `DREAL(Z)' returns the real part of complex variable Z. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -9052,13 +9134,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = DREAL(A)' + `RESULT = DREAL(A)' _Arguments_: - A The type shall be 'COMPLEX(8)'. + A The type shall be `COMPLEX(8)'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL(8)'. + The return value is of type `REAL(8)'. _Example_: program test_dreal @@ -9069,14 +9151,15 @@ _Example_: _See also_: *note AIMAG:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: DSHIFTL, Next: DSHIFTR, Prev: DREAL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.83 'DSHIFTL' -- Combined left shift +9.83 `DSHIFTL' -- Combined left shift ===================================== _Description_: - 'DSHIFTL(I, J, SHIFT)' combines bits of I and J. The rightmost + `DSHIFTL(I, J, SHIFT)' combines bits of I and J. The rightmost SHIFT bits of the result are the leftmost SHIFT bits of J, and the remaining bits are the rightmost bits of I. @@ -9087,23 +9170,23 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = DSHIFTL(I, J, SHIFT)' + `RESULT = DSHIFTL(I, J, SHIFT)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER' or a BOZ constant. - J Shall be of type 'INTEGER' or a BOZ constant. - If both I and J have integer type, then they - shall have the same kind type parameter. I and - J shall not both be BOZ constants. - SHIFT Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. It shall be - nonnegative. If I is not a BOZ constant, then - SHIFT shall be less than or equal to - 'BIT_SIZE(I)'; otherwise, SHIFT shall be less - than or equal to 'BIT_SIZE(J)'. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER' or a BOZ constant. + J Shall be of type `INTEGER' or a BOZ constant. + If both I and J have integer type, then they + shall have the same kind type parameter. I and + J shall not both be BOZ constants. + SHIFT Shall be of type `INTEGER'. It shall be + nonnegative. If I is not a BOZ constant, then + SHIFT shall be less than or equal to + `BIT_SIZE(I)'; otherwise, SHIFT shall be less + than or equal to `BIT_SIZE(J)'. _Return value_: If either I or J is a BOZ constant, it is first converted as if by - the intrinsic function 'INT' to an integer type with the kind type + the intrinsic function `INT' to an integer type with the kind type parameter of the other. _See also_: @@ -9112,13 +9195,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: DSHIFTR, Next: DTIME, Prev: DSHIFTL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.84 'DSHIFTR' -- Combined right shift +9.84 `DSHIFTR' -- Combined right shift ====================================== _Description_: - 'DSHIFTR(I, J, SHIFT)' combines bits of I and J. The leftmost - SHIFT bits of the result are the rightmost SHIFT bits of I, and the - remaining bits are the leftmost bits of J. + `DSHIFTR(I, J, SHIFT)' combines bits of I and J. The leftmost + SHIFT bits of the result are the rightmost SHIFT bits of I, and + the remaining bits are the leftmost bits of J. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -9127,23 +9210,23 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = DSHIFTR(I, J, SHIFT)' + `RESULT = DSHIFTR(I, J, SHIFT)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER' or a BOZ constant. - J Shall be of type 'INTEGER' or a BOZ constant. - If both I and J have integer type, then they - shall have the same kind type parameter. I and - J shall not both be BOZ constants. - SHIFT Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. It shall be - nonnegative. If I is not a BOZ constant, then - SHIFT shall be less than or equal to - 'BIT_SIZE(I)'; otherwise, SHIFT shall be less - than or equal to 'BIT_SIZE(J)'. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER' or a BOZ constant. + J Shall be of type `INTEGER' or a BOZ constant. + If both I and J have integer type, then they + shall have the same kind type parameter. I and + J shall not both be BOZ constants. + SHIFT Shall be of type `INTEGER'. It shall be + nonnegative. If I is not a BOZ constant, then + SHIFT shall be less than or equal to + `BIT_SIZE(I)'; otherwise, SHIFT shall be less + than or equal to `BIT_SIZE(J)'. _Return value_: If either I or J is a BOZ constant, it is first converted as if by - the intrinsic function 'INT' to an integer type with the kind type + the intrinsic function `INT' to an integer type with the kind type parameter of the other. _See also_: @@ -9152,41 +9235,42 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: DTIME, Next: EOSHIFT, Prev: DSHIFTR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.85 'DTIME' -- Execution time subroutine (or function) +9.85 `DTIME' -- Execution time subroutine (or function) ======================================================= _Description_: - 'DTIME(VALUES, TIME)' initially returns the number of seconds of + `DTIME(VALUES, TIME)' initially returns the number of seconds of runtime since the start of the process's execution in TIME. VALUES - returns the user and system components of this time in 'VALUES(1)' - and 'VALUES(2)' respectively. TIME is equal to 'VALUES(1) + + returns the user and system components of this time in `VALUES(1)' + and `VALUES(2)' respectively. TIME is equal to `VALUES(1) + VALUES(2)'. - Subsequent invocations of 'DTIME' return values accumulated since + Subsequent invocations of `DTIME' return values accumulated since the previous invocation. - On some systems, the underlying timings are represented using types - with sufficiently small limits that overflows (wrap around) are - possible, such as 32-bit types. Therefore, the values returned by - this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or numerically less - than previous values, during a single run of the compiled program. + On some systems, the underlying timings are represented using + types with sufficiently small limits that overflows (wrap around) + are possible, such as 32-bit types. Therefore, the values returned + by this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or numerically + less than previous values, during a single run of the compiled + program. - Please note, that this implementation is thread safe if used within - OpenMP directives, i.e., its state will be consistent while called - from multiple threads. However, if 'DTIME' is called from multiple - threads, the result is still the time since the last invocation. - This may not give the intended results. If possible, use - 'CPU_TIME' instead. + Please note, that this implementation is thread safe if used + within OpenMP directives, i.e., its state will be consistent while + called from multiple threads. However, if `DTIME' is called from + multiple threads, the result is still the time since the last + invocation. This may not give the intended results. If possible, + use `CPU_TIME' instead. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. - VALUES and TIME are 'INTENT(OUT)' and provide the following: + VALUES and TIME are `INTENT(OUT)' and provide the following: - 'VALUES(1)': User time in seconds. - 'VALUES(2)': System time in seconds. - 'TIME': Run time since start in - seconds. + `VALUES(1)': User time in seconds. + `VALUES(2)': System time in seconds. + `TIME': Run time since start in + seconds. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -9195,12 +9279,12 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL DTIME(VALUES, TIME)'. - 'TIME = DTIME(VALUES)', (not recommended). + `CALL DTIME(VALUES, TIME)'. + `TIME = DTIME(VALUES)', (not recommended). _Arguments_: - VALUES The type shall be 'REAL(4), DIMENSION(2)'. - TIME The type shall be 'REAL(4)'. + VALUES The type shall be `REAL(4), DIMENSION(2)'. + TIME The type shall be `REAL(4)'. _Return value_: Elapsed time in seconds since the last invocation or since the @@ -9227,30 +9311,31 @@ _Example_: _See also_: *note CPU_TIME:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: EOSHIFT, Next: EPSILON, Prev: DTIME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.86 'EOSHIFT' -- End-off shift elements of an array +9.86 `EOSHIFT' -- End-off shift elements of an array ==================================================== _Description_: - 'EOSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT[, BOUNDARY, DIM])' performs an end-off shift - on elements of ARRAY along the dimension of DIM. If DIM is omitted - it is taken to be '1'. DIM is a scalar of type 'INTEGER' in the - range of 1 \leq DIM \leq n) where n is the rank of ARRAY. If the - rank of ARRAY is one, then all elements of ARRAY are shifted by - SHIFT places. If rank is greater than one, then all complete rank - one sections of ARRAY along the given dimension are shifted. - Elements shifted out one end of each rank one section are dropped. - If BOUNDARY is present then the corresponding value of from - BOUNDARY is copied back in the other end. If BOUNDARY is not - present then the following are copied in depending on the type of - ARRAY. - - _Array _Boundary Value_ - Type_ - Numeric 0 of the type and kind of ARRAY. - Logical '.FALSE.'. + `EOSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT[, BOUNDARY, DIM])' performs an end-off shift + on elements of ARRAY along the dimension of DIM. If DIM is + omitted it is taken to be `1'. DIM is a scalar of type `INTEGER' + in the range of 1 \leq DIM \leq n) where n is the rank of ARRAY. + If the rank of ARRAY is one, then all elements of ARRAY are + shifted by SHIFT places. If rank is greater than one, then all + complete rank one sections of ARRAY along the given dimension are + shifted. Elements shifted out one end of each rank one section + are dropped. If BOUNDARY is present then the corresponding value + of from BOUNDARY is copied back in the other end. If BOUNDARY is + not present then the following are copied in depending on the type + of ARRAY. + + _Array _Boundary Value_ + Type_ + Numeric 0 of the type and kind of ARRAY. + Logical `.FALSE.'. Character(LEN)LEN blanks. _Standard_: @@ -9260,13 +9345,13 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = EOSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, BOUNDARY, DIM])' + `RESULT = EOSHIFT(ARRAY, SHIFT [, BOUNDARY, DIM])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY May be any type, not scalar. - SHIFT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - BOUNDARY Same type as ARRAY. - DIM The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + ARRAY May be any type, not scalar. + SHIFT The type shall be `INTEGER'. + BOUNDARY Same type as ARRAY. + DIM The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: Returns an array of same type and rank as the ARRAY argument. @@ -9288,11 +9373,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: EPSILON, Next: ERF, Prev: EOSHIFT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.87 'EPSILON' -- Epsilon function +9.87 `EPSILON' -- Epsilon function ================================== _Description_: - 'EPSILON(X)' returns the smallest number E of the same kind as X + `EPSILON(X)' returns the smallest number E of the same kind as X such that 1 + E > 1. _Standard_: @@ -9302,10 +9387,10 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = EPSILON(X)' + `RESULT = EPSILON(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: The return value is of same type as the argument. @@ -9321,11 +9406,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ERF, Next: ERFC, Prev: EPSILON, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.88 'ERF' -- Error function +9.88 `ERF' -- Error function ============================ _Description_: - 'ERF(X)' computes the error function of X. + `ERF(X)' computes the error function of X. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -9334,13 +9419,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ERF(X)' + `RESULT = ERF(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL', of the same kind as X and lies + The return value is of type `REAL', of the same kind as X and lies in the range -1 \leq erf (x) \leq 1 . _Example_: @@ -9350,17 +9435,17 @@ _Example_: end program test_erf _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DERF(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DERF(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU extension File: gfortran.info, Node: ERFC, Next: ERFC_SCALED, Prev: ERF, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.89 'ERFC' -- Error function +9.89 `ERFC' -- Error function ============================= _Description_: - 'ERFC(X)' computes the complementary error function of X. + `ERFC(X)' computes the complementary error function of X. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -9369,14 +9454,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ERFC(X)' + `RESULT = ERFC(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' and of the same kind as X. It - lies in the range 0 \leq erfc (x) \leq 2 . + The return value is of type `REAL' and of the same kind as X. It + lies in the range 0 \leq erfc (x) \leq 2 . _Example_: program test_erfc @@ -9385,17 +9470,17 @@ _Example_: end program test_erfc _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'DERFC(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `DERFC(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU extension File: gfortran.info, Node: ERFC_SCALED, Next: ETIME, Prev: ERFC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.90 'ERFC_SCALED' -- Error function +9.90 `ERFC_SCALED' -- Error function ==================================== _Description_: - 'ERFC_SCALED(X)' computes the exponentially-scaled complementary + `ERFC_SCALED(X)' computes the exponentially-scaled complementary error function of X. _Standard_: @@ -9405,13 +9490,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ERFC_SCALED(X)' + `RESULT = ERFC_SCALED(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' and of the same kind as X. + The return value is of type `REAL' and of the same kind as X. _Example_: program test_erfc_scaled @@ -9422,30 +9507,31 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ETIME, Next: EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE, Prev: ERFC_SCALED, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.91 'ETIME' -- Execution time subroutine (or function) +9.91 `ETIME' -- Execution time subroutine (or function) ======================================================= _Description_: - 'ETIME(VALUES, TIME)' returns the number of seconds of runtime - since the start of the process's execution in TIME. VALUES returns - the user and system components of this time in 'VALUES(1)' and - 'VALUES(2)' respectively. TIME is equal to 'VALUES(1) + + `ETIME(VALUES, TIME)' returns the number of seconds of runtime + since the start of the process's execution in TIME. VALUES + returns the user and system components of this time in `VALUES(1)' + and `VALUES(2)' respectively. TIME is equal to `VALUES(1) + VALUES(2)'. - On some systems, the underlying timings are represented using types - with sufficiently small limits that overflows (wrap around) are - possible, such as 32-bit types. Therefore, the values returned by - this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or numerically less - than previous values, during a single run of the compiled program. + On some systems, the underlying timings are represented using + types with sufficiently small limits that overflows (wrap around) + are possible, such as 32-bit types. Therefore, the values returned + by this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or numerically + less than previous values, during a single run of the compiled + program. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. - VALUES and TIME are 'INTENT(OUT)' and provide the following: + VALUES and TIME are `INTENT(OUT)' and provide the following: - 'VALUES(1)': User time in seconds. - 'VALUES(2)': System time in seconds. - 'TIME': Run time since start in seconds. + `VALUES(1)': User time in seconds. + `VALUES(2)': System time in seconds. + `TIME': Run time since start in seconds. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -9454,12 +9540,12 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL ETIME(VALUES, TIME)'. - 'TIME = ETIME(VALUES)', (not recommended). + `CALL ETIME(VALUES, TIME)'. + `TIME = ETIME(VALUES)', (not recommended). _Arguments_: - VALUES The type shall be 'REAL(4), DIMENSION(2)'. - TIME The type shall be 'REAL(4)'. + VALUES The type shall be `REAL(4), DIMENSION(2)'. + TIME The type shall be `REAL(4)'. _Return value_: Elapsed time in seconds since the start of program execution. @@ -9485,31 +9571,33 @@ _Example_: _See also_: *note CPU_TIME:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE, Next: EXIT, Prev: ETIME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.92 'EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE' -- Execute a shell command +9.92 `EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE' -- Execute a shell command ====================================================== _Description_: - 'EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE' runs a shell command, synchronously or + `EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE' runs a shell command, synchronously or asynchronously. - The 'COMMAND' argument is passed to the shell and executed, using - the C library's 'system' call. (The shell is 'sh' on Unix systems, - and 'cmd.exe' on Windows.) If 'WAIT' is present and has the value - false, the execution of the command is asynchronous if the system - supports it; otherwise, the command is executed synchronously. + The `COMMAND' argument is passed to the shell and executed, using + the C library's `system' call. (The shell is `sh' on Unix + systems, and `cmd.exe' on Windows.) If `WAIT' is present and has + the value false, the execution of the command is asynchronous if + the system supports it; otherwise, the command is executed + synchronously. The three last arguments allow the user to get status information. - After synchronous execution, 'EXITSTAT' contains the integer exit - code of the command, as returned by 'system'. 'CMDSTAT' is set to + After synchronous execution, `EXITSTAT' contains the integer exit + code of the command, as returned by `system'. `CMDSTAT' is set to zero if the command line was executed (whatever its exit status - was). 'CMDMSG' is assigned an error message if an error has + was). `CMDMSG' is assigned an error message if an error has occurred. - Note that the 'system' function need not be thread-safe. It is the - responsibility of the user to ensure that 'system' is not called + Note that the `system' function need not be thread-safe. It is the + responsibility of the user to ensure that `system' is not called concurrently. _Standard_: @@ -9519,18 +9607,18 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE(COMMAND [, WAIT, EXITSTAT, CMDSTAT, + `CALL EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE(COMMAND [, WAIT, EXITSTAT, CMDSTAT, CMDMSG ])' _Arguments_: - COMMAND Shall be a default 'CHARACTER' scalar. - WAIT (Optional) Shall be a default 'LOGICAL' scalar. - EXITSTAT (Optional) Shall be an 'INTEGER' of the default - kind. - CMDSTAT (Optional) Shall be an 'INTEGER' of the default - kind. - CMDMSG (Optional) Shall be an 'CHARACTER' scalar of the - default kind. + COMMAND Shall be a default `CHARACTER' scalar. + WAIT (Optional) Shall be a default `LOGICAL' scalar. + EXITSTAT (Optional) Shall be an `INTEGER' of the + default kind. + CMDSTAT (Optional) Shall be an `INTEGER' of the + default kind. + CMDMSG (Optional) Shall be an `CHARACTER' scalar of + the default kind. _Example_: program test_exec @@ -9545,12 +9633,11 @@ _Example_: end program test_exec _Note_: - - Because this intrinsic is implemented in terms of the 'system' + Because this intrinsic is implemented in terms of the `system' function call, its behavior with respect to signaling is processor - dependent. In particular, on POSIX-compliant systems, the SIGINT + dependent. In particular, on POSIX-compliant systems, the SIGINT and SIGQUIT signals will be ignored, and the SIGCHLD will be - blocked. As such, if the parent process is terminated, the child + blocked. As such, if the parent process is terminated, the child process might not be terminated alongside. _See also_: @@ -9559,12 +9646,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: EXIT, Next: EXP, Prev: EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.93 'EXIT' -- Exit the program with status. +9.93 `EXIT' -- Exit the program with status. ============================================ _Description_: - 'EXIT' causes immediate termination of the program with status. If - status is omitted it returns the canonical _success_ for the + `EXIT' causes immediate termination of the program with status. + If status is omitted it returns the canonical _success_ for the system. All Fortran I/O units are closed. _Standard_: @@ -9574,13 +9661,13 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL EXIT([STATUS])' + `CALL EXIT([STATUS])' _Arguments_: - STATUS Shall be an 'INTEGER' of the default kind. + STATUS Shall be an `INTEGER' of the default kind. _Return value_: - 'STATUS' is passed to the parent process on exit. + `STATUS' is passed to the parent process on exit. _Example_: program test_exit @@ -9595,11 +9682,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: EXP, Next: EXPONENT, Prev: EXIT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.94 'EXP' -- Exponential function +9.94 `EXP' -- Exponential function ================================== _Description_: - 'EXP(X)' computes the base e exponential of X. + `EXP(X)' computes the base e exponential of X. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, has overloads that are GNU extensions @@ -9608,10 +9695,10 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = EXP(X)' + `RESULT = EXP(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: The return value has same type and kind as X. @@ -9623,26 +9710,26 @@ _Example_: end program test_exp _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'EXP(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DEXP(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'CEXP(X)' 'COMPLEX(4) 'COMPLEX(4)' Fortran 77 and - X' later - 'ZEXP(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension - X' - 'CDEXP(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension - X' + Name Argument Return type Standard + `EXP(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DEXP(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later + `CEXP(X)' `COMPLEX(4) `COMPLEX(4)' Fortran 77 and + X' later + `ZEXP(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension + X' + `CDEXP(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension + X' File: gfortran.info, Node: EXPONENT, Next: EXTENDS_TYPE_OF, Prev: EXP, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.95 'EXPONENT' -- Exponent function +9.95 `EXPONENT' -- Exponent function ==================================== _Description_: - 'EXPONENT(X)' returns the value of the exponent part of X. If X is + `EXPONENT(X)' returns the value of the exponent part of X. If X is zero the value returned is zero. _Standard_: @@ -9652,13 +9739,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = EXPONENT(X)' + `RESULT = EXPONENT(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type default 'INTEGER'. + The return value is of type default `INTEGER'. _Example_: program test_exponent @@ -9672,8 +9759,8 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: EXTENDS_TYPE_OF, Next: FDATE, Prev: EXPONENT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.96 'EXTENDS_TYPE_OF' -- Query dynamic type for extension -========================================================== +9.96 `EXTENDS_TYPE_OF' -- Query dynamic type for extension +=========================================================== _Description_: Query dynamic type for extension. @@ -9685,16 +9772,16 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = EXTENDS_TYPE_OF(A, MOLD)' + `RESULT = EXTENDS_TYPE_OF(A, MOLD)' _Arguments_: - A Shall be an object of extensible declared type - or unlimited polymorphic. - MOLD Shall be an object of extensible declared type - or unlimited polymorphic. + A Shall be an object of extensible declared type + or unlimited polymorphic. + MOLD Shall be an object of extensible declared type + or unlimited polymorphic. _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type default logical. It is true + The return value is a scalar of type default logical. It is true if and only if the dynamic type of A is an extension type of the dynamic type of MOLD. @@ -9704,12 +9791,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FDATE, Next: FGET, Prev: EXTENDS_TYPE_OF, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.97 'FDATE' -- Get the current time as a string +9.97 `FDATE' -- Get the current time as a string ================================================ _Description_: - 'FDATE(DATE)' returns the current date (using the same format as - 'CTIME') in DATE. It is equivalent to 'CALL CTIME(DATE, TIME())'. + `FDATE(DATE)' returns the current date (using the same format as + `CTIME') in DATE. It is equivalent to `CALL CTIME(DATE, TIME())'. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -9721,15 +9808,16 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL FDATE(DATE)'. - 'DATE = FDATE()'. + `CALL FDATE(DATE)'. + `DATE = FDATE()'. _Arguments_: - DATE The type shall be of type 'CHARACTER' of the - default kind. It is an 'INTENT(OUT)' argument. - If the length of this variable is too short for - the date and time string to fit completely, it - will be blank on procedure return. + DATE The type shall be of type `CHARACTER' of the + default kind. It is an `INTENT(OUT)' argument. + If the length of this variable is too short + for the date and time string to fit + completely, it will be blank on procedure + return. _Return value_: The current date and time as a string. @@ -9753,23 +9841,23 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FGET, Next: FGETC, Prev: FDATE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.98 'FGET' -- Read a single character in stream mode from stdin +9.98 `FGET' -- Read a single character in stream mode from stdin ================================================================ _Description_: Read a single character in stream mode from stdin by bypassing - normal formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with + normal formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal record-oriented (formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same unit; the results are unpredictable. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. - Note that the 'FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards - compatibility with 'g77'. GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 - Stream facility. Programmers should consider the use of new stream - IO feature in new code for future portability. See also *note - Fortran 2003 status::. + Note that the `FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards + compatibility with `g77'. GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 + Stream facility. Programmers should consider the use of new + stream IO feature in new code for future portability. See also + *note Fortran 2003 status::. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -9778,15 +9866,15 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL FGET(C [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = FGET(C)' + `CALL FGET(C [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = FGET(C)' _Arguments_: - C The type shall be 'CHARACTER' and of default - kind. - STATUS (Optional) status flag of type 'INTEGER'. - Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file, and a - system specific positive error code otherwise. + C The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default + kind. + STATUS (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'. + Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file, and a + system specific positive error code otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM test_fget @@ -9809,7 +9897,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FGETC, Next: FLOOR, Prev: FGET, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.99 'FGETC' -- Read a single character in stream mode +9.99 `FGETC' -- Read a single character in stream mode ====================================================== _Description_: @@ -9821,11 +9909,11 @@ _Description_: This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. - Note that the 'FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards - compatibility with 'g77'. GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 - Stream facility. Programmers should consider the use of new stream - IO feature in new code for future portability. See also *note - Fortran 2003 status::. + Note that the `FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards + compatibility with `g77'. GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 + Stream facility. Programmers should consider the use of new + stream IO feature in new code for future portability. See also + *note Fortran 2003 status::. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -9834,16 +9922,16 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL FGETC(UNIT, C [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = FGETC(UNIT, C)' + `CALL FGETC(UNIT, C [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = FGETC(UNIT, C)' _Arguments_: - UNIT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - C The type shall be 'CHARACTER' and of default - kind. - STATUS (Optional) status flag of type 'INTEGER'. - Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a - system specific positive error code otherwise. + UNIT The type shall be `INTEGER'. + C The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default + kind. + STATUS (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'. + Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a + system specific positive error code otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM test_fgetc @@ -9865,11 +9953,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FLOOR, Next: FLUSH, Prev: FGETC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.100 'FLOOR' -- Integer floor function +9.100 `FLOOR' -- Integer floor function ======================================= _Description_: - 'FLOOR(A)' returns the greatest integer less than or equal to X. + `FLOOR(A)' returns the greatest integer less than or equal to X. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -9878,17 +9966,17 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = FLOOR(A [, KIND])' + `RESULT = FLOOR(A [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - A The type shall be 'REAL'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + A The type shall be `REAL'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER(KIND)' if KIND is present and - of default-kind 'INTEGER' otherwise. + The return value is of type `INTEGER(KIND)' if KIND is present and + of default-kind `INTEGER' otherwise. _Example_: program test_floor @@ -9901,14 +9989,15 @@ _Example_: _See also_: *note CEILING::, *note NINT:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: FLUSH, Next: FNUM, Prev: FLOOR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.101 'FLUSH' -- Flush I/O unit(s) +9.101 `FLUSH' -- Flush I/O unit(s) ================================== _Description_: - Flushes Fortran unit(s) currently open for output. Without the + Flushes Fortran unit(s) currently open for output. Without the optional argument, all units are flushed, otherwise just the unit specified. @@ -9919,24 +10008,24 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL FLUSH(UNIT)' + `CALL FLUSH(UNIT)' _Arguments_: - UNIT (Optional) The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + UNIT (Optional) The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Note_: - Beginning with the Fortran 2003 standard, there is a 'FLUSH' - statement that should be preferred over the 'FLUSH' intrinsic. + Beginning with the Fortran 2003 standard, there is a `FLUSH' + statement that should be preferred over the `FLUSH' intrinsic. - The 'FLUSH' intrinsic and the Fortran 2003 'FLUSH' statement have + The `FLUSH' intrinsic and the Fortran 2003 `FLUSH' statement have identical effect: they flush the runtime library's I/O buffer so - that the data becomes visible to other processes. This does not + that the data becomes visible to other processes. This does not guarantee that the data is committed to disk. - On POSIX systems, you can request that all data is transferred to - the storage device by calling the 'fsync' function, with the POSIX + On POSIX systems, you can request that all data is transferred to + the storage device by calling the `fsync' function, with the POSIX file descriptor of the I/O unit as argument (retrieved with GNU - intrinsic 'FNUM'). The following example shows how: + intrinsic `FNUM'). The following example shows how: ! Declare the interface for POSIX fsync function interface @@ -9964,15 +10053,16 @@ _Note_: ! Handle possible error if (ret /= 0) stop "Error calling FSYNC" + File: gfortran.info, Node: FNUM, Next: FPUT, Prev: FLUSH, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.102 'FNUM' -- File number function +9.102 `FNUM' -- File number function ==================================== _Description_: - 'FNUM(UNIT)' returns the POSIX file descriptor number corresponding - to the open Fortran I/O unit 'UNIT'. + `FNUM(UNIT)' returns the POSIX file descriptor number + corresponding to the open Fortran I/O unit `UNIT'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -9981,13 +10071,13 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = FNUM(UNIT)' + `RESULT = FNUM(UNIT)' _Arguments_: - UNIT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + UNIT The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' + The return value is of type `INTEGER' _Example_: program test_fnum @@ -10001,23 +10091,23 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FPUT, Next: FPUTC, Prev: FNUM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.103 'FPUT' -- Write a single character in stream mode to stdout +9.103 `FPUT' -- Write a single character in stream mode to stdout ================================================================= _Description_: Write a single character in stream mode to stdout by bypassing - normal formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with + normal formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal record-oriented (formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same unit; the results are unpredictable. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. - Note that the 'FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards - compatibility with 'g77'. GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 - Stream facility. Programmers should consider the use of new stream - IO feature in new code for future portability. See also *note - Fortran 2003 status::. + Note that the `FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards + compatibility with `g77'. GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 + Stream facility. Programmers should consider the use of new + stream IO feature in new code for future portability. See also + *note Fortran 2003 status::. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -10026,15 +10116,15 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL FPUT(C [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = FPUT(C)' + `CALL FPUT(C [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = FPUT(C)' _Arguments_: - C The type shall be 'CHARACTER' and of default - kind. - STATUS (Optional) status flag of type 'INTEGER'. - Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a - system specific positive error code otherwise. + C The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default + kind. + STATUS (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'. + Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a + system specific positive error code otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM test_fput @@ -10051,23 +10141,23 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FPUTC, Next: FRACTION, Prev: FPUT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.104 'FPUTC' -- Write a single character in stream mode +9.104 `FPUTC' -- Write a single character in stream mode ======================================================== _Description_: Write a single character in stream mode by bypassing normal - formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal + formatted output. Stream I/O should not be mixed with normal record-oriented (formatted or unformatted) I/O on the same unit; the results are unpredictable. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. - Note that the 'FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards - compatibility with 'g77'. GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 - Stream facility. Programmers should consider the use of new stream - IO feature in new code for future portability. See also *note - Fortran 2003 status::. + Note that the `FGET' intrinsic is provided for backwards + compatibility with `g77'. GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 + Stream facility. Programmers should consider the use of new + stream IO feature in new code for future portability. See also + *note Fortran 2003 status::. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -10076,16 +10166,16 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL FPUTC(UNIT, C [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = FPUTC(UNIT, C)' + `CALL FPUTC(UNIT, C [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = FPUTC(UNIT, C)' _Arguments_: - UNIT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - C The type shall be 'CHARACTER' and of default - kind. - STATUS (Optional) status flag of type 'INTEGER'. - Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a - system specific positive error code otherwise. + UNIT The type shall be `INTEGER'. + C The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default + kind. + STATUS (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'. + Returns 0 on success, -1 on end-of-file and a + system specific positive error code otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM test_fputc @@ -10105,12 +10195,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FRACTION, Next: FREE, Prev: FPUTC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.105 'FRACTION' -- Fractional part of the model representation +9.105 `FRACTION' -- Fractional part of the model representation =============================================================== _Description_: - 'FRACTION(X)' returns the fractional part of the model - representation of 'X'. + `FRACTION(X)' returns the fractional part of the model + representation of `X'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -10119,15 +10209,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'Y = FRACTION(X)' + `Y = FRACTION(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type of the argument shall be a 'REAL'. + X The type of the argument shall be a `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of the same type and kind as the argument. The - fractional part of the model representation of 'X' is returned; it - is 'X * RADIX(X)**(-EXPONENT(X))'. + The return value is of the same type and kind as the argument. + The fractional part of the model representation of `X' is returned; + it is `X * RADIX(X)**(-EXPONENT(X))'. _Example_: program test_fraction @@ -10136,18 +10226,19 @@ _Example_: print *, fraction(x), x * radix(x)**(-exponent(x)) end program test_fraction + File: gfortran.info, Node: FREE, Next: FSEEK, Prev: FRACTION, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.106 'FREE' -- Frees memory +9.106 `FREE' -- Frees memory ============================ _Description_: - Frees memory previously allocated by 'MALLOC'. The 'FREE' + Frees memory previously allocated by `MALLOC'. The `FREE' intrinsic is an extension intended to be used with Cray pointers, and is provided in GNU Fortran to allow user to compile legacy - code. For new code using Fortran 95 pointers, the memory - de-allocation intrinsic is 'DEALLOCATE'. + code. For new code using Fortran 95 pointers, the memory + de-allocation intrinsic is `DEALLOCATE'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -10156,18 +10247,18 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL FREE(PTR)' + `CALL FREE(PTR)' _Arguments_: - PTR The type shall be 'INTEGER'. It represents the - location of the memory that should be - de-allocated. + PTR The type shall be `INTEGER'. It represents the + location of the memory that should be + de-allocated. _Return value_: None _Example_: - See 'MALLOC' for an example. + See `MALLOC' for an example. _See also_: *note MALLOC:: @@ -10175,20 +10266,20 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FSEEK, Next: FSTAT, Prev: FREE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.107 'FSEEK' -- Low level file positioning subroutine +9.107 `FSEEK' -- Low level file positioning subroutine ====================================================== _Description_: - Moves UNIT to the specified OFFSET. If WHENCE is set to 0, the - OFFSET is taken as an absolute value 'SEEK_SET', if set to 1, - OFFSET is taken to be relative to the current position 'SEEK_CUR', - and if set to 2 relative to the end of the file 'SEEK_END'. On - error, STATUS is set to a nonzero value. If STATUS the seek fails + Moves UNIT to the specified OFFSET. If WHENCE is set to 0, the + OFFSET is taken as an absolute value `SEEK_SET', if set to 1, + OFFSET is taken to be relative to the current position `SEEK_CUR', + and if set to 2 relative to the end of the file `SEEK_END'. On + error, STATUS is set to a nonzero value. If STATUS the seek fails silently. This intrinsic routine is not fully backwards compatible with - 'g77'. In 'g77', the 'FSEEK' takes a statement label instead of a - STATUS variable. If FSEEK is used in old code, change + `g77'. In `g77', the `FSEEK' takes a statement label instead of a + STATUS variable. If FSEEK is used in old code, change CALL FSEEK(UNIT, OFFSET, WHENCE, *label) to INTEGER :: status @@ -10197,7 +10288,7 @@ _Description_: Please note that GNU Fortran provides the Fortran 2003 Stream facility. Programmers should consider the use of new stream IO - feature in new code for future portability. See also *note Fortran + feature in new code for future portability. See also *note Fortran 2003 status::. _Standard_: @@ -10207,15 +10298,15 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL FSEEK(UNIT, OFFSET, WHENCE[, STATUS])' + `CALL FSEEK(UNIT, OFFSET, WHENCE[, STATUS])' _Arguments_: - UNIT Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER'. - OFFSET Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER'. - WHENCE Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER'. Its value - shall be either 0, 1 or 2. - STATUS (Optional) shall be a scalar of type - 'INTEGER(4)'. + UNIT Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'. + OFFSET Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'. + WHENCE Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'. Its + value shall be either 0, 1 or 2. + STATUS (Optional) shall be a scalar of type + `INTEGER(4)'. _Example_: PROGRAM test_fseek @@ -10245,14 +10336,14 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FSTAT, Next: FTELL, Prev: FSEEK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.108 'FSTAT' -- Get file status +9.108 `FSTAT' -- Get file status ================================ _Description_: - 'FSTAT' is identical to *note STAT::, except that information about - an already opened file is obtained. + `FSTAT' is identical to *note STAT::, except that information + about an already opened file is obtained. - The elements in 'VALUES' are the same as described by *note STAT::. + The elements in `VALUES' are the same as described by *note STAT::. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -10264,15 +10355,15 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL FSTAT(UNIT, VALUES [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = FSTAT(UNIT, VALUES)' + `CALL FSTAT(UNIT, VALUES [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = FSTAT(UNIT, VALUES)' _Arguments_: - UNIT An open I/O unit number of type 'INTEGER'. - VALUES The type shall be 'INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)'. - STATUS (Optional) status flag of type 'INTEGER(4)'. - Returns 0 on success and a system specific error - code otherwise. + UNIT An open I/O unit number of type `INTEGER'. + VALUES The type shall be `INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)'. + STATUS (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER(4)'. + Returns 0 on success and a system specific + error code otherwise. _Example_: See *note STAT:: for an example. @@ -10283,7 +10374,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: FTELL, Next: GAMMA, Prev: FSTAT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.109 'FTELL' -- Current stream position +9.109 `FTELL' -- Current stream position ======================================== _Description_: @@ -10299,12 +10390,12 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL FTELL(UNIT, OFFSET)' - 'OFFSET = FTELL(UNIT)' + `CALL FTELL(UNIT, OFFSET)' + `OFFSET = FTELL(UNIT)' _Arguments_: - OFFSET Shall of type 'INTEGER'. - UNIT Shall of type 'INTEGER'. + OFFSET Shall of type `INTEGER'. + UNIT Shall of type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: In either syntax, OFFSET is set to the current offset of unit @@ -10324,13 +10415,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GAMMA, Next: GERROR, Prev: FTELL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.110 'GAMMA' -- Gamma function +9.110 `GAMMA' -- Gamma function =============================== _Description_: - 'GAMMA(X)' computes Gamma (\Gamma) of X. For positive, integer - values of X the Gamma function simplifies to the factorial function - \Gamma(x)=(x-1)!. + `GAMMA(X)' computes Gamma (\Gamma) of X. For positive, integer + values of X the Gamma function simplifies to the factorial + function \Gamma(x)=(x-1)!. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -10339,14 +10430,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'X = GAMMA(X)' + `X = GAMMA(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL' and neither zero nor a - negative integer. + X Shall be of type `REAL' and neither zero nor a + negative integer. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' of the same kind as X. + The return value is of type `REAL' of the same kind as X. _Example_: program test_gamma @@ -10355,22 +10446,23 @@ _Example_: end program test_gamma _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'GAMMA(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' GNU Extension - 'DGAMMA(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU Extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `GAMMA(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' GNU Extension + `DGAMMA(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU Extension _See also_: Logarithm of the Gamma function: *note LOG_GAMMA:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: GERROR, Next: GETARG, Prev: GAMMA, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.111 'GERROR' -- Get last system error message +9.111 `GERROR' -- Get last system error message =============================================== _Description_: Returns the system error message corresponding to the last system - error. This resembles the functionality of 'strerror(3)' in C. + error. This resembles the functionality of `strerror(3)' in C. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -10379,10 +10471,10 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL GERROR(RESULT)' + `CALL GERROR(RESULT)' _Arguments_: - RESULT Shall of type 'CHARACTER' and of default + RESULT Shall of type `CHARACTER' and of default _Example_: PROGRAM test_gerror @@ -10397,7 +10489,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GETARG, Next: GET_COMMAND, Prev: GERROR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.112 'GETARG' -- Get command line arguments +9.112 `GETARG' -- Get command line arguments ============================================ _Description_: @@ -10416,19 +10508,19 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL GETARG(POS, VALUE)' + `CALL GETARG(POS, VALUE)' _Arguments_: - POS Shall be of type 'INTEGER' and not wider than - the default integer kind; POS \geq 0 - VALUE Shall be of type 'CHARACTER' and of default - kind. - VALUE Shall be of type 'CHARACTER'. + POS Shall be of type `INTEGER' and not wider than + the default integer kind; POS \geq 0 + VALUE Shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of default + kind. + VALUE Shall be of type `CHARACTER'. _Return value_: - After 'GETARG' returns, the VALUE argument holds the POSth command - line argument. If VALUE can not hold the argument, it is truncated - to fit the length of VALUE. If there are less than POS arguments + After `GETARG' returns, the VALUE argument holds the POSth command + line argument. If VALUE can not hold the argument, it is truncated + to fit the length of VALUE. If there are less than POS arguments specified at the command line, VALUE will be filled with blanks. If POS = 0, VALUE is set to the name of the program (on systems that support this feature). @@ -10453,7 +10545,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GET_COMMAND, Next: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT, Prev: GETARG, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.113 'GET_COMMAND' -- Get the entire command line +9.113 `GET_COMMAND' -- Get the entire command line ================================================== _Description_: @@ -10467,20 +10559,20 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL GET_COMMAND([COMMAND, LENGTH, STATUS])' + `CALL GET_COMMAND([COMMAND, LENGTH, STATUS])' _Arguments_: - COMMAND (Optional) shall be of type 'CHARACTER' and of - default kind. - LENGTH (Optional) Shall be of type 'INTEGER' and of - default kind. - STATUS (Optional) Shall be of type 'INTEGER' and of - default kind. + COMMAND (Optional) shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of + default kind. + LENGTH (Optional) Shall be of type `INTEGER' and of + default kind. + STATUS (Optional) Shall be of type `INTEGER' and of + default kind. _Return value_: If COMMAND is present, stores the entire command line that was used - to invoke the program in COMMAND. If LENGTH is present, it is - assigned the length of the command line. If STATUS is present, it + to invoke the program in COMMAND. If LENGTH is present, it is + assigned the length of the command line. If STATUS is present, it is assigned 0 upon success of the command, -1 if COMMAND is too short to store the command line, or a positive value in case of an error. @@ -10498,12 +10590,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT, Next: GETCWD, Prev: GET_COMMAND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.114 'GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT' -- Get command line arguments +9.114 `GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT' -- Get command line arguments ========================================================== _Description_: - Retrieve the NUMBER-th argument that was passed on the command line - when the containing program was invoked. + Retrieve the NUMBER-th argument that was passed on the command + line when the containing program was invoked. _Standard_: Fortran 2003 and later @@ -10512,29 +10604,29 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT(NUMBER [, VALUE, LENGTH, STATUS])' + `CALL GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT(NUMBER [, VALUE, LENGTH, STATUS])' _Arguments_: - NUMBER Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' and of - default kind, NUMBER \geq 0 - VALUE (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'CHARACTER' - and of default kind. - LENGTH (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - and of default kind. - STATUS (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - and of default kind. + NUMBER Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' and of + default kind, NUMBER \geq 0 + VALUE (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type + `CHARACTER' and of default kind. + LENGTH (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + and of default kind. + STATUS (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + and of default kind. _Return value_: - After 'GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT' returns, the VALUE argument holds the - NUMBER-th command line argument. If VALUE can not hold the - argument, it is truncated to fit the length of VALUE. If there are + After `GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT' returns, the VALUE argument holds the + NUMBER-th command line argument. If VALUE can not hold the + argument, it is truncated to fit the length of VALUE. If there are less than NUMBER arguments specified at the command line, VALUE will be filled with blanks. If NUMBER = 0, VALUE is set to the - name of the program (on systems that support this feature). The + name of the program (on systems that support this feature). The LENGTH argument contains the length of the NUMBER-th command line - argument. If the argument retrieval fails, STATUS is a positive - number; if VALUE contains a truncated command line argument, STATUS - is -1; and otherwise the STATUS is zero. + argument. If the argument retrieval fails, STATUS is a positive + number; if VALUE contains a truncated command line argument, + STATUS is -1; and otherwise the STATUS is zero. _Example_: PROGRAM test_get_command_argument @@ -10557,7 +10649,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GETCWD, Next: GETENV, Prev: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.115 'GETCWD' -- Get current working directory +9.115 `GETCWD' -- Get current working directory =============================================== _Description_: @@ -10573,15 +10665,15 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL GETCWD(C [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = GETCWD(C)' + `CALL GETCWD(C [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = GETCWD(C)' _Arguments_: - C The type shall be 'CHARACTER' and of default - kind. - STATUS (Optional) status flag. Returns 0 on success, a - system specific and nonzero error code - otherwise. + C The type shall be `CHARACTER' and of default + kind. + STATUS (Optional) status flag. Returns 0 on success, + a system specific and nonzero error code + otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM test_getcwd @@ -10596,7 +10688,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GETENV, Next: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE, Prev: GETCWD, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.116 'GETENV' -- Get an environmental variable +9.116 `GETENV' -- Get an environmental variable =============================================== _Description_: @@ -10607,9 +10699,9 @@ _Description_: of the *note GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE:: intrinsic defined by the Fortran 2003 standard. - Note that 'GETENV' need not be thread-safe. It is the + Note that `GETENV' need not be thread-safe. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the environment is not - being updated concurrently with a call to the 'GETENV' intrinsic. + being updated concurrently with a call to the `GETENV' intrinsic. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -10618,17 +10710,17 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL GETENV(NAME, VALUE)' + `CALL GETENV(NAME, VALUE)' _Arguments_: - NAME Shall be of type 'CHARACTER' and of default - kind. - VALUE Shall be of type 'CHARACTER' and of default - kind. + NAME Shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of default + kind. + VALUE Shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of default + kind. _Return value_: - Stores the value of NAME in VALUE. If VALUE is not large enough to - hold the data, it is truncated. If NAME is not set, VALUE will be + Stores the value of NAME in VALUE. If VALUE is not large enough to + hold the data, it is truncated. If NAME is not set, VALUE will be filled with blanks. _Example_: @@ -10644,16 +10736,16 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE, Next: GETGID, Prev: GETENV, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.117 'GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' -- Get an environmental variable +9.117 `GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' -- Get an environmental variable ================================================================= _Description_: Get the VALUE of the environmental variable NAME. - Note that 'GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' need not be thread-safe. It + Note that `GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' need not be thread-safe. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the environment is not being updated concurrently with a call to the - 'GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' intrinsic. + `GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE' intrinsic. _Standard_: Fortran 2003 and later @@ -10662,32 +10754,33 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE(NAME[, VALUE, LENGTH, STATUS, + `CALL GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE(NAME[, VALUE, LENGTH, STATUS, TRIM_NAME)' _Arguments_: - NAME Shall be a scalar of type 'CHARACTER' and of - default kind. - VALUE (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'CHARACTER' - and of default kind. - LENGTH (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - and of default kind. - STATUS (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - and of default kind. - TRIM_NAME (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'LOGICAL' - and of default kind. + NAME Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER' and of + default kind. + VALUE (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type + `CHARACTER' and of default kind. + LENGTH (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + and of default kind. + STATUS (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + and of default kind. + TRIM_NAME (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type `LOGICAL' + and of default kind. _Return value_: - Stores the value of NAME in VALUE. If VALUE is not large enough to - hold the data, it is truncated. If NAME is not set, VALUE will be - filled with blanks. Argument LENGTH contains the length needed for - storing the environment variable NAME or zero if it is not present. - STATUS is -1 if VALUE is present but too short for the environment - variable; it is 1 if the environment variable does not exist and 2 - if the processor does not support environment variables; in all - other cases STATUS is zero. If TRIM_NAME is present with the value - '.FALSE.', the trailing blanks in NAME are significant; otherwise - they are not part of the environment variable name. + Stores the value of NAME in VALUE. If VALUE is not large enough to + hold the data, it is truncated. If NAME is not set, VALUE will be + filled with blanks. Argument LENGTH contains the length needed for + storing the environment variable NAME or zero if it is not + present. STATUS is -1 if VALUE is present but too short for the + environment variable; it is 1 if the environment variable does not + exist and 2 if the processor does not support environment + variables; in all other cases STATUS is zero. If TRIM_NAME is + present with the value `.FALSE.', the trailing blanks in NAME are + significant; otherwise they are not part of the environment + variable name. _Example_: PROGRAM test_getenv @@ -10699,7 +10792,7 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GETGID, Next: GETLOG, Prev: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.118 'GETGID' -- Group ID function +9.118 `GETGID' -- Group ID function =================================== _Description_: @@ -10712,13 +10805,13 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = GETGID()' + `RESULT = GETGID()' _Return value_: - The return value of 'GETGID' is an 'INTEGER' of the default kind. + The return value of `GETGID' is an `INTEGER' of the default kind. _Example_: - See 'GETPID' for an example. + See `GETPID' for an example. _See also_: *note GETPID::, *note GETUID:: @@ -10726,7 +10819,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GETLOG, Next: GETPID, Prev: GETGID, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.119 'GETLOG' -- Get login name +9.119 `GETLOG' -- Get login name ================================ _Description_: @@ -10739,16 +10832,16 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL GETLOG(C)' + `CALL GETLOG(C)' _Arguments_: - C Shall be of type 'CHARACTER' and of default - kind. + C Shall be of type `CHARACTER' and of default + kind. _Return value_: Stores the current user name in LOGIN. (On systems where POSIX - functions 'geteuid' and 'getpwuid' are not available, and the - 'getlogin' function is not implemented either, this will return a + functions `geteuid' and `getpwuid' are not available, and the + `getlogin' function is not implemented either, this will return a blank string.) _Example_: @@ -10764,7 +10857,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GETPID, Next: GETUID, Prev: GETLOG, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.120 'GETPID' -- Process ID function +9.120 `GETPID' -- Process ID function ===================================== _Description_: @@ -10777,10 +10870,10 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = GETPID()' + `RESULT = GETPID()' _Return value_: - The return value of 'GETPID' is an 'INTEGER' of the default kind. + The return value of `GETPID' is an `INTEGER' of the default kind. _Example_: program info @@ -10795,7 +10888,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GETUID, Next: GMTIME, Prev: GETPID, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.121 'GETUID' -- User ID function +9.121 `GETUID' -- User ID function ================================== _Description_: @@ -10808,13 +10901,13 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = GETUID()' + `RESULT = GETUID()' _Return value_: - The return value of 'GETUID' is an 'INTEGER' of the default kind. + The return value of `GETUID' is an `INTEGER' of the default kind. _Example_: - See 'GETPID' for an example. + See `GETPID' for an example. _See also_: *note GETPID::, *note GETLOG:: @@ -10822,14 +10915,14 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: GMTIME, Next: HOSTNM, Prev: GETUID, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.122 'GMTIME' -- Convert time to GMT info +9.122 `GMTIME' -- Convert time to GMT info ========================================== _Description_: - Given a system time value TIME (as provided by the 'TIME8' + Given a system time value TIME (as provided by the `TIME8' intrinsic), fills VALUES with values extracted from it appropriate to the UTC time zone (Universal Coordinated Time, also known in - some countries as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time), using 'gmtime(3)'. + some countries as GMT, Greenwich Mean Time), using `gmtime(3)'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -10838,25 +10931,33 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL GMTIME(TIME, VALUES)' + `CALL GMTIME(TIME, VALUES)' _Arguments_: - TIME An 'INTEGER' scalar expression corresponding to - a system time, with 'INTENT(IN)'. - VALUES A default 'INTEGER' array with 9 elements, with - 'INTENT(OUT)'. + TIME An `INTEGER' scalar expression corresponding + to a system time, with `INTENT(IN)'. + VALUES A default `INTEGER' array with 9 elements, + with `INTENT(OUT)'. _Return value_: The elements of VALUES are assigned as follows: 1. Seconds after the minute, range 0-59 or 0-61 to allow for leap seconds + 2. Minutes after the hour, range 0-59 + 3. Hours past midnight, range 0-23 + 4. Day of month, range 0-31 + 5. Number of months since January, range 0-12 + 6. Years since 1900 + 7. Number of days since Sunday, range 0-6 + 8. Days since January 1 + 9. Daylight savings indicator: positive if daylight savings is in effect, zero if not, and negative if the information is not available. @@ -10864,10 +10965,11 @@ _Return value_: _See also_: *note CTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note TIME::, *note TIME8:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: HOSTNM, Next: HUGE, Prev: GMTIME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.123 'HOSTNM' -- Get system host name +9.123 `HOSTNM' -- Get system host name ====================================== _Description_: @@ -10884,28 +10986,29 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL HOSTNM(C [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = HOSTNM(NAME)' + `CALL HOSTNM(C [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = HOSTNM(NAME)' _Arguments_: - C Shall of type 'CHARACTER' and of default kind. - STATUS (Optional) status flag of type 'INTEGER'. - Returns 0 on success, or a system specific error - code otherwise. + C Shall of type `CHARACTER' and of default kind. + STATUS (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER'. + Returns 0 on success, or a system specific + error code otherwise. _Return value_: In either syntax, NAME is set to the current hostname if it can be obtained, or to a blank string otherwise. + File: gfortran.info, Node: HUGE, Next: HYPOT, Prev: HOSTNM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.124 'HUGE' -- Largest number of a kind +9.124 `HUGE' -- Largest number of a kind ======================================== _Description_: - 'HUGE(X)' returns the largest number that is not an infinity in the - model of the type of 'X'. + `HUGE(X)' returns the largest number that is not an infinity in + the model of the type of `X'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -10914,10 +11017,10 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = HUGE(X)' + `RESULT = HUGE(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL' or 'INTEGER'. + X Shall be of type `REAL' or `INTEGER'. _Return value_: The return value is of the same type and kind as X @@ -10931,12 +11034,12 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: HYPOT, Next: IACHAR, Prev: HUGE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.125 'HYPOT' -- Euclidean distance function +9.125 `HYPOT' -- Euclidean distance function ============================================ _Description_: - 'HYPOT(X,Y)' is the Euclidean distance function. It is equal to - \sqrt{X^2 + Y^2}, without undue underflow or overflow. + `HYPOT(X,Y)' is the Euclidean distance function. It is equal to + \sqrtX^2 + Y^2, without undue underflow or overflow. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -10945,12 +11048,12 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = HYPOT(X, Y)' + `RESULT = HYPOT(X, Y)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. - Y The type and kind type parameter shall be the - same as X. + X The type shall be `REAL'. + Y The type and kind type parameter shall be the + same as X. _Return value_: The return value has the same type and kind type parameter as X. @@ -10964,12 +11067,12 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IACHAR, Next: IALL, Prev: HYPOT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.126 'IACHAR' -- Code in ASCII collating sequence +9.126 `IACHAR' -- Code in ASCII collating sequence ================================================== _Description_: - 'IACHAR(C)' returns the code for the ASCII character in the first - character position of 'C'. + `IACHAR(C)' returns the code for the ASCII character in the first + character position of `C'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later @@ -10978,16 +11081,17 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IACHAR(C [, KIND])' + `RESULT = IACHAR(C [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - C Shall be a scalar 'CHARACTER', with 'INTENT(IN)' - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + C Shall be a scalar `CHARACTER', with + `INTENT(IN)' + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. _Example_: @@ -11003,15 +11107,16 @@ _Note_: _See also_: *note ACHAR::, *note CHAR::, *note ICHAR:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: IALL, Next: IAND, Prev: IACHAR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.127 'IALL' -- Bitwise AND of array elements +9.127 `IALL' -- Bitwise AND of array elements ============================================= _Description_: Reduces with bitwise AND the elements of ARRAY along dimension DIM - if the corresponding element in MASK is 'TRUE'. + if the corresponding element in MASK is `TRUE'. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -11020,23 +11125,23 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IALL(ARRAY[, MASK])' - 'RESULT = IALL(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' + `RESULT = IALL(ARRAY[, MASK])' + `RESULT = IALL(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'INTEGER' - DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n - equals the rank of ARRAY. - MASK (Optional) shall be of type 'LOGICAL' and either - be a scalar or an array of the same shape as - ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `INTEGER' + DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n + equals the rank of ARRAY. + MASK (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL' and + either be a scalar or an array of the same + shape as ARRAY. _Return value_: The result is of the same type as ARRAY. If DIM is absent, a scalar with the bitwise ALL of all elements in - ARRAY is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals + ARRAY is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals the rank of ARRAY, and a shape similar to that of ARRAY with dimension DIM dropped is returned. @@ -11057,11 +11162,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IAND, Next: IANY, Prev: IALL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.128 'IAND' -- Bitwise logical and +9.128 `IAND' -- Bitwise logical and =================================== _Description_: - Bitwise logical 'AND'. + Bitwise logical `AND'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -11070,18 +11175,18 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IAND(I, J)' + `RESULT = IAND(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - J The type shall be 'INTEGER', of the same kind as - I. (As a GNU extension, different kinds are - also permitted.) + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + J The type shall be `INTEGER', of the same kind + as I. (As a GNU extension, different kinds + are also permitted.) _Return value_: - The return type is 'INTEGER', of the same kind as the arguments. - (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as the larger - argument.) + The return type is `INTEGER', of the same kind as the arguments. + (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as the + larger argument.) _Example_: PROGRAM test_iand @@ -11094,15 +11199,16 @@ _See also_: *note IOR::, *note IEOR::, *note IBITS::, *note IBSET::, *note IBCLR::, *note NOT:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: IANY, Next: IARGC, Prev: IAND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.129 'IANY' -- Bitwise OR of array elements +9.129 `IANY' -- Bitwise OR of array elements ============================================ _Description_: Reduces with bitwise OR (inclusive or) the elements of ARRAY along - dimension DIM if the corresponding element in MASK is 'TRUE'. + dimension DIM if the corresponding element in MASK is `TRUE'. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -11111,23 +11217,23 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IANY(ARRAY[, MASK])' - 'RESULT = IANY(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' + `RESULT = IANY(ARRAY[, MASK])' + `RESULT = IANY(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'INTEGER' - DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n - equals the rank of ARRAY. - MASK (Optional) shall be of type 'LOGICAL' and either - be a scalar or an array of the same shape as - ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `INTEGER' + DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n + equals the rank of ARRAY. + MASK (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL' and + either be a scalar or an array of the same + shape as ARRAY. _Return value_: The result is of the same type as ARRAY. If DIM is absent, a scalar with the bitwise OR of all elements in - ARRAY is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals + ARRAY is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals the rank of ARRAY, and a shape similar to that of ARRAY with dimension DIM dropped is returned. @@ -11148,11 +11254,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IARGC, Next: IBCLR, Prev: IANY, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.130 'IARGC' -- Get the number of command line arguments +9.130 `IARGC' -- Get the number of command line arguments ========================================================= _Description_: - 'IARGC' returns the number of arguments passed on the command line + `IARGC' returns the number of arguments passed on the command line when the containing program was invoked. This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with @@ -11167,13 +11273,13 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IARGC()' + `RESULT = IARGC()' _Arguments_: None. _Return value_: - The number of command line arguments, type 'INTEGER(4)'. + The number of command line arguments, type `INTEGER(4)'. _Example_: See *note GETARG:: @@ -11187,11 +11293,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IBCLR, Next: IBITS, Prev: IARGC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.131 'IBCLR' -- Clear bit +9.131 `IBCLR' -- Clear bit ========================== _Description_: - 'IBCLR' returns the value of I with the bit at position POS set to + `IBCLR' returns the value of I with the bit at position POS set to zero. _Standard_: @@ -11201,30 +11307,31 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IBCLR(I, POS)' + `RESULT = IBCLR(I, POS)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - POS The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + POS The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: *note IBITS::, *note IBSET::, *note IAND::, *note IOR::, *note IEOR::, *note MVBITS:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: IBITS, Next: IBSET, Prev: IBCLR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.132 'IBITS' -- Bit extraction +9.132 `IBITS' -- Bit extraction =============================== _Description_: - 'IBITS' extracts a field of length LEN from I, starting from bit + `IBITS' extracts a field of length LEN from I, starting from bit position POS and extending left for LEN bits. The result is right-justified and the remaining bits are zeroed. The value of - 'POS+LEN' must be less than or equal to the value 'BIT_SIZE(I)'. + `POS+LEN' must be less than or equal to the value `BIT_SIZE(I)'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -11233,28 +11340,28 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IBITS(I, POS, LEN)' + `RESULT = IBITS(I, POS, LEN)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - POS The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - LEN The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + POS The type shall be `INTEGER'. + LEN The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: - *note BIT_SIZE::, *note IBCLR::, *note IBSET::, *note IAND::, *note - IOR::, *note IEOR:: + *note BIT_SIZE::, *note IBCLR::, *note IBSET::, *note IAND::, + *note IOR::, *note IEOR:: File: gfortran.info, Node: IBSET, Next: ICHAR, Prev: IBITS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.133 'IBSET' -- Set bit +9.133 `IBSET' -- Set bit ======================== _Description_: - 'IBSET' returns the value of I with the bit at position POS set to + `IBSET' returns the value of I with the bit at position POS set to one. _Standard_: @@ -11264,28 +11371,29 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IBSET(I, POS)' + `RESULT = IBSET(I, POS)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - POS The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + POS The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: *note IBCLR::, *note IBITS::, *note IAND::, *note IOR::, *note IEOR::, *note MVBITS:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: ICHAR, Next: IDATE, Prev: IBSET, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.134 'ICHAR' -- Character-to-integer conversion function +9.134 `ICHAR' -- Character-to-integer conversion function ========================================================= _Description_: - 'ICHAR(C)' returns the code for the character in the first - character position of 'C' in the system's native character set. + `ICHAR(C)' returns the code for the character in the first + character position of `C' in the system's native character set. The correspondence between characters and their codes is not necessarily the same across different GNU Fortran implementations. @@ -11296,16 +11404,17 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ICHAR(C [, KIND])' + `RESULT = ICHAR(C [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - C Shall be a scalar 'CHARACTER', with 'INTENT(IN)' - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + C Shall be a scalar `CHARACTER', with + `INTENT(IN)' + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. _Example_: @@ -11315,15 +11424,15 @@ _Example_: end program test_ichar _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'ICHAR(C)' 'CHARACTER 'INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and - C' later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `ICHAR(C)' `CHARACTER `INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and + C' later _Note_: No intrinsic exists to convert between a numeric value and a formatted character string representation - for instance, given the - 'CHARACTER' value ''154'', obtaining an 'INTEGER' or 'REAL' value - with the value 154, or vice versa. Instead, this functionality is + `CHARACTER' value `'154'', obtaining an `INTEGER' or `REAL' value + with the value 154, or vice versa. Instead, this functionality is provided by internal-file I/O, as in the following example: program read_val integer value @@ -11342,15 +11451,16 @@ _Note_: _See also_: *note ACHAR::, *note CHAR::, *note IACHAR:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: IDATE, Next: IEOR, Prev: ICHAR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.135 'IDATE' -- Get current local time subroutine (day/month/year) +9.135 `IDATE' -- Get current local time subroutine (day/month/year) =================================================================== _Description_: - 'IDATE(VALUES)' Fills VALUES with the numerical values at the - current local time. The day (in the range 1-31), month (in the + `IDATE(VALUES)' Fills VALUES with the numerical values at the + current local time. The day (in the range 1-31), month (in the range 1-12), and year appear in elements 1, 2, and 3 of VALUES, respectively. The year has four significant digits. @@ -11361,11 +11471,11 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL IDATE(VALUES)' + `CALL IDATE(VALUES)' _Arguments_: - VALUES The type shall be 'INTEGER, DIMENSION(3)' and - the kind shall be the default integer kind. + VALUES The type shall be `INTEGER, DIMENSION(3)' and + the kind shall be the default integer kind. _Return value_: Does not return anything. @@ -11382,11 +11492,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IEOR, Next: IERRNO, Prev: IDATE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.136 'IEOR' -- Bitwise logical exclusive or +9.136 `IEOR' -- Bitwise logical exclusive or ============================================ _Description_: - 'IEOR' returns the bitwise Boolean exclusive-OR of I and J. + `IEOR' returns the bitwise Boolean exclusive-OR of I and J. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -11395,18 +11505,18 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IEOR(I, J)' + `RESULT = IEOR(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - J The type shall be 'INTEGER', of the same kind as - I. (As a GNU extension, different kinds are - also permitted.) + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + J The type shall be `INTEGER', of the same kind + as I. (As a GNU extension, different kinds + are also permitted.) _Return value_: - The return type is 'INTEGER', of the same kind as the arguments. - (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as the larger - argument.) + The return type is `INTEGER', of the same kind as the arguments. + (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as the + larger argument.) _See also_: *note IOR::, *note IAND::, *note IBITS::, *note IBSET::, *note @@ -11415,11 +11525,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IERRNO, Next: IMAGE_INDEX, Prev: IEOR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.137 'IERRNO' -- Get the last system error number +9.137 `IERRNO' -- Get the last system error number ================================================== _Description_: - Returns the last system error number, as given by the C 'errno' + Returns the last system error number, as given by the C `errno' variable. _Standard_: @@ -11429,13 +11539,13 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IERRNO()' + `RESULT = IERRNO()' _Arguments_: None. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the default integer + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer kind. _See also_: @@ -11444,7 +11554,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IMAGE_INDEX, Next: INDEX intrinsic, Prev: IERRNO, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.138 'IMAGE_INDEX' -- Function that converts a cosubscript to an image index +9.138 `IMAGE_INDEX' -- Function that converts a cosubscript to an image index ============================================================================= _Description_: @@ -11457,16 +11567,16 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function. _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IMAGE_INDEX(COARRAY, SUB)' + `RESULT = IMAGE_INDEX(COARRAY, SUB)' _Arguments_: None. - COARRAY Coarray of any type. - SUB default integer rank-1 array of a size equal to - the corank of COARRAY. + COARRAY Coarray of any type. + SUB default integer rank-1 array of a size equal to + the corank of COARRAY. _Return value_: Scalar default integer with the value of the image index which - corresponds to the cosubscripts. For invalid cosubscripts the + corresponds to the cosubscripts. For invalid cosubscripts the result is zero. _Example_: @@ -11480,7 +11590,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: INDEX intrinsic, Next: INT, Prev: IMAGE_INDEX, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.139 'INDEX' -- Position of a substring within a string +9.139 `INDEX' -- Position of a substring within a string ======================================================== _Description_: @@ -11497,25 +11607,27 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = INDEX(STRING, SUBSTRING [, BACK [, KIND]])' + `RESULT = INDEX(STRING, SUBSTRING [, BACK [, KIND]])' _Arguments_: - STRING Shall be a scalar 'CHARACTER', with 'INTENT(IN)' - SUBSTRING Shall be a scalar 'CHARACTER', with 'INTENT(IN)' - BACK (Optional) Shall be a scalar 'LOGICAL', with - 'INTENT(IN)' - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + STRING Shall be a scalar `CHARACTER', with + `INTENT(IN)' + SUBSTRING Shall be a scalar `CHARACTER', with + `INTENT(IN)' + BACK (Optional) Shall be a scalar `LOGICAL', with + `INTENT(IN)' + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'INDEX(STRING, 'CHARACTER' 'INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and - SUBSTRING)' later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `INDEX(STRING,`CHARACTER' `INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and + SUBSTRING)' later _See also_: *note SCAN::, *note VERIFY:: @@ -11523,7 +11635,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: INT, Next: INT2, Prev: INDEX intrinsic, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.140 'INT' -- Convert to integer type +9.140 `INT' -- Convert to integer type ====================================== _Description_: @@ -11536,28 +11648,30 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = INT(A [, KIND))' + `RESULT = INT(A [, KIND))' _Arguments_: - A Shall be of type 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or - 'COMPLEX'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + A Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL', or + `COMPLEX'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - These functions return a 'INTEGER' variable or array under the + These functions return a `INTEGER' variable or array under the following rules: - (A) - If A is of type 'INTEGER', 'INT(A) = A' - (B) - If A is of type 'REAL' and |A| < 1, 'INT(A)' equals '0'. If - |A| \geq 1, then 'INT(A)' is the integer whose magnitude is + (A) + If A is of type `INTEGER', `INT(A) = A' + + (B) + If A is of type `REAL' and |A| < 1, `INT(A)' equals `0'. If + |A| \geq 1, then `INT(A)' is the integer whose magnitude is the largest integer that does not exceed the magnitude of A and whose sign is the same as the sign of A. - (C) - If A is of type 'COMPLEX', rule B is applied to the real part + + (C) + If A is of type `COMPLEX', rule B is applied to the real part of A. _Example_: @@ -11569,26 +11683,27 @@ _Example_: end program _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'INT(A)' 'REAL(4) A' 'INTEGER' Fortran 77 and - later - 'IFIX(A)' 'REAL(4) A' 'INTEGER' Fortran 77 and - later - 'IDINT(A)' 'REAL(8) A' 'INTEGER' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `INT(A)' `REAL(4) A' `INTEGER' Fortran 77 and + later + `IFIX(A)' `REAL(4) A' `INTEGER' Fortran 77 and + later + `IDINT(A)' `REAL(8) A' `INTEGER' Fortran 77 and + later + File: gfortran.info, Node: INT2, Next: INT8, Prev: INT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.141 'INT2' -- Convert to 16-bit integer type +9.141 `INT2' -- Convert to 16-bit integer type ============================================== _Description_: - Convert to a 'KIND=2' integer type. This is equivalent to the - standard 'INT' intrinsic with an optional argument of 'KIND=2', and - is only included for backwards compatibility. + Convert to a `KIND=2' integer type. This is equivalent to the + standard `INT' intrinsic with an optional argument of `KIND=2', + and is only included for backwards compatibility. - The 'SHORT' intrinsic is equivalent to 'INT2'. + The `SHORT' intrinsic is equivalent to `INT2'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -11597,14 +11712,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = INT2(A)' + `RESULT = INT2(A)' _Arguments_: - A Shall be of type 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or - 'COMPLEX'. + A Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL', or + `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is a 'INTEGER(2)' variable. + The return value is a `INTEGER(2)' variable. _See also_: *note INT::, *note INT8::, *note LONG:: @@ -11612,13 +11727,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: INT8, Next: IOR, Prev: INT2, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.142 'INT8' -- Convert to 64-bit integer type +9.142 `INT8' -- Convert to 64-bit integer type ============================================== _Description_: - Convert to a 'KIND=8' integer type. This is equivalent to the - standard 'INT' intrinsic with an optional argument of 'KIND=8', and - is only included for backwards compatibility. + Convert to a `KIND=8' integer type. This is equivalent to the + standard `INT' intrinsic with an optional argument of `KIND=8', + and is only included for backwards compatibility. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -11627,14 +11742,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = INT8(A)' + `RESULT = INT8(A)' _Arguments_: - A Shall be of type 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or - 'COMPLEX'. + A Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL', or + `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is a 'INTEGER(8)' variable. + The return value is a `INTEGER(8)' variable. _See also_: *note INT::, *note INT2::, *note LONG:: @@ -11642,11 +11757,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IOR, Next: IPARITY, Prev: INT8, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.143 'IOR' -- Bitwise logical or +9.143 `IOR' -- Bitwise logical or ================================= _Description_: - 'IOR' returns the bitwise Boolean inclusive-OR of I and J. + `IOR' returns the bitwise Boolean inclusive-OR of I and J. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -11655,18 +11770,18 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IOR(I, J)' + `RESULT = IOR(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - J The type shall be 'INTEGER', of the same kind as - I. (As a GNU extension, different kinds are - also permitted.) + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + J The type shall be `INTEGER', of the same kind + as I. (As a GNU extension, different kinds + are also permitted.) _Return value_: - The return type is 'INTEGER', of the same kind as the arguments. - (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as the larger - argument.) + The return type is `INTEGER', of the same kind as the arguments. + (If the argument kinds differ, it is of the same kind as the + larger argument.) _See also_: *note IEOR::, *note IAND::, *note IBITS::, *note IBSET::, *note @@ -11675,12 +11790,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IPARITY, Next: IRAND, Prev: IOR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.144 'IPARITY' -- Bitwise XOR of array elements +9.144 `IPARITY' -- Bitwise XOR of array elements ================================================ _Description_: Reduces with bitwise XOR (exclusive or) the elements of ARRAY along - dimension DIM if the corresponding element in MASK is 'TRUE'. + dimension DIM if the corresponding element in MASK is `TRUE'. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -11689,23 +11804,23 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IPARITY(ARRAY[, MASK])' - 'RESULT = IPARITY(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' + `RESULT = IPARITY(ARRAY[, MASK])' + `RESULT = IPARITY(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'INTEGER' - DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n - equals the rank of ARRAY. - MASK (Optional) shall be of type 'LOGICAL' and either - be a scalar or an array of the same shape as - ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `INTEGER' + DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n + equals the rank of ARRAY. + MASK (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL' and + either be a scalar or an array of the same + shape as ARRAY. _Return value_: The result is of the same type as ARRAY. If DIM is absent, a scalar with the bitwise XOR of all elements in - ARRAY is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals + ARRAY is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals the rank of ARRAY, and a shape similar to that of ARRAY with dimension DIM dropped is returned. @@ -11726,21 +11841,21 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IRAND, Next: IS_IOSTAT_END, Prev: IPARITY, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.145 'IRAND' -- Integer pseudo-random number +9.145 `IRAND' -- Integer pseudo-random number ============================================= _Description_: - 'IRAND(FLAG)' returns a pseudo-random number from a uniform + `IRAND(FLAG)' returns a pseudo-random number from a uniform distribution between 0 and a system-dependent limit (which is in - most cases 2147483647). If FLAG is 0, the next number in the + most cases 2147483647). If FLAG is 0, the next number in the current sequence is returned; if FLAG is 1, the generator is - restarted by 'CALL SRAND(0)'; if FLAG has any other value, it is - used as a new seed with 'SRAND'. + restarted by `CALL SRAND(0)'; if FLAG has any other value, it is + used as a new seed with `SRAND'. This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with - GNU Fortran 77. It implements a simple modulo generator as - provided by 'g77'. For new code, one should consider the use of - *note RANDOM_NUMBER:: as it implements a superior algorithm. + GNU Fortran 77. It implements a simple modulo generator as provided + by `g77'. For new code, one should consider the use of *note + RANDOM_NUMBER:: as it implements a superior algorithm. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -11749,13 +11864,13 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IRAND(I)' + `RESULT = IRAND(I)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER' of kind 4. + I Shall be a scalar `INTEGER' of kind 4. _Return value_: - The return value is of 'INTEGER(kind=4)' type. + The return value is of `INTEGER(kind=4)' type. _Example_: program test_irand @@ -11766,17 +11881,18 @@ _Example_: print *, irand(seed), irand(), irand(), irand() end program test_irand + File: gfortran.info, Node: IS_IOSTAT_END, Next: IS_IOSTAT_EOR, Prev: IRAND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.146 'IS_IOSTAT_END' -- Test for end-of-file value +9.146 `IS_IOSTAT_END' -- Test for end-of-file value =================================================== _Description_: - 'IS_IOSTAT_END' tests whether an variable has the value of the I/O - status "end of file". The function is equivalent to comparing the - variable with the 'IOSTAT_END' parameter of the intrinsic module - 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. + `IS_IOSTAT_END' tests whether an variable has the value of the I/O + status "end of file". The function is equivalent to comparing the + variable with the `IOSTAT_END' parameter of the intrinsic module + `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. _Standard_: Fortran 2003 and later @@ -11785,15 +11901,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IS_IOSTAT_END(I)' + `RESULT = IS_IOSTAT_END(I)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of the type 'INTEGER'. + I Shall be of the type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - Returns a 'LOGICAL' of the default kind, which '.TRUE.' if I has - the value which indicates an end of file condition for 'IOSTAT=' - specifiers, and is '.FALSE.' otherwise. + Returns a `LOGICAL' of the default kind, which `.TRUE.' if I has + the value which indicates an end of file condition for `IOSTAT=' + specifiers, and is `.FALSE.' otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM iostat @@ -11807,14 +11923,14 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: IS_IOSTAT_EOR, Next: ISATTY, Prev: IS_IOSTAT_END, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.147 'IS_IOSTAT_EOR' -- Test for end-of-record value +9.147 `IS_IOSTAT_EOR' -- Test for end-of-record value ===================================================== _Description_: - 'IS_IOSTAT_EOR' tests whether an variable has the value of the I/O - status "end of record". The function is equivalent to comparing - the variable with the 'IOSTAT_EOR' parameter of the intrinsic - module 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. + `IS_IOSTAT_EOR' tests whether an variable has the value of the I/O + status "end of record". The function is equivalent to comparing the + variable with the `IOSTAT_EOR' parameter of the intrinsic module + `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV'. _Standard_: Fortran 2003 and later @@ -11823,15 +11939,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = IS_IOSTAT_EOR(I)' + `RESULT = IS_IOSTAT_EOR(I)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of the type 'INTEGER'. + I Shall be of the type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - Returns a 'LOGICAL' of the default kind, which '.TRUE.' if I has - the value which indicates an end of file condition for 'IOSTAT=' - specifiers, and is '.FALSE.' otherwise. + Returns a `LOGICAL' of the default kind, which `.TRUE.' if I has + the value which indicates an end of file condition for `IOSTAT=' + specifiers, and is `.FALSE.' otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM iostat @@ -11845,7 +11961,7 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ISATTY, Next: ISHFT, Prev: IS_IOSTAT_EOR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.148 'ISATTY' -- Whether a unit is a terminal device. +9.148 `ISATTY' -- Whether a unit is a terminal device. ====================================================== _Description_: @@ -11858,14 +11974,14 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ISATTY(UNIT)' + `RESULT = ISATTY(UNIT)' _Arguments_: - UNIT Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER'. + UNIT Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - Returns '.TRUE.' if the UNIT is connected to a terminal device, - '.FALSE.' otherwise. + Returns `.TRUE.' if the UNIT is connected to a terminal device, + `.FALSE.' otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM test_isatty @@ -11874,21 +11990,22 @@ _Example_: write(*,*) isatty(unit=unit) END DO END PROGRAM + _See also_: *note TTYNAM:: File: gfortran.info, Node: ISHFT, Next: ISHFTC, Prev: ISATTY, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.149 'ISHFT' -- Shift bits +9.149 `ISHFT' -- Shift bits =========================== _Description_: - 'ISHFT' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits + `ISHFT' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits shifted SHIFT places. A value of SHIFT greater than zero corresponds to a left shift, a value of zero corresponds to no - shift, and a value less than zero corresponds to a right shift. If - the absolute value of SHIFT is greater than 'BIT_SIZE(I)', the + shift, and a value less than zero corresponds to a right shift. + If the absolute value of SHIFT is greater than `BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted out from the left end or right end are lost; zeros are shifted in from the opposite end. @@ -11899,14 +12016,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ISHFT(I, SHIFT)' + `RESULT = ISHFT(I, SHIFT)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - SHIFT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + SHIFT The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: *note ISHFTC:: @@ -11914,18 +12031,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ISHFTC, Next: ISNAN, Prev: ISHFT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.150 'ISHFTC' -- Shift bits circularly +9.150 `ISHFTC' -- Shift bits circularly ======================================= _Description_: - 'ISHFTC' returns a value corresponding to I with the rightmost SIZE - bits shifted circularly SHIFT places; that is, bits shifted out one - end are shifted into the opposite end. A value of SHIFT greater - than zero corresponds to a left shift, a value of zero corresponds - to no shift, and a value less than zero corresponds to a right - shift. The absolute value of SHIFT must be less than SIZE. If the - SIZE argument is omitted, it is taken to be equivalent to - 'BIT_SIZE(I)'. + `ISHFTC' returns a value corresponding to I with the rightmost + SIZE bits shifted circularly SHIFT places; that is, bits shifted + out one end are shifted into the opposite end. A value of SHIFT + greater than zero corresponds to a left shift, a value of zero + corresponds to no shift, and a value less than zero corresponds to + a right shift. The absolute value of SHIFT must be less than + SIZE. If the SIZE argument is omitted, it is taken to be + equivalent to `BIT_SIZE(I)'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -11934,17 +12051,17 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = ISHFTC(I, SHIFT [, SIZE])' + `RESULT = ISHFTC(I, SHIFT [, SIZE])' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - SHIFT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - SIZE (Optional) The type shall be 'INTEGER'; the - value must be greater than zero and less than or - equal to 'BIT_SIZE(I)'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + SHIFT The type shall be `INTEGER'. + SIZE (Optional) The type shall be `INTEGER'; the + value must be greater than zero and less than + or equal to `BIT_SIZE(I)'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: *note ISHFT:: @@ -11952,12 +12069,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ISNAN, Next: ITIME, Prev: ISHFTC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.151 'ISNAN' -- Test for a NaN +9.151 `ISNAN' -- Test for a NaN =============================== _Description_: - 'ISNAN' tests whether a floating-point value is an IEEE + `ISNAN' tests whether a floating-point value is an IEEE Not-a-Number (NaN). + _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -11965,15 +12083,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'ISNAN(X)' + `ISNAN(X)' _Arguments_: - X Variable of the type 'REAL'. - + X Variable of the type `REAL'. _Return value_: - Returns a default-kind 'LOGICAL'. The returned value is 'TRUE' if - X is a NaN and 'FALSE' otherwise. + Returns a default-kind `LOGICAL'. The returned value is `TRUE' if + X is a NaN and `FALSE' otherwise. _Example_: program test_nan @@ -11987,12 +12104,12 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: ITIME, Next: KILL, Prev: ISNAN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.152 'ITIME' -- Get current local time subroutine (hour/minutes/seconds) +9.152 `ITIME' -- Get current local time subroutine (hour/minutes/seconds) ========================================================================= _Description_: - 'IDATE(VALUES)' Fills VALUES with the numerical values at the - current local time. The hour (in the range 1-24), minute (in the + `IDATE(VALUES)' Fills VALUES with the numerical values at the + current local time. The hour (in the range 1-24), minute (in the range 1-60), and seconds (in the range 1-60) appear in elements 1, 2, and 3 of VALUES, respectively. @@ -12003,11 +12120,11 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL ITIME(VALUES)' + `CALL ITIME(VALUES)' _Arguments_: - VALUES The type shall be 'INTEGER, DIMENSION(3)' and - the kind shall be the default integer kind. + VALUES The type shall be `INTEGER, DIMENSION(3)' and + the kind shall be the default integer kind. _Return value_: Does not return anything. @@ -12024,13 +12141,14 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: KILL, Next: KIND, Prev: ITIME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.153 'KILL' -- Send a signal to a process +9.153 `KILL' -- Send a signal to a process ========================================== _Description_: + _Standard_: Sends the signal specified by SIGNAL to the process PID. See - 'kill(2)'. + `kill(2)'. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -12039,15 +12157,15 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL KILL(C, VALUE [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = KILL(C, VALUE)' + `CALL KILL(C, VALUE [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = KILL(C, VALUE)' _Arguments_: - C Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER', with 'INTENT(IN)' - VALUE Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER', with 'INTENT(IN)' - STATUS (Optional) status flag of type 'INTEGER(4)' or - 'INTEGER(8)'. Returns 0 on success, or a - system-specific error code otherwise. + C Shall be a scalar `INTEGER', with `INTENT(IN)' + VALUE Shall be a scalar `INTEGER', with `INTENT(IN)' + STATUS (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER(4)' or + `INTEGER(8)'. Returns 0 on success, or a + system-specific error code otherwise. _See also_: *note ABORT::, *note EXIT:: @@ -12055,11 +12173,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: KIND, Next: LBOUND, Prev: KILL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.154 'KIND' -- Kind of an entity +9.154 `KIND' -- Kind of an entity ================================= _Description_: - 'KIND(X)' returns the kind value of the entity X. + `KIND(X)' returns the kind value of the entity X. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -12068,14 +12186,14 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'K = KIND(X)' + `K = KIND(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'LOGICAL', 'INTEGER', 'REAL', - 'COMPLEX' or 'CHARACTER'. + X Shall be of type `LOGICAL', `INTEGER', `REAL', + `COMPLEX' or `CHARACTER'. _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type 'INTEGER' and of the default + The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer kind. _Example_: @@ -12087,15 +12205,17 @@ _Example_: print *, "The default logical kind is ", kl end program test_kind + File: gfortran.info, Node: LBOUND, Next: LCOBOUND, Prev: KIND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.155 'LBOUND' -- Lower dimension bounds of an array +9.155 `LBOUND' -- Lower dimension bounds of an array ==================================================== _Description_: - Returns the lower bounds of an array, or a single lower bound along - the DIM dimension. + Returns the lower bounds of an array, or a single lower bound + along the DIM dimension. + _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later @@ -12103,24 +12223,24 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LBOUND(ARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])' + `RESULT = LBOUND(ARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array, of any type. - DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + ARRAY Shall be an array, of any type. + DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. If DIM is absent, the result is an array of the lower bounds of ARRAY. If DIM is present, the result is a scalar corresponding to the lower - bound of the array along that dimension. If ARRAY is an expression - rather than a whole array or array structure component, or if it - has a zero extent along the relevant dimension, the lower bound is - taken to be 1. + bound of the array along that dimension. If ARRAY is an + expression rather than a whole array or array structure component, + or if it has a zero extent along the relevant dimension, the lower + bound is taken to be 1. _See also_: *note UBOUND::, *note LCOBOUND:: @@ -12128,12 +12248,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LCOBOUND, Next: LEADZ, Prev: LBOUND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.156 'LCOBOUND' -- Lower codimension bounds of an array +9.156 `LCOBOUND' -- Lower codimension bounds of an array ======================================================== _Description_: Returns the lower bounds of a coarray, or a single lower cobound along the DIM codimension. + _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -12141,17 +12262,17 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LCOBOUND(COARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])' + `RESULT = LCOBOUND(COARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an coarray, of any type. - DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + ARRAY Shall be an coarray, of any type. + DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. If DIM is absent, the result is an array of the lower cobounds of COARRAY. If DIM is present, the result is a scalar corresponding to the @@ -12163,11 +12284,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LEADZ, Next: LEN, Prev: LCOBOUND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.157 'LEADZ' -- Number of leading zero bits of an integer +9.157 `LEADZ' -- Number of leading zero bits of an integer ========================================================== _Description_: - 'LEADZ' returns the number of leading zero bits of an integer. + `LEADZ' returns the number of leading zero bits of an integer. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -12176,14 +12297,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LEADZ(I)' + `RESULT = LEADZ(I)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The type of the return value is the default 'INTEGER'. If all the - bits of 'I' are zero, the result value is 'BIT_SIZE(I)'. + The type of the return value is the default `INTEGER'. If all the + bits of `I' are zero, the result value is `BIT_SIZE(I)'. _Example_: PROGRAM test_leadz @@ -12197,7 +12318,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LEN, Next: LEN_TRIM, Prev: LEADZ, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.158 'LEN' -- Length of a character entity +9.158 `LEN' -- Length of a character entity =========================================== _Description_: @@ -12213,23 +12334,23 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'L = LEN(STRING [, KIND])' + `L = LEN(STRING [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - STRING Shall be a scalar or array of type 'CHARACTER', - with 'INTENT(IN)' - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + STRING Shall be a scalar or array of type + `CHARACTER', with `INTENT(IN)' + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'LEN(STRING)' 'CHARACTER' 'INTEGER' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `LEN(STRING)' `CHARACTER' `INTEGER' Fortran 77 and + later _See also_: *note LEN_TRIM::, *note ADJUSTL::, *note ADJUSTR:: @@ -12237,7 +12358,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LEN_TRIM, Next: LGE, Prev: LEN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.159 'LEN_TRIM' -- Length of a character entity without trailing blank characters +9.159 `LEN_TRIM' -- Length of a character entity without trailing blank characters ================================================================================== _Description_: @@ -12251,17 +12372,17 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LEN_TRIM(STRING [, KIND])' + `RESULT = LEN_TRIM(STRING [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - STRING Shall be a scalar of type 'CHARACTER', with - 'INTENT(IN)' - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + STRING Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER', with + `INTENT(IN)' + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. _See also_: @@ -12270,7 +12391,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LGE, Next: LGT, Prev: LEN_TRIM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.160 'LGE' -- Lexical greater than or equal +9.160 `LGE' -- Lexical greater than or equal ============================================ _Description_: @@ -12280,11 +12401,11 @@ _Description_: same length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it to form a value that has the same length as the longer. - In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics 'LGE', 'LGT', 'LLE', - and 'LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators '.GE.', - '.GT.', '.LE.', and '.LT.', in that the latter use the processor's - character ordering (which is not ASCII on some targets), whereas - the former always use the ASCII ordering. + In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics `LGE', `LGT', `LLE', + and `LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators + `.GE.', `.GT.', `.LE.', and `.LT.', in that the latter use the + processor's character ordering (which is not ASCII on some + targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII ordering. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -12293,20 +12414,20 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LGE(STRING_A, STRING_B)' + `RESULT = LGE(STRING_A, STRING_B)' _Arguments_: - STRING_A Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - STRING_B Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. + STRING_A Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + STRING_B Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. _Return value_: - Returns '.TRUE.' if 'STRING_A >= STRING_B', and '.FALSE.' + Returns `.TRUE.' if `STRING_A >= STRING_B', and `.FALSE.' otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering. _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'LGE(STRING_A, 'CHARACTER' 'LOGICAL' Fortran 77 and - STRING_B)' later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `LGE(STRING_A,`CHARACTER' `LOGICAL' Fortran 77 and + STRING_B)' later _See also_: *note LGT::, *note LLE::, *note LLT:: @@ -12314,21 +12435,21 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LGT, Next: LINK, Prev: LGE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.161 'LGT' -- Lexical greater than +9.161 `LGT' -- Lexical greater than =================================== _Description_: Determines whether one string is lexically greater than another string, where the two strings are interpreted as containing ASCII character codes. If the String A and String B are not the same - length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it to - form a value that has the same length as the longer. + length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it + to form a value that has the same length as the longer. - In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics 'LGE', 'LGT', 'LLE', - and 'LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators '.GE.', - '.GT.', '.LE.', and '.LT.', in that the latter use the processor's - character ordering (which is not ASCII on some targets), whereas - the former always use the ASCII ordering. + In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics `LGE', `LGT', `LLE', + and `LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators + `.GE.', `.GT.', `.LE.', and `.LT.', in that the latter use the + processor's character ordering (which is not ASCII on some + targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII ordering. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -12337,20 +12458,20 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LGT(STRING_A, STRING_B)' + `RESULT = LGT(STRING_A, STRING_B)' _Arguments_: - STRING_A Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - STRING_B Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. + STRING_A Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + STRING_B Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. _Return value_: - Returns '.TRUE.' if 'STRING_A > STRING_B', and '.FALSE.' otherwise, - based on the ASCII ordering. + Returns `.TRUE.' if `STRING_A > STRING_B', and `.FALSE.' + otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering. _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'LGT(STRING_A, 'CHARACTER' 'LOGICAL' Fortran 77 and - STRING_B)' later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `LGT(STRING_A,`CHARACTER' `LOGICAL' Fortran 77 and + STRING_B)' later _See also_: *note LGE::, *note LLE::, *note LLT:: @@ -12358,15 +12479,15 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LINK, Next: LLE, Prev: LGT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.162 'LINK' -- Create a hard link +9.162 `LINK' -- Create a hard link ================================== _Description_: - Makes a (hard) link from file PATH1 to PATH2. A null character - ('CHAR(0)') can be used to mark the end of the names in PATH1 and + Makes a (hard) link from file PATH1 to PATH2. A null character + (`CHAR(0)') can be used to mark the end of the names in PATH1 and PATH2; otherwise, trailing blanks in the file names are ignored. If the STATUS argument is supplied, it contains 0 on success or a - nonzero error code upon return; see 'link(2)'. + nonzero error code upon return; see `link(2)'. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -12378,13 +12499,13 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL LINK(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = LINK(PATH1, PATH2)' + `CALL LINK(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = LINK(PATH1, PATH2)' _Arguments_: - PATH1 Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - PATH2 Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default 'INTEGER' type. + PATH1 Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + PATH2 Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type. _See also_: *note SYMLNK::, *note UNLINK:: @@ -12392,21 +12513,22 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LLE, Next: LLT, Prev: LINK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.163 'LLE' -- Lexical less than or equal +9.163 `LLE' -- Lexical less than or equal ========================================= _Description_: Determines whether one string is lexically less than or equal to - another string, where the two strings are interpreted as containing - ASCII character codes. If the String A and String B are not the - same length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to - it to form a value that has the same length as the longer. + another string, where the two strings are interpreted as + containing ASCII character codes. If the String A and String B + are not the same length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were + appended to it to form a value that has the same length as the + longer. - In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics 'LGE', 'LGT', 'LLE', - and 'LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators '.GE.', - '.GT.', '.LE.', and '.LT.', in that the latter use the processor's - character ordering (which is not ASCII on some targets), whereas - the former always use the ASCII ordering. + In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics `LGE', `LGT', `LLE', + and `LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators + `.GE.', `.GT.', `.LE.', and `.LT.', in that the latter use the + processor's character ordering (which is not ASCII on some + targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII ordering. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -12415,20 +12537,20 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LLE(STRING_A, STRING_B)' + `RESULT = LLE(STRING_A, STRING_B)' _Arguments_: - STRING_A Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - STRING_B Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. + STRING_A Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + STRING_B Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. _Return value_: - Returns '.TRUE.' if 'STRING_A <= STRING_B', and '.FALSE.' + Returns `.TRUE.' if `STRING_A <= STRING_B', and `.FALSE.' otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering. _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'LLE(STRING_A, 'CHARACTER' 'LOGICAL' Fortran 77 and - STRING_B)' later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `LLE(STRING_A,`CHARACTER' `LOGICAL' Fortran 77 and + STRING_B)' later _See also_: *note LGE::, *note LGT::, *note LLT:: @@ -12436,21 +12558,21 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LLT, Next: LNBLNK, Prev: LLE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.164 'LLT' -- Lexical less than +9.164 `LLT' -- Lexical less than ================================ _Description_: Determines whether one string is lexically less than another string, where the two strings are interpreted as containing ASCII character codes. If the String A and String B are not the same - length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it to - form a value that has the same length as the longer. + length, the shorter is compared as if spaces were appended to it + to form a value that has the same length as the longer. - In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics 'LGE', 'LGT', 'LLE', - and 'LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators '.GE.', - '.GT.', '.LE.', and '.LT.', in that the latter use the processor's - character ordering (which is not ASCII on some targets), whereas - the former always use the ASCII ordering. + In general, the lexical comparison intrinsics `LGE', `LGT', `LLE', + and `LLT' differ from the corresponding intrinsic operators + `.GE.', `.GT.', `.LE.', and `.LT.', in that the latter use the + processor's character ordering (which is not ASCII on some + targets), whereas the former always use the ASCII ordering. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -12459,20 +12581,20 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LLT(STRING_A, STRING_B)' + `RESULT = LLT(STRING_A, STRING_B)' _Arguments_: - STRING_A Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - STRING_B Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. + STRING_A Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + STRING_B Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. _Return value_: - Returns '.TRUE.' if 'STRING_A < STRING_B', and '.FALSE.' otherwise, - based on the ASCII ordering. + Returns `.TRUE.' if `STRING_A < STRING_B', and `.FALSE.' + otherwise, based on the ASCII ordering. _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'LLT(STRING_A, 'CHARACTER' 'LOGICAL' Fortran 77 and - STRING_B)' later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `LLT(STRING_A,`CHARACTER' `LOGICAL' Fortran 77 and + STRING_B)' later _See also_: *note LGE::, *note LGT::, *note LLE:: @@ -12480,12 +12602,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LNBLNK, Next: LOC, Prev: LLT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.165 'LNBLNK' -- Index of the last non-blank character in a string +9.165 `LNBLNK' -- Index of the last non-blank character in a string =================================================================== _Description_: Returns the length of a character string, ignoring any trailing - blanks. This is identical to the standard 'LEN_TRIM' intrinsic, + blanks. This is identical to the standard `LEN_TRIM' intrinsic, and is only included for backwards compatibility. _Standard_: @@ -12495,14 +12617,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LNBLNK(STRING)' + `RESULT = LNBLNK(STRING)' _Arguments_: - STRING Shall be a scalar of type 'CHARACTER', with - 'INTENT(IN)' + STRING Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER', with + `INTENT(IN)' _Return value_: - The return value is of 'INTEGER(kind=4)' type. + The return value is of `INTEGER(kind=4)' type. _See also_: *note INDEX intrinsic::, *note LEN_TRIM:: @@ -12510,11 +12632,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LOC, Next: LOG, Prev: LNBLNK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.166 'LOC' -- Returns the address of a variable +9.166 `LOC' -- Returns the address of a variable ================================================ _Description_: - 'LOC(X)' returns the address of X as an integer. + `LOC(X)' returns the address of X as an integer. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -12523,13 +12645,13 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LOC(X)' + `RESULT = LOC(X)' _Arguments_: - X Variable of any type. + X Variable of any type. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER', with a 'KIND' corresponding + The return value is of type `INTEGER', with a `KIND' corresponding to the size (in bytes) of a memory address on the target machine. _Example_: @@ -12543,11 +12665,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LOG, Next: LOG10, Prev: LOC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.167 'LOG' -- Natural logarithm function +9.167 `LOG' -- Natural logarithm function ========================================= _Description_: - 'LOG(X)' computes the natural logarithm of X, i.e. the logarithm + `LOG(X)' computes the natural logarithm of X, i.e. the logarithm to the base e. _Standard_: @@ -12557,15 +12679,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LOG(X)' + `RESULT = LOG(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. The kind type - parameter is the same as X. If X is 'COMPLEX', the imaginary part - \omega is in the range -\pi \leq \omega \leq \pi. + The return value is of type `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. The kind type + parameter is the same as X. If X is `COMPLEX', the imaginary part + \omega is in the range -\pi < \omega \leq \pi. _Example_: program test_log @@ -12576,24 +12698,24 @@ _Example_: end program test_log _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'ALOG(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' f95, gnu - 'DLOG(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' f95, gnu - 'CLOG(X)' 'COMPLEX(4) 'COMPLEX(4)' f95, gnu - X' - 'ZLOG(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' f95, gnu - X' - 'CDLOG(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' f95, gnu - X' + Name Argument Return type Standard + `ALOG(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' f95, gnu + `DLOG(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' f95, gnu + `CLOG(X)' `COMPLEX(4) `COMPLEX(4)' f95, gnu + X' + `ZLOG(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' f95, gnu + X' + `CDLOG(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' f95, gnu + X' File: gfortran.info, Node: LOG10, Next: LOG_GAMMA, Prev: LOG, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.168 'LOG10' -- Base 10 logarithm function +9.168 `LOG10' -- Base 10 logarithm function =========================================== _Description_: - 'LOG10(X)' computes the base 10 logarithm of X. + `LOG10(X)' computes the base 10 logarithm of X. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -12602,13 +12724,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LOG10(X)' + `RESULT = LOG10(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL'. + X The type shall be `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. The kind type + The return value is of type `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. The kind type parameter is the same as X. _Example_: @@ -12618,20 +12740,20 @@ _Example_: end program test_log10 _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'ALOG10(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and - later - 'DLOG10(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `ALOG10(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and + later + `DLOG10(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and + later File: gfortran.info, Node: LOG_GAMMA, Next: LOGICAL, Prev: LOG10, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.169 'LOG_GAMMA' -- Logarithm of the Gamma function +9.169 `LOG_GAMMA' -- Logarithm of the Gamma function ==================================================== _Description_: - 'LOG_GAMMA(X)' computes the natural logarithm of the absolute value + `LOG_GAMMA(X)' computes the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the Gamma (\Gamma) function. _Standard_: @@ -12641,14 +12763,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'X = LOG_GAMMA(X)' + `X = LOG_GAMMA(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL' and neither zero nor a - negative integer. + X Shall be of type `REAL' and neither zero nor a + negative integer. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' of the same kind as X. + The return value is of type `REAL' of the same kind as X. _Example_: program test_log_gamma @@ -12657,22 +12779,23 @@ _Example_: end program test_log_gamma _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'LGAMMA(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' GNU Extension - 'ALGAMA(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' GNU Extension - 'DLGAMA(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' GNU Extension + Name Argument Return type Standard + `LGAMMA(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' GNU Extension + `ALGAMA(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' GNU Extension + `DLGAMA(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' GNU Extension _See also_: Gamma function: *note GAMMA:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: LOGICAL, Next: LONG, Prev: LOG_GAMMA, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.170 'LOGICAL' -- Convert to logical type +9.170 `LOGICAL' -- Convert to logical type ========================================== _Description_: - Converts one kind of 'LOGICAL' variable to another. + Converts one kind of `LOGICAL' variable to another. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -12681,16 +12804,16 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LOGICAL(L [, KIND])' + `RESULT = LOGICAL(L [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - L The type shall be 'LOGICAL'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + L The type shall be `LOGICAL'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is a 'LOGICAL' value equal to L, with a kind + The return value is a `LOGICAL' value equal to L, with a kind corresponding to KIND, or of the default logical kind if KIND is not given. @@ -12700,14 +12823,14 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LONG, Next: LSHIFT, Prev: LOGICAL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.171 'LONG' -- Convert to integer type +9.171 `LONG' -- Convert to integer type ======================================= _Description_: - Convert to a 'KIND=4' integer type, which is the same size as a C - 'long' integer. This is equivalent to the standard 'INT' intrinsic - with an optional argument of 'KIND=4', and is only included for - backwards compatibility. + Convert to a `KIND=4' integer type, which is the same size as a C + `long' integer. This is equivalent to the standard `INT' + intrinsic with an optional argument of `KIND=4', and is only + included for backwards compatibility. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -12716,14 +12839,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LONG(A)' + `RESULT = LONG(A)' _Arguments_: - A Shall be of type 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or - 'COMPLEX'. + A Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL', or + `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is a 'INTEGER(4)' variable. + The return value is a `INTEGER(4)' variable. _See also_: *note INT::, *note INT2::, *note INT8:: @@ -12731,18 +12854,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LSHIFT, Next: LSTAT, Prev: LONG, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.172 'LSHIFT' -- Left shift bits +9.172 `LSHIFT' -- Left shift bits ================================= _Description_: - 'LSHIFT' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits + `LSHIFT' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits shifted left by SHIFT places. If the absolute value of SHIFT is - greater than 'BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted + greater than `BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted out from the left end are lost; zeros are shifted in from the opposite end. - This function has been superseded by the 'ISHFT' intrinsic, which - is standard in Fortran 95 and later, and the 'SHIFTL' intrinsic, + This function has been superseded by the `ISHFT' intrinsic, which + is standard in Fortran 95 and later, and the `SHIFTL' intrinsic, which is standard in Fortran 2008 and later. _Standard_: @@ -12752,31 +12875,32 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = LSHIFT(I, SHIFT)' + `RESULT = LSHIFT(I, SHIFT)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - SHIFT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + SHIFT The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: *note ISHFT::, *note ISHFTC::, *note RSHIFT::, *note SHIFTA::, *note SHIFTL::, *note SHIFTR:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: LSTAT, Next: LTIME, Prev: LSHIFT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.173 'LSTAT' -- Get file status +9.173 `LSTAT' -- Get file status ================================ _Description_: - 'LSTAT' is identical to *note STAT::, except that if path is a + `LSTAT' is identical to *note STAT::, except that if path is a symbolic link, then the link itself is statted, not the file that it refers to. - The elements in 'VALUES' are the same as described by *note STAT::. + The elements in `VALUES' are the same as described by *note STAT::. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -12788,16 +12912,16 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL LSTAT(NAME, VALUES [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = LSTAT(NAME, VALUES)' + `CALL LSTAT(NAME, VALUES [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = LSTAT(NAME, VALUES)' _Arguments_: - NAME The type shall be 'CHARACTER' of the default - kind, a valid path within the file system. - VALUES The type shall be 'INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)'. - STATUS (Optional) status flag of type 'INTEGER(4)'. - Returns 0 on success and a system specific error - code otherwise. + NAME The type shall be `CHARACTER' of the default + kind, a valid path within the file system. + VALUES The type shall be `INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)'. + STATUS (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER(4)'. + Returns 0 on success and a system specific + error code otherwise. _Example_: See *note STAT:: for an example. @@ -12808,13 +12932,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: LTIME, Next: MALLOC, Prev: LSTAT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.174 'LTIME' -- Convert time to local time info +9.174 `LTIME' -- Convert time to local time info ================================================ _Description_: - Given a system time value TIME (as provided by the 'TIME8' + Given a system time value TIME (as provided by the `TIME8' intrinsic), fills VALUES with values extracted from it appropriate - to the local time zone using 'localtime(3)'. + to the local time zone using `localtime(3)'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -12823,25 +12947,33 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL LTIME(TIME, VALUES)' + `CALL LTIME(TIME, VALUES)' _Arguments_: - TIME An 'INTEGER' scalar expression corresponding to - a system time, with 'INTENT(IN)'. - VALUES A default 'INTEGER' array with 9 elements, with - 'INTENT(OUT)'. + TIME An `INTEGER' scalar expression corresponding + to a system time, with `INTENT(IN)'. + VALUES A default `INTEGER' array with 9 elements, + with `INTENT(OUT)'. _Return value_: The elements of VALUES are assigned as follows: 1. Seconds after the minute, range 0-59 or 0-61 to allow for leap seconds + 2. Minutes after the hour, range 0-59 + 3. Hours past midnight, range 0-23 + 4. Day of month, range 0-31 + 5. Number of months since January, range 0-12 + 6. Years since 1900 + 7. Number of days since Sunday, range 0-6 + 8. Days since January 1 + 9. Daylight savings indicator: positive if daylight savings is in effect, zero if not, and negative if the information is not available. @@ -12849,19 +12981,20 @@ _Return value_: _See also_: *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note TIME::, *note TIME8:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: MALLOC, Next: MASKL, Prev: LTIME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.175 'MALLOC' -- Allocate dynamic memory +9.175 `MALLOC' -- Allocate dynamic memory ========================================= _Description_: - 'MALLOC(SIZE)' allocates SIZE bytes of dynamic memory and returns - the address of the allocated memory. The 'MALLOC' intrinsic is an + `MALLOC(SIZE)' allocates SIZE bytes of dynamic memory and returns + the address of the allocated memory. The `MALLOC' intrinsic is an extension intended to be used with Cray pointers, and is provided - in GNU Fortran to allow the user to compile legacy code. For new + in GNU Fortran to allow the user to compile legacy code. For new code using Fortran 95 pointers, the memory allocation intrinsic is - 'ALLOCATE'. + `ALLOCATE'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -12870,18 +13003,18 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'PTR = MALLOC(SIZE)' + `PTR = MALLOC(SIZE)' _Arguments_: - SIZE The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + SIZE The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER(K)', with K such that - variables of type 'INTEGER(K)' have the same size as C pointers - ('sizeof(void *)'). + The return value is of type `INTEGER(K)', with K such that + variables of type `INTEGER(K)' have the same size as C pointers + (`sizeof(void *)'). _Example_: - The following example demonstrates the use of 'MALLOC' and 'FREE' + The following example demonstrates the use of `MALLOC' and `FREE' with Cray pointers. program test_malloc @@ -12908,11 +13041,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: MASKL, Next: MASKR, Prev: MALLOC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.176 'MASKL' -- Left justified mask +9.176 `MASKL' -- Left justified mask ==================================== _Description_: - 'MASKL(I[, KIND])' has its leftmost I bits set to 1, and the + `MASKL(I[, KIND])' has its leftmost I bits set to 1, and the remaining bits set to 0. _Standard_: @@ -12922,15 +13055,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MASKL(I[, KIND])' + `RESULT = MASKL(I[, KIND])' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. - KIND Shall be a scalar constant expression of type - 'INTEGER'. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER'. + KIND Shall be a scalar constant expression of type + `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER'. If KIND is present, it + The return value is of type `INTEGER'. If KIND is present, it specifies the kind value of the return type; otherwise, it is of the default integer kind. @@ -12940,11 +13073,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: MASKR, Next: MATMUL, Prev: MASKL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.177 'MASKR' -- Right justified mask +9.177 `MASKR' -- Right justified mask ===================================== _Description_: - 'MASKL(I[, KIND])' has its rightmost I bits set to 1, and the + `MASKL(I[, KIND])' has its rightmost I bits set to 1, and the remaining bits set to 0. _Standard_: @@ -12954,15 +13087,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MASKR(I[, KIND])' + `RESULT = MASKR(I[, KIND])' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. - KIND Shall be a scalar constant expression of type - 'INTEGER'. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER'. + KIND Shall be a scalar constant expression of type + `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER'. If KIND is present, it + The return value is of type `INTEGER'. If KIND is present, it specifies the kind value of the return type; otherwise, it is of the default integer kind. @@ -12972,7 +13105,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: MATMUL, Next: MAX, Prev: MASKR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.178 'MATMUL' -- matrix multiplication +9.178 `MATMUL' -- matrix multiplication ======================================= _Description_: @@ -12985,29 +13118,29 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MATMUL(MATRIX_A, MATRIX_B)' + `RESULT = MATMUL(MATRIX_A, MATRIX_B)' _Arguments_: - MATRIX_A An array of 'INTEGER', 'REAL', 'COMPLEX', or - 'LOGICAL' type, with a rank of one or two. - MATRIX_B An array of 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or 'COMPLEX' type - if MATRIX_A is of a numeric type; otherwise, an - array of 'LOGICAL' type. The rank shall be one - or two, and the first (or only) dimension of - MATRIX_B shall be equal to the last (or only) - dimension of MATRIX_A. + MATRIX_A An array of `INTEGER', `REAL', `COMPLEX', or + `LOGICAL' type, with a rank of one or two. + MATRIX_B An array of `INTEGER', `REAL', or `COMPLEX' + type if MATRIX_A is of a numeric type; + otherwise, an array of `LOGICAL' type. The + rank shall be one or two, and the first (or + only) dimension of MATRIX_B shall be equal to + the last (or only) dimension of MATRIX_A. _Return value_: The matrix product of MATRIX_A and MATRIX_B. The type and kind of the result follow the usual type and kind promotion rules, as for - the '*' or '.AND.' operators. + the `*' or `.AND.' operators. _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: MAX, Next: MAXEXPONENT, Prev: MATMUL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.179 'MAX' -- Maximum value of an argument list +9.179 `MAX' -- Maximum value of an argument list ================================================ _Description_: @@ -13020,43 +13153,44 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MAX(A1, A2 [, A3 [, ...]])' + `RESULT = MAX(A1, A2 [, A3 [, ...]])' _Arguments_: - A1 The type shall be 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - A2, A3, An expression of the same type and kind as A1. - ... (As a GNU extension, arguments of different - kinds are permitted.) + A1 The type shall be `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + A2, A3, An expression of the same type and kind as A1. + ... (As a GNU extension, arguments of different + kinds are permitted.) _Return value_: The return value corresponds to the maximum value among the arguments, and has the same type and kind as the first argument. _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'MAX0(A1)' 'INTEGER(4) 'INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and - A1' later - 'AMAX0(A1)' 'INTEGER(4) 'REAL(MAX(X))' Fortran 77 and - A1' later - 'MAX1(A1)' 'REAL A1' 'INT(MAX(X))' Fortran 77 and - later - 'AMAX1(A1)' 'REAL(4) A1' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DMAX1(A1)' 'REAL(8) A1' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `MAX0(A1)' `INTEGER(4) `INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and + A1' later + `AMAX0(A1)' `INTEGER(4) `REAL(MAX(X))'Fortran 77 and + A1' later + `MAX1(A1)' `REAL A1' `INT(MAX(X))' Fortran 77 and + later + `AMAX1(A1)' `REAL(4) A1' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DMAX1(A1)' `REAL(8) A1' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later _See also_: *note MAXLOC:: *note MAXVAL::, *note MIN:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: MAXEXPONENT, Next: MAXLOC, Prev: MAX, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.180 'MAXEXPONENT' -- Maximum exponent of a real kind +9.180 `MAXEXPONENT' -- Maximum exponent of a real kind ====================================================== _Description_: - 'MAXEXPONENT(X)' returns the maximum exponent in the model of the - type of 'X'. + `MAXEXPONENT(X)' returns the maximum exponent in the model of the + type of `X'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13065,13 +13199,13 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MAXEXPONENT(X)' + `RESULT = MAXEXPONENT(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL'. + X Shall be of type `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the default integer + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer kind. _Example_: @@ -13086,7 +13220,7 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: MAXLOC, Next: MAXVAL, Prev: MAXEXPONENT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.181 'MAXLOC' -- Location of the maximum value within an array +9.181 `MAXLOC' -- Location of the maximum value within an array =============================================================== _Description_: @@ -13094,13 +13228,13 @@ _Description_: maximum value, or, if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the locations of the maximum element along each row of the array in the DIM direction. If MASK is present, only the elements for which - MASK is '.TRUE.' are considered. If more than one element in the + MASK is `.TRUE.' are considered. If more than one element in the array has the maximum value, the location returned is that of the first such element in array element order. If the array has zero - size, or all of the elements of MASK are '.FALSE.', then the result - is an array of zeroes. Similarly, if DIM is supplied and all of - the elements of MASK along a given row are zero, the result value - for that row is zero. + size, or all of the elements of MASK are `.FALSE.', then the + result is an array of zeroes. Similarly, if DIM is supplied and + all of the elements of MASK along a given row are zero, the result + value for that row is zero. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13109,17 +13243,17 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MAXLOC(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])' - 'RESULT = MAXLOC(ARRAY [, MASK])' + `RESULT = MAXLOC(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])' + `RESULT = MAXLOC(ARRAY [, MASK])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER', - with a value between one and the rank of ARRAY, - inclusive. It may not be an optional dummy - argument. - MASK Shall be an array of type 'LOGICAL', and - conformable with ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type + `INTEGER', with a value between one and the + rank of ARRAY, inclusive. It may not be an + optional dummy argument. + MASK Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL', and + conformable with ARRAY. _Return value_: If DIM is absent, the result is a rank-one array with a length @@ -13127,25 +13261,26 @@ _Return value_: array with a rank one less than the rank of ARRAY, and a size corresponding to the size of ARRAY with the DIM dimension removed. If DIM is present and ARRAY has a rank of one, the result is a - scalar. In all cases, the result is of default 'INTEGER' type. + scalar. In all cases, the result is of default `INTEGER' type. _See also_: *note MAX::, *note MAXVAL:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: MAXVAL, Next: MCLOCK, Prev: MAXLOC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.182 'MAXVAL' -- Maximum value of an array +9.182 `MAXVAL' -- Maximum value of an array =========================================== _Description_: - Determines the maximum value of the elements in an array value, or, - if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the maximum value along - each row of the array in the DIM direction. If MASK is present, - only the elements for which MASK is '.TRUE.' are considered. If - the array has zero size, or all of the elements of MASK are - '.FALSE.', then the result is '-HUGE(ARRAY)' if ARRAY is numeric, - or a string of nulls if ARRAY is of character type. + Determines the maximum value of the elements in an array value, + or, if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the maximum value + along each row of the array in the DIM direction. If MASK is + present, only the elements for which MASK is `.TRUE.' are + considered. If the array has zero size, or all of the elements of + MASK are `.FALSE.', then the result is `-HUGE(ARRAY)' if ARRAY is + numeric, or a string of nulls if ARRAY is of character type. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13154,17 +13289,17 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MAXVAL(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])' - 'RESULT = MAXVAL(ARRAY [, MASK])' + `RESULT = MAXVAL(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])' + `RESULT = MAXVAL(ARRAY [, MASK])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER', - with a value between one and the rank of ARRAY, - inclusive. It may not be an optional dummy - argument. - MASK Shall be an array of type 'LOGICAL', and - conformable with ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type + `INTEGER', with a value between one and the + rank of ARRAY, inclusive. It may not be an + optional dummy argument. + MASK Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL', and + conformable with ARRAY. _Return value_: If DIM is absent, or if ARRAY has a rank of one, the result is a @@ -13179,15 +13314,15 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: MCLOCK, Next: MCLOCK8, Prev: MAXVAL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.183 'MCLOCK' -- Time function +9.183 `MCLOCK' -- Time function =============================== _Description_: Returns the number of clock ticks since the start of the process, - based on the function 'clock(3)' in the C standard library. + based on the function `clock(3)' in the C standard library. This intrinsic is not fully portable, such as to systems with - 32-bit 'INTEGER' types but supporting times wider than 32 bits. + 32-bit `INTEGER' types but supporting times wider than 32 bits. Therefore, the values returned by this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or numerically less than previous values, during a single run of the compiled program. @@ -13199,34 +13334,36 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MCLOCK()' + `RESULT = MCLOCK()' _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type 'INTEGER(4)', equal to the - number of clock ticks since the start of the process, or '-1' if - the system does not support 'clock(3)'. + The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER(4)', equal to the + number of clock ticks since the start of the process, or `-1' if + the system does not support `clock(3)'. _See also_: - *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK::, *note - TIME:: + *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK::, + *note TIME:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: MCLOCK8, Next: MERGE, Prev: MCLOCK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.184 'MCLOCK8' -- Time function (64-bit) +9.184 `MCLOCK8' -- Time function (64-bit) ========================================= _Description_: Returns the number of clock ticks since the start of the process, - based on the function 'clock(3)' in the C standard library. + based on the function `clock(3)' in the C standard library. _Warning:_ this intrinsic does not increase the range of the timing - values over that returned by 'clock(3)'. On a system with a 32-bit - 'clock(3)', 'MCLOCK8' will return a 32-bit value, even though it is - converted to a 64-bit 'INTEGER(8)' value. That means overflows of - the 32-bit value can still occur. Therefore, the values returned - by this intrinsic might be or become negative or numerically less - than previous values during a single run of the compiled program. + values over that returned by `clock(3)'. On a system with a 32-bit + `clock(3)', `MCLOCK8' will return a 32-bit value, even though it + is converted to a 64-bit `INTEGER(8)' value. That means overflows + of the 32-bit value can still occur. Therefore, the values + returned by this intrinsic might be or become negative or + numerically less than previous values during a single run of the + compiled program. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -13235,27 +13372,28 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MCLOCK8()' + `RESULT = MCLOCK8()' _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type 'INTEGER(8)', equal to the - number of clock ticks since the start of the process, or '-1' if - the system does not support 'clock(3)'. + The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER(8)', equal to the + number of clock ticks since the start of the process, or `-1' if + the system does not support `clock(3)'. _See also_: - *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK::, *note - TIME8:: + *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK::, + *note TIME8:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: MERGE, Next: MERGE_BITS, Prev: MCLOCK8, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.185 'MERGE' -- Merge variables +9.185 `MERGE' -- Merge variables ================================ _Description_: Select values from two arrays according to a logical mask. The - result is equal to TSOURCE if MASK is '.TRUE.', or equal to FSOURCE - if it is '.FALSE.'. + result is equal to TSOURCE if MASK is `.TRUE.', or equal to + FSOURCE if it is `.FALSE.'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13264,28 +13402,29 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MERGE(TSOURCE, FSOURCE, MASK)' + `RESULT = MERGE(TSOURCE, FSOURCE, MASK)' _Arguments_: - TSOURCE May be of any type. - FSOURCE Shall be of the same type and type parameters as - TSOURCE. - MASK Shall be of type 'LOGICAL'. + TSOURCE May be of any type. + FSOURCE Shall be of the same type and type parameters + as TSOURCE. + MASK Shall be of type `LOGICAL'. _Return value_: The result is of the same type and type parameters as TSOURCE. + File: gfortran.info, Node: MERGE_BITS, Next: MIN, Prev: MERGE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.186 'MERGE_BITS' -- Merge of bits under mask +9.186 `MERGE_BITS' -- Merge of bits under mask ============================================== _Description_: - 'MERGE_BITS(I, J, MASK)' merges the bits of I and J as determined + `MERGE_BITS(I, J, MASK)' merges the bits of I and J as determined by the mask. The i-th bit of the result is equal to the i-th bit - of I if the i-th bit of MASK is 1; it is equal to the i-th bit of J - otherwise. + of I if the i-th bit of MASK is 1; it is equal to the i-th bit of + J otherwise. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -13294,22 +13433,23 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MERGE_BITS(I, J, MASK)' + `RESULT = MERGE_BITS(I, J, MASK)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. - J Shall be of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind - as I. - MASK Shall be of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind - as I. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER'. + J Shall be of type `INTEGER' and of the same + kind as I. + MASK Shall be of type `INTEGER' and of the same + kind as I. _Return value_: The result is of the same type and kind as I. + File: gfortran.info, Node: MIN, Next: MINEXPONENT, Prev: MERGE_BITS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.187 'MIN' -- Minimum value of an argument list +9.187 `MIN' -- Minimum value of an argument list ================================================ _Description_: @@ -13322,30 +13462,30 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MIN(A1, A2 [, A3, ...])' + `RESULT = MIN(A1, A2 [, A3, ...])' _Arguments_: - A1 The type shall be 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - A2, A3, An expression of the same type and kind as A1. - ... (As a GNU extension, arguments of different - kinds are permitted.) + A1 The type shall be `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + A2, A3, An expression of the same type and kind as A1. + ... (As a GNU extension, arguments of different + kinds are permitted.) _Return value_: The return value corresponds to the maximum value among the arguments, and has the same type and kind as the first argument. _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'MIN0(A1)' 'INTEGER(4) 'INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and - A1' later - 'AMIN0(A1)' 'INTEGER(4) 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - A1' later - 'MIN1(A1)' 'REAL A1' 'INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'AMIN1(A1)' 'REAL(4) A1' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DMIN1(A1)' 'REAL(8) A1' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `MIN0(A1)' `INTEGER(4) `INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and + A1' later + `AMIN0(A1)' `INTEGER(4) `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + A1' later + `MIN1(A1)' `REAL A1' `INTEGER(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `AMIN1(A1)' `REAL(4) A1' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DMIN1(A1)' `REAL(8) A1' `REAL(8)' Fortran 77 and + later _See also_: *note MAX::, *note MINLOC::, *note MINVAL:: @@ -13353,12 +13493,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: MINEXPONENT, Next: MINLOC, Prev: MIN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.188 'MINEXPONENT' -- Minimum exponent of a real kind +9.188 `MINEXPONENT' -- Minimum exponent of a real kind ====================================================== _Description_: - 'MINEXPONENT(X)' returns the minimum exponent in the model of the - type of 'X'. + `MINEXPONENT(X)' returns the minimum exponent in the model of the + type of `X'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13367,22 +13507,22 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MINEXPONENT(X)' + `RESULT = MINEXPONENT(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL'. + X Shall be of type `REAL'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the default integer + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer kind. _Example_: - See 'MAXEXPONENT' for an example. + See `MAXEXPONENT' for an example. File: gfortran.info, Node: MINLOC, Next: MINVAL, Prev: MINEXPONENT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.189 'MINLOC' -- Location of the minimum value within an array +9.189 `MINLOC' -- Location of the minimum value within an array =============================================================== _Description_: @@ -13390,13 +13530,13 @@ _Description_: minimum value, or, if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the locations of the minimum element along each row of the array in the DIM direction. If MASK is present, only the elements for which - MASK is '.TRUE.' are considered. If more than one element in the + MASK is `.TRUE.' are considered. If more than one element in the array has the minimum value, the location returned is that of the first such element in array element order. If the array has zero - size, or all of the elements of MASK are '.FALSE.', then the result - is an array of zeroes. Similarly, if DIM is supplied and all of - the elements of MASK along a given row are zero, the result value - for that row is zero. + size, or all of the elements of MASK are `.FALSE.', then the + result is an array of zeroes. Similarly, if DIM is supplied and + all of the elements of MASK along a given row are zero, the result + value for that row is zero. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13405,17 +13545,17 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MINLOC(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])' - 'RESULT = MINLOC(ARRAY [, MASK])' + `RESULT = MINLOC(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])' + `RESULT = MINLOC(ARRAY [, MASK])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER', - with a value between one and the rank of ARRAY, - inclusive. It may not be an optional dummy - argument. - MASK Shall be an array of type 'LOGICAL', and - conformable with ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type + `INTEGER', with a value between one and the + rank of ARRAY, inclusive. It may not be an + optional dummy argument. + MASK Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL', and + conformable with ARRAY. _Return value_: If DIM is absent, the result is a rank-one array with a length @@ -13423,25 +13563,27 @@ _Return value_: array with a rank one less than the rank of ARRAY, and a size corresponding to the size of ARRAY with the DIM dimension removed. If DIM is present and ARRAY has a rank of one, the result is a - scalar. In all cases, the result is of default 'INTEGER' type. + scalar. In all cases, the result is of default `INTEGER' type. _See also_: *note MIN::, *note MINVAL:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: MINVAL, Next: MOD, Prev: MINLOC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.190 'MINVAL' -- Minimum value of an array +9.190 `MINVAL' -- Minimum value of an array =========================================== _Description_: - Determines the minimum value of the elements in an array value, or, - if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the minimum value along - each row of the array in the DIM direction. If MASK is present, - only the elements for which MASK is '.TRUE.' are considered. If - the array has zero size, or all of the elements of MASK are - '.FALSE.', then the result is 'HUGE(ARRAY)' if ARRAY is numeric, or - a string of 'CHAR(255)' characters if ARRAY is of character type. + Determines the minimum value of the elements in an array value, + or, if the DIM argument is supplied, determines the minimum value + along each row of the array in the DIM direction. If MASK is + present, only the elements for which MASK is `.TRUE.' are + considered. If the array has zero size, or all of the elements of + MASK are `.FALSE.', then the result is `HUGE(ARRAY)' if ARRAY is + numeric, or a string of `CHAR(255)' characters if ARRAY is of + character type. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13450,17 +13592,17 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MINVAL(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])' - 'RESULT = MINVAL(ARRAY [, MASK])' + `RESULT = MINVAL(ARRAY, DIM [, MASK])' + `RESULT = MINVAL(ARRAY [, MASK])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER', - with a value between one and the rank of ARRAY, - inclusive. It may not be an optional dummy - argument. - MASK Shall be an array of type 'LOGICAL', and - conformable with ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type + `INTEGER', with a value between one and the + rank of ARRAY, inclusive. It may not be an + optional dummy argument. + MASK Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL', and + conformable with ARRAY. _Return value_: If DIM is absent, or if ARRAY has a rank of one, the result is a @@ -13472,14 +13614,15 @@ _Return value_: _See also_: *note MIN::, *note MINLOC:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: MOD, Next: MODULO, Prev: MINVAL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.191 'MOD' -- Remainder function +9.191 `MOD' -- Remainder function ================================= _Description_: - 'MOD(A,P)' computes the remainder of the division of A by P. + `MOD(A,P)' computes the remainder of the division of A by P. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -13488,18 +13631,18 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MOD(A, P)' + `RESULT = MOD(A, P)' _Arguments_: - A Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - P Shall be a scalar of the same type and kind as A - and not equal to zero. + A Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + P Shall be a scalar of the same type and kind as + A and not equal to zero. _Return value_: - The return value is the result of 'A - (INT(A/P) * P)'. The type + The return value is the result of `A - (INT(A/P) * P)'. The type and kind of the return value is the same as that of the arguments. - The returned value has the same sign as A and a magnitude less than - the magnitude of P. + The returned value has the same sign as A and a magnitude less + than the magnitude of P. _Example_: program test_mod @@ -13520,25 +13663,26 @@ _Example_: end program test_mod _Specific names_: - Name Arguments Return type Standard - 'MOD(A,P)' 'INTEGER 'INTEGER' Fortran 95 and - A,P' later - 'AMOD(A,P)' 'REAL(4) 'REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and - A,P' later - 'DMOD(A,P)' 'REAL(8) 'REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and - A,P' later + Name Arguments Return type Standard + `MOD(A,P)' `INTEGER `INTEGER' Fortran 95 and + A,P' later + `AMOD(A,P)' `REAL(4) `REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and + A,P' later + `DMOD(A,P)' `REAL(8) `REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and + A,P' later _See also_: *note MODULO:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: MODULO, Next: MOVE_ALLOC, Prev: MOD, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.192 'MODULO' -- Modulo function +9.192 `MODULO' -- Modulo function ================================= _Description_: - 'MODULO(A,P)' computes the A modulo P. + `MODULO(A,P)' computes the A modulo P. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13547,20 +13691,21 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = MODULO(A, P)' + `RESULT = MODULO(A, P)' _Arguments_: - A Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' or 'REAL'. - P Shall be a scalar of the same type and kind as - A. It shall not be zero. + A Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' or `REAL'. + P Shall be a scalar of the same type and kind as + A. It shall not be zero. _Return value_: The type and kind of the result are those of the arguments. - If A and P are of type 'INTEGER': - 'MODULO(A,P)' has the value R such that 'A=Q*P+R', where Q is + If A and P are of type `INTEGER': + `MODULO(A,P)' has the value R such that `A=Q*P+R', where Q is an integer and R is between 0 (inclusive) and P (exclusive). - If A and P are of type 'REAL': - 'MODULO(A,P)' has the value of 'A - FLOOR (A / P) * P'. + + If A and P are of type `REAL': + `MODULO(A,P)' has the value of `A - FLOOR (A / P) * P'. The returned value has the same sign as P and a magnitude less than the magnitude of P. @@ -13579,14 +13724,15 @@ _Example_: _See also_: *note MOD:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: MOVE_ALLOC, Next: MVBITS, Prev: MODULO, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.193 'MOVE_ALLOC' -- Move allocation from one object to another +9.193 `MOVE_ALLOC' -- Move allocation from one object to another ================================================================ _Description_: - 'MOVE_ALLOC(FROM, TO)' moves the allocation from FROM to TO. FROM + `MOVE_ALLOC(FROM, TO)' moves the allocation from FROM to TO. FROM will become deallocated in the process. _Standard_: @@ -13596,13 +13742,13 @@ _Class_: Pure subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL MOVE_ALLOC(FROM, TO)' + `CALL MOVE_ALLOC(FROM, TO)' _Arguments_: - FROM 'ALLOCATABLE', 'INTENT(INOUT)', may be of any - type and kind. - TO 'ALLOCATABLE', 'INTENT(OUT)', shall be of the - same type, kind and rank as FROM. + FROM `ALLOCATABLE', `INTENT(INOUT)', may be of any + type and kind. + TO `ALLOCATABLE', `INTENT(OUT)', shall be of the + same type, kind and rank as FROM. _Return value_: None @@ -13621,15 +13767,15 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: MVBITS, Next: NEAREST, Prev: MOVE_ALLOC, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.194 'MVBITS' -- Move bits from one integer to another +9.194 `MVBITS' -- Move bits from one integer to another ======================================================= _Description_: - Moves LEN bits from positions FROMPOS through 'FROMPOS+LEN-1' of - FROM to positions TOPOS through 'TOPOS+LEN-1' of TO. The portion + Moves LEN bits from positions FROMPOS through `FROMPOS+LEN-1' of + FROM to positions TOPOS through `TOPOS+LEN-1' of TO. The portion of argument TO not affected by the movement of bits is unchanged. - The values of 'FROMPOS+LEN-1' and 'TOPOS+LEN-1' must be less than - 'BIT_SIZE(FROM)'. + The values of `FROMPOS+LEN-1' and `TOPOS+LEN-1' must be less than + `BIT_SIZE(FROM)'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13638,15 +13784,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL MVBITS(FROM, FROMPOS, LEN, TO, TOPOS)' + `CALL MVBITS(FROM, FROMPOS, LEN, TO, TOPOS)' _Arguments_: - FROM The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - FROMPOS The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - LEN The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - TO The type shall be 'INTEGER', of the same kind as - FROM. - TOPOS The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + FROM The type shall be `INTEGER'. + FROMPOS The type shall be `INTEGER'. + LEN The type shall be `INTEGER'. + TO The type shall be `INTEGER', of the same kind + as FROM. + TOPOS The type shall be `INTEGER'. _See also_: *note IBCLR::, *note IBSET::, *note IBITS::, *note IAND::, *note @@ -13655,12 +13801,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: NEAREST, Next: NEW_LINE, Prev: MVBITS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.195 'NEAREST' -- Nearest representable number +9.195 `NEAREST' -- Nearest representable number =============================================== _Description_: - 'NEAREST(X, S)' returns the processor-representable number nearest - to 'X' in the direction indicated by the sign of 'S'. + `NEAREST(X, S)' returns the processor-representable number nearest + to `X' in the direction indicated by the sign of `S'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13669,17 +13815,17 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = NEAREST(X, S)' + `RESULT = NEAREST(X, S)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL'. - S Shall be of type 'REAL' and not equal to zero. + X Shall be of type `REAL'. + S Shall be of type `REAL' and not equal to zero. _Return value_: - The return value is of the same type as 'X'. If 'S' is positive, - 'NEAREST' returns the processor-representable number greater than - 'X' and nearest to it. If 'S' is negative, 'NEAREST' returns the - processor-representable number smaller than 'X' and nearest to it. + The return value is of the same type as `X'. If `S' is positive, + `NEAREST' returns the processor-representable number greater than + `X' and nearest to it. If `S' is negative, `NEAREST' returns the + processor-representable number smaller than `X' and nearest to it. _Example_: program test_nearest @@ -13692,11 +13838,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: NEW_LINE, Next: NINT, Prev: NEAREST, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.196 'NEW_LINE' -- New line character +9.196 `NEW_LINE' -- New line character ====================================== _Description_: - 'NEW_LINE(C)' returns the new-line character. + `NEW_LINE(C)' returns the new-line character. _Standard_: Fortran 2003 and later @@ -13705,11 +13851,11 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = NEW_LINE(C)' + `RESULT = NEW_LINE(C)' _Arguments_: - C The argument shall be a scalar or array of the - type 'CHARACTER'. + C The argument shall be a scalar or array of the + type `CHARACTER'. _Return value_: Returns a CHARACTER scalar of length one with the new-line @@ -13724,11 +13870,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: NINT, Next: NORM2, Prev: NEW_LINE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.197 'NINT' -- Nearest whole number +9.197 `NINT' -- Nearest whole number ==================================== _Description_: - 'NINT(A)' rounds its argument to the nearest whole number. + `NINT(A)' rounds its argument to the nearest whole number. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 90 and later @@ -13737,18 +13883,18 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = NINT(A [, KIND])' + `RESULT = NINT(A [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - A The type of the argument shall be 'REAL'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + A The type of the argument shall be `REAL'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: Returns A with the fractional portion of its magnitude eliminated by rounding to the nearest whole number and with its sign - preserved, converted to an 'INTEGER' of the default kind. + preserved, converted to an `INTEGER' of the default kind. _Example_: program test_nint @@ -13760,19 +13906,20 @@ _Example_: end program test_nint _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return Type Standard - 'NINT(A)' 'REAL(4) A' 'INTEGER' Fortran 95 and - later - 'IDNINT(A)' 'REAL(8) A' 'INTEGER' Fortran 95 and - later + Name Argument Return Type Standard + `NINT(A)' `REAL(4) A' `INTEGER' Fortran 95 and + later + `IDNINT(A)' `REAL(8) A' `INTEGER' Fortran 95 and + later _See also_: *note CEILING::, *note FLOOR:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: NORM2, Next: NOT, Prev: NINT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.198 'NORM2' -- Euclidean vector norms +9.198 `NORM2' -- Euclidean vector norms ======================================= _Description_: @@ -13786,21 +13933,21 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = NORM2(ARRAY[, DIM])' + `RESULT = NORM2(ARRAY[, DIM])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'REAL' - DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n - equals the rank of ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `REAL' + DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n + equals the rank of ARRAY. _Return value_: The result is of the same type as ARRAY. If DIM is absent, a scalar with the square root of the sum of all - elements in ARRAY squared is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank - n-1, where n equals the rank of ARRAY, and a shape similar to that - of ARRAY with dimension DIM dropped is returned. + elements in ARRAY squared is returned. Otherwise, an array of + rank n-1, where n equals the rank of ARRAY, and a shape similar to + that of ARRAY with dimension DIM dropped is returned. _Example_: PROGRAM test_sum @@ -13811,11 +13958,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: NOT, Next: NULL, Prev: NORM2, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.199 'NOT' -- Logical negation +9.199 `NOT' -- Logical negation =============================== _Description_: - 'NOT' returns the bitwise Boolean inverse of I. + `NOT' returns the bitwise Boolean inverse of I. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -13824,22 +13971,23 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = NOT(I)' + `RESULT = NOT(I)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return type is 'INTEGER', of the same kind as the argument. + The return type is `INTEGER', of the same kind as the argument. _See also_: *note IAND::, *note IEOR::, *note IOR::, *note IBITS::, *note IBSET::, *note IBCLR:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: NULL, Next: NUM_IMAGES, Prev: NOT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.200 'NULL' -- Function that returns an disassociated pointer +9.200 `NULL' -- Function that returns an disassociated pointer ============================================================== _Description_: @@ -13848,7 +13996,7 @@ _Description_: If MOLD is present, a disassociated pointer of the same type is returned, otherwise the type is determined by context. - In Fortran 95, MOLD is optional. Please note that Fortran 2003 + In Fortran 95, MOLD is optional. Please note that Fortran 2003 includes cases where it is required. _Standard_: @@ -13858,11 +14006,11 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'PTR => NULL([MOLD])' + `PTR => NULL([MOLD])' _Arguments_: - MOLD (Optional) shall be a pointer of any association - status and of any type. + MOLD (Optional) shall be a pointer of any + association status and of any type. _Return value_: A disassociated pointer. @@ -13876,36 +14024,37 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: NUM_IMAGES, Next: OR, Prev: NULL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.201 'NUM_IMAGES' -- Function that returns the number of images +9.201 `NUM_IMAGES' -- Function that returns the number of images ================================================================ _Description_: Returns the number of images. _Standard_: - Fortran 2008 and later. With DISTANCE or FAILED argument, + Fortran 2008 and later. With DISTANCE or FAILED argument, Technical Specification (TS) 18508 or later _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = NUM_IMAGES(DISTANCE, FAILED)' + `RESULT = NUM_IMAGES(DISTANCE, FAILED)' _Arguments_: - DISTANCE (optional, intent(in)) Nonnegative scalar - integer - FAILED (optional, intent(in)) Scalar logical expression + DISTANCE (optional, intent(in)) Nonnegative scalar + integer + FAILED (optional, intent(in)) Scalar logical + expression _Return value_: Scalar default-kind integer. If DISTANCE is not present or has - value 0, the number of images in the current team is returned. For + value 0, the number of images in the current team is returned. For values smaller or equal distance to the initial team, it returns the number of images index on the ancestor team which has a - distance of DISTANCE from the invoking team. If DISTANCE is larger + distance of DISTANCE from the invoking team. If DISTANCE is larger than the distance to the initial team, the number of images of the - initial team is returned. If FAILED is not present the total - number of images is returned; if it has the value '.TRUE.', the + initial team is returned. If FAILED is not present the total + number of images is returned; if it has the value `.TRUE.', the number of failed images is returned, otherwise, the number of images which do have not the failed status. @@ -13926,11 +14075,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: OR, Next: PACK, Prev: NUM_IMAGES, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.202 'OR' -- Bitwise logical OR +9.202 `OR' -- Bitwise logical OR ================================ _Description_: - Bitwise logical 'OR'. + Bitwise logical `OR'. This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with GNU Fortran 77. For integer arguments, programmers should consider @@ -13944,18 +14093,18 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = OR(I, J)' + `RESULT = OR(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be either a scalar 'INTEGER' type - or a scalar 'LOGICAL' type. - J The type shall be the same as the type of J. + I The type shall be either a scalar `INTEGER' + type or a scalar `LOGICAL' type. + J The type shall be the same as the type of J. _Return value_: - The return type is either a scalar 'INTEGER' or a scalar 'LOGICAL'. - If the kind type parameters differ, then the smaller kind type is - implicitly converted to larger kind, and the return has the larger - kind. + The return type is either a scalar `INTEGER' or a scalar + `LOGICAL'. If the kind type parameters differ, then the smaller + kind type is implicitly converted to larger kind, and the return + has the larger kind. _Example_: PROGRAM test_or @@ -13973,14 +14122,14 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: PACK, Next: PARITY, Prev: OR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.203 'PACK' -- Pack an array into an array of rank one +9.203 `PACK' -- Pack an array into an array of rank one ======================================================= _Description_: Stores the elements of ARRAY in an array of rank one. The beginning of the resulting array is made up of elements whose - MASK equals 'TRUE'. Afterwards, positions are filled with elements + MASK equals `TRUE'. Afterwards, positions are filled with elements taken from VECTOR. _Standard_: @@ -13990,25 +14139,25 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = PACK(ARRAY, MASK[,VECTOR])' + `RESULT = PACK(ARRAY, MASK[,VECTOR])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of any type. - MASK Shall be an array of type 'LOGICAL' and of the - same size as ARRAY. Alternatively, it may be a - 'LOGICAL' scalar. - VECTOR (Optional) shall be an array of the same type as - ARRAY and of rank one. If present, the number - of elements in VECTOR shall be equal to or - greater than the number of true elements in - MASK. If MASK is scalar, the number of elements - in VECTOR shall be equal to or greater than the - number of elements in ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of any type. + MASK Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL' and of the + same size as ARRAY. Alternatively, it may be a + `LOGICAL' scalar. + VECTOR (Optional) shall be an array of the same type + as ARRAY and of rank one. If present, the + number of elements in VECTOR shall be equal to + or greater than the number of true elements in + MASK. If MASK is scalar, the number of + elements in VECTOR shall be equal to or + greater than the number of elements in ARRAY. _Return value_: The result is an array of rank one and the same type as that of ARRAY. If VECTOR is present, the result size is that of VECTOR, - the number of 'TRUE' values in MASK otherwise. + the number of `TRUE' values in MASK otherwise. _Example_: Gathering nonzero elements from an array: @@ -14032,11 +14181,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: PARITY, Next: PERROR, Prev: PACK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.204 'PARITY' -- Reduction with exclusive OR +9.204 `PARITY' -- Reduction with exclusive OR ============================================= _Description_: - Calculates the parity, i.e. the reduction using '.XOR.', of MASK + Calculates the parity, i.e. the reduction using `.XOR.', of MASK along dimension DIM. _Standard_: @@ -14046,19 +14195,19 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = PARITY(MASK[, DIM])' + `RESULT = PARITY(MASK[, DIM])' _Arguments_: - LOGICAL Shall be an array of type 'LOGICAL' - DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n - equals the rank of MASK. + LOGICAL Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL' + DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n + equals the rank of MASK. _Return value_: The result is of the same type as MASK. If DIM is absent, a scalar with the parity of all elements in MASK - is returned, i.e. true if an odd number of elements is '.true.' + is returned, i.e. true if an odd number of elements is `.true.' and false otherwise. If DIM is present, an array of rank n-1, where n equals the rank of ARRAY, and a shape similar to that of MASK with dimension DIM dropped is returned. @@ -14072,13 +14221,13 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: PERROR, Next: POPCNT, Prev: PARITY, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.205 'PERROR' -- Print system error message +9.205 `PERROR' -- Print system error message ============================================ _Description_: - Prints (on the C 'stderr' stream) a newline-terminated error - message corresponding to the last system error. This is prefixed - by STRING, a colon and a space. See 'perror(3)'. + Prints (on the C `stderr' stream) a newline-terminated error + message corresponding to the last system error. This is prefixed by + STRING, a colon and a space. See `perror(3)'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -14087,11 +14236,11 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL PERROR(STRING)' + `CALL PERROR(STRING)' _Arguments_: - STRING A scalar of type 'CHARACTER' and of the default - kind. + STRING A scalar of type `CHARACTER' and of the + default kind. _See also_: *note IERRNO:: @@ -14099,12 +14248,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: POPCNT, Next: POPPAR, Prev: PERROR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.206 'POPCNT' -- Number of bits set +9.206 `POPCNT' -- Number of bits set ==================================== _Description_: - 'POPCNT(I)' returns the number of bits set ('1' bits) in the binary - representation of 'I'. + `POPCNT(I)' returns the number of bits set ('1' bits) in the binary + representation of `I'. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -14113,13 +14262,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = POPCNT(I)' + `RESULT = POPCNT(I)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the default integer + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer kind. _See also_: @@ -14135,13 +14284,13 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: POPPAR, Next: PRECISION, Prev: POPCNT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.207 'POPPAR' -- Parity of the number of bits set +9.207 `POPPAR' -- Parity of the number of bits set ================================================== _Description_: - 'POPPAR(I)' returns parity of the integer 'I', i.e. the parity of + `POPPAR(I)' returns parity of the integer `I', i.e. the parity of the number of bits set ('1' bits) in the binary representation of - 'I'. It is equal to 0 if 'I' has an even number of bits set, and 1 + `I'. It is equal to 0 if `I' has an even number of bits set, and 1 for an odd number of '1' bits. _Standard_: @@ -14151,13 +14300,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = POPPAR(I)' + `RESULT = POPPAR(I)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the default integer + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer kind. _See also_: @@ -14173,12 +14322,12 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: PRECISION, Next: PRESENT, Prev: POPPAR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.208 'PRECISION' -- Decimal precision of a real kind +9.208 `PRECISION' -- Decimal precision of a real kind ===================================================== _Description_: - 'PRECISION(X)' returns the decimal precision in the model of the - type of 'X'. + `PRECISION(X)' returns the decimal precision in the model of the + type of `X'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -14187,13 +14336,13 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = PRECISION(X)' + `RESULT = PRECISION(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X Shall be of type `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the default integer + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer kind. _See also_: @@ -14211,7 +14360,7 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: PRESENT, Next: PRODUCT, Prev: PRECISION, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.209 'PRESENT' -- Determine whether an optional dummy argument is specified +9.209 `PRESENT' -- Determine whether an optional dummy argument is specified ============================================================================ _Description_: @@ -14224,18 +14373,18 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = PRESENT(A)' + `RESULT = PRESENT(A)' _Arguments_: - A May be of any type and may be a pointer, scalar - or array value, or a dummy procedure. It shall - be the name of an optional dummy argument - accessible within the current subroutine or - function. + A May be of any type and may be a pointer, + scalar or array value, or a dummy procedure. + It shall be the name of an optional dummy + argument accessible within the current + subroutine or function. _Return value_: - Returns either 'TRUE' if the optional argument A is present, or - 'FALSE' otherwise. + Returns either `TRUE' if the optional argument A is present, or + `FALSE' otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM test_present @@ -14250,12 +14399,12 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: PRODUCT, Next: RADIX, Prev: PRESENT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.210 'PRODUCT' -- Product of array elements +9.210 `PRODUCT' -- Product of array elements ============================================ _Description_: Multiplies the elements of ARRAY along dimension DIM if the - corresponding element in MASK is 'TRUE'. + corresponding element in MASK is `TRUE'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -14264,24 +14413,24 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = PRODUCT(ARRAY[, MASK])' - 'RESULT = PRODUCT(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' + `RESULT = PRODUCT(ARRAY[, MASK])' + `RESULT = PRODUCT(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'INTEGER', 'REAL' or - 'COMPLEX'. - DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n - equals the rank of ARRAY. - MASK (Optional) shall be of type 'LOGICAL' and either - be a scalar or an array of the same shape as - ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `INTEGER', `REAL' or + `COMPLEX'. + DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n + equals the rank of ARRAY. + MASK (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL' and + either be a scalar or an array of the same + shape as ARRAY. _Return value_: The result is of the same type as ARRAY. If DIM is absent, a scalar with the product of all elements in - ARRAY is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals + ARRAY is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals the rank of ARRAY, and a shape similar to that of ARRAY with dimension DIM dropped is returned. @@ -14298,11 +14447,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: RADIX, Next: RAN, Prev: PRODUCT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.211 'RADIX' -- Base of a model number +9.211 `RADIX' -- Base of a model number ======================================= _Description_: - 'RADIX(X)' returns the base of the model representing the entity X. + `RADIX(X)' returns the base of the model representing the entity X. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -14311,13 +14460,13 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = RADIX(X)' + `RESULT = RADIX(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'INTEGER' or 'REAL' + X Shall be of type `INTEGER' or `REAL' _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type 'INTEGER' and of the default + The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer kind. _See also_: @@ -14329,15 +14478,16 @@ _Example_: print *, "The radix for the default real kind is", radix(0.0) end program test_radix + File: gfortran.info, Node: RAN, Next: RAND, Prev: RADIX, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.212 'RAN' -- Real pseudo-random number +9.212 `RAN' -- Real pseudo-random number ======================================== _Description_: - For compatibility with HP FORTRAN 77/iX, the 'RAN' intrinsic is - provided as an alias for 'RAND'. See *note RAND:: for complete + For compatibility with HP FORTRAN 77/iX, the `RAN' intrinsic is + provided as an alias for `RAND'. See *note RAND:: for complete documentation. _Standard_: @@ -14352,20 +14502,20 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: RAND, Next: RANDOM_NUMBER, Prev: RAN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.213 'RAND' -- Real pseudo-random number +9.213 `RAND' -- Real pseudo-random number ========================================= _Description_: - 'RAND(FLAG)' returns a pseudo-random number from a uniform - distribution between 0 and 1. If FLAG is 0, the next number in the + `RAND(FLAG)' returns a pseudo-random number from a uniform + distribution between 0 and 1. If FLAG is 0, the next number in the current sequence is returned; if FLAG is 1, the generator is - restarted by 'CALL SRAND(0)'; if FLAG has any other value, it is - used as a new seed with 'SRAND'. + restarted by `CALL SRAND(0)'; if FLAG has any other value, it is + used as a new seed with `SRAND'. This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with - GNU Fortran 77. It implements a simple modulo generator as - provided by 'g77'. For new code, one should consider the use of - *note RANDOM_NUMBER:: as it implements a superior algorithm. + GNU Fortran 77. It implements a simple modulo generator as provided + by `g77'. For new code, one should consider the use of *note + RANDOM_NUMBER:: as it implements a superior algorithm. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -14374,13 +14524,13 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = RAND(I)' + `RESULT = RAND(I)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER' of kind 4. + I Shall be a scalar `INTEGER' of kind 4. _Return value_: - The return value is of 'REAL' type and the default kind. + The return value is of `REAL' type and the default kind. _Example_: program test_rand @@ -14394,33 +14544,35 @@ _Example_: _See also_: *note SRAND::, *note RANDOM_NUMBER:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: RANDOM_NUMBER, Next: RANDOM_SEED, Prev: RAND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.214 'RANDOM_NUMBER' -- Pseudo-random number +9.214 `RANDOM_NUMBER' -- Pseudo-random number ============================================= _Description_: Returns a single pseudorandom number or an array of pseudorandom - numbers from the uniform distribution over the range 0 \leq x < 1. + numbers from the uniform distribution over the range 0 \leq x < 1. The runtime-library implements George Marsaglia's KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) random number generator (RNG). This RNG combines: 1. The congruential generator x(n) = 69069 \cdot x(n-1) + - 1327217885 with a period of 2^{32}, - 2. A 3-shift shift-register generator with a period of 2^{32} - - 1, + 1327217885 with a period of 2^32, + + 2. A 3-shift shift-register generator with a period of 2^32 - 1, + 3. Two 16-bit multiply-with-carry generators with a period of - 597273182964842497 > 2^{59}. - The overall period exceeds 2^{123}. + 597273182964842497 > 2^59. + The overall period exceeds 2^123. Please note, this RNG is thread safe if used within OpenMP directives, i.e., its state will be consistent while called from multiple threads. However, the KISS generator does not create random numbers in parallel from multiple sources, but in sequence - from a single source. If an OpenMP-enabled application heavily - relies on random numbers, one should consider employing a dedicated - parallel random number generator instead. + from a single source. If an OpenMP-enabled application heavily + relies on random numbers, one should consider employing a + dedicated parallel random number generator instead. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -14429,10 +14581,10 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'RANDOM_NUMBER(HARVEST)' + `RANDOM_NUMBER(HARVEST)' _Arguments_: - HARVEST Shall be a scalar or an array of type 'REAL'. + HARVEST Shall be a scalar or an array of type `REAL'. _Example_: program test_random_number @@ -14447,19 +14599,19 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: RANDOM_SEED, Next: RANGE, Prev: RANDOM_NUMBER, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.215 'RANDOM_SEED' -- Initialize a pseudo-random number sequence +9.215 `RANDOM_SEED' -- Initialize a pseudo-random number sequence ================================================================= _Description_: Restarts or queries the state of the pseudorandom number generator - used by 'RANDOM_NUMBER'. + used by `RANDOM_NUMBER'. - If 'RANDOM_SEED' is called without arguments, it is initialized to - a default state. The example below shows how to initialize the + If `RANDOM_SEED' is called without arguments, it is initialized to + a default state. The example below shows how to initialize the random seed with a varying seed in order to ensure a different - random number sequence for each invocation of the program. Note - that setting any of the seed values to zero should be avoided as it - can result in poor quality random numbers being generated. + random number sequence for each invocation of the program. Note + that setting any of the seed values to zero should be avoided as + it can result in poor quality random numbers being generated. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -14468,23 +14620,23 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL RANDOM_SEED([SIZE, PUT, GET])' + `CALL RANDOM_SEED([SIZE, PUT, GET])' _Arguments_: - SIZE (Optional) Shall be a scalar and of type default - 'INTEGER', with 'INTENT(OUT)'. It specifies the - minimum size of the arrays used with the PUT and - GET arguments. - PUT (Optional) Shall be an array of type default - 'INTEGER' and rank one. It is 'INTENT(IN)' and - the size of the array must be larger than or - equal to the number returned by the SIZE - argument. - GET (Optional) Shall be an array of type default - 'INTEGER' and rank one. It is 'INTENT(OUT)' and - the size of the array must be larger than or - equal to the number returned by the SIZE - argument. + SIZE (Optional) Shall be a scalar and of type + default `INTEGER', with `INTENT(OUT)'. It + specifies the minimum size of the arrays used + with the PUT and GET arguments. + PUT (Optional) Shall be an array of type default + `INTEGER' and rank one. It is `INTENT(IN)' and + the size of the array must be larger than or + equal to the number returned by the SIZE + argument. + GET (Optional) Shall be an array of type default + `INTEGER' and rank one. It is `INTENT(OUT)' + and the size of the array must be larger than + or equal to the number returned by the SIZE + argument. _Example_: subroutine init_random_seed() @@ -14545,12 +14697,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: RANGE, Next: RANK, Prev: RANDOM_SEED, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.216 'RANGE' -- Decimal exponent range +9.216 `RANGE' -- Decimal exponent range ======================================= _Description_: - 'RANGE(X)' returns the decimal exponent range in the model of the - type of 'X'. + `RANGE(X)' returns the decimal exponent range in the model of the + type of `X'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -14559,29 +14711,30 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = RANGE(X)' + `RESULT = RANGE(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'INTEGER', 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X Shall be of type `INTEGER', `REAL' or + `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the default integer + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer kind. _See also_: *note SELECTED_REAL_KIND::, *note PRECISION:: _Example_: - See 'PRECISION' for an example. + See `PRECISION' for an example. File: gfortran.info, Node: RANK, Next: REAL, Prev: RANGE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.217 'RANK' -- Rank of a data object +9.217 `RANK' -- Rank of a data object ===================================== _Description_: - 'RANK(A)' returns the rank of a scalar or array data object. + `RANK(A)' returns the rank of a scalar or array data object. _Standard_: Technical Specification (TS) 29113 @@ -14590,14 +14743,14 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = RANK(A)' + `RESULT = RANK(A)' _Arguments_: - A can be of any type + A can be of any type _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the default integer - kind. For arrays, their rank is returned; for scalars zero is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the default integer + kind. For arrays, their rank is returned; for scalars zero is returned. _Example_: @@ -14608,15 +14761,16 @@ _Example_: print *, rank(a), rank(b) ! Prints: 0 2 end program test_rank + File: gfortran.info, Node: REAL, Next: RENAME, Prev: RANK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.218 'REAL' -- Convert to real type +9.218 `REAL' -- Convert to real type ==================================== _Description_: - 'REAL(A [, KIND])' converts its argument A to a real type. The - 'REALPART' function is provided for compatibility with 'g77', and + `REAL(A [, KIND])' converts its argument A to a real type. The + `REALPART' function is provided for compatibility with `g77', and its use is strongly discouraged. _Standard_: @@ -14626,27 +14780,29 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = REAL(A [, KIND])' - 'RESULT = REALPART(Z)' + `RESULT = REAL(A [, KIND])' + `RESULT = REALPART(Z)' _Arguments_: - A Shall be 'INTEGER', 'REAL', or 'COMPLEX'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + A Shall be `INTEGER', `REAL', or `COMPLEX'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - These functions return a 'REAL' variable or array under the + These functions return a `REAL' variable or array under the following rules: - (A) - 'REAL(A)' is converted to a default real type if A is an + (A) + `REAL(A)' is converted to a default real type if A is an integer or real variable. - (B) - 'REAL(A)' is converted to a real type with the kind type + + (B) + `REAL(A)' is converted to a real type with the kind type parameter of A if A is a complex variable. - (C) - 'REAL(A, KIND)' is converted to a real type with kind type + + (C) + `REAL(A, KIND)' is converted to a real type with kind type parameter KIND if A is a complex, integer, or real variable. _Example_: @@ -14656,28 +14812,29 @@ _Example_: end program test_real _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'FLOAT(A)' 'INTEGER(4)' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later - 'DFLOAT(A)' 'INTEGER(4)' 'REAL(8)' GNU extension - 'SNGL(A)' 'INTEGER(8)' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `FLOAT(A)' `INTEGER(4)' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later + `DFLOAT(A)' `INTEGER(4)' `REAL(8)' GNU extension + `SNGL(A)' `INTEGER(8)' `REAL(4)' Fortran 77 and + later _See also_: *note DBLE:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: RENAME, Next: REPEAT, Prev: REAL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.219 'RENAME' -- Rename a file +9.219 `RENAME' -- Rename a file =============================== _Description_: - Renames a file from file PATH1 to PATH2. A null character - ('CHAR(0)') can be used to mark the end of the names in PATH1 and + Renames a file from file PATH1 to PATH2. A null character + (`CHAR(0)') can be used to mark the end of the names in PATH1 and PATH2; otherwise, trailing blanks in the file names are ignored. If the STATUS argument is supplied, it contains 0 on success or a - nonzero error code upon return; see 'rename(2)'. + nonzero error code upon return; see `rename(2)'. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -14689,21 +14846,22 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL RENAME(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = RENAME(PATH1, PATH2)' + `CALL RENAME(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = RENAME(PATH1, PATH2)' _Arguments_: - PATH1 Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - PATH2 Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default 'INTEGER' type. + PATH1 Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + PATH2 Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type. _See also_: *note LINK:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: REPEAT, Next: RESHAPE, Prev: RENAME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.220 'REPEAT' -- Repeated string concatenation +9.220 `REPEAT' -- Repeated string concatenation =============================================== _Description_: @@ -14716,14 +14874,14 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = REPEAT(STRING, NCOPIES)' + `RESULT = REPEAT(STRING, NCOPIES)' _Arguments_: - STRING Shall be scalar and of type 'CHARACTER'. - NCOPIES Shall be scalar and of type 'INTEGER'. + STRING Shall be scalar and of type `CHARACTER'. + NCOPIES Shall be scalar and of type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - A new scalar of type 'CHARACTER' built up from NCOPIES copies of + A new scalar of type `CHARACTER' built up from NCOPIES copies of STRING. _Example_: @@ -14734,11 +14892,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: RESHAPE, Next: RRSPACING, Prev: REPEAT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.221 'RESHAPE' -- Function to reshape an array +9.221 `RESHAPE' -- Function to reshape an array =============================================== _Description_: - Reshapes SOURCE to correspond to SHAPE. If necessary, the new + Reshapes SOURCE to correspond to SHAPE. If necessary, the new array may be padded with elements from PAD or permuted as defined by ORDER. @@ -14749,19 +14907,20 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = RESHAPE(SOURCE, SHAPE[, PAD, ORDER])' + `RESULT = RESHAPE(SOURCE, SHAPE[, PAD, ORDER])' _Arguments_: - SOURCE Shall be an array of any type. - SHAPE Shall be of type 'INTEGER' and an array of rank - one. Its values must be positive or zero. - PAD (Optional) shall be an array of the same type as - SOURCE. - ORDER (Optional) shall be of type 'INTEGER' and an - array of the same shape as SHAPE. Its values - shall be a permutation of the numbers from 1 to - n, where n is the size of SHAPE. If ORDER is - absent, the natural ordering shall be assumed. + SOURCE Shall be an array of any type. + SHAPE Shall be of type `INTEGER' and an array of + rank one. Its values must be positive or zero. + PAD (Optional) shall be an array of the same type + as SOURCE. + ORDER (Optional) shall be of type `INTEGER' and an + array of the same shape as SHAPE. Its values + shall be a permutation of the numbers from 1 + to n, where n is the size of SHAPE. If ORDER + is absent, the natural ordering shall be + assumed. _Return value_: The result is an array of shape SHAPE with the same type as SOURCE. @@ -14779,11 +14938,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: RRSPACING, Next: RSHIFT, Prev: RESHAPE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.222 'RRSPACING' -- Reciprocal of the relative spacing +9.222 `RRSPACING' -- Reciprocal of the relative spacing ======================================================= _Description_: - 'RRSPACING(X)' returns the reciprocal of the relative spacing of + `RRSPACING(X)' returns the reciprocal of the relative spacing of model numbers near X. _Standard_: @@ -14793,14 +14952,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = RRSPACING(X)' + `RESULT = RRSPACING(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL'. + X Shall be of type `REAL'. _Return value_: The return value is of the same type and kind as X. The value - returned is equal to 'ABS(FRACTION(X)) * + returned is equal to `ABS(FRACTION(X)) * FLOAT(RADIX(X))**DIGITS(X)'. _See also_: @@ -14809,18 +14968,18 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: RSHIFT, Next: SAME_TYPE_AS, Prev: RRSPACING, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.223 'RSHIFT' -- Right shift bits +9.223 `RSHIFT' -- Right shift bits ================================== _Description_: - 'RSHIFT' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits + `RSHIFT' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits shifted right by SHIFT places. If the absolute value of SHIFT is - greater than 'BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted - out from the right end are lost. The fill is arithmetic: the bits + greater than `BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted + out from the right end are lost. The fill is arithmetic: the bits shifted in from the left end are equal to the leftmost bit, which in two's complement representation is the sign bit. - This function has been superseded by the 'SHIFTA' intrinsic, which + This function has been superseded by the `SHIFTA' intrinsic, which is standard in Fortran 2008 and later. _Standard_: @@ -14830,24 +14989,25 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = RSHIFT(I, SHIFT)' + `RESULT = RSHIFT(I, SHIFT)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - SHIFT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + SHIFT The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: *note ISHFT::, *note ISHFTC::, *note LSHIFT::, *note SHIFTA::, *note SHIFTR::, *note SHIFTL:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: SAME_TYPE_AS, Next: SCALE, Prev: RSHIFT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.224 'SAME_TYPE_AS' -- Query dynamic types for equality -======================================================== +9.224 `SAME_TYPE_AS' -- Query dynamic types for equality +========================================================= _Description_: Query dynamic types for equality. @@ -14859,30 +15019,31 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SAME_TYPE_AS(A, B)' + `RESULT = SAME_TYPE_AS(A, B)' _Arguments_: - A Shall be an object of extensible declared type - or unlimited polymorphic. - B Shall be an object of extensible declared type - or unlimited polymorphic. + A Shall be an object of extensible declared type + or unlimited polymorphic. + B Shall be an object of extensible declared type + or unlimited polymorphic. _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type default logical. It is true + The return value is a scalar of type default logical. It is true if and only if the dynamic type of A is the same as the dynamic type of B. _See also_: *note EXTENDS_TYPE_OF:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: SCALE, Next: SCAN, Prev: SAME_TYPE_AS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.225 'SCALE' -- Scale a real value +9.225 `SCALE' -- Scale a real value =================================== _Description_: - 'SCALE(X,I)' returns 'X * RADIX(X)**I'. + `SCALE(X,I)' returns `X * RADIX(X)**I'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -14891,15 +15052,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SCALE(X, I)' + `RESULT = SCALE(X, I)' _Arguments_: - X The type of the argument shall be a 'REAL'. - I The type of the argument shall be a 'INTEGER'. + X The type of the argument shall be a `REAL'. + I The type of the argument shall be a `INTEGER'. _Return value_: The return value is of the same type and kind as X. Its value is - 'X * RADIX(X)**I'. + `X * RADIX(X)**I'. _Example_: program test_scale @@ -14908,18 +15069,19 @@ _Example_: print *, scale(x,i), x*radix(x)**i end program test_scale + File: gfortran.info, Node: SCAN, Next: SECNDS, Prev: SCALE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.226 'SCAN' -- Scan a string for the presence of a set of characters +9.226 `SCAN' -- Scan a string for the presence of a set of characters ===================================================================== _Description_: Scans a STRING for any of the characters in a SET of characters. - If BACK is either absent or equals 'FALSE', this function returns + If BACK is either absent or equals `FALSE', this function returns the position of the leftmost character of STRING that is in SET. - If BACK equals 'TRUE', the rightmost position is returned. If no + If BACK equals `TRUE', the rightmost position is returned. If no character of SET is found in STRING, the result is zero. _Standard_: @@ -14929,18 +15091,18 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SCAN(STRING, SET[, BACK [, KIND]])' + `RESULT = SCAN(STRING, SET[, BACK [, KIND]])' _Arguments_: - STRING Shall be of type 'CHARACTER'. - SET Shall be of type 'CHARACTER'. - BACK (Optional) shall be of type 'LOGICAL'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + STRING Shall be of type `CHARACTER'. + SET Shall be of type `CHARACTER'. + BACK (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. _Example_: @@ -14956,13 +15118,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SECNDS, Next: SECOND, Prev: SCAN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.227 'SECNDS' -- Time function +9.227 `SECNDS' -- Time function =============================== _Description_: - 'SECNDS(X)' gets the time in seconds from the real-time system - clock. X is a reference time, also in seconds. If this is zero, - the time in seconds from midnight is returned. This function is + `SECNDS(X)' gets the time in seconds from the real-time system + clock. X is a reference time, also in seconds. If this is zero, + the time in seconds from midnight is returned. This function is non-standard and its use is discouraged. _Standard_: @@ -14972,11 +15134,11 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SECNDS (X)' + `RESULT = SECNDS (X)' _Arguments_: - T Shall be of type 'REAL(4)'. - X Shall be of type 'REAL(4)'. + T Shall be of type `REAL(4)'. + X Shall be of type `REAL(4)'. _Return value_: None @@ -14996,13 +15158,13 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SECOND, Next: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND, Prev: SECNDS, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.228 'SECOND' -- CPU time function +9.228 `SECOND' -- CPU time function =================================== _Description_: - Returns a 'REAL(4)' value representing the elapsed CPU time in + Returns a `REAL(4)' value representing the elapsed CPU time in seconds. This provides the same functionality as the standard - 'CPU_TIME' intrinsic, and is only included for backwards + `CPU_TIME' intrinsic, and is only included for backwards compatibility. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; @@ -15015,11 +15177,11 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL SECOND(TIME)' - 'TIME = SECOND()' + `CALL SECOND(TIME)' + `TIME = SECOND()' _Arguments_: - TIME Shall be of type 'REAL(4)'. + TIME Shall be of type `REAL(4)'. _Return value_: In either syntax, TIME is set to the process's current runtime in @@ -15028,17 +15190,17 @@ _Return value_: _See also_: *note CPU_TIME:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND, Next: SELECTED_INT_KIND, Prev: SECOND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.229 'SELECTED_CHAR_KIND' -- Choose character kind +9.229 `SELECTED_CHAR_KIND' -- Choose character kind =================================================== _Description_: - - 'SELECTED_CHAR_KIND(NAME)' returns the kind value for the character + `SELECTED_CHAR_KIND(NAME)' returns the kind value for the character set named NAME, if a character set with such a name is supported, - or -1 otherwise. Currently, supported character sets include + or -1 otherwise. Currently, supported character sets include "ASCII" and "DEFAULT", which are equivalent, and "ISO_10646" (Universal Character Set, UCS-4) which is commonly known as Unicode. @@ -15050,11 +15212,11 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SELECTED_CHAR_KIND(NAME)' + `RESULT = SELECTED_CHAR_KIND(NAME)' _Arguments_: - NAME Shall be a scalar and of the default character - type. + NAME Shall be a scalar and of the default character + type. _Example_: program character_kind @@ -15080,14 +15242,14 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SELECTED_INT_KIND, Next: SELECTED_REAL_KIND, Prev: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.230 'SELECTED_INT_KIND' -- Choose integer kind +9.230 `SELECTED_INT_KIND' -- Choose integer kind ================================================ _Description_: - 'SELECTED_INT_KIND(R)' return the kind value of the smallest + `SELECTED_INT_KIND(R)' return the kind value of the smallest integer type that can represent all values ranging from -10^R - (exclusive) to 10^R (exclusive). If there is no integer kind that - accommodates this range, 'SELECTED_INT_KIND' returns -1. + (exclusive) to 10^R (exclusive). If there is no integer kind that + accommodates this range, `SELECTED_INT_KIND' returns -1. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -15096,10 +15258,10 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SELECTED_INT_KIND(R)' + `RESULT = SELECTED_INT_KIND(R)' _Arguments_: - R Shall be a scalar and of type 'INTEGER'. + R Shall be a scalar and of type `INTEGER'. _Example_: program large_integers @@ -15118,54 +15280,57 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SELECTED_REAL_KIND, Next: SET_EXPONENT, Prev: SELECTED_INT_KIND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.231 'SELECTED_REAL_KIND' -- Choose real kind +9.231 `SELECTED_REAL_KIND' -- Choose real kind ============================================== _Description_: - 'SELECTED_REAL_KIND(P,R)' returns the kind value of a real data - type with decimal precision of at least 'P' digits, exponent range - of at least 'R', and with a radix of 'RADIX'. + `SELECTED_REAL_KIND(P,R)' returns the kind value of a real data + type with decimal precision of at least `P' digits, exponent range + of at least `R', and with a radix of `RADIX'. _Standard_: - Fortran 95 and later, with 'RADIX' Fortran 2008 or later + Fortran 95 and later, with `RADIX' Fortran 2008 or later _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SELECTED_REAL_KIND([P, R, RADIX])' + `RESULT = SELECTED_REAL_KIND([P, R, RADIX])' _Arguments_: - P (Optional) shall be a scalar and of type - 'INTEGER'. - R (Optional) shall be a scalar and of type - 'INTEGER'. - RADIX (Optional) shall be a scalar and of type - 'INTEGER'. + P (Optional) shall be a scalar and of type + `INTEGER'. + R (Optional) shall be a scalar and of type + `INTEGER'. + RADIX (Optional) shall be a scalar and of type + `INTEGER'. Before Fortran 2008, at least one of the arguments R or P shall be present; since Fortran 2008, they are assumed to be zero if absent. _Return value_: - - 'SELECTED_REAL_KIND' returns the value of the kind type parameter - of a real data type with decimal precision of at least 'P' digits, - a decimal exponent range of at least 'R', and with the requested - 'RADIX'. If the 'RADIX' parameter is absent, real kinds with any - radix can be returned. If more than one real data type meet the + `SELECTED_REAL_KIND' returns the value of the kind type parameter + of a real data type with decimal precision of at least `P' digits, + a decimal exponent range of at least `R', and with the requested + `RADIX'. If the `RADIX' parameter is absent, real kinds with any + radix can be returned. If more than one real data type meet the criteria, the kind of the data type with the smallest decimal - precision is returned. If no real data type matches the criteria, + precision is returned. If no real data type matches the criteria, the result is - -1 if the processor does not support a real data type with a - precision greater than or equal to 'P', but the 'R' and - 'RADIX' requirements can be fulfilled - -2 if the processor does not support a real type with an exponent - range greater than or equal to 'R', but 'P' and 'RADIX' are + -1 if the processor does not support a real data type with a + precision greater than or equal to `P', but the `R' and + `RADIX' requirements can be fulfilled + + -2 if the processor does not support a real type with an exponent + range greater than or equal to `R', but `P' and `RADIX' are fulfillable - -3 if 'RADIX' but not 'P' and 'R' requirements + + -3 if `RADIX' but not `P' and `R' requirements are fulfillable - -4 if 'RADIX' and either 'P' or 'R' requirements + + -4 if `RADIX' and either `P' or `R' requirements are fulfillable - -5 if there is no real type with the given 'RADIX' + + -5 if there is no real type with the given `RADIX' _See also_: *note PRECISION::, *note RANGE::, *note RADIX:: @@ -15187,11 +15352,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SET_EXPONENT, Next: SHAPE, Prev: SELECTED_REAL_KIND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.232 'SET_EXPONENT' -- Set the exponent of the model +9.232 `SET_EXPONENT' -- Set the exponent of the model ===================================================== _Description_: - 'SET_EXPONENT(X, I)' returns the real number whose fractional part + `SET_EXPONENT(X, I)' returns the real number whose fractional part is that that of X and whose exponent part is I. _Standard_: @@ -15201,16 +15366,16 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SET_EXPONENT(X, I)' + `RESULT = SET_EXPONENT(X, I)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL'. - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. + X Shall be of type `REAL'. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: The return value is of the same type and kind as X. The real number whose fractional part is that that of X and whose exponent - part if I is returned; it is 'FRACTION(X) * RADIX(X)**I'. + part if I is returned; it is `FRACTION(X) * RADIX(X)**I'. _Example_: PROGRAM test_setexp @@ -15219,10 +15384,11 @@ _Example_: PRINT *, SET_EXPONENT(x, i), FRACTION(x) * RADIX(x)**i END PROGRAM + File: gfortran.info, Node: SHAPE, Next: SHIFTA, Prev: SET_EXPONENT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.233 'SHAPE' -- Determine the shape of an array +9.233 `SHAPE' -- Determine the shape of an array ================================================ _Description_: @@ -15235,23 +15401,23 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SHAPE(SOURCE [, KIND])' + `RESULT = SHAPE(SOURCE [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - SOURCE Shall be an array or scalar of any type. If - SOURCE is a pointer it must be associated and - allocatable arrays must be allocated. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + SOURCE Shall be an array or scalar of any type. If + SOURCE is a pointer it must be associated and + allocatable arrays must be allocated. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - An 'INTEGER' array of rank one with as many elements as SOURCE has - dimensions. The elements of the resulting array correspond to the - extend of SOURCE along the respective dimensions. If SOURCE is a - scalar, the result is the rank one array of size zero. If KIND is - absent, the return value has the default integer kind otherwise the - specified kind. + An `INTEGER' array of rank one with as many elements as SOURCE has + dimensions. The elements of the resulting array correspond to the + extend of SOURCE along the respective dimensions. If SOURCE is a + scalar, the result is the rank one array of size zero. If KIND is + absent, the return value has the default integer kind otherwise + the specified kind. _Example_: PROGRAM test_shape @@ -15266,14 +15432,14 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SHIFTA, Next: SHIFTL, Prev: SHAPE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.234 'SHIFTA' -- Right shift with fill +9.234 `SHIFTA' -- Right shift with fill ======================================= _Description_: - 'SHIFTA' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits + `SHIFTA' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits shifted right by SHIFT places. If the absolute value of SHIFT is - greater than 'BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted - out from the right end are lost. The fill is arithmetic: the bits + greater than `BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted + out from the right end are lost. The fill is arithmetic: the bits shifted in from the left end are equal to the leftmost bit, which in two's complement representation is the sign bit. @@ -15284,14 +15450,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SHIFTA(I, SHIFT)' + `RESULT = SHIFTA(I, SHIFT)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - SHIFT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + SHIFT The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: *note SHIFTL::, *note SHIFTR:: @@ -15299,13 +15465,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SHIFTL, Next: SHIFTR, Prev: SHIFTA, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.235 'SHIFTL' -- Left shift +9.235 `SHIFTL' -- Left shift ============================ _Description_: - 'SHIFTL' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits + `SHIFTL' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits shifted left by SHIFT places. If the absolute value of SHIFT is - greater than 'BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted + greater than `BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted out from the left end are lost, and bits shifted in from the right end are set to 0. @@ -15316,14 +15482,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SHIFTL(I, SHIFT)' + `RESULT = SHIFTL(I, SHIFT)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - SHIFT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + SHIFT The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: *note SHIFTA::, *note SHIFTR:: @@ -15331,13 +15497,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SHIFTR, Next: SIGN, Prev: SHIFTL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.236 'SHIFTR' -- Right shift +9.236 `SHIFTR' -- Right shift ============================= _Description_: - 'SHIFTR' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits + `SHIFTR' returns a value corresponding to I with all of the bits shifted right by SHIFT places. If the absolute value of SHIFT is - greater than 'BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted + greater than `BIT_SIZE(I)', the value is undefined. Bits shifted out from the right end are lost, and bits shifted in from the left end are set to 0. @@ -15348,14 +15514,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SHIFTR(I, SHIFT)' + `RESULT = SHIFTR(I, SHIFT)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be 'INTEGER'. - SHIFT The type shall be 'INTEGER'. + I The type shall be `INTEGER'. + SHIFT The type shall be `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of the same kind as I. _See also_: *note SHIFTA::, *note SHIFTL:: @@ -15363,11 +15529,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SIGN, Next: SIGNAL, Prev: SHIFTR, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.237 'SIGN' -- Sign copying function +9.237 `SIGN' -- Sign copying function ===================================== _Description_: - 'SIGN(A,B)' returns the value of A with the sign of B. + `SIGN(A,B)' returns the value of A with the sign of B. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -15376,15 +15542,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SIGN(A, B)' + `RESULT = SIGN(A, B)' _Arguments_: - A Shall be of type 'INTEGER' or 'REAL' - B Shall be of the same type and kind as A + A Shall be of type `INTEGER' or `REAL' + B Shall be of the same type and kind as A _Return value_: The kind of the return value is that of A and B. If B\ge 0 then - the result is 'ABS(A)', else it is '-ABS(A)'. + the result is `ABS(A)', else it is `-ABS(A)'. _Example_: program test_sign @@ -15398,29 +15564,29 @@ _Example_: end program test_sign _Specific names_: - Name Arguments Return type Standard - 'SIGN(A,B)' 'REAL(4) A, 'REAL(4)' f77, gnu - B' - 'ISIGN(A,B)' 'INTEGER(4) 'INTEGER(4)' f77, gnu - A, B' - 'DSIGN(A,B)' 'REAL(8) A, 'REAL(8)' f77, gnu - B' + Name Arguments Return type Standard + `SIGN(A,B)' `REAL(4) A, `REAL(4)' f77, gnu + B' + `ISIGN(A,B)' `INTEGER(4) `INTEGER(4)' f77, gnu + A, B' + `DSIGN(A,B)' `REAL(8) A, `REAL(8)' f77, gnu + B' File: gfortran.info, Node: SIGNAL, Next: SIN, Prev: SIGN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.238 'SIGNAL' -- Signal handling subroutine (or function) +9.238 `SIGNAL' -- Signal handling subroutine (or function) ========================================================== _Description_: - 'SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER [, STATUS])' causes external subroutine + `SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER [, STATUS])' causes external subroutine HANDLER to be executed with a single integer argument when signal NUMBER occurs. If HANDLER is an integer, it can be used to turn - off handling of signal NUMBER or revert to its default action. See - 'signal(2)'. + off handling of signal NUMBER or revert to its default action. + See `signal(2)'. - If 'SIGNAL' is called as a subroutine and the STATUS argument is - supplied, it is set to the value returned by 'signal(2)'. + If `SIGNAL' is called as a subroutine and the STATUS argument is + supplied, it is set to the value returned by `signal(2)'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -15429,19 +15595,19 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER)' + `CALL SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = SIGNAL(NUMBER, HANDLER)' _Arguments_: - NUMBER Shall be a scalar integer, with 'INTENT(IN)' - HANDLER Signal handler ('INTEGER FUNCTION' or - 'SUBROUTINE') or dummy/global 'INTEGER' scalar. - 'INTEGER'. It is 'INTENT(IN)'. - STATUS (Optional) STATUS shall be a scalar integer. It - has 'INTENT(OUT)'. + NUMBER Shall be a scalar integer, with `INTENT(IN)' + HANDLER Signal handler (`INTEGER FUNCTION' or + `SUBROUTINE') or dummy/global `INTEGER' scalar. + `INTEGER'. It is `INTENT(IN)'. + STATUS (Optional) STATUS shall be a scalar integer. + It has `INTENT(OUT)'. _Return value_: - The 'SIGNAL' function returns the value returned by 'signal(2)'. + The `SIGNAL' function returns the value returned by `signal(2)'. _Example_: program test_signal @@ -15457,11 +15623,11 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SIN, Next: SINH, Prev: SIGNAL, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.239 'SIN' -- Sine function +9.239 `SIN' -- Sine function ============================ _Description_: - 'SIN(X)' computes the sine of X. + `SIN(X)' computes the sine of X. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -15470,10 +15636,10 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SIN(X)' + `RESULT = SIN(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: The return value has same type and kind as X. @@ -15485,15 +15651,15 @@ _Example_: end program test_sin _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'SIN(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' f77, gnu - 'DSIN(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' f95, gnu - 'CSIN(X)' 'COMPLEX(4) 'COMPLEX(4)' f95, gnu - X' - 'ZSIN(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' f95, gnu - X' - 'CDSIN(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' f95, gnu - X' + Name Argument Return type Standard + `SIN(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' f77, gnu + `DSIN(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' f95, gnu + `CSIN(X)' `COMPLEX(4) `COMPLEX(4)' f95, gnu + X' + `ZSIN(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' f95, gnu + X' + `CDSIN(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' f95, gnu + X' _See also_: *note ASIN:: @@ -15501,11 +15667,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SINH, Next: SIZE, Prev: SIN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.240 'SINH' -- Hyperbolic sine function +9.240 `SINH' -- Hyperbolic sine function ======================================== _Description_: - 'SINH(X)' computes the hyperbolic sine of X. + `SINH(X)' computes the hyperbolic sine of X. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later, for a complex argument Fortran 2008 or later @@ -15514,10 +15680,10 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SINH(X)' + `RESULT = SINH(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: The return value has same type and kind as X. @@ -15529,11 +15695,11 @@ _Example_: end program test_sinh _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'SINH(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and - later - 'DSINH(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `SINH(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and + later + `DSINH(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and + later _See also_: *note ASINH:: @@ -15541,7 +15707,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SIZE, Next: SIZEOF, Prev: SINH, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.241 'SIZE' -- Determine the size of an array +9.241 `SIZE' -- Determine the size of an array ============================================== _Description_: @@ -15555,21 +15721,21 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SIZE(ARRAY[, DIM [, KIND]])' + `RESULT = SIZE(ARRAY[, DIM [, KIND]])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of any type. If ARRAY is a - pointer it must be associated and allocatable - arrays must be allocated. - DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - and its value shall be in the range from 1 to n, - where n equals the rank of ARRAY. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + ARRAY Shall be an array of any type. If ARRAY is a + pointer it must be associated and allocatable + arrays must be allocated. + DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + and its value shall be in the range from 1 to + n, where n equals the rank of ARRAY. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. _Example_: @@ -15583,12 +15749,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SIZEOF, Next: SLEEP, Prev: SIZE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.242 'SIZEOF' -- Size in bytes of an expression +9.242 `SIZEOF' -- Size in bytes of an expression ================================================ _Description_: - 'SIZEOF(X)' calculates the number of bytes of storage the - expression 'X' occupies. + `SIZEOF(X)' calculates the number of bytes of storage the + expression `X' occupies. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -15597,23 +15763,23 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'N = SIZEOF(X)' + `N = SIZEOF(X)' _Arguments_: - X The argument shall be of any type, rank or - shape. + X The argument shall be of any type, rank or + shape. _Return value_: The return value is of type integer and of the system-dependent - kind C_SIZE_T (from the ISO_C_BINDING module). Its value is the + kind C_SIZE_T (from the ISO_C_BINDING module). Its value is the number of bytes occupied by the argument. If the argument has the - 'POINTER' attribute, the number of bytes of the storage area + `POINTER' attribute, the number of bytes of the storage area pointed to is returned. If the argument is of a derived type with - 'POINTER' or 'ALLOCATABLE' components, the return value does not + `POINTER' or `ALLOCATABLE' components, the return value does not account for the sizes of the data pointed to by these components. If the argument is polymorphic, the size according to the dynamic - type is returned. The argument may not be a procedure or procedure - pointer. Note that the code assumes for arrays that those are + type is returned. The argument may not be a procedure or procedure + pointer. Note that the code assumes for arrays that those are contiguous; for contiguous arrays, it returns the storage or an array element multiplied by the size of the array. @@ -15622,8 +15788,8 @@ _Example_: real :: r, s(5) print *, (sizeof(s)/sizeof(r) == 5) end - The example will print '.TRUE.' unless you are using a platform - where default 'REAL' variables are unusually padded. + The example will print `.TRUE.' unless you are using a platform + where default `REAL' variables are unusually padded. _See also_: *note C_SIZEOF::, *note STORAGE_SIZE:: @@ -15631,7 +15797,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SLEEP, Next: SPACING, Prev: SIZEOF, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.243 'SLEEP' -- Sleep for the specified number of seconds +9.243 `SLEEP' -- Sleep for the specified number of seconds ========================================================== _Description_: @@ -15645,10 +15811,10 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL SLEEP(SECONDS)' + `CALL SLEEP(SECONDS)' _Arguments_: - SECONDS The type shall be of default 'INTEGER'. + SECONDS The type shall be of default `INTEGER'. _Example_: program test_sleep @@ -15658,7 +15824,7 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SPACING, Next: SPREAD, Prev: SLEEP, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.244 'SPACING' -- Smallest distance between two numbers of a given type +9.244 `SPACING' -- Smallest distance between two numbers of a given type ======================================================================== _Description_: @@ -15672,10 +15838,10 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SPACING(X)' + `RESULT = SPACING(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL'. + X Shall be of type `REAL'. _Return value_: The result is of the same type as the input argument X. @@ -15695,12 +15861,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SPREAD, Next: SQRT, Prev: SPACING, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.245 'SPREAD' -- Add a dimension to an array +9.245 `SPREAD' -- Add a dimension to an array ============================================= _Description_: - Replicates a SOURCE array NCOPIES times along a specified dimension - DIM. + Replicates a SOURCE array NCOPIES times along a specified + dimension DIM. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -15709,15 +15875,15 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SPREAD(SOURCE, DIM, NCOPIES)' + `RESULT = SPREAD(SOURCE, DIM, NCOPIES)' _Arguments_: - SOURCE Shall be a scalar or an array of any type and a - rank less than seven. - DIM Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' with a value - in the range from 1 to n+1, where n equals the - rank of SOURCE. - NCOPIES Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER'. + SOURCE Shall be a scalar or an array of any type and + a rank less than seven. + DIM Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' with a + value in the range from 1 to n+1, where n + equals the rank of SOURCE. + NCOPIES Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: The result is an array of the same type as SOURCE and has rank n+1 @@ -15736,11 +15902,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SQRT, Next: SRAND, Prev: SPREAD, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.246 'SQRT' -- Square-root function +9.246 `SQRT' -- Square-root function ==================================== _Description_: - 'SQRT(X)' computes the square root of X. + `SQRT(X)' computes the square root of X. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later @@ -15749,13 +15915,13 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SQRT(X)' + `RESULT = SQRT(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. The kind type + The return value is of type `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. The kind type parameter is the same as X. _Example_: @@ -15767,27 +15933,27 @@ _Example_: end program test_sqrt _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'SQRT(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and - later - 'DSQRT(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and - later - 'CSQRT(X)' 'COMPLEX(4) 'COMPLEX(4)' Fortran 95 and - X' later - 'ZSQRT(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension - X' - 'CDSQRT(X)' 'COMPLEX(8) 'COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension - X' + Name Argument Return type Standard + `SQRT(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and + later + `DSQRT(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and + later + `CSQRT(X)' `COMPLEX(4) `COMPLEX(4)' Fortran 95 and + X' later + `ZSQRT(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension + X' + `CDSQRT(X)' `COMPLEX(8) `COMPLEX(8)' GNU extension + X' File: gfortran.info, Node: SRAND, Next: STAT, Prev: SQRT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.247 'SRAND' -- Reinitialize the random number generator +9.247 `SRAND' -- Reinitialize the random number generator ========================================================= _Description_: - 'SRAND' reinitializes the pseudo-random number generator called by - 'RAND' and 'IRAND'. The new seed used by the generator is + `SRAND' reinitializes the pseudo-random number generator called by + `RAND' and `IRAND'. The new seed used by the generator is specified by the required argument SEED. _Standard_: @@ -15797,54 +15963,56 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL SRAND(SEED)' + `CALL SRAND(SEED)' _Arguments_: - SEED Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER(kind=4)'. + SEED Shall be a scalar `INTEGER(kind=4)'. _Return value_: Does not return anything. _Example_: - See 'RAND' and 'IRAND' for examples. + See `RAND' and `IRAND' for examples. _Notes_: - The Fortran 2003 standard specifies the intrinsic 'RANDOM_SEED' to - initialize the pseudo-random numbers generator and 'RANDOM_NUMBER' - to generate pseudo-random numbers. Please note that in GNU - Fortran, these two sets of intrinsics ('RAND', 'IRAND' and 'SRAND' - on the one hand, 'RANDOM_NUMBER' and 'RANDOM_SEED' on the other + The Fortran 2003 standard specifies the intrinsic `RANDOM_SEED' to + initialize the pseudo-random numbers generator and `RANDOM_NUMBER' + to generate pseudo-random numbers. Please note that in GNU + Fortran, these two sets of intrinsics (`RAND', `IRAND' and `SRAND' + on the one hand, `RANDOM_NUMBER' and `RANDOM_SEED' on the other hand) access two independent pseudo-random number generators. _See also_: *note RAND::, *note RANDOM_SEED::, *note RANDOM_NUMBER:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: STAT, Next: STORAGE_SIZE, Prev: SRAND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.248 'STAT' -- Get file status +9.248 `STAT' -- Get file status =============================== _Description_: - This function returns information about a file. No permissions are + This function returns information about a file. No permissions are required on the file itself, but execute (search) permission is required on all of the directories in path that lead to the file. - The elements that are obtained and stored in the array 'VALUES': - 'VALUES(1)' Device ID - 'VALUES(2)' Inode number - 'VALUES(3)' File mode - 'VALUES(4)' Number of links - 'VALUES(5)' Owner's uid - 'VALUES(6)' Owner's gid - 'VALUES(7)' ID of device containing directory entry for file - (0 if not available) - 'VALUES(8)' File size (bytes) - 'VALUES(9)' Last access time - 'VALUES(10)'Last modification time - 'VALUES(11)'Last file status change time - 'VALUES(12)'Preferred I/O block size (-1 if not available) - 'VALUES(13)'Number of blocks allocated (-1 if not available) + The elements that are obtained and stored in the array `VALUES': + `VALUES(1)'Device ID + `VALUES(2)'Inode number + `VALUES(3)'File mode + `VALUES(4)'Number of links + `VALUES(5)'Owner's uid + `VALUES(6)'Owner's gid + `VALUES(7)'ID of device containing directory entry for + file (0 if not available) + `VALUES(8)'File size (bytes) + `VALUES(9)'Last access time + `VALUES(10)'Last modification time + `VALUES(11)'Last file status change time + `VALUES(12)'Preferred I/O block size (-1 if not available) + `VALUES(13)'Number of blocks allocated (-1 if not + available) Not all these elements are relevant on all systems. If an element is not relevant, it is returned as 0. @@ -15859,16 +16027,16 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL STAT(NAME, VALUES [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = STAT(NAME, VALUES)' + `CALL STAT(NAME, VALUES [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = STAT(NAME, VALUES)' _Arguments_: - NAME The type shall be 'CHARACTER', of the default - kind and a valid path within the file system. - VALUES The type shall be 'INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)'. - STATUS (Optional) status flag of type 'INTEGER(4)'. - Returns 0 on success and a system specific error - code otherwise. + NAME The type shall be `CHARACTER', of the default + kind and a valid path within the file system. + VALUES The type shall be `INTEGER(4), DIMENSION(13)'. + STATUS (Optional) status flag of type `INTEGER(4)'. + Returns 0 on success and a system specific + error code otherwise. _Example_: PROGRAM test_stat @@ -15900,28 +16068,31 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: STORAGE_SIZE, Next: SUM, Prev: STAT, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.249 'STORAGE_SIZE' -- Storage size in bits +9.249 `STORAGE_SIZE' -- Storage size in bits ============================================ _Description_: Returns the storage size of argument A in bits. + _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later + _Class_: Inquiry function + _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = STORAGE_SIZE(A [, KIND])' + `RESULT = STORAGE_SIZE(A [, KIND])' _Arguments_: - A Shall be a scalar or array of any type. - KIND (Optional) shall be a scalar integer constant - expression. + A Shall be a scalar or array of any type. + KIND (Optional) shall be a scalar integer constant + expression. _Return Value_: The result is a scalar integer with the kind type parameter specified by KIND (or default integer type if KIND is missing). - The result value is the size expressed in bits for an element of an - array that has the dynamic type and type parameters of A. + The result value is the size expressed in bits for an element of + an array that has the dynamic type and type parameters of A. _See also_: *note C_SIZEOF::, *note SIZEOF:: @@ -15929,12 +16100,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SUM, Next: SYMLNK, Prev: STORAGE_SIZE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.250 'SUM' -- Sum of array elements +9.250 `SUM' -- Sum of array elements ==================================== _Description_: - Adds the elements of ARRAY along dimension DIM if the corresponding - element in MASK is 'TRUE'. + Adds the elements of ARRAY along dimension DIM if the + corresponding element in MASK is `TRUE'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -15943,26 +16114,26 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = SUM(ARRAY[, MASK])' - 'RESULT = SUM(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' + `RESULT = SUM(ARRAY[, MASK])' + `RESULT = SUM(ARRAY, DIM[, MASK])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array of type 'INTEGER', 'REAL' or - 'COMPLEX'. - DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n - equals the rank of ARRAY. - MASK (Optional) shall be of type 'LOGICAL' and either - be a scalar or an array of the same shape as - ARRAY. + ARRAY Shall be an array of type `INTEGER', `REAL' or + `COMPLEX'. + DIM (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + with a value in the range from 1 to n, where n + equals the rank of ARRAY. + MASK (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL' and + either be a scalar or an array of the same + shape as ARRAY. _Return value_: The result is of the same type as ARRAY. - If DIM is absent, a scalar with the sum of all elements in ARRAY is - returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals the rank - of ARRAY, and a shape similar to that of ARRAY with dimension DIM - dropped is returned. + If DIM is absent, a scalar with the sum of all elements in ARRAY + is returned. Otherwise, an array of rank n-1, where n equals the + rank of ARRAY, and a shape similar to that of ARRAY with dimension + DIM dropped is returned. _Example_: PROGRAM test_sum @@ -15977,16 +16148,16 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SYMLNK, Next: SYSTEM, Prev: SUM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.251 'SYMLNK' -- Create a symbolic link +9.251 `SYMLNK' -- Create a symbolic link ======================================== _Description_: - Makes a symbolic link from file PATH1 to PATH2. A null character - ('CHAR(0)') can be used to mark the end of the names in PATH1 and + Makes a symbolic link from file PATH1 to PATH2. A null character + (`CHAR(0)') can be used to mark the end of the names in PATH1 and PATH2; otherwise, trailing blanks in the file names are ignored. If the STATUS argument is supplied, it contains 0 on success or a - nonzero error code upon return; see 'symlink(2)'. If the system - does not supply 'symlink(2)', 'ENOSYS' is returned. + nonzero error code upon return; see `symlink(2)'. If the system + does not supply `symlink(2)', `ENOSYS' is returned. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -15998,35 +16169,36 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL SYMLNK(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = SYMLNK(PATH1, PATH2)' + `CALL SYMLNK(PATH1, PATH2 [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = SYMLNK(PATH1, PATH2)' _Arguments_: - PATH1 Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - PATH2 Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default 'INTEGER' type. + PATH1 Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + PATH2 Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type. _See also_: *note LINK::, *note UNLINK:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: SYSTEM, Next: SYSTEM_CLOCK, Prev: SYMLNK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.252 'SYSTEM' -- Execute a shell command +9.252 `SYSTEM' -- Execute a shell command ========================================= _Description_: - Passes the command COMMAND to a shell (see 'system(3)'). If + Passes the command COMMAND to a shell (see `system(3)'). If argument STATUS is present, it contains the value returned by - 'system(3)', which is presumably 0 if the shell command succeeded. + `system(3)', which is presumably 0 if the shell command succeeded. Note that which shell is used to invoke the command is system-dependent and environment-dependent. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. - Note that the 'system' function need not be thread-safe. It is the - responsibility of the user to ensure that 'system' is not called + Note that the `system' function need not be thread-safe. It is the + responsibility of the user to ensure that `system' is not called concurrently. _Standard_: @@ -16036,12 +16208,12 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL SYSTEM(COMMAND [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = SYSTEM(COMMAND)' + `CALL SYSTEM(COMMAND [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = SYSTEM(COMMAND)' _Arguments_: - COMMAND Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default 'INTEGER' type. + COMMAND Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type. _See also_: *note EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE::, which is part of the Fortran 2008 @@ -16050,41 +16222,42 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: SYSTEM_CLOCK, Next: TAN, Prev: SYSTEM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.253 'SYSTEM_CLOCK' -- Time function +9.253 `SYSTEM_CLOCK' -- Time function ===================================== _Description_: - Determines the COUNT of a processor clock since an unspecified time - in the past modulo COUNT_MAX, COUNT_RATE determines the number of - clock ticks per second. If the platform supports a monotonic - clock, that clock is used and can, depending on the platform clock - implementation, provide up to nanosecond resolution. If a - monotonic clock is not available, the implementation falls back to - a realtime clock. + Determines the COUNT of a processor clock since an unspecified + time in the past modulo COUNT_MAX, COUNT_RATE determines the + number of clock ticks per second. If the platform supports a + monotonic clock, that clock is used and can, depending on the + platform clock implementation, provide up to nanosecond + resolution. If a monotonic clock is not available, the + implementation falls back to a realtime clock. COUNT_RATE is system dependent and can vary depending on the kind - of the arguments. For KIND=4 arguments (and smaller integer - kinds), COUNT represents milliseconds, while for KIND=8 arguments - (and larger integer kinds), COUNT typically represents micro- or + of the arguments. For KIND=4 arguments (and smaller integer kinds), + COUNT represents milliseconds, while for KIND=8 arguments (and + larger integer kinds), COUNT typically represents micro- or nanoseconds depending on resolution of the underlying platform - clock. COUNT_MAX usually equals 'HUGE(COUNT_MAX)'. Note that the - millisecond resolution of the KIND=4 version implies that the COUNT - will wrap around in roughly 25 days. In order to avoid issues with - the wrap around and for more precise timing, please use the KIND=8 - version. + clock. COUNT_MAX usually equals `HUGE(COUNT_MAX)'. Note that the + millisecond resolution of the KIND=4 version implies that the + COUNT will wrap around in roughly 25 days. In order to avoid issues + with the wrap around and for more precise timing, please use the + KIND=8 version. If there is no clock, or querying the clock fails, COUNT is set to - '-HUGE(COUNT)', and COUNT_RATE and COUNT_MAX are set to zero. + `-HUGE(COUNT)', and COUNT_RATE and COUNT_MAX are set to zero. When running on a platform using the GNU C library (glibc) version 2.16 or older, or a derivative thereof, the high resolution - monotonic clock is available only when linking with the RT library. - This can be done explicitly by adding the '-lrt' flag when linking - the application, but is also done implicitly when using OpenMP. - - On the Windows platform, the version with KIND=4 arguments uses the - 'GetTickCount' function, whereas the KIND=8 version uses - 'QueryPerformanceCounter' and 'QueryPerformanceCounterFrequency'. + monotonic clock is available only when linking with the RT + library. This can be done explicitly by adding the `-lrt' flag + when linking the application, but is also done implicitly when + using OpenMP. + + On the Windows platform, the version with KIND=4 arguments uses + the `GetTickCount' function, whereas the KIND=8 version uses + `QueryPerformanceCounter' and `QueryPerformanceCounterFrequency'. For more information, and potential caveats, please see the platform documentation. @@ -16095,15 +16268,15 @@ _Class_: Subroutine _Syntax_: - 'CALL SYSTEM_CLOCK([COUNT, COUNT_RATE, COUNT_MAX])' + `CALL SYSTEM_CLOCK([COUNT, COUNT_RATE, COUNT_MAX])' _Arguments_: - COUNT (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - with 'INTENT(OUT)'. - COUNT_RATE (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - or 'REAL', with 'INTENT(OUT)'. - COUNT_MAX (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER' - with 'INTENT(OUT)'. + COUNT (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + with `INTENT(OUT)'. + COUNT_RATE (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + or `REAL', with `INTENT(OUT)'. + COUNT_MAX (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER' + with `INTENT(OUT)'. _Example_: PROGRAM test_system_clock @@ -16118,11 +16291,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: TAN, Next: TANH, Prev: SYSTEM_CLOCK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.254 'TAN' -- Tangent function +9.254 `TAN' -- Tangent function =============================== _Description_: - 'TAN(X)' computes the tangent of X. + `TAN(X)' computes the tangent of X. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, for a complex argument Fortran 2008 or later @@ -16131,10 +16304,10 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = TAN(X)' + `RESULT = TAN(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: The return value has same type and kind as X. @@ -16146,11 +16319,11 @@ _Example_: end program test_tan _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'TAN(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and - later - 'DTAN(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `TAN(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and + later + `DTAN(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and + later _See also_: *note ATAN:: @@ -16158,11 +16331,11 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: TANH, Next: THIS_IMAGE, Prev: TAN, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.255 'TANH' -- Hyperbolic tangent function +9.255 `TANH' -- Hyperbolic tangent function =========================================== _Description_: - 'TANH(X)' computes the hyperbolic tangent of X. + `TANH(X)' computes the hyperbolic tangent of X. _Standard_: Fortran 77 and later, for a complex argument Fortran 2008 or later @@ -16171,15 +16344,15 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'X = TANH(X)' + `X = TANH(X)' _Arguments_: - X The type shall be 'REAL' or 'COMPLEX'. + X The type shall be `REAL' or `COMPLEX'. _Return value_: - The return value has same type and kind as X. If X is complex, the - imaginary part of the result is in radians. If X is 'REAL', the - return value lies in the range - 1 \leq tanh(x) \leq 1 . + The return value has same type and kind as X. If X is complex, the + imaginary part of the result is in radians. If X is `REAL', the + return value lies in the range - 1 \leq tanh(x) \leq 1 . _Example_: program test_tanh @@ -16188,11 +16361,11 @@ _Example_: end program test_tanh _Specific names_: - Name Argument Return type Standard - 'TANH(X)' 'REAL(4) X' 'REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and - later - 'DTANH(X)' 'REAL(8) X' 'REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and - later + Name Argument Return type Standard + `TANH(X)' `REAL(4) X' `REAL(4)' Fortran 95 and + later + `DTANH(X)' `REAL(8) X' `REAL(8)' Fortran 95 and + later _See also_: *note ATANH:: @@ -16200,46 +16373,46 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: THIS_IMAGE, Next: TIME, Prev: TANH, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.256 'THIS_IMAGE' -- Function that returns the cosubscript index of this image +9.256 `THIS_IMAGE' -- Function that returns the cosubscript index of this image =============================================================================== _Description_: Returns the cosubscript for this image. _Standard_: - Fortran 2008 and later. With DISTANCE argument, Technical + Fortran 2008 and later. With DISTANCE argument, Technical Specification (TS) 18508 or later _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = THIS_IMAGE()' - 'RESULT = THIS_IMAGE(DISTANCE)' - 'RESULT = THIS_IMAGE(COARRAY [, DIM])' + `RESULT = THIS_IMAGE()' + `RESULT = THIS_IMAGE(DISTANCE)' + `RESULT = THIS_IMAGE(COARRAY [, DIM])' _Arguments_: - DISTANCE (optional, intent(in)) Nonnegative scalar - integer (not permitted together with COARRAY). - COARRAY Coarray of any type (optional; if DIM present, - required). - DIM default integer scalar (optional). If present, - DIM shall be between one and the corank of - COARRAY. + DISTANCE (optional, intent(in)) Nonnegative scalar + integer (not permitted together with COARRAY). + COARRAY Coarray of any type (optional; if DIM + present, required). + DIM default integer scalar (optional). If present, + DIM shall be between one and the corank of + COARRAY. _Return value_: - Default integer. If COARRAY is not present, it is scalar; if + Default integer. If COARRAY is not present, it is scalar; if DISTANCE is not present or has value 0, its value is the image index on the invoking image for the current team, for values - smaller or equal distance to the initial team, it returns the image - index on the ancestor team which has a distance of DISTANCE from - the invoking team. If DISTANCE is larger than the distance to the - initial team, the image index of the initial team is returned. + smaller or equal distance to the initial team, it returns the + image index on the ancestor team which has a distance of DISTANCE + from the invoking team. If DISTANCE is larger than the distance to + the initial team, the image index of the initial team is returned. Otherwise when the COARRAY is present, if DIM is not present, a rank-1 array with corank elements is returned, containing the - cosubscripts for COARRAY specifying the invoking image. If DIM is - present, a scalar is returned, with the value of the DIM element of - 'THIS_IMAGE(COARRAY)'. + cosubscripts for COARRAY specifying the invoking image. If DIM is + present, a scalar is returned, with the value of the DIM element + of `THIS_IMAGE(COARRAY)'. _Example_: INTEGER :: value[*] @@ -16262,16 +16435,16 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: TIME, Next: TIME8, Prev: THIS_IMAGE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.257 'TIME' -- Time function +9.257 `TIME' -- Time function ============================= _Description_: Returns the current time encoded as an integer (in the manner of - the function 'time(3)' in the C standard library). This value is - suitable for passing to 'CTIME', 'GMTIME', and 'LTIME'. + the function `time(3)' in the C standard library). This value is + suitable for passing to `CTIME', `GMTIME', and `LTIME'. This intrinsic is not fully portable, such as to systems with - 32-bit 'INTEGER' types but supporting times wider than 32 bits. + 32-bit `INTEGER' types but supporting times wider than 32 bits. Therefore, the values returned by this intrinsic might be, or become, negative, or numerically less than previous values, during a single run of the compiled program. @@ -16287,31 +16460,32 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = TIME()' + `RESULT = TIME()' _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type 'INTEGER(4)'. + The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER(4)'. _See also_: - *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK::, *note - TIME8:: + *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK::, + *note TIME8:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: TIME8, Next: TINY, Prev: TIME, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.258 'TIME8' -- Time function (64-bit) +9.258 `TIME8' -- Time function (64-bit) ======================================= _Description_: Returns the current time encoded as an integer (in the manner of - the function 'time(3)' in the C standard library). This value is - suitable for passing to 'CTIME', 'GMTIME', and 'LTIME'. + the function `time(3)' in the C standard library). This value is + suitable for passing to `CTIME', `GMTIME', and `LTIME'. _Warning:_ this intrinsic does not increase the range of the timing - values over that returned by 'time(3)'. On a system with a 32-bit - 'time(3)', 'TIME8' will return a 32-bit value, even though it is - converted to a 64-bit 'INTEGER(8)' value. That means overflows of - the 32-bit value can still occur. Therefore, the values returned + values over that returned by `time(3)'. On a system with a 32-bit + `time(3)', `TIME8' will return a 32-bit value, even though it is + converted to a 64-bit `INTEGER(8)' value. That means overflows of + the 32-bit value can still occur. Therefore, the values returned by this intrinsic might be or become negative or numerically less than previous values during a single run of the compiled program. @@ -16322,24 +16496,25 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = TIME8()' + `RESULT = TIME8()' _Return value_: - The return value is a scalar of type 'INTEGER(8)'. + The return value is a scalar of type `INTEGER(8)'. _See also_: *note CTIME::, *note GMTIME::, *note LTIME::, *note MCLOCK8::, *note TIME:: + File: gfortran.info, Node: TINY, Next: TRAILZ, Prev: TIME8, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.259 'TINY' -- Smallest positive number of a real kind +9.259 `TINY' -- Smallest positive number of a real kind ======================================================= _Description_: - 'TINY(X)' returns the smallest positive (non zero) number in the - model of the type of 'X'. + `TINY(X)' returns the smallest positive (non zero) number in the + model of the type of `X'. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -16348,25 +16523,25 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = TINY(X)' + `RESULT = TINY(X)' _Arguments_: - X Shall be of type 'REAL'. + X Shall be of type `REAL'. _Return value_: The return value is of the same type and kind as X _Example_: - See 'HUGE' for an example. + See `HUGE' for an example. File: gfortran.info, Node: TRAILZ, Next: TRANSFER, Prev: TINY, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.260 'TRAILZ' -- Number of trailing zero bits of an integer +9.260 `TRAILZ' -- Number of trailing zero bits of an integer ============================================================ _Description_: - 'TRAILZ' returns the number of trailing zero bits of an integer. + `TRAILZ' returns the number of trailing zero bits of an integer. _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -16375,14 +16550,14 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = TRAILZ(I)' + `RESULT = TRAILZ(I)' _Arguments_: - I Shall be of type 'INTEGER'. + I Shall be of type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: - The type of the return value is the default 'INTEGER'. If all the - bits of 'I' are zero, the result value is 'BIT_SIZE(I)'. + The type of the return value is the default `INTEGER'. If all the + bits of `I' are zero, the result value is `BIT_SIZE(I)'. _Example_: PROGRAM test_trailz @@ -16395,7 +16570,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: TRANSFER, Next: TRANSPOSE, Prev: TRAILZ, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.261 'TRANSFER' -- Transfer bit patterns +9.261 `TRANSFER' -- Transfer bit patterns ========================================= _Description_: @@ -16413,12 +16588,12 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = TRANSFER(SOURCE, MOLD[, SIZE])' + `RESULT = TRANSFER(SOURCE, MOLD[, SIZE])' _Arguments_: - SOURCE Shall be a scalar or an array of any type. - MOLD Shall be a scalar or an array of any type. - SIZE (Optional) shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER'. + SOURCE Shall be a scalar or an array of any type. + MOLD Shall be a scalar or an array of any type. + SIZE (Optional) shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'. _Return value_: The result has the same type as MOLD, with the bit level @@ -16426,7 +16601,7 @@ _Return value_: one-dimensional array of length SIZE. If SIZE is absent but MOLD is an array (of any size or shape), the result is a one- dimensional array of the minimum length needed to contain the - entirety of the bitwise representation of SOURCE. If SIZE is + entirety of the bitwise representation of SOURCE. If SIZE is absent and MOLD is a scalar, the result is a scalar. If the bitwise representation of the result is longer than that of @@ -16436,9 +16611,9 @@ _Return value_: When the resulting bit representation does not correspond to a valid representation of a variable of the same type as MOLD, the results are undefined, and subsequent operations on the result - cannot be guaranteed to produce sensible behavior. For example, it - is possible to create 'LOGICAL' variables for which 'VAR' and - '.NOT.VAR' both appear to be true. + cannot be guaranteed to produce sensible behavior. For example, + it is possible to create `LOGICAL' variables for which `VAR' and + `.NOT.VAR' both appear to be true. _Example_: PROGRAM test_transfer @@ -16449,12 +16624,12 @@ _Example_: File: gfortran.info, Node: TRANSPOSE, Next: TRIM, Prev: TRANSFER, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.262 'TRANSPOSE' -- Transpose an array of rank two +9.262 `TRANSPOSE' -- Transpose an array of rank two =================================================== _Description_: - Transpose an array of rank two. Element (i, j) of the result has - the value 'MATRIX(j, i)', for all i, j. + Transpose an array of rank two. Element (i, j) of the result has + the value `MATRIX(j, i)', for all i, j. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later @@ -16463,20 +16638,20 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = TRANSPOSE(MATRIX)' + `RESULT = TRANSPOSE(MATRIX)' _Arguments_: - MATRIX Shall be an array of any type and have a rank of - two. + MATRIX Shall be an array of any type and have a rank + of two. _Return value_: - The result has the same type as MATRIX, and has shape '(/ m, n /)' - if MATRIX has shape '(/ n, m /)'. + The result has the same type as MATRIX, and has shape `(/ m, n /)' + if MATRIX has shape `(/ n, m /)'. File: gfortran.info, Node: TRIM, Next: TTYNAM, Prev: TRANSPOSE, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.263 'TRIM' -- Remove trailing blank characters of a string +9.263 `TRIM' -- Remove trailing blank characters of a string ============================================================ _Description_: @@ -16489,13 +16664,13 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = TRIM(STRING)' + `RESULT = TRIM(STRING)' _Arguments_: - STRING Shall be a scalar of type 'CHARACTER'. + STRING Shall be a scalar of type `CHARACTER'. _Return value_: - A scalar of type 'CHARACTER' which length is that of STRING less + A scalar of type `CHARACTER' which length is that of STRING less the number of trailing blanks. _Example_: @@ -16510,12 +16685,12 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: TTYNAM, Next: UBOUND, Prev: TRIM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.264 'TTYNAM' -- Get the name of a terminal device. +9.264 `TTYNAM' -- Get the name of a terminal device. ==================================================== _Description_: - Get the name of a terminal device. For more information, see - 'ttyname(3)'. + Get the name of a terminal device. For more information, see + `ttyname(3)'. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -16527,12 +16702,12 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL TTYNAM(UNIT, NAME)' - 'NAME = TTYNAM(UNIT)' + `CALL TTYNAM(UNIT, NAME)' + `NAME = TTYNAM(UNIT)' _Arguments_: - UNIT Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER'. - NAME Shall be of type 'CHARACTER'. + UNIT Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'. + NAME Shall be of type `CHARACTER'. _Example_: PROGRAM test_ttynam @@ -16548,12 +16723,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: UBOUND, Next: UCOBOUND, Prev: TTYNAM, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.265 'UBOUND' -- Upper dimension bounds of an array +9.265 `UBOUND' -- Upper dimension bounds of an array ==================================================== _Description_: - Returns the upper bounds of an array, or a single upper bound along - the DIM dimension. + Returns the upper bounds of an array, or a single upper bound + along the DIM dimension. + _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later @@ -16561,24 +16737,25 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = UBOUND(ARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])' + `RESULT = UBOUND(ARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an array, of any type. - DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + ARRAY Shall be an array, of any type. + DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. If DIM is absent, the result is an array of the upper bounds of ARRAY. If DIM is present, the result is a scalar corresponding to the upper - bound of the array along that dimension. If ARRAY is an expression - rather than a whole array or array structure component, or if it - has a zero extent along the relevant dimension, the upper bound is - taken to be the number of elements along the relevant dimension. + bound of the array along that dimension. If ARRAY is an + expression rather than a whole array or array structure component, + or if it has a zero extent along the relevant dimension, the upper + bound is taken to be the number of elements along the relevant + dimension. _See also_: *note LBOUND::, *note LCOBOUND:: @@ -16586,12 +16763,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: UCOBOUND, Next: UMASK, Prev: UBOUND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.266 'UCOBOUND' -- Upper codimension bounds of an array +9.266 `UCOBOUND' -- Upper codimension bounds of an array ======================================================== _Description_: Returns the upper cobounds of a coarray, or a single upper cobound along the DIM codimension. + _Standard_: Fortran 2008 and later @@ -16599,17 +16777,17 @@ _Class_: Inquiry function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = UCOBOUND(COARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])' + `RESULT = UCOBOUND(COARRAY [, DIM [, KIND]])' _Arguments_: - ARRAY Shall be an coarray, of any type. - DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar 'INTEGER'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + ARRAY Shall be an coarray, of any type. + DIM (Optional) Shall be a scalar `INTEGER'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. If DIM is absent, the result is an array of the lower cobounds of COARRAY. If DIM is present, the result is a scalar corresponding to the @@ -16621,13 +16799,13 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: UMASK, Next: UNLINK, Prev: UCOBOUND, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.267 'UMASK' -- Set the file creation mask +9.267 `UMASK' -- Set the file creation mask =========================================== _Description_: - Sets the file creation mask to MASK. If called as a function, it - returns the old value. If called as a subroutine and argument OLD - if it is supplied, it is set to the old value. See 'umask(2)'. + Sets the file creation mask to MASK. If called as a function, it + returns the old value. If called as a subroutine and argument OLD + if it is supplied, it is set to the old value. See `umask(2)'. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -16636,25 +16814,26 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL UMASK(MASK [, OLD])' - 'OLD = UMASK(MASK)' + `CALL UMASK(MASK [, OLD])' + `OLD = UMASK(MASK)' _Arguments_: - MASK Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER'. - OLD (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type 'INTEGER'. + MASK Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'. + OLD (Optional) Shall be a scalar of type `INTEGER'. + File: gfortran.info, Node: UNLINK, Next: UNPACK, Prev: UMASK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.268 'UNLINK' -- Remove a file from the file system +9.268 `UNLINK' -- Remove a file from the file system ==================================================== _Description_: - Unlinks the file PATH. A null character ('CHAR(0)') can be used to - mark the end of the name in PATH; otherwise, trailing blanks in the - file name are ignored. If the STATUS argument is supplied, it + Unlinks the file PATH. A null character (`CHAR(0)') can be used to + mark the end of the name in PATH; otherwise, trailing blanks in + the file name are ignored. If the STATUS argument is supplied, it contains 0 on success or a nonzero error code upon return; see - 'unlink(2)'. + `unlink(2)'. This intrinsic is provided in both subroutine and function forms; however, only one form can be used in any given program unit. @@ -16666,12 +16845,12 @@ _Class_: Subroutine, function _Syntax_: - 'CALL UNLINK(PATH [, STATUS])' - 'STATUS = UNLINK(PATH)' + `CALL UNLINK(PATH [, STATUS])' + `STATUS = UNLINK(PATH)' _Arguments_: - PATH Shall be of default 'CHARACTER' type. - STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default 'INTEGER' type. + PATH Shall be of default `CHARACTER' type. + STATUS (Optional) Shall be of default `INTEGER' type. _See also_: *note LINK::, *note SYMLNK:: @@ -16679,7 +16858,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: UNPACK, Next: VERIFY, Prev: UNLINK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.269 'UNPACK' -- Unpack an array of rank one into an array +9.269 `UNPACK' -- Unpack an array of rank one into an array =========================================================== _Description_: @@ -16692,18 +16871,18 @@ _Class_: Transformational function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = UNPACK(VECTOR, MASK, FIELD)' + `RESULT = UNPACK(VECTOR, MASK, FIELD)' _Arguments_: - VECTOR Shall be an array of any type and rank one. It - shall have at least as many elements as MASK has - 'TRUE' values. - MASK Shall be an array of type 'LOGICAL'. - FIELD Shall be of the same type as VECTOR and have the - same shape as MASK. + VECTOR Shall be an array of any type and rank one. It + shall have at least as many elements as MASK + has `TRUE' values. + MASK Shall be an array of type `LOGICAL'. + FIELD Shall be of the same type as VECTOR and have + the same shape as MASK. _Return value_: - The resulting array corresponds to FIELD with 'TRUE' elements of + The resulting array corresponds to FIELD with `TRUE' elements of MASK replaced by values from VECTOR in array element order. _Example_: @@ -16722,17 +16901,17 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: VERIFY, Next: XOR, Prev: UNPACK, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.270 'VERIFY' -- Scan a string for characters not a given set +9.270 `VERIFY' -- Scan a string for characters not a given set ============================================================== _Description_: Verifies that all the characters in STRING belong to the set of characters in SET. - If BACK is either absent or equals 'FALSE', this function returns + If BACK is either absent or equals `FALSE', this function returns the position of the leftmost character of STRING that is not in - SET. If BACK equals 'TRUE', the rightmost position is returned. - If all characters of STRING are found in SET, the result is zero. + SET. If BACK equals `TRUE', the rightmost position is returned. If + all characters of STRING are found in SET, the result is zero. _Standard_: Fortran 95 and later, with KIND argument Fortran 2003 and later @@ -16741,18 +16920,18 @@ _Class_: Elemental function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = VERIFY(STRING, SET[, BACK [, KIND]])' + `RESULT = VERIFY(STRING, SET[, BACK [, KIND]])' _Arguments_: - STRING Shall be of type 'CHARACTER'. - SET Shall be of type 'CHARACTER'. - BACK (Optional) shall be of type 'LOGICAL'. - KIND (Optional) An 'INTEGER' initialization - expression indicating the kind parameter of the - result. + STRING Shall be of type `CHARACTER'. + SET Shall be of type `CHARACTER'. + BACK (Optional) shall be of type `LOGICAL'. + KIND (Optional) An `INTEGER' initialization + expression indicating the kind parameter of + the result. _Return value_: - The return value is of type 'INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is + The return value is of type `INTEGER' and of kind KIND. If KIND is absent, the return value is of default integer kind. _Example_: @@ -16770,7 +16949,7 @@ _See also_: File: gfortran.info, Node: XOR, Prev: VERIFY, Up: Intrinsic Procedures -9.271 'XOR' -- Bitwise logical exclusive OR +9.271 `XOR' -- Bitwise logical exclusive OR =========================================== _Description_: @@ -16779,7 +16958,7 @@ _Description_: This intrinsic routine is provided for backwards compatibility with GNU Fortran 77. For integer arguments, programmers should consider the use of the *note IEOR:: intrinsic and for logical arguments the - '.NEQV.' operator, which are both defined by the Fortran standard. + `.NEQV.' operator, which are both defined by the Fortran standard. _Standard_: GNU extension @@ -16788,18 +16967,18 @@ _Class_: Function _Syntax_: - 'RESULT = XOR(I, J)' + `RESULT = XOR(I, J)' _Arguments_: - I The type shall be either a scalar 'INTEGER' type - or a scalar 'LOGICAL' type. - J The type shall be the same as the type of I. + I The type shall be either a scalar `INTEGER' + type or a scalar `LOGICAL' type. + J The type shall be the same as the type of I. _Return value_: - The return type is either a scalar 'INTEGER' or a scalar 'LOGICAL'. - If the kind type parameters differ, then the smaller kind type is - implicitly converted to larger kind, and the return has the larger - kind. + The return type is either a scalar `INTEGER' or a scalar + `LOGICAL'. If the kind type parameters differ, then the smaller + kind type is implicitly converted to larger kind, and the return + has the larger kind. _Example_: PROGRAM test_xor @@ -16831,121 +17010,121 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Intrinsic Modules, Next: Contributing, Prev: Intri File: gfortran.info, Node: ISO_FORTRAN_ENV, Next: ISO_C_BINDING, Up: Intrinsic Modules -10.1 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' +10.1 `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' ====================== _Standard_: Fortran 2003 and later, except when otherwise noted - The 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' module provides the following scalar + The `ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' module provides the following scalar default-integer named constants: -'ATOMIC_INT_KIND': +`ATOMIC_INT_KIND': Default-kind integer constant to be used as kind parameter when - defining integer variables used in atomic operations. (Fortran + defining integer variables used in atomic operations. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND': +`ATOMIC_LOGICAL_KIND': Default-kind integer constant to be used as kind parameter when - defining logical variables used in atomic operations. (Fortran + defining logical variables used in atomic operations. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'CHARACTER_KINDS': +`CHARACTER_KINDS': Default-kind integer constant array of rank one containing the - supported kind parameters of the 'CHARACTER' type. (Fortran 2008 + supported kind parameters of the `CHARACTER' type. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'CHARACTER_STORAGE_SIZE': +`CHARACTER_STORAGE_SIZE': Size in bits of the character storage unit. -'ERROR_UNIT': +`ERROR_UNIT': Identifies the preconnected unit used for error reporting. -'FILE_STORAGE_SIZE': +`FILE_STORAGE_SIZE': Size in bits of the file-storage unit. -'INPUT_UNIT': - Identifies the preconnected unit identified by the asterisk ('*') - in 'READ' statement. +`INPUT_UNIT': + Identifies the preconnected unit identified by the asterisk (`*') + in `READ' statement. -'INT8', 'INT16', 'INT32', 'INT64': - Kind type parameters to specify an INTEGER type with a storage size - of 16, 32, and 64 bits. It is negative if a target platform does - not support the particular kind. (Fortran 2008 or later.) +`INT8', `INT16', `INT32', `INT64': + Kind type parameters to specify an INTEGER type with a storage + size of 16, 32, and 64 bits. It is negative if a target platform + does not support the particular kind. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'INTEGER_KINDS': +`INTEGER_KINDS': Default-kind integer constant array of rank one containing the - supported kind parameters of the 'INTEGER' type. (Fortran 2008 or + supported kind parameters of the `INTEGER' type. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'IOSTAT_END': - The value assigned to the variable passed to the 'IOSTAT=' +`IOSTAT_END': + The value assigned to the variable passed to the `IOSTAT=' specifier of an input/output statement if an end-of-file condition occurred. -'IOSTAT_EOR': - The value assigned to the variable passed to the 'IOSTAT=' +`IOSTAT_EOR': + The value assigned to the variable passed to the `IOSTAT=' specifier of an input/output statement if an end-of-record condition occurred. -'IOSTAT_INQUIRE_INTERNAL_UNIT': - Scalar default-integer constant, used by 'INQUIRE' for the - 'IOSTAT=' specifier to denote an that a unit number identifies an - internal unit. (Fortran 2008 or later.) +`IOSTAT_INQUIRE_INTERNAL_UNIT': + Scalar default-integer constant, used by `INQUIRE' for the + `IOSTAT=' specifier to denote an that a unit number identifies an + internal unit. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'NUMERIC_STORAGE_SIZE': +`NUMERIC_STORAGE_SIZE': The size in bits of the numeric storage unit. -'LOGICAL_KINDS': +`LOGICAL_KINDS': Default-kind integer constant array of rank one containing the - supported kind parameters of the 'LOGICAL' type. (Fortran 2008 or + supported kind parameters of the `LOGICAL' type. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'OUTPUT_UNIT': - Identifies the preconnected unit identified by the asterisk ('*') - in 'WRITE' statement. +`OUTPUT_UNIT': + Identifies the preconnected unit identified by the asterisk (`*') + in `WRITE' statement. -'REAL32', 'REAL64', 'REAL128': +`REAL32', `REAL64', `REAL128': Kind type parameters to specify a REAL type with a storage size of - 32, 64, and 128 bits. It is negative if a target platform does not - support the particular kind. (Fortran 2008 or later.) + 32, 64, and 128 bits. It is negative if a target platform does not + support the particular kind. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'REAL_KINDS': +`REAL_KINDS': Default-kind integer constant array of rank one containing the - supported kind parameters of the 'REAL' type. (Fortran 2008 or + supported kind parameters of the `REAL' type. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'STAT_LOCKED': +`STAT_LOCKED': Scalar default-integer constant used as STAT= return value by - 'LOCK' to denote that the lock variable is locked by the executing - image. (Fortran 2008 or later.) + `LOCK' to denote that the lock variable is locked by the executing + image. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'STAT_LOCKED_OTHER_IMAGE': +`STAT_LOCKED_OTHER_IMAGE': Scalar default-integer constant used as STAT= return value by - 'UNLOCK' to denote that the lock variable is locked by another - image. (Fortran 2008 or later.) + `UNLOCK' to denote that the lock variable is locked by another + image. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE': +`STAT_STOPPED_IMAGE': Positive, scalar default-integer constant used as STAT= return value if the argument in the statement requires synchronisation with an image, which has initiated the termination of the - execution. (Fortran 2008 or later.) + execution. (Fortran 2008 or later.) -'STAT_FAILED_IMAGE': +`STAT_FAILED_IMAGE': Positive, scalar default-integer constant used as STAT= return value if the argument in the statement requires communication with - an image, which has is in the failed state. (TS 18508 or later.) + an image, which has is in the failed state. (TS 18508 or later.) -'STAT_UNLOCKED': +`STAT_UNLOCKED': Scalar default-integer constant used as STAT= return value by - 'UNLOCK' to denote that the lock variable is unlocked. (Fortran + `UNLOCK' to denote that the lock variable is unlocked. (Fortran 2008 or later.) The module provides the following derived type: -'LOCK_TYPE': - Derived type with private components to be use with the 'LOCK' and - 'UNLOCK' statement. A variable of its type has to be always +`LOCK_TYPE': + Derived type with private components to be use with the `LOCK' and + `UNLOCK' statement. A variable of its type has to be always declared as coarray and may not appear in a variable-definition context. (Fortran 2008 or later.) @@ -16955,7 +17134,7 @@ COMPILER_OPTIONS:: and *note COMPILER_VERSION::. File: gfortran.info, Node: ISO_C_BINDING, Next: IEEE modules, Prev: ISO_FORTRAN_ENV, Up: Intrinsic Modules -10.2 'ISO_C_BINDING' +10.2 `ISO_C_BINDING' ==================== _Standard_: @@ -16965,180 +17144,198 @@ _Standard_: definition can be found in the section Intrinsic Procedures of this manual. -'C_ASSOCIATED' -'C_F_POINTER' -'C_F_PROCPOINTER' -'C_FUNLOC' -'C_LOC' -'C_SIZEOF' +`C_ASSOCIATED' + +`C_F_POINTER' + +`C_F_PROCPOINTER' - The 'ISO_C_BINDING' module provides the following named constants of +`C_FUNLOC' + +`C_LOC' + +`C_SIZEOF' + + The `ISO_C_BINDING' module provides the following named constants of type default integer, which can be used as KIND type parameters. In addition to the integer named constants required by the Fortran -2003 standard and 'C_PTRDIFF_T' of TS 29113, GNU Fortran provides as an +2003 standard and `C_PTRDIFF_T' of TS 29113, GNU Fortran provides as an extension named constants for the 128-bit integer types supported by the -C compiler: 'C_INT128_T, C_INT_LEAST128_T, C_INT_FAST128_T'. -Furthermore, if '__float128' is supported in C, the named constants -'C_FLOAT128, C_FLOAT128_COMPLEX' are defined. +C compiler: `C_INT128_T, C_INT_LEAST128_T, C_INT_FAST128_T'. +Furthermore, if `__float128' is supported in C, the named constants +`C_FLOAT128, C_FLOAT128_COMPLEX' are defined. Fortran Named constant C type Extension -Type -'INTEGER' 'C_INT' 'int' -'INTEGER' 'C_SHORT' 'short int' -'INTEGER' 'C_LONG' 'long int' -'INTEGER' 'C_LONG_LONG' 'long long int' -'INTEGER' 'C_SIGNED_CHAR' 'signed char'/'unsigned - char' -'INTEGER' 'C_SIZE_T' 'size_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT8_T' 'int8_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT16_T' 'int16_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT32_T' 'int32_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT64_T' 'int64_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT128_T' 'int128_t' Ext. -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_LEAST8_T' 'int_least8_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_LEAST16_T' 'int_least16_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_LEAST32_T' 'int_least32_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_LEAST64_T' 'int_least64_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_LEAST128_T' 'int_least128_t' Ext. -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_FAST8_T' 'int_fast8_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_FAST16_T' 'int_fast16_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_FAST32_T' 'int_fast32_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_FAST64_T' 'int_fast64_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INT_FAST128_T' 'int_fast128_t' Ext. -'INTEGER' 'C_INTMAX_T' 'intmax_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_INTPTR_T' 'intptr_t' -'INTEGER' 'C_PTRDIFF_T' 'intptr_t' TS 29113 -'REAL' 'C_FLOAT' 'float' -'REAL' 'C_DOUBLE' 'double' -'REAL' 'C_LONG_DOUBLE' 'long double' -'REAL' 'C_FLOAT128' '__float128' Ext. -'COMPLEX' 'C_FLOAT_COMPLEX' 'float _Complex' -'COMPLEX' 'C_DOUBLE_COMPLEX' 'double _Complex' -'COMPLEX' 'C_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPLEX' 'long double _Complex' -'REAL' 'C_FLOAT128_COMPLEX' '__float128 _Complex' Ext. -'LOGICAL' 'C_BOOL' '_Bool' -'CHARACTER' 'C_CHAR' 'char' +Type +`INTEGER' `C_INT' `int' +`INTEGER' `C_SHORT' `short int' +`INTEGER' `C_LONG' `long int' +`INTEGER' `C_LONG_LONG' `long long int' +`INTEGER' `C_SIGNED_CHAR' `signed char'/`unsigned + char' +`INTEGER' `C_SIZE_T' `size_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT8_T' `int8_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT16_T' `int16_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT32_T' `int32_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT64_T' `int64_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT128_T' `int128_t' Ext. +`INTEGER' `C_INT_LEAST8_T' `int_least8_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT_LEAST16_T' `int_least16_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT_LEAST32_T' `int_least32_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT_LEAST64_T' `int_least64_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT_LEAST128_T' `int_least128_t' Ext. +`INTEGER' `C_INT_FAST8_T' `int_fast8_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT_FAST16_T' `int_fast16_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT_FAST32_T' `int_fast32_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT_FAST64_T' `int_fast64_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INT_FAST128_T' `int_fast128_t' Ext. +`INTEGER' `C_INTMAX_T' `intmax_t' +`INTEGER' `C_INTPTR_T' `intptr_t' +`INTEGER' `C_PTRDIFF_T' `intptr_t' TS 29113 +`REAL' `C_FLOAT' `float' +`REAL' `C_DOUBLE' `double' +`REAL' `C_LONG_DOUBLE' `long double' +`REAL' `C_FLOAT128' `__float128' Ext. +`COMPLEX' `C_FLOAT_COMPLEX' `float _Complex' +`COMPLEX' `C_DOUBLE_COMPLEX' `double _Complex' +`COMPLEX' `C_LONG_DOUBLE_COMPLEX' `long double _Complex' +`REAL' `C_FLOAT128_COMPLEX' `__float128 _Complex' Ext. +`LOGICAL' `C_BOOL' `_Bool' +`CHARACTER' `C_CHAR' `char' Additionally, the following parameters of type -'CHARACTER(KIND=C_CHAR)' are defined. +`CHARACTER(KIND=C_CHAR)' are defined. Name C definition Value -'C_NULL_CHAR' null character ''\0'' -'C_ALERT' alert ''\a'' -'C_BACKSPACE' backspace ''\b'' -'C_FORM_FEED' form feed ''\f'' -'C_NEW_LINE' new line ''\n'' -'C_CARRIAGE_RETURN'carriage return ''\r'' -'C_HORIZONTAL_TAB'horizontal tab ''\t'' -'C_VERTICAL_TAB'vertical tab ''\v'' +`C_NULL_CHAR' null character `'\0'' +`C_ALERT' alert `'\a'' +`C_BACKSPACE' backspace `'\b'' +`C_FORM_FEED' form feed `'\f'' +`C_NEW_LINE' new line `'\n'' +`C_CARRIAGE_RETURN'carriage return `'\r'' +`C_HORIZONTAL_TAB'horizontal tab `'\t'' +`C_VERTICAL_TAB'vertical tab `'\v'' Moreover, the following two named constants are defined: Name Type -'C_NULL_PTR' 'C_PTR' -'C_NULL_FUNPTR''C_FUNPTR' +`C_NULL_PTR' `C_PTR' +`C_NULL_FUNPTR'`C_FUNPTR' - Both are equivalent to the value 'NULL' in C. + Both are equivalent to the value `NULL' in C. File: gfortran.info, Node: IEEE modules, Next: OpenMP Modules OMP_LIB and OMP_LIB_KINDS, Prev: ISO_C_BINDING, Up: Intrinsic Modules -10.3 IEEE modules: 'IEEE_EXCEPTIONS', 'IEEE_ARITHMETIC', and 'IEEE_FEATURES' +10.3 IEEE modules: `IEEE_EXCEPTIONS', `IEEE_ARITHMETIC', and `IEEE_FEATURES' ============================================================================ _Standard_: Fortran 2003 and later - The 'IEEE_EXCEPTIONS', 'IEEE_ARITHMETIC', and 'IEEE_FEATURES' + The `IEEE_EXCEPTIONS', `IEEE_ARITHMETIC', and `IEEE_FEATURES' intrinsic modules provide support for exceptions and IEEE arithmetic, as defined in Fortran 2003 and later standards, and the IEC 60559:1989 standard (_Binary floating-point arithmetic for microprocessor -systems_). These modules are only provided on the following supported +systems_). These modules are only provided on the following supported platforms: * i386 and x86_64 processors + * platforms which use the GNU C Library (glibc) + * platforms with support for SysV/386 routines for floating point interface (including Solaris and BSDs) + * platforms with the AIX OS For full compliance with the Fortran standards, code using the -'IEEE_EXCEPTIONS' or 'IEEE_ARITHMETIC' modules should be compiled with -the following options: '-fno-unsafe-math-optimizations -frounding-math +`IEEE_EXCEPTIONS' or `IEEE_ARITHMETIC' modules should be compiled with +the following options: `-fno-unsafe-math-optimizations -frounding-math -fsignaling-nans'. File: gfortran.info, Node: OpenMP Modules OMP_LIB and OMP_LIB_KINDS, Next: OpenACC Module OPENACC, Prev: IEEE modules, Up: Intrinsic Modules -10.4 OpenMP Modules 'OMP_LIB' and 'OMP_LIB_KINDS' +10.4 OpenMP Modules `OMP_LIB' and `OMP_LIB_KINDS' ================================================= _Standard_: OpenMP Application Program Interface v4.0 The OpenMP Fortran runtime library routines are provided both in a -form of two Fortran 90 modules, named 'OMP_LIB' and 'OMP_LIB_KINDS', and -in a form of a Fortran 'include' file named 'omp_lib.h'. The procedures -provided by 'OMP_LIB' can be found in the *note Introduction: -(libgomp)Top. manual, the named constants defined in the modules are -listed below. +form of two Fortran 90 modules, named `OMP_LIB' and `OMP_LIB_KINDS', +and in a form of a Fortran `include' file named `omp_lib.h'. The +procedures provided by `OMP_LIB' can be found in the *note +Introduction: (libgomp)Top. manual, the named constants defined in the +modules are listed below. For details refer to the actual OpenMP Application Program Interface v4.0 (http://www.openmp.org/mp-documents/OpenMP4.0.0.pdf). - 'OMP_LIB_KINDS' provides the following scalar default-integer named + `OMP_LIB_KINDS' provides the following scalar default-integer named constants: -'omp_lock_kind' -'omp_nest_lock_kind' -'omp_proc_bind_kind' -'omp_sched_kind' +`omp_lock_kind' + +`omp_nest_lock_kind' - 'OMP_LIB' provides the scalar default-integer named constant -'openmp_version' with a value of the form YYYYMM, where 'yyyy' is the +`omp_proc_bind_kind' + +`omp_sched_kind' + + `OMP_LIB' provides the scalar default-integer named constant +`openmp_version' with a value of the form YYYYMM, where `yyyy' is the year and MM the month of the OpenMP version; for OpenMP v4.0 the value -is '201307'. +is `201307'. The following scalar integer named constants of the kind -'omp_sched_kind': +`omp_sched_kind': + +`omp_sched_static' + +`omp_sched_dynamic' -'omp_sched_static' -'omp_sched_dynamic' -'omp_sched_guided' -'omp_sched_auto' +`omp_sched_guided' + +`omp_sched_auto' And the following scalar integer named constants of the kind -'omp_proc_bind_kind': +`omp_proc_bind_kind': + +`omp_proc_bind_false' + +`omp_proc_bind_true' + +`omp_proc_bind_master' -'omp_proc_bind_false' -'omp_proc_bind_true' -'omp_proc_bind_master' -'omp_proc_bind_close' -'omp_proc_bind_spread' +`omp_proc_bind_close' + +`omp_proc_bind_spread' File: gfortran.info, Node: OpenACC Module OPENACC, Prev: OpenMP Modules OMP_LIB and OMP_LIB_KINDS, Up: Intrinsic Modules -10.5 OpenACC Module 'OPENACC' +10.5 OpenACC Module `OPENACC' ============================= _Standard_: OpenACC Application Programming Interface v2.0 The OpenACC Fortran runtime library routines are provided both in a -form of a Fortran 90 module, named 'OPENACC', and in form of a Fortran -'include' file named 'openacc_lib.h'. The procedures provided by -'OPENACC' can be found in the *note Introduction: (libgomp)Top. manual, +form of a Fortran 90 module, named `OPENACC', and in form of a Fortran +`include' file named `openacc_lib.h'. The procedures provided by +`OPENACC' can be found in the *note Introduction: (libgomp)Top. manual, the named constants defined in the modules are listed below. For details refer to the actual OpenACC Application Programming Interface v2.0 (http://www.openacc.org/). - 'OPENACC' provides the scalar default-integer named constant -'openacc_version' with a value of the form YYYYMM, where 'yyyy' is the -year and MM the month of the OpenACC version; for OpenACC v2.0 the value -is '201306'. + `OPENACC' provides the scalar default-integer named constant +`openacc_version' with a value of the form YYYYMM, where `yyyy' is the +year and MM the month of the OpenACC version; for OpenACC v2.0 the +value is `201306'. File: gfortran.info, Node: Contributing, Next: Copying, Prev: Intrinsic Modules, Up: Top @@ -17146,9 +17343,9 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Contributing, Next: Copying, Prev: Intrinsic Modul Contributing ************ -Free software is only possible if people contribute to efforts to create -it. We're always in need of more people helping out with ideas and -comments, writing documentation and contributing code. +Free software is only possible if people contribute to efforts to +create it. We're always in need of more people helping out with ideas +and comments, writing documentation and contributing code. If you want to contribute to GNU Fortran, have a look at the long lists of projects you can take on. Some of these projects are small, @@ -17178,37 +17375,69 @@ with GCC was written by _Paul Brook_. significant help to the GNU Fortran project (in alphabetical order): - Janne Blomqvist + - Steven Bosscher + - Paul Brook + - Tobias Burnus + - Franc,ois-Xavier Coudert + - Bud Davis + - Jerry DeLisle + - Erik Edelmann + - Bernhard Fischer + - Daniel Franke + - Richard Guenther + - Richard Henderson + - Katherine Holcomb + - Jakub Jelinek + - Niels Kristian Bech Jensen + - Steven Johnson + - Steven G. Kargl + - Thomas Koenig + - Asher Langton + - H. J. Lu + - Toon Moene + - Brooks Moses + - Andrew Pinski + - Tim Prince + - Christopher D. Rickett + - Richard Sandiford + - Tobias Schlu"ter + - Roger Sayle + - Paul Thomas + - Andy Vaught + - Feng Wang + - Janus Weil + - Daniel Kraft The following people have contributed bug reports, smaller or larger @@ -17216,9 +17445,13 @@ patches, and much needed feedback and encouragement for the GNU Fortran project: - Bill Clodius + - Dominique d'Humie`res + - Kate Hedstrom + - Erik Schnetter + - Joost VandeVondele Many other individuals have helped debug, test and improve the GNU @@ -17234,28 +17467,29 @@ Projects _Help build the test suite_ Solicit more code for donation to the test suite: the more - extensive the testsuite, the smaller the risk of breaking things in - the future! We can keep code private on request. + extensive the testsuite, the smaller the risk of breaking things + in the future! We can keep code private on request. _Bug hunting/squishing_ - Find bugs and write more test cases! Test cases are especially - very welcome, because it allows us to concentrate on fixing bugs + Find bugs and write more test cases! Test cases are especially very + welcome, because it allows us to concentrate on fixing bugs instead of isolating them. Going through the bugzilla database at - <https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/> to reduce testcases posted there + `https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/' to reduce testcases posted there and add more information (for example, for which version does the - testcase work, for which versions does it fail?) is also very + testcase work, for which versions does it fail?) is also very helpful. + File: gfortran.info, Node: Proposed Extensions, Prev: Projects, Up: Contributing Proposed Extensions =================== -Here's a list of proposed extensions for the GNU Fortran compiler, in no -particular order. Most of these are necessary to be fully compatible -with existing Fortran compilers, but they are not part of the official -J3 Fortran 95 standard. +Here's a list of proposed extensions for the GNU Fortran compiler, in +no particular order. Most of these are necessary to be fully +compatible with existing Fortran compilers, but they are not part of +the official J3 Fortran 95 standard. Compiler extensions: -------------------- @@ -17264,8 +17498,8 @@ Compiler extensions: * Automatically extend single precision constants to double. - * Compile code that conserves memory by dynamically allocating common - and module storage either on stack or heap. + * Compile code that conserves memory by dynamically allocating + common and module storage either on stack or heap. * Compile flag to generate code for array conformance checking (suggest -CC). @@ -17313,6 +17547,7 @@ Environment Options * Environment variable forcing standard output to be line buffered (Unix). + File: gfortran.info, Node: Copying, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Contributing, Up: Top @@ -17321,7 +17556,7 @@ GNU General Public License Version 3, 29 June 2007 - Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/> + Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. @@ -17349,9 +17584,9 @@ want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things. To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you -these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have -certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if -you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others. +these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you +have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, +or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others. For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same @@ -17370,15 +17605,16 @@ changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions. Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run -modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer -can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of -protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic -pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to -use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we -have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those -products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we -stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions -of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users. +modified versions of the software inside them, although the +manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the +aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The +systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for +individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. +Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the +practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in +other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains +in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of +users. Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of @@ -17415,8 +17651,8 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for - infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on - a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes + infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it + on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well. @@ -17430,8 +17666,8 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to - the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey - the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this + the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may + convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion. @@ -17439,8 +17675,8 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1. Source Code. The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work - for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source - form of a work. + for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any + non-source form of a work. A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in @@ -17451,10 +17687,10 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that - Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with - that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for - which an implementation is available to the public in source code - form. A "Major Component", in this context, means a major + Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work + with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface + for which an implementation is available to the public in source + code form. A "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code @@ -17462,15 +17698,15 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable - work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts - to control those activities. However, it does not include the - work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally + work) run the object code and to modify the work, including + scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include + the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, - Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated - with source files for the work, and the source code for shared - libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is - specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data + Corresponding Source includes interface definition files + associated with source files for the work, and the source code for + shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work + is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work. @@ -17487,22 +17723,22 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running - a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given - its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges - your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by - copyright law. + a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, + given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License + acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as + provided by copyright law. You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the - sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, - or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided - that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all - material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making - or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your - behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit - them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside - their relationship with you. + sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for + you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, + provided that you comply with the terms of this License in + conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. + Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so + exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on + terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your + copyrighted material outside their relationship with you. Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section @@ -17519,8 +17755,8 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License - with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to - limit operation or modification of the work as a means of + with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention + to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures. @@ -17590,8 +17826,8 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS b. Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a - written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as - long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that + written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for + as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a @@ -17601,31 +17837,32 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge. - c. Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the - written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This + c. Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of + the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b. d. Convey the object code by offering access from a designated - place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to - the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same + place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access + to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the - Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by - you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying - facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the - object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. + Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated + by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying + facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to + the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you - remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as - needed to satisfy these requirements. + remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long + as needed to satisfy these requirements. e. Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d. + A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work. @@ -17633,8 +17870,8 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for - incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is - a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of + incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product + is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the @@ -17665,11 +17902,11 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, - warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed - by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been - modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the - modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation - of the network or violates the rules and protocols for + warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or + installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it + has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied + when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the + operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network. Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information @@ -17699,8 +17936,8 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright - holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with - terms: + holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License + with terms: a. Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or @@ -17710,8 +17947,9 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or c. Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, - or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked - in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or + or requiring that modified versions of such material be + marked in reasonable ways as different from the original + version; or d. Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or @@ -17730,10 +17968,11 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document - contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying - under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed - by the terms of that license document, provided that the further - restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying. + contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or + conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work + material governed by the terms of that license document, provided + that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or + conveying. If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the @@ -17749,13 +17988,13 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights - under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the - third paragraph of section 11). + under this License (including any patent licenses granted under + the third paragraph of section 11). However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) - provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and - finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the + provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly + and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. @@ -17767,10 +18006,10 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS after your receipt of the notice. Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate - the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you - under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not - permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses - for the same material under section 10. + the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from + you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and + not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new + licenses for the same material under section 10. 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. @@ -17784,7 +18023,7 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. - 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. + 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and @@ -17798,21 +18037,21 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or - could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession - of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in - interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable - efforts. + could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to + possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the + predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it + with reasonable efforts. You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you - may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise - of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate - litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) - alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, - selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion - of it. + may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for + exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not + initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a + lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, + using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any + portion of it. - 11. Patents. + 11. Patents. A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. @@ -17832,15 +18071,15 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and - otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor - version. + otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its + contributor version. In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a - patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To "grant" - such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or - commitment not to enforce a patent against the party. + patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To + "grant" such a patent license to a party means to make such an + agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party. If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available @@ -17870,35 +18109,36 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third - party that is in the business of distributing software, under which - you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your - activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party - grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work - from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with - copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from - those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific - products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you - entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, - prior to 28 March 2007. + party that is in the business of distributing software, under + which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of + your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third + party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered + work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection + with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made + from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with + specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, + unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license + was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. - 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. + 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. - If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement - or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they - do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you - cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your - obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, - then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, - if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for - further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the - only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would - be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. + If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, + agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this + License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this + License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy + simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other + pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it + at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to + collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you + convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those + terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying + the Program. - 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. + 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed @@ -17909,21 +18149,22 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such. - 14. Revised Versions of this License. + 14. Revised Versions of this License. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new - versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such - new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but - may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. + versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. + Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present + version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or + concerns. Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of - that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free - Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version - number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any - version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. + that numbered version or of any later version published by the + Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a + version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose + any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that @@ -17935,24 +18176,24 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version. - 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. + 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY - APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE + APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF - MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE + MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. - 16. Limitation of Liability. + 16. Limitation of Liability. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES - AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR - DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR + AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU + FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD @@ -17960,7 +18201,7 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. - 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. + 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, @@ -17969,6 +18210,7 @@ TERMS AND CONDITIONS connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee. + END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS =========================== @@ -17999,7 +18241,7 @@ state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License - along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. + along with this program. If not, see `http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. @@ -18008,11 +18250,11 @@ mail. notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: PROGRAM Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR - This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type 'show w'. + This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it - under certain conditions; type 'show c' for details. + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. - The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the + The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". @@ -18020,14 +18262,14 @@ use an "about box". You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow -the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +the GNU GPL, see `http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'. The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, -please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>. +please read `http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html'. File: gfortran.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: Funding, Prev: Copying, Up: Top @@ -18038,7 +18280,7 @@ GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - <http://fsf.org/> + `http://fsf.org/' Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. @@ -18063,21 +18305,21 @@ GNU Free Documentation License free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless - of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We - recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is + of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. + We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, - that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can - be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice + that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it + can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member - of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept - the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way - requiring permission under copyright law. + of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You + accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a + way requiring permission under copyright law. A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with @@ -18095,12 +18337,12 @@ GNU Free Documentation License regarding them. The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose - titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the - notice that says that the Document is released under this License. - If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it - is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may - contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify - any Invariant Sections then there are none. + titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in + the notice that says that the Document is released under this + License. If a section does not fit the above definition of + Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. + The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document + does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice @@ -18111,27 +18353,27 @@ GNU Free Documentation License A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document - straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed - of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely - available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text - formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats - suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise - Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has - been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by - readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if - used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not - "Transparent" is called "Opaque". + straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images + composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some + widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to + text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of + formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an + otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of + markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent + modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is + not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A + copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, - SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming - simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. - Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. - Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and - edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which - the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and - the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word - processors for output purposes only. + SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and + standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for + human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include + PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that + can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or + XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally + available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF + produced by some word processors for output purposes only. The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the @@ -18169,8 +18411,8 @@ GNU Free Documentation License may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you - distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the - conditions in section 3. + distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow + the conditions in section 3. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies. @@ -18184,11 +18426,12 @@ GNU Free Documentation License these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The - front cover must present the full title with all words of the title - equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the - covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as - long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these - conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. + front cover must present the full title with all words of the + title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material + on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the + covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and + satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in + other respects. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit @@ -18196,39 +18439,40 @@ GNU Free Documentation License adjacent pages. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document - numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable - Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with - each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general - network-using public has access to download using public-standard - network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free - of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take - reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque - copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will - remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one - year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or - through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. + numbering more than 100, you must either include a + machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or + state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from + which the general network-using public has access to download + using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent + copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the + latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you + begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that + this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated + location until at least one year after the last time you + distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or + retailers) of that edition to the public. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of - the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, - to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the - Document. + the Document well before redistributing any large number of + copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated + version of the Document. 4. MODIFICATIONS You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you - release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the - Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing - distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever - possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in - the Modified Version: + release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with + the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus + licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to + whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these + things in the Modified Version: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title - distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous - versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the - History section of the Document). You may use the same title - as a previous version if the original publisher of that - version gives permission. + distinct from that of the Document, and from those of + previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed + in the History section of the Document). You may use the + same title as a previous version if the original publisher of + that version gives permission. B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in @@ -18258,30 +18502,31 @@ GNU Free Documentation License I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new - authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the - Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the - Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and - publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add - an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the - previous sentence. + authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on + the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in + the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, + and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, + then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in + the previous sentence. J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for - previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the - "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work - that was published at least four years before the Document - itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers - to gives permission. + previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in + the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a + work that was published at least four years before the + Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version + it refers to gives permission. K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", - Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section - all the substance and tone of each of the contributor + Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the + section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. - L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered - in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the - equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. + L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, + unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers + or the equivalent are not considered part of the section + titles. M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. @@ -18294,11 +18539,11 @@ GNU Free Documentation License If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no - material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate - some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their - titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's - license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other - section titles. + material copied from the Document, you may at your option + designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, + add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified + Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any + other section titles. You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various @@ -18307,15 +18552,15 @@ GNU Free Documentation License definition of a standard. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, - and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of - the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage - of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or - through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document - already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added - by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on - behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old - one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added - the old one. + and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end + of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one + passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be + added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the + Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, + previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity + you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may + replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous + publisher that added the old one. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to @@ -18325,8 +18570,8 @@ GNU Free Documentation License You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for - modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all - of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, + modified versions, provided that you include in the combination + all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. @@ -18353,20 +18598,20 @@ GNU Free Documentation License documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the - rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents - in all other respects. + rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the + documents in all other respects. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert - a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this - License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that - document. + a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow + this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of + that document. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other - separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a - storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the + separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of + a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this @@ -18411,8 +18656,8 @@ GNU Free Documentation License However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) - provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and - finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the + provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly + and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. @@ -18424,33 +18669,33 @@ GNU Free Documentation License after your receipt of the notice. Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate - the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you - under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not - permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the - same material does not give you any rights to use it. + the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from + you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and + not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of + the same material does not give you any rights to use it. - 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE + 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See - <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>. + `http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/'. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been - published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the - Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may - choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free - Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can - decide which future versions of this License can be used, that + published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If + the Document does not specify a version number of this License, + you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the + Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy + can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. - 11. RELICENSING + 11. RELICENSING "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also @@ -18480,6 +18725,7 @@ GNU Free Documentation License site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. + ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ==================================================== @@ -18496,7 +18742,7 @@ notices just after the title page: Free Documentation License''. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover -Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: +Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts @@ -18507,9 +18753,9 @@ combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we -recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free -software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit -their use in free software. +recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of +free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to +permit their use in free software. File: gfortran.info, Node: Funding, Next: Option Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Top @@ -18539,8 +18785,8 @@ for comparison. Even a precise fraction "of the profits from this disk" is not very meaningful, since creative accounting and unrelated business decisions -can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts as profit. If -the price you pay is $50, ten percent of the profit is probably less +can greatly alter what fraction of the sales price counts as profit. +If the price you pay is $50, ten percent of the profit is probably less than a dollar; it might be a few cents, or nothing at all. Some redistributors do development work themselves. This is useful @@ -18550,8 +18796,8 @@ difference than others. For example, maintaining a separate version of a program contributes very little; maintaining the standard version of a program for the whole community contributes much. Easy new ports contribute little, since someone else would surely do them; difficult -ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU Compiler Collection contribute -more; major new features or packages contribute the most. +ports such as adding a new CPU to the GNU Compiler Collection +contribute more; major new features or packages contribute the most. By establishing the idea that supporting further development is "the proper thing to do" when distributing free software for a fee, we can @@ -18567,228 +18813,228 @@ File: gfortran.info, Node: Option Index, Next: Keyword Index, Prev: Funding, Option Index ************ -'gfortran''s command line options are indexed here without any initial -'-' or '--'. Where an option has both positive and negative forms (such -as -foption and -fno-option), relevant entries in the manual are indexed -under the most appropriate form; it may sometimes be useful to look up -both forms. +`gfortran''s command line options are indexed here without any initial +`-' or `--'. Where an option has both positive and negative forms +(such as -foption and -fno-option), relevant entries in the manual are +indexed under the most appropriate form; it may sometimes be useful to +look up both forms. * Menu: -* 'A-PREDICATE=ANSWER': Preprocessing Options. - (line 119) -* 'APREDICATE=ANSWER': Preprocessing Options. - (line 113) -* 'backslash': Fortran Dialect Options. +* A-PREDICATE=ANSWER: Preprocessing Options. + (line 120) +* APREDICATE=ANSWER: Preprocessing Options. + (line 114) +* backslash: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 40) -* 'C': Preprocessing Options. - (line 122) -* 'CC': Preprocessing Options. - (line 137) -* 'cpp': Preprocessing Options. +* C: Preprocessing Options. + (line 123) +* CC: Preprocessing Options. + (line 138) +* cpp: Preprocessing Options. (line 12) -* 'dD': Preprocessing Options. +* dD: Preprocessing Options. (line 35) -* 'dI': Preprocessing Options. +* dI: Preprocessing Options. (line 51) -* 'dM': Preprocessing Options. +* dM: Preprocessing Options. (line 26) -* 'dN': Preprocessing Options. +* dN: Preprocessing Options. (line 41) -* 'DNAME': Preprocessing Options. - (line 151) -* 'DNAME=DEFINITION': Preprocessing Options. - (line 154) -* 'dU': Preprocessing Options. +* DNAME: Preprocessing Options. + (line 153) +* DNAME=DEFINITION: Preprocessing Options. + (line 156) +* dU: Preprocessing Options. (line 44) -* 'faggressive-function-elimination': Code Gen Options. (line 339) -* 'falign-commons': Code Gen Options. (line 312) -* 'fall-intrinsics': Fortran Dialect Options. +* faggressive-function-elimination: Code Gen Options. (line 343) +* falign-commons: Code Gen Options. (line 316) +* fall-intrinsics: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 17) -* 'fblas-matmul-limit': Code Gen Options. (line 267) -* 'fbounds-check': Code Gen Options. (line 191) -* 'fcheck': Code Gen Options. (line 141) -* 'fcheck-array-temporaries': Code Gen Options. (line 194) -* 'fcoarray': Code Gen Options. (line 127) -* 'fconvert='CONVERSION: Runtime Options. (line 10) -* 'fcray-pointer': Fortran Dialect Options. +* fblas-matmul-limit: Code Gen Options. (line 268) +* fbounds-check: Code Gen Options. (line 192) +* fcheck: Code Gen Options. (line 143) +* fcheck-array-temporaries: Code Gen Options. (line 195) +* fcoarray: Code Gen Options. (line 129) +* fconvert=CONVERSION: Runtime Options. (line 10) +* fcray-pointer: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 86) -* 'fd-lines-as-code': Fortran Dialect Options. +* fd-lines-as-code: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 27) -* 'fd-lines-as-comments': Fortran Dialect Options. +* fd-lines-as-comments: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 27) -* 'fdefault-double-8': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 135) -* 'fdefault-integer-8': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 121) -* 'fdefault-real-8': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 127) -* 'fdollar-ok': Fortran Dialect Options. +* fdefault-double-8: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 136) +* fdefault-integer-8: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 122) +* fdefault-real-8: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 128) +* fdollar-ok: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 34) -* 'fdump-fortran-optimized': Debugging Options. (line 15) -* 'fdump-fortran-original': Debugging Options. (line 10) -* 'fdump-parse-tree': Debugging Options. (line 19) -* 'fexternal-blas': Code Gen Options. (line 259) +* fdump-fortran-optimized: Debugging Options. (line 15) +* fdump-fortran-original: Debugging Options. (line 10) +* fdump-parse-tree: Debugging Options. (line 19) +* fexternal-blas: Code Gen Options. (line 260) * ff2c: Code Gen Options. (line 25) -* 'ffixed-line-length-'N: Fortran Dialect Options. +* ffixed-form: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 11) +* ffixed-line-length-N: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 57) -* 'ffpe-summary='LIST: Debugging Options. (line 51) -* 'ffpe-trap='LIST: Debugging Options. (line 25) -* 'ffree-form': Fortran Dialect Options. +* ffpe-summary=LIST: Debugging Options. (line 52) +* ffpe-trap=LIST: Debugging Options. (line 25) +* ffree-form: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 11) -* 'ffree-line-length-'N: Fortran Dialect Options. +* ffree-line-length-N: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 70) -* 'fimplicit-none': Fortran Dialect Options. +* fimplicit-none: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 81) -* 'finit-character': Code Gen Options. (line 287) -* 'finit-integer': Code Gen Options. (line 287) -* 'finit-local-zero': Code Gen Options. (line 287) -* 'finit-logical': Code Gen Options. (line 287) -* 'finit-real': Code Gen Options. (line 287) -* 'finteger-4-integer-8': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 144) -* 'fintrinsic-modules-path' DIR: Directory Options. (line 36) -* 'fmax-array-constructor': Code Gen Options. (line 197) -* 'fmax-errors='N: Error and Warning Options. +* finit-character: Code Gen Options. (line 288) +* finit-integer: Code Gen Options. (line 288) +* finit-local-zero: Code Gen Options. (line 288) +* finit-logical: Code Gen Options. (line 288) +* finit-real: Code Gen Options. (line 288) +* finteger-4-integer-8: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 145) +* fintrinsic-modules-path DIR: Directory Options. (line 36) +* fmax-array-constructor: Code Gen Options. (line 198) +* fmax-errors=N: Error and Warning Options. (line 27) -* 'fmax-identifier-length='N: Fortran Dialect Options. +* fmax-identifier-length=N: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 77) -* 'fmax-stack-var-size': Code Gen Options. (line 215) -* 'fmax-subrecord-length='LENGTH: Runtime Options. (line 29) -* 'fmodule-private': Fortran Dialect Options. +* fmax-stack-var-size: Code Gen Options. (line 216) +* fmax-subrecord-length=LENGTH: Runtime Options. (line 29) +* fmodule-private: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 52) -* 'fno-automatic': Code Gen Options. (line 15) -* 'fno-backtrace': Debugging Options. (line 61) -* 'fno-fixed-form': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 11) -* 'fno-protect-parens': Code Gen Options. (line 324) -* 'fno-underscoring': Code Gen Options. (line 54) -* 'fopenacc': Fortran Dialect Options. +* fno-automatic: Code Gen Options. (line 15) +* fno-backtrace: Debugging Options. (line 62) +* fno-protect-parens: Code Gen Options. (line 328) +* fno-underscoring: Code Gen Options. (line 54) +* fopenacc: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 90) -* 'fopenmp': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 101) -* 'fpack-derived': Code Gen Options. (line 237) -* 'fpp': Preprocessing Options. +* fopenmp: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 102) +* fpack-derived: Code Gen Options. (line 238) +* fpp: Preprocessing Options. (line 12) -* 'frange-check': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 109) -* 'freal-4-real-10': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 159) -* 'freal-4-real-16': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 159) -* 'freal-4-real-8': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 159) -* 'freal-8-real-10': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 159) -* 'freal-8-real-16': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 159) -* 'freal-8-real-4': Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 159) -* 'frealloc-lhs': Code Gen Options. (line 333) -* 'frecord-marker='LENGTH: Runtime Options. (line 21) -* 'frecursive': Code Gen Options. (line 278) -* 'frepack-arrays': Code Gen Options. (line 243) -* 'frontend-optimize': Code Gen Options. (line 347) -* 'fsecond-underscore': Code Gen Options. (line 110) -* 'fshort-enums': Code Gen Options. (line 253) -* 'fshort-enums' <1>: Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) -* 'fsign-zero': Runtime Options. (line 34) -* 'fstack-arrays': Code Gen Options. (line 229) -* 'fsyntax-only': Error and Warning Options. +* frange-check: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 110) +* freal-4-real-10: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 161) +* freal-4-real-16: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 161) +* freal-4-real-8: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 161) +* freal-8-real-10: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 161) +* freal-8-real-16: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 161) +* freal-8-real-4: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 161) +* frealloc-lhs: Code Gen Options. (line 337) +* frecord-marker=LENGTH: Runtime Options. (line 21) +* frecursive: Code Gen Options. (line 279) +* frepack-arrays: Code Gen Options. (line 244) +* frontend-optimize: Code Gen Options. (line 351) +* fsecond-underscore: Code Gen Options. (line 112) +* fshort-enums <1>: Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) +* fshort-enums: Code Gen Options. (line 254) +* fsign-zero: Runtime Options. (line 34) +* fstack-arrays: Code Gen Options. (line 230) +* fsyntax-only: Error and Warning Options. (line 33) -* 'fworking-directory': Preprocessing Options. +* fworking-directory: Preprocessing Options. (line 55) -* 'H': Preprocessing Options. - (line 174) -* 'I'DIR: Directory Options. (line 14) -* 'idirafter DIR': Preprocessing Options. - (line 69) -* 'imultilib DIR': Preprocessing Options. - (line 76) -* 'iprefix PREFIX': Preprocessing Options. - (line 80) -* 'iquote DIR': Preprocessing Options. - (line 89) -* 'isysroot DIR': Preprocessing Options. - (line 85) -* 'isystem DIR': Preprocessing Options. - (line 96) -* 'J'DIR: Directory Options. (line 29) -* 'M'DIR: Directory Options. (line 29) -* 'nostdinc': Preprocessing Options. - (line 104) -* 'P': Preprocessing Options. - (line 179) -* 'pedantic': Error and Warning Options. +* H: Preprocessing Options. + (line 176) +* IDIR: Directory Options. (line 14) +* idirafter DIR: Preprocessing Options. + (line 70) +* imultilib DIR: Preprocessing Options. + (line 77) +* iprefix PREFIX: Preprocessing Options. + (line 81) +* iquote DIR: Preprocessing Options. + (line 90) +* isysroot DIR: Preprocessing Options. + (line 86) +* isystem DIR: Preprocessing Options. + (line 97) +* JDIR: Directory Options. (line 29) +* MDIR: Directory Options. (line 29) +* nostdinc: Preprocessing Options. + (line 105) +* P: Preprocessing Options. + (line 181) +* pedantic: Error and Warning Options. (line 38) -* 'pedantic-errors': Error and Warning Options. +* pedantic-errors: Error and Warning Options. (line 57) -* 'static-libgfortran': Link Options. (line 11) -* 'std='STD option: Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 170) -* 'UNAME': Preprocessing Options. - (line 185) -* 'undef': Preprocessing Options. - (line 109) -* 'Waliasing': Error and Warning Options. +* static-libgfortran: Link Options. (line 11) +* std=STD option: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 172) +* UNAME: Preprocessing Options. + (line 187) +* undef: Preprocessing Options. + (line 110) +* Waliasing: Error and Warning Options. (line 69) -* 'Walign-commons': Error and Warning Options. +* Walign-commons: Error and Warning Options. (line 206) -* 'Wall': Error and Warning Options. +* Wall: Error and Warning Options. (line 61) -* 'Wampersand': Error and Warning Options. +* Wampersand: Error and Warning Options. (line 86) -* 'Warray-temporaries': Error and Warning Options. +* Warray-temporaries: Error and Warning Options. (line 94) -* 'Wc-binding-type': Error and Warning Options. +* Wc-binding-type: Error and Warning Options. (line 99) -* 'Wcharacter-truncation': Error and Warning Options. +* Wcharacter-truncation: Error and Warning Options. (line 106) -* 'Wcompare-reals': Error and Warning Options. - (line 233) -* 'Wconversion': Error and Warning Options. +* Wcompare-reals: Error and Warning Options. + (line 234) +* Wconversion: Error and Warning Options. (line 115) -* 'Wconversion-extra': Error and Warning Options. +* Wconversion-extra: Error and Warning Options. (line 119) -* 'Werror': Error and Warning Options. - (line 245) -* 'Wextra': Error and Warning Options. +* Werror: Error and Warning Options. + (line 246) +* Wextra: Error and Warning Options. (line 123) -* 'Wfunction-elimination': Error and Warning Options. +* Wfunction-elimination: Error and Warning Options. (line 212) -* 'Wimplicit-interface': Error and Warning Options. +* Wimplicit-interface: Error and Warning Options. (line 128) -* 'Wimplicit-procedure': Error and Warning Options. +* Wimplicit-procedure: Error and Warning Options. (line 134) -* 'Wintrinsic-shadow': Error and Warning Options. +* Wintrinsic-shadow: Error and Warning Options. (line 184) -* 'Wintrinsics-std': Error and Warning Options. +* Wintrinsics-std: Error and Warning Options. (line 138) -* 'Wline-truncation': Error and Warning Options. +* Wline-truncation: Error and Warning Options. (line 109) -* 'Wreal-q-constant': Error and Warning Options. +* Wreal-q-constant: Error and Warning Options. (line 145) -* 'Wrealloc-lhs': Error and Warning Options. +* Wrealloc-lhs: Error and Warning Options. (line 216) -* 'Wrealloc-lhs-all': Error and Warning Options. - (line 228) -* 'Wsurprising': Error and Warning Options. +* Wrealloc-lhs-all: Error and Warning Options. + (line 229) +* Wsurprising: Error and Warning Options. (line 149) -* 'Wtabs': Error and Warning Options. +* Wtabs: Error and Warning Options. (line 171) -* 'Wtargt-lifetime': Error and Warning Options. - (line 237) -* 'Wunderflow': Error and Warning Options. +* Wtargt-lifetime: Error and Warning Options. + (line 238) +* Wunderflow: Error and Warning Options. (line 179) -* 'Wunused-dummy-argument': Error and Warning Options. +* Wunused-dummy-argument: Error and Warning Options. (line 195) -* 'Wunused-parameter': Error and Warning Options. +* Wunused-parameter: Error and Warning Options. (line 199) -* 'Wuse-without-only': Error and Warning Options. +* Wuse-without-only: Error and Warning Options. (line 191) -* 'Wzerotrip': Error and Warning Options. - (line 241) +* Wzerotrip: Error and Warning Options. + (line 242) File: gfortran.info, Node: Keyword Index, Prev: Option Index, Up: Top @@ -18799,17 +19045,17 @@ Keyword Index * Menu: -* '$': Fortran Dialect Options. +* $: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 34) -* '%LOC': Argument list functions. +* %LOC: Argument list functions. (line 6) -* '%REF': Argument list functions. +* %REF: Argument list functions. (line 6) -* '%VAL': Argument list functions. +* %VAL: Argument list functions. (line 6) -* '&': Error and Warning Options. +* &: Error and Warning Options. (line 86) -* '[...]': Fortran 2003 status. (line 78) +* [...]: Fortran 2003 status. (line 78) * _gfortran_set_args: _gfortran_set_args. (line 6) * _gfortran_set_convert: _gfortran_set_convert. (line 6) @@ -18824,12 +19070,12 @@ Keyword Index * ABS: ABS. (line 6) * absolute value: ABS. (line 6) * ACCESS: ACCESS. (line 6) -* 'ACCESS='STREAM'' I/O: Fortran 2003 status. (line 103) +* ACCESS='STREAM' I/O: Fortran 2003 status. (line 105) * ACHAR: ACHAR. (line 6) * ACOS: ACOS. (line 6) * ACOSH: ACOSH. (line 6) -* adjust string: ADJUSTL. (line 6) * adjust string <1>: ADJUSTR. (line 6) +* adjust string: ADJUSTL. (line 6) * ADJUSTL: ADJUSTL. (line 6) * ADJUSTR: ADJUSTR. (line 6) * AIMAG: AIMAG. (line 6) @@ -18838,16 +19084,16 @@ Keyword Index * ALGAMA: LOG_GAMMA. (line 6) * aliasing: Error and Warning Options. (line 69) -* alignment of 'COMMON' blocks: Error and Warning Options. +* alignment of COMMON blocks <1>: Code Gen Options. (line 316) +* alignment of COMMON blocks: Error and Warning Options. (line 206) -* alignment of 'COMMON' blocks <1>: Code Gen Options. (line 312) * ALL: ALL. (line 6) * all warnings: Error and Warning Options. (line 61) -* 'ALLOCATABLE' components of derived types: Fortran 2003 status. - (line 101) -* 'ALLOCATABLE' dummy arguments: Fortran 2003 status. (line 99) -* 'ALLOCATABLE' function results: Fortran 2003 status. (line 100) +* ALLOCATABLE components of derived types: Fortran 2003 status. + (line 103) +* ALLOCATABLE dummy arguments: Fortran 2003 status. (line 99) +* ALLOCATABLE function results: Fortran 2003 status. (line 101) * ALLOCATED: ALLOCATED. (line 6) * allocation, moving: MOVE_ALLOC. (line 6) * allocation, status: ALLOCATED. (line 6) @@ -18866,22 +19112,22 @@ Keyword Index * area hyperbolic tangent: ATANH. (line 6) * argument list functions: Argument list functions. (line 6) -* arguments, to program: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT. +* arguments, to program <1>: IARGC. (line 6) +* arguments, to program <2>: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT. (line 6) -* arguments, to program <1>: GETARG. (line 6) -* arguments, to program <2>: GET_COMMAND. (line 6) -* arguments, to program <3>: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT. +* arguments, to program <3>: GET_COMMAND. (line 6) +* arguments, to program <4>: GETARG. (line 6) +* arguments, to program: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT. (line 6) -* arguments, to program <4>: IARGC. (line 6) * array, add elements: SUM. (line 6) * array, AND: IALL. (line 6) -* array, apply condition: ALL. (line 6) * array, apply condition <1>: ANY. (line 6) -* array, bounds checking: Code Gen Options. (line 141) +* array, apply condition: ALL. (line 6) +* array, bounds checking: Code Gen Options. (line 143) * array, change dimensions: RESHAPE. (line 6) * array, combine arrays: MERGE. (line 6) -* array, condition testing: ALL. (line 6) * array, condition testing <1>: ANY. (line 6) +* array, condition testing: ALL. (line 6) * array, conditionally add elements: SUM. (line 6) * array, conditionally count elements: COUNT. (line 6) * array, conditionally multiply elements: PRODUCT. (line 6) @@ -18891,8 +19137,8 @@ Keyword Index * array, duplicate elements: SPREAD. (line 6) * array, element counting: COUNT. (line 6) * array, gather elements: PACK. (line 6) -* array, increase dimension: SPREAD. (line 6) * array, increase dimension <1>: UNPACK. (line 6) +* array, increase dimension: SPREAD. (line 6) * array, indices of type real: Real array indices. (line 6) * array, location of maximum element: MAXLOC. (line 6) * array, location of minimum element: MINLOC. (line 6) @@ -18901,8 +19147,8 @@ Keyword Index * array, merge arrays: MERGE. (line 6) * array, minimum value: MINVAL. (line 6) * array, multiply elements: PRODUCT. (line 6) -* array, number of elements: COUNT. (line 6) * array, number of elements <1>: SIZE. (line 6) +* array, number of elements: COUNT. (line 6) * array, OR: IANY. (line 6) * array, packing: PACK. (line 6) * array, parity: IPARITY. (line 6) @@ -18921,8 +19167,8 @@ Keyword Index * array, unpacking: UNPACK. (line 6) * array, upper bound: UBOUND. (line 6) * array, XOR: IPARITY. (line 6) -* ASCII collating sequence: ACHAR. (line 6) * ASCII collating sequence <1>: IACHAR. (line 6) +* ASCII collating sequence: ACHAR. (line 6) * ASIN: ASIN. (line 6) * ASINH: ASINH. (line 6) * ASSOCIATED: ASSOCIATED. (line 6) @@ -18944,8 +19190,8 @@ Keyword Index * Atomic subroutine, XOR with fetch: ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR. (line 6) * ATOMIC_ADD: ATOMIC_ADD. (line 6) * ATOMIC_AND: ATOMIC_AND. (line 6) -* ATOMIC_DEFINE: ATOMIC_CAS. (line 6) * ATOMIC_DEFINE <1>: ATOMIC_DEFINE. (line 6) +* ATOMIC_DEFINE: ATOMIC_CAS. (line 6) * ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD: ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD. (line 6) * ATOMIC_FETCH_AND: ATOMIC_FETCH_AND. (line 6) * ATOMIC_FETCH_OR: ATOMIC_FETCH_OR. (line 6) @@ -18956,21 +19202,21 @@ Keyword Index * Authors: Contributors. (line 6) * backslash: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 40) -* 'BACKSPACE': Read/Write after EOF marker. +* BACKSPACE: Read/Write after EOF marker. (line 6) +* backtrace: BACKTRACE. (line 6) * BACKTRACE: BACKTRACE. (line 6) -* backtrace: Debugging Options. (line 61) -* backtrace <1>: BACKTRACE. (line 6) +* backtrace: Debugging Options. (line 62) * base 10 logarithm function: LOG10. (line 6) * BESJ0: BESSEL_J0. (line 6) * BESJ1: BESSEL_J1. (line 6) * BESJN: BESSEL_JN. (line 6) +* Bessel function, first kind <1>: BESSEL_JN. (line 6) +* Bessel function, first kind <2>: BESSEL_J1. (line 6) * Bessel function, first kind: BESSEL_J0. (line 6) -* Bessel function, first kind <1>: BESSEL_J1. (line 6) -* Bessel function, first kind <2>: BESSEL_JN. (line 6) +* Bessel function, second kind <1>: BESSEL_YN. (line 6) +* Bessel function, second kind <2>: BESSEL_Y1. (line 6) * Bessel function, second kind: BESSEL_Y0. (line 6) -* Bessel function, second kind <1>: BESSEL_Y1. (line 6) -* Bessel function, second kind <2>: BESSEL_YN. (line 6) * BESSEL_J0: BESSEL_J0. (line 6) * BESSEL_J1: BESSEL_J1. (line 6) * BESSEL_JN: BESSEL_JN. (line 6) @@ -18982,48 +19228,54 @@ Keyword Index * BESYN: BESSEL_YN. (line 6) * BGE: BGE. (line 6) * BGT: BGT. (line 6) -* binary representation: POPCNT. (line 6) * binary representation <1>: POPPAR. (line 6) +* binary representation: POPCNT. (line 6) +* BIT_SIZE: BIT_SIZE. (line 6) * bits set: POPCNT. (line 6) * bits, AND of array elements: IALL. (line 6) * bits, clear: IBCLR. (line 6) * bits, extract: IBITS. (line 6) * bits, get: IBITS. (line 6) * bits, merge: MERGE_BITS. (line 6) -* bits, move: MVBITS. (line 6) * bits, move <1>: TRANSFER. (line 6) +* bits, move: MVBITS. (line 6) * bits, negate: NOT. (line 6) * bits, number of: BIT_SIZE. (line 6) * bits, OR of array elements: IANY. (line 6) * bits, set: IBSET. (line 6) * bits, shift: ISHFT. (line 6) * bits, shift circular: ISHFTC. (line 6) -* bits, shift left: LSHIFT. (line 6) * bits, shift left <1>: SHIFTL. (line 6) +* bits, shift left: LSHIFT. (line 6) +* bits, shift right <1>: SHIFTR. (line 6) +* bits, shift right <2>: SHIFTA. (line 6) * bits, shift right: RSHIFT. (line 6) -* bits, shift right <1>: SHIFTA. (line 6) -* bits, shift right <2>: SHIFTR. (line 6) * bits, testing: BTEST. (line 6) * bits, unset: IBCLR. (line 6) * bits, XOR of array elements: IPARITY. (line 6) -* bitwise comparison: BGE. (line 6) -* bitwise comparison <1>: BGT. (line 6) +* bitwise comparison <1>: BLT. (line 6) * bitwise comparison <2>: BLE. (line 6) -* bitwise comparison <3>: BLT. (line 6) -* bitwise logical and: AND. (line 6) +* bitwise comparison <3>: BGT. (line 6) +* bitwise comparison: BGE. (line 6) * bitwise logical and <1>: IAND. (line 6) -* bitwise logical exclusive or: IEOR. (line 6) +* bitwise logical and: AND. (line 6) * bitwise logical exclusive or <1>: XOR. (line 6) +* bitwise logical exclusive or: IEOR. (line 6) * bitwise logical not: NOT. (line 6) -* bitwise logical or: IOR. (line 6) * bitwise logical or <1>: OR. (line 6) -* BIT_SIZE: BIT_SIZE. (line 6) +* bitwise logical or: IOR. (line 6) * BLE: BLE. (line 6) * BLT: BLT. (line 6) -* bounds checking: Code Gen Options. (line 141) +* bounds checking: Code Gen Options. (line 143) * BOZ literal constants: BOZ literal constants. (line 6) * BTEST: BTEST. (line 6) +* C_ASSOCIATED: C_ASSOCIATED. (line 6) +* C_F_POINTER: C_F_POINTER. (line 6) +* C_F_PROCPOINTER: C_F_PROCPOINTER. (line 6) +* C_FUNLOC: C_FUNLOC. (line 6) +* C_LOC: C_LOC. (line 6) +* C_SIZEOF: C_SIZEOF. (line 6) * CABS: ABS. (line 6) * calling convention: Code Gen Options. (line 25) * CCOS: COS. (line 6) @@ -19033,28 +19285,28 @@ Keyword Index * CDLOG: LOG. (line 6) * CDSIN: SIN. (line 6) * CDSQRT: SQRT. (line 6) +* ceiling: CEILING. (line 6) * CEILING: CEILING. (line 6) * ceiling: ANINT. (line 6) -* ceiling <1>: CEILING. (line 6) * CEXP: EXP. (line 6) * CHAR: CHAR. (line 6) * character kind: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND. (line 6) * character set: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 34) * CHDIR: CHDIR. (line 6) -* checking array temporaries: Code Gen Options. (line 141) -* checking subscripts: Code Gen Options. (line 141) +* checking array temporaries: Code Gen Options. (line 143) +* checking subscripts: Code Gen Options. (line 143) * CHMOD: CHMOD. (line 6) +* clock ticks <1>: SYSTEM_CLOCK. (line 6) +* clock ticks <2>: MCLOCK8. (line 6) * clock ticks: MCLOCK. (line 6) -* clock ticks <1>: MCLOCK8. (line 6) -* clock ticks <2>: SYSTEM_CLOCK. (line 6) * CLOG: LOG. (line 6) * CMPLX: CMPLX. (line 6) -* coarray, 'IMAGE_INDEX': IMAGE_INDEX. (line 6) -* coarray, lower bound: LCOBOUND. (line 6) -* coarray, 'NUM_IMAGES': NUM_IMAGES. (line 6) -* coarray, 'THIS_IMAGE': THIS_IMAGE. (line 6) -* coarray, upper bound: UCOBOUND. (line 6) +* CO_BROADCAST: CO_BROADCAST. (line 6) +* CO_MAX: CO_MAX. (line 6) +* CO_MIN: CO_MIN. (line 6) +* CO_REDUCE: CO_REDUCE. (line 6) +* CO_SUM: CO_SUM. (line 6) * Coarray, _gfortran_caf_atomic_cas: _gfortran_caf_atomic_cas. (line 6) * Coarray, _gfortran_caf_atomic_define: _gfortran_caf_atomic_define. @@ -19073,10 +19325,10 @@ Keyword Index (line 6) * Coarray, _gfortran_caf_co_sum: _gfortran_caf_co_sum. (line 6) -* Coarray, _gfortran_caf_deregister: _gfortran_caf_register. - (line 6) * Coarray, _gfortran_caf_deregister <1>: _gfortran_caf_deregister. (line 6) +* Coarray, _gfortran_caf_deregister: _gfortran_caf_register. + (line 6) * Coarray, _gfortran_caf_error_stop: _gfortran_caf_error_stop. (line 6) * Coarray, _gfortran_caf_error_stop_str: _gfortran_caf_error_stop_str. @@ -19101,11 +19353,16 @@ Keyword Index (line 6) * Coarray, _gfortran_caf_unlock: _gfortran_caf_unlock. (line 6) -* coarrays: Code Gen Options. (line 127) +* coarray, IMAGE_INDEX: IMAGE_INDEX. (line 6) +* coarray, lower bound: LCOBOUND. (line 6) +* coarray, NUM_IMAGES: NUM_IMAGES. (line 6) +* coarray, THIS_IMAGE: THIS_IMAGE. (line 6) +* coarray, upper bound: UCOBOUND. (line 6) * Coarrays: Coarray Programming. (line 6) +* coarrays: Code Gen Options. (line 129) * code generation, conventions: Code Gen Options. (line 6) -* collating sequence, ASCII: ACHAR. (line 6) * collating sequence, ASCII <1>: IACHAR. (line 6) +* collating sequence, ASCII: ACHAR. (line 6) * Collectives, generic reduction: CO_REDUCE. (line 6) * Collectives, maximal value: CO_MAX. (line 6) * Collectives, minimal value: CO_MIN. (line 6) @@ -19115,19 +19372,19 @@ Keyword Index (line 6) * command options: Invoking GNU Fortran. (line 6) -* command-line arguments: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT. +* command-line arguments <1>: IARGC. (line 6) +* command-line arguments <2>: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT. (line 6) -* command-line arguments <1>: GETARG. (line 6) -* command-line arguments <2>: GET_COMMAND. (line 6) -* command-line arguments <3>: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT. +* command-line arguments <3>: GET_COMMAND. (line 6) +* command-line arguments <4>: GETARG. (line 6) +* command-line arguments: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT. (line 6) -* command-line arguments <4>: IARGC. (line 6) +* command-line arguments, number of <1>: IARGC. (line 6) * command-line arguments, number of: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT. (line 6) -* command-line arguments, number of <1>: IARGC. (line 6) * COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT. (line 6) -* 'COMMON': Volatile COMMON blocks. +* COMMON: Volatile COMMON blocks. (line 6) * compiler flags inquiry function: COMPILER_OPTIONS. (line 6) * compiler, name and version: COMPILER_VERSION. (line 6) @@ -19137,12 +19394,12 @@ Keyword Index * complex conjugate: CONJG. (line 6) * Complex function: Alternate complex function syntax. (line 6) +* complex numbers, conversion to <1>: DCMPLX. (line 6) +* complex numbers, conversion to <2>: COMPLEX. (line 6) * complex numbers, conversion to: CMPLX. (line 6) -* complex numbers, conversion to <1>: COMPLEX. (line 6) -* complex numbers, conversion to <2>: DCMPLX. (line 6) * complex numbers, imaginary part: AIMAG. (line 6) -* complex numbers, real part: DREAL. (line 6) * complex numbers, real part <1>: REAL. (line 6) +* complex numbers, real part: DREAL. (line 6) * Conditional compilation: Preprocessing and conditional compilation. (line 6) * CONJG: CONJG. (line 6) @@ -19152,27 +19409,25 @@ Keyword Index * Contributors: Contributors. (line 6) * conversion: Error and Warning Options. (line 115) -* conversion <1>: Error and Warning Options. - (line 119) * conversion, to character: CHAR. (line 6) +* conversion, to complex <1>: DCMPLX. (line 6) +* conversion, to complex <2>: COMPLEX. (line 6) * conversion, to complex: CMPLX. (line 6) -* conversion, to complex <1>: COMPLEX. (line 6) -* conversion, to complex <2>: DCMPLX. (line 6) +* conversion, to integer <1>: LONG. (line 6) +* conversion, to integer <2>: INT8. (line 6) +* conversion, to integer <3>: INT2. (line 6) +* conversion, to integer <4>: INT. (line 6) +* conversion, to integer <5>: ICHAR. (line 6) +* conversion, to integer <6>: IACHAR. (line 6) * conversion, to integer: Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values. (line 6) -* conversion, to integer <1>: IACHAR. (line 6) -* conversion, to integer <2>: ICHAR. (line 6) -* conversion, to integer <3>: INT. (line 6) -* conversion, to integer <4>: INT2. (line 6) -* conversion, to integer <5>: INT8. (line 6) -* conversion, to integer <6>: LONG. (line 6) +* conversion, to logical <1>: LOGICAL. (line 6) * conversion, to logical: Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values. (line 6) -* conversion, to logical <1>: LOGICAL. (line 6) -* conversion, to real: DBLE. (line 6) * conversion, to real <1>: REAL. (line 6) +* conversion, to real: DBLE. (line 6) * conversion, to string: CTIME. (line 6) -* 'CONVERT' specifier: CONVERT specifier. (line 6) +* CONVERT specifier: CONVERT specifier. (line 6) * core, dump: ABORT. (line 6) * COS: COS. (line 6) * COSH: COSH. (line 6) @@ -19181,35 +19436,24 @@ Keyword Index * cosine, hyperbolic, inverse: ACOSH. (line 6) * cosine, inverse: ACOS. (line 6) * COUNT: COUNT. (line 6) -* CO_BROADCAST: CO_BROADCAST. (line 6) -* CO_MAX: CO_MAX. (line 6) -* CO_MIN: CO_MIN. (line 6) -* CO_REDUCE: CO_REDUCE. (line 6) -* CO_SUM: CO_SUM. (line 6) -* CPP: Preprocessing and conditional compilation. - (line 6) * CPP <1>: Preprocessing Options. (line 6) +* CPP: Preprocessing and conditional compilation. + (line 6) * CPU_TIME: CPU_TIME. (line 6) * Credits: Contributors. (line 6) * CSHIFT: CSHIFT. (line 6) * CSIN: SIN. (line 6) * CSQRT: SQRT. (line 6) * CTIME: CTIME. (line 6) +* current date <1>: IDATE. (line 6) +* current date <2>: FDATE. (line 6) * current date: DATE_AND_TIME. (line 6) -* current date <1>: FDATE. (line 6) -* current date <2>: IDATE. (line 6) +* current time <1>: TIME8. (line 6) +* current time <2>: TIME. (line 6) +* current time <3>: ITIME. (line 6) +* current time <4>: FDATE. (line 6) * current time: DATE_AND_TIME. (line 6) -* current time <1>: FDATE. (line 6) -* current time <2>: ITIME. (line 6) -* current time <3>: TIME. (line 6) -* current time <4>: TIME8. (line 6) -* C_ASSOCIATED: C_ASSOCIATED. (line 6) -* C_FUNLOC: C_FUNLOC. (line 6) -* C_F_POINTER: C_F_POINTER. (line 6) -* C_F_PROCPOINTER: C_F_PROCPOINTER. (line 6) -* C_LOC: C_LOC. (line 6) -* C_SIZEOF: C_SIZEOF. (line 6) * DABS: ABS. (line 6) * DACOS: ACOS. (line 6) * DACOSH: ACOSH. (line 6) @@ -19218,9 +19462,9 @@ Keyword Index * DATAN: ATAN. (line 6) * DATAN2: ATAN2. (line 6) * DATANH: ATANH. (line 6) +* date, current <1>: IDATE. (line 6) +* date, current <2>: FDATE. (line 6) * date, current: DATE_AND_TIME. (line 6) -* date, current <1>: FDATE. (line 6) -* date, current <2>: IDATE. (line 6) * DATE_AND_TIME: DATE_AND_TIME. (line 6) * DBESJ0: BESSEL_J0. (line 6) * DBESJ1: BESSEL_J1. (line 6) @@ -19237,18 +19481,10 @@ Keyword Index * debugging information options: Debugging Options. (line 6) * debugging, preprocessor: Preprocessing Options. (line 26) -* debugging, preprocessor <1>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 35) -* debugging, preprocessor <2>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 41) -* debugging, preprocessor <3>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 44) -* debugging, preprocessor <4>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 51) -* 'DECODE': ENCODE and DECODE statements. +* DECODE: ENCODE and DECODE statements. (line 6) -* delayed execution: ALARM. (line 6) * delayed execution <1>: SLEEP. (line 6) +* delayed execution: ALARM. (line 6) * DEXP: EXP. (line 6) * DFLOAT: REAL. (line 6) * DGAMMA: GAMMA. (line 6) @@ -19258,7 +19494,7 @@ Keyword Index * DIM: DIM. (line 6) * DIMAG: AIMAG. (line 6) * DINT: AINT. (line 6) -* directive, 'INCLUDE': Directory Options. (line 6) +* directive, INCLUDE: Directory Options. (line 6) * directory, options: Directory Options. (line 6) * directory, search paths for inclusion: Directory Options. (line 14) * division, modulo: MODULO. (line 6) @@ -19285,22 +19521,22 @@ Keyword Index * DTIME: DTIME. (line 6) * dummy argument, unused: Error and Warning Options. (line 195) +* elapsed time <1>: SECOND. (line 6) +* elapsed time <2>: SECNDS. (line 6) * elapsed time: DTIME. (line 6) -* elapsed time <1>: SECNDS. (line 6) -* elapsed time <2>: SECOND. (line 6) * Elimination of functions with identical argument lists: Code Gen Options. - (line 339) -* 'ENCODE': ENCODE and DECODE statements. + (line 343) +* ENCODE: ENCODE and DECODE statements. (line 6) -* 'ENUM' statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) -* 'ENUMERATOR' statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) -* environment variable: Environment Variables. +* ENUM statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) +* ENUMERATOR statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) +* environment variable <1>: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE. (line 6) -* environment variable <1>: Runtime. (line 6) * environment variable <2>: GETENV. (line 6) -* environment variable <3>: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE. +* environment variable <3>: Runtime. (line 6) +* environment variable: Environment Variables. (line 6) -* 'EOF': Read/Write after EOF marker. +* EOF: Read/Write after EOF marker. (line 6) * EOSHIFT: EOSHIFT. (line 6) * EPSILON: EPSILON. (line 6) @@ -19324,10 +19560,10 @@ Keyword Index * EXP: EXP. (line 6) * EXPONENT: EXPONENT. (line 6) * exponential function: EXP. (line 6) -* exponential function, inverse: LOG. (line 6) * exponential function, inverse <1>: LOG10. (line 6) -* expression size: C_SIZEOF. (line 6) +* exponential function, inverse: LOG. (line 6) * expression size <1>: SIZEOF. (line 6) +* expression size: C_SIZEOF. (line 6) * EXTENDS_TYPE_OF: EXTENDS_TYPE_OF. (line 6) * extensions: Extensions. (line 6) * extensions, implemented: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran. @@ -19336,8 +19572,7 @@ Keyword Index (line 6) * extra warnings: Error and Warning Options. (line 123) -* 'f2c' calling convention: Code Gen Options. (line 25) -* 'f2c' calling convention <1>: Code Gen Options. (line 110) +* f2c calling convention: Code Gen Options. (line 25) * Factorial function: GAMMA. (line 6) * FDATE: FDATE. (line 6) * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. @@ -19346,29 +19581,25 @@ Keyword Index * FGETC: FGETC. (line 6) * file format, fixed: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 11) -* file format, fixed <1>: Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 57) * file format, free: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 11) -* file format, free <1>: Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 70) * file operation, file number: FNUM. (line 6) * file operation, flush: FLUSH. (line 6) -* file operation, position: FSEEK. (line 6) * file operation, position <1>: FTELL. (line 6) -* file operation, read character: FGET. (line 6) +* file operation, position: FSEEK. (line 6) * file operation, read character <1>: FGETC. (line 6) +* file operation, read character: FGET. (line 6) * file operation, seek: FSEEK. (line 6) -* file operation, write character: FPUT. (line 6) * file operation, write character <1>: FPUTC. (line 6) +* file operation, write character: FPUT. (line 6) * file system, access mode: ACCESS. (line 6) * file system, change access mode: CHMOD. (line 6) -* file system, create link: LINK. (line 6) * file system, create link <1>: SYMLNK. (line 6) +* file system, create link: LINK. (line 6) * file system, file creation mask: UMASK. (line 6) +* file system, file status <1>: STAT. (line 6) +* file system, file status <2>: LSTAT. (line 6) * file system, file status: FSTAT. (line 6) -* file system, file status <1>: LSTAT. (line 6) -* file system, file status <2>: STAT. (line 6) * file system, hard link: LINK. (line 6) * file system, remove file: UNLINK. (line 6) * file system, rename file: RENAME. (line 6) @@ -19378,17 +19609,17 @@ Keyword Index * floating point, exponent: EXPONENT. (line 6) * floating point, fraction: FRACTION. (line 6) * floating point, nearest different: NEAREST. (line 6) -* floating point, relative spacing: RRSPACING. (line 6) * floating point, relative spacing <1>: SPACING. (line 6) +* floating point, relative spacing: RRSPACING. (line 6) * floating point, scale: SCALE. (line 6) * floating point, set exponent: SET_EXPONENT. (line 6) +* floor: FLOOR. (line 6) * FLOOR: FLOOR. (line 6) * floor: AINT. (line 6) -* floor <1>: FLOOR. (line 6) * FLUSH: FLUSH. (line 6) -* 'FLUSH' statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 89) +* FLUSH statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 89) * FNUM: FNUM. (line 6) -* 'FORMAT': Variable FORMAT expressions. +* FORMAT: Variable FORMAT expressions. (line 6) * Fortran 77: GNU Fortran and G77. (line 6) * FPP: Preprocessing and conditional compilation. @@ -19397,20 +19628,24 @@ Keyword Index * FPUTC: FPUTC. (line 6) * FRACTION: FRACTION. (line 6) * FREE: FREE. (line 6) -* Front-end optimization: Code Gen Options. (line 347) +* Front-end optimization: Code Gen Options. (line 351) * FSEEK: FSEEK. (line 6) * FSTAT: FSTAT. (line 6) * FTELL: FTELL. (line 6) * function elimination: Error and Warning Options. (line 212) -* 'g77': GNU Fortran and G77. (line 6) -* 'g77' calling convention: Code Gen Options. (line 25) -* 'g77' calling convention <1>: Code Gen Options. (line 110) +* g77: GNU Fortran and G77. (line 6) +* g77 calling convention: Code Gen Options. (line 25) * GAMMA: GAMMA. (line 6) * Gamma function: GAMMA. (line 6) * Gamma function, logarithm of: LOG_GAMMA. (line 6) * GCC: GNU Fortran and GCC. (line 6) * GERROR: GERROR. (line 6) +* GET_COMMAND: GET_COMMAND. (line 6) +* GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT. + (line 6) +* GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE. + (line 6) * GETARG: GETARG. (line 6) * GETCWD: GETCWD. (line 6) * GETENV: GETENV. (line 6) @@ -19418,11 +19653,6 @@ Keyword Index * GETLOG: GETLOG. (line 6) * GETPID: GETPID. (line 6) * GETUID: GETUID. (line 6) -* GET_COMMAND: GET_COMMAND. (line 6) -* GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT. - (line 6) -* GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE. - (line 6) * GMTIME: GMTIME. (line 6) * GNU Compiler Collection: GNU Fortran and GCC. (line 6) * GNU Fortran command options: Invoking GNU Fortran. @@ -19461,13 +19691,13 @@ Keyword Index * IERRNO: IERRNO. (line 6) * IFIX: INT. (line 6) * IMAG: AIMAG. (line 6) +* IMAGE_INDEX: IMAGE_INDEX. (line 6) * images, cosubscript to image index conversion: IMAGE_INDEX. (line 6) * images, index of this image: THIS_IMAGE. (line 6) * images, number of: NUM_IMAGES. (line 6) -* IMAGE_INDEX: IMAGE_INDEX. (line 6) * IMAGPART: AIMAG. (line 6) -* 'IMPORT' statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 120) -* 'INCLUDE' directive: Directory Options. (line 6) +* IMPORT statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 122) +* INCLUDE directive: Directory Options. (line 6) * inclusion, directory search paths for: Directory Options. (line 14) * INDEX: INDEX intrinsic. (line 6) * INT: INT. (line 6) @@ -19478,8 +19708,6 @@ Keyword Index (line 6) * intrinsic: Error and Warning Options. (line 184) -* intrinsic <1>: Error and Warning Options. - (line 191) * intrinsic Modules: Intrinsic Modules. (line 6) * intrinsic procedures: Intrinsic Procedures. (line 6) @@ -19487,26 +19715,26 @@ Keyword Index * inverse hyperbolic cosine: ACOSH. (line 6) * inverse hyperbolic sine: ASINH. (line 6) * inverse hyperbolic tangent: ATANH. (line 6) -* 'IOMSG=' specifier: Fortran 2003 status. (line 91) +* IOMSG= specifier: Fortran 2003 status. (line 91) * IOR: IOR. (line 6) -* 'IOSTAT', end of file: IS_IOSTAT_END. (line 6) -* 'IOSTAT', end of record: IS_IOSTAT_EOR. (line 6) +* IOSTAT, end of file: IS_IOSTAT_END. (line 6) +* IOSTAT, end of record: IS_IOSTAT_EOR. (line 6) * IPARITY: IPARITY. (line 6) * IRAND: IRAND. (line 6) +* IS_IOSTAT_END: IS_IOSTAT_END. (line 6) +* IS_IOSTAT_EOR: IS_IOSTAT_EOR. (line 6) * ISATTY: ISATTY. (line 6) * ISHFT: ISHFT. (line 6) * ISHFTC: ISHFTC. (line 6) * ISIGN: SIGN. (line 6) * ISNAN: ISNAN. (line 6) -* 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV' statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 128) -* IS_IOSTAT_END: IS_IOSTAT_END. (line 6) -* IS_IOSTAT_EOR: IS_IOSTAT_EOR. (line 6) +* ISO_FORTRAN_ENV statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 130) * ITIME: ITIME. (line 6) * KILL: KILL. (line 6) +* kind: KIND. (line 6) +* KIND: KIND. (line 6) * kind: KIND Type Parameters. (line 6) -* KIND: KIND. (line 6) -* kind <1>: KIND. (line 6) * kind, character: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND. (line 6) * kind, integer: SELECTED_INT_KIND. (line 6) * kind, old-style: Old-style kind specifications. @@ -19521,15 +19749,14 @@ Keyword Index * left shift, combined: DSHIFTL. (line 6) * LEN: LEN. (line 6) * LEN_TRIM: LEN_TRIM. (line 6) -* lexical comparison of strings: LGE. (line 6) -* lexical comparison of strings <1>: LGT. (line 6) +* lexical comparison of strings <1>: LLT. (line 6) * lexical comparison of strings <2>: LLE. (line 6) -* lexical comparison of strings <3>: LLT. (line 6) +* lexical comparison of strings <3>: LGT. (line 6) +* lexical comparison of strings: LGE. (line 6) * LGAMMA: LOG_GAMMA. (line 6) * LGE: LGE. (line 6) * LGT: LGT. (line 6) * libf2c calling convention: Code Gen Options. (line 25) -* libf2c calling convention <1>: Code Gen Options. (line 110) * libgfortran initialization, set_args: _gfortran_set_args. (line 6) * libgfortran initialization, set_convert: _gfortran_set_convert. (line 6) @@ -19551,21 +19778,21 @@ Keyword Index * location of a variable in memory: LOC. (line 6) * LOG: LOG. (line 6) * LOG10: LOG10. (line 6) +* LOG_GAMMA: LOG_GAMMA. (line 6) * logarithm function: LOG. (line 6) * logarithm function with base 10: LOG10. (line 6) * logarithm function, inverse: EXP. (line 6) * LOGICAL: LOGICAL. (line 6) -* logical and, bitwise: AND. (line 6) * logical and, bitwise <1>: IAND. (line 6) -* logical exclusive or, bitwise: IEOR. (line 6) +* logical and, bitwise: AND. (line 6) * logical exclusive or, bitwise <1>: XOR. (line 6) +* logical exclusive or, bitwise: IEOR. (line 6) * logical not, bitwise: NOT. (line 6) -* logical or, bitwise: IOR. (line 6) * logical or, bitwise <1>: OR. (line 6) +* logical or, bitwise: IOR. (line 6) * logical, variable representation: Internal representation of LOGICAL variables. (line 6) * login name: GETLOG. (line 6) -* LOG_GAMMA: LOG_GAMMA. (line 6) * LONG: LONG. (line 6) * LSHIFT: LSHIFT. (line 6) * LSTAT: LSTAT. (line 6) @@ -19582,13 +19809,13 @@ Keyword Index * MAX0: MAX. (line 6) * MAX1: MAX. (line 6) * MAXEXPONENT: MAXEXPONENT. (line 6) -* maximum value: MAX. (line 6) * maximum value <1>: MAXVAL. (line 6) +* maximum value: MAX. (line 6) * MAXLOC: MAXLOC. (line 6) * MAXVAL: MAXVAL. (line 6) * MCLOCK: MCLOCK. (line 6) * MCLOCK8: MCLOCK8. (line 6) -* memory checking: Code Gen Options. (line 141) +* memory checking: Code Gen Options. (line 143) * MERGE: MERGE. (line 6) * MERGE_BITS: MERGE_BITS. (line 6) * messages, error: Error and Warning Options. @@ -19599,8 +19826,8 @@ Keyword Index * MIN0: MIN. (line 6) * MIN1: MIN. (line 6) * MINEXPONENT: MINEXPONENT. (line 6) -* minimum value: MIN. (line 6) * minimum value <1>: MINVAL. (line 6) +* minimum value: MIN. (line 6) * MINLOC: MINLOC. (line 6) * MINVAL: MINVAL. (line 6) * Mixed-language programming: Mixed-Language Programming. @@ -19619,10 +19846,8 @@ Keyword Index * module entities: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 52) * module search path: Directory Options. (line 14) -* module search path <1>: Directory Options. (line 29) -* module search path <2>: Directory Options. (line 36) -* MODULO: MODULO. (line 6) * modulo: MODULO. (line 6) +* MODULO: MODULO. (line 6) * MOVE_ALLOC: MOVE_ALLOC. (line 6) * moving allocation: MOVE_ALLOC. (line 6) * multiply array elements: PRODUCT. (line 6) @@ -19631,8 +19856,8 @@ Keyword Index (line 6) * natural logarithm function: LOG. (line 6) * NEAREST: NEAREST. (line 6) -* newline: NEW_LINE. (line 6) * NEW_LINE: NEW_LINE. (line 6) +* newline: NEW_LINE. (line 6) * NINT: NINT. (line 6) * norm, Euclidean: NORM2. (line 6) * NORM2: NORM2. (line 6) @@ -19641,12 +19866,12 @@ Keyword Index * NUM_IMAGES: NUM_IMAGES. (line 6) * open, action: Files opened without an explicit ACTION= specifier. (line 6) +* OpenACC <1>: OpenACC. (line 6) * OpenACC: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 90) -* OpenACC <1>: OpenACC. (line 6) -* OpenMP: Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 101) * OpenMP <1>: OpenMP. (line 6) +* OpenMP: Fortran Dialect Options. + (line 102) * operators, unary: Unary operators. (line 6) * options inquiry function: COMPILER_OPTIONS. (line 6) * options, code generation: Code Gen Options. (line 6) @@ -19658,7 +19883,7 @@ Keyword Index (line 6) * options, Fortran dialect: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 11) -* options, 'gfortran' command: Invoking GNU Fortran. +* options, gfortran command: Invoking GNU Fortran. (line 6) * options, linking: Link Options. (line 6) * options, negative forms: Invoking GNU Fortran. @@ -19666,7 +19891,7 @@ Keyword Index * options, preprocessor: Preprocessing Options. (line 6) * options, real kind type promotion: Fortran Dialect Options. - (line 159) + (line 161) * options, run-time: Code Gen Options. (line 6) * options, runtime: Runtime Options. (line 6) * options, warnings: Error and Warning Options. @@ -19674,24 +19899,22 @@ Keyword Index * OR: OR. (line 6) * output, newline: NEW_LINE. (line 6) * PACK: PACK. (line 6) -* PARITY: PARITY. (line 6) -* Parity: PARITY. (line 6) * parity: POPPAR. (line 6) +* Parity: PARITY. (line 6) +* PARITY: PARITY. (line 6) * paths, search: Directory Options. (line 14) -* paths, search <1>: Directory Options. (line 29) -* paths, search <2>: Directory Options. (line 36) * PERROR: PERROR. (line 6) -* pointer checking: Code Gen Options. (line 141) +* pointer checking: Code Gen Options. (line 143) * pointer, C address of pointers: C_F_PROCPOINTER. (line 6) * pointer, C address of procedures: C_FUNLOC. (line 6) * pointer, C association status: C_ASSOCIATED. (line 6) * pointer, convert C to Fortran: C_F_POINTER. (line 6) -* pointer, Cray: Cray pointers. (line 6) -* pointer, cray: FREE. (line 6) * pointer, cray <1>: MALLOC. (line 6) +* pointer, cray: FREE. (line 6) +* pointer, Cray: Cray pointers. (line 6) * pointer, disassociated: NULL. (line 6) -* pointer, status: ASSOCIATED. (line 6) * pointer, status <1>: NULL. (line 6) +* pointer, status: ASSOCIATED. (line 6) * POPCNT: POPCNT. (line 6) * POPPAR: POPPAR. (line 6) * positive difference: DIM. (line 6) @@ -19699,45 +19922,21 @@ Keyword Index * Preprocessing: Preprocessing and conditional compilation. (line 6) * preprocessing, assertion: Preprocessing Options. - (line 113) -* preprocessing, assertion <1>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 119) + (line 114) * preprocessing, define macros: Preprocessing Options. - (line 151) -* preprocessing, define macros <1>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 154) + (line 153) * preprocessing, include path: Preprocessing Options. - (line 69) -* preprocessing, include path <1>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 76) -* preprocessing, include path <2>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 80) -* preprocessing, include path <3>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 85) -* preprocessing, include path <4>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 89) -* preprocessing, include path <5>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 96) + (line 70) * preprocessing, keep comments: Preprocessing Options. - (line 122) -* preprocessing, keep comments <1>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 137) + (line 123) * preprocessing, no linemarkers: Preprocessing Options. - (line 179) + (line 181) * preprocessing, undefine macros: Preprocessing Options. - (line 185) + (line 187) * preprocessor: Preprocessing Options. (line 6) * preprocessor, debugging: Preprocessing Options. (line 26) -* preprocessor, debugging <1>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 35) -* preprocessor, debugging <2>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 41) -* preprocessor, debugging <3>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 44) -* preprocessor, debugging <4>: Preprocessing Options. - (line 51) * preprocessor, disable: Preprocessing Options. (line 12) * preprocessor, enable: Preprocessing Options. @@ -19757,80 +19956,80 @@ Keyword Index * product, vector: DOT_PRODUCT. (line 6) * program termination: EXIT. (line 6) * program termination, with core dump: ABORT. (line 6) -* 'PROTECTED' statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 114) -* 'Q' exponent-letter: 'Q' exponent-letter. (line 6) +* PROTECTED statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 116) +* Q exponent-letter: Q exponent-letter. (line 6) * RADIX: RADIX. (line 6) * radix, real: SELECTED_REAL_KIND. (line 6) * RAN: RAN. (line 6) * RAND: RAND. (line 6) -* random number generation: IRAND. (line 6) -* random number generation <1>: RAN. (line 6) +* random number generation <1>: RANDOM_NUMBER. (line 6) * random number generation <2>: RAND. (line 6) -* random number generation <3>: RANDOM_NUMBER. (line 6) -* random number generation, seeding: RANDOM_SEED. (line 6) +* random number generation <3>: RAN. (line 6) +* random number generation: IRAND. (line 6) * random number generation, seeding <1>: SRAND. (line 6) +* random number generation, seeding: RANDOM_SEED. (line 6) * RANDOM_NUMBER: RANDOM_NUMBER. (line 6) * RANDOM_SEED: RANDOM_SEED. (line 6) * RANGE: RANGE. (line 6) -* range checking: Code Gen Options. (line 141) -* RANK: RANK. (line 6) +* range checking: Code Gen Options. (line 143) * rank: RANK. (line 6) +* RANK: RANK. (line 6) * re-association of parenthesized expressions: Code Gen Options. - (line 324) -* read character, stream mode: FGET. (line 6) + (line 328) * read character, stream mode <1>: FGETC. (line 6) +* read character, stream mode: FGET. (line 6) * REAL: REAL. (line 6) * real kind: SELECTED_REAL_KIND. (line 6) * real number, exponent: EXPONENT. (line 6) * real number, fraction: FRACTION. (line 6) * real number, nearest different: NEAREST. (line 6) -* real number, relative spacing: RRSPACING. (line 6) * real number, relative spacing <1>: SPACING. (line 6) +* real number, relative spacing: RRSPACING. (line 6) * real number, scale: SCALE. (line 6) * real number, set exponent: SET_EXPONENT. (line 6) -* Reallocate the LHS in assignments: Code Gen Options. (line 333) +* Reallocate the LHS in assignments: Code Gen Options. (line 337) * Reallocate the LHS in assignments, notification: Error and Warning Options. (line 216) * REALPART: REAL. (line 6) -* 'RECORD': STRUCTURE and RECORD. +* RECORD: STRUCTURE and RECORD. (line 6) * Reduction, XOR: PARITY. (line 6) * remainder: MOD. (line 6) * RENAME: RENAME. (line 6) -* repacking arrays: Code Gen Options. (line 243) +* repacking arrays: Code Gen Options. (line 244) * REPEAT: REPEAT. (line 6) * RESHAPE: RESHAPE. (line 6) -* 'REWIND': Read/Write after EOF marker. +* REWIND: Read/Write after EOF marker. (line 6) * right shift, combined: DSHIFTR. (line 6) * root: SQRT. (line 6) -* rounding, ceiling: ANINT. (line 6) * rounding, ceiling <1>: CEILING. (line 6) -* rounding, floor: AINT. (line 6) +* rounding, ceiling: ANINT. (line 6) * rounding, floor <1>: FLOOR. (line 6) +* rounding, floor: AINT. (line 6) * rounding, nearest whole number: NINT. (line 6) * RRSPACING: RRSPACING. (line 6) * RSHIFT: RSHIFT. (line 6) -* run-time checking: Code Gen Options. (line 141) +* run-time checking: Code Gen Options. (line 143) * SAME_TYPE_AS: SAME_TYPE_AS. (line 6) -* 'SAVE' statement: Code Gen Options. (line 15) +* SAVE statement: Code Gen Options. (line 15) * SCALE: SCALE. (line 6) * SCAN: SCAN. (line 6) * search path: Directory Options. (line 6) * search paths, for included files: Directory Options. (line 14) * SECNDS: SECNDS. (line 6) * SECOND: SECOND. (line 6) -* seeding a random number generator: RANDOM_SEED. (line 6) * seeding a random number generator <1>: SRAND. (line 6) +* seeding a random number generator: RANDOM_SEED. (line 6) * SELECTED_CHAR_KIND: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND. (line 6) * SELECTED_INT_KIND: SELECTED_INT_KIND. (line 6) * SELECTED_REAL_KIND: SELECTED_REAL_KIND. (line 6) * SET_EXPONENT: SET_EXPONENT. (line 6) * SHAPE: SHAPE. (line 6) -* shift, left: DSHIFTL. (line 6) * shift, left <1>: SHIFTL. (line 6) -* shift, right: DSHIFTR. (line 6) +* shift, left: DSHIFTL. (line 6) * shift, right <1>: SHIFTR. (line 6) +* shift, right: DSHIFTR. (line 6) * shift, right with fill: SHIFTA. (line 6) * SHIFTA: SHIFTA. (line 6) * SHIFTL: SHIFTL. (line 6) @@ -19847,8 +20046,8 @@ Keyword Index * SINH: SINH. (line 6) * SIZE: SIZE. (line 6) * size of a variable, in bits: BIT_SIZE. (line 6) -* size of an expression: C_SIZEOF. (line 6) * size of an expression <1>: SIZEOF. (line 6) +* size of an expression: C_SIZEOF. (line 6) * SIZEOF: SIZEOF. (line 6) * SLEEP: SLEEP. (line 6) * SNGL: REAL. (line 6) @@ -19859,29 +20058,29 @@ Keyword Index * SRAND: SRAND. (line 6) * Standards: Standards. (line 6) * STAT: STAT. (line 6) -* statement, 'ENUM': Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) -* statement, 'ENUMERATOR': Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) -* statement, 'FLUSH': Fortran 2003 status. (line 89) -* statement, 'IMPORT': Fortran 2003 status. (line 120) -* statement, 'ISO_FORTRAN_ENV': Fortran 2003 status. (line 128) -* statement, 'PROTECTED': Fortran 2003 status. (line 114) -* statement, 'SAVE': Code Gen Options. (line 15) -* statement, 'USE, INTRINSIC': Fortran 2003 status. (line 128) -* statement, 'VALUE': Fortran 2003 status. (line 116) -* statement, 'VOLATILE': Fortran 2003 status. (line 118) +* statement, ENUM: Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) +* statement, ENUMERATOR: Fortran 2003 status. (line 93) +* statement, FLUSH: Fortran 2003 status. (line 89) +* statement, IMPORT: Fortran 2003 status. (line 122) +* statement, ISO_FORTRAN_ENV: Fortran 2003 status. (line 130) +* statement, PROTECTED: Fortran 2003 status. (line 116) +* statement, SAVE: Code Gen Options. (line 15) +* statement, USE, INTRINSIC: Fortran 2003 status. (line 130) +* statement, VALUE: Fortran 2003 status. (line 118) +* statement, VOLATILE: Fortran 2003 status. (line 120) * storage size: STORAGE_SIZE. (line 6) * STORAGE_SIZE: STORAGE_SIZE. (line 6) -* 'STREAM' I/O: Fortran 2003 status. (line 103) -* stream mode, read character: FGET. (line 6) +* STREAM I/O: Fortran 2003 status. (line 105) * stream mode, read character <1>: FGETC. (line 6) -* stream mode, write character: FPUT. (line 6) +* stream mode, read character: FGET. (line 6) * stream mode, write character <1>: FPUTC. (line 6) +* stream mode, write character: FPUT. (line 6) * string, adjust left: ADJUSTL. (line 6) * string, adjust right: ADJUSTR. (line 6) -* string, comparison: LGE. (line 6) -* string, comparison <1>: LGT. (line 6) +* string, comparison <1>: LLT. (line 6) * string, comparison <2>: LLE. (line 6) -* string, comparison <3>: LLT. (line 6) +* string, comparison <3>: LGT. (line 6) +* string, comparison: LGE. (line 6) * string, concatenate: REPEAT. (line 6) * string, find missing set: VERIFY. (line 6) * string, find non-blank character: LNBLNK. (line 6) @@ -19893,10 +20092,10 @@ Keyword Index * string, repeat: REPEAT. (line 6) * strings, varying length: Varying Length Character Strings. (line 6) -* 'STRUCTURE': STRUCTURE and RECORD. +* STRUCTURE: STRUCTURE and RECORD. (line 6) -* structure packing: Code Gen Options. (line 237) -* subscript checking: Code Gen Options. (line 141) +* structure packing: Code Gen Options. (line 238) +* subscript checking: Code Gen Options. (line 143) * substring position: INDEX intrinsic. (line 6) * SUM: SUM. (line 6) * sum array elements: SUM. (line 6) @@ -19905,29 +20104,27 @@ Keyword Index * symbol names: Fortran Dialect Options. (line 34) * symbol names, transforming: Code Gen Options. (line 54) -* symbol names, transforming <1>: Code Gen Options. (line 110) * symbol names, underscores: Code Gen Options. (line 54) -* symbol names, underscores <1>: Code Gen Options. (line 110) * SYMLNK: SYMLNK. (line 6) * syntax checking: Error and Warning Options. (line 33) * SYSTEM: SYSTEM. (line 6) +* system, error handling <1>: PERROR. (line 6) +* system, error handling <2>: IERRNO. (line 6) * system, error handling: GERROR. (line 6) -* system, error handling <1>: IERRNO. (line 6) -* system, error handling <2>: PERROR. (line 6) * system, group ID: GETGID. (line 6) * system, host name: HOSTNM. (line 6) * system, login name: GETLOG. (line 6) * system, process ID: GETPID. (line 6) * system, signal handling: SIGNAL. (line 6) +* system, system call <1>: SYSTEM. (line 6) * system, system call: EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE. (line 6) -* system, system call <1>: SYSTEM. (line 6) -* system, terminal: ISATTY. (line 6) * system, terminal <1>: TTYNAM. (line 6) +* system, terminal: ISATTY. (line 6) * system, user ID: GETUID. (line 6) -* system, working directory: CHDIR. (line 6) * system, working directory <1>: GETCWD. (line 6) +* system, working directory: CHDIR. (line 6) * SYSTEM_CLOCK: SYSTEM_CLOCK. (line 6) * tabulators: Error and Warning Options. (line 171) @@ -19935,8 +20132,8 @@ Keyword Index * tangent: TAN. (line 6) * tangent, hyperbolic: TANH. (line 6) * tangent, hyperbolic, inverse: ATANH. (line 6) -* tangent, inverse: ATAN. (line 6) * tangent, inverse <1>: ATAN2. (line 6) +* tangent, inverse: ATAN. (line 6) * TANH: TANH. (line 6) * terminate program: EXIT. (line 6) * terminate program, with core dump: ABORT. (line 6) @@ -19944,39 +20141,38 @@ Keyword Index * thread-safety, threads: Thread-safety of the runtime library. (line 6) * TIME: TIME. (line 6) +* time, clock ticks <1>: SYSTEM_CLOCK. (line 6) +* time, clock ticks <2>: MCLOCK8. (line 6) * time, clock ticks: MCLOCK. (line 6) -* time, clock ticks <1>: MCLOCK8. (line 6) -* time, clock ticks <2>: SYSTEM_CLOCK. (line 6) * time, conversion to GMT info: GMTIME. (line 6) * time, conversion to local time info: LTIME. (line 6) * time, conversion to string: CTIME. (line 6) +* time, current <1>: TIME8. (line 6) +* time, current <2>: TIME. (line 6) +* time, current <3>: ITIME. (line 6) +* time, current <4>: FDATE. (line 6) * time, current: DATE_AND_TIME. (line 6) -* time, current <1>: FDATE. (line 6) -* time, current <2>: ITIME. (line 6) -* time, current <3>: TIME. (line 6) -* time, current <4>: TIME8. (line 6) +* time, elapsed <1>: SECOND. (line 6) +* time, elapsed <2>: SECNDS. (line 6) +* time, elapsed <3>: ETIME. (line 6) +* time, elapsed <4>: DTIME. (line 6) * time, elapsed: CPU_TIME. (line 6) -* time, elapsed <1>: DTIME. (line 6) -* time, elapsed <2>: ETIME. (line 6) -* time, elapsed <3>: SECNDS. (line 6) -* time, elapsed <4>: SECOND. (line 6) * TIME8: TIME8. (line 6) * TINY: TINY. (line 6) * TR 15581: Fortran 2003 status. (line 98) -* trace: Debugging Options. (line 61) +* trace: Debugging Options. (line 62) * TRAILZ: TRAILZ. (line 6) * TRANSFER: TRANSFER. (line 6) * transforming symbol names: Code Gen Options. (line 54) -* transforming symbol names <1>: Code Gen Options. (line 110) -* TRANSPOSE: TRANSPOSE. (line 6) * transpose: TRANSPOSE. (line 6) +* TRANSPOSE: TRANSPOSE. (line 6) * trigonometric function, cosine: COS. (line 6) * trigonometric function, cosine, inverse: ACOS. (line 6) * trigonometric function, sine: SIN. (line 6) * trigonometric function, sine, inverse: ASIN. (line 6) * trigonometric function, tangent: TAN. (line 6) -* trigonometric function, tangent, inverse: ATAN. (line 6) * trigonometric function, tangent, inverse <1>: ATAN2. (line 6) +* trigonometric function, tangent, inverse: ATAN. (line 6) * TRIM: TRIM. (line 6) * TTYNAM: TTYNAM. (line 6) * type cast: TRANSFER. (line 6) @@ -19986,16 +20182,15 @@ Keyword Index * underflow: Error and Warning Options. (line 179) * underscore: Code Gen Options. (line 54) -* underscore <1>: Code Gen Options. (line 110) * UNLINK: UNLINK. (line 6) * UNPACK: UNPACK. (line 6) * unused dummy argument: Error and Warning Options. (line 195) * unused parameter: Error and Warning Options. (line 199) -* 'USE, INTRINSIC' statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 128) +* USE, INTRINSIC statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 130) * user id: GETUID. (line 6) -* 'VALUE' statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 116) +* VALUE statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 118) * Varying length character strings: Varying Length Character Strings. (line 6) * Varying length strings: Varying Length Character Strings. @@ -20003,14 +20198,14 @@ Keyword Index * vector product: DOT_PRODUCT. (line 6) * VERIFY: VERIFY. (line 6) * version of the compiler: COMPILER_VERSION. (line 6) -* 'VOLATILE': Volatile COMMON blocks. +* VOLATILE: Volatile COMMON blocks. (line 6) -* 'VOLATILE' statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 118) +* VOLATILE statement: Fortran 2003 status. (line 120) * warning, C binding type: Error and Warning Options. (line 99) * warnings, aliasing: Error and Warning Options. (line 69) -* warnings, alignment of 'COMMON' blocks: Error and Warning Options. +* warnings, alignment of COMMON blocks: Error and Warning Options. (line 206) * warnings, all: Error and Warning Options. (line 61) @@ -20022,8 +20217,6 @@ Keyword Index (line 106) * warnings, conversion: Error and Warning Options. (line 115) -* warnings, conversion <1>: Error and Warning Options. - (line 119) * warnings, extra: Error and Warning Options. (line 123) * warnings, function elimination: Error and Warning Options. @@ -20040,7 +20233,7 @@ Keyword Index (line 109) * warnings, non-standard intrinsics: Error and Warning Options. (line 138) -* warnings, 'q' exponent-letter: Error and Warning Options. +* warnings, q exponent-letter: Error and Warning Options. (line 145) * warnings, suppressing: Error and Warning Options. (line 6) @@ -20049,7 +20242,7 @@ Keyword Index * warnings, tabs: Error and Warning Options. (line 171) * warnings, to errors: Error and Warning Options. - (line 245) + (line 246) * warnings, underflow: Error and Warning Options. (line 179) * warnings, unused dummy argument: Error and Warning Options. @@ -20058,14 +20251,14 @@ Keyword Index (line 199) * warnings, use statements: Error and Warning Options. (line 191) -* write character, stream mode: FPUT. (line 6) * write character, stream mode <1>: FPUTC. (line 6) +* write character, stream mode: FPUT. (line 6) * XOR: XOR. (line 6) * XOR reduction: PARITY. (line 6) * ZABS: ABS. (line 6) * ZCOS: COS. (line 6) -* zero bits: LEADZ. (line 6) * zero bits <1>: TRAILZ. (line 6) +* zero bits: LEADZ. (line 6) * ZEXP: EXP. (line 6) * ZLOG: LOG. (line 6) * ZSIN: SIN. (line 6) @@ -20074,411 +20267,411 @@ Keyword Index Tag Table: -Node: Top1950 -Node: Introduction3361 -Node: About GNU Fortran4110 -Node: GNU Fortran and GCC8099 -Node: Preprocessing and conditional compilation10213 -Node: GNU Fortran and G7711858 -Node: Project Status12431 -Node: Standards15132 -Node: Varying Length Character Strings16421 -Node: Invoking GNU Fortran17173 -Node: Option Summary18896 -Node: Fortran Dialect Options22337 -Node: Preprocessing Options31604 -Node: Error and Warning Options39845 -Node: Debugging Options50403 -Node: Directory Options53871 -Node: Link Options55306 -Node: Runtime Options55932 -Node: Code Gen Options57839 -Node: Environment Variables74002 -Node: Runtime74607 -Node: TMPDIR75707 -Node: GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT76377 -Node: GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT76759 -Node: GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT77160 -Node: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL77562 -Node: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED78093 -Node: GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS78737 -Node: GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS79233 -Node: GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL79709 -Node: GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR80197 -Node: GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT80806 -Node: GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE83661 -Node: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status84218 -Node: Fortran 2003 status84478 -Node: Fortran 2008 status89721 -Node: TS 29113 status94571 -Node: Compiler Characteristics95549 -Node: KIND Type Parameters96140 -Node: Internal representation of LOGICAL variables97568 -Node: Thread-safety of the runtime library98428 -Node: Data consistency and durability100831 -Node: Files opened without an explicit ACTION= specifier103944 -Node: Extensions104593 -Node: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran105198 -Node: Old-style kind specifications106599 -Node: Old-style variable initialization107701 -Node: Extensions to namelist109013 -Node: X format descriptor without count field111316 -Node: Commas in FORMAT specifications111843 -Node: Missing period in FORMAT specifications112360 -Node: I/O item lists112922 -Node: 'Q' exponent-letter113309 -Node: BOZ literal constants113909 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-Node: UBOUND572788 -Node: UCOBOUND574178 -Node: UMASK575315 -Node: UNLINK575997 -Node: UNPACK576977 -Node: VERIFY578272 -Node: XOR580001 -Node: Intrinsic Modules581374 -Node: ISO_FORTRAN_ENV581663 -Node: ISO_C_BINDING586066 -Node: IEEE modules589772 -Node: OpenMP Modules OMP_LIB and OMP_LIB_KINDS590915 -Node: OpenACC Module OPENACC592450 -Node: Contributing593377 -Node: Contributors594231 -Node: Projects595862 -Node: Proposed Extensions596669 -Node: Copying598679 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License636225 -Node: Funding661349 -Node: Option Index663875 -Node: Keyword Index679287 +Node: Top2004 +Node: Introduction3415 +Node: About GNU Fortran4164 +Node: GNU Fortran and GCC8153 +Node: Preprocessing and conditional compilation10267 +Node: GNU Fortran and G7711911 +Node: Project Status12484 +Node: Standards15187 +Node: Varying Length Character Strings16480 +Node: Invoking GNU Fortran17231 +Node: Option Summary18954 +Node: Fortran Dialect Options22387 +Node: Preprocessing Options31660 +Node: Error and Warning Options39891 +Node: Debugging Options50440 +Node: Directory Options53912 +Node: Link Options55347 +Node: Runtime Options55971 +Node: Code Gen Options57876 +Node: Environment Variables74031 +Node: Runtime74636 +Node: TMPDIR75738 +Node: GFORTRAN_STDIN_UNIT76407 +Node: GFORTRAN_STDOUT_UNIT76789 +Node: GFORTRAN_STDERR_UNIT77190 +Node: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_ALL77592 +Node: GFORTRAN_UNBUFFERED_PRECONNECTED78123 +Node: GFORTRAN_SHOW_LOCUS78767 +Node: GFORTRAN_OPTIONAL_PLUS79263 +Node: GFORTRAN_DEFAULT_RECL79739 +Node: GFORTRAN_LIST_SEPARATOR80228 +Node: GFORTRAN_CONVERT_UNIT80837 +Node: GFORTRAN_ERROR_BACKTRACE83700 +Node: Fortran 2003 and 2008 status84257 +Node: Fortran 2003 status84517 +Node: Fortran 2008 status89758 +Node: TS 29113 status94608 +Node: Compiler Characteristics95585 +Node: KIND Type Parameters96176 +Node: Internal representation of LOGICAL variables97605 +Node: Thread-safety of the runtime library98465 +Node: Data consistency and durability100869 +Node: Files opened without an explicit ACTION= specifier103970 +Node: Extensions104622 +Node: Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran105227 +Node: Old-style kind specifications106629 +Node: Old-style variable initialization107736 +Node: Extensions to namelist109048 +Node: X format descriptor without count field111350 +Node: Commas in FORMAT specifications111877 +Node: Missing period in FORMAT specifications112394 +Node: I/O item lists112956 +Node: `Q' exponent-letter113343 +Node: BOZ literal constants113943 +Node: Real array indices116522 +Node: Unary operators116821 +Node: Implicitly convert LOGICAL and INTEGER values117235 +Node: Hollerith constants support118195 +Node: Cray pointers119967 +Node: CONVERT specifier125414 +Node: OpenMP127412 +Node: OpenACC129670 +Node: Argument list functions130980 +Node: Read/Write after EOF marker132624 +Node: Extensions not implemented in GNU Fortran133197 +Node: STRUCTURE and RECORD134146 +Node: ENCODE and DECODE statements136582 +Node: Variable FORMAT expressions137942 +Node: Alternate complex function syntax139047 +Node: Volatile COMMON blocks139598 +Node: Mixed-Language Programming140074 +Node: Interoperability with C140657 +Node: Intrinsic Types141995 +Node: Derived Types and struct142991 +Node: Interoperable Global Variables144348 +Node: Interoperable Subroutines and Functions145624 +Node: Working with Pointers149420 +Node: Further Interoperability of Fortran with C153896 +Node: GNU Fortran Compiler Directives157245 +Node: Non-Fortran Main Program160499 +Node: _gfortran_set_args162689 +Node: _gfortran_set_options163624 +Node: _gfortran_set_convert166991 +Node: _gfortran_set_record_marker167855 +Node: _gfortran_set_fpe168663 +Node: _gfortran_set_max_subrecord_length169855 +Node: Naming and argument-passing conventions170775 +Node: Naming conventions171494 +Node: Argument passing conventions172964 +Node: Coarray Programming177460 +Node: Type and enum ABI Documentation177707 +Node: caf_token_t177949 +Node: caf_register_t178184 +Node: Function ABI Documentation178583 +Node: _gfortran_caf_init180178 +Node: _gfortran_caf_finish181615 +Node: _gfortran_caf_this_image182554 +Node: _gfortran_caf_num_images183305 +Node: _gfortran_caf_register184406 +Node: _gfortran_caf_deregister187337 +Node: _gfortran_caf_send188444 +Node: _gfortran_caf_get191238 +Node: _gfortran_caf_sendget193907 +Node: _gfortran_caf_lock197323 +Node: _gfortran_caf_unlock199084 +Node: _gfortran_caf_sync_all200515 +Node: _gfortran_caf_sync_images201424 +Node: _gfortran_caf_sync_memory202921 +Node: _gfortran_caf_error_stop203893 +Node: _gfortran_caf_error_stop_str204489 +Node: _gfortran_caf_atomic_define205157 +Node: _gfortran_caf_atomic_ref206344 +Node: _gfortran_caf_atomic_cas207551 +Node: _gfortran_caf_atomic_op209174 +Node: _gfortran_caf_co_broadcast211132 +Node: _gfortran_caf_co_max212197 +Node: _gfortran_caf_co_min213747 +Node: _gfortran_caf_co_sum215291 +Node: _gfortran_caf_co_reduce216747 +Node: Intrinsic Procedures219238 +Node: Introduction to Intrinsics235718 +Node: ABORT238070 +Node: ABS238816 +Node: ACCESS240433 +Node: ACHAR242354 +Node: ACOS243555 +Node: ACOSH244792 +Node: ADJUSTL245780 +Node: ADJUSTR246721 +Node: AIMAG247668 +Node: AINT249049 +Node: ALARM250636 +Node: ALL252270 +Node: ALLOCATED254188 +Node: AND255325 +Node: ANINT256622 +Node: ANY258100 +Node: ASIN260030 +Node: ASINH261256 +Node: ASSOCIATED262254 +Node: ATAN265259 +Node: ATAN2266678 +Node: ATANH268450 +Node: ATOMIC_ADD269447 +Node: ATOMIC_AND270986 +Node: ATOMIC_CAS272581 +Node: ATOMIC_DEFINE274444 +Node: ATOMIC_FETCH_ADD276151 +Node: ATOMIC_FETCH_AND277938 +Node: ATOMIC_FETCH_OR279734 +Node: ATOMIC_FETCH_XOR281522 +Node: ATOMIC_OR283311 +Node: ATOMIC_REF284903 +Node: ATOMIC_XOR286805 +Node: BACKTRACE288397 +Node: BESSEL_J0288976 +Node: BESSEL_J1289984 +Node: BESSEL_JN290993 +Node: BESSEL_Y0292875 +Node: BESSEL_Y1293821 +Node: BESSEL_YN294767 +Node: BGE296599 +Node: BGT297288 +Node: BIT_SIZE297935 +Node: BLE298756 +Node: BLT299435 +Node: BTEST300070 +Node: C_ASSOCIATED300953 +Node: C_F_POINTER302162 +Node: C_F_PROCPOINTER303586 +Node: C_FUNLOC305087 +Node: C_LOC306456 +Node: C_SIZEOF307733 +Node: CEILING309143 +Node: CHAR310148 +Node: CHDIR311352 +Node: CHMOD312520 +Node: CMPLX314383 +Node: CO_BROADCAST315837 +Node: CO_MAX317601 +Node: CO_MIN319473 +Node: CO_REDUCE321331 +Node: CO_SUM324808 +Node: COMMAND_ARGUMENT_COUNT326707 +Node: COMPILER_OPTIONS327631 +Node: COMPILER_VERSION328657 +Node: COMPLEX329621 +Node: CONJG330758 +Node: COS331829 +Node: COSH333275 +Node: COUNT334440 +Node: CPU_TIME336456 +Node: CSHIFT337810 +Node: CTIME339466 +Node: DATE_AND_TIME340976 +Node: DBLE343436 +Node: DCMPLX344229 +Node: DIGITS345423 +Node: DIM346389 +Node: DOT_PRODUCT347647 +Node: DPROD349303 +Node: DREAL350220 +Node: DSHIFTL350886 +Node: DSHIFTR352206 +Node: DTIME353527 +Node: EOSHIFT356330 +Node: EPSILON358403 +Node: ERF359129 +Node: ERFC359903 +Node: ERFC_SCALED360707 +Node: ETIME361399 +Node: EXECUTE_COMMAND_LINE363640 +Node: EXIT366220 +Node: EXP367094 +Node: EXPONENT368367 +Node: EXTENDS_TYPE_OF369127 +Node: FDATE369980 +Node: FGET371462 +Node: FGETC373280 +Node: FLOOR375079 +Node: FLUSH376065 +Node: FNUM377942 +Node: FPUT378666 +Node: FPUTC380293 +Node: FRACTION382066 +Node: FREE382969 +Node: FSEEK383806 +Node: FSTAT386102 +Node: FTELL387184 +Node: GAMMA388164 +Node: GERROR389207 +Node: GETARG389928 +Node: GET_COMMAND391694 +Node: GET_COMMAND_ARGUMENT393060 +Node: GETCWD395096 +Node: GETENV396070 +Node: GET_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE397495 +Node: GETGID399648 +Node: GETLOG400185 +Node: GETPID401045 +Node: GETUID401775 +Node: GMTIME402291 +Node: HOSTNM403780 +Node: HUGE404698 +Node: HYPOT405419 +Node: IACHAR406239 +Node: IALL407419 +Node: IAND408896 +Node: IANY409880 +Node: IARGC411366 +Node: IBCLR412387 +Node: IBITS413048 +Node: IBSET413963 +Node: ICHAR414619 +Node: IDATE416791 +Node: IEOR417818 +Node: IERRNO418694 +Node: IMAGE_INDEX419243 +Node: INDEX intrinsic420267 +Node: INT421808 +Node: INT2423540 +Node: INT8424305 +Node: IOR425017 +Node: IPARITY425869 +Node: IRAND427393 +Node: IS_IOSTAT_END428749 +Node: IS_IOSTAT_EOR429846 +Node: ISATTY430973 +Node: ISHFT431756 +Node: ISHFTC432736 +Node: ISNAN433952 +Node: ITIME434700 +Node: KILL435725 +Node: KIND436629 +Node: LBOUND437474 +Node: LCOBOUND438807 +Node: LEADZ439937 +Node: LEN440797 +Node: LEN_TRIM442078 +Node: LGE443060 +Node: LGT444562 +Node: LINK446029 +Node: LLE447064 +Node: LLT448558 +Node: LNBLNK450018 +Node: LOC450794 +Node: LOG451525 +Node: LOG10452925 +Node: LOG_GAMMA453899 +Node: LOGICAL454988 +Node: LONG455796 +Node: LSHIFT456552 +Node: LSTAT457637 +Node: LTIME458831 +Node: MALLOC460242 +Node: MASKL461701 +Node: MASKR462464 +Node: MATMUL463230 +Node: MAX464319 +Node: MAXEXPONENT465818 +Node: MAXLOC466634 +Node: MAXVAL468653 +Node: MCLOCK470286 +Node: MCLOCK8471310 +Node: MERGE472543 +Node: MERGE_BITS473292 +Node: MIN474153 +Node: MINEXPONENT475654 +Node: MINLOC476284 +Node: MINVAL478303 +Node: MOD479955 +Node: MODULO481700 +Node: MOVE_ALLOC483000 +Node: MVBITS484029 +Node: NEAREST485088 +Node: NEW_LINE486184 +Node: NINT486955 +Node: NORM2488358 +Node: NOT489496 +Node: NULL490080 +Node: NUM_IMAGES490985 +Node: OR492695 +Node: PACK493979 +Node: PARITY495972 +Node: PERROR497187 +Node: POPCNT497808 +Node: POPPAR498679 +Node: PRECISION499730 +Node: PRESENT500616 +Node: PRODUCT501722 +Node: RADIX503247 +Node: RAN504059 +Node: RAND504515 +Node: RANDOM_NUMBER505847 +Node: RANDOM_SEED507564 +Node: RANGE511376 +Node: RANK512072 +Node: REAL512852 +Node: RENAME514627 +Node: REPEAT515646 +Node: RESHAPE516372 +Node: RRSPACING517841 +Node: RSHIFT518534 +Node: SAME_TYPE_AS519672 +Node: SCALE520502 +Node: SCAN521282 +Node: SECNDS522832 +Node: SECOND523920 +Node: SELECTED_CHAR_KIND524796 +Node: SELECTED_INT_KIND526387 +Node: SELECTED_REAL_KIND527562 +Node: SET_EXPONENT530228 +Node: SHAPE531224 +Node: SHIFTA532639 +Node: SHIFTL533600 +Node: SHIFTR534435 +Node: SIGN535271 +Node: SIGNAL536555 +Node: SIN538052 +Node: SINH539150 +Node: SIZE540146 +Node: SIZEOF541454 +Node: SLEEP543104 +Node: SPACING543664 +Node: SPREAD544677 +Node: SQRT545822 +Node: SRAND547176 +Node: STAT548344 +Node: STORAGE_SIZE551511 +Node: SUM552390 +Node: SYMLNK553873 +Node: SYSTEM555005 +Node: SYSTEM_CLOCK556256 +Node: TAN559083 +Node: TANH560055 +Node: THIS_IMAGE561212 +Node: TIME563501 +Node: TIME8564626 +Node: TINY565776 +Node: TRAILZ566376 +Node: TRANSFER567193 +Node: TRANSPOSE569227 +Node: TRIM569914 +Node: TTYNAM570771 +Node: UBOUND571686 +Node: UCOBOUND573076 +Node: UMASK574208 +Node: UNLINK574886 +Node: UNPACK575863 +Node: VERIFY577151 +Node: XOR578872 +Node: Intrinsic Modules580244 +Node: ISO_FORTRAN_ENV580533 +Node: ISO_C_BINDING584919 +Node: IEEE modules589110 +Node: OpenMP Modules OMP_LIB and OMP_LIB_KINDS590255 +Node: OpenACC Module OPENACC591799 +Node: Contributing592726 +Node: Contributors593580 +Node: Projects595247 +Node: Proposed Extensions596052 +Node: Copying598063 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License635627 +Node: Funding660770 +Node: Option Index663295 +Node: Keyword Index678707 End Tag Table diff --git a/gcc/fortran/interface.c b/gcc/fortran/interface.c index 320eb01809..745dd30a6b 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/interface.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/interface.c @@ -346,8 +346,12 @@ gfc_match_end_interface (void) break; m = MATCH_ERROR; - gfc_error ("Expecting %<END INTERFACE OPERATOR (%s)%> at %C, " - "but got %s", s1, s2); + if (strcmp(s2, "none") == 0) + gfc_error ("Expecting %<END INTERFACE OPERATOR (%s)%> " + "at %C, ", s1); + else + gfc_error ("Expecting %<END INTERFACE OPERATOR (%s)%> at %C, " + "but got %s", s1, s2); } } diff --git a/gcc/fortran/intrinsic.texi b/gcc/fortran/intrinsic.texi index c071d46cbc..803e4c73c0 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/intrinsic.texi +++ b/gcc/fortran/intrinsic.texi @@ -8712,7 +8712,7 @@ Elemental function The return value is of type @code{REAL} or @code{COMPLEX}. The kind type parameter is the same as @var{X}. If @var{X} is @code{COMPLEX}, the imaginary part @math{\omega} is in the range -@math{-\pi \leq \omega \leq \pi}. +@math{-\pi < \omega \leq \pi}. @item @emph{Example}: @smallexample diff --git a/gcc/fortran/invoke.texi b/gcc/fortran/invoke.texi index 9228c78232..af123dbbe5 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/invoke.texi +++ b/gcc/fortran/invoke.texi @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ by type. Explanations are in the following sections. -fdefault-real-8 -fdollar-ok -ffixed-line-length-@var{n} @gol -ffixed-line-length-none -ffree-form -ffree-line-length-@var{n} @gol -ffree-line-length-none -fimplicit-none -finteger-4-integer-8 @gol --fmax-identifier-length -fmodule-private -fno-fixed-form -fno-range-check @gol +-fmax-identifier-length -fmodule-private -ffixed-form -fno-range-check @gol -fopenacc -fopenmp -freal-4-real-10 -freal-4-real-16 -freal-4-real-8 @gol -freal-8-real-10 -freal-8-real-16 -freal-8-real-4 -std=@var{std} } @@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ accepted by the compiler: @item -ffree-form @itemx -ffixed-form @opindex @code{ffree-form} -@opindex @code{fno-fixed-form} +@opindex @code{ffixed-form} @cindex options, Fortran dialect @cindex file format, free @cindex file format, fixed diff --git a/gcc/fortran/io.c b/gcc/fortran/io.c index 7ba6b092e9..0ac4f4a03a 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/io.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/io.c @@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ format_lex (void) if (c == delim) { - c = next_char (INSTRING_NOWARN); + c = next_char (NONSTRING); if (c == '\0') { @@ -2382,9 +2382,7 @@ match_filepos (gfc_statement st, gfc_exec_op op) if (m == MATCH_NO) { m = gfc_match_expr (&fp->unit); - if (m == MATCH_ERROR) - goto done; - if (m == MATCH_NO) + if (m == MATCH_ERROR || m == MATCH_NO) goto syntax; } diff --git a/gcc/fortran/match.c b/gcc/fortran/match.c index 8234c27724..fd3bd4c1b2 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/match.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/match.c @@ -110,6 +110,9 @@ gfc_op2string (gfc_intrinsic_op op) case INTRINSIC_PARENTHESES: return "parens"; + case INTRINSIC_NONE: + return "none"; + default: break; } @@ -5457,7 +5460,10 @@ gfc_match_type_is (void) c = gfc_get_case (); c->where = gfc_current_locus; - if (gfc_match_type_spec (&c->ts) == MATCH_ERROR) + m = gfc_match_type_spec (&c->ts); + if (m == MATCH_NO) + goto syntax; + if (m == MATCH_ERROR) goto cleanup; if (gfc_match_char (')') != MATCH_YES) @@ -5537,7 +5543,10 @@ gfc_match_class_is (void) c = gfc_get_case (); c->where = gfc_current_locus; - if (match_derived_type_spec (&c->ts) == MATCH_ERROR) + m = match_derived_type_spec (&c->ts); + if (m == MATCH_NO) + goto syntax; + if (m == MATCH_ERROR) goto cleanup; if (c->ts.type == BT_DERIVED) diff --git a/gcc/fortran/module.c b/gcc/fortran/module.c index 1abfc46d7a..2a7e986262 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/module.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/module.c @@ -4479,8 +4479,8 @@ load_commons (void) static void load_equiv (void) { - gfc_equiv *head, *tail, *end, *eq; - bool unused; + gfc_equiv *head, *tail, *end, *eq, *equiv; + bool duplicate; mio_lparen (); in_load_equiv = true; @@ -4507,23 +4507,19 @@ load_equiv (void) mio_expr (&tail->expr); } - /* Unused equivalence members have a unique name. In addition, it - must be checked that the symbols are from the same module. */ - unused = true; - for (eq = head; eq; eq = eq->eq) + /* Check for duplicate equivalences being loaded from different modules */ + duplicate = false; + for (equiv = gfc_current_ns->equiv; equiv; equiv = equiv->next) { - if (eq->expr->symtree->n.sym->module - && head->expr->symtree->n.sym->module - && strcmp (head->expr->symtree->n.sym->module, - eq->expr->symtree->n.sym->module) == 0 - && !check_unique_name (eq->expr->symtree->name)) + if (equiv->module && head->module + && strcmp (equiv->module, head->module) == 0) { - unused = false; + duplicate = true; break; } } - if (unused) + if (duplicate) { for (eq = head; eq; eq = head) { diff --git a/gcc/fortran/parse.c b/gcc/fortran/parse.c index 2c7c554d36..f22b191ba7 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/parse.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/parse.c @@ -2425,8 +2425,7 @@ verify_st_order (st_state *p, gfc_statement st, bool silent) break; default: - gfc_internal_error ("Unexpected %s statement in verify_st_order() at %C", - gfc_ascii_statement (st)); + return false; } /* All is well, record the statement in case we need it next time. */ diff --git a/gcc/fortran/resolve.c b/gcc/fortran/resolve.c index 316b413d75..da9d825d86 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/resolve.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/resolve.c @@ -1981,7 +1981,8 @@ resolve_actual_arglist (gfc_actual_arglist *arg, procedure_type ptype, } comp = gfc_get_proc_ptr_comp(e); - if (comp && comp->attr.elemental) + if (e->expr_type == EXPR_VARIABLE + && comp && comp->attr.elemental) { gfc_error ("ELEMENTAL procedure pointer component %qs is not " "allowed as an actual argument at %L", comp->name, @@ -2383,14 +2384,11 @@ resolve_global_procedure (gfc_symbol *sym, locus *where, if (!gsym->ns->resolved) { gfc_dt_list *old_dt_list; - struct gfc_omp_saved_state old_omp_state; /* Stash away derived types so that the backend_decls do not get mixed up. */ old_dt_list = gfc_derived_types; gfc_derived_types = NULL; - /* And stash away openmp state. */ - gfc_omp_save_and_clear_state (&old_omp_state); gfc_resolve (gsym->ns); @@ -2400,8 +2398,6 @@ resolve_global_procedure (gfc_symbol *sym, locus *where, /* Restore the derived types of this namespace. */ gfc_derived_types = old_dt_list; - /* And openmp state. */ - gfc_omp_restore_state (&old_omp_state); } /* Make sure that translation for the gsymbol occurs before @@ -10948,7 +10944,7 @@ apply_default_init_local (gfc_symbol *sym) result variable, which are also nonstatic. */ if (sym->attr.save || sym->ns->save_all || (flag_max_stack_var_size == 0 && !sym->attr.result - && !sym->ns->proc_name->attr.recursive + && (sym->ns->proc_name && !sym->ns->proc_name->attr.recursive) && (!sym->attr.dimension || !is_non_constant_shape_array (sym)))) { /* Don't clobber an existing initializer! */ @@ -15070,6 +15066,7 @@ gfc_resolve (gfc_namespace *ns) { gfc_namespace *old_ns; code_stack *old_cs_base; + struct gfc_omp_saved_state old_omp_state; if (ns->resolved) return; @@ -15078,6 +15075,11 @@ gfc_resolve (gfc_namespace *ns) old_ns = gfc_current_ns; old_cs_base = cs_base; + /* As gfc_resolve can be called during resolution of an OpenMP construct + body, we should clear any state associated to it, so that say NS's + DO loops are not interpreted as OpenMP loops. */ + gfc_omp_save_and_clear_state (&old_omp_state); + resolve_types (ns); component_assignment_level = 0; resolve_codes (ns); @@ -15087,4 +15089,6 @@ gfc_resolve (gfc_namespace *ns) ns->resolved = 1; gfc_run_passes (ns); + + gfc_omp_restore_state (&old_omp_state); } diff --git a/gcc/fortran/scanner.c b/gcc/fortran/scanner.c index f0e6404c62..f9d7811e39 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/scanner.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/scanner.c @@ -1272,21 +1272,11 @@ restart: are still in a string and we are looking for a possible doubled quote and we end up here. See PR64506. */ - if (in_string) + if (in_string && c != '\n') { gfc_current_locus = old_loc; - - if (c == '!') - { - skip_comment_line (); - goto restart; - } - - if (c != '\n') - { - c = '&'; - goto done; - } + c = '&'; + goto done; } if (c != '!' && c != '\n') @@ -1392,6 +1382,8 @@ restart: "Missing %<&%> in continued character " "constant at %C"); } + else if (!in_string && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) + goto done; /* Both !$omp and !$ -fopenmp continuation lines have & on the continuation line only optionally. */ else if (openmp_flag || openacc_flag || openmp_cond_flag) diff --git a/gcc/fortran/simplify.c b/gcc/fortran/simplify.c index 92b3076b63..20d50d2fdf 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/simplify.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/simplify.c @@ -5174,8 +5174,11 @@ gfc_simplify_reshape (gfc_expr *source, gfc_expr *shape_exp, e = gfc_constructor_lookup_expr (source->value.constructor, j); else { - gcc_assert (npad > 0); - + if (npad <= 0) + { + mpz_clear (index); + return NULL; + } j = j - nsource; j = j % npad; e = gfc_constructor_lookup_expr (pad->value.constructor, j); diff --git a/gcc/fortran/symbol.c b/gcc/fortran/symbol.c index 44392e8d19..8c43854c17 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/symbol.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/symbol.c @@ -458,6 +458,11 @@ check_conflict (symbol_attribute *attr, const char *name, locus *where) } } + if (attr->dummy && ((attr->function || attr->subroutine) && + gfc_current_state () == COMP_CONTAINS)) + gfc_error_now ("internal procedure '%s' at %L conflicts with " + "DUMMY argument", name, where); + conf (dummy, entry); conf (dummy, intrinsic); conf (dummy, threadprivate); diff --git a/gcc/fortran/trans-openmp.c b/gcc/fortran/trans-openmp.c index 9642a7d6b2..98aeaadd8c 100644 --- a/gcc/fortran/trans-openmp.c +++ b/gcc/fortran/trans-openmp.c @@ -4114,6 +4114,7 @@ gfc_trans_omp_teams (gfc_code *code, gfc_omp_clauses *clausesa) stmtblock_t block; gfc_omp_clauses clausesa_buf[GFC_OMP_SPLIT_NUM]; tree stmt, omp_clauses = NULL_TREE; + bool combined = true; gfc_start_block (&block); if (clausesa == NULL) @@ -4130,6 +4131,7 @@ gfc_trans_omp_teams (gfc_code *code, gfc_omp_clauses *clausesa) case EXEC_OMP_TARGET_TEAMS: case EXEC_OMP_TEAMS: stmt = gfc_trans_omp_code (code->block->next, true); + combined = false; break; case EXEC_OMP_TARGET_TEAMS_DISTRIBUTE: case EXEC_OMP_TEAMS_DISTRIBUTE: @@ -4143,6 +4145,8 @@ gfc_trans_omp_teams (gfc_code *code, gfc_omp_clauses *clausesa) } stmt = build2_loc (input_location, OMP_TEAMS, void_type_node, stmt, omp_clauses); + if (combined) + OMP_TEAMS_COMBINED (stmt) = 1; gfc_add_expr_to_block (&block, stmt); return gfc_finish_block (&block); } @@ -4163,9 +4167,14 @@ gfc_trans_omp_target (gfc_code *code) if (code->op == EXEC_OMP_TARGET) stmt = gfc_trans_omp_code (code->block->next, true); else - stmt = gfc_trans_omp_teams (code, clausesa); - if (TREE_CODE (stmt) != BIND_EXPR) - stmt = build3_v (BIND_EXPR, NULL, stmt, NULL_TREE); + { + pushlevel (); + stmt = gfc_trans_omp_teams (code, clausesa); + if (TREE_CODE (stmt) != BIND_EXPR) + stmt = build3_v (BIND_EXPR, NULL, stmt, poplevel (1, 0)); + else + poplevel (0, 0); + } if (flag_openmp) stmt = build2_loc (input_location, OMP_TARGET, void_type_node, stmt, omp_clauses); |