Merge branch 'gawk-5.2-stable'

4 files changed, 477 insertions, 330 deletions

diff --git a/doc/ChangeLog b/doc/ChangeLog
index ce8b527d..526dad5d 100644
--- a/doc/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/ChangeLog
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 2023-03-26         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
 	* texinfo.tex: Sync from GNULIB.
+	* gawktexi.in (Dynamic Typing): Add more explanation and another
+	example.
 
 2023-03-23         Arnold D. Robbins     <arnold@skeeve.com>
 
diff --git a/doc/gawk.info b/doc/gawk.info
index 8caf05b1..87f9eb34 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.info
+++ b/doc/gawk.info
@@ -15507,8 +15507,51 @@ Here is an annotated sample program:
 so ‘awk’ will not report the second error.  If you comment out that
 call, though, then ‘awk’ does report the second error.
 
-   Usually, such things aren’t a big issue, but it’s worth being aware
-of them.
+   Here is a more extreme example:
+
+     BEGIN {
+         funky(a)
+         if (A == 0)
+             print "<" a ">"
+         else
+             print a[1]
+     }
+
+     function funky(arr)
+     {
+         if (A == 0)
+             arr = 1
+         else
+             arr[1] = 1
+     }
+
+   Here, the function uses its parameter differently depending upon the
+value of the global variable ‘A’.  If ‘A’ is zero, the parameter ‘arr’
+is treated as a scalar.  Otherwise it’s treated as an array.
+
+   There are two ways this program might behave.  ‘awk’ could notice
+that in the main program, ‘a’ is subscripted, and so mark it as an array
+before the program even begins to run.  BWK ‘awk’, ‘mawk’, and possibly
+others do this:
+
+     $ nawk -v A=0 -f funky.awk
+     error→ nawk: can't assign to a; it's an array name.
+     error→  source line number 11
+     $ nawk -v A=1 -f funky.awk
+     ⊣ 1
+
+   Or ‘awk’ could wait until runtime to set the type of ‘a’.  In this
+case, since ‘a’ was never assigned used before being passed to the
+function, how the function uses it forces the type to be resolved to
+either scalar or array.  ‘gawk’ and the MKS ‘awk’ do this:
+
+     $ gawk -v A=0 -f funky.awk
+     ⊣ <>
+     $ gawk -v A=1 -f funky.awk
+     ⊣ 1
+
+   POSIX does not specify the correct behavior, so be aware that
+different implementations work differently.
 
 
 File: gawk.info,  Node: Indirect Calls,  Next: Functions Summary,  Prev: User-defined,  Up: Functions
@@ -39805,330 +39848,330 @@ Node: Function Caveats669709
 Ref: Function Caveats-Footnote-1671804
 Node: Return Statement671928
 Node: Dynamic Typing674983
-Node: Indirect Calls675939
-Node: Functions Summary687098
-Node: Library Functions689875
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-1693423
-Ref: Library Functions-Footnote-2693566
-Node: Library Names693741
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-1697535
-Ref: Library Names-Footnote-2697762
-Node: General Functions697858
-Node: Strtonum Function699052
-Node: Assert Function702134
-Node: Round Function705586
-Node: Cliff Random Function707164
-Node: Ordinal Functions708197
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-1711306
-Ref: Ordinal Functions-Footnote-2711558
-Node: Join Function711772
-Ref: Join Function-Footnote-1713575
-Node: Getlocaltime Function713779
-Node: Readfile Function717553
-Node: Shell Quoting719582
-Node: Isnumeric Function721038
-Node: Data File Management722450
-Node: Filetrans Function723082
-Node: Rewind Function727376
-Node: File Checking729355
-Ref: File Checking-Footnote-1730727
-Node: Empty Files730934
-Node: Ignoring Assigns733001
-Node: Getopt Function734575
-Ref: Getopt Function-Footnote-1750409
-Node: Passwd Functions750621
-Ref: Passwd Functions-Footnote-1759803
-Node: Group Functions759891
-Ref: Group Functions-Footnote-1768029
-Node: Walking Arrays768242
-Node: Library Functions Summary771290
-Node: Library Exercises772714
-Node: Sample Programs773201
-Node: Running Examples773983
-Node: Clones774735
-Node: Cut Program776007
-Node: Egrep Program786448
-Node: Id Program795765
-Node: Split Program805879
-Ref: Split Program-Footnote-1816114
-Node: Tee Program816301
-Node: Uniq Program819210
-Node: Wc Program827075
-Node: Bytes vs. Characters827470
-Node: Using extensions829072
-Node: wc program829852
-Node: Miscellaneous Programs834858
-Node: Dupword Program836087
-Node: Alarm Program838150
-Node: Translate Program843063
-Ref: Translate Program-Footnote-1847804
-Node: Labels Program848082
-Ref: Labels Program-Footnote-1851523
-Node: Word Sorting851615
-Node: History Sorting855809
-Node: Extract Program858084
-Node: Simple Sed866353
-Node: Igawk Program869569
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-1884816
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-2885022
-Ref: Igawk Program-Footnote-3885152
-Node: Anagram Program885279
-Node: Signature Program888375
-Node: Programs Summary889627
-Node: Programs Exercises890885
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-Node: Advanced Features895287
-Node: Nondecimal Data897781
-Node: Boolean Typed Values899411
-Node: Array Sorting901386
-Node: Controlling Array Traversal902115
-Ref: Controlling Array Traversal-Footnote-1910622
-Node: Array Sorting Functions910744
-Ref: Array Sorting Functions-Footnote-1916863
-Node: Two-way I/O917071
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-1925066
-Ref: Two-way I/O-Footnote-2925257
-Node: TCP/IP Networking925339
-Node: Profiling928519
-Node: Persistent Memory938229
-Ref: Persistent Memory-Footnote-1947187
-Node: Extension Philosophy947318
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-Node: Internationalization951123
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-Node: Explaining gettext953524
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-1959677
-Ref: Explaining gettext-Footnote-2959872
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-Ref: Programmer i18n-Footnote-1965150
-Node: Translator i18n965199
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-Node: Printf Ordering967311
-Ref: Printf Ordering-Footnote-1970173
-Node: I18N Portability970241
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-Node: I18N Example972886
-Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-1976286
-Ref: I18N Example-Footnote-2976362
-Node: Gawk I18N976479
-Node: I18N Summary977135
-Node: Debugger978536
-Node: Debugging979560
-Node: Debugging Concepts980009
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-Node: Awk Debugging984448
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-Node: Debugger Invocation986117
-Node: Finding The Bug987746
-Node: List of Debugger Commands994432
-Node: Breakpoint Control995809
-Node: Debugger Execution Control999641
-Node: Viewing And Changing Data1003121
-Node: Execution Stack1006859
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-Node: Namespaces1022985
-Node: Global Namespace1024112
-Node: Qualified Names1025557
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-Node: Try To Round1063014
-Node: Setting precision1063921
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-Ref: table-gawk-rounding-modes1066893
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-Node: General Data Types1100239
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-Node: Gawk Distribution1308263
-Node: Getting1308755
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-Node: Distribution contents1311466
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-Node: Usenet1360040
-Node: Performance bugs1361271
-Node: Asking for help1364289
-Node: Maintainers1366280
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-Node: Notes1377623
-Node: Compatibility Mode1378433
-Node: Additions1379255
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-Node: Adding Code1381735
-Node: New Ports1388871
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-Node: Basic Data Typing1417706
-Node: Glossary1421124
-Node: Copying1454246
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License1492007
-Node: Index1517330
+Node: Indirect Calls677259
+Node: Functions Summary688418
+Node: Library Functions691195
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+Node: Cygwin1340117
+Node: MSYS1341373
+Node: OpenVMS Installation1342005
+Node: OpenVMS Compilation1342686
+Ref: OpenVMS Compilation-Footnote-11344169
+Node: OpenVMS Dynamic Extensions1344231
+Node: OpenVMS Installation Details1345867
+Node: OpenVMS Running1348302
+Node: OpenVMS GNV1352439
+Node: Bugs1353194
+Node: Bug definition1354118
+Node: Bug address1357769
+Node: Usenet1361360
+Node: Performance bugs1362591
+Node: Asking for help1365609
+Node: Maintainers1367600
+Node: Other Versions1368627
+Node: Installation summary1377559
+Node: Notes1378943
+Node: Compatibility Mode1379753
+Node: Additions1380575
+Node: Accessing The Source1381520
+Node: Adding Code1383055
+Node: New Ports1390191
+Node: Derived Files1394701
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-11400548
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-21400583
+Ref: Derived Files-Footnote-31401200
+Node: Future Extensions1401314
+Node: Implementation Limitations1401986
+Node: Extension Design1403228
+Node: Old Extension Problems1404392
+Ref: Old Extension Problems-Footnote-11405968
+Node: Extension New Mechanism Goals1406029
+Ref: Extension New Mechanism Goals-Footnote-11409525
+Node: Extension Other Design Decisions1409726
+Node: Extension Future Growth1411925
+Node: Notes summary1412549
+Node: Basic Concepts1413762
+Node: Basic High Level1414447
+Ref: figure-general-flow1414729
+Ref: figure-process-flow1415436
+Ref: Basic High Level-Footnote-11418837
+Node: Basic Data Typing1419026
+Node: Glossary1422444
+Node: Copying1455566
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License1493327
+Node: Index1518650
 
 End Tag Table
 
diff --git a/doc/gawk.texi b/doc/gawk.texi
index 6db8af6a..b72cf068 100644
--- a/doc/gawk.texi
+++ b/doc/gawk.texi
@@ -22190,8 +22190,59 @@ a fatal error, so @command{awk} will not report the second
 error. If you comment out that call, though, then @command{awk}
 does report the second error.
 
-Usually, such things aren't a big issue, but it's worth
-being aware of them.
+Here is a more extreme example:
+
+@example
+BEGIN @{
+    funky(a)
+    if (A == 0)
+        print "<" a ">"
+    else
+        print a[1]
+@}
+
+function funky(arr)
+@{
+    if (A == 0)
+        arr = 1
+    else
+        arr[1] = 1
+@}
+@end example
+
+Here, the function uses its parameter differently depending upon the
+value of the global variable @code{A}. If @code{A} is zero, the
+parameter @code{arr} is treated as a scalar.  Otherwise it's treated
+as an array.
+
+There are two ways this program might behave. @command{awk} could notice
+that in the main program, @code{a} is subscripted, and so mark it as
+an array before the program even begins to run.  BWK @code{awk}, @code{mawk},
+and possibly others do this:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{nawk -v A=0 -f funky.awk}
+@error{} nawk: can't assign to a; it's an array name.
+@error{}  source line number 11
+$ @kbd{nawk -v A=1 -f funky.awk}
+@print{} 1
+@end example
+
+Or @command{awk} could wait until runtime to set the type of @code{a}.
+In this case, since @code{a} was never assigned used before being
+passed to the function, how the function uses it forces the type to
+be resolved to either scalar or array.  @command{gawk}
+and the MKS @command{awk} do this:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -v A=0 -f funky.awk}
+@print{} <>
+$ @kbd{gawk -v A=1 -f funky.awk }
+@print{} 1
+@end example
+
+POSIX does not specify the correct behavior, so be aware that different
+implementations work differently.
 
 @node Indirect Calls
 @section Indirect Function Calls
diff --git a/doc/gawktexi.in b/doc/gawktexi.in
index bdb501e4..e6556684 100644
--- a/doc/gawktexi.in
+++ b/doc/gawktexi.in
@@ -21171,8 +21171,59 @@ a fatal error, so @command{awk} will not report the second
 error. If you comment out that call, though, then @command{awk}
 does report the second error.
 
-Usually, such things aren't a big issue, but it's worth
-being aware of them.
+Here is a more extreme example:
+
+@example
+BEGIN @{
+    funky(a)
+    if (A == 0)
+        print "<" a ">"
+    else
+        print a[1]
+@}
+
+function funky(arr)
+@{
+    if (A == 0)
+        arr = 1
+    else
+        arr[1] = 1
+@}
+@end example
+
+Here, the function uses its parameter differently depending upon the
+value of the global variable @code{A}. If @code{A} is zero, the
+parameter @code{arr} is treated as a scalar.  Otherwise it's treated
+as an array.
+
+There are two ways this program might behave. @command{awk} could notice
+that in the main program, @code{a} is subscripted, and so mark it as
+an array before the program even begins to run.  BWK @code{awk}, @code{mawk},
+and possibly others do this:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{nawk -v A=0 -f funky.awk}
+@error{} nawk: can't assign to a; it's an array name.
+@error{}  source line number 11
+$ @kbd{nawk -v A=1 -f funky.awk}
+@print{} 1
+@end example
+
+Or @command{awk} could wait until runtime to set the type of @code{a}.
+In this case, since @code{a} was never assigned used before being
+passed to the function, how the function uses it forces the type to
+be resolved to either scalar or array.  @command{gawk}
+and the MKS @command{awk} do this:
+
+@example
+$ @kbd{gawk -v A=0 -f funky.awk}
+@print{} <>
+$ @kbd{gawk -v A=1 -f funky.awk }
+@print{} 1
+@end example
+
+POSIX does not specify the correct behavior, so be aware that different
+implementations work differently.
 
 @node Indirect Calls
 @section Indirect Function Calls