Prefer directed to neutral quotes

Prefer directed to neutral quotes in docstings and diagnostics.
In docstrings, escape apostrophes that would otherwise be translated
to curved quotes using the newer, simpler rules.
* admin/unidata/unidata-gen.el (unidata-gen-table):
* lisp/align.el (align-region):
* lisp/allout.el (allout-mode, allout-solicit-alternate-bullet):
* lisp/bookmark.el (bookmark-default-annotation-text):
* lisp/calc/calc-aent.el (math-read-if, math-read-factor):
* lisp/calc/calc-lang.el (math-read-giac-subscr)
(math-read-math-subscr):
* lisp/calc/calc-misc.el (report-calc-bug):
* lisp/calc/calc-prog.el (calc-fix-token-name)
(calc-read-parse-table-part):
* lisp/cedet/ede/pmake.el (ede-proj-makefile-insert-dist-rules):
* lisp/cedet/semantic/complete.el (semantic-displayor-show-request):
* lisp/dabbrev.el (dabbrev-expand):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/checkdoc.el (checkdoc-this-string-valid-engine):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/elint.el (elint-get-top-forms):
* lisp/emacs-lisp/lisp-mnt.el (lm-verify):
* lisp/emulation/viper-cmd.el (viper-toggle-search-style):
* lisp/erc/erc-button.el (erc-nick-popup):
* lisp/erc/erc.el (erc-cmd-LOAD, erc-handle-login):
* lisp/eshell/em-dirs.el (eshell/cd):
* lisp/eshell/em-glob.el (eshell-glob-regexp):
* lisp/eshell/em-pred.el (eshell-parse-modifiers):
* lisp/eshell/esh-arg.el (eshell-parse-arguments):
* lisp/eshell/esh-opt.el (eshell-show-usage):
* lisp/files-x.el (modify-file-local-variable):
* lisp/filesets.el (filesets-add-buffer, filesets-remove-buffer)
(filesets-update-pre010505):
* lisp/find-cmd.el (find-generic, find-to-string):
* lisp/gnus/auth-source.el (auth-source-netrc-parse-entries):
* lisp/gnus/gnus-agent.el (gnus-agent-check-overview-buffer)
(gnus-agent-fetch-headers):
* lisp/gnus/gnus-int.el (gnus-start-news-server):
* lisp/gnus/gnus-registry.el:
(gnus-registry--split-fancy-with-parent-internal):
* lisp/gnus/gnus-score.el (gnus-summary-increase-score):
* lisp/gnus/gnus-start.el (gnus-convert-old-newsrc):
* lisp/gnus/gnus-topic.el (gnus-topic-rename):
* lisp/gnus/legacy-gnus-agent.el (gnus-agent-unlist-expire-days):
* lisp/gnus/nnmairix.el (nnmairix-widget-create-query):
* lisp/gnus/spam.el (spam-check-blackholes):
* lisp/mail/feedmail.el (feedmail-run-the-queue):
* lisp/mpc.el (mpc-playlist-rename):
* lisp/net/ange-ftp.el (ange-ftp-shell-command):
* lisp/net/mairix.el (mairix-widget-create-query):
* lisp/net/tramp-cache.el:
* lisp/obsolete/otodo-mode.el (todo-more-important-p):
* lisp/obsolete/pgg-gpg.el (pgg-gpg-process-region):
* lisp/obsolete/pgg-pgp.el (pgg-pgp-process-region):
* lisp/obsolete/pgg-pgp5.el (pgg-pgp5-process-region):
* lisp/org/ob-core.el (org-babel-goto-named-src-block)
(org-babel-goto-named-result):
* lisp/org/ob-fortran.el (org-babel-fortran-ensure-main-wrap):
* lisp/org/ob-ref.el (org-babel-ref-resolve):
* lisp/org/org-agenda.el (org-agenda-prepare):
* lisp/org/org-bibtex.el (org-bibtex-fields):
* lisp/org/org-clock.el (org-clock-notify-once-if-expired)
(org-clock-resolve):
* lisp/org/org-feed.el (org-feed-parse-atom-entry):
* lisp/org/org-habit.el (org-habit-parse-todo):
* lisp/org/org-mouse.el (org-mouse-popup-global-menu)
(org-mouse-context-menu):
* lisp/org/org-table.el (org-table-edit-formulas):
* lisp/org/ox.el (org-export-async-start):
* lisp/play/dunnet.el (dun-score, dun-help, dun-endgame-question)
(dun-rooms, dun-endgame-questions):
* lisp/progmodes/ada-mode.el (ada-goto-matching-start):
* lisp/progmodes/ada-xref.el (ada-find-executable):
* lisp/progmodes/antlr-mode.el (antlr-options-alists):
* lisp/progmodes/flymake.el (flymake-parse-err-lines)
(flymake-start-syntax-check-process):
* lisp/progmodes/python.el (python-define-auxiliary-skeleton):
* lisp/progmodes/sql.el (sql-comint):
* lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el (verilog-load-file-at-point):
* lisp/server.el (server-get-auth-key):
* lisp/subr.el (version-to-list):
* lisp/textmodes/reftex-ref.el (reftex-label):
* lisp/textmodes/reftex-toc.el (reftex-toc-rename-label):
* lisp/vc/ediff-diff.el (ediff-same-contents):
* lisp/vc/vc-cvs.el (vc-cvs-mode-line-string):
* test/automated/tramp-tests.el (tramp-test33-asynchronous-requests):
Use directed rather than neutral quotes in diagnostics.

20 files changed, 116 insertions, 114 deletions

diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/ada-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/ada-mode.el
index c1bc79c599c..70af389519c 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/ada-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/ada-mode.el
@@ -286,11 +286,11 @@ type A is
   :type 'boolean :group 'ada)
 
 (defcustom ada-indent-is-separate t
-  "Non-nil means indent 'is separate' or 'is abstract' if on a single line."
+  "Non-nil means indent ‘is separate’ or ‘is abstract’ if on a single line."
   :type 'boolean :group 'ada)
 
 (defcustom ada-indent-record-rel-type 3
-  "Indentation for 'record' relative to 'type' or 'use'.
+  "Indentation for ‘record’ relative to ‘type’ or ‘use’.
 
 An example is:
    type A is
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ An example is:
   :type 'integer :group 'ada)
 
 (defcustom ada-indent-return 0
-  "Indentation for 'return' relative to the matching 'function' statement.
+  "Indentation for `return' relative to the matching `function' statement.
 If `ada-indent-return' is null or negative, the indentation is done relative to
 the open parenthesis (if there is no parenthesis, `ada-broken-indent' is used).
 
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ This is also used for <<..>> labels"
   :type '(choice (const ada83) (const ada95) (const ada2005)) :group 'ada)
 
 (defcustom ada-move-to-declaration nil
-  "Non-nil means `ada-move-to-start' moves to the subprogram declaration, not to 'begin'."
+  "Non-nil means `ada-move-to-start' moves to the subprogram declaration, not to `begin'."
   :type 'boolean :group 'ada)
 
 (defcustom ada-popup-key '[down-mouse-3]
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ Must be one of :
   :group 'ada)
 
 (defcustom ada-use-indent ada-broken-indent
-  "Indentation for the lines in a 'use' statement.
+  "Indentation for the lines in a ‘use’ statement.
 
 An example is:
    use Ada.Text_IO,
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ An example is:
   :type 'integer :group 'ada)
 
 (defcustom ada-when-indent 3
-  "Indentation for 'when' relative to 'exception' or 'case'.
+  "Indentation for ‘when’ relative to ‘exception’ or ‘case’.
 
 An example is:
    case A is
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ An example is:
   :type 'integer :group 'ada)
 
 (defcustom ada-with-indent ada-broken-indent
-  "Indentation for the lines in a 'with' statement.
+  "Indentation for the lines in a ‘with’ statement.
 
 An example is:
    with Ada.Text_IO,
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ Used to define `ada-*-keywords.'"))
   "Alist of substrings (entities) that have special casing.
 The substrings are detected for word constituent when the word
 is not itself in `ada-case-exception', and only for substrings that
-either are at the beginning or end of the word, or start after '_'.")
+either are at the beginning or end of the word, or start after `_'.")
 
 (defvar ada-lfd-binding nil
   "Variable to save key binding of LFD when casing is activated.")
@@ -1689,7 +1689,7 @@ See also `ada-auto-case' to disable auto casing altogether."
   nil)
 
 (defun ada-capitalize-word (&optional _arg)
-  "Upcase first letter and letters following '_', lower case other letters.
+  "Upcase first letter and letters following `_', lower case other letters.
 ARG is ignored, and is there for compatibility with `capitalize-word' only."
   (interactive)
   (let ((end   (save-excursion (skip-syntax-forward  "w") (point)))
@@ -2834,7 +2834,7 @@ ORGPOINT is the limit position used in the calculation."
       (save-excursion
 	(goto-char (car match-cons))
 	(unless (ada-search-ignore-string-comment "when" t opos)
-	  (error "Missing 'when' between 'case' and '=>'"))
+	  (error "Missing ‘when’ between ‘case’ and ‘=>’"))
 	(list (save-excursion (back-to-indentation) (point)) 'ada-indent)))
      ;;
      ;; case..is..when
@@ -3003,7 +3003,7 @@ ORGPOINT is the limit position used in the calculation."
       (list cur-indent 'ada-broken-indent)))))
 
 (defun ada-get-indent-noindent (orgpoint)
-  "Calculate the indentation when point is just before a 'noindent stmt'.
+  "Calculate the indentation when point is just before a ‘noindent stmt’.
 ORGPOINT is the limit position used in the calculation."
   (let ((label 0))
     (save-excursion
@@ -3429,7 +3429,7 @@ Return the new position of point or nil if not found."
 Moves point to the matching block start."
   (ada-goto-matching-start 0)
   (unless (looking-at (concat "\\<" keyword "\\>"))
-    (error "Matching start is not '%s'" keyword)))
+    (error "Matching start is not ‘%s’" keyword)))
 
 
 (defun ada-check-defun-name (defun-name)
@@ -3667,7 +3667,7 @@ otherwise throw error."
   "Move point to the beginning of a block-start.
 Which block depends on the value of NEST-LEVEL, which defaults to zero.
 If NOERROR is non-nil, it only returns nil if no matching start was found.
-If GOTOTHEN is non-nil, point moves to the 'then' following 'if'."
+If GOTOTHEN is non-nil, point moves to the ‘then’ following ‘if’."
   (let ((nest-count (if nest-level nest-level 0))
 	(found nil)
 
@@ -3734,7 +3734,7 @@ If GOTOTHEN is non-nil, point moves to the 'then' following 'if'."
 		(if pos
 		    (goto-char (car pos))
 		  (error (concat
-			  "No matching 'is' or 'renames' for 'package' at"
+			  "No matching ‘is’ or ‘renames’ for ‘package’ at"
 			  " line "
 			  (number-to-string (count-lines 1 (1+ current)))))))
 	      (unless (looking-at "renames")
@@ -3862,7 +3862,7 @@ If GOTOTHEN is non-nil, point moves to the 'then' following 'if'."
 	     ((looking-at "do")
 	      (unless (ada-search-ignore-string-comment
 		       "\\<accept\\|return\\>" t)
-		(error "Missing 'accept' or 'return' in front of 'do'"))))
+		(error "Missing ‘accept’ or ‘return’ in front of ‘do’"))))
 	    (point))
 
 	(if noerror
@@ -4073,7 +4073,7 @@ Assumes point to be at the end of a statement."
 
 
 (defun ada-looking-at-semi-or ()
-  "Return t if looking at an 'or' following a semicolon."
+  "Return t if looking at an ‘or’ following a semicolon."
   (save-excursion
     (and (looking-at "\\<or\\>")
 	 (progn
@@ -4146,7 +4146,7 @@ Return nil if the private is part of the package name, as in
 			   "type\\)\\>"))))))
 
 (defun ada-search-ignore-complex-boolean (regexp backwardp)
-  "Search for REGEXP, ignoring comments, strings, 'and then', 'or else'.
+  "Search for REGEXP, ignoring comments, strings, ‘and then’, ‘or else’.
 If BACKWARDP is non-nil, search backward; search forward otherwise."
   (let (result)
   (while (and (setq result (ada-search-ignore-string-comment regexp backwardp))
@@ -4366,7 +4366,7 @@ of the region.  Otherwise, operate only on the current line."
 
 (defun ada-move-to-end ()
   "Move point to the end of the block around point.
-Moves to 'begin' if in a declarative part."
+Moves to ‘begin’ if in a declarative part."
   (interactive)
   (let ((pos (point))
 	decl-start)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/ada-prj.el b/lisp/progmodes/ada-prj.el
index 4b1c1c26088..7e354bc2b0f 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/ada-prj.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/ada-prj.el
@@ -309,13 +309,13 @@ where the compilation is done.")
 "If you want to remotely compile, debug and
 run your application, specify the name of a
 remote machine here. This capability requires
-the 'rsh' protocol on the remote machine.")
+the ‘rsh’ protocol on the remote machine.")
     (ada-prj-field 'cross_prefix "Prefix used in for the cross tool chain"
 "When working on multiple cross targets, it is
 most convenient to specify the prefix of the
 tool chain here. For instance, on PowerPc
-vxworks, you would enter 'powerpc-wrs-vxworks-'.
-To use JGNAT, enter 'j'.")
+vxworks, you would enter ‘powerpc-wrs-vxworks-’.
+To use JGNAT, enter ‘j’.")
     )
 
 
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/ada-xref.el b/lisp/progmodes/ada-xref.el
index 771dc2a3da1..6f2f78f7f19 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/ada-xref.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/ada-xref.el
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ we need to use `/d' or the drive is never changed.")
   "Associative list of project files with properties.
 It has the format: (project project ...)
 A project has the format: (project-file . project-plist)
-\(See 'apropos plist' for operations on property lists).
+\(See `apropos plist' for operations on property lists).
 See `ada-default-prj-properties' for the list of valid properties.
 The current project is retrieved with `ada-xref-current-project'.
 Properties are retrieved with `ada-xref-get-project-field', set with
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ On Windows systems, this will properly handle .exe extension as well."
 		    (ada-find-file-in-dir (concat exec-name ".exe") exec-path))))
     (if result
 	result
-      (error "'%s' not found in path" exec-name))))
+      (error "‘%s’ not found in path" exec-name))))
 
 (defun ada-initialize-runtime-library (cross-prefix)
   "Initialize the variables for the runtime library location.
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ the same base name as the Ada file, but extension given by
 `ada-prj-file-extension' (default .adp).  If not found, search for *.adp
 in the current directory; if several are found, and NO-USER-QUESTION
 is non-nil, prompt the user to select one.  If none are found, return
-'default.adp'."
+\"default.adp\"."
 
   (let (selected)
 
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/antlr-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/antlr-mode.el
index 28049e9190a..d59948e6447 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/antlr-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/antlr-mode.el
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ The standard value is (\"file\" \"grammar\" \"rule\" \"subrule\").  See
 	     "Generate default exception handler for each rule? "))
      ("codeGenMakeSwitchThreshold" nil
       (20600 antlr-read-value
-	     "Min number of alternatives for 'switch': "))
+	     "Min number of alternatives for `switch': "))
      ("codeGenBitsetTestThreshold" nil
       (20600 antlr-read-value
 	     "Min size of lookahead set for bitset test: "))
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/bug-reference.el b/lisp/progmodes/bug-reference.el
index 53d295868c4..a78c57c2053 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/bug-reference.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/bug-reference.el
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ It can use `match-string' to get parts matched against
 There is no default setting for this, it must be set per file.
 If you set it to a symbol in the file Local Variables section,
 you need to add a `bug-reference-url-format' property to it:
-\(put 'my-bug-reference-url-format 'bug-reference-url-format t)
+\(put \\='my-bug-reference-url-format \\='bug-reference-url-format t)
 so that it is considered safe, see `enable-local-variables'.")
 
 ;;;###autoload
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/cc-align.el b/lisp/progmodes/cc-align.el
index 0b96b4a7297..b0c4a6425bf 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/cc-align.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/cc-align.el
@@ -325,10 +325,10 @@ operator you typically want to use it together with some other line-up
 settings, e.g. as follows \(the arglist-close setting is just a
 suggestion to get a consistent style):
 
-\(c-set-offset 'arglist-cont '(c-lineup-arglist-operators 0))
-\(c-set-offset 'arglist-cont-nonempty '(c-lineup-arglist-operators
+\(c-set-offset \\='arglist-cont \\='(c-lineup-arglist-operators 0))
+\(c-set-offset \\='arglist-cont-nonempty \\='(c-lineup-arglist-operators
                                         c-lineup-arglist))
-\(c-set-offset 'arglist-close '(c-lineup-arglist-close-under-paren))
+\(c-set-offset \\='arglist-close \\='(c-lineup-arglist-close-under-paren))
 
 Works with: arglist-cont, arglist-cont-nonempty."
   (save-excursion
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/cc-defs.el b/lisp/progmodes/cc-defs.el
index 9826035ec15..0422ca0b028 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/cc-defs.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/cc-defs.el
@@ -1642,11 +1642,11 @@ surrounds the matched alternative, and the regexp will also not match
 a prefix of any identifier.  Adorned regexps cannot be appended.  The
 language variable `c-nonsymbol-key' is used to make the adornment.
 
-A value 'appendable for ADORN is like above, but all alternatives in
+A value `appendable' for ADORN is like above, but all alternatives in
 the list that end with a word constituent char will have \\> appended
 instead, so that the regexp remains appendable.  Note that this
 variant doesn't always guarantee that an identifier prefix isn't
-matched since the symbol constituent '_' is normally considered a
+matched since the symbol constituent `_' is normally considered a
 nonword token by \\>.
 
 The optional MODE specifies the language to get `c-nonsymbol-key' from
@@ -1920,30 +1920,30 @@ There are many flavors of Emacs out there, each with different
 features supporting those needed by CC Mode.  The following values
 might be present:
 
-'8-bit              8 bit syntax entry flags (XEmacs style).
-'1-bit              1 bit syntax entry flags (Emacs style).
-'argumentative-bod-function	    beginning-of-defun and end-of-defun pass
+`8-bit'             8 bit syntax entry flags (XEmacs style).
+`1-bit'             1 bit syntax entry flags (Emacs style).
+`argumentative-bod-function'    beginning-of-defun and end-of-defun pass
 		    ARG through to beginning/end-of-defun-function.
-'syntax-properties  It works to override the syntax for specific characters
-		    in the buffer with the 'syntax-table property.  It's
+`syntax-properties' It works to override the syntax for specific characters
+		    in the buffer with the `syntax-table' property.  It's
 		    always set - CC Mode no longer works in emacsen without
 		    this feature.
-'category-properties Syntax routines can add a level of indirection to text
-		    properties using the 'category property.
-'gen-comment-delim  Generic comment delimiters work
+`category-properties' Syntax routines can add a level of indirection to text
+		    properties using the `category' property.
+`gen-comment-delim' Generic comment delimiters work
 		    (i.e. the syntax class `!').
-'gen-string-delim   Generic string delimiters work
+`gen-string-delim'  Generic string delimiters work
 		    (i.e. the syntax class `|').
-'pps-extended-state `parse-partial-sexp' returns a list with at least 10
+`pps-extended-state' `parse-partial-sexp' returns a list with at least 10
 		    elements, i.e. it contains the position of the start of
 		    the last comment or string.  It's always set - CC Mode
                     no longer works in emacsen without this feature.
-'posix-char-classes The regexp engine understands POSIX character classes.
-'col-0-paren        It's possible to turn off the ad-hoc rule that a paren
+`posix-char-classes' The regexp engine understands POSIX character classes.
+`col-0-paren'       It's possible to turn off the ad-hoc rule that a paren
 		    in column zero is the start of a defun.
-'infodock           This is Infodock (based on XEmacs).
+`infodock'           This is Infodock (based on XEmacs).
 
-'8-bit and '1-bit are mutually exclusive.")
+`8-bit' and `1-bit' are mutually exclusive.")
 
 
 ;;; Some helper constants.
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/cc-engine.el b/lisp/progmodes/cc-engine.el
index 6c6a4549e61..1223db3b33e 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/cc-engine.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/cc-engine.el
@@ -671,8 +671,8 @@ position if that is less ('same is returned in this case).
 
 NOERROR turns off error logging to `c-parsing-error'.
 
-Normally only ';' and virtual semicolons are considered to delimit
-statements, but if COMMA-DELIM is non-nil then ',' is treated
+Normally only `;' and virtual semicolons are considered to delimit
+statements, but if COMMA-DELIM is non-nil then `,' is treated
 as a delimiter too.
 
 Note that this function might do hidden buffer changes.  See the
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/cc-langs.el b/lisp/progmodes/cc-langs.el
index 46da7f994d5..235ef21d066 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/cc-langs.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/cc-langs.el
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ the new syntax, as accepted by `modify-syntax-entry'."
       (modify-syntax-entry (car mod) (cdr mod) table))
     table)
   "Syntax table built on the mode syntax table but additionally
-classifies symbol constituents like '_' and '$' as word constituents,
+classifies symbol constituents like `_' and `$' as word constituents,
 so that all identifiers are recognized as words.")
 
 (c-lang-defconst c-get-state-before-change-functions
@@ -578,8 +578,8 @@ EOL terminated statements."
 (c-lang-defvar c-has-bitfields (c-lang-const c-has-bitfields))
 
 (c-lang-defconst c-modified-constant
-  "Regexp that matches a \"modified\" constant literal such as \"L'a'\",
-a \"long character\".  In particular, this recognizes forms of constant
+  "Regexp that matches a “modified” constant literal such as \"L\\='a\\='\",
+a “long character”.  In particular, this recognizes forms of constant
 which `c-backward-sexp' needs to be called twice to move backwards over."
   t nil
   (c c++ objc) "L'\\([^\\'\t\f\n\r]\\|\\\\.\\)'")
@@ -2101,7 +2101,7 @@ one of `c-type-list-kwds', `c-ref-list-kwds',
   "Keywords introducing declarations that can contain a block which
 might be followed by variable declarations, e.g. like \"foo\" in
 \"class Foo { ... } foo;\".  So if there is a block in a declaration
-like that, it ends with the following ';' and not right away.
+like that, it ends with the following `;' and not right away.
 
 The keywords on list are assumed to also be present on one of the
 `*-decl-kwds' lists."
@@ -2344,7 +2344,7 @@ Keywords here should also be in `c-block-stmt-1-kwds'."
 
 (c-lang-defconst c-paren-stmt-kwds
   "Statement keywords followed by a parenthesis expression that
-nevertheless contains a list separated with ';' and not ','."
+nevertheless contains a list separated with `;' and not `,'."
   t    '("for")
   idl  nil)
 
@@ -2806,7 +2806,7 @@ the \"class Foo: public Bar\" part of:
 If parens can occur, the chars inside those aren't filtered with this
 list.
 
-'<' and '>' should be disallowed even if angle bracket arglists can
+`<' and `>' should be disallowed even if angle bracket arglists can
 occur.  That since the search function needs to stop at them anyway to
 ensure they are given paren syntax.
 
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/cfengine.el b/lisp/progmodes/cfengine.el
index 108ccb654c4..96bb8d3a112 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/cfengine.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/cfengine.el
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ bundle agent rcfiles
   "Whether `cfengine-mode' should print debugging info.")
 
 (defvar cfengine-mode-syntax-cache nil
-  "Cache for `cfengine-mode' syntax trees obtained from 'cf-promises -s json'.")
+  "Cache for `cfengine-mode' syntax trees obtained from `cf-promises -s json'.")
 
 (defconst cfengine3-fallback-syntax
   '((functions
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/compile.el b/lisp/progmodes/compile.el
index 9d1d14880e9..a6e9ed8889a 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/compile.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/compile.el
@@ -650,11 +650,11 @@ The value nil as an element means to try the default directory."
 Sometimes it is useful for files to supply local values for this variable.
 You might also use mode hooks to specify it in certain modes, like this:
 
-    (add-hook 'c-mode-hook
+    (add-hook \\='c-mode-hook
        (lambda ()
 	 (unless (or (file-exists-p \"makefile\")
 		     (file-exists-p \"Makefile\"))
-	   (set (make-local-variable 'compile-command)
+	   (set (make-local-variable \\='compile-command)
 		(concat \"make -k \"
 			(if buffer-file-name
 			  (shell-quote-argument
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/cperl-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/cperl-mode.el
index 826b3ee73a8..322024ea448 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/cperl-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/cperl-mode.el
@@ -7607,7 +7607,7 @@ than a line.  Your contribution to update/shorten it is appreciated."
 
 (defvar cperl-short-docs 'please-ignore-this-line
   ;; Perl4 version was written by Johan Vromans (jvromans@squirrel.nl)
-  "# based on '@(#)@ perl-descr.el 1.9 - describe-perl-symbol' [Perl 5]
+  "# based on \\='@(#)@ perl-descr.el 1.9 - describe-perl-symbol\\=' [Perl 5]
 ...	Range (list context); flip/flop [no flop when flip] (scalar context).
 ! ...	Logical negation.
 ... != ...	Numeric inequality.
@@ -7630,7 +7630,7 @@ $7	Match of the 7th set of parentheses in the last match (auto-local).
 $8	Match of the 8th set of parentheses in the last match (auto-local).
 $9	Match of the 9th set of parentheses in the last match (auto-local).
 $&	The string matched by the last pattern match (auto-local).
-$'	The string after what was matched by the last match (auto-local).
+$\\='	The string after what was matched by the last match (auto-local).
 $\\=`	The string before what was matched by the last match (auto-local).
 
 $(	The real gid of this process.
@@ -7886,7 +7886,7 @@ pop(ARRAY)
 print [FILEHANDLE] [(LIST)]
 printf [FILEHANDLE] (FORMAT,LIST)
 push(ARRAY,LIST)
-q/STRING/	Synonym for 'STRING'
+q/STRING/	Synonym for \\='STRING\\='
 qq/STRING/	Synonym for \"STRING\"
 qx/STRING/	Synonym for \\=`STRING\\=`
 rand[(EXPR)]
@@ -7988,7 +7988,7 @@ DESTROY		Shorthand for `sub DESTROY {...}'.
 abs [ EXPR ]	absolute value
 ... and ...		Low-precedence synonym for &&.
 bless REFERENCE [, PACKAGE]	Makes reference into an object of a package.
-chomp [LIST]	Strips $/ off LIST/$_.  Returns count.  Special if $/ eq ''!
+chomp [LIST]	Strips $/ off LIST/$_.  Returns count.  Special if $/ eq \\='\\='!
 chr		Converts a number to char with the same ordinal.
 else		Part of if/unless {BLOCK} elsif {BLOCK} else {BLOCK}.
 elsif		Part of if/unless {BLOCK} elsif {BLOCK} else {BLOCK}.
@@ -8005,7 +8005,7 @@ not ...		Low-precedence synonym for ! - negation.
 ... or ...		Low-precedence synonym for ||.
 pos STRING    Set/Get end-position of the last match over this string, see \\G.
 quotemeta [ EXPR ]	Quote regexp metacharacters.
-qw/WORD1 .../		Synonym of split('', 'WORD1 ...')
+qw/WORD1 .../		Synonym of split(\\='\\=', \\='WORD1 ...\\=')
 readline FH	Synonym of <FH>.
 readpipe CMD	Synonym of \\=`CMD\\=`.
 ref [ EXPR ]	Type of EXPR when dereferenced.
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/dcl-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/dcl-mode.el
index eab4ae854d5..4c997bdd4d0 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/dcl-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/dcl-mode.el
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ It can have the following values:
   first-line  indentation for the first line in a buffer or SUBROUTINE.
 CUR-INDENT is the indentation of the preceding command line.
 EXTRA-INDENT is the default change in indentation for this line
-\(a negative number for 'outdent).
+\(a negative number for “outdent”).
 LAST-POINT is the buffer position of the first significant word on the
 previous line or nil if the current line is the first line.
 THIS-POINT is the buffer position of the first significant word on the
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/flymake.el b/lisp/progmodes/flymake.el
index 1942271e561..f220633fefa 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/flymake.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/flymake.el
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ Perhaps use text from LINE-ERR-INFO-LIST to enhance highlighting."
 	(when (flymake-same-files real-file-name source-file-name)
 	  (setq line-err-info (flymake-ler-set-file line-err-info nil))
 	  (setq err-info-list (flymake-add-err-info err-info-list line-err-info))))
-      (flymake-log 3 "parsed '%s', %s line-err-info" (nth idx lines) (if line-err-info "got" "no"))
+      (flymake-log 3 "parsed ‘%s’, %s line-err-info" (nth idx lines) (if line-err-info "got" "no"))
       (setq idx (1+ idx)))
     err-info-list))
 
@@ -1084,8 +1084,10 @@ For the format of LINE-ERR-INFO, see `flymake-ler-make-ler'."
                      default-directory)
         process)
     (error
-     (let* ((err-str (format "Failed to launch syntax check process '%s' with args %s: %s"
-                             cmd args (error-message-string err)))
+     (let* ((err-str
+             (format-message
+              "Failed to launch syntax check process ‘%s’ with args %s: %s"
+              cmd args (error-message-string err)))
             (source-file-name buffer-file-name)
             (cleanup-f        (flymake-get-cleanup-function source-file-name)))
        (flymake-log 0 err-str)
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/gdb-mi.el b/lisp/progmodes/gdb-mi.el
index 4af8ac6971e..9942e17397a 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/gdb-mi.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/gdb-mi.el
@@ -2195,10 +2195,10 @@ value when the message is complete.
 
 Implement the following GDB/MI output grammar rule:
   result-class ==>
-       'done' | 'running' | 'connected' | 'error' | 'exit'
+       `done' | `running' | `connected' | `error' | `exit'
 
   async-class ==>
-       'stopped' | others (where others will be added depending on the needs
+       `stopped' | others (where others will be added depending on the needs
                            --this is still in development).")
 
 (defun gdbmi-bnf-result-and-async-record-impl ()
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/idlw-shell.el b/lisp/progmodes/idlw-shell.el
index 23f9d4af8c9..b5e799848de 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/idlw-shell.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/idlw-shell.el
@@ -379,15 +379,15 @@ This mechanism is useful for correct interaction with the IDL function
 GET_KBRD, because in normal operation IDLWAVE only sends \\n terminated
 strings.  Here is some example code which makes use of the default spells.
 
-  print,'<chars>'               ; Make IDLWAVE switch to character mode
+  print,\\='<chars>\\='               ; Make IDLWAVE switch to character mode
   REPEAT BEGIN
       A = GET_KBRD(1)
       PRINT, BYTE(A)
-  ENDREP UNTIL A EQ 'q'
-  print,'</chars>'              ; Make IDLWAVE switch back to line mode
+  ENDREP UNTIL A EQ \\='q\\='
+  print,\\='</chars>\\='              ; Make IDLWAVE switch back to line mode
 
-  print,'Quit the program, y or n?'
-  print,'<onechar>'             ; Ask IDLWAVE to send one character
+  print,\\='Quit the program, y or n?\\='
+  print,\\='<onechar>\\='             ; Ask IDLWAVE to send one character
   answer = GET_KBRD(1)
 
 Since the IDLWAVE shell defines the system variable `!IDLWAVE_VERSION',
@@ -403,11 +403,11 @@ idlwave_char_input,/off          ; End the loop to send characters
 
 pro idlwave_char_input,on=on,off=off
   ;; Test if we are running under Emacs
-  defsysv,'!idlwave_version',exists=running_emacs
+  defsysv,\\='!idlwave_version\\=',exists=running_emacs
   if running_emacs then begin
-      if keyword_set(on) then         print,'<chars>' $
-        else if keyword_set(off) then print,'</chars>' $
-        else                          print,'<onechar>'
+      if keyword_set(on) then         print,\\='<chars>\\=' $
+        else if keyword_set(off) then print,\\='</chars>\\=' $
+        else                          print,\\='<onechar>\\='
   endif
 end"
   :group 'idlwave-shell-command-setup
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/prog-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/prog-mode.el
index b8cd9d93912..8f50887113e 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/prog-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/prog-mode.el
@@ -192,9 +192,9 @@ in `prettify-symbols-alist' (which see), which are locally defined
 by major modes supporting prettifying.  To add further customizations
 for a given major mode, you can modify `prettify-symbols-alist' thus:
 
-  (add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook
+  (add-hook \\='emacs-lisp-mode-hook
             (lambda ()
-              (push '(\"<=\" . ?≤) prettify-symbols-alist)))
+              (push \\='(\"<=\" . ?≤) prettify-symbols-alist)))
 
 You can enable this mode locally in desired buffers, or use
 `global-prettify-symbols-mode' to enable it for all modes that
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/python.el b/lisp/progmodes/python.el
index abae8aff47b..35f10e54fc7 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/python.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/python.el
@@ -4005,8 +4005,8 @@ The skeleton will be bound to python-skeleton-NAME."
   (declare (indent 2))
   (let* ((name (symbol-name name))
          (function-name (intern (concat "python-skeleton--" name)))
-         (msg (format
-               "Add '%s' clause? " name)))
+         (msg (format-message
+               "Add ‘%s’ clause? " name)))
     (when (not skel)
       (setq skel
             `(< ,(format "%s:" name) \n \n
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/sql.el b/lisp/progmodes/sql.el
index 3800cfb6b15..18f445ca5cf 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/sql.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/sql.el
@@ -3799,7 +3799,7 @@ Note that SQL doesn't have an escape character unless you specify
 one.  If you specify backslash as escape character in SQL, you
 must tell Emacs.  Here's how to do that in your init file:
 
-\(add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
+\(add-hook \\='sql-mode-hook
           (lambda ()
 	    (modify-syntax-entry ?\\\\ \".\" sql-mode-syntax-table)))"
   :group 'SQL
@@ -3896,9 +3896,9 @@ If you want to make SQL buffers limited in length, add the function
 Here is an example for your init file.  It keeps the SQLi buffer a
 certain length.
 
-\(add-hook 'sql-interactive-mode-hook
+\(add-hook \\='sql-interactive-mode-hook
     \(function (lambda ()
-        \(setq comint-output-filter-functions 'comint-truncate-buffer))))
+        \(setq comint-output-filter-functions \\='comint-truncate-buffer))))
 
 Here is another example.  It will always put point back to the statement
 you entered, right above the output it created.
@@ -4276,7 +4276,7 @@ passed as command line arguments."
     ;; work for remote hosts; we suppress the check there.
     (unless (or (file-remote-p default-directory)
 		(executable-find program))
-      (error "Unable to locate SQL program \'%s\'" program))
+      (error "Unable to locate SQL program ‘%s’" program))
     ;; Make sure buffer name is unique.
     (when (sql-buffer-live-p (format "*%s*" buf-name))
       (setq buf-name (format "SQL-%s" product))
diff --git a/lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el b/lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el
index 32448055308..107dee5803d 100644
--- a/lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el
+++ b/lisp/progmodes/verilog-mode.el
@@ -4477,7 +4477,7 @@ More specifically, after a generate and before an endgenerate."
     (= nest 0) )) ; return nest
 
 (defun verilog-in-deferred-immediate-final-p ()
-  "Return true if inside an 'assert/assume/cover final' statement."
+  "Return true if inside an ‘assert/assume/cover final’ statement."
   (interactive)
   (and (looking-at "final")
        (verilog-looking-back "\\<\\(?:assert\\|assume\\|cover\\)\\>\\s-+" nil))
@@ -7221,7 +7221,7 @@ will be completed at runtime and should not be added to this list.")
 
 (defun verilog-func-completion (type)
   "Build regular expression for module/task/function names.
-TYPE is 'module, 'tf for task or function, or t if unknown."
+TYPE is ‘module’, ‘tf’ for task or function, or t if unknown."
   (if (string= verilog-str "")
       (setq verilog-str "[a-zA-Z_]"))
   (let ((verilog-str (concat (cond
@@ -7294,7 +7294,7 @@ must be a function to be called for every match to check if this should
 really be a match.  If VERILOG-FLAG is t, the function returns a list of
 all possible completions.  If VERILOG-FLAG is nil it returns a string,
 the longest possible completion, or t if VERILOG-STR is an exact match.
-If VERILOG-FLAG is 'lambda, the function returns t if VERILOG-STR is an
+If VERILOG-FLAG is ‘lambda’, the function returns t if VERILOG-STR is an
 exact match, nil otherwise."
   (save-excursion
     (let ((verilog-all nil))
@@ -7489,7 +7489,7 @@ VERILOG-PRED is non-nil, it must be a function to be called for every match
 to check if this should really be a match.  If VERILOG-FLAG is t, the
 function returns a list of all possible completions.  If it is nil it
 returns a string, the longest possible completion, or t if VERILOG-STR is
-an exact match.  If VERILOG-FLAG is 'lambda, the function returns t if
+an exact match.  If VERILOG-FLAG is ‘lambda’, the function returns t if
 VERILOG-STR is an exact match, nil otherwise."
   (save-excursion
     (let ((verilog-all nil)
@@ -8666,7 +8666,7 @@ Return an array of [outputs inouts inputs wire reg assign const]."
 
 (defun verilog-read-sub-decls-expr (submoddecls comment port expr)
   "For `verilog-read-sub-decls-line', parse a subexpression and add signals."
-  ;;(message "vrsde: '%s'" expr)
+  ;;(message "vrsde: ‘%s’" expr)
   ;; Replace special /*[....]*/ comments inserted by verilog-auto-inst-port
   (setq expr (verilog-string-replace-matches "/\\*\\(\\[[^*]+\\]\\)\\*/" "\\1" nil nil expr))
   ;; Remove front operators
@@ -8685,25 +8685,25 @@ Return an array of [outputs inouts inputs wire reg assign const]."
     (let (sig vec multidim)
       ;; Remove leading reduction operators, etc
       (setq expr (verilog-string-replace-matches "^\\s-*[---+~!|&]+\\s-*" "" nil nil expr))
-      ;;(message "vrsde-ptop: '%s'" expr)
+      ;;(message "vrsde-ptop: ‘%s’" expr)
       (cond  ; Find \signal. Final space is part of escaped signal name
        ((string-match "^\\s-*\\(\\\\[^ \t\n\f]+\\s-\\)" expr)
-	;;(message "vrsde-s: '%s'" (match-string 1 expr))
+	;;(message "vrsde-s: ‘%s’" (match-string 1 expr))
 	(setq sig (match-string 1 expr)
 	      expr (substring expr (match-end 0))))
        ;; Find signal
        ((string-match "^\\s-*\\([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*\\)" expr)
-	;;(message "vrsde-s: '%s'" (match-string 1 expr))
+	;;(message "vrsde-s: ‘%s’" (match-string 1 expr))
 	(setq sig (verilog-string-remove-spaces (match-string 1 expr))
 	      expr (substring expr (match-end 0)))))
       ;; Find [vector] or [multi][multi][multi][vector]
       (while (string-match "^\\s-*\\(\\[[^]]+\\]\\)" expr)
-	;;(message "vrsde-v: '%s'" (match-string 1 expr))
+	;;(message "vrsde-v: ‘%s’" (match-string 1 expr))
 	(when vec (setq multidim (cons vec multidim)))
 	(setq vec (match-string 1 expr)
 	      expr (substring expr (match-end 0))))
       ;; If found signal, and nothing unrecognized, add the signal
-      ;;(message "vrsde-rem: '%s'" expr)
+      ;;(message "vrsde-rem: ‘%s’" expr)
       (when (and sig (string-match "^\\s-*$" expr))
 	(verilog-read-sub-decls-sig submoddecls comment port sig vec multidim))))))
 
@@ -9285,8 +9285,8 @@ Parameters must be simple assignments to constants, or have their own
 \"parameter\" label rather than a list of parameters.  Thus:
 
     parameter X = 5, Y = 10;	// Ok
-    parameter X = {1'b1, 2'h2};	// Ok
-    parameter X = {1'b1, 2'h2}, Y = 10;	// Bad, make into 2 parameter lines
+    parameter X = {1\\='b1, 2\\='h2};	// Ok
+    parameter X = {1\\='b1, 2\\='h2}, Y = 10;	// Bad, make into 2 parameter lines
 
 Defines must be simple text substitutions, one on a line, starting
 at the beginning of the line.  Any ifdefs or multiline comments around the
@@ -10099,7 +10099,7 @@ if non-nil."
 
 ;; Combined
 (defun verilog-decls-get-signals (decls)
-  "Return all declared signals in DECLS, excluding 'assign' statements."
+  "Return all declared signals in DECLS, excluding ‘assign’ statements."
   (append
    (verilog-decls-get-outputs decls)
    (verilog-decls-get-inouts decls)
@@ -11484,14 +11484,14 @@ Lisp Templates:
   Lisp functions:
 
 	vl-name        Name portion of the input/output port.
-	vl-bits        Bus bits portion of the input/output port ('[2:0]').
-	vl-mbits       Multidimensional array bits for port ('[2:0][3:0]').
-	vl-width       Width of the input/output port ('3' for [2:0]).
+	vl-bits        Bus bits portion of the input/output port (‘[2:0]’).
+	vl-mbits       Multidimensional array bits for port (‘[2:0][3:0]’).
+	vl-width       Width of the input/output port (‘3’ for [2:0]).
                        May be a (...) expression if bits isn't a constant.
 	vl-dir         Direction of the pin input/output/inout/interface.
 	vl-modport     The modport, if an interface with a modport.
-	vl-cell-type   Module name/type of the cell ('InstModule').
-	vl-cell-name   Instance name of the cell ('instName').
+	vl-cell-type   Module name/type of the cell (‘InstModule’).
+	vl-cell-name   Instance name of the cell (‘instName’).
 
   Normal Lisp variables may be used in expressions.  See
   `verilog-read-defines' which can set vh-{definename} variables for use
@@ -13017,9 +13017,9 @@ An example of making a stub for another module:
 	/*AUTOINOUTMODULE(\"Foo\")*/
         /*AUTOTIEOFF*/
         // verilator lint_off UNUSED
-        wire _unused_ok = &{1'b0,
+        wire _unused_ok = &{1\\='b0,
                             /*AUTOUNUSED*/
-                            1'b0};
+                            1\\='b0};
         // verilator lint_on  UNUSED
     endmodule
 
@@ -13034,7 +13034,7 @@ Typing \\[verilog-auto] will make this into:
 
         /*AUTOTIEOFF*/
         // Beginning of autotieoff
-        wire [2:0] foo = 3'b0;
+        wire [2:0] foo = 3\\='b0;
         // End of automatics
         ...
     endmodule"
@@ -13159,7 +13159,7 @@ with \"unused\" in the signal name.
 
 To reduce simulation time, the _unused_ok signal should be forced to a
 constant to prevent wiggling.  The easiest thing to do is use a
-reduction-and with 1'b0 as shown.
+reduction-and with 1\\='b0 as shown.
 
 This way all unused signals are in one place, making it convenient to add
 your tool's specific pragmas around the assignment to disable any unused
@@ -13175,9 +13175,9 @@ An example of making a stub for another module:
 	/*AUTOINOUTMODULE(\"Examp\")*/
         /*AUTOTIEOFF*/
         // verilator lint_off UNUSED
-        wire _unused_ok = &{1'b0,
+        wire _unused_ok = &{1\\='b0,
                             /*AUTOUNUSED*/
-                            1'b0};
+                            1\\='b0};
         // verilator lint_on  UNUSED
     endmodule
 
@@ -13185,14 +13185,14 @@ Typing \\[verilog-auto] will make this into:
 
         ...
         // verilator lint_off UNUSED
-        wire _unused_ok = &{1'b0,
+        wire _unused_ok = &{1\\='b0,
                             /*AUTOUNUSED*/
 			    // Beginning of automatics
 			    unused_input_a,
 			    unused_input_b,
 			    unused_input_c,
 			    // End of automatics
-                            1'b0};
+                            1\\='b0};
         // verilator lint_on  UNUSED
     endmodule"
   (interactive)
@@ -13267,9 +13267,9 @@ An example:
 
 	//== State enumeration
 	parameter [2:0] // synopsys enum state_info
-			   SM_IDLE =  3'b000,
-			   SM_SEND =  3'b001,
-			   SM_WAIT1 = 3'b010;
+			   SM_IDLE =  3\\='b000,
+			   SM_SEND =  3\\='b001,
+			   SM_WAIT1 = 3\\='b010;
 	//== State variables
 	reg [2:0]  /* synopsys enum state_info */
 		   state_r;  /* synopsys state_vector state_r */
@@ -14177,7 +14177,7 @@ Files are checked based on `verilog-library-flags'."
 			     (match-string 1) (buffer-file-name))))
 	  (when warn
 	    (message
-	     "File '%s' isn't readable, use shift-mouse2 to paste in this field"
+	     "File ‘%s’ isn't readable, use shift-mouse2 to paste in this field"
 	     (match-string 1))))))))