diff options
50 files changed, 108 insertions, 106 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/none.rst b/Doc/c-api/none.rst index b9ac26921d..45568fe657 100644 --- a/Doc/c-api/none.rst +++ b/Doc/c-api/none.rst @@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ .. _noneobject: -The None Object ---------------- +The ``None`` Object +------------------- .. index:: object: None @@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ same reason. .. c:macro:: Py_RETURN_NONE Properly handle returning :c:data:`Py_None` from within a C function (that is, - increment the reference count of None and return it.) + increment the reference count of ``None`` and return it.) diff --git a/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst b/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst index 12a861ed82..26831c47a2 100644 --- a/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst +++ b/Doc/c-api/unicode.rst @@ -1410,11 +1410,11 @@ included in the :mod:`encodings` package). The codec uses mapping to encode and decode characters. Decoding mappings must map single string characters to single Unicode -characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Unicode ordinals) or None +characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Unicode ordinals) or ``None`` (meaning "undefined mapping" and causing an error). Encoding mappings must map single Unicode characters to single string -characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Latin-1 ordinals) or None +characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Latin-1 ordinals) or ``None`` (meaning "undefined mapping" and causing an error). The mapping objects provided must only support the __getitem__ mapping @@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ The following codec API is special in that maps Unicode to Unicode. *NULL* when an exception was raised by the codec. The *mapping* table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode ordinal - integers or None (causing deletion of the character). + integers or ``None`` (causing deletion of the character). Mapping tables need only provide the :meth:`__getitem__` interface; dictionaries and sequences work well. Unmapped character ordinals (ones which cause a @@ -1572,7 +1572,7 @@ They all return *NULL* or ``-1`` if an exception occurs. resulting Unicode object. The mapping table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode ordinal integers - or None (causing deletion of the character). + or ``None`` (causing deletion of the character). Mapping tables need only provide the :meth:`__getitem__` interface; dictionaries and sequences work well. Unmapped character ordinals (ones which cause a diff --git a/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst b/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst index d370eb5572..c2bf473e1f 100644 --- a/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/descriptor.rst @@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ The output suggests that bound and unbound methods are two different types. While they could have been implemented that way, the actual C implementation of :c:type:`PyMethod_Type` in :source:`Objects/classobject.c` is a single object with two different representations depending on whether the :attr:`im_self` -field is set or is *NULL* (the C equivalent of *None*). +field is set or is *NULL* (the C equivalent of ``None``). Likewise, the effects of calling a method object depend on the :attr:`im_self` field. If set (meaning bound), the original function (stored in the diff --git a/Doc/howto/logging.rst b/Doc/howto/logging.rst index 82d130823c..f72f09f963 100644 --- a/Doc/howto/logging.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/logging.rst @@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ In Python 3.2 and later, the behaviour is as follows: The handler's level is set to ``WARNING``, so all events at this and greater severities will be output. -To obtain the pre-3.2 behaviour, ``logging.lastResort`` can be set to *None*. +To obtain the pre-3.2 behaviour, ``logging.lastResort`` can be set to ``None``. .. _library-config: diff --git a/Doc/howto/sorting.rst b/Doc/howto/sorting.rst index b90b61b459..1280446628 100644 --- a/Doc/howto/sorting.rst +++ b/Doc/howto/sorting.rst @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ returns a new sorted list:: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] You can also use the :meth:`list.sort` method. It modifies the list -in-place (and returns *None* to avoid confusion). Usually it's less convenient +in-place (and returns ``None`` to avoid confusion). Usually it's less convenient than :func:`sorted` - but if you don't need the original list, it's slightly more efficient. diff --git a/Doc/library/argparse.rst b/Doc/library/argparse.rst index 879bfed7e3..c6b2bf6f1d 100644 --- a/Doc/library/argparse.rst +++ b/Doc/library/argparse.rst @@ -1552,7 +1552,7 @@ Sub-commands positional arguments * description - description for the sub-parser group in help output, by - default None + default ``None`` * prog - usage information that will be displayed with sub-command help, by default the name of the program and any positional arguments before the @@ -1565,12 +1565,12 @@ Sub-commands encountered at the command line * dest_ - name of the attribute under which sub-command name will be - stored; by default None and no value is stored + stored; by default ``None`` and no value is stored - * help_ - help for sub-parser group in help output, by default None + * help_ - help for sub-parser group in help output, by default ``None`` * metavar_ - string presenting available sub-commands in help; by default it - is None and presents sub-commands in form {cmd1, cmd2, ..} + is ``None`` and presents sub-commands in form {cmd1, cmd2, ..} Some example usage:: diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-protocol.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-protocol.rst index a38d1e092f..0deecd9ecc 100644 --- a/Doc/library/asyncio-protocol.rst +++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-protocol.rst @@ -372,10 +372,10 @@ The following callbacks are called on :class:`Protocol` instances: (for example by calling :meth:`write_eof`, if the other end also uses asyncio). - This method may return a false value (including None), in which case + This method may return a false value (including ``None``), in which case the transport will close itself. Conversely, if this method returns a true value, closing the transport is up to the protocol. Since the - default implementation returns None, it implicitly closes the connection. + default implementation returns ``None``, it implicitly closes the connection. .. note:: Some transports such as SSL don't support half-closed connections, diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncore.rst b/Doc/library/asyncore.rst index 61061be34e..c838be7fd5 100644 --- a/Doc/library/asyncore.rst +++ b/Doc/library/asyncore.rst @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ any that have been added to the map during asynchronous service) is closed. Enter a polling loop that terminates after count passes or all open channels have been closed. All arguments are optional. The *count* - parameter defaults to None, resulting in the loop terminating only when all + parameter defaults to ``None``, resulting in the loop terminating only when all channels have been closed. The *timeout* argument sets the timeout parameter for the appropriate :func:`~select.select` or :func:`~select.poll` call, measured in seconds; the default is 30 seconds. The *use_poll* diff --git a/Doc/library/bdb.rst b/Doc/library/bdb.rst index 8ee9921553..116ffcf88e 100644 --- a/Doc/library/bdb.rst +++ b/Doc/library/bdb.rst @@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ The :mod:`bdb` module also defines two classes: .. method:: set_continue() Stop only at breakpoints or when finished. If there are no breakpoints, - set the system trace function to None. + set the system trace function to ``None``. .. method:: set_quit() diff --git a/Doc/library/collections.rst b/Doc/library/collections.rst index a147287255..d0aa62e368 100644 --- a/Doc/library/collections.rst +++ b/Doc/library/collections.rst @@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ or subtracting from an empty counter. position of the underlying data representation. - If *maxlen* is not specified or is *None*, deques may grow to an + If *maxlen* is not specified or is ``None``, deques may grow to an arbitrary length. Otherwise, the deque is bounded to the specified maximum length. Once a bounded length deque is full, when new items are added, a corresponding number of items are discarded from the opposite end. Bounded @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ or subtracting from an empty counter. .. attribute:: maxlen - Maximum size of a deque or *None* if unbounded. + Maximum size of a deque or ``None`` if unbounded. .. versionadded:: 3.1 diff --git a/Doc/library/dis.rst b/Doc/library/dis.rst index d2d8ac7839..f86725b601 100644 --- a/Doc/library/dis.rst +++ b/Doc/library/dis.rst @@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ code. notably :func:`get_instructions`, as iterating over a :class:`Bytecode` instance yields the bytecode operations as :class:`Instruction` instances. - If *first_line* is not None, it indicates the line number that should be + If *first_line* is not ``None``, it indicates the line number that should be reported for the first source line in the disassembled code. Otherwise, the source line information (if any) is taken directly from the disassembled code object. - If *current_offset* is not None, it refers to an instruction offset in the + If *current_offset* is not ``None``, it refers to an instruction offset in the disassembled code. Setting this means :meth:`.dis` will display a "current instruction" marker against the specified opcode. @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ operation is being performed, so the intermediate analysis object isn't useful: The iterator generates a series of :class:`Instruction` named tuples giving the details of each operation in the supplied code. - If *first_line* is not None, it indicates the line number that should be + If *first_line* is not ``None``, it indicates the line number that should be reported for the first source line in the disassembled code. Otherwise, the source line information (if any) is taken directly from the disassembled code object. @@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ details of bytecode instructions as :class:`Instruction` instances: .. data:: arg - numeric argument to operation (if any), otherwise None + numeric argument to operation (if any), otherwise ``None`` .. data:: argval @@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ details of bytecode instructions as :class:`Instruction` instances: .. data:: starts_line - line started by this opcode (if any), otherwise None + line started by this opcode (if any), otherwise ``None`` .. data:: is_jump_target diff --git a/Doc/library/doctest.rst b/Doc/library/doctest.rst index 66a521ebe7..131206d056 100644 --- a/Doc/library/doctest.rst +++ b/Doc/library/doctest.rst @@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ DocTest Objects .. attribute:: docstring - The string that the test was extracted from, or 'None' if the string is + The string that the test was extracted from, or ``None`` if the string is unavailable, or if the test was not extracted from a string. @@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ DocTestFinder objects not specified, then ``obj.__name__`` is used. The optional parameter *module* is the module that contains the given object. - If the module is not specified or is None, then the test finder will attempt + If the module is not specified or is ``None``, then the test finder will attempt to automatically determine the correct module. The object's module is used: * As a default namespace, if *globs* is not specified. diff --git a/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst b/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst index 6aeeabc306..c797f63326 100644 --- a/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst +++ b/Doc/library/ensurepip.rst @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Module API Bootstraps ``pip`` into the current or designated environment. *root* specifies an alternative root directory to install relative to. - If *root* is None, then installation uses the default install location + If *root* is ``None``, then installation uses the default install location for the current environment. *upgrade* indicates whether or not to upgrade an existing installation diff --git a/Doc/library/functools.rst b/Doc/library/functools.rst index 127e3fa64d..f9b90a80ac 100644 --- a/Doc/library/functools.rst +++ b/Doc/library/functools.rst @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ The :mod:`functools` module defines the following functions: Since a dictionary is used to cache results, the positional and keyword arguments to the function must be hashable. - If *maxsize* is set to None, the LRU feature is disabled and the cache can + If *maxsize* is set to ``None``, the LRU feature is disabled and the cache can grow without bound. The LRU feature performs best when *maxsize* is a power-of-two. diff --git a/Doc/library/http.server.rst b/Doc/library/http.server.rst index 16c4fac947..ae7fb970de 100644 --- a/Doc/library/http.server.rst +++ b/Doc/library/http.server.rst @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ of which this module provides three different variants: .. method:: date_time_string(timestamp=None) - Returns the date and time given by *timestamp* (which must be None or in + Returns the date and time given by *timestamp* (which must be ``None`` or in the format returned by :func:`time.time`), formatted for a message header. If *timestamp* is omitted, it uses the current date and time. diff --git a/Doc/library/imaplib.rst b/Doc/library/imaplib.rst index c25e7d8611..771ca43783 100644 --- a/Doc/library/imaplib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/imaplib.rst @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ The following utility functions are defined: Parse an IMAP4 ``INTERNALDATE`` string and return corresponding local time. The return value is a :class:`time.struct_time` tuple or - None if the string has wrong format. + ``None`` if the string has wrong format. .. function:: Int2AP(num) diff --git a/Doc/library/importlib.rst b/Doc/library/importlib.rst index 3d83509292..cb52f740ee 100644 --- a/Doc/library/importlib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/importlib.rst @@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ find and load modules. (``__loader__``) The loader to use for loading. For namespace packages this should be - set to None. + set to ``None``. .. attribute:: origin @@ -1052,33 +1052,33 @@ find and load modules. Name of the place from which the module is loaded, e.g. "builtin" for built-in modules and the filename for modules loaded from source. - Normally "origin" should be set, but it may be None (the default) + Normally "origin" should be set, but it may be ``None`` (the default) which indicates it is unspecified. .. attribute:: submodule_search_locations (``__path__``) - List of strings for where to find submodules, if a package (None + List of strings for where to find submodules, if a package (``None`` otherwise). .. attribute:: loader_state Container of extra module-specific data for use during loading (or - None). + ``None``). .. attribute:: cached (``__cached__``) - String for where the compiled module should be stored (or None). + String for where the compiled module should be stored (or ``None``). .. attribute:: parent (``__package__``) (Read-only) Fully-qualified name of the package to which the module - belongs as a submodule (or None). + belongs as a submodule (or ``None``). .. attribute:: has_location diff --git a/Doc/library/json.rst b/Doc/library/json.rst index ee582667b6..c1a52a79ea 100644 --- a/Doc/library/json.rst +++ b/Doc/library/json.rst @@ -397,8 +397,9 @@ Encoders and Decoders (to raise :exc:`TypeError`). If *skipkeys* is false (the default), then it is a :exc:`TypeError` to - attempt encoding of keys that are not str, int, float or None. If - *skipkeys* is true, such items are simply skipped. + attempt encoding of keys that are not :class:`str`, :class:`int`, + :class:`float` or ``None``. If *skipkeys* is true, such items are simply + skipped. If *ensure_ascii* is true (the default), the output is guaranteed to have all incoming non-ASCII characters escaped. If *ensure_ascii* is diff --git a/Doc/library/linecache.rst b/Doc/library/linecache.rst index ae3de9fc0a..34fcac57c0 100644 --- a/Doc/library/linecache.rst +++ b/Doc/library/linecache.rst @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ The :mod:`linecache` module defines the following functions: .. function:: lazycache(filename, module_globals) Capture enough detail about a non-file-based module to permit getting its - lines later via :func:`getline` even if *module_globals* is None in the later + lines later via :func:`getline` even if *module_globals* is ``None`` in the later call. This avoids doing I/O until a line is actually needed, without having to carry the module globals around indefinitely. diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.config.rst b/Doc/library/logging.config.rst index bf60f1721d..a68a890596 100644 --- a/Doc/library/logging.config.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.config.rst @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ in :mod:`logging` itself) and defining handlers which are declared either in across the socket, such that the ``verify`` callable can perform signature verification and/or decryption. The ``verify`` callable is called with a single argument - the bytes received across the socket - and should - return the bytes to be processed, or None to indicate that the bytes should + return the bytes to be processed, or ``None`` to indicate that the bytes should be discarded. The returned bytes could be the same as the passed in bytes (e.g. when only verification is done), or they could be completely different (perhaps if decryption were performed). diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst b/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst index 916b702606..0c02d3d552 100644 --- a/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ sends logging output to a disk file. It inherits the output functionality from Returns a new instance of the :class:`FileHandler` class. The specified file is opened and used as the stream for logging. If *mode* is not specified, - :const:`'a'` is used. If *encoding* is not *None*, it is used to open the file + :const:`'a'` is used. If *encoding* is not ``None``, it is used to open the file with that encoding. If *delay* is true, then file opening is deferred until the first call to :meth:`emit`. By default, the file grows indefinitely. @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ for this value. Returns a new instance of the :class:`WatchedFileHandler` class. The specified file is opened and used as the stream for logging. If *mode* is not specified, - :const:`'a'` is used. If *encoding* is not *None*, it is used to open the file + :const:`'a'` is used. If *encoding* is not ``None``, it is used to open the file with that encoding. If *delay* is true, then file opening is deferred until the first call to :meth:`emit`. By default, the file grows indefinitely. @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ module, supports rotation of disk log files. Returns a new instance of the :class:`RotatingFileHandler` class. The specified file is opened and used as the stream for logging. If *mode* is not specified, - ``'a'`` is used. If *encoding* is not *None*, it is used to open the file + ``'a'`` is used. If *encoding* is not ``None``, it is used to open the file with that encoding. If *delay* is true, then file opening is deferred until the first call to :meth:`emit`. By default, the file grows indefinitely. diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.rst b/Doc/library/logging.rst index 72da385d72..e2da9b6404 100644 --- a/Doc/library/logging.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.rst @@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ is the module's name in the Python package namespace. Finds the caller's source filename and line number. Returns the filename, line number, function name and stack information as a 4-element tuple. The stack - information is returned as *None* unless *stack_info* is *True*. + information is returned as ``None`` unless *stack_info* is *True*. .. method:: Logger.handle(record) @@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ wire). :param args: Variable data to merge into the *msg* argument to obtain the event description. :param exc_info: An exception tuple with the current exception information, - or *None* if no exception information is available. + or ``None`` if no exception information is available. :param func: The name of the function or method from which the logging call was invoked. :param sinfo: A text string representing stack information from the base of @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ the options available to you. | | | (as returned by :func:`time.time`). | +----------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | exc_info | You shouldn't need to | Exception tuple (à la ``sys.exc_info``) or, | -| | format this yourself. | if no exception has occurred, *None*. | +| | format this yourself. | if no exception has occurred, ``None``. | +----------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ | filename | ``%(filename)s`` | Filename portion of ``pathname``. | +----------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+ @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ functions. :lno: The line number in the file where the logging call was made. :msg: The logging message. :args: The arguments for the logging message. - :exc_info: An exception tuple, or None. + :exc_info: An exception tuple, or ``None``. :func: The name of the function or method which invoked the logging call. :sinfo: A stack traceback such as is provided by diff --git a/Doc/library/mmap.rst b/Doc/library/mmap.rst index 8f538339aa..f4a6f5365d 100644 --- a/Doc/library/mmap.rst +++ b/Doc/library/mmap.rst @@ -204,13 +204,13 @@ To map anonymous memory, -1 should be passed as the fileno along with the length .. method:: read([n]) Return a :class:`bytes` containing up to *n* bytes starting from the - current file position. If the argument is omitted, *None* or negative, + current file position. If the argument is omitted, ``None`` or negative, return all bytes from the current file position to the end of the mapping. The file position is updated to point after the bytes that were returned. .. versionchanged:: 3.3 - Argument can be omitted or *None*. + Argument can be omitted or ``None``. .. method:: read_byte() diff --git a/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst b/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst index a5912f77a8..d45bc2065d 100644 --- a/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst +++ b/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst @@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ Miscellaneous Return a context object which has the same attributes as the :mod:`multiprocessing` module. - If *method* is *None* then the default context is returned. + If *method* is ``None`` then the default context is returned. Otherwise *method* should be ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'``, ``'forkserver'``. :exc:`ValueError` is raised if the specified start method is not available. @@ -956,10 +956,10 @@ Miscellaneous If the start method has not been fixed and *allow_none* is false, then the start method is fixed to the default and the name is returned. If the start method has not been fixed and *allow_none* - is true then *None* is returned. + is true then ``None`` is returned. The return value can be ``'fork'``, ``'spawn'``, ``'forkserver'`` - or *None*. ``'fork'`` is the default on Unix, while ``'spawn'`` is + or ``None``. ``'fork'`` is the default on Unix, while ``'spawn'`` is the default on Windows. .. versionadded:: 3.4 @@ -2028,7 +2028,7 @@ with the :class:`Pool` class. *maxtasksperchild* is the number of tasks a worker process can complete before it will exit and be replaced with a fresh worker process, to enable - unused resources to be freed. The default *maxtasksperchild* is None, which + unused resources to be freed. The default *maxtasksperchild* is ``None``, which means worker processes will live as long as the pool. *context* can be used to specify the context used for starting @@ -2298,7 +2298,7 @@ multiple connections at the same time. ``None`` then digest authentication is used. If *authkey* is a byte string then it will be used as the - authentication key; otherwise it must be *None*. + authentication key; otherwise it must be ``None``. If *authkey* is ``None`` and *authenticate* is ``True`` then ``current_process().authkey`` is used as the authentication key. If diff --git a/Doc/library/nntplib.rst b/Doc/library/nntplib.rst index 4577ff4dca..2c3cd8dafe 100644 --- a/Doc/library/nntplib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/nntplib.rst @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ tuples or objects that the method normally returns will be empty. .. method:: NNTP.login(user=None, password=None, usenetrc=True) Send ``AUTHINFO`` commands with the user name and password. If *user* - and *password* are None and *usenetrc* is true, credentials from + and *password* are ``None`` and *usenetrc* is true, credentials from ``~/.netrc`` will be used if possible. Unless intentionally delayed, login is normally performed during the diff --git a/Doc/library/optparse.rst b/Doc/library/optparse.rst index e5f40f492c..2ef187db2d 100644 --- a/Doc/library/optparse.rst +++ b/Doc/library/optparse.rst @@ -2026,12 +2026,12 @@ Features of note: values.ensure_value(attr, value) - If the ``attr`` attribute of ``values`` doesn't exist or is None, then + If the ``attr`` attribute of ``values`` doesn't exist or is ``None``, then ensure_value() first sets it to ``value``, and then returns 'value. This is very handy for actions like ``"extend"``, ``"append"``, and ``"count"``, all of which accumulate data in a variable and expect that variable to be of a certain type (a list for the first two, an integer for the latter). Using :meth:`ensure_value` means that scripts using your action don't have to worry about setting a default value for the option destinations in question; they - can just leave the default as None and :meth:`ensure_value` will take care of + can just leave the default as ``None`` and :meth:`ensure_value` will take care of getting it right when it's needed. diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst index 310ce18c1a..5a67f93e3c 100644 --- a/Doc/library/os.rst +++ b/Doc/library/os.rst @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ process and user. executable, similar to a shell, when launching a process. *env*, when specified, should be an environment variable dictionary to lookup the PATH in. - By default, when *env* is None, :data:`environ` is used. + By default, when *env* is ``None``, :data:`environ` is used. .. versionadded:: 3.2 @@ -3621,7 +3621,7 @@ Miscellaneous System Information .. function:: cpu_count() - Return the number of CPUs in the system. Returns None if undetermined. + Return the number of CPUs in the system. Returns ``None`` if undetermined. .. versionadded:: 3.4 diff --git a/Doc/library/queue.rst b/Doc/library/queue.rst index e026e52bbd..924be5aadf 100644 --- a/Doc/library/queue.rst +++ b/Doc/library/queue.rst @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ provide the public methods described below. .. method:: Queue.put(item, block=True, timeout=None) Put *item* into the queue. If optional args *block* is true and *timeout* is - None (the default), block if necessary until a free slot is available. If + ``None`` (the default), block if necessary until a free slot is available. If *timeout* is a positive number, it blocks at most *timeout* seconds and raises the :exc:`Full` exception if no free slot was available within that time. Otherwise (*block* is false), put an item on the queue if a free slot is @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ provide the public methods described below. .. method:: Queue.get(block=True, timeout=None) Remove and return an item from the queue. If optional args *block* is true and - *timeout* is None (the default), block if necessary until an item is available. + *timeout* is ``None`` (the default), block if necessary until an item is available. If *timeout* is a positive number, it blocks at most *timeout* seconds and raises the :exc:`Empty` exception if no item was available within that time. Otherwise (*block* is false), return an item if one is immediately available, diff --git a/Doc/library/select.rst b/Doc/library/select.rst index a465d25d8a..a81386a4fb 100644 --- a/Doc/library/select.rst +++ b/Doc/library/select.rst @@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ Kqueue Objects Low level interface to kevent - - changelist must be an iterable of kevent object or None + - changelist must be an iterable of kevent object or ``None`` - max_events must be 0 or a positive integer - timeout in seconds (floats possible) diff --git a/Doc/library/smtplib.rst b/Doc/library/smtplib.rst index 83d5c2ddf4..8b98ccf03c 100644 --- a/Doc/library/smtplib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/smtplib.rst @@ -341,10 +341,10 @@ An :class:`SMTP` instance has the following methods: :rfc:`4954` "initial response" bytes which will be encoded and sent with the ``AUTH`` command as below. If the ``authobject()`` does not support an initial response (e.g. because it requires a challenge), it should return - None when called with ``challenge=None``. If *initial_response_ok* is - false, then ``authobject()`` will not be called first with None. + ``None`` when called with ``challenge=None``. If *initial_response_ok* is + false, then ``authobject()`` will not be called first with ``None``. - If the initial response check returns None, or if *initial_response_ok* is + If the initial response check returns ``None``, or if *initial_response_ok* is false, ``authobject()`` will be called to process the server's challenge response; the *challenge* argument it is passed will be a ``bytes``. It should return ``bytes`` *data* that will be base64 encoded and sent to the @@ -374,8 +374,9 @@ An :class:`SMTP` instance has the following methods: If *keyfile* and *certfile* are provided, these are passed to the :mod:`socket` module's :func:`ssl` function. - Optional *context* parameter is a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object; This is an alternative to - using a keyfile and a certfile and if specified both *keyfile* and *certfile* should be None. + Optional *context* parameter is a :class:`ssl.SSLContext` object; This is + an alternative to using a keyfile and a certfile and if specified both + *keyfile* and *certfile* should be ``None``. If there has been no previous ``EHLO`` or ``HELO`` command this session, this method tries ESMTP ``EHLO`` first. diff --git a/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst b/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst index d1005b55f1..84a478352f 100644 --- a/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst +++ b/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst @@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ Connection Objects called as the SQL function. The function can return any of the types supported by SQLite: bytes, str, int, - float and None. + float and ``None``. Example: @@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ Connection Objects final result of the aggregate. The ``finalize`` method can return any of the types supported by SQLite: - bytes, str, int, float and None. + bytes, str, int, float and ``None``. Example: @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ Connection Objects .. literalinclude:: ../includes/sqlite3/collation_reverse.py - To remove a collation, call ``create_collation`` with None as callable:: + To remove a collation, call ``create_collation`` with ``None`` as callable:: con.create_collation("reverse", None) @@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ You can control which kind of ``BEGIN`` statements sqlite3 implicitly executes (or none at all) via the *isolation_level* parameter to the :func:`connect` call, or via the :attr:`isolation_level` property of connections. -If you want **autocommit mode**, then set :attr:`isolation_level` to None. +If you want **autocommit mode**, then set :attr:`isolation_level` to ``None``. Otherwise leave it at its default, which will result in a plain "BEGIN" statement, or set it to one of SQLite's supported isolation levels: "DEFERRED", diff --git a/Doc/library/ssl.rst b/Doc/library/ssl.rst index 01d86c8beb..2636b15bf4 100644 --- a/Doc/library/ssl.rst +++ b/Doc/library/ssl.rst @@ -455,8 +455,8 @@ Certificate handling :meth:`SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths`. The return value is a :term:`named tuple` ``DefaultVerifyPaths``: - * :attr:`cafile` - resolved path to cafile or None if the file doesn't exist, - * :attr:`capath` - resolved path to capath or None if the directory doesn't exist, + * :attr:`cafile` - resolved path to cafile or ``None`` if the file doesn't exist, + * :attr:`capath` - resolved path to capath or ``None`` if the directory doesn't exist, * :attr:`openssl_cafile_env` - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a cafile, * :attr:`openssl_cafile` - hard coded path to a cafile, * :attr:`openssl_capath_env` - OpenSSL's environment key that points to a capath, diff --git a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst index dac992a3d9..2587ac85b0 100644 --- a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst +++ b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst @@ -1751,13 +1751,13 @@ expression support in the :mod:`re` module). If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals (integers) or characters (strings of length 1) to Unicode ordinals, - strings (of arbitrary lengths) or None. Character keys will then be + strings (of arbitrary lengths) or ``None``. Character keys will then be converted to ordinals. If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it must be a string, - whose characters will be mapped to None in the result. + whose characters will be mapped to ``None`` in the result. .. method:: str.partition(sep) @@ -3751,7 +3751,7 @@ copying. memory as an N-dimensional array. .. versionchanged:: 3.3 - An empty tuple instead of None when ndim = 0. + An empty tuple instead of ``None`` when ndim = 0. .. attribute:: strides @@ -3759,7 +3759,7 @@ copying. access each element for each dimension of the array. .. versionchanged:: 3.3 - An empty tuple instead of None when ndim = 0. + An empty tuple instead of ``None`` when ndim = 0. .. attribute:: suboffsets diff --git a/Doc/library/string.rst b/Doc/library/string.rst index d5d24301b6..05418a9bb7 100644 --- a/Doc/library/string.rst +++ b/Doc/library/string.rst @@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ The available integer presentation types are: In addition to the above presentation types, integers can be formatted with the floating point presentation types listed below (except -``'n'`` and None). When doing so, :func:`float` is used to convert the +``'n'`` and ``None``). When doing so, :func:`float` is used to convert the integer to a floating point number before formatting. The available presentation types for floating point and decimal values are: diff --git a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst index 356605f76c..615adb23a6 100644 --- a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst +++ b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst @@ -104,17 +104,17 @@ compatibility with older versions, see the :ref:`call-function-trio` section. .. attribute:: stdout Captured stdout from the child process. A bytes sequence, or a string if - :func:`run` was called with ``universal_newlines=True``. None if stdout + :func:`run` was called with ``universal_newlines=True``. ``None`` if stdout was not captured. If you ran the process with ``stderr=subprocess.STDOUT``, stdout and stderr will be combined in this attribute, and :attr:`stderr` will be - None. + ``None``. .. attribute:: stderr Captured stderr from the child process. A bytes sequence, or a string if - :func:`run` was called with ``universal_newlines=True``. None if stderr + :func:`run` was called with ``universal_newlines=True``. ``None`` if stderr was not captured. .. method:: check_returncode() diff --git a/Doc/library/sys.rst b/Doc/library/sys.rst index ed5db05516..7aed75d483 100644 --- a/Doc/library/sys.rst +++ b/Doc/library/sys.rst @@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ always available. .. note:: Under some conditions ``stdin``, ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` as well as the original values ``__stdin__``, ``__stdout__`` and ``__stderr__`` can be - None. It is usually the case for Windows GUI apps that aren't connected + ``None``. It is usually the case for Windows GUI apps that aren't connected to a console and Python apps started with :program:`pythonw`. diff --git a/Doc/library/test.rst b/Doc/library/test.rst index 2ea9c27e49..59577f0fe8 100644 --- a/Doc/library/test.rst +++ b/Doc/library/test.rst @@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following functions: A context manager that creates a temporary directory at *path* and yields the directory. - If *path* is None, the temporary directory is created using + If *path* is ``None``, the temporary directory is created using :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp`. If *quiet* is ``False``, the context manager raises an exception on error. Otherwise, if *path* is specified and cannot be created, only a warning is issued. @@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following functions: The context manager creates a temporary directory in the current directory with name *name* before temporarily changing the current - working directory. If *name* is None, the temporary directory is + working directory. If *name* is ``None``, the temporary directory is created using :func:`tempfile.mkdtemp`. If *quiet* is ``False`` and it is not possible to create or change diff --git a/Doc/library/threading.rst b/Doc/library/threading.rst index 3066496fa4..5063ede6ac 100644 --- a/Doc/library/threading.rst +++ b/Doc/library/threading.rst @@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ Semaphores also support the :ref:`context management protocol <with-locks>`. without an argument would block, return false immediately; otherwise, do the same thing as when called without arguments, and return true. - When invoked with a *timeout* other than None, it will block for at + When invoked with a *timeout* other than ``None``, it will block for at most *timeout* seconds. If acquire does not complete successfully in that interval, return false. Return true otherwise. @@ -854,8 +854,8 @@ For example:: Create a timer that will run *function* with arguments *args* and keyword arguments *kwargs*, after *interval* seconds have passed. - If *args* is None (the default) then an empty list will be used. - If *kwargs* is None (the default) then an empty dict will be used. + If *args* is ``None`` (the default) then an empty list will be used. + If *kwargs* is ``None`` (the default) then an empty dict will be used. .. versionchanged:: 3.3 changed from a factory function to a class. diff --git a/Doc/library/tkinter.ttk.rst b/Doc/library/tkinter.ttk.rst index dbb5bd2505..3dad182ccc 100644 --- a/Doc/library/tkinter.ttk.rst +++ b/Doc/library/tkinter.ttk.rst @@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ option. If you don't know the class name of a widget, use the method Layouts ^^^^^^^ -A layout can be just None, if it takes no options, or a dict of +A layout can be just ``None``, if it takes no options, or a dict of options specifying how to arrange the element. The layout mechanism uses a simplified version of the pack geometry manager: given an initial cavity, each element is allocated a parcel. Valid diff --git a/Doc/library/turtle.rst b/Doc/library/turtle.rst index e4a82eaada..1986972549 100644 --- a/Doc/library/turtle.rst +++ b/Doc/library/turtle.rst @@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ Turtle motion :param n: an integer (or ``None``) - Delete all or first/last *n* of turtle's stamps. If *n* is None, delete + Delete all or first/last *n* of turtle's stamps. If *n* is ``None``, delete all stamps, if *n* > 0 delete first *n* stamps, else if *n* < 0 delete last *n* stamps. @@ -1799,7 +1799,7 @@ Input methods Pop up a dialog window for input of a string. Parameter title is the title of the dialog window, propmt is a text mostly describing what information to input. - Return the string input. If the dialog is canceled, return None. :: + Return the string input. If the dialog is canceled, return ``None``. :: >>> screen.textinput("NIM", "Name of first player:") @@ -1819,7 +1819,7 @@ Input methods The number input must be in the range minval .. maxval if these are given. If not, a hint is issued and the dialog remains open for correction. - Return the number input. If the dialog is canceled, return None. :: + Return the number input. If the dialog is canceled, return ``None``. :: >>> screen.numinput("Poker", "Your stakes:", 1000, minval=10, maxval=10000) @@ -1984,10 +1984,10 @@ Methods specific to Screen, not inherited from TurtleScreen :param height: if an integer, the height in pixels, if a float, a fraction of the screen; default is 75% of screen :param startx: if positive, starting position in pixels from the left - edge of the screen, if negative from the right edge, if None, + edge of the screen, if negative from the right edge, if ``None``, center window horizontally :param starty: if positive, starting position in pixels from the top - edge of the screen, if negative from the bottom edge, if None, + edge of the screen, if negative from the bottom edge, if ``None``, center window vertically .. doctest:: diff --git a/Doc/library/typing.rst b/Doc/library/typing.rst index 898a0f01e1..9f7fa1a7cf 100644 --- a/Doc/library/typing.rst +++ b/Doc/library/typing.rst @@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ The module defines the following classes, functions and decorators: This is often the same as ``obj.__annotations__``, but it handles forward references encoded as string literals, and if necessary - adds ``Optional[t]`` if a default value equal to None is set. + adds ``Optional[t]`` if a default value equal to ``None`` is set. .. decorator:: overload diff --git a/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst b/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst index c13f09512c..ef30c01b99 100644 --- a/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst +++ b/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ the *new_callable* argument to :func:`patch`. .. versionadded:: 3.5 - * *wraps*: Item for the mock object to wrap. If *wraps* is not None then + * *wraps*: Item for the mock object to wrap. If *wraps* is not ``None`` then calling the Mock will pass the call through to the wrapped object (returning the real result). Attribute access on the mock will return a Mock object that wraps the corresponding attribute of the wrapped diff --git a/Doc/library/unittest.rst b/Doc/library/unittest.rst index b160db8f38..b9b339b761 100644 --- a/Doc/library/unittest.rst +++ b/Doc/library/unittest.rst @@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ Test cases .. method:: assertIsNone(expr, msg=None) assertIsNotNone(expr, msg=None) - Test that *expr* is (or is not) None. + Test that *expr* is (or is not) ``None``. .. versionadded:: 3.1 @@ -1340,7 +1340,7 @@ Test cases methods that delegate to it), :meth:`assertDictEqual` and :meth:`assertMultiLineEqual`. - Setting ``maxDiff`` to None means that there is no maximum length of + Setting ``maxDiff`` to ``None`` means that there is no maximum length of diffs. .. versionadded:: 3.2 diff --git a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst index 1291aebcd2..41b5eced38 100644 --- a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst +++ b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst @@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ request. .. attribute:: Request.data - The entity body for the request, or None if not specified. + The entity body for the request, or ``None`` if not specified. .. versionchanged:: 3.4 Changing value of :attr:`Request.data` now deletes "Content-Length" diff --git a/Doc/library/xml.sax.reader.rst b/Doc/library/xml.sax.reader.rst index c368fc2e5a..1b6e43145b 100644 --- a/Doc/library/xml.sax.reader.rst +++ b/Doc/library/xml.sax.reader.rst @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ InputSource Objects Get the byte stream for this input source. The getEncoding method will return the character encoding for this byte stream, - or None if unknown. + or ``None`` if unknown. .. method:: InputSource.setCharacterStream(charfile) diff --git a/Doc/library/zipapp.rst b/Doc/library/zipapp.rst index 7c7767f0d4..9dee9a5ac0 100644 --- a/Doc/library/zipapp.rst +++ b/Doc/library/zipapp.rst @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ The module defines two convenience functions: the archive will be written to that file. * If it is an open file object, the archive will be written to that file object, which must be open for writing in bytes mode. - * If the target is omitted (or None), the source must be a directory + * If the target is omitted (or ``None``), the source must be a directory and the target will be a file with the same name as the source, with a ``.pyz`` extension added. diff --git a/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst b/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst index 6894c7ca28..b763f10eeb 100644 --- a/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst +++ b/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst @@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ Custom classes dictionary containing the class's namespace; :attr:`~class.__bases__` is a tuple (possibly empty or a singleton) containing the base classes, in the order of their occurrence in the base class list; :attr:`__doc__` is the - class's documentation string, or None if undefined. + class's documentation string, or ``None`` if undefined. Class instances .. index:: diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst index 9f3584dc9f..2774b44c20 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst @@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ which is now deprecated. If specified, the optional *filter* parameter needs to be a :term:`keyword argument`. The user-supplied filter function accepts a :class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` object and returns an updated :class:`~tarfile.TarInfo` object, or if it wants the file to be excluded, the -function can return *None*:: +function can return ``None``:: >>> import tarfile, glob @@ -1488,7 +1488,7 @@ evaluating expression strings using the Python literal syntax. The :func:`ast.literal_eval` function serves as a secure alternative to the builtin :func:`eval` function which is easily abused. Python 3.2 adds :class:`bytes` and :class:`set` literals to the list of supported types: -strings, bytes, numbers, tuples, lists, dicts, sets, booleans, and None. +strings, bytes, numbers, tuples, lists, dicts, sets, booleans, and ``None``. :: diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst index 1cfa926fe1..3e2ca7aaca 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ API changes * The maximum number of dimensions is officially limited to 64. * The representation of empty shape, strides and suboffsets is now - an empty tuple instead of None. + an empty tuple instead of ``None``. * Accessing a memoryview element with format 'B' (unsigned bytes) now returns an integer (in accordance with the struct module syntax). diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst index 1e5c9d1fbd..8909539d72 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ CPython implementation improvements: * :ref:`Safe object finalization <whatsnew-pep-442>` (:pep:`442`). * Leveraging :pep:`442`, in most cases :ref:`module globals are no longer set - to None during finalization <whatsnew-pep-442>` (:issue:`18214`). + to ``None`` during finalization <whatsnew-pep-442>` (:issue:`18214`). * :ref:`Configurable memory allocators <whatsnew-pep-445>` (:pep:`445`). * :ref:`Argument Clinic <whatsnew-pep-436>` (:pep:`436`). |