bpo-36743: __get__ is sometimes called without the owner argument (GH-12992) (GH-15589)

(cherry picked from commit 0dac68f1e593c11612ed54af9edb865d398f3b05)

Co-authored-by: Raymond Hettinger <rhettinger@users.noreply.github.com>

5 files changed, 24 insertions, 13 deletions

diff --git a/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst b/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst
index d1702ccb64..8813f57587 100644
--- a/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst
+++ b/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst
@@ -1618,21 +1618,32 @@ refers to the attribute whose name is the key of the property in the owner
 class' :attr:`~object.__dict__`.
 
 
-.. method:: object.__get__(self, instance, owner)
+.. method:: object.__get__(self, instance, owner=None)
 
-   Called to get the attribute of the owner class (class attribute access) or of an
-   instance of that class (instance attribute access). *owner* is always the owner
-   class, while *instance* is the instance that the attribute was accessed through,
-   or ``None`` when the attribute is accessed through the *owner*.  This method
-   should return the (computed) attribute value or raise an :exc:`AttributeError`
-   exception.
+   Called to get the attribute of the owner class (class attribute access) or
+   of an instance of that class (instance attribute access). The optional
+   *owner* argument is the owner class, while *instance* is the instance that
+   the attribute was accessed through, or ``None`` when the attribute is
+   accessed through the *owner*.
 
+   This method should return the computed attribute value or raise an
+   :exc:`AttributeError` exception.
+
+   :PEP:`252` specifies that :meth:`__get__` is callable with one or two
+   arguments.  Python's own built-in descriptors support this specification;
+   however, it is likely that some third-party tools have descriptors
+   that require both arguments.  Python's own :meth:`__getattribute__`
+   implementation always passes in both arguments whether they are required
+   or not.
 
 .. method:: object.__set__(self, instance, value)
 
    Called to set the attribute on an instance *instance* of the owner class to a
    new value, *value*.
 
+   Note, adding :meth:`__set__` or :meth:`__delete__` changes the kind of
+   descriptor to a "data descriptor".  See :ref:`descriptor-invocation` for
+   more details.
 
 .. method:: object.__delete__(self, instance)
 
diff --git a/Lib/_pyio.py b/Lib/_pyio.py
index 650109295f..eb4e6620fc 100644
--- a/Lib/_pyio.py
+++ b/Lib/_pyio.py
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ except AttributeError:
 class DocDescriptor:
     """Helper for builtins.open.__doc__
     """
-    def __get__(self, obj, typ):
+    def __get__(self, obj, typ=None):
         return (
             "open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, "
                  "errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True)\n\n" +
diff --git a/Lib/functools.py b/Lib/functools.py
index 64d120182b..a674a685df 100644
--- a/Lib/functools.py
+++ b/Lib/functools.py
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ class partialmethod(object):
         _method._partialmethod = self
         return _method
 
-    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):
         get = getattr(self.func, "__get__", None)
         result = None
         if get is not None:
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ class singledispatchmethod:
         """
         return self.dispatcher.register(cls, func=method)
 
-    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):
         def _method(*args, **kwargs):
             method = self.dispatcher.dispatch(args[0].__class__)
             return method.__get__(obj, cls)(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ class cached_property:
                 f"({self.attrname!r} and {name!r})."
             )
 
-    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
+    def __get__(self, instance, owner=None):
         if instance is None:
             return self
         if self.attrname is None:
diff --git a/Lib/unittest/mock.py b/Lib/unittest/mock.py
index 7ab6812591..4c76f53f38 100644
--- a/Lib/unittest/mock.py
+++ b/Lib/unittest/mock.py
@@ -2806,7 +2806,7 @@ class PropertyMock(Mock):
     def _get_child_mock(self, /, **kwargs):
         return MagicMock(**kwargs)
 
-    def __get__(self, obj, obj_type):
+    def __get__(self, obj, obj_type=None):
         return self()
     def __set__(self, obj, val):
         self(val)
diff --git a/Tools/demo/eiffel.py b/Tools/demo/eiffel.py
index 736abea817..a76c2324dd 100755
--- a/Tools/demo/eiffel.py
+++ b/Tools/demo/eiffel.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class EiffelDescriptor:
         self.__name__ = func.__name__
         self.__doc__ = func.__doc__
 
-    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
+    def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):
         return EiffelMethodWrapper(obj, self)
 
     def callmethod(self, inst, args, kwargs):