Anna Ravenscroft identified many occurrences of "file" used to open a file

in the stdlib and changed each of them to use "open" instead.  At this
time there are no other known occurrences that can be safely changed (in
Lib and all subdirectories thereof).

17 files changed, 53 insertions, 53 deletions

diff --git a/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py
index 0ea4bb7334..96923bdca4 100644
--- a/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py
+++ b/Lib/distutils/sysconfig.py
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ def _init_posix():
     # load the installed pyconfig.h:
     try:
         filename = get_config_h_filename()
-        parse_config_h(file(filename), g)
+        parse_config_h(open(filename), g)
     except IOError, msg:
         my_msg = "invalid Python installation: unable to open %s" % filename
         if hasattr(msg, "strerror"):
diff --git a/Lib/idlelib/ColorDelegator.py b/Lib/idlelib/ColorDelegator.py
index e55f9e6b77..4cfcdc6353 100644
--- a/Lib/idlelib/ColorDelegator.py
+++ b/Lib/idlelib/ColorDelegator.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def make_pat():
     kw = r"\b" + any("KEYWORD", keyword.kwlist) + r"\b"
     builtinlist = [str(name) for name in dir(__builtin__)
                                         if not name.startswith('_')]
-    # self.file = file("file") :
+    # self.file = open("file") :
     # 1st 'file' colorized normal, 2nd as builtin, 3rd as string
     builtin = r"([^.'\"\\#]\b|^)" + any("BUILTIN", builtinlist) + r"\b"
     comment = any("COMMENT", [r"#[^\n]*"])
diff --git a/Lib/pstats.py b/Lib/pstats.py
index 20edd70f5a..2acdadcde1 100644
--- a/Lib/pstats.py
+++ b/Lib/pstats.py
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class Stats:
 
     def dump_stats(self, filename):
         """Write the profile data to a file we know how to load back."""
-        f = file(filename, 'wb')
+        f = open(filename, 'wb')
         try:
             marshal.dump(self.stats, f)
         finally:
diff --git a/Lib/site.py b/Lib/site.py
index 92798ca3c5..0cf19cd349 100644
--- a/Lib/site.py
+++ b/Lib/site.py
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ class _Printer(object):
             for filename in self.__files:
                 filename = os.path.join(dir, filename)
                 try:
-                    fp = file(filename, "rU")
+                    fp = open(filename, "rU")
                     data = fp.read()
                     fp.close()
                     break
diff --git a/Lib/tarfile.py b/Lib/tarfile.py
index 38cccae1d5..f7ddac83ff 100644
--- a/Lib/tarfile.py
+++ b/Lib/tarfile.py
@@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ class TarFile(object):
         self.mode = {"r": "rb", "a": "r+b", "w": "wb"}[mode]
 
         if not fileobj:
-            fileobj = file(self.name, self.mode)
+            fileobj = open(self.name, self.mode)
             self._extfileobj = False
         else:
             if self.name is None and hasattr(fileobj, "name"):
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ class TarFile(object):
         tarname = pre + ext
 
         if fileobj is None:
-            fileobj = file(name, mode + "b")
+            fileobj = open(name, mode + "b")
 
         if mode != "r":
             name = tarname
@@ -1355,7 +1355,7 @@ class TarFile(object):
 
         # Append the tar header and data to the archive.
         if tarinfo.isreg():
-            f = file(name, "rb")
+            f = open(name, "rb")
             self.addfile(tarinfo, f)
             f.close()
 
@@ -1617,7 +1617,7 @@ class TarFile(object):
         """Make a file called targetpath.
         """
         source = self.extractfile(tarinfo)
-        target = file(targetpath, "wb")
+        target = open(targetpath, "wb")
         copyfileobj(source, target)
         source.close()
         target.close()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_bool.py b/Lib/test/test_bool.py
index 15e1ef7a44..97ac4809a5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_bool.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_bool.py
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class BoolTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_fileclosed(self):
         try:
-            f = file(test_support.TESTFN, "w")
+            f = open(test_support.TESTFN, "w")
             self.assertIs(f.closed, False)
             f.close()
             self.assertIs(f.closed, True)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_bz2.py b/Lib/test/test_bz2.py
index 85617235d1..518005aada 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_bz2.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_bz2.py
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class BZ2FileTest(BaseTest):
         self.createTempFile()
         bz2f = BZ2File(self.filename, "U")
         bz2f.close()
-        f = file(self.filename)
+        f = open(self.filename)
         f.seek(0, 2)
         self.assertEqual(f.tell(), len(self.DATA))
         f.close()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_descr.py b/Lib/test/test_descr.py
index 3fb01e73c0..53054adfd5 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_descr.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_descr.py
@@ -2338,7 +2338,7 @@ def inherits():
                 self.ateof = 1
             return s
 
-    f = file(name=TESTFN, mode='w')
+    f = open(name=TESTFN, mode='w')
     lines = ['a\n', 'b\n', 'c\n']
     try:
         f.writelines(lines)
@@ -2394,7 +2394,7 @@ def restricted():
     sandbox = rexec.RExec()
 
     code1 = """f = open(%r, 'w')""" % TESTFN
-    code2 = """f = file(%r, 'w')""" % TESTFN
+    code2 = """f = open(%r, 'w')""" % TESTFN
     code3 = """\
 f = open(%r)
 t = type(f)  # a sneaky way to get the file() constructor
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_inspect.py b/Lib/test/test_inspect.py
index e9f9ef1ebb..1030f972e9 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_inspect.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_inspect.py
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class GetSourceBase(unittest.TestCase):
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         unittest.TestCase.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
-        self.source = file(inspect.getsourcefile(self.fodderFile)).read()
+        self.source = open(inspect.getsourcefile(self.fodderFile)).read()
 
     def sourcerange(self, top, bottom):
         lines = self.source.split("\n")
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_iter.py b/Lib/test/test_iter.py
index 324eb6820c..81be7e1699 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_iter.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_iter.py
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     # Test iterators with file.writelines().
     def test_writelines(self):
-        f = file(TESTFN, "w")
+        f = open(TESTFN, "w")
 
         try:
             self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.writelines, None)
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@ class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             f.writelines(Whatever(6, 6+2000))
             f.close()
 
-            f = file(TESTFN)
+            f = open(TESTFN)
             expected = [str(i) + "\n" for i in range(1, 2006)]
             self.assertEqual(list(f), expected)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_marshal.py b/Lib/test/test_marshal.py
index f87495bae2..4467577b06 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_marshal.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_marshal.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ class IntTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 s = marshal.dumps(expected)
                 got = marshal.loads(s)
                 self.assertEqual(expected, got)
-                marshal.dump(expected, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-                got = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+                marshal.dump(expected, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+                got = marshal.load( open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
                 self.assertEqual(expected, got)
             n = n >> 1
         os.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ class IntTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             new = marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(b))
             self.assertEqual(b, new)
             self.assertEqual(type(b), type(new))
-            marshal.dump(b, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-            new = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+            marshal.dump(b, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+            new = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
             self.assertEqual(b, new)
             self.assertEqual(type(b), type(new))
 
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ class FloatTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 s = marshal.dumps(f)
                 got = marshal.loads(s)
                 self.assertEqual(f, got)
-                marshal.dump(f, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-                got = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+                marshal.dump(f, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+                got = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
                 self.assertEqual(f, got)
             n /= 123.4567
 
@@ -94,12 +94,12 @@ class FloatTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 got = marshal.loads(s)
                 self.assertEqual(f, got)
 
-                marshal.dump(f, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-                got = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+                marshal.dump(f, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+                got = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
                 self.assertEqual(f, got)
 
-                marshal.dump(f, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"), 1)
-                got = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+                marshal.dump(f, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"), 1)
+                got = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
                 self.assertEqual(f, got)
             n *= 123.4567
         os.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ class StringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             new = marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(s))
             self.assertEqual(s, new)
             self.assertEqual(type(s), type(new))
-            marshal.dump(s, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-            new = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+            marshal.dump(s, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+            new = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
             self.assertEqual(s, new)
             self.assertEqual(type(s), type(new))
         os.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)
@@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ class StringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             new = marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(s))
             self.assertEqual(s, new)
             self.assertEqual(type(s), type(new))
-            marshal.dump(s, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-            new = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+            marshal.dump(s, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+            new = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
             self.assertEqual(s, new)
             self.assertEqual(type(s), type(new))
         os.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ class StringTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             b = buffer(s)
             new = marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(b))
             self.assertEqual(s, new)
-            marshal.dump(b, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-            new = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+            marshal.dump(b, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+            new = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
             self.assertEqual(s, new)
         os.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)
 
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ class ContainerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_dict(self):
         new = marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(self.d))
         self.assertEqual(self.d, new)
-        marshal.dump(self.d, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-        new = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+        marshal.dump(self.d, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+        new = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
         self.assertEqual(self.d, new)
         os.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)
 
@@ -170,8 +170,8 @@ class ContainerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         lst = self.d.items()
         new = marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(lst))
         self.assertEqual(lst, new)
-        marshal.dump(lst, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-        new = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+        marshal.dump(lst, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+        new = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
         self.assertEqual(lst, new)
         os.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)
 
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ class ContainerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         t = tuple(self.d.keys())
         new = marshal.loads(marshal.dumps(t))
         self.assertEqual(t, new)
-        marshal.dump(t, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-        new = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+        marshal.dump(t, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+        new = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
         self.assertEqual(t, new)
         os.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)
 
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ class ContainerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(t, new)
             self.assert_(isinstance(new, constructor))
             self.assertNotEqual(id(t), id(new))
-            marshal.dump(t, file(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
-            new = marshal.load(file(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
+            marshal.dump(t, open(test_support.TESTFN, "wb"))
+            new = marshal.load(open(test_support.TESTFN, "rb"))
             self.assertEqual(t, new)
             os.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_os.py b/Lib/test/test_os.py
index 9497777218..bf0e196e67 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_os.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_os.py
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ class WalkTests(unittest.TestCase):
         os.makedirs(sub11_path)
         os.makedirs(sub2_path)
         for path in tmp1_path, tmp2_path, tmp3_path:
-            f = file(path, "w")
+            f = open(path, "w")
             f.write("I'm " + path + " and proud of it.  Blame test_os.\n")
             f.close()
 
@@ -361,10 +361,10 @@ class MakedirTests (unittest.TestCase):
 
 class DevNullTests (unittest.TestCase):
     def test_devnull(self):
-        f = file(os.devnull, 'w')
+        f = open(os.devnull, 'w')
         f.write('hello')
         f.close()
-        f = file(os.devnull, 'r')
+        f = open(os.devnull, 'r')
         self.assertEqual(f.read(), '')
         f.close()
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py b/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
index ebcb8c59f5..a47afa4ee1 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_tarfile.py
@@ -333,11 +333,11 @@ class WriteStreamTest(WriteTest):
             f.close()
         elif self.comp == "bz2":
             f = bz2.BZ2Decompressor()
-            s = file(self.dstname).read()
+            s = open(self.dstname).read()
             s = f.decompress(s)
             self.assertEqual(len(f.unused_data), 0, "trailing data")
         else:
-            f = file(self.dstname)
+            f = open(self.dstname)
             s = f.read()
             f.close()
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_unicode_file.py b/Lib/test/test_unicode_file.py
index 6443efd796..0058d98a24 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_unicode_file.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_unicode_file.py
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class TestUnicodeFiles(unittest.TestCase):
     # top-level 'test' functions would be if they could take params
     def _test_single(self, filename):
         remove_if_exists(filename)
-        f = file(filename, "w")
+        f = open(filename, "w")
         f.close()
         try:
             self._do_single(filename)
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class TestUnicodeFiles(unittest.TestCase):
     def _test_equivalent(self, filename1, filename2):
         remove_if_exists(filename1)
         self.failUnless(not os.path.exists(filename2))
-        f = file(filename1, "w")
+        f = open(filename1, "w")
         f.close()
         try:
             self._do_equivilent(filename1, filename2)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urllib.py b/Lib/test/test_urllib.py
index 4579c479d1..eb962d2491 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urllib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urllib.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class urlopen_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         """Setup of a temp file to use for testing"""
         self.text = "test_urllib: %s\n" % self.__class__.__name__
-        FILE = file(test_support.TESTFN, 'wb')
+        FILE = open(test_support.TESTFN, 'wb')
         try:
             FILE.write(self.text)
         finally:
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class urlretrieve_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.registerFileForCleanUp(test_support.TESTFN)
         self.text = 'testing urllib.urlretrieve'
         try:
-            FILE = file(test_support.TESTFN, 'wb')
+            FILE = open(test_support.TESTFN, 'wb')
             FILE.write(self.text)
             FILE.close()
         finally:
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class urlretrieve_FileTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(second_temp, result[0])
         self.assert_(os.path.exists(second_temp), "copy of the file was not "
                                                   "made")
-        FILE = file(second_temp, 'rb')
+        FILE = open(second_temp, 'rb')
         try:
             text = FILE.read()
             FILE.close()
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_urllibnet.py b/Lib/test/test_urllibnet.py
index 9105afe42a..675184bd1c 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_urllibnet.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_urllibnet.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class urlretrieveNetworkTests(unittest.TestCase):
         file_location,info = urllib.urlretrieve("http://www.python.org/")
         self.assert_(os.path.exists(file_location), "file location returned by"
                         " urlretrieve is not a valid path")
-        FILE = file(file_location)
+        FILE = open(file_location)
         try:
             self.assert_(FILE.read(), "reading from the file location returned"
                          " by urlretrieve failed")
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class urlretrieveNetworkTests(unittest.TestCase):
                                                 test_support.TESTFN)
         self.assertEqual(file_location, test_support.TESTFN)
         self.assert_(os.path.exists(file_location))
-        FILE = file(file_location)
+        FILE = open(file_location)
         try:
             self.assert_(FILE.read(), "reading from temporary file failed")
         finally:
diff --git a/Lib/webbrowser.py b/Lib/webbrowser.py
index 7a1a3b4994..b9fdd5d54b 100644
--- a/Lib/webbrowser.py
+++ b/Lib/webbrowser.py
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser):
         cmdline = [self.name] + raise_opt + args
 
         if remote or self.background:
-            inout = file(os.devnull, "r+")
+            inout = open(os.devnull, "r+")
         else:
             # for TTY browsers, we need stdin/out
             inout = None
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class Konqueror(BaseBrowser):
         else:
             action = "openURL"
 
-        devnull = file(os.devnull, "r+")
+        devnull = open(os.devnull, "r+")
         # if possible, put browser in separate process group, so
         # keyboard interrupts don't affect browser as well as Python
         setsid = getattr(os, 'setsid', None)