Remove global directory switching from specstests/less_flakyness

`Dir.chdir` is not thread safe, so it makes our parallel specs flaky.
Instead, use the following alternatives:

* Use `:chdir` parameter to `Open3` methods for specs that shell out.
* Stub `find_gemfile` or other relevant helpers for unit tests.

52 files changed, 511 insertions, 647 deletions

diff --git a/spec/bundler/bundler_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/bundler_spec.rb
index 27477465bb..7237f644e2 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/bundler_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/bundler_spec.rb
@@ -210,6 +210,8 @@ EOF
         gem "rack"
       G
 
+      allow(Bundler).to receive(:root).and_return(bundled_app)
+
       Bundler.mkdir_p(bundled_app.join("foo", "bar"))
       expect(bundled_app.join("foo", "bar")).to exist
     end
diff --git a/spec/bundler/definition_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/definition_spec.rb
index ad6d4e433e..d0ebb37933 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/definition_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/definition_spec.rb
@@ -210,6 +210,8 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Definition do
           source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
           gem "foo"
           G
+
+          allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
         end
 
         it "should get a locked specs list when updating all" do
@@ -267,6 +269,8 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Definition do
             BUNDLED WITH
                1.13.0
           L
+
+          allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
         end
 
         it "should not eagerly unlock shared dependency with bundle install conservative updating behavior" do
diff --git a/spec/bundler/dsl_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/dsl_spec.rb
index 56a5bfdb48..319472d4b0 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/dsl_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/dsl_spec.rb
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Dsl do
 
   describe "#method_missing" do
     it "raises an error for unknown DSL methods" do
-      expect(Bundler).to receive(:read_file).with(bundled_app("Gemfile").to_s).
+      expect(Bundler).to receive(:read_file).with(root.join("Gemfile").to_s).
         and_return("unknown")
 
       error_msg = "There was an error parsing `Gemfile`: Undefined local variable or method `unknown' for Gemfile. Bundler cannot continue."
@@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Dsl do
 
   describe "#eval_gemfile" do
     it "handles syntax errors with a useful message" do
-      expect(Bundler).to receive(:read_file).with(bundled_app("Gemfile").to_s).and_return("}")
+      expect(Bundler).to receive(:read_file).with(root.join("Gemfile").to_s).and_return("}")
       expect { subject.eval_gemfile("Gemfile") }.
         to raise_error(Bundler::GemfileError, /There was an error parsing `Gemfile`: (syntax error, unexpected tSTRING_DEND|(compile error - )?syntax error, unexpected '\}'). Bundler cannot continue./)
     end
 
     it "distinguishes syntax errors from evaluation errors" do
-      expect(Bundler).to receive(:read_file).with(bundled_app("Gemfile").to_s).and_return(
+      expect(Bundler).to receive(:read_file).with(root.join("Gemfile").to_s).and_return(
         "ruby '2.1.5', :engine => 'ruby', :engine_version => '1.2.4'"
       )
       expect { subject.eval_gemfile("Gemfile") }.
diff --git a/spec/bundler/env_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/env_spec.rb
index aefedebf13..8ff5ddada6 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/env_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/env_spec.rb
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Env do
           BUNDLED WITH
              1.10.0
         L
+
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
       end
 
       let(:output) { described_class.report(:print_gemfile => true) }
@@ -125,6 +127,8 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Env do
         File.open(bundled_app.join("foo.gemspec"), "wb") do |f|
           f.write(gemspec)
         end
+
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
       end
 
       it "prints the gemspec" do
@@ -137,13 +141,15 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Env do
 
     context "when eval_gemfile is used" do
       it "prints all gemfiles" do
-        create_file "other/Gemfile-other", "gem 'rack'"
-        create_file "other/Gemfile", "eval_gemfile 'Gemfile-other'"
-        create_file "Gemfile-alt", <<-G
+        create_file bundled_app("other/Gemfile-other"), "gem 'rack'"
+        create_file bundled_app("other/Gemfile"), "eval_gemfile 'Gemfile-other'"
+        create_file bundled_app("Gemfile-alt"), <<-G
           source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
           eval_gemfile "other/Gemfile"
         G
-        gemfile "eval_gemfile #{File.expand_path("Gemfile-alt").dump}"
+        gemfile "eval_gemfile #{bundled_app("Gemfile-alt").to_s.dump}"
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:pwd).and_return(bundled_app)
 
         output = described_class.report(:print_gemspecs => true)
         expect(output).to include(strip_whitespace(<<-ENV))
@@ -152,7 +158,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Env do
           ### Gemfile
 
           ```ruby
-          eval_gemfile #{File.expand_path("Gemfile-alt").dump}
+          eval_gemfile #{bundled_app("Gemfile-alt").to_s.dump}
           ```
 
           ### Gemfile-alt
diff --git a/spec/bundler/gem_helper_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/gem_helper_spec.rb
index b27c96b9a5..6af78e00be 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/gem_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/gem_helper_spec.rb
@@ -178,13 +178,11 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::GemHelper do
       end
 
       before do
-        Dir.chdir(app_path) do
-          `git init`
-          `git config user.email "you@example.com"`
-          `git config user.name "name"`
-          `git config commit.gpgsign false`
-          `git config push.default simple`
-        end
+        sys_exec("git init", :dir => app_path)
+        sys_exec("git config user.email \"you@example.com\"", :dir => app_path)
+        sys_exec("git config user.name \"name\"", :dir => app_path)
+        sys_exec("git config commit.gpgsign false", :dir => app_path)
+        sys_exec("git config push.default simple", :dir => app_path)
 
         # silence messages
         allow(Bundler.ui).to receive(:confirm)
@@ -198,13 +196,13 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::GemHelper do
         end
 
         it "when there are uncommitted files" do
-          Dir.chdir(app_path) { `git add .` }
+          sys_exec("git add .", :dir => app_path)
           expect { Rake.application["release"].invoke }.
             to raise_error("There are files that need to be committed first.")
         end
 
         it "when there is no git remote" do
-          Dir.chdir(app_path) { `git commit -a -m "initial commit"` }
+          sys_exec("git commit -a -m \"initial commit\"", :dir => app_path)
           expect { Rake.application["release"].invoke }.to raise_error(RuntimeError)
         end
       end
@@ -213,10 +211,8 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::GemHelper do
         let(:repo) { build_git("foo", :bare => true) }
 
         before do
-          Dir.chdir(app_path) do
-            sys_exec("git remote add origin #{file_uri_for(repo.path)}")
-            sys_exec('git commit -a -m "initial commit"')
-          end
+          sys_exec("git remote add origin #{file_uri_for(repo.path)}", :dir => app_path)
+          sys_exec('git commit -a -m "initial commit"', :dir => app_path)
         end
 
         context "on releasing" do
@@ -225,7 +221,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::GemHelper do
             mock_confirm_message "Tagged v#{app_version}."
             mock_confirm_message "Pushed git commits and tags."
 
-            Dir.chdir(app_path) { sys_exec("git push -u origin master") }
+            sys_exec("git push -u origin master", :dir => app_path)
           end
 
           it "calls rubygem_push with proper arguments" do
@@ -246,9 +242,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::GemHelper do
           mock_confirm_message "Tag v#{app_version} has already been created."
           expect(subject).to receive(:rubygem_push).with(app_gem_path.to_s)
 
-          Dir.chdir(app_path) do
-            `git tag -a -m \"Version #{app_version}\" v#{app_version}`
-          end
+          sys_exec("git tag -a -m \"Version #{app_version}\" v#{app_version}", :dir => app_path)
 
           Rake.application["release"].invoke
         end
@@ -269,12 +263,10 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::GemHelper do
       end
 
       before do
-        Dir.chdir(app_path) do
-          `git init`
-          `git config user.email "you@example.com"`
-          `git config user.name "name"`
-          `git config push.default simple`
-        end
+        sys_exec("git init", :dir => app_path)
+        sys_exec("git config user.email \"you@example.com\"", :dir => app_path)
+        sys_exec("git config user.name \"name\"", :dir => app_path)
+        sys_exec("git config push.gpgsign simple", :dir => app_path)
 
         # silence messages
         allow(Bundler.ui).to receive(:confirm)
diff --git a/spec/bundler/plugin/index_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/plugin/index_spec.rb
index e18e960fb8..925dc558ac 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/plugin/index_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/plugin/index_spec.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Plugin::Index do
   Index = Bundler::Plugin::Index
 
   before do
+    allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
     gemfile ""
     path = lib_path(plugin_name)
     index.register_plugin("new-plugin", path.to_s, [path.join("lib").to_s], commands, sources, hooks)
@@ -117,11 +118,11 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Plugin::Index do
 
   describe "global index" do
     before do
-      Dir.chdir(tmp) do
-        Bundler::Plugin.reset!
-        path = lib_path("gplugin")
-        index.register_plugin("gplugin", path.to_s, [path.join("lib").to_s], [], ["glb_source"], [])
-      end
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(nil)
+
+      Bundler::Plugin.reset!
+      path = lib_path("gplugin")
+      index.register_plugin("gplugin", path.to_s, [path.join("lib").to_s], [], ["glb_source"], [])
     end
 
     it "skips sources" do
diff --git a/spec/bundler/plugin_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/plugin_spec.rb
index cb6012da45..8c95723bcc 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/plugin_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/plugin_spec.rb
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Plugin do
   describe "#root" do
     context "in app dir" do
       before do
-        gemfile ""
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
       end
 
       it "returns plugin dir in app .bundle path" do
@@ -246,8 +246,11 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::Plugin do
     end
 
     context "outside app dir" do
+      before do
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(nil)
+      end
+
       it "returns plugin dir in global bundle path" do
-        Dir.chdir tmp
         expect(subject.root).to eq(home.join(".bundle/plugin"))
       end
     end
diff --git a/spec/bundler/settings_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/settings_spec.rb
index b83d768477..116a038445 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/settings_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/settings_spec.rb
@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ that would suck --ehhh=oh geez it looks like i might have broken bundler somehow
 
   describe "#temporary" do
     it "reset after used" do
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
+
       Bundler.settings.set_command_option :no_install, true
 
       Bundler.settings.temporary(:no_install => false) do
diff --git a/spec/bundler/shared_helpers_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/shared_helpers_spec.rb
index 5c91cb7bd1..4b4d5f33f6 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/shared_helpers_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/shared_helpers_spec.rb
@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::SharedHelpers do
   let(:ext_lock_double) { double(:ext_lock) }
 
   before do
+    pwd_stub
     allow(Bundler.rubygems).to receive(:ext_lock).and_return(ext_lock_double)
     allow(ext_lock_double).to receive(:synchronize) {|&block| block.call }
   end
 
+  let(:pwd_stub) { allow(subject).to receive(:pwd).and_return(bundled_app) }
+
   subject { Bundler::SharedHelpers }
 
   describe "#default_gemfile" do
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::SharedHelpers do
       let(:global_rubygems_dir) { Pathname.new(bundled_app) }
 
       before do
-        Dir.mkdir ".bundle"
+        Dir.mkdir bundled_app(".bundle")
         allow(Bundler.rubygems).to receive(:user_home).and_return(global_rubygems_dir)
       end
 
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::SharedHelpers do
       let(:expected_bundle_dir_path) { Pathname.new("#{bundled_app}/.bundle") }
 
       before do
-        Dir.mkdir ".bundle"
+        Dir.mkdir bundled_app(".bundle")
         allow(Bundler.rubygems).to receive(:user_home).and_return(global_rubygems_dir)
       end
 
@@ -109,8 +112,8 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::SharedHelpers do
 
     shared_examples_for "correctly determines whether to return a Gemfile path" do
       context "currently in directory with a Gemfile" do
-        before { FileUtils.touch("Gemfile") }
-        after { FileUtils.rm("Gemfile") }
+        before { FileUtils.touch(bundled_app_gemfile) }
+        after { FileUtils.rm(bundled_app_gemfile) }
 
         it "returns path of the bundle Gemfile" do
           expect(subject.in_bundle?).to eq("#{bundled_app}/Gemfile")
@@ -148,22 +151,24 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::SharedHelpers do
   describe "#chdir" do
     let(:op_block) { proc { Dir.mkdir "nested_dir" } }
 
-    before { Dir.mkdir "chdir_test_dir" }
+    before { Dir.mkdir bundled_app("chdir_test_dir") }
 
     it "executes the passed block while in the specified directory" do
-      subject.chdir("chdir_test_dir", &op_block)
-      expect(Pathname.new("chdir_test_dir/nested_dir")).to exist
+      subject.chdir(bundled_app("chdir_test_dir"), &op_block)
+      expect(bundled_app("chdir_test_dir/nested_dir")).to exist
     end
   end
 
   describe "#pwd" do
+    let(:pwd_stub) { nil }
+
     it "returns the current absolute path" do
-      expect(subject.pwd).to eq(bundled_app)
+      expect(subject.pwd).to eq(root)
     end
   end
 
   describe "#with_clean_git_env" do
-    let(:with_clean_git_env_block) { proc { Dir.mkdir "with_clean_git_env_test_dir" } }
+    let(:with_clean_git_env_block) { proc { Dir.mkdir bundled_app("with_clean_git_env_test_dir") } }
 
     before do
       ENV["GIT_DIR"] = "ORIGINAL_ENV_GIT_DIR"
@@ -172,20 +177,20 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::SharedHelpers do
 
     it "executes the passed block" do
       subject.with_clean_git_env(&with_clean_git_env_block)
-      expect(Pathname.new("with_clean_git_env_test_dir")).to exist
+      expect(bundled_app("with_clean_git_env_test_dir")).to exist
     end
 
     context "when a block is passed" do
       let(:with_clean_git_env_block) do
         proc do
-          Dir.mkdir "git_dir_test_dir" unless ENV["GIT_DIR"].nil?
-          Dir.mkdir "git_work_tree_test_dir" unless ENV["GIT_WORK_TREE"].nil?
+          Dir.mkdir bundled_app("git_dir_test_dir") unless ENV["GIT_DIR"].nil?
+          Dir.mkdir bundled_app("git_work_tree_test_dir") unless ENV["GIT_WORK_TREE"].nil?
         end end
 
       it "uses a fresh git env for execution" do
         subject.with_clean_git_env(&with_clean_git_env_block)
-        expect(Pathname.new("git_dir_test_dir")).to_not exist
-        expect(Pathname.new("git_work_tree_test_dir")).to_not exist
+        expect(bundled_app("git_dir_test_dir")).to_not exist
+        expect(bundled_app("git_work_tree_test_dir")).to_not exist
       end
     end
 
@@ -225,7 +230,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::SharedHelpers do
     end
 
     shared_examples_for "ENV['PATH'] gets set correctly" do
-      before { Dir.mkdir ".bundle" }
+      before { Dir.mkdir bundled_app(".bundle") }
 
       it "ensures bundle bin path is in ENV['PATH']" do
         subject.set_bundle_environment
@@ -245,7 +250,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::SharedHelpers do
       let(:ruby_lib_path) { "stubbed_ruby_lib_dir" }
 
       before do
-        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:bundler_ruby_lib).and_return(ruby_lib_path)
+        allow(subject).to receive(:bundler_ruby_lib).and_return(ruby_lib_path)
       end
 
       it "ensures bundler's ruby version lib path is in ENV['RUBYLIB']" do
@@ -264,7 +269,7 @@ RSpec.describe Bundler::SharedHelpers do
     end
 
     it "ignores if bundler_ruby_lib is same as rubylibdir" do
-      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:bundler_ruby_lib).and_return(RbConfig::CONFIG["rubylibdir"])
+      allow(subject).to receive(:bundler_ruby_lib).and_return(RbConfig::CONFIG["rubylibdir"])
 
       subject.set_bundle_environment
 
diff --git a/spec/cache/git_spec.rb b/spec/cache/git_spec.rb
index 75525d405b..ecdc97f837 100644
--- a/spec/cache/git_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/cache/git_spec.rb
@@ -155,10 +155,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle cache with git" do
       s.add_dependency "submodule"
     end
 
-    Dir.chdir(lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")) do
-      sys_exec "git submodule add #{lib_path("submodule-1.0")} submodule-1.0"
-      `git commit -m "submodulator"`
-    end
+    sys_exec "git submodule add #{lib_path("submodule-1.0")} submodule-1.0", :dir => lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")
+    sys_exec "git commit -m \"submodulator\"", :dir => lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")
 
     install_gemfile <<-G
       git "#{lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")}", :submodules => true do
diff --git a/spec/commands/binstubs_spec.rb b/spec/commands/binstubs_spec.rb
index 1d84b16524..f77e1772bb 100644
--- a/spec/commands/binstubs_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/binstubs_spec.rb
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle binstubs <gem>" do
 
         bundle "binstubs rack"
 
-        File.open("bin/bundle", "wb") do |file|
+        File.open(bundled_app("bin/bundle"), "wb") do |file|
           file.print "OMG"
         end
 
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle binstubs <gem>" do
 
         bundle "binstubs rack --shebang jruby"
 
-        expect(File.open("bin/rackup").gets).to eq("#!/usr/bin/env jruby\n")
+        expect(File.open(bundled_app("bin/rackup")).gets).to eq("#!/usr/bin/env jruby\n")
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/commands/check_spec.rb b/spec/commands/check_spec.rb
index 46a5aaa75a..0b5eae5d0b 100644
--- a/spec/commands/check_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/check_spec.rb
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle check" do
       gem "rails"
     G
 
-    Dir.chdir tmp
-    bundle "check --gemfile bundled_app/Gemfile"
+    bundle "check --gemfile bundled_app/Gemfile", :dir => tmp
     expect(out).to include("The Gemfile's dependencies are satisfied")
   end
 
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle check" do
       gem "rails"
     G
 
-    FileUtils.rm("Gemfile.lock")
+    FileUtils.rm(bundled_app_lock)
 
     bundle "check"
 
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle check" do
       gem "rails"
     G
 
-    FileUtils.rm("Gemfile.lock")
+    FileUtils.rm(bundled_app_lock)
 
     bundle "check --dry-run"
 
diff --git a/spec/commands/config_spec.rb b/spec/commands/config_spec.rb
index ef580463e5..7a45dd0dd7 100644
--- a/spec/commands/config_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/config_spec.rb
@@ -54,14 +54,13 @@ RSpec.describe ".bundle/config" do
 
     it "can provide a relative path with the environment variable" do
       FileUtils.mkdir_p bundled_app("omg")
-      Dir.chdir bundled_app("omg")
 
       ENV["BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG"] = "../foo"
-      bundle "install", forgotten_command_line_options(:path => "vendor/bundle")
+      bundle "install", forgotten_command_line_options(:path => "vendor/bundle").merge(:dir => bundled_app("omg"))
 
       expect(bundled_app(".bundle")).not_to exist
       expect(bundled_app("../foo/config")).to exist
-      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0.0"
+      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0.0", :dir => bundled_app("omg")
     end
   end
 
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ RSpec.describe ".bundle/config" do
     it "expands the path at time of setting" do
       bundle "config set --global local.foo .."
       run "puts Bundler.settings['local.foo']"
-      expect(out).to eq(File.expand_path(Dir.pwd + "/.."))
+      expect(out).to eq(File.expand_path(bundled_app.to_s + "/.."))
     end
 
     it "saves with parseable option" do
@@ -205,7 +204,7 @@ RSpec.describe ".bundle/config" do
     it "expands the path at time of setting" do
       bundle "config set --local local.foo .."
       run "puts Bundler.settings['local.foo']"
-      expect(out).to eq(File.expand_path(Dir.pwd + "/.."))
+      expect(out).to eq(File.expand_path(bundled_app.to_s + "/.."))
     end
 
     it "can be deleted with parseable option" do
@@ -484,7 +483,7 @@ RSpec.describe "setting gemfile via config" do
       G
 
       bundle "config set --local gemfile #{bundled_app("NotGemfile")}"
-      expect(File.exist?(".bundle/config")).to eq(true)
+      expect(File.exist?(bundled_app(".bundle/config"))).to eq(true)
 
       bundle "config list"
       expect(out).to include("NotGemfile")
diff --git a/spec/commands/doctor_spec.rb b/spec/commands/doctor_spec.rb
index e62430d215..0731bb08db 100644
--- a/spec/commands/doctor_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/doctor_spec.rb
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle doctor" do
     before(:each) do
       stat = double("stat")
       unwritable_file = double("file")
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
       allow(Find).to receive(:find).with(Bundler.bundle_path.to_s) { [unwritable_file] }
       allow(File).to receive(:stat).with(unwritable_file) { stat }
       allow(stat).to receive(:uid) { Process.uid }
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle doctor" do
     before(:each) do
       @stat = double("stat")
       @unwritable_file = double("file")
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
       allow(Find).to receive(:find).with(Bundler.bundle_path.to_s) { [@unwritable_file] }
       allow(File).to receive(:stat).with(@unwritable_file) { @stat }
     end
diff --git a/spec/commands/exec_spec.rb b/spec/commands/exec_spec.rb
index 69a0b33859..f27eb5ca42 100644
--- a/spec/commands/exec_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/exec_spec.rb
@@ -129,11 +129,11 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle exec" do
     skip "https://github.com/bundler/bundler/issues/6898" if Gem.win_platform?
 
     install_gemfile 'gem "rack"'
-    File.open("--verbose", "w") do |f|
+    File.open(bundled_app("--verbose"), "w") do |f|
       f.puts "#!/bin/sh"
       f.puts "echo foobar"
     end
-    File.chmod(0o744, "--verbose")
+    File.chmod(0o744, bundled_app("--verbose"))
     with_path_as(".") do
       bundle "exec -- --verbose"
     end
@@ -152,21 +152,17 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle exec" do
       gem "rack", "0.9.1"
     G
 
-    in_app_root2 do
-      install_gemfile bundled_app2("Gemfile"), <<-G
-        source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo2)}"
-        gem "rack_two", "1.0.0"
-      G
-    end
+    install_gemfile bundled_app2("Gemfile"), <<-G, :dir => bundled_app2
+      source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo2)}"
+      gem "rack_two", "1.0.0"
+    G
 
     bundle! "exec rackup"
 
     expect(out).to eq("0.9.1")
 
-    in_app_root2 do
-      bundle! "exec rackup"
-      expect(out).to eq("1.0.0")
-    end
+    bundle! "exec rackup", :dir => bundled_app2
+    expect(out).to eq("1.0.0")
   end
 
   context "with default gems" do
@@ -260,12 +256,10 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle exec" do
       gem "rack", "0.9.1"
     G
 
-    in_app_root2 do
-      install_gemfile bundled_app2("Gemfile"), <<-G
-        source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo2)}"
-        gem "rack_two", "1.0.0"
-      G
-    end
+    install_gemfile bundled_app2("Gemfile"), <<-G, :dir => bundled_app2
+      source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo2)}"
+      gem "rack_two", "1.0.0"
+    G
 
     bundle! "exec rackup"
 
@@ -624,8 +618,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle exec" do
     RUBY
 
     before do
-      path.open("w") {|f| f << executable }
-      path.chmod(0o755)
+      bundled_app(path).open("w") {|f| f << executable }
+      bundled_app(path).chmod(0o755)
 
       install_gemfile <<-G
         gem "rack"
@@ -798,7 +792,7 @@ __FILE__: #{path.to_s.inspect}
       end
 
       context "when the path is relative with a leading ./" do
-        let(:path) { Pathname.new("./#{super().relative_path_from(Pathname.pwd)}") }
+        let(:path) { Pathname.new("./#{super().relative_path_from(bundled_app)}") }
 
         pending "relative paths with ./ have absolute __FILE__"
       end
diff --git a/spec/commands/info_spec.rb b/spec/commands/info_spec.rb
index a01360a023..b70b711127 100644
--- a/spec/commands/info_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/info_spec.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle info" do
     end
 
     it "creates a Gemfile.lock when invoked with a gem name" do
-      FileUtils.rm("Gemfile.lock")
+      FileUtils.rm(bundled_app_lock)
 
       bundle! "info rails"
 
diff --git a/spec/commands/init_spec.rb b/spec/commands/init_spec.rb
index 1fb83827c2..ed52187115 100644
--- a/spec/commands/init_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/init_spec.rb
@@ -32,9 +32,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle init" do
 
       FileUtils.mkdir bundled_app(subdir)
 
-      Dir.chdir bundled_app(subdir) do
-        bundle! :init
-      end
+      bundle! :init, :dir => bundled_app(subdir)
 
       expect(out).to include("Writing new Gemfile")
       expect(bundled_app("#{subdir}/Gemfile")).to be_file
@@ -50,9 +48,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle init" do
       mode = File.stat(bundled_app(subdir)).mode ^ 0o222
       FileUtils.chmod mode, bundled_app(subdir)
 
-      Dir.chdir bundled_app(subdir) do
-        bundle :init
-      end
+      bundle :init, :dir => bundled_app(subdir)
 
       expect(err).to include("directory is not writable")
       expect(Dir[bundled_app("#{subdir}/*")]).to be_empty
@@ -133,9 +129,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle init" do
 
         FileUtils.mkdir bundled_app(subdir)
 
-        Dir.chdir bundled_app(subdir) do
-          bundle! :init
-        end
+        bundle! :init, :dir => bundled_app(subdir)
 
         expect(out).to include("Writing new gems.rb")
         expect(bundled_app("#{subdir}/gems.rb")).to be_file
diff --git a/spec/commands/install_spec.rb b/spec/commands/install_spec.rb
index 8acf2202bb..9a4ce33a26 100644
--- a/spec/commands/install_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/install_spec.rb
@@ -504,23 +504,20 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with gem sources" do
   end
 
   describe "when Bundler root contains regex chars" do
-    before do
+    it "doesn't blow up" do
       root_dir = tmp("foo[]bar")
 
       FileUtils.mkdir_p(root_dir)
-      Dir.chdir(root_dir)
-    end
 
-    it "doesn't blow up" do
       build_lib "foo"
       gemfile = <<-G
         gem 'foo', :path => "#{lib_path("foo-1.0")}"
       G
-      File.open("Gemfile", "w") do |file|
+      File.open("#{root_dir}/Gemfile", "w") do |file|
         file.puts gemfile
       end
 
-      bundle :install
+      bundle :install, :dir => root_dir
 
       expect(exitstatus).to eq(0) if exitstatus
     end
diff --git a/spec/commands/lock_spec.rb b/spec/commands/lock_spec.rb
index 1d9813a835..ceafeb1d7b 100644
--- a/spec/commands/lock_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/lock_spec.rb
@@ -195,6 +195,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle lock" do
         gem 'foo'
         gem 'qux'
       G
+
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
     end
 
     it "single gem updates dependent gem to minor" do
@@ -213,12 +215,15 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle lock" do
   it "supports adding new platforms" do
     bundle! "lock --add-platform java x86-mingw32"
 
+    allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
     lockfile = Bundler::LockfileParser.new(read_lockfile)
     expect(lockfile.platforms).to match_array(local_platforms.unshift(java, mingw).uniq)
   end
 
   it "supports adding the `ruby` platform" do
     bundle! "lock --add-platform ruby"
+
+    allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
     lockfile = Bundler::LockfileParser.new(read_lockfile)
     expect(lockfile.platforms).to match_array(local_platforms.unshift("ruby").uniq)
   end
@@ -231,6 +236,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle lock" do
   it "allows removing platforms" do
     bundle! "lock --add-platform java x86-mingw32"
 
+    allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
     lockfile = Bundler::LockfileParser.new(read_lockfile)
     expect(lockfile.platforms).to match_array(local_platforms.unshift(java, mingw).uniq)
 
diff --git a/spec/commands/newgem_spec.rb b/spec/commands/newgem_spec.rb
index 13d1e7abd7..b8fbf8806a 100644
--- a/spec/commands/newgem_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/newgem_spec.rb
@@ -162,13 +162,12 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
     end
 
     it "includes rubocop in generated Gemfile" do
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app(gem_name)) do
-        builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
-        builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
-        builder.dependencies
-        rubocop_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "rubocop" }
-        expect(rubocop_dep).not_to be_nil
-      end
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
+      builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
+      builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
+      builder.dependencies
+      rubocop_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "rubocop" }
+      expect(rubocop_dep).not_to be_nil
     end
   end
 
@@ -186,13 +185,12 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
     end
 
     it "does not include rubocop in generated Gemfile" do
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app(gem_name)) do
-        builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
-        builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
-        builder.dependencies
-        rubocop_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "rubocop" }
-        expect(rubocop_dep).to be_nil
-      end
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
+      builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
+      builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
+      builder.dependencies
+      rubocop_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "rubocop" }
+      expect(rubocop_dep).to be_nil
     end
   end
 
@@ -253,11 +251,9 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
 
     prepare_gemspec(bundled_app("newgem", "newgem.gemspec"))
 
-    Dir.chdir(bundled_app("newgem")) do
-      gems = ["rake-12.3.2"]
-      system_gems gems, :path => :bundle_path
-      bundle! "exec rake build"
-    end
+    gems = ["rake-12.3.2"]
+    system_gems gems, :path => :bundle_path, :bundle_dir => bundled_app("newgem")
+    bundle! "exec rake build", :dir => bundled_app("newgem")
 
     expect(last_command.stdboth).not_to include("ERROR")
   end
@@ -266,7 +262,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
     it "resolves ." do
       create_temporary_dir("tmp")
 
-      bundle! "gem ."
+      bundle! "gem .", :dir => bundled_app("tmp")
 
       expect(bundled_app("tmp/lib/tmp.rb")).to exist
     end
@@ -274,7 +270,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
     it "resolves .." do
       create_temporary_dir("temp/empty_dir")
 
-      bundle! "gem .."
+      bundle! "gem ..", :dir => bundled_app("temp/empty_dir")
 
       expect(bundled_app("temp/lib/temp.rb")).to exist
     end
@@ -282,14 +278,13 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
     it "resolves relative directory" do
       create_temporary_dir("tmp/empty/tmp")
 
-      bundle! "gem ../../empty"
+      bundle! "gem ../../empty", :dir => bundled_app("tmp/empty/tmp")
 
       expect(bundled_app("tmp/empty/lib/empty.rb")).to exist
     end
 
     def create_temporary_dir(dir)
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p(dir)
-      Dir.chdir(dir)
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p(bundled_app(dir))
     end
   end
 
@@ -326,8 +321,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
 
     context "git config user.{name,email} is not set" do
       before do
-        `git config --unset user.name`
-        `git config --unset user.email`
+        sys_exec("git config --unset user.name", :dir => bundled_app)
+        sys_exec("git config --unset user.email", :dir => bundled_app)
         bundle! "gem #{gem_name}"
       end
 
@@ -375,10 +370,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
         file.puts rakefile
       end
 
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app(gem_name)) do
-        sys_exec(rake)
-        expect(out).to include("SUCCESS")
-      end
+      sys_exec(rake, :dir => bundled_app(gem_name))
+      expect(out).to include("SUCCESS")
     end
 
     context "--exe parameter set" do
@@ -435,13 +428,12 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
       end
 
       it "depends on a specific version of rspec in generated Gemfile" do
-        Dir.chdir(bundled_app(gem_name)) do
-          builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
-          builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
-          builder.dependencies
-          rspec_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "rspec" }
-          expect(rspec_dep).to be_specific
-        end
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
+        builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
+        builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
+        builder.dependencies
+        rspec_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "rspec" }
+        expect(rspec_dep).to be_specific
       end
 
       it "requires the main file" do
@@ -484,13 +476,12 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
       end
 
       it "depends on a specific version of minitest" do
-        Dir.chdir(bundled_app(gem_name)) do
-          builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
-          builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
-          builder.dependencies
-          minitest_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "minitest" }
-          expect(minitest_dep).to be_specific
-        end
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
+        builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
+        builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
+        builder.dependencies
+        minitest_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "minitest" }
+        expect(minitest_dep).to be_specific
       end
 
       it "builds spec skeleton" do
@@ -541,13 +532,12 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
       end
 
       it "depends on a specific version of test-unit" do
-        Dir.chdir(bundled_app(gem_name)) do
-          builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
-          builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
-          builder.dependencies
-          test_unit_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "test-unit" }
-          expect(test_unit_dep).to be_specific
-        end
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
+        builder = Bundler::Dsl.new
+        builder.eval_gemfile(bundled_app("#{gem_name}/Gemfile"))
+        builder.dependencies
+        test_unit_dep = builder.dependencies.find {|d| d.name == "test-unit" }
+        expect(test_unit_dep).to be_specific
       end
 
       it "builds spec skeleton" do
@@ -610,7 +600,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle gem" do
     context "--edit option" do
       it "opens the generated gemspec in the user's text editor" do
         output = bundle "gem #{gem_name} --edit=echo"
-        gemspec_path = File.join(Dir.pwd, gem_name, "#{gem_name}.gemspec")
+        gemspec_path = File.join(bundled_app, gem_name, "#{gem_name}.gemspec")
         expect(output).to include("echo \"#{gemspec_path}\"")
       end
     end
@@ -841,7 +831,7 @@ Usage: "bundle gem NAME [OPTIONS]"
 
   context "on conflicts with a previously created file", :readline do
     it "should fail gracefully" do
-      FileUtils.touch("conflict-foobar")
+      FileUtils.touch(bundled_app("conflict-foobar"))
       bundle "gem conflict-foobar"
       expect(err).to include("Errno::ENOTDIR")
       expect(exitstatus).to eql(32) if exitstatus
@@ -850,7 +840,7 @@ Usage: "bundle gem NAME [OPTIONS]"
 
   context "on conflicts with a previously created directory", :readline do
     it "should succeed" do
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p("conflict-foobar/Gemfile")
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p(bundled_app("conflict-foobar/Gemfile"))
       bundle! "gem conflict-foobar"
       expect(out).to include("file_clash  conflict-foobar/Gemfile").
         and include "Initializing git repo in #{bundled_app("conflict-foobar")}"
diff --git a/spec/commands/pristine_spec.rb b/spec/commands/pristine_spec.rb
index 1c267ab78f..15336137b6 100644
--- a/spec/commands/pristine_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/pristine_spec.rb
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle pristine", :ruby_repo do
 
       gemspec
     G
+
+    allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
   end
 
   context "when sourced from RubyGems" do
diff --git a/spec/commands/show_spec.rb b/spec/commands/show_spec.rb
index 3a1fcc1a7a..7b329c8e7f 100644
--- a/spec/commands/show_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/show_spec.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle show", :bundler => "< 3" do
     end
 
     it "creates a Gemfile.lock if one did not exist" do
-      FileUtils.rm("Gemfile.lock")
+      FileUtils.rm(bundled_app_lock)
 
       bundle! "show"
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle show", :bundler => "< 3" do
     end
 
     it "creates a Gemfile.lock when invoked with a gem name" do
-      FileUtils.rm("Gemfile.lock")
+      FileUtils.rm(bundled_app_lock)
 
       bundle! "show rails"
 
@@ -143,13 +143,12 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle show", :bundler => "< 3" do
   context "in a fresh gem in a blank git repo" do
     before :each do
       build_git "foo", :path => lib_path("foo")
-      Dir.chdir lib_path("foo")
-      File.open("Gemfile", "w") {|f| f.puts "gemspec" }
-      sys_exec "rm -rf .git && git init"
+      File.open(lib_path("foo/Gemfile"), "w") {|f| f.puts "gemspec" }
+      sys_exec "rm -rf .git && git init", :dir => lib_path("foo")
     end
 
     it "does not output git errors" do
-      bundle :show
+      bundle :show, :dir => lib_path("foo")
       expect(err_without_deprecations).to be_empty
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/commands/update_spec.rb b/spec/commands/update_spec.rb
index 8455d140fe..5a7d26353c 100644
--- a/spec/commands/update_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/commands/update_spec.rb
@@ -831,6 +831,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle update --bundler" do
       source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo4)}"
       gem "rack"
     G
+    allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
     lockfile lockfile.sub(/(^\s*)#{Bundler::VERSION}($)/, '\11.0.0\2')
 
     FileUtils.rm_r gem_repo4
diff --git a/spec/install/deploy_spec.rb b/spec/install/deploy_spec.rb
index ff32887c5e..5031bd9aa0 100644
--- a/spec/install/deploy_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/deploy_spec.rb
@@ -43,13 +43,12 @@ RSpec.describe "install with --deployment or --frozen" do
 
   it "still works if you are not in the app directory and specify --gemfile" do
     bundle! "install"
-    Dir.chdir tmp do
-      simulate_new_machine
-      bundle! :install,
-        forgotten_command_line_options(:gemfile => "#{tmp}/bundled_app/Gemfile",
-                                       :deployment => true,
-                                       :path => "vendor/bundle")
-    end
+    simulate_new_machine
+    bundle! :install,
+      forgotten_command_line_options(:gemfile => "#{tmp}/bundled_app/Gemfile",
+                                     :deployment => true,
+                                     :path => "vendor/bundle",
+                                     :dir => tmp)
     expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0"
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/install/gemfile/eval_gemfile_spec.rb b/spec/install/gemfile/eval_gemfile_spec.rb
index 7df94aaff5..69341250c3 100644
--- a/spec/install/gemfile/eval_gemfile_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/gemfile/eval_gemfile_spec.rb
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with gemfile that uses eval_gemfile" do
 
   context "eval-ed Gemfile has relative-path gems" do
     before do
-      build_lib("a", :path => "gems/a")
-      create_file "nested/Gemfile-nested", <<-G
+      build_lib("a", :path => bundled_app("gems/a"))
+      create_file bundled_app("nested/Gemfile-nested"), <<-G
         gem "a", :path => "../gems/a"
       G
 
diff --git a/spec/install/gemfile/gemspec_spec.rb b/spec/install/gemfile/gemspec_spec.rb
index 2da53a5c13..bf1b84cf28 100644
--- a/spec/install/gemfile/gemspec_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/gemfile/gemspec_spec.rb
@@ -120,18 +120,16 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install from an existing gemspec" do
       s.add_development_dependency "rake", "=12.3.2"
     end
 
-    Dir.chdir(tmp.join("foo")) do
-      bundle "install"
-      # This should really be able to rely on $stderr, but, it's not written
-      # right, so we can't. In fact, this is a bug negation test, and so it'll
-      # ghost pass in future, and will only catch a regression if the message
-      # doesn't change. Exit codes should be used correctly (they can be more
-      # than just 0 and 1).
-      output = bundle("install --deployment")
-      expect(output).not_to match(/You have added to the Gemfile/)
-      expect(output).not_to match(/You have deleted from the Gemfile/)
-      expect(output).not_to match(/install in deployment mode after changing/)
-    end
+    bundle "install", :dir => tmp.join("foo")
+    # This should really be able to rely on $stderr, but, it's not written
+    # right, so we can't. In fact, this is a bug negation test, and so it'll
+    # ghost pass in future, and will only catch a regression if the message
+    # doesn't change. Exit codes should be used correctly (they can be more
+    # than just 0 and 1).
+    output = bundle("install --deployment", :dir => tmp.join("foo"))
+    expect(output).not_to match(/You have added to the Gemfile/)
+    expect(output).not_to match(/You have deleted from the Gemfile/)
+    expect(output).not_to match(/install in deployment mode after changing/)
   end
 
   it "should match a lockfile without needing to re-resolve" do
@@ -427,7 +425,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install from an existing gemspec" do
           end
         end
 
-        build_lib "foo", :path => "." do |s|
+        build_lib "foo", :path => bundled_app do |s|
           if platform_specific_type == :runtime
             s.add_runtime_dependency dependency
           elsif platform_specific_type == :development
diff --git a/spec/install/gemfile/git_spec.rb b/spec/install/gemfile/git_spec.rb
index 249ed48eab..067de1777d 100644
--- a/spec/install/gemfile/git_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/gemfile/git_spec.rb
@@ -57,22 +57,18 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
     it "does not update the git source implicitly" do
       update_git "foo"
 
-      in_app_root2 do
-        install_gemfile bundled_app2("Gemfile"), <<-G
-          git "#{lib_path("foo-1.0")}" do
-            gem 'foo'
-          end
-        G
-      end
+      install_gemfile bundled_app2("Gemfile"), <<-G, :dir => bundled_app2
+        git "#{lib_path("foo-1.0")}" do
+          gem 'foo'
+        end
+      G
 
-      in_app_root do
-        run <<-RUBY
-          require 'foo'
-          puts "fail" if defined?(FOO_PREV_REF)
-        RUBY
+      run <<-RUBY
+        require 'foo'
+        puts "fail" if defined?(FOO_PREV_REF)
+      RUBY
 
-        expect(out).to be_empty
-      end
+      expect(out).to be_empty
     end
 
     it "sets up git gem executables on the path" do
@@ -130,22 +126,18 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
     it "still works after moving the application directory" do
       bundle "install --path vendor/bundle"
 
-      Dir.chdir root
       FileUtils.mv bundled_app, tmp("bundled_app.bck")
 
-      Dir.chdir tmp("bundled_app.bck")
-      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.0"
+      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.0", :dir => tmp("bundled_app.bck")
     end
 
     it "can still install after moving the application directory" do
       bundle "install --path vendor/bundle"
 
-      Dir.chdir root
       FileUtils.mv bundled_app, tmp("bundled_app.bck")
 
       update_git "foo", "1.1", :path => lib_path("foo-1.0")
 
-      Dir.chdir tmp("bundled_app.bck")
       gemfile tmp("bundled_app.bck/Gemfile"), <<-G
         source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
         git "#{lib_path("foo-1.0")}" do
@@ -155,9 +147,9 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
         gem "rack", "1.0"
       G
 
-      bundle "update foo"
+      bundle "update foo", :dir => tmp("bundled_app.bck")
 
-      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.1", "rack 1.0"
+      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.1", "rack 1.0", :dir => tmp("bundled_app.bck")
     end
   end
 
@@ -224,9 +216,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
         s.write("lib/foo.rb", "raise 'FAIL'")
       end
 
-      Dir.chdir(lib_path("foo-1.0")) do
-        `git update-ref -m "Bundler Spec!" refs/bundler/1 master~1`
-      end
+      sys_exec("git update-ref -m \"Bundler Spec!\" refs/bundler/1 master~1", :dir => lib_path("foo-1.0"))
 
       # want to ensure we don't fallback to HEAD
       update_git "foo", :path => lib_path("foo-1.0"), :branch => "rando" do |s|
@@ -260,9 +250,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
         s.write("lib/foo.rb", "raise 'FAIL'")
       end
 
-      Dir.chdir(lib_path("foo-1.0")) do
-        `git update-ref -m "Bundler Spec!" refs/bundler/1 master~1`
-      end
+      sys_exec("git update-ref -m \"Bundler Spec!\" refs/bundler/1 master~1", :dir => lib_path("foo-1.0"))
 
       # want to ensure we don't fallback to HEAD
       update_git "foo", :path => lib_path("foo-1.0"), :branch => "rando" do |s|
@@ -285,9 +273,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
     end
 
     it "does not download random non-head refs" do
-      Dir.chdir(lib_path("foo-1.0")) do
-        sys_exec!('git update-ref -m "Bundler Spec!" refs/bundler/1 master~1')
-      end
+      sys_exec("git update-ref -m \"Bundler Spec!\" refs/bundler/1 master~1", :dir => lib_path("foo-1.0"))
 
       bundle! "config set global_gem_cache true"
 
@@ -300,9 +286,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
       # ensure we also git fetch after cloning
       bundle! :update, :all => true
 
-      Dir.chdir(Dir[home(".bundle/cache/git/foo-*")].first) do
-        sys_exec("git ls-remote .")
-      end
+      sys_exec("git ls-remote .", :dir => Dir[home(".bundle/cache/git/foo-*")].first)
 
       expect(out).not_to include("refs/bundler/1")
     end
@@ -837,9 +821,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
     bundle "update", :all => true
     expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "forced 1.1"
 
-    Dir.chdir(lib_path("forced-1.0")) do
-      `git reset --hard HEAD^`
-    end
+    sys_exec("git reset --hard HEAD^", :dir => lib_path("forced-1.0"))
 
     bundle "update", :all => true
     expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "forced 1.0"
@@ -850,10 +832,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
     build_git "has_submodule", "1.0" do |s|
       s.add_dependency "submodule"
     end
-    Dir.chdir(lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")) do
-      sys_exec "git submodule add #{lib_path("submodule-1.0")} submodule-1.0"
-      `git commit -m "submodulator"`
-    end
+    sys_exec "git submodule add #{lib_path("submodule-1.0")} submodule-1.0", :dir => lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")
+    sys_exec "git commit -m \"submodulator\"", :dir => lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")
 
     install_gemfile <<-G
       git "#{lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")}" do
@@ -870,10 +850,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
     build_git "has_submodule", "1.0" do |s|
       s.add_dependency "submodule"
     end
-    Dir.chdir(lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")) do
-      sys_exec "git submodule add #{lib_path("submodule-1.0")} submodule-1.0"
-      `git commit -m "submodulator"`
-    end
+    sys_exec "git submodule add #{lib_path("submodule-1.0")} submodule-1.0", :dir => lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")
+    sys_exec "git commit -m \"submodulator\"", :dir => lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")
 
     install_gemfile <<-G
       git "#{lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")}", :submodules => true do
@@ -1172,16 +1150,15 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with git sources" do
       end
 
       2.times do |i|
-        Dir.chdir(git_reader.path) do
-          File.open("ext/foo.c", "w") do |file|
-            file.write <<-C
-              #include "ruby.h"
-              VALUE foo() { return INT2FIX(#{i}); }
-              void Init_foo() { rb_define_global_function("foo", &foo, 0); }
-            C
-          end
-          `git commit -m "commit for iteration #{i}" ext/foo.c`
+        File.open(git_reader.path.join("ext/foo.c"), "w") do |file|
+          file.write <<-C
+            #include "ruby.h"
+            VALUE foo() { return INT2FIX(#{i}); }
+            void Init_foo() { rb_define_global_function("foo", &foo, 0); }
+          C
         end
+        sys_exec("git commit -m \"commit for iteration #{i}\" ext/foo.c", :dir => git_reader.path)
+
         git_commit_sha = git_reader.ref_for("HEAD")
 
         install_gemfile <<-G
diff --git a/spec/install/gemfile/path_spec.rb b/spec/install/gemfile/path_spec.rb
index e1ca389dc4..a733c02512 100644
--- a/spec/install/gemfile/path_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/gemfile/path_spec.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with explicit source paths" do
   it "supports relative paths" do
     build_lib "foo"
 
-    relative_path = lib_path("foo-1.0").relative_path_from(Pathname.new(Dir.pwd))
+    relative_path = lib_path("foo-1.0").relative_path_from(bundled_app)
 
     install_gemfile <<-G
       gem 'foo', :path => "#{relative_path}"
@@ -79,10 +79,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with explicit source paths" do
       gem 'foo', :path => "./foo-1.0"
     G
 
-    bundled_app("subdir").mkpath
-    Dir.chdir(bundled_app("subdir")) do
-      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems("foo 1.0")
-    end
+    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems("foo 1.0", :dir => bundled_app("subdir").mkpath)
   end
 
   it "sorts paths consistently on install and update when they start with ./" do
@@ -121,12 +118,10 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with explicit source paths" do
          #{Bundler::VERSION}
     L
 
-    Dir.chdir(lib_path("demo")) do
-      bundle :install
-      expect(lib_path("demo/Gemfile.lock")).to have_lockfile(lockfile)
-      bundle :update, :all => true
-      expect(lib_path("demo/Gemfile.lock")).to have_lockfile(lockfile)
-    end
+    bundle :install, :dir => lib_path("demo")
+    expect(lib_path("demo/Gemfile.lock")).to have_lockfile(lockfile)
+    bundle :update, :all => true, :dir => lib_path("demo")
+    expect(lib_path("demo/Gemfile.lock")).to have_lockfile(lockfile)
   end
 
   it "expands paths when comparing locked paths to Gemfile paths" do
@@ -249,11 +244,9 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with explicit source paths" do
 
     File.open(lib_path("foo/Gemfile"), "w") {|f| f.puts gemfile }
 
-    Dir.chdir(lib_path("foo")) do
-      bundle "install"
-      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.0"
-      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0"
-    end
+    bundle "install", :dir => lib_path("foo")
+    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.0", :dir => lib_path("foo")
+    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0", :dir => lib_path("foo")
   end
 
   it "supports gemspec syntax with an alternative path" do
@@ -275,19 +268,17 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with explicit source paths" do
       s.add_dependency "rack", ">= 1.0"
     end
 
-    Dir.chdir lib_path("foo")
-
-    install_gemfile lib_path("foo/Gemfile"), <<-G
+    install_gemfile lib_path("foo/Gemfile"), <<-G, :dir => lib_path("foo")
       source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
       gemspec
     G
 
     build_gem "rack", "1.0.1", :to_system => true
 
-    bundle "install"
+    bundle "install", :dir => lib_path("foo")
 
-    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.0"
-    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0"
+    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.0", :dir => lib_path("foo")
+    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0", :dir => lib_path("foo")
   end
 
   it "doesn't automatically unlock dependencies when using the gemspec syntax and the gem has development dependencies" do
@@ -296,19 +287,17 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with explicit source paths" do
       s.add_development_dependency "activesupport"
     end
 
-    Dir.chdir lib_path("foo")
-
-    install_gemfile lib_path("foo/Gemfile"), <<-G
+    install_gemfile lib_path("foo/Gemfile"), <<-G, :dir => lib_path("foo")
       source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
       gemspec
     G
 
     build_gem "rack", "1.0.1", :to_system => true
 
-    bundle "install"
+    bundle "install", :dir => lib_path("foo")
 
-    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.0"
-    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0"
+    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "foo 1.0", :dir => lib_path("foo")
+    expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0", :dir => lib_path("foo")
   end
 
   it "raises if there are multiple gemspecs" do
@@ -426,7 +415,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with explicit source paths" do
         remote: http://rubygems.org
     L
 
-    in_app_root { FileUtils.mkdir_p("vendor/bar") }
+    FileUtils.mkdir_p(bundled_app("vendor/bar"))
 
     install_gemfile <<-G
       gem "bar", "1.0.0", path: "vendor/bar", require: "bar/nyard"
@@ -658,13 +647,11 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with explicit source paths" do
       G
       File.open(lib_path("private_lib/Gemfile"), "w") {|f| f.puts gemfile }
 
-      Dir.chdir(lib_path("private_lib")) do
-        bundle :install, :env => { "DEBUG" => "1" }, :artifice => "endpoint"
-        expect(out).to match(%r{^HTTP GET http://localgemserver\.test/api/v1/dependencies\?gems=rack$})
-        expect(out).not_to match(/^HTTP GET.*private_lib/)
-        expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "private_lib 2.2"
-        expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0"
-      end
+      bundle :install, :env => { "DEBUG" => "1" }, :artifice => "endpoint", :dir => lib_path("private_lib")
+      expect(out).to match(%r{^HTTP GET http://localgemserver\.test/api/v1/dependencies\?gems=rack$})
+      expect(out).not_to match(/^HTTP GET.*private_lib/)
+      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "private_lib 2.2", :dir => lib_path("private_lib")
+      expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0", :dir => lib_path("private_lib")
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/install/gemfile/ruby_spec.rb b/spec/install/gemfile/ruby_spec.rb
index d1e9fc7e05..d6ac4e3827 100644
--- a/spec/install/gemfile/ruby_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/gemfile/ruby_spec.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 RSpec.describe "ruby requirement" do
   def locked_ruby_version
-    Bundler::RubyVersion.from_string(Bundler::LockfileParser.new(lockfile).ruby_version)
+    Bundler::RubyVersion.from_string(Bundler::LockfileParser.new(File.read(bundled_app_lock)).ruby_version)
   end
 
   # As discovered by https://github.com/bundler/bundler/issues/4147, there is
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ RSpec.describe "ruby requirement" do
       gem "rack"
     G
 
+    allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
     expect(locked_ruby_version).to eq(Bundler::RubyVersion.system)
 
     simulate_ruby_version "5100"
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ RSpec.describe "ruby requirement" do
       gem "rack"
     G
 
+    allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
     expect(locked_ruby_version).to eq(Bundler::RubyVersion.system)
 
     simulate_ruby_version "5100"
diff --git a/spec/install/gemfile/specific_platform_spec.rb b/spec/install/gemfile/specific_platform_spec.rb
index 24b602589f..a1cc6b3551 100644
--- a/spec/install/gemfile/specific_platform_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/gemfile/specific_platform_spec.rb
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with specific_platform enabled" do
 
     it "locks to both the specific darwin platform and ruby" do
       install_gemfile!(google_protobuf)
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
       expect(the_bundle.locked_gems.platforms).to eq([pl("ruby"), pl("x86_64-darwin-15")])
       expect(the_bundle).to include_gem("google-protobuf 3.0.0.alpha.5.0.5.1 universal-darwin")
       expect(the_bundle.locked_gems.specs.map(&:full_name)).to eq(%w[
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with specific_platform enabled" do
         source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo2)}"
         gem "facter"
       G
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
 
       expect(the_bundle.locked_gems.platforms).to eq([pl("ruby"), pl("x86_64-darwin-15")])
       expect(the_bundle).to include_gems("facter 2.4.6 universal-darwin", "CFPropertyList 1.0")
@@ -87,6 +89,10 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install with specific_platform enabled" do
     end
 
     context "when adding a platform via lock --add_platform" do
+      before do
+        allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
+      end
+
       it "adds the foreign platform" do
         install_gemfile!(google_protobuf)
         bundle! "lock --add-platform=#{x64_mingw}"
diff --git a/spec/install/gemfile_spec.rb b/spec/install/gemfile_spec.rb
index 76704b387d..e760f87ec1 100644
--- a/spec/install/gemfile_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/gemfile_spec.rb
@@ -44,12 +44,10 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install" do
     end
     it "uses the gemfile while in a subdirectory" do
       bundled_app("subdir").mkpath
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app("subdir")) do
-        bundle "install"
-        bundle "list"
+      bundle "install", :dir => bundled_app("subdir")
+      bundle "list", :dir => bundled_app("subdir")
 
-        expect(out).to include("rack (1.0.0)")
-      end
+      expect(out).to include("rack (1.0.0)")
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/install/gems/standalone_spec.rb b/spec/install/gems/standalone_spec.rb
index 2745fe671c..c7c9d2a6a9 100644
--- a/spec/install/gems/standalone_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/gems/standalone_spec.rb
@@ -21,15 +21,12 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
         testrb << "\nrequire \"#{k}\""
         testrb << "\nputs #{k.upcase}"
       end
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app) do
-        ruby testrb, :no_lib => true
-      end
+      ruby testrb, :no_lib => true
 
       expect(out).to eq(expected_gems.values.join("\n"))
     end
 
     it "works on a different system" do
-      Dir.chdir root
       FileUtils.mv(bundled_app, "#{bundled_app}2")
 
       testrb = String.new <<-RUBY
@@ -41,9 +38,7 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
         testrb << "\nrequire \"#{k}\""
         testrb << "\nputs #{k.upcase}"
       end
-      in_app_root2 do
-        ruby testrb, :no_lib => true
-      end
+      ruby testrb, :no_lib => true, :dir => "#{bundled_app}2"
 
       expect(out).to eq(expected_gems.values.join("\n"))
     end
@@ -55,7 +50,7 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
         source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
         gem "rails"
       G
-      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true)
+      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :dir => cwd)
     end
 
     let(:expected_gems) do
@@ -70,7 +65,7 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
 
   describe "with gems with native extension", :ruby_repo do
     before do
-      install_gemfile <<-G, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true)
+      install_gemfile <<-G, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :dir => cwd)
         source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
         gem "very_simple_binary"
       G
@@ -103,7 +98,7 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
           end
         G
       end
-      install_gemfile <<-G, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true)
+      install_gemfile <<-G, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :dir => cwd)
         gem "bar", :git => "#{lib_path("bar-1.0")}"
       G
     end
@@ -123,7 +118,7 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
         gem "rails"
         gem "devise", :git => "#{lib_path("devise-1.0")}"
       G
-      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true)
+      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :dir => cwd)
     end
 
     let(:expected_gems) do
@@ -150,7 +145,7 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
           gem "rack-test"
         end
       G
-      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true)
+      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :dir => cwd)
     end
 
     let(:expected_gems) do
@@ -163,88 +158,63 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
     include_examples "common functionality"
 
     it "allows creating a standalone file with limited groups" do
-      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => "default")
+      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => "default", :dir => cwd)
 
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app) do
-        load_error_ruby <<-RUBY, "spec", :no_lib => true
-          $:.unshift File.expand_path("bundle")
-          require "bundler/setup"
+      load_error_ruby <<-RUBY, "spec", :no_lib => true
+        $:.unshift File.expand_path("bundle")
+        require "bundler/setup"
 
-          require "actionpack"
-          puts ACTIONPACK
-          require "spec"
-        RUBY
-      end
+        require "actionpack"
+        puts ACTIONPACK
+        require "spec"
+      RUBY
 
       expect(out).to eq("2.3.2")
       expect(err).to eq("ZOMG LOAD ERROR")
     end
 
     it "allows --without to limit the groups used in a standalone" do
-      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle"), :without => "test").merge(:standalone => true)
+      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle"), :without => "test").merge(:standalone => true, :dir => cwd)
 
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app) do
-        load_error_ruby <<-RUBY, "spec", :no_lib => true
-          $:.unshift File.expand_path("bundle")
-          require "bundler/setup"
+      load_error_ruby <<-RUBY, "spec", :no_lib => true
+        $:.unshift File.expand_path("bundle")
+        require "bundler/setup"
 
-          require "actionpack"
-          puts ACTIONPACK
-          require "spec"
-        RUBY
-      end
+        require "actionpack"
+        puts ACTIONPACK
+        require "spec"
+      RUBY
 
       expect(out).to eq("2.3.2")
       expect(err).to eq("ZOMG LOAD ERROR")
     end
 
-    it "allows --path to change the location of the standalone bundle", :bundler => "< 3" do
-      bundle! "install", forgotten_command_line_options(:path => "path/to/bundle").merge(:standalone => true)
+    it "allows --path to change the location of the standalone bundle" do
+      bundle! "install", forgotten_command_line_options(:path => "path/to/bundle").merge(:standalone => true, :dir => cwd)
 
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app) do
-        ruby <<-RUBY, :no_lib => true
-          $:.unshift File.expand_path("path/to/bundle")
-          require "bundler/setup"
+      ruby <<-RUBY, :no_lib => true
+        $:.unshift File.expand_path("path/to/bundle")
+        require "bundler/setup"
 
-          require "actionpack"
-          puts ACTIONPACK
-        RUBY
-      end
+        require "actionpack"
+        puts ACTIONPACK
+      RUBY
 
       expect(out).to eq("2.3.2")
     end
 
-    it "allows --path to change the location of the standalone bundle", :bundler => "3" do
-      bundle! "install", forgotten_command_line_options(:path => "path/to/bundle").merge(:standalone => true)
-      path = File.expand_path("path/to/bundle")
-
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app) do
-        ruby <<-RUBY, :no_lib => true
-          $:.unshift File.expand_path(#{path.dump})
-          require "bundler/setup"
-
-          require "actionpack"
-          puts ACTIONPACK
-        RUBY
-      end
+    it "allows remembered --without to limit the groups used in a standalone" do
+      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:without => "test").merge(:dir => cwd)
+      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :dir => cwd)
 
-      expect(out).to eq("2.3.2")
-    end
+      load_error_ruby <<-RUBY, "spec", :no_lib => true
+        $:.unshift File.expand_path("bundle")
+        require "bundler/setup"
 
-    it "allows remembered --without to limit the groups used in a standalone" do
-      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:without => "test")
-      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true)
-
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app) do
-        load_error_ruby <<-RUBY, "spec", :no_lib => true
-          $:.unshift File.expand_path("bundle")
-          require "bundler/setup"
-
-          require "actionpack"
-          puts ACTIONPACK
-          require "spec"
-        RUBY
-      end
+        require "actionpack"
+        puts ACTIONPACK
+        require "spec"
+      RUBY
 
       expect(out).to eq("2.3.2")
       expect(err).to eq("ZOMG LOAD ERROR")
@@ -262,7 +232,7 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
           source "#{source_uri}"
           gem "rails"
         G
-        bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :artifice => "endpoint")
+        bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :artifice => "endpoint", :dir => cwd)
       end
 
       let(:expected_gems) do
@@ -282,7 +252,7 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
         source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
         gem "rails"
       G
-      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :binstubs => true)
+      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => bundled_app("bundle")).merge(:standalone => true, :binstubs => true, :dir => cwd)
     end
 
     let(:expected_gems) do
@@ -297,19 +267,15 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
     it "creates stubs that use the standalone load path" do
       skip "exec format error" if Gem.win_platform?
 
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app) do
-        expect(`bin/rails -v`.chomp).to eql "2.3.2"
-      end
+      expect(sys_exec("bin/rails -v").chomp).to eql "2.3.2"
     end
 
     it "creates stubs that can be executed from anywhere" do
       skip "exec format error" if Gem.win_platform?
 
       require "tmpdir"
-      Dir.chdir(Dir.tmpdir) do
-        sys_exec!(%(#{bundled_app("bin/rails")} -v))
-        expect(out).to eq("2.3.2")
-      end
+      sys_exec!(%(#{bundled_app("bin/rails")} -v), :dir => Dir.tmpdir)
+      expect(out).to eq("2.3.2")
     end
 
     it "creates stubs that can be symlinked" do
@@ -332,13 +298,13 @@ RSpec.shared_examples "bundle install --standalone" do
 end
 
 RSpec.describe "bundle install --standalone" do
+  let(:cwd) { bundled_app }
+
   include_examples("bundle install --standalone")
 end
 
 RSpec.describe "bundle install --standalone run in a subdirectory" do
-  before do
-    Dir.chdir(bundled_app("bob").tap(&:mkpath))
-  end
+  let(:cwd) { bundled_app("bob").tap(&:mkpath) }
 
   include_examples("bundle install --standalone")
 end
diff --git a/spec/install/global_cache_spec.rb b/spec/install/global_cache_spec.rb
index 253079a1eb..15987bdf53 100644
--- a/spec/install/global_cache_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/global_cache_spec.rb
@@ -169,28 +169,26 @@ RSpec.describe "global gem caching" do
         expect(source_global_cache("rack-1.0.0.gem")).to exist
         expect(source_global_cache("activesupport-2.3.5.gem")).to exist
 
-        in_app_root2 do
-          create_file bundled_app2("gems.rb"), <<-G
-            source "#{source}"
-            gem "activesupport"
-          G
-
-          # Neither gem is installed and both are in the global cache
-          expect(the_bundle).not_to include_gems "rack 1.0.0"
-          expect(the_bundle).not_to include_gems "activesupport 2.3.5"
-          expect(source_global_cache("rack-1.0.0.gem")).to exist
-          expect(source_global_cache("activesupport-2.3.5.gem")).to exist
-
-          # Install using the global cache instead of by downloading the .gem
-          # from the server
-          bundle! :install, :artifice => "compact_index_no_gem"
-
-          # activesupport is installed and both are in the global cache
-          expect(the_bundle).not_to include_gems "rack 1.0.0"
-          expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "activesupport 2.3.5"
-          expect(source_global_cache("rack-1.0.0.gem")).to exist
-          expect(source_global_cache("activesupport-2.3.5.gem")).to exist
-        end
+        create_file bundled_app2("gems.rb"), <<-G
+          source "#{source}"
+          gem "activesupport"
+        G
+
+        # Neither gem is installed and both are in the global cache
+        expect(the_bundle).not_to include_gems "rack 1.0.0", :dir => bundled_app2
+        expect(the_bundle).not_to include_gems "activesupport 2.3.5", :dir => bundled_app2
+        expect(source_global_cache("rack-1.0.0.gem")).to exist
+        expect(source_global_cache("activesupport-2.3.5.gem")).to exist
+
+        # Install using the global cache instead of by downloading the .gem
+        # from the server
+        bundle! :install, :artifice => "compact_index_no_gem", :dir => bundled_app2
+
+        # activesupport is installed and both are in the global cache
+        expect(the_bundle).not_to include_gems "rack 1.0.0", :dir => bundled_app2
+        expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "activesupport 2.3.5", :dir => bundled_app2
+        expect(source_global_cache("rack-1.0.0.gem")).to exist
+        expect(source_global_cache("activesupport-2.3.5.gem")).to exist
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/install/path_spec.rb b/spec/install/path_spec.rb
index 89a441d0f4..bed28ed3e2 100644
--- a/spec/install/path_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/install/path_spec.rb
@@ -22,10 +22,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install" do
       dir = bundled_app("bun++dle")
       dir.mkpath
 
-      Dir.chdir(dir) do
-        bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => dir.join("vendor/bundle"))
-        expect(out).to include("installed into `./vendor/bundle`")
-      end
+      bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => dir.join("vendor/bundle")).merge(:dir => dir)
+      expect(out).to include("installed into `./vendor/bundle`")
 
       dir.rmtree
     end
@@ -54,30 +52,24 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install" do
       before { bundle! "config set path_relative_to_cwd true" }
 
       it "installs the bundle relatively to current working directory", :bundler => "< 3" do
-        Dir.chdir(bundled_app.parent) do
-          bundle! "install --gemfile='#{bundled_app}/Gemfile' --path vendor/bundle"
-          expect(out).to include("installed into `./vendor/bundle`")
-          expect(bundled_app("../vendor/bundle")).to be_directory
-        end
+        bundle! "install --gemfile='#{bundled_app}/Gemfile' --path vendor/bundle", :dir => bundled_app.parent
+        expect(out).to include("installed into `./vendor/bundle`")
+        expect(bundled_app("../vendor/bundle")).to be_directory
         expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0.0"
       end
 
       it "installs the standalone bundle relative to the cwd" do
-        Dir.chdir(bundled_app.parent) do
-          bundle! :install, :gemfile => bundled_app_gemfile, :standalone => true
-          expect(out).to include("installed into `./bundled_app/bundle`")
-          expect(bundled_app("bundle")).to be_directory
-          expect(bundled_app("bundle/ruby")).to be_directory
-        end
+        bundle! :install, :gemfile => bundled_app_gemfile, :standalone => true, :dir => bundled_app.parent
+        expect(out).to include("installed into `./bundled_app/bundle`")
+        expect(bundled_app("bundle")).to be_directory
+        expect(bundled_app("bundle/ruby")).to be_directory
 
         bundle! "config unset path"
 
-        Dir.chdir(bundled_app("subdir").tap(&:mkpath)) do
-          bundle! :install, :gemfile => bundled_app_gemfile, :standalone => true
-          expect(out).to include("installed into `../bundle`")
-          expect(bundled_app("bundle")).to be_directory
-          expect(bundled_app("bundle/ruby")).to be_directory
-        end
+        bundle! :install, :gemfile => bundled_app_gemfile, :standalone => true, :dir => bundled_app("subdir").tap(&:mkpath)
+        expect(out).to include("installed into `../bundle`")
+        expect(bundled_app("bundle")).to be_directory
+        expect(bundled_app("bundle/ruby")).to be_directory
       end
     end
   end
@@ -137,9 +129,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install" do
           set_bundle_path(type, "vendor")
 
           FileUtils.mkdir_p bundled_app("lol")
-          Dir.chdir(bundled_app("lol")) do
-            bundle! :install
-          end
+          bundle! :install, :dir => bundled_app("lol")
 
           expect(bundled_app("vendor", Bundler.ruby_scope, "gems/rack-1.0.0")).to be_directory
           expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0.0"
@@ -203,9 +193,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle install" do
 
   describe "to a file" do
     before do
-      in_app_root do
-        FileUtils.touch "bundle"
-      end
+      FileUtils.touch bundled_app("bundle")
     end
 
     it "reports the file exists" do
diff --git a/spec/plugins/install_spec.rb b/spec/plugins/install_spec.rb
index 669ed09fb5..663363ca21 100644
--- a/spec/plugins/install_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/plugins/install_spec.rb
@@ -155,6 +155,10 @@ RSpec.describe "bundler plugin install" do
   end
 
   context "Gemfile eval" do
+    before do
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
+    end
+
     it "installs plugins listed in gemfile" do
       gemfile <<-G
         source '#{file_uri_for(gem_repo2)}'
@@ -245,6 +249,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundler plugin install" do
 
   describe "local plugin" do
     it "is installed when inside an app" do
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
       gemfile ""
       bundle "plugin install foo --source #{file_uri_for(gem_repo2)}"
 
@@ -287,21 +292,16 @@ RSpec.describe "bundler plugin install" do
         end
 
         # outside the app
-        Dir.chdir tmp
-        bundle "plugin install fubar --source #{file_uri_for(gem_repo2)}"
+        bundle "plugin install fubar --source #{file_uri_for(gem_repo2)}", :dir => tmp
       end
 
       it "inside the app takes precedence over global plugin" do
-        Dir.chdir bundled_app
-
         bundle "shout"
         expect(out).to eq("local_one")
       end
 
       it "outside the app global plugin is used" do
-        Dir.chdir tmp
-
-        bundle "shout"
+        bundle "shout", :dir => tmp
         expect(out).to eq("global_one")
       end
     end
diff --git a/spec/plugins/source/example_spec.rb b/spec/plugins/source/example_spec.rb
index f2151a5a73..aac506dc9a 100644
--- a/spec/plugins/source/example_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/plugins/source/example_spec.rb
@@ -215,6 +215,8 @@ RSpec.describe "real source plugins" do
       build_repo2 do
         build_plugin "bundler-source-gitp" do |s|
           s.write "plugins.rb", <<-RUBY
+            require "open3"
+
             class SPlugin < Bundler::Plugin::API
               source "gitp"
 
@@ -254,9 +256,7 @@ RSpec.describe "real source plugins" do
                 mkdir_p(install_path.dirname)
                 rm_rf(install_path)
                 `git clone --no-checkout --quiet "\#{cache_path}" "\#{install_path}"`
-                Dir.chdir install_path do
-                  `git reset --hard \#{revision}`
-                end
+                Open3.capture2e("git reset --hard \#{revision}", :chdir => install_path)
 
                 spec_path = install_path.join("\#{spec.full_name}.gemspec")
                 spec_path.open("wb") {|f| f.write spec.to_ruby }
@@ -310,9 +310,8 @@ RSpec.describe "real source plugins" do
                   cache_repo
                 end
 
-                Dir.chdir cache_path do
-                  `git rev-parse --verify \#{@ref}`.strip
-                end
+                output, _status = Open3.capture2e("git rev-parse --verify \#{@ref}", :chdir => cache_path)
+                output.strip
               end
 
               def base_name
diff --git a/spec/plugins/source_spec.rb b/spec/plugins/source_spec.rb
index c8deee96b1..14643e5c81 100644
--- a/spec/plugins/source_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/plugins/source_spec.rb
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundler source plugin" do
         end
       G
 
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
       plugin_should_be_installed("bundler-source-psource")
     end
 
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundler source plugin" do
         end
 
         it "installs the explicit one" do
+          allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
           plugin_should_be_installed("another-psource")
         end
 
@@ -100,6 +102,7 @@ RSpec.describe "bundler source plugin" do
         end
 
         it "installs the default one" do
+          allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
           plugin_should_be_installed("bundler-source-psource")
         end
       end
diff --git a/spec/quality_es_spec.rb b/spec/quality_es_spec.rb
index c1cb028ee1..ab2e2983aa 100644
--- a/spec/quality_es_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/quality_es_spec.rb
@@ -40,12 +40,10 @@ RSpec.describe "La biblioteca si misma" do
   it "mantiene la calidad de lenguaje de la documentación" do
     included = /ronn/
     error_messages = []
-    in_repo_root do
-      man_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        next unless filename =~ included
-        error_messages << check_for_expendable_words(filename)
-        error_messages << check_for_specific_pronouns(filename)
-      end
+    man_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      next unless filename =~ included
+      error_messages << check_for_expendable_words(filename)
+      error_messages << check_for_specific_pronouns(filename)
     end
     expect(error_messages.compact).to be_well_formed
   end
@@ -53,12 +51,10 @@ RSpec.describe "La biblioteca si misma" do
   it "mantiene la calidad de lenguaje de oraciones usadas en el código fuente" do
     error_messages = []
     exempt = /vendor/
-    in_repo_root do
-      lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        next if filename =~ exempt
-        error_messages << check_for_expendable_words(filename)
-        error_messages << check_for_specific_pronouns(filename)
-      end
+    lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      next if filename =~ exempt
+      error_messages << check_for_expendable_words(filename)
+      error_messages << check_for_specific_pronouns(filename)
     end
     expect(error_messages.compact).to be_well_formed
   end
diff --git a/spec/quality_spec.rb b/spec/quality_spec.rb
index 95ab31dae0..e94addae5e 100644
--- a/spec/quality_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/quality_spec.rb
@@ -107,12 +107,10 @@ RSpec.describe "The library itself" do
   it "has no malformed whitespace" do
     exempt = /\.gitmodules|fixtures|vendor|LICENSE|vcr_cassettes|rbreadline\.diff|\.txt$/
     error_messages = []
-    in_repo_root do
-      tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        next if filename =~ exempt
-        error_messages << check_for_tab_characters(filename)
-        error_messages << check_for_extra_spaces(filename)
-      end
+    tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      next if filename =~ exempt
+      error_messages << check_for_tab_characters(filename)
+      error_messages << check_for_extra_spaces(filename)
     end
     expect(error_messages.compact).to be_well_formed
   end
@@ -120,11 +118,9 @@ RSpec.describe "The library itself" do
   it "has no estraneous quotes" do
     exempt = /vendor|vcr_cassettes|LICENSE|rbreadline\.diff/
     error_messages = []
-    in_repo_root do
-      tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        next if filename =~ exempt
-        error_messages << check_for_straneous_quotes(filename)
-      end
+    tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      next if filename =~ exempt
+      error_messages << check_for_straneous_quotes(filename)
     end
     expect(error_messages.compact).to be_well_formed
   end
@@ -132,11 +128,9 @@ RSpec.describe "The library itself" do
   it "does not include any leftover debugging or development mechanisms" do
     exempt = %r{quality_spec.rb|support/helpers|vcr_cassettes|\.md|\.ronn|\.txt|\.5|\.1}
     error_messages = []
-    in_repo_root do
-      tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        next if filename =~ exempt
-        error_messages << check_for_debugging_mechanisms(filename)
-      end
+    tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      next if filename =~ exempt
+      error_messages << check_for_debugging_mechanisms(filename)
     end
     expect(error_messages.compact).to be_well_formed
   end
@@ -144,11 +138,9 @@ RSpec.describe "The library itself" do
   it "does not include any unresolved merge conflicts" do
     error_messages = []
     exempt = %r{lock/lockfile_spec|quality_spec|vcr_cassettes|\.ronn|lockfile_parser\.rb}
-    in_repo_root do
-      tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        next if filename =~ exempt
-        error_messages << check_for_git_merge_conflicts(filename)
-      end
+    tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      next if filename =~ exempt
+      error_messages << check_for_git_merge_conflicts(filename)
     end
     expect(error_messages.compact).to be_well_formed
   end
@@ -156,12 +148,10 @@ RSpec.describe "The library itself" do
   it "maintains language quality of the documentation" do
     included = /ronn/
     error_messages = []
-    in_repo_root do
-      man_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        next unless filename =~ included
-        error_messages << check_for_expendable_words(filename)
-        error_messages << check_for_specific_pronouns(filename)
-      end
+    man_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      next unless filename =~ included
+      error_messages << check_for_expendable_words(filename)
+      error_messages << check_for_specific_pronouns(filename)
     end
     expect(error_messages.compact).to be_well_formed
   end
@@ -169,12 +159,10 @@ RSpec.describe "The library itself" do
   it "maintains language quality of sentences used in source code" do
     error_messages = []
     exempt = /vendor|vcr_cassettes/
-    in_repo_root do
-      lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        next if filename =~ exempt
-        error_messages << check_for_expendable_words(filename)
-        error_messages << check_for_specific_pronouns(filename)
-      end
+    lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      next if filename =~ exempt
+      error_messages << check_for_expendable_words(filename)
+      error_messages << check_for_specific_pronouns(filename)
     end
     expect(error_messages.compact).to be_well_formed
   end
@@ -197,15 +185,13 @@ RSpec.describe "The library itself" do
     Bundler::Settings::NUMBER_KEYS.each {|k| all_settings[k] << "in Bundler::Settings::NUMBER_KEYS" }
     Bundler::Settings::ARRAY_KEYS.each {|k| all_settings[k] << "in Bundler::Settings::ARRAY_KEYS" }
 
-    in_repo_root do
-      key_pattern = /([a-z\._-]+)/i
-      lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        each_line(filename) do |line, number|
-          line.scan(/Bundler\.settings\[:#{key_pattern}\]/).flatten.each {|s| all_settings[s] << "referenced at `#{filename}:#{number.succ}`" }
-        end
+    key_pattern = /([a-z\._-]+)/i
+    lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      each_line(filename) do |line, number|
+        line.scan(/Bundler\.settings\[:#{key_pattern}\]/).flatten.each {|s| all_settings[s] << "referenced at `#{filename}:#{number.succ}`" }
       end
-      documented_settings = File.read("man/bundle-config.ronn")[/LIST OF AVAILABLE KEYS.*/m].scan(/^\* `#{key_pattern}`/).flatten
     end
+    documented_settings = File.read("man/bundle-config.ronn")[/LIST OF AVAILABLE KEYS.*/m].scan(/^\* `#{key_pattern}`/).flatten
 
     documented_settings.each do |s|
       all_settings.delete(s)
@@ -231,54 +217,48 @@ RSpec.describe "The library itself" do
   end
 
   it "ships the correct set of files" do
-    in_repo_root do
-      git_list = shipped_files.split("\x0")
+    git_list = shipped_files.split("\x0")
 
-      gem_list = Gem::Specification.load(gemspec.to_s).files
+    gem_list = Gem::Specification.load(gemspec.to_s).files
 
-      expect(git_list.to_set).to eq(gem_list.to_set)
-    end
+    expect(git_list.to_set).to eq(gem_list.to_set)
   end
 
   it "does not contain any warnings" do
-    in_repo_root do
-      exclusions = %w[
-        lib/bundler/capistrano.rb
-        lib/bundler/deployment.rb
-        lib/bundler/gem_tasks.rb
-        lib/bundler/vlad.rb
-        lib/bundler/templates/gems.rb
-      ]
-      files_to_require = lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").grep(/\.rb$/) - exclusions
-      files_to_require.reject! {|f| f.start_with?("lib/bundler/vendor") }
-      files_to_require.map! {|f| File.expand_path("../#{f}", __dir__) }
-      sys_exec!("ruby -w") do |input, _, _|
-        files_to_require.each do |f|
-          input.puts "require '#{f}'"
-        end
+    exclusions = %w[
+      lib/bundler/capistrano.rb
+      lib/bundler/deployment.rb
+      lib/bundler/gem_tasks.rb
+      lib/bundler/vlad.rb
+      lib/bundler/templates/gems.rb
+    ]
+    files_to_require = lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").grep(/\.rb$/) - exclusions
+    files_to_require.reject! {|f| f.start_with?("lib/bundler/vendor") }
+    files_to_require.map! {|f| File.expand_path("../#{f}", __dir__) }
+    sys_exec!("ruby -w") do |input, _, _|
+      files_to_require.each do |f|
+        input.puts "require '#{f}'"
       end
+    end
 
-      warnings = last_command.stdboth.split("\n")
-      # ignore warnings around deprecated Object#=~ method in RubyGems
-      warnings.reject! {|w| w =~ %r{rubygems\/version.rb.*deprecated\ Object#=~} }
+    warnings = last_command.stdboth.split("\n")
+    # ignore warnings around deprecated Object#=~ method in RubyGems
+    warnings.reject! {|w| w =~ %r{rubygems\/version.rb.*deprecated\ Object#=~} }
 
-      expect(warnings).to be_well_formed
-    end
+    expect(warnings).to be_well_formed
   end
 
   it "does not use require internally, but require_relative" do
-    in_repo_root do
-      exempt = %r{templates/|vendor/}
-      all_bad_requires = []
-      lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
-        next if filename =~ exempt
-        each_line(filename) do |line, number|
-          line.scan(/^ *require "bundler/).each { all_bad_requires << "#{filename}:#{number.succ}" }
-        end
+    exempt = %r{templates/|vendor/}
+    all_bad_requires = []
+    lib_tracked_files.split("\x0").each do |filename|
+      next if filename =~ exempt
+      each_line(filename) do |line, number|
+        line.scan(/^ *require "bundler/).each { all_bad_requires << "#{filename}:#{number.succ}" }
       end
-
-      expect(all_bad_requires).to be_empty, "#{all_bad_requires.size} internal requires that should use `require_relative`: #{all_bad_requires}"
     end
+
+    expect(all_bad_requires).to be_empty, "#{all_bad_requires.size} internal requires that should use `require_relative`: #{all_bad_requires}"
   end
 
 private
diff --git a/spec/runtime/executable_spec.rb b/spec/runtime/executable_spec.rb
index 96197a52b8..e420594f52 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/executable_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/runtime/executable_spec.rb
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ RSpec.describe "Running bin/* commands" do
 
   it "uses the default ruby install name when shebang is not specified" do
     bundle! "binstubs rack"
-    expect(File.open("bin/rackup").gets).to eq("#!/usr/bin/env #{RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_install_name"]}\n")
+    expect(File.open(bundled_app("bin/rackup")).gets).to eq("#!/usr/bin/env #{RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_install_name"]}\n")
   end
 
   it "allows the name of the shebang executable to be specified" do
     skip "not created with custom name :/" if Gem.win_platform?
 
     bundle! "binstubs rack", :shebang => "ruby-foo"
-    expect(File.open("bin/rackup").gets).to eq("#!/usr/bin/env ruby-foo\n")
+    expect(File.open(bundled_app("bin/rackup")).gets).to eq("#!/usr/bin/env ruby-foo\n")
   end
 
   it "runs the bundled command when out of the bundle" do
@@ -63,10 +63,8 @@ RSpec.describe "Running bin/* commands" do
       s.executables = "rackup"
     end
 
-    Dir.chdir(tmp) do
-      gembin "rackup"
-      expect(out).to eq("1.0.0")
-    end
+    gembin "rackup", :dir => tmp
+    expect(out).to eq("1.0.0")
   end
 
   it "works with gems in path" do
diff --git a/spec/runtime/gem_tasks_spec.rb b/spec/runtime/gem_tasks_spec.rb
index 91ea5cf189..4fe9d43e73 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/gem_tasks_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/runtime/gem_tasks_spec.rb
@@ -59,15 +59,12 @@ RSpec.describe "require 'bundler/gem_tasks'" do
 
   context "rake build when path has spaces" do
     before do
-      Dir.chdir(root)
       spaced_bundled_app = tmp.join("bundled app")
       FileUtils.mv bundled_app, spaced_bundled_app
-      Dir.chdir(spaced_bundled_app)
+      bundle! "exec rake build", :dir => spaced_bundled_app
     end
 
     it "still runs successfully" do
-      bundle! "exec rake build"
-
       expect(err).to be_empty
     end
   end
diff --git a/spec/runtime/inline_spec.rb b/spec/runtime/inline_spec.rb
index def258ec66..fb6c6e90ad 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/inline_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/runtime/inline_spec.rb
@@ -233,16 +233,14 @@ RSpec.describe "bundler/inline#gemfile" do
          1.13.6
     G
 
-    in_app_root do
-      script <<-RUBY
-        gemfile do
-          source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
-          gem "rack"
-        end
+    script <<-RUBY
+      gemfile do
+        source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
+        gem "rack"
+      end
 
-        puts RACK
-      RUBY
-    end
+      puts RACK
+    RUBY
 
     expect(err).to be_empty
     expect(exitstatus).to be_zero if exitstatus
@@ -265,16 +263,14 @@ RSpec.describe "bundler/inline#gemfile" do
   it "installs inline gems when BUNDLE_GEMFILE is set to an empty string" do
     ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] = ""
 
-    in_app_root do
-      script <<-RUBY
-        gemfile do
-          source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
-          gem "rack"
-        end
+    script <<-RUBY
+      gemfile do
+        source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
+        gem "rack"
+      end
 
-        puts RACK
-      RUBY
-    end
+      puts RACK
+    RUBY
 
     expect(err).to be_empty
     expect(exitstatus).to be_zero if exitstatus
diff --git a/spec/runtime/load_spec.rb b/spec/runtime/load_spec.rb
index 7de67e247c..a406fbaf49 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/load_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/runtime/load_spec.rb
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ RSpec.describe "Bundler.load" do
         source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
         gem "rack"
       G
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:pwd).and_return(bundled_app)
     end
 
     it "provides a list of the env dependencies" do
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ RSpec.describe "Bundler.load" do
         gem "rack"
       G
       bundle! :install
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:pwd).and_return(bundled_app)
     end
 
     it "provides a list of the env dependencies" do
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ RSpec.describe "Bundler.load" do
         source "#{file_uri_for(gem_repo1)}"
         gem "activerecord"
       G
-
+      allow(Bundler::SharedHelpers).to receive(:find_gemfile).and_return(bundled_app_gemfile)
       Bundler.load.specs.each do |spec|
         expect(spec.to_yaml).not_to match(/^\s+source:/)
         expect(spec.to_yaml).not_to match(/^\s+groups:/)
diff --git a/spec/runtime/platform_spec.rb b/spec/runtime/platform_spec.rb
index f7e93eacf1..ad9c56d14e 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/platform_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/runtime/platform_spec.rb
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ RSpec.describe "Bundler.setup with multi platform stuff" do
   end
 
   it "allows specifying only-ruby-platform on windows with gemspec dependency" do
-    build_lib("foo", "1.0", :path => ".") do |s|
+    build_lib("foo", "1.0", :path => bundled_app) do |s|
       s.add_dependency "rack"
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/runtime/setup_spec.rb b/spec/runtime/setup_spec.rb
index 8c2c55ac5b..f94efbea6a 100644
--- a/spec/runtime/setup_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/runtime/setup_spec.rb
@@ -489,15 +489,16 @@ RSpec.describe "Bundler.setup" do
     it "does not randomly change the path when specifying --path and the bundle directory becomes read only" do
       bundle! :install, forgotten_command_line_options(:path => "vendor/bundle")
 
-      with_read_only("**/*") do
+      with_read_only("#{bundled_app}/**/*") do
         expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0.0"
       end
     end
 
     it "finds git gem when default bundle path becomes read only" do
+      bundle "config set --local path .bundle"
       bundle "install"
 
-      with_read_only("#{Bundler.bundle_path}/**/*") do
+      with_read_only("#{bundled_app(".bundle")}/**/*") do
         expect(the_bundle).to include_gems "rack 1.0.0"
       end
     end
@@ -865,11 +866,9 @@ end
         gem 'foo', '1.2.3', :path => 'vendor/foo'
       G
 
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app.parent) do
-        run <<-R, :env => { "BUNDLE_GEMFILE" => bundled_app_gemfile.to_s }
-          require 'foo'
-        R
-      end
+      run <<-R, :env => { "BUNDLE_GEMFILE" => bundled_app_gemfile.to_s }, :dir => bundled_app.parent
+        require 'foo'
+      R
       expect(err).to be_empty
     end
 
@@ -889,11 +888,9 @@ end
 
       bundle :install
 
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app.parent) do
-        run <<-R, :env => { "BUNDLE_GEMFILE" => bundled_app_gemfile.to_s }
-          require 'foo'
-        R
-      end
+      run <<-R, :env => { "BUNDLE_GEMFILE" => bundled_app_gemfile.to_s }, :dir => bundled_app.parent
+        require 'foo'
+      R
 
       expect(err).to be_empty
     end
diff --git a/spec/spec_helper.rb b/spec/spec_helper.rb
index 2b975cf5fc..0074cb81d8 100644
--- a/spec/spec_helper.rb
+++ b/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ RSpec.configure do |config|
 
   config.bisect_runner = :shell
 
-  original_wd  = Dir.pwd
   original_env = ENV.to_hash
 
   config.expect_with :rspec do |c|
@@ -105,8 +104,6 @@ RSpec.configure do |config|
     reset!
     system_gems []
 
-    Dir.chdir(bundled_app)
-
     @command_executions = []
 
     Bundler.ui.silence { example.run }
@@ -119,8 +116,6 @@ RSpec.configure do |config|
         message
       end
     end
-
-    Dir.chdir(original_wd)
   end
 
   config.after :suite do
diff --git a/spec/support/builders.rb b/spec/support/builders.rb
index 021057cc3c..467a9f2ccd 100644
--- a/spec/support/builders.rb
+++ b/spec/support/builders.rb
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ module Spec
       @_build_repo = File.basename(path)
       yield
       with_gem_path_as Path.base_system_gems do
-        Dir.chdir(path) { gem_command! :generate_index }
+        gem_command! :generate_index, :dir => path
       end
     ensure
       @_build_path = nil
@@ -551,6 +551,11 @@ module Spec
         @files = {}
       end
 
+      def capture(cmd, dir)
+        output, _status = Open3.capture2e(cmd, :chdir => dir)
+        output
+      end
+
       def method_missing(*args, &blk)
         @spec.send(*args, &blk)
       end
@@ -660,14 +665,12 @@ module Spec
         path = options[:path] || _default_path
         source = options[:source] || "git@#{path}"
         super(options.merge(:path => path, :source => source))
-        Dir.chdir(path) do
-          `git init`
-          `git add *`
-          `git config user.email "lol@wut.com"`
-          `git config user.name "lolwut"`
-          `git config commit.gpgsign false`
-          `git commit -m "OMG INITIAL COMMIT"`
-        end
+        capture("git init", path)
+        capture("git add *", path)
+        capture("git config user.email \"lol@wut.com\"", path)
+        capture("git config user.name \"lolwut\"", path)
+        capture("git config commit.gpgsign false", path)
+        capture("git commit -m \"OMG INITIAL COMMIT\"", path)
       end
     end
 
@@ -675,15 +678,14 @@ module Spec
       def _build(options)
         path = options[:path] || _default_path
         super(options.merge(:path => path))
-        Dir.chdir(path) do
-          `git init --bare`
-        end
+        capture("git init --bare", path)
       end
     end
 
     class GitUpdater < LibBuilder
-      def silently(str)
-        `#{str} 2>#{Bundler::NULL}`
+      def silently(str, dir)
+        output, _error, _status = Open3.capture3(str, :chdir => dir)
+        output
       end
 
       def _build(options)
@@ -691,34 +693,32 @@ module Spec
         update_gemspec = options[:gemspec] || false
         source = options[:source] || "git@#{libpath}"
 
-        Dir.chdir(libpath) do
-          silently "git checkout master"
+        silently "git checkout master", libpath
 
-          if branch = options[:branch]
-            raise "You can't specify `master` as the branch" if branch == "master"
-            escaped_branch = Shellwords.shellescape(branch)
+        if branch = options[:branch]
+          raise "You can't specify `master` as the branch" if branch == "master"
+          escaped_branch = Shellwords.shellescape(branch)
 
-            if `git branch | grep #{escaped_branch}`.empty?
-              silently("git branch #{escaped_branch}")
-            end
-
-            silently("git checkout #{escaped_branch}")
-          elsif tag = options[:tag]
-            `git tag #{Shellwords.shellescape(tag)}`
-          elsif options[:remote]
-            silently("git remote add origin #{options[:remote]}")
-          elsif options[:push]
-            silently("git push origin #{options[:push]}")
+          if capture("git branch | grep #{escaped_branch}", libpath).empty?
+            silently("git branch #{escaped_branch}", libpath)
           end
 
-          current_ref = `git rev-parse HEAD`.strip
-          _default_files.keys.each do |path|
-            _default_files[path] += "\n#{Builders.constantize(name)}_PREV_REF = '#{current_ref}'"
-          end
-          super(options.merge(:path => libpath, :gemspec => update_gemspec, :source => source))
-          `git add *`
-          `git commit -m "BUMP"`
+          silently("git checkout #{escaped_branch}", libpath)
+        elsif tag = options[:tag]
+          capture("git tag #{Shellwords.shellescape(tag)}", libpath)
+        elsif options[:remote]
+          silently("git remote add origin #{options[:remote]}", libpath)
+        elsif options[:push]
+          silently("git push origin #{options[:push]}", libpath)
+        end
+
+        current_ref = silently("git rev-parse HEAD", libpath).strip
+        _default_files.keys.each do |path|
+          _default_files[path] += "\n#{Builders.constantize(name)}_PREV_REF = '#{current_ref}'"
         end
+        super(options.merge(:path => libpath, :gemspec => update_gemspec, :source => source))
+        capture("git add *", libpath)
+        capture("git commit -m \"BUMP\"", libpath)
       end
     end
 
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ module Spec
 
       def git(cmd)
         Bundler::SharedHelpers.with_clean_git_env do
-          Dir.chdir(@path) { `git #{cmd}`.strip }
+          Open3.capture2e("git #{cmd}", :chdir => path)[0].strip
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/spec/support/helpers.rb b/spec/support/helpers.rb
index 4180a2f1ae..dde8daaf6f 100644
--- a/spec/support/helpers.rb
+++ b/spec/support/helpers.rb
@@ -114,6 +114,8 @@ module Spec
       load_path << spec_dir
       load_path_str = "-I#{load_path.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)}"
 
+      dir = options.delete(:dir) || bundled_app
+
       args = options.map do |k, v|
         case v
         when nil
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ module Spec
       end.join
 
       cmd = "#{sudo} #{Gem.ruby} #{load_path_str} #{requires_str} #{bundle_bin} #{cmd}#{args}"
-      sys_exec(cmd, { :env => env }, &block)
+      sys_exec(cmd, { :env => env, :dir => dir }, &block)
     end
     bang :bundle
 
@@ -170,17 +172,17 @@ module Spec
       R
     end
 
-    def gembin(cmd)
+    def gembin(cmd, options = {})
       old = ENV["RUBYOPT"]
       ENV["RUBYOPT"] = "#{ENV["RUBYOPT"]} -I#{lib_dir}"
       cmd = bundled_app("bin/#{cmd}") unless cmd.to_s.include?("/")
-      sys_exec(cmd.to_s)
+      sys_exec(cmd.to_s, options)
     ensure
       ENV["RUBYOPT"] = old
     end
 
-    def gem_command(command)
-      sys_exec("#{Path.gem_bin} #{command}")
+    def gem_command(command, options = {})
+      sys_exec("#{Path.gem_bin} #{command}", options)
     end
     bang :gem_command
 
@@ -190,11 +192,12 @@ module Spec
 
     def sys_exec(cmd, options = {})
       env = options[:env] || {}
-      command_execution = CommandExecution.new(cmd.to_s, Dir.pwd)
+      dir = options[:dir] || bundled_app
+      command_execution = CommandExecution.new(cmd.to_s, dir)
 
       require "open3"
       require "shellwords"
-      Open3.popen3(env, *cmd.shellsplit) do |stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thr|
+      Open3.popen3(env, *cmd.shellsplit, :chdir => dir) do |stdin, stdout, stderr, wait_thr|
         yield stdin, stdout, wait_thr if block_given?
         stdin.close
 
@@ -238,7 +241,7 @@ module Spec
       contents = args.shift
 
       if contents.nil?
-        File.open("Gemfile", "r", &:read)
+        File.open(bundled_app_gemfile, "r", &:read)
       else
         create_file("Gemfile", contents, *args)
       end
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ module Spec
       contents = args.shift
 
       if contents.nil?
-        File.open("Gemfile.lock", "r", &:read)
+        File.open(bundled_app_lock, "r", &:read)
       else
         create_file("Gemfile.lock", contents, *args)
       end
@@ -297,7 +300,7 @@ module Spec
 
     def with_built_bundler
       with_root_gemspec do |gemspec|
-        in_repo_root { gem_command! "build #{gemspec}" }
+        gem_command! "build #{gemspec}", :dir => root
       end
 
       bundler_path = root + "bundler-#{Bundler::VERSION}.gem"
@@ -357,7 +360,8 @@ module Spec
       opts = gems.last.is_a?(Hash) ? gems.last : {}
       path = opts.fetch(:path, system_gem_path)
       if path == :bundle_path
-        path = ruby!(<<-RUBY)
+        bundle_dir = opts.fetch(:bundle_dir, bundled_app)
+        path = ruby!(<<-RUBY, :dir => bundle_dir)
           require "bundler"
           begin
             puts Bundler.bundle_path
@@ -494,7 +498,7 @@ module Spec
     end
 
     def revision_for(path)
-      Dir.chdir(path) { `git rev-parse HEAD`.strip }
+      sys_exec("git rev-parse HEAD", :dir => path).strip
     end
 
     def with_read_only(pattern)
diff --git a/spec/support/path.rb b/spec/support/path.rb
index a645aa6ffd..25206c9832 100644
--- a/spec/support/path.rb
+++ b/spec/support/path.rb
@@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ module Spec
     def lib_tracked_files
       skip "not in git working directory" unless git_root_dir?
 
-      @lib_tracked_files ||= ruby_core? ? `git ls-files -z -- lib/bundler lib/bundler.rb` : `git ls-files -z -- lib`
+      @lib_tracked_files ||= ruby_core? ? sys_exec("git ls-files -z -- lib/bundler lib/bundler.rb", :dir => root) : sys_exec("git ls-files -z -- lib", :dir => root)
     end
 
     def man_tracked_files
       skip "not in git working directory" unless git_root_dir?
 
-      @man_tracked_files ||= `git ls-files -z -- man`
+      @man_tracked_files ||= sys_exec("git ls-files -z -- man", :dir => root)
     end
 
     def tmp(*path)
@@ -194,14 +194,6 @@ module Spec
       end
     end
 
-    def in_app_root
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app) { yield }
-    end
-
-    def in_app_root2
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app2) { yield }
-    end
-
     def in_repo_root
       Dir.chdir(root) { yield }
     end
diff --git a/spec/support/rubygems_version_manager.rb b/spec/support/rubygems_version_manager.rb
index 854bce890d..8eab7749f9 100644
--- a/spec/support/rubygems_version_manager.rb
+++ b/spec/support/rubygems_version_manager.rb
@@ -44,10 +44,8 @@ private
   def switch_local_copy_if_needed
     return unless local_copy_switch_needed?
 
-    Dir.chdir(local_copy_path) do
-      sys_exec!("git remote update")
-      sys_exec!("git checkout #{target_tag} --quiet")
-    end
+    sys_exec!("git remote update", :dir => local_copy_path)
+    sys_exec!("git checkout #{target_tag} --quiet", :dir => local_copy_path)
 
     ENV["RGV"] = local_copy_path.to_s
   end
@@ -65,9 +63,7 @@ private
   end
 
   def local_copy_tag
-    Dir.chdir(local_copy_path) do
-      sys_exec!("git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD")
-    end
+    sys_exec!("git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD", :dir => local_copy_path)
   end
 
   def local_copy_path
diff --git a/spec/update/gemfile_spec.rb b/spec/update/gemfile_spec.rb
index 8c2bd9ccbf..4a902e59e2 100644
--- a/spec/update/gemfile_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/update/gemfile_spec.rb
@@ -38,12 +38,10 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle update" do
 
     it "uses the gemfile while in a subdirectory" do
       bundled_app("subdir").mkpath
-      Dir.chdir(bundled_app("subdir")) do
-        bundle! "update", :all => true
-        bundle "list"
+      bundle! "update", :all => true, :dir => bundled_app("subdir")
+      bundle "list", :dir => bundled_app("subdir")
 
-        expect(out).to include("rack (1.0.0)")
-      end
+      expect(out).to include("rack (1.0.0)")
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/spec/update/git_spec.rb b/spec/update/git_spec.rb
index 752033c842..58cf18bba0 100644
--- a/spec/update/git_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/update/git_spec.rb
@@ -131,10 +131,8 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle update" do
           s.add_dependency "submodule"
         end
 
-        Dir.chdir(lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")) do
-          sys_exec "git submodule add #{lib_path("submodule-1.0")} submodule-1.0"
-          `git commit -m "submodulator"`
-        end
+        sys_exec "git submodule add #{lib_path("submodule-1.0")} submodule-1.0", :dir => lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")
+        sys_exec "git commit -m \"submodulator\"", :dir => lib_path("has_submodule-1.0")
       end
 
       it "it unlocks the source when submodules are added to a git source" do
@@ -259,14 +257,12 @@ RSpec.describe "bundle update" do
 
       bundle "update --source foo"
 
-      in_app_root do
-        run <<-RUBY
-          require 'foo'
-          puts "WIN" if defined?(FOO_PREV_REF)
-        RUBY
+      run <<-RUBY
+        require 'foo'
+        puts "WIN" if defined?(FOO_PREV_REF)
+      RUBY
 
-        expect(out).to eq("WIN")
-      end
+      expect(out).to eq("WIN")
     end
 
     it "unlocks gems that were originally pulled in by the source" do