Add IP2k GAS and OPCODES support.

1 files changed, 977 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/opcodes/ip2k-asm.c b/opcodes/ip2k-asm.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c2163b0ceed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opcodes/ip2k-asm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,977 @@
+/* Assembler interface for targets using CGEN. -*- C -*-
+   CGEN: Cpu tools GENerator
+
+THIS FILE IS MACHINE GENERATED WITH CGEN.
+- the resultant file is machine generated, cgen-asm.in isn't
+
+Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+This file is part of the GNU Binutils and GDB, the GNU debugger.
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
+
+/* ??? Eventually more and more of this stuff can go to cpu-independent files.
+   Keep that in mind.  */
+
+#include "sysdep.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "ansidecl.h"
+#include "bfd.h"
+#include "symcat.h"
+#include "ip2k-desc.h"
+#include "ip2k-opc.h"
+#include "opintl.h"
+#include "xregex.h"
+#include "libiberty.h"
+#include "safe-ctype.h"
+
+#undef  min
+#define min(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#undef  max
+#define max(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+static const char * parse_insn_normal
+     PARAMS ((CGEN_CPU_DESC, const CGEN_INSN *, const char **, CGEN_FIELDS *));
+
+/* -- assembler routines inserted here.  */
+
+/* -- asm.c */
+
+static const char *
+parse_fr (cd, strp, opindex, valuep)
+     CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+     const char **strp;
+     int opindex;
+     long *valuep;
+{
+  const char *errmsg;
+  char *old_strp;
+  char *afteroffset; 
+  enum cgen_parse_operand_result result_type;
+  bfd_vma value;
+  extern CGEN_KEYWORD ip2k_cgen_opval_register_names;
+  long tempvalue;
+
+  old_strp = *strp;
+  afteroffset = NULL; 
+
+
+  /* Check here to see if you're about to try parsing a w as the first arg */
+  /* and return an error if you are.                                       */
+  if ( (strncmp(*strp,"w",1)==0) || (strncmp(*strp,"W",1)==0) )
+  {
+     (*strp)++;
+
+     if ( (strncmp(*strp,",",1)==0) || isspace(**strp) )
+     {
+        /* We've been passed a w.  Return with an error message so that  */
+        /* cgen will try the next parsing option.                        */
+        errmsg = _("W keyword invalid in FR operand slot.");
+        return errmsg;
+     }
+     *strp = old_strp;
+  }
+
+
+  /* Attempt parse as register keyword. */
+  /* old_strp = *strp; */
+
+  errmsg = cgen_parse_keyword (cd, strp, & ip2k_cgen_opval_register_names, valuep);
+  if ( *strp != NULL )
+  if (errmsg == NULL)
+    return errmsg;
+
+  /* Attempt to parse for "(IP)" */
+  afteroffset = strstr(*strp,"(IP)");
+
+  if ( afteroffset == NULL)
+  {
+     /* Make sure it's not in lower case */
+     afteroffset = strstr(*strp,"(ip)");
+  }
+
+  if ( afteroffset != NULL )
+    {
+      if ( afteroffset != *strp )
+	{
+	  /* Invalid offset present.*/
+	  errmsg = _("offset(IP) is not a valid form");
+	  return errmsg;
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  *strp += 4; 
+	  *valuep = 0;
+	  errmsg = NULL;
+	  return errmsg;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Attempt to parse for DP. ex: mov w, offset(DP)  */
+  /*                              mov offset(DP),w   */
+
+  /* Try parsing it as an address and see what comes back */
+
+  afteroffset = strstr(*strp,"(DP)");
+
+  if ( afteroffset == NULL)
+  {
+     /* Maybe it's in lower case */
+     afteroffset = strstr(*strp,"(dp)");
+  }
+
+  if ( afteroffset != NULL )
+  {
+     if ( afteroffset == *strp )
+     {
+        /* No offset present. Use 0 by default. */
+        tempvalue = 0;
+        errmsg = NULL;
+     }
+     else
+     {
+       errmsg = cgen_parse_address (cd, strp, opindex, BFD_RELOC_IP2K_FR_OFFSET,
+				    & result_type, & tempvalue);
+     }
+
+     if (errmsg == NULL)
+     {
+        if ( (tempvalue >= 0) && (tempvalue <= 127) )
+        {
+           /* Value is ok.  Fix up the first 2 bits and return */       
+           *valuep = 0x0100 | tempvalue;
+           *strp += 4; /* skip over the (DP) in *strp */
+           return errmsg;
+        } else
+        {
+           /* Found something there in front of (DP) but it's out of range. */
+           errmsg = _("(DP) offset out of range.");
+           return errmsg;
+        }
+        
+     }
+  }
+
+
+  /* Attempt to parse for SP. ex: mov w, offset(SP)  */
+  /*                              mov offset(SP), w  */
+
+
+  afteroffset = strstr(*strp,"(SP)");
+
+  if (afteroffset == NULL)
+  {
+     /* Maybe it's in lower case. */
+     afteroffset = strstr(*strp, "(sp)");
+  }
+
+  if ( afteroffset != NULL )
+  {
+     if ( afteroffset ==  *strp )
+     {
+        /* No offset present. Use 0 by default. */
+        tempvalue = 0;
+        errmsg = NULL;
+     }
+     else
+     {
+       errmsg = cgen_parse_address (cd, strp, opindex, BFD_RELOC_IP2K_FR_OFFSET,
+				    & result_type, & tempvalue);
+     }
+     if (errmsg == NULL)
+     {
+        if ( (tempvalue >= 0) && (tempvalue <= 127) )
+        {
+           /* Value is ok.  Fix up the first 2 bits and return */
+           *valuep = 0x0180 | tempvalue;
+           *strp += 4; /* skip over the (SP) in *strp */
+           return errmsg;
+        } else
+        {
+           /* Found something there in front of (SP) but it's out of range. */
+           errmsg = _("(SP) offset out of range.");
+           return errmsg;
+        }
+        
+     }
+  }
+
+
+  /* Attempt to parse as an address. */
+  *strp = old_strp;
+  errmsg = cgen_parse_address (cd, strp, opindex, BFD_RELOC_IP2K_FR9,
+			       & result_type, & value);
+  if (errmsg == NULL)
+    {
+      *valuep = value;
+
+      /* if a parenthesis is found, warn about invalid form */
+
+      if (**strp == '(')
+	{
+	  errmsg = _("illegal use of parentheses");
+        }
+      /* if a numeric value is specified, ensure that it is between 1 and 255 */
+      else if (result_type == CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_NUMBER)
+	{
+	  if (value < 0x1 || value > 0xff)
+	    errmsg = _("operand out of range (not between 1 and 255)");
+	}
+    }
+  return errmsg;
+}
+
+static const char *
+parse_addr16 (cd, strp, opindex, valuep)
+     CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+     const char **strp;
+     int opindex;
+     long *valuep;
+{
+  const char *errmsg;
+  enum cgen_parse_operand_result result_type;
+  bfd_reloc_code_real_type code = BFD_RELOC_NONE;
+  long value;
+
+  if ( opindex == (CGEN_OPERAND_TYPE)IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16H )
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_HI8DATA;
+  else if ( opindex == (CGEN_OPERAND_TYPE)IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16L )
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_LO8DATA;
+  else
+    {
+      /* Something is very wrong. opindex has to be one of the above. */
+      errmsg = _("parse_addr16: invalid opindex.");
+      return errmsg;
+    }
+  
+  errmsg = cgen_parse_address (cd, strp, opindex, code,
+                                  & result_type, & value);
+  if (errmsg == NULL)
+    {
+       /* We either have a relocation or a number now. */
+      if ( result_type == CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_NUMBER )
+      {
+         /* We got a number back. */
+         if ( code == BFD_RELOC_IP2K_HI8DATA )
+            value >>= 8;
+         else    /* code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_LOW8DATA */
+	    value &= 0x00FF;
+      }   
+         *valuep = value;
+   }
+
+  return errmsg;
+}
+
+
+ static const char *
+ parse_addr16_p (cd, strp, opindex, valuep)
+      CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+      const char **strp;
+      int opindex;
+      long *valuep;
+ {
+   const char *errmsg;
+   enum cgen_parse_operand_result result_type;
+   bfd_reloc_code_real_type code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_PAGE3;
+   long value;
+ 
+   errmsg = cgen_parse_address (cd, strp, opindex, code,
+                                 & result_type, & value);
+   if (errmsg == NULL)
+   {
+       if ( result_type == CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_NUMBER )
+            *valuep = (value >> 13) & 0x7;
+       else if ( result_type == CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_QUEUED )
+            *valuep = value;
+   }
+   return errmsg; 
+ }
+
+
+ static const char *
+ parse_addr16_cjp (cd, strp, opindex, valuep)
+      CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+      const char **strp;
+      int opindex;
+      long *valuep;
+ {
+   const char *errmsg;
+   enum cgen_parse_operand_result result_type;
+   bfd_reloc_code_real_type code = BFD_RELOC_NONE;
+   long value;
+ 
+   if ( opindex == (CGEN_OPERAND_TYPE)IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16CJP )
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_ADDR16CJP;
+   else if ( opindex == (CGEN_OPERAND_TYPE)IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16P )
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_PAGE3;
+
+   errmsg = cgen_parse_address (cd, strp, opindex, code,
+                                 & result_type, & value);
+   if (errmsg == NULL)
+   {
+       if ( result_type == CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_NUMBER )
+       {
+  	 if ( (value & 0x1) == 0)  /* If the address is even .... */
+         {
+             if ( opindex == (CGEN_OPERAND_TYPE)IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16CJP )
+                *valuep = (value >> 1) & 0x1FFF;  /* Should mask be 1FFF? */
+             else if ( opindex == (CGEN_OPERAND_TYPE)IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16P )
+                *valuep = (value >> 14) & 0x7;
+          }
+          else
+ 	    errmsg = _("Byte address required. - must be even.");
+       }else if ( result_type == CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_QUEUED )
+       {
+            /* This will happen for things like (s2-s1) where s2 and s1 */
+ 	    /* are labels.                                	        */
+            *valuep = value;
+        }
+      else 
+        errmsg = _("cgen_parse_address returned a symbol. Literal required.");
+   }
+   return errmsg; 
+ }
+
+
+static const char *
+parse_lit8 (cd, strp, opindex, valuep)
+     CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+     const char **strp;
+     int opindex;
+     long *valuep;
+{
+  const char *errmsg;
+  enum cgen_parse_operand_result result_type;
+  bfd_reloc_code_real_type code = BFD_RELOC_NONE;
+  long value;
+
+  /* Parse %OP relocating operators. */
+  if (strncmp (*strp, "%bank", 5) == 0)
+    {
+      *strp += 5;
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_BANK;
+    }
+  else if (strncmp (*strp, "%lo8data", 8) == 0)
+    {
+      *strp += 8;
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_LO8DATA;
+    }
+  else if (strncmp (*strp, "%hi8data", 8) == 0)
+    {
+      *strp += 8;
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_HI8DATA;
+    }
+  else if (strncmp (*strp, "%ex8data", 8) == 0)
+    {
+      *strp += 8;
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_EX8DATA;
+    }
+  else if (strncmp (*strp, "%lo8insn", 8) == 0)
+    {
+      *strp += 8;
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_LO8INSN;
+    }
+  else if (strncmp (*strp, "%hi8insn", 8) == 0)
+    {
+      *strp += 8;
+      code = BFD_RELOC_IP2K_HI8INSN;
+    }
+  
+
+  /* Parse %op operand.  */
+  if (code != BFD_RELOC_NONE)
+    {
+      errmsg = cgen_parse_address (cd, strp, opindex, code, 
+				   & result_type, & value);
+      if ((errmsg == NULL) &&
+	  (result_type != CGEN_PARSE_OPERAND_RESULT_QUEUED))
+	errmsg = _("%operator operand is not a symbol");
+
+      *valuep = value;
+    }
+  /* Parse as a number.  */
+  else
+    {
+      errmsg = cgen_parse_signed_integer (cd, strp, opindex, valuep);
+
+      /* Truncate to eight bits to accept both signed and unsigned input. */
+      if (errmsg == NULL)
+	*valuep &= 0xFF;
+    }
+
+  return errmsg;
+}
+
+static const char *
+parse_bit3 (cd, strp, opindex, valuep)
+     CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+     const char **strp;
+     int opindex;
+     long *valuep;
+{
+  const char *errmsg;
+  char mode = 0;
+  long count = 0;
+  unsigned long value;
+
+  if (strncmp (*strp, "%bit", 4) == 0)
+    {
+      *strp += 4;
+      mode = 1;
+    }
+  else if (strncmp (*strp, "%msbbit", 7) == 0)
+    {
+      *strp += 7;
+      mode = 1;
+    }
+  else if (strncmp (*strp, "%lsbbit", 7) == 0)
+    {
+      *strp += 7;
+      mode = 2;
+    }
+
+  errmsg = cgen_parse_signed_integer (cd, strp, opindex, valuep);
+  if (errmsg) {
+    return errmsg;
+  }
+
+  if (mode) {
+    value = (unsigned long) *valuep;
+    if (value == 0) {
+      errmsg = _("Attempt to find bit index of 0");
+      return errmsg;
+    }
+    
+    if (mode == 1) {
+      count = 31;
+      while ((value & 0x80000000) == 0) {
+        count--;
+        value <<= 1;
+      }
+    } else if (mode == 2) {
+      count = 0;
+      while ((value & 0x00000001) == 0) {
+        count++;
+        value >>= 1;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    *valuep = count;
+  }
+
+  return errmsg;
+}
+
+
+/* -- dis.c */
+
+const char * ip2k_cgen_parse_operand
+  PARAMS ((CGEN_CPU_DESC, int, const char **, CGEN_FIELDS *));
+
+/* Main entry point for operand parsing.
+
+   This function is basically just a big switch statement.  Earlier versions
+   used tables to look up the function to use, but
+   - if the table contains both assembler and disassembler functions then
+     the disassembler contains much of the assembler and vice-versa,
+   - there's a lot of inlining possibilities as things grow,
+   - using a switch statement avoids the function call overhead.
+
+   This function could be moved into `parse_insn_normal', but keeping it
+   separate makes clear the interface between `parse_insn_normal' and each of
+   the handlers.  */
+
+const char *
+ip2k_cgen_parse_operand (cd, opindex, strp, fields)
+     CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+     int opindex;
+     const char ** strp;
+     CGEN_FIELDS * fields;
+{
+  const char * errmsg = NULL;
+  /* Used by scalar operands that still need to be parsed.  */
+  long junk ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
+
+  switch (opindex)
+    {
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16CJP :
+      errmsg = parse_addr16_cjp (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16CJP, &fields->f_addr16cjp);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16H :
+      errmsg = parse_addr16 (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16H, &fields->f_imm8);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16L :
+      errmsg = parse_addr16 (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16L, &fields->f_imm8);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16P :
+      errmsg = parse_addr16_cjp (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_ADDR16P, &fields->f_page3);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_BITNO :
+      errmsg = parse_bit3 (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_BITNO, &fields->f_bitno);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_CBIT :
+      errmsg = cgen_parse_unsigned_integer (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_CBIT, &junk);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_DCBIT :
+      errmsg = cgen_parse_unsigned_integer (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_DCBIT, &junk);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_FR :
+      errmsg = parse_fr (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_FR, &fields->f_reg);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_LIT8 :
+      errmsg = parse_lit8 (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_LIT8, &fields->f_imm8);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_PABITS :
+      errmsg = cgen_parse_unsigned_integer (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_PABITS, &junk);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_RETI3 :
+      errmsg = cgen_parse_unsigned_integer (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_RETI3, &fields->f_reti3);
+      break;
+    case IP2K_OPERAND_ZBIT :
+      errmsg = cgen_parse_unsigned_integer (cd, strp, IP2K_OPERAND_ZBIT, &junk);
+      break;
+
+    default :
+      /* xgettext:c-format */
+      fprintf (stderr, _("Unrecognized field %d while parsing.\n"), opindex);
+      abort ();
+  }
+
+  return errmsg;
+}
+
+cgen_parse_fn * const ip2k_cgen_parse_handlers[] = 
+{
+  parse_insn_normal,
+};
+
+void
+ip2k_cgen_init_asm (cd)
+     CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+{
+  ip2k_cgen_init_opcode_table (cd);
+  ip2k_cgen_init_ibld_table (cd);
+  cd->parse_handlers = & ip2k_cgen_parse_handlers[0];
+  cd->parse_operand = ip2k_cgen_parse_operand;
+}
+
+
+
+/* Regex construction routine.
+
+   This translates an opcode syntax string into a regex string,
+   by replacing any non-character syntax element (such as an
+   opcode) with the pattern '.*'
+
+   It then compiles the regex and stores it in the opcode, for
+   later use by ip2k_cgen_assemble_insn
+
+   Returns NULL for success, an error message for failure.  */
+
+char * 
+ip2k_cgen_build_insn_regex (insn)
+     CGEN_INSN *insn;
+{  
+  CGEN_OPCODE *opc = (CGEN_OPCODE *) CGEN_INSN_OPCODE (insn);
+  const char *mnem = CGEN_INSN_MNEMONIC (insn);
+  char rxbuf[CGEN_MAX_RX_ELEMENTS];
+  char *rx = rxbuf;
+  const CGEN_SYNTAX_CHAR_TYPE *syn;
+  int reg_err;
+
+  syn = CGEN_SYNTAX_STRING (CGEN_OPCODE_SYNTAX (opc));
+
+  /* Mnemonics come first in the syntax string.  */
+  if (! CGEN_SYNTAX_MNEMONIC_P (* syn))
+    return _("missing mnemonic in syntax string");
+  ++syn;
+
+  /* Generate a case sensitive regular expression that emulates case
+     insensitive matching in the "C" locale.  We cannot generate a case
+     insensitive regular expression because in Turkish locales, 'i' and 'I'
+     are not equal modulo case conversion.  */
+
+  /* Copy the literal mnemonic out of the insn.  */
+  for (; *mnem; mnem++)
+    {
+      char c = *mnem;
+
+      if (ISALPHA (c))
+	{
+	  *rx++ = '[';
+	  *rx++ = TOLOWER (c);
+	  *rx++ = TOUPPER (c);
+	  *rx++ = ']';
+	}
+      else
+	*rx++ = c;
+    }
+
+  /* Copy any remaining literals from the syntax string into the rx.  */
+  for(; * syn != 0 && rx <= rxbuf + (CGEN_MAX_RX_ELEMENTS - 7 - 4); ++syn)
+    {
+      if (CGEN_SYNTAX_CHAR_P (* syn)) 
+	{
+	  char c = CGEN_SYNTAX_CHAR (* syn);
+
+	  switch (c) 
+	    {
+	      /* Escape any regex metacharacters in the syntax.  */
+	    case '.': case '[': case '\\': 
+	    case '*': case '^': case '$': 
+
+#ifdef CGEN_ESCAPE_EXTENDED_REGEX
+	    case '?': case '{': case '}': 
+	    case '(': case ')': case '*':
+	    case '|': case '+': case ']':
+#endif
+	      *rx++ = '\\';
+	      *rx++ = c;
+	      break;
+
+	    default:
+	      if (ISALPHA (c))
+		{
+		  *rx++ = '[';
+		  *rx++ = TOLOWER (c);
+		  *rx++ = TOUPPER (c);
+		  *rx++ = ']';
+		}
+	      else
+		*rx++ = c;
+	      break;
+	    }
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* Replace non-syntax fields with globs.  */
+	  *rx++ = '.';
+	  *rx++ = '*';
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Trailing whitespace ok.  */
+  * rx++ = '['; 
+  * rx++ = ' '; 
+  * rx++ = '\t'; 
+  * rx++ = ']'; 
+  * rx++ = '*'; 
+
+  /* But anchor it after that.  */
+  * rx++ = '$'; 
+  * rx = '\0';
+
+  CGEN_INSN_RX (insn) = xmalloc (sizeof (regex_t));
+  reg_err = regcomp ((regex_t *) CGEN_INSN_RX (insn), rxbuf, REG_NOSUB);
+
+  if (reg_err == 0) 
+    return NULL;
+  else
+    {
+      static char msg[80];
+
+      regerror (reg_err, (regex_t *) CGEN_INSN_RX (insn), msg, 80);
+      regfree ((regex_t *) CGEN_INSN_RX (insn));
+      free (CGEN_INSN_RX (insn));
+      (CGEN_INSN_RX (insn)) = NULL;
+      return msg;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* Default insn parser.
+
+   The syntax string is scanned and operands are parsed and stored in FIELDS.
+   Relocs are queued as we go via other callbacks.
+
+   ??? Note that this is currently an all-or-nothing parser.  If we fail to
+   parse the instruction, we return 0 and the caller will start over from
+   the beginning.  Backtracking will be necessary in parsing subexpressions,
+   but that can be handled there.  Not handling backtracking here may get
+   expensive in the case of the m68k.  Deal with later.
+
+   Returns NULL for success, an error message for failure.  */
+
+static const char *
+parse_insn_normal (cd, insn, strp, fields)
+     CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+     const CGEN_INSN *insn;
+     const char **strp;
+     CGEN_FIELDS *fields;
+{
+  /* ??? Runtime added insns not handled yet.  */
+  const CGEN_SYNTAX *syntax = CGEN_INSN_SYNTAX (insn);
+  const char *str = *strp;
+  const char *errmsg;
+  const char *p;
+  const CGEN_SYNTAX_CHAR_TYPE * syn;
+#ifdef CGEN_MNEMONIC_OPERANDS
+  /* FIXME: wip */
+  int past_opcode_p;
+#endif
+
+  /* For now we assume the mnemonic is first (there are no leading operands).
+     We can parse it without needing to set up operand parsing.
+     GAS's input scrubber will ensure mnemonics are lowercase, but we may
+     not be called from GAS.  */
+  p = CGEN_INSN_MNEMONIC (insn);
+  while (*p && TOLOWER (*p) == TOLOWER (*str))
+    ++p, ++str;
+
+  if (* p)
+    return _("unrecognized instruction");
+
+#ifndef CGEN_MNEMONIC_OPERANDS
+  if (* str && ! ISSPACE (* str))
+    return _("unrecognized instruction");
+#endif
+
+  CGEN_INIT_PARSE (cd);
+  cgen_init_parse_operand (cd);
+#ifdef CGEN_MNEMONIC_OPERANDS
+  past_opcode_p = 0;
+#endif
+
+  /* We don't check for (*str != '\0') here because we want to parse
+     any trailing fake arguments in the syntax string.  */
+  syn = CGEN_SYNTAX_STRING (syntax);
+
+  /* Mnemonics come first for now, ensure valid string.  */
+  if (! CGEN_SYNTAX_MNEMONIC_P (* syn))
+    abort ();
+
+  ++syn;
+
+  while (* syn != 0)
+    {
+      /* Non operand chars must match exactly.  */
+      if (CGEN_SYNTAX_CHAR_P (* syn))
+	{
+	  /* FIXME: While we allow for non-GAS callers above, we assume the
+	     first char after the mnemonic part is a space.  */
+	  /* FIXME: We also take inappropriate advantage of the fact that
+	     GAS's input scrubber will remove extraneous blanks.  */
+	  if (TOLOWER (*str) == TOLOWER (CGEN_SYNTAX_CHAR (* syn)))
+	    {
+#ifdef CGEN_MNEMONIC_OPERANDS
+	      if (CGEN_SYNTAX_CHAR(* syn) == ' ')
+		past_opcode_p = 1;
+#endif
+	      ++ syn;
+	      ++ str;
+	    }
+	  else if (*str)
+	    {
+	      /* Syntax char didn't match.  Can't be this insn.  */
+	      static char msg [80];
+
+	      /* xgettext:c-format */
+	      sprintf (msg, _("syntax error (expected char `%c', found `%c')"),
+		       CGEN_SYNTAX_CHAR(*syn), *str);
+	      return msg;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* Ran out of input.  */
+	      static char msg [80];
+
+	      /* xgettext:c-format */
+	      sprintf (msg, _("syntax error (expected char `%c', found end of instruction)"),
+		       CGEN_SYNTAX_CHAR(*syn));
+	      return msg;
+	    }
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      /* We have an operand of some sort.  */
+      errmsg = cd->parse_operand (cd, CGEN_SYNTAX_FIELD (*syn),
+					  &str, fields);
+      if (errmsg)
+	return errmsg;
+
+      /* Done with this operand, continue with next one.  */
+      ++ syn;
+    }
+
+  /* If we're at the end of the syntax string, we're done.  */
+  if (* syn == 0)
+    {
+      /* FIXME: For the moment we assume a valid `str' can only contain
+	 blanks now.  IE: We needn't try again with a longer version of
+	 the insn and it is assumed that longer versions of insns appear
+	 before shorter ones (eg: lsr r2,r3,1 vs lsr r2,r3).  */
+      while (ISSPACE (* str))
+	++ str;
+
+      if (* str != '\0')
+	return _("junk at end of line"); /* FIXME: would like to include `str' */
+
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+  /* We couldn't parse it.  */
+  return _("unrecognized instruction");
+}
+
+/* Main entry point.
+   This routine is called for each instruction to be assembled.
+   STR points to the insn to be assembled.
+   We assume all necessary tables have been initialized.
+   The assembled instruction, less any fixups, is stored in BUF.
+   Remember that if CGEN_INT_INSN_P then BUF is an int and thus the value
+   still needs to be converted to target byte order, otherwise BUF is an array
+   of bytes in target byte order.
+   The result is a pointer to the insn's entry in the opcode table,
+   or NULL if an error occured (an error message will have already been
+   printed).
+
+   Note that when processing (non-alias) macro-insns,
+   this function recurses.
+
+   ??? It's possible to make this cpu-independent.
+   One would have to deal with a few minor things.
+   At this point in time doing so would be more of a curiosity than useful
+   [for example this file isn't _that_ big], but keeping the possibility in
+   mind helps keep the design clean.  */
+
+const CGEN_INSN *
+ip2k_cgen_assemble_insn (cd, str, fields, buf, errmsg)
+     CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+     const char *str;
+     CGEN_FIELDS *fields;
+     CGEN_INSN_BYTES_PTR buf;
+     char **errmsg;
+{
+  const char *start;
+  CGEN_INSN_LIST *ilist;
+  const char *parse_errmsg = NULL;
+  const char *insert_errmsg = NULL;
+  int recognized_mnemonic = 0;
+
+  /* Skip leading white space.  */
+  while (ISSPACE (* str))
+    ++ str;
+
+  /* The instructions are stored in hashed lists.
+     Get the first in the list.  */
+  ilist = CGEN_ASM_LOOKUP_INSN (cd, str);
+
+  /* Keep looking until we find a match.  */
+  start = str;
+  for ( ; ilist != NULL ; ilist = CGEN_ASM_NEXT_INSN (ilist))
+    {
+      const CGEN_INSN *insn = ilist->insn;
+      recognized_mnemonic = 1;
+
+#ifdef CGEN_VALIDATE_INSN_SUPPORTED 
+      /* Not usually needed as unsupported opcodes
+	 shouldn't be in the hash lists.  */
+      /* Is this insn supported by the selected cpu?  */
+      if (! ip2k_cgen_insn_supported (cd, insn))
+	continue;
+#endif
+      /* If the RELAX attribute is set, this is an insn that shouldn't be
+	 chosen immediately.  Instead, it is used during assembler/linker
+	 relaxation if possible.  */
+      if (CGEN_INSN_ATTR_VALUE (insn, CGEN_INSN_RELAX) != 0)
+	continue;
+
+      str = start;
+
+      /* Skip this insn if str doesn't look right lexically.  */
+      if (CGEN_INSN_RX (insn) != NULL &&
+	  regexec ((regex_t *) CGEN_INSN_RX (insn), str, 0, NULL, 0) == REG_NOMATCH)
+	continue;
+
+      /* Allow parse/insert handlers to obtain length of insn.  */
+      CGEN_FIELDS_BITSIZE (fields) = CGEN_INSN_BITSIZE (insn);
+
+      parse_errmsg = CGEN_PARSE_FN (cd, insn) (cd, insn, & str, fields);
+      if (parse_errmsg != NULL)
+	continue;
+
+      /* ??? 0 is passed for `pc'.  */
+      insert_errmsg = CGEN_INSERT_FN (cd, insn) (cd, insn, fields, buf,
+						 (bfd_vma) 0);
+      if (insert_errmsg != NULL)
+        continue;
+
+      /* It is up to the caller to actually output the insn and any
+         queued relocs.  */
+      return insn;
+    }
+
+  {
+    static char errbuf[150];
+#ifdef CGEN_VERBOSE_ASSEMBLER_ERRORS
+    const char *tmp_errmsg;
+
+    /* If requesting verbose error messages, use insert_errmsg.
+       Failing that, use parse_errmsg.  */
+    tmp_errmsg = (insert_errmsg ? insert_errmsg :
+		  parse_errmsg ? parse_errmsg :
+		  recognized_mnemonic ?
+		  _("unrecognized form of instruction") :
+		  _("unrecognized instruction"));
+
+    if (strlen (start) > 50)
+      /* xgettext:c-format */
+      sprintf (errbuf, "%s `%.50s...'", tmp_errmsg, start);
+    else 
+      /* xgettext:c-format */
+      sprintf (errbuf, "%s `%.50s'", tmp_errmsg, start);
+#else
+    if (strlen (start) > 50)
+      /* xgettext:c-format */
+      sprintf (errbuf, _("bad instruction `%.50s...'"), start);
+    else 
+      /* xgettext:c-format */
+      sprintf (errbuf, _("bad instruction `%.50s'"), start);
+#endif
+      
+    *errmsg = errbuf;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+#if 0 /* This calls back to GAS which we can't do without care.  */
+
+/* Record each member of OPVALS in the assembler's symbol table.
+   This lets GAS parse registers for us.
+   ??? Interesting idea but not currently used.  */
+
+/* Record each member of OPVALS in the assembler's symbol table.
+   FIXME: Not currently used.  */
+
+void
+ip2k_cgen_asm_hash_keywords (cd, opvals)
+     CGEN_CPU_DESC cd;
+     CGEN_KEYWORD *opvals;
+{
+  CGEN_KEYWORD_SEARCH search = cgen_keyword_search_init (opvals, NULL);
+  const CGEN_KEYWORD_ENTRY * ke;
+
+  while ((ke = cgen_keyword_search_next (& search)) != NULL)
+    {
+#if 0 /* Unnecessary, should be done in the search routine.  */
+      if (! ip2k_cgen_opval_supported (ke))
+	continue;
+#endif
+      cgen_asm_record_register (cd, ke->name, ke->value);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif /* 0 */