diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/bash.ps')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 5866 |
1 files changed, 2938 insertions, 2928 deletions
diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index 5503f258..c2776ea8 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Wed Jun 17 11:41:56 2015 +%%CreationDate: Tue Aug 18 16:26:51 2015 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ F .475(xtended deb)-.15 F(ug-)-.2 E (~/.bashr)3.598 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.598(if the)4.408 F(shell is interacti) 144 710.4 Q .3 -.15(ve \()-.25 H(see).15 E F4(INV)2.5 E(OCA)-.405 E (TION)-.855 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(1)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(1)197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 2 2 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -462,8 +462,8 @@ F2(~/.bashr)108 691.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ft)-2.535 G .035 Q F1(bash)5.306 E F0 2.806(is started non-interacti)5.306 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.306(,t)-.65 G 5.306(or)-5.306 G 2.806 (un a shell script, for e)-5.306 F 2.805(xample, it looks for the v)-.15 -F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(2)202.335 -E 0 Cg EP +F(ariable)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(2) +197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 3 3 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -573,8 +573,8 @@ E F2(blank)108 468 Q F0 2.5(As)144 468 S(pace or tab)-2.5 E(.)-.4 E F2 F2(identi\214er)2.5 E F0(.)A F2(metacharacter)108 516 Q F0 2.5(Ac)144 528 S(haracter that, when unquoted, separates w)-2.5 E 2.5(ords. One)-.1 F(of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F2 5(|&;\(\)<>s)144 540 S 2.5 -(pace tab)-5 F(contr)108 552 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 564 Q F4(tok) -2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E +(pace tab newline)-5 F(contr)108 552 Q(ol operator)-.18 E F0(A)144 564 Q +F4(tok)2.5 E(en)-.1 E F0(that performs a control function.)2.5 E (It is one of the follo)5 E(wing symbols:)-.25 E F2 2.5 (|| & && ; ;; \( \) | |&)144 576 R(<newline>)10 E F6(RESER)72 592.8 Q (VED W)-.602 E(ORDS)-.11 E F4 .307(Reserved wor)108 604.8 R(ds)-.37 E F0 @@ -598,7 +598,8 @@ F .389(wed by)-.25 F F2(blank)2.889 E F0 .389(-separated w)B .389 -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E(and is passed as ar)108 722.4 Q (gument zero.)-.18 E(The remaining w)5 E(ords are passed as ar)-.1 E (guments to the in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dc).1 G(ommand.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(3)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(3)197.055 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 4 4 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -712,7 +713,7 @@ Q F1 1.054(compound command)3.554 F F0 1.054(is one of the follo)3.554 F -3.553 F 1.026(separated from the rest of the command by one or more ne) 108 710.4 R 1.026(wlines, and may be follo)-.25 F 1.027(wed by a ne)-.25 F 1.027(wline in)-.25 F(place of a semicolon.)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(4)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(4)197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 5 5 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -845,7 +846,7 @@ E F0(th parenthesized sube)A(xpression.)-.15 E .786 (ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 716.4 S(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E(ession1)-.37 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr) .2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0(is true.)2.52 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(5)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(5)197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 6 6 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1001,8 +1002,8 @@ F .204(The e)5.204 F .204(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(while)2.704 E F0 (and)2.704 E F1(until)2.704 E F0 .205(commands is the e)2.704 F .205 (xit status of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 700.8 S(cuted in).15 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if none w)-2.5 E(as e) --.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11) -148.175 E(6)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) +142.895 E(6)197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 7 7 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1139,7 +1140,7 @@ F0 1.336(option is on by def)3.836 F 1.336(ault in)-.1 F(interacti)108 -.25 F F2(history e)108 720 Q(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)2.5 E 2.5(,u) -.4 G(sually)-2.5 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 2.5(,m)C(ust be quoted to pre)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt history e).15 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(7)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(7)197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 8 8 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1246,7 +1247,7 @@ F(may be unset only by using the)108 703.2 Q F2(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu) 2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS) -.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(A)108 720 Q F1(variable)2.79 E F0 (may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(8)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(8)197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 9 9 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1396,7 +1397,7 @@ ameter consisting of more than a single digit is e)108 612 R 1.404 (special v)3.14 F 3.39(ariable. That)-.25 F .891(is, ")3.391 F F3($*)A F0 3.391("i)C 3.391(se)-3.391 G(qui)-3.391 E -.25(va)-.25 G .891 (lent to ").25 F F3($1)A F1(c)A F3($2)A F1(c)A F3(...)A F0(",)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(9)202.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(9)197.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 10 10 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1523,8 +1524,8 @@ e top of the stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 681.6 R 4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F 2.197(xtended deb) -.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F(description of the)144 717.6 Q F3(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F3(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11) -148.175 E(10)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(10)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 11 11 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -1558,662 +1559,667 @@ E F1(${FUNCN)17.172 E(AME[)-.2 E F3($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)17.172 G -.3 E F3($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .115 (if referenced within another shell function\).)2.615 F(Use)5.115 E F2 (LINENO)2.615 E F0 .115(to obtain the)2.365 F(current line number)144 -252 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 264 S(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .006 -(An array v)144 276 R .006(ariable whose members are assigned by the) --.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .005(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.505 -E F0 .005(conditional com-)2.505 F 2.506(mand. 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-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(11)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +726 R .535(alue of this v)-.25 F .535(ariable is equal to)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(11)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 12 12 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(COMP_TYPE)108 84 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 96 R .042(ger v)-.15 F -.041(alue corresponding to the type of completion attempted that caused\ - a completion)-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 108 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337 -(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337 -(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 120 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592(or listing alternati) --4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w) --4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092 -(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 F 1.591(ord is not) --.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 132 R F2(%)4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552 -(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a) --.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15 -(ex)144 144 S 2.929(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -5.429(db).1 G 5.429(yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f) --5.429 F 2.929(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E -(Completion)144 156 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 168 Q -(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 180 R F1 --.18(re)3.836 G(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336 -(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If) -144 192 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G -(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 204 Q F1(COMP_W)108 216 Q(ORDS)-.1 E -F0 .653(An array v)144 228 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153 E -F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w) --.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 240 R +SF(${#COMP_LINE})144 84 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005 +(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15 +F(in)144 96 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G +(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 +108 Q F0 .041(Set to an inte)144 120 R .041(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\ +esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion) +-.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5 +(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2 +(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi) +-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 144 Q F0 4.091(,f)C +1.591(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092 +(np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@) +4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w) +-4.092 F 1.592(ord is not)-.1 F 1.553(unmodi\214ed, or)144 156 R F2(%) +4.053 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v) +6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552 +(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 168 S 2.928 +(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429 +(yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929 +(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.429 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144 +180 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 192 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0 +1.336(The set of characters that the)144 204 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.335 +(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.125(completion. If) +144 216 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.125 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.875 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.126(ni).15 G 3.126(fi)-3.126 G 3.126(ti)-3.126 G 3.126(ss)-3.126 G +(ubse-)-3.126 E(quently reset.)144 228 Q F1(COMP_W)108 240 Q(ORDS)-.1 E +F0 .654(An array v)144 252 R .654(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.154 E +F0(belo)3.154 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .653(vidual w) +-.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 264 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3 -(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144 -252 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831 -(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832 -(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332 -(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f) -144 264 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 276 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v) -144 288 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E +(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.083 E .832(described abo)144 +276 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832 +(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831 +(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331 +(db).1 G 3.331(yt)-3.331 G .831(he programmable)-3.331 F(completion f) +144 288 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E +F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 300 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .168(An array v) +144 312 R .168(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.668 E F0(belo)2.669 E .169 (w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input) --.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 300 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) --.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 312 Q -.55(AC) --.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 324 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +-.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 324 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses) +-.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 336 Q -.55(AC) +-.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 348 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 (Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26 (w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F -1.095(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 336 R 3.594 -(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.594 G 3.594(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.594 E 1.431 -(members of this array v)144 348 R 1.432 +1.094(Directories appear in the stack in the order the)144 360 R 3.594 +(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432 +(members of this array v)144 372 R 1.432 (ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25 -F 1.432(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 360 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E +F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 384 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546 -.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746 -F(ariable)-.25 E .35(will not change the current directory)144 372 R +F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 396 R 5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.851 -(ni).15 G(f)-2.851 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 384 Q F1(EUID)108 396 -Q F0 1.104(Expands to the ef)144 396 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85 +(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 408 Q F1(EUID)108 420 +Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)144 420 R(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103 -(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.103(This v)6.103 F 1.103 -(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 408 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 420 Q(AME) --.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 432 R .479 +(nitialized at shell startup.)-3.603 F 1.104(This v)6.103 F 1.104 +(ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 432 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 444 Q(AME) +-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 456 R .479 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e) --.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277 -(The element with inde)144 444 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276 -(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384 -(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 456 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 -10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385 -(ariable e)-.25 F .385(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .035 -(tion is e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.535(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) -2.535 E F3(FUNCN)2.535 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.285 E .335 -.15(ve n)-.2 H -2.535(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.535 G .035(ect and return an error status.).25 -F(If)5.034 E F3(FUNC-)2.534 E -.18(NA)144 480 S(ME).18 E F0 -(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E .11(This v)144 498 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3 -(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 -E F0 5.111(.E)C .111(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 -510 S(ME).2 E F0 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA) -3.904 G(SH_LINENO).3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E -F0 1.404(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 522 R -.15(Fo) -5.012 G 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E -F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012 -(alled from the \214le)-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2 -($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.184(at line number)144 534 R F1(${B)3.684 E -(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1(]})A F0 6.184(.T)C(he)-6.184 E F1(caller) -3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G 1.183 -(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F(this information.)144 -546 Q F1(GR)108 558 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228(An array v)144 570 R 1.228(ar\ -iable containing the list of groups of which the current user is a memb\ -er)-.25 F 6.229(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.229 E .597(ments to)144 582 R F3(GR) -3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.847 E .897 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.097(oe).15 G --.25(ff)-3.097 G .597(ect and return an error status.).25 F(If)5.597 E -F3(GR)3.097 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .597(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F -(cial properties, e)144 594 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G -2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(HISTCMD)108 606 -Q F0 .355(The history number)144 618 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G -(nde)-2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 +-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276 +(The element with inde)144 468 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276 +(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G .277(cuting shell function.).15 F .277(The bottom-most)5.277 F .385 +(element \(the one with the highest inde)144 480 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4 +10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .384 +(ariable e)-.25 F .384(xists only when a shell func-)-.15 F .075 +(tion is e)144 492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuting. Assignments).15 F(to) +2.575 E F3(FUNCN)2.575 E(AME)-.18 E F0(ha)2.325 E .376 -.15(ve n)-.2 H +2.576(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.576 G 2.576(ect. If).25 F F3(FUNCN)2.576 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 .076(is unset, it loses its)2.326 F +(special properties, e)144 504 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 +G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E .111(This v)144 +522 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO) +.3 E F0(and)2.611 E F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 5.111(.E)C .111 +(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.61 E -.2(NA)144 534 S(ME).2 E F0 +1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO) +.3 E F0(and)3.904 E F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 1.404 +(to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 546 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G +2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A +F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)2.512 G 2.512(sc).1 G .012(alled from the \214le) +-2.512 F F1(${B)2.512 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F2($i+1)A F1(]})A F0 1.183 +(at line number)144 558 R F1(${B)3.683 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F2($i)A F1 +(]})A F0 6.183(.T)C(he)-6.183 E F1(caller)3.683 E F0 -.2(bu)3.683 G +1.184(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F +(this information.)144 570 Q F1(GR)108 582 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.229 +(An array v)144 594 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\ +ich the current user is a member)-.25 F 6.228(.A)-.55 G(ssign-)-6.228 E +.571(ments to)144 606 R F3(GR)3.071 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0(ha)2.822 E .872 +-.15(ve n)-.2 H 3.072(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-3.072 G 3.072(ect. If).25 F F3 +(GR)3.072 E(OUPS)-.27 E F0 .572 +(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.822 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E +(subsequently reset.)144 618 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 630 Q F0 .356 +(The history number)144 642 R 2.856(,o)-.4 G 2.856(ri)-2.856 G(nde) +-2.856 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356 (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3 -(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F -(loses its special properties, e)144 630 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G +(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F +(loses its special properties, e)144 654 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1 -(HOSTN)108 642 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 -(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 654 Q F1 -(HOSTTYPE)108 666 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ - describes the type of machine on which)144 678 R F1(bash)2.722 E F0 -.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 690 R(def) -2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(LINENO)108 702 Q F0 1.408(Each\ - time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\ -ber representing the)144 714 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\ -arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 726 R .078 -(When not in a script or)5.078 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11) -148.175 E(12)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(HOSTN)108 666 Q(AME)-.2 E F0 +(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 678 Q F1 +(HOSTTYPE)108 690 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\ + describes the type of machine on which)144 702 R F1(bash)2.723 E F0 +.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 714 R(def) +2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(12)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 13 13 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .306 -(function, the v)144 84 R .306 -(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E -/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its) -2.557 F(special properties, e)144 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5 -(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(MA)108 108 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set t\ -o a string that fully describes the system type on which)144 120 R F2 -(bash)3.398 E F0 .898(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F -(the standard GNU)144 132 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system) -2.5 E F0 2.5(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E -F2(MAPFILE)108 144 Q F0 .293(An array v)144 156 R .293(ariable \(see) --.25 F F2(Arrays)2.793 E F0(belo)2.793 E .293 -(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F .294(xt read by the)-.15 F F2 -(map\214le)2.794 E F0 -.2(bu)2.794 G .294(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 -168 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F2(OLDPWD)108 180 Q F0(The pre)144 -192 Q(vious w)-.25 E(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0 -(command.)2.5 E F2(OPT)108 204 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.627(The v)144 216 R -1.627(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the) --.18 F F2(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.626(iltin command \(see).2 -F F1(SHELL)4.126 E -.09(BU)144 228 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0 -(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTIND)108 240 Q F0 1.651(The inde)144 252 R -4.151(xo)-.15 G 4.151(ft)-4.151 G 1.651(he ne)-4.151 F 1.651(xt ar)-.15 -F 1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F2(getopts)4.152 E F0 -.2 -(bu)4.152 G 1.652(iltin command \(see).2 F F1(SHELL)4.152 E -.09(BU)144 -264 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(OSTYPE)108 276 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes \ -the operating system on which)144 288 R F2(bash)2.829 E F0 .329(is e) -2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 300 Q -(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F2(PIPEST)108 312 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US) -.95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 324 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays) -3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61 -(xit status v)-.15 F .61(alues from the processes in)-.25 F -(the most-recently-e)144 336 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E -(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F2 -(PPID)108 348 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 348 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(LINENO)108 84 Q F0 1.408(Each time this parameter is referenced, the\ + shell substitutes a decimal number representing the)144 96 R .078(curr\ +ent sequential line number \(starting with 1\) within a script or funct\ +ion.)144 108 R .079(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307 +(function, the v)144 120 R .307 +(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E +/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINENO)2.806 E F0 .306(is unset, it loses its) +2.556 F(special properties, e)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5 +(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA) +108 144 Q(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that full\ +y describes the system type on which)144 156 R F1(bash)3.398 E F0 .899 +(is e)3.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 +168 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(cpu-company-system)2.5 E F0 2.5 +(format. The)2.5 F(def)2.5 E(ault is system-dependent.)-.1 E F1(MAPFILE) +108 180 Q F0 .294(An array v)144 192 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1 +(Arrays)2.794 E F0(belo)2.794 E .294(w\) created to hold the te)-.25 F +.293(xt read by the)-.15 F F1(map\214le)2.793 E F0 -.2(bu)2.793 G .293 +(iltin when no).2 F -.25(va)144 204 S(riable name is supplied.).25 E F1 +(OLDPWD)108 216 Q F0(The pre)144 228 Q(vious w)-.25 E +(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +(OPT)108 240 Q(ARG)-.9 E F0 1.626(The v)144 252 R 1.627 +(alue of the last option ar)-.25 F 1.627(gument processed by the)-.18 F +F1(getopts)4.127 E F0 -.2(bu)4.127 G 1.627(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 +(SHELL)4.127 E -.09(BU)144 264 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTIND)108 276 Q F0 1.652(The inde)144 288 R 4.152 +(xo)-.15 G 4.152(ft)-4.152 G 1.652(he ne)-4.152 F 1.652(xt ar)-.15 F +1.652(gument to be processed by the)-.18 F F1(getopts)4.151 E F0 -.2(bu) +4.151 G 1.651(iltin command \(see).2 F F2(SHELL)4.151 E -.09(BU)144 300 +S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OSTYPE)108 +312 Q F0 .329(Automatically set to a string that describes the operatin\ +g system on which)144 324 R F1(bash)2.83 E F0 .33(is e)2.83 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 336 Q(ault is system-dependent.) +-.1 E F1(PIPEST)108 348 Q -.95(AT)-.9 G(US).95 E F0 .61(An array v)144 +360 R .61(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.11 E F0(belo)3.11 E .61 +(w\) containing a list of e)-.25 F .61(xit status v)-.15 F .61 +(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 372 Q -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(cuted fore).15 E +(ground pipeline \(which may contain only a single command\).)-.15 E F1 +(PPID)108 384 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 384 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G 2.5(arent. This)-2.5 F -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is readonly).25 E(.)-.65 E -F2(PWD)108 360 Q F0(The current w)144 360 Q -(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F2(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F2 -(RANDOM)108 372 Q F0 .566 -(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 384 R .565 -(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.565 E .01 -(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 396 -R .01(alue to)-.25 F F1(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) -4.51 E F1(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E -(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 408 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +F1(PWD)108 396 Q F0(The current w)144 396 Q +(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1 +(RANDOM)108 408 Q F0 .565 +(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 420 R .566 +(ger between 0 and 32767 is generated.)-.15 F(The)5.566 E .01 +(sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning a v)144 432 +R .01(alue to)-.25 F F2(RANDOM)2.51 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If) +4.51 E F2(RANDOM)2.51 E F0(is)2.26 E +(unset, it loses its special properties, e)144 444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 (ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.) --2.5 E F2(READLINE_LINE)108 420 Q F0 1.547(The contents of the)144 432 R -F2 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-2.5 E F1(READLINE_LINE)108 456 Q F0 1.546(The contents of the)144 468 R +F1 -.18(re)4.047 G(adline).18 E F0 1.547(line b)4.047 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) -.25 E 4.047(,f)-.4 G 1.547(or use with)-4.047 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF -1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F1 1.546(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.546(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 444 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -(READLINE_POINT)108 456 Q F0 .313 -(The position of the insertion point in the)144 468 R F2 -.18(re)2.813 G +1.547(bind -x)4.047 F F0(\(see)4.047 E F2 1.547(SHELL B)4.047 F(UIL)-.09 +E 1.547(TIN COM-)-.828 F(MANDS)144 480 Q F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 +(READLINE_POINT)108 492 Q F0 .314 +(The position of the insertion point in the)144 504 R F1 -.18(re)2.813 G (adline).18 E F0 .313(line b)2.813 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 2.813(,f)-.4 G -.313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .314(bind -x)2.814 F F0(\(see)2.814 E F1 -(SHELL)2.814 E -.09(BU)144 480 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) -2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(REPL)108 492 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 -(Set to the line of input read by the)144 504 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 +.313(or use with)-2.813 F F5 .313(bind -x)2.813 F F0(\(see)2.813 E F2 +(SHELL)2.813 E -.09(BU)144 516 S(IL).09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo) +2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(REPL)108 528 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 +(Set to the line of input read by the)144 540 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command when no ar).2 E(guments are supplied.) --.18 E F2(SECONDS)108 516 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ -ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 528 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 -(cation is returned.).2 F .712(If a v)144 540 R .712 -(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F1(SECONDS)3.212 E F4(,)A F0 .712(the v) +-.18 E F1(SECONDS)108 552 Q F0 .795(Each time this parameter is referen\ +ced, the number of seconds since shell in)144 564 R -.2(vo)-.4 G .795 +(cation is returned.).2 F .713(If a v)144 576 R .712 +(alue is assigned to)-.25 F F2(SECONDS)3.212 E F4(,)A F0 .712(the v) 2.962 F .712(alue returned upon subsequent references is the number)-.25 -F .408(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 552 R .408 -(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F1(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .407 -(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 564 Q -.15(ve) +F .407(of seconds since the assignment plus the v)144 588 R .408 +(alue assigned.)-.25 F(If)5.408 E F2(SECONDS)2.908 E F0 .408 +(is unset, it loses its special)2.658 F(properties, e)144 600 Q -.15(ve) -.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G -(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F2(SHELLOPTS)108 576 Q F0 3.262(Ac)144 588 S -.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.262 F .763(Each w) +(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(SHELLOPTS)108 612 Q F0 3.263(Ac)144 624 S +.763(olon-separated list of enabled shell options.)-3.263 F .763(Each w) 5.763 F .763(ord in the list is a v)-.1 F .763(alid ar)-.25 F .763 -(gument for the)-.18 F F2<ad6f>144 600 Q F0 1.174(option to the)3.674 F -F2(set)3.674 E F0 -.2(bu)3.674 G 1.174(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 1.173 -(SHELL B)3.673 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.173(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.423 E -3.673(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.673 E .019(appearing in)144 612 R F1 -(SHELLOPTS)2.519 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.269 F F3(on)2.749 E -F0(by)2.759 E F2 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G -.019(his v)-2.519 F .02(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E -(when)144 624 Q F2(bash)3.142 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ - the list will be enabled before reading an)3.142 F 3.141(ys)-.15 G .641 -(tartup \214les.)-3.141 F(This v)144 636 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E -(.)-.65 E F2(SHL)108 648 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 -(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 660 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0 -(is started.)2.5 E F2(UID)108 672 Q F0 -(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 672 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G +(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 636 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F +F1(set)3.673 E F0 -.2(bu)3.673 G 1.173(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 1.174 +(SHELL B)3.674 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.174(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.424 E +3.674(w\). The)-.25 F(options)3.674 E .02(appearing in)144 648 R F2 +(SHELLOPTS)2.52 E F0 .019(are those reported as)2.27 F F3(on)2.749 E F0 +(by)2.759 E F1 .019(set \255o)2.519 F F0 5.019(.I)C 2.519(ft)-5.019 G +.019(his v)-2.519 F .019(ariable is in the en)-.25 F(vironment)-.4 E +(when)144 660 Q F1(bash)3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in\ + the list will be enabled before reading an)3.141 F 3.142(ys)-.15 G .642 +(tartup \214les.)-3.142 F(This v)144 672 Q(ariable is read-only)-.25 E +(.)-.65 E F1(SHL)108 684 Q(VL)-.92 E F0 +(Incremented by one each time an instance of)144 696 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(is started.)2.5 E F1(UID)108 708 Q F0 +(Expands to the user ID of the current user)144 708 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G (nitialized at shell startup.)-2.5 E(This v)5 E(ariable is readonly)-.25 -E(.)-.65 E .993(The follo)108 688.8 R .993(wing v)-.25 F .994 -(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F2 -(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .994 -(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(these cases are noted belo)108 700.8 -Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(13)197.335 -E 0 Cg EP +E(.)-.65 E .994(The follo)108 724.8 R .994(wing v)-.25 F .994 +(ariables are used by the shell.)-.25 F .994(In some cases,)5.994 F F1 +(bash)3.494 E F0 .994(assigns a def)3.494 F .994(ault v)-.1 F .993 +(alue to a v)-.25 F(ariable;)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(13)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 14 14 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.193(The v)144 96 R -1.193(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.693(sc)-.55 G 1.192 -(ompatibility le)-3.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.692(l. See).15 F 1.192 -(the description of the)3.692 F F1(shopt)3.692 E F0 -.2(bu)3.692 G -(iltin).2 E(belo)144 108 Q 2.871(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.871 E F1 .371 -(SHELL B)2.871 F(UIL)-.1 E .371(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 -(for a description of the v)2.872 F .372(arious compatibility le)-.25 F -(v-)-.25 E .361(els and their ef)144 120 R 2.861(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 -(va)2.861 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte) -.25 F .36(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.75 -(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.251 -(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.751 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(these cases are noted belo)108 84 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF -.3(BA)108 100.8 S(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.192(The v)144 +112.8 R 1.192(alue is used to set the shell')-.25 F 3.692(sc)-.55 G +1.193(ompatibility le)-3.692 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.693(l. See).15 F 1.193 +(the description of the)3.693 F F1(shopt)3.693 E F0 -.2(bu)3.693 G +(iltin).2 E(belo)144 124.8 Q 2.872(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.872 E F1 .372 +(SHELL B)2.872 F(UIL)-.1 E .372(TIN COMMANDS)-.92 F F0 .372 +(for a description of the v)2.872 F .371(arious compatibility le)-.25 F +(v-)-.25 E .36(els and their ef)144 136.8 R 2.86(fects. The)-.25 F -.25 +(va)2.86 G .361(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 +F .361(ger \(e.g., 42\) corre-)-.15 F 1.751 +(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G +4.251(l. If).15 F F1 -.3(BA)4.251 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0 1.75 (is unset or set to the empty)5.201 F .578(string, the compatibility le) -144 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 +144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.078(li).15 G 3.078(ss)-3.078 G .578 (et to the def)-3.078 F .578(ault for the current v)-.1 F 3.078 (ersion. If)-.15 F F1 -.3(BA)3.078 G(SH_COMP).3 E -.95(AT)-.74 G F0(is) -4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 156 R .248(alue that is not one of the v) --.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .249 -(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.12 -(sets the compatibility le)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.62(lt).15 G 3.619 -(ot)-3.62 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 F -3.619(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.619 G 1.119(lid compatibility le).25 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .575 -(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 180 R F1 -(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.076 G .576(iltin described belo).2 F 3.076 -(w\()-.25 G .576(for e)-3.076 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 192 Q F1(compat42) -2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 +4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 172.8 R .249(alue that is not one of the v) +-.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248 +(ls, the shell prints an error message and).15 F 1.119 +(sets the compatibility le)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.619(lt).15 G +3.619(ot)-3.619 G 1.119(he def)-3.619 F 1.119(ault for the current v)-.1 +F 3.62(ersion. The)-.15 F -.25(va)3.62 G 1.12(lid compatibility le).25 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G(ls).15 E .576 +(correspond to the compatibility options accepted by the)144 196.8 R F1 +(shopt)3.075 E F0 -.2(bu)3.075 G .575(iltin described belo).2 F 3.075 +(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 208.8 Q F1 +(compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5 (alues\). The)-.25 F(current v)2.5 E(ersion is also a v)-.15 E(alid v) --.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 204 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .506 -(If this parameter is set when)144 216 R F1(bash)3.006 E F0 .506(is e) -3.006 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .505(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .505 -(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .354 -(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 228 R/F2 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.355(.T).31 G .355 -(he v)-5.355 F .355(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.855 G -(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .355(is subjected)2.605 F .525(to parameter e)144 240 R -.525(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 -(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 252 Q F3 --.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 +-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 220.8 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505 +(If this parameter is set when)144 232.8 R F1(bash)3.005 E F0 .505(is e) +3.005 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .506(cuting a shell script, its v).15 F .506 +(alue is interpreted as a \214lename)-.25 F .355 +(containing commands to initialize the shell, as in)144 244.8 R/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(~/.bashr)2.855 E(c)-.37 E F0 5.354(.T).31 G .354 +(he v)-5.354 F .354(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)2.854 G +(SH_ENV).27 E F0 .354(is subjected)2.604 F .525(to parameter e)144 256.8 +R .525(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525 +(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 268.8 Q +F3 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0 (is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA) -108 264 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .48(If set to an inte)144 276 R -.48(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 F -(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.981 E F0 .481(will write the trace output gener)2.981 -F(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 288 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) +108 280.8 S(SH_XTRA).3 E(CEFD)-.55 E F0 .481(If set to an inte)144 292.8 +R .481(ger corresponding to a v)-.15 F .481(alid \214le descriptor)-.25 +F(,)-.4 E F1(bash)2.98 E F0 .48(will write the trace output gener)2.98 F +(-)-.2 E 3.114(ated when)144 304.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 3.114(set -x) 5.614 F F0 3.114(is enabled to that \214le descriptor)5.614 F 8.114(.T) -.55 G 3.114(he \214le descriptor is closed when)-8.114 F F3 -.27(BA)144 -300 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(is unset or assigned a ne)2.388 -F 2.638(wv)-.25 G 2.638(alue. Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 G -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the e\ -mpty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error)144 -312 R 7.53(.N)-.55 G 2.53(ote that setting)-7.53 F F3 -.27(BA)144 324 S -(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error \214le des\ -criptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.99 F -(standard error being closed.)144 336 Q F1(CDP)108 348 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G -(H).95 E F0 1.248(The search path for the)144 360 R F1(cd)3.748 E F0 -3.748(command. This)3.748 F 1.247 -(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.748 F 3.795 -(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 372 R F1 -(cd)6.295 E F0 6.296(command. 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Unsetting)-2.888 F F3 -.27(BA)2.638 +G(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .138(or assigning it)2.388 F 2.531(the \ +empty string causes the trace output to be sent to the standard error) +144 328.8 R 7.531(.N)-.55 G 2.531(ote that setting)-7.531 F F3 -.27(BA) +144 340.8 S(SH_XTRA).27 E(CEFD)-.495 E F0 .74(to 2 \(the standard error\ + \214le descriptor\) and then unsetting it will result in the)2.991 F +(standard error being closed.)144 352.8 Q F1(CDP)108 364.8 Q -.95(AT) +-.74 G(H).95 E F0 1.247(The search path for the)144 376.8 R F1(cd)3.747 +E F0 3.747(command. This)3.747 F 1.248 +(is a colon-separated list of directories in which the)3.747 F 3.796 +(shell looks for destination directories speci\214ed by the)144 388.8 R +F1(cd)6.295 E F0 6.295(command. A)6.295 F 3.795(sample v)6.295 F 3.795 +(alue is)-.25 F F4(".:~:/usr")144 400.8 Q F0(.)A F1(CHILD_MAX)108 412.8 +Q F0 .997(Set the number of e)144 424.8 R .997(xited child status v)-.15 +F .997(alues for the shell to remember)-.25 F 5.997(.B)-.55 G .997 +(ash will not allo)-5.997 F 3.498(wt)-.25 G(his)-3.498 E -.25(va)144 +436.8 S 1.078(lue to be decreased belo).25 F 3.577(waP)-.25 G 1.077 +(OSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum v)-3.577 F 1.077 +(alue \(cur)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(rently 8192\) that this may not e)144 448.8 Q 2.5(xceed. The)-.15 F(minimum v)2.5 E(alue is system-dependent.)-.25 E -F1(COLUMNS)108 444 Q F0 .829(Used by the)144 456 R F1(select)3.329 E F0 -.828(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing sel\ -ection)3.329 F 4.506(lists. Automatically)144 468 R 2.006(set if the) -4.506 F F1(checkwinsize)4.506 E F0 2.007 -(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.506 F 2.307 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -2.007(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 480 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 492 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .848(An array v) -144 504 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E F0 .848 -(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function)3.348 F -(in)144 516 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt)-2.785 G -.285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see)-.1 F F1 -(Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E 2.785 -(w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.)144 -528 Q F1(EMA)108 540 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 552 Q F1(bash)2.536 E F0 .036 -(\214nds this v)2.536 F .036(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 -(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.535 E -F0 2.535(,i)C 2.535(ta)-2.535 G .035(ssumes that the)-2.535 F -(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 564 Q(uf)-.2 E -(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 576 Q F0(Similar to) -144 576 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 +F1(COLUMNS)108 460.8 Q F0 .828(Used by the)144 472.8 R F1(select)3.328 E +F0 .829(compound command to determine the terminal width when printing \ +selection)3.328 F 4.507(lists. Automatically)144 484.8 R 2.007 +(set if the)4.507 F F1(checkwinsize)4.507 E F0 2.006 +(option is enabled or in an interacti)4.507 F 2.306 -.15(ve s)-.25 H +2.006(hell upon).15 F(receipt of a)144 496.8 Q F3(SIGWINCH)2.5 E/F5 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(COMPREPL)108 508.8 Q(Y)-.92 E F0 .847 +(An array v)144 520.8 R .848(ariable from which)-.25 F F1(bash)3.348 E +F0 .848(reads the possible completions generated by a shell function) +3.348 F(in)144 532.8 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.785(db).1 G 2.785(yt) +-2.785 G .285(he programmable completion f)-2.785 F .285(acility \(see) +-.1 F F1(Pr)2.785 E .285(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(belo)2.785 E +2.785(w\). Each)-.25 F(array element contains one possible completion.) +144 544.8 Q F1(EMA)108 556.8 Q(CS)-.55 E F0(If)144 568.8 Q F1(bash)2.535 +E F0 .035(\214nds this v)2.535 F .035(ariable in the en)-.25 F .036 +(vironment when the shell starts with v)-.4 F(alue)-.25 E F4(t)2.536 E +F0 2.536(,i)C 2.536(ta)-2.536 G .036(ssumes that the)-2.536 F +(shell is running in an Emacs shell b)144 580.8 Q(uf)-.2 E +(fer and disables line editing.)-.25 E F1(ENV)108 592.8 Q F0(Similar to) +144 592.8 Q F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G(SH_ENV).27 E F5(;)A F0 (used when the shell is in)2.25 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 588 Q F0 3.239(Ac)144 -600 S .739(olon-separated list of e)-3.239 F .739 +2.5(nP)-2.5 G(OSIX mode.)-2.5 E F1(EXECIGNORE)108 604.8 Q F0 3.24(Ac)144 +616.8 S .74(olon-separated list of e)-3.24 F .739 (xtended glob patterns \(see)-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.239 G(tter).1 E 3.239 -(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.239 E F0 3.239(\)d)C .74 -(e\214ning the list of \214le-)-3.239 F .275 -(names to be ignored by command search.)144 612 R .274 +(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.239 E F0 3.239(\)d)C .739 +(e\214ning the list of \214le-)-3.239 F .274 +(names to be ignored by command search.)144 628.8 R .275 (Files whose full pathnames match one of these patterns)5.275 F .62 -(are not considered e)144 624 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .62 +(are not considered e)144 640.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .62 (cutable \214les for the purposes of completion and command e).15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.12(cution. This).15 F 1.07(does not af)144 636 R 1.07 -(fect the beha)-.25 F 1.07(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)3.57 E F0(,)A F1(test) -3.569 E F0 3.569(,a)C(nd)-3.569 E F1([[)3.569 E F0 3.569(commands. Use) -3.569 F 1.069(this v)3.569 F 1.069(ariable to ignore shared)-.25 F -(library \214les that ha)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he e).15 E -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(cutable bit set, b).15 E(ut are not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G -(cutable \214les.).15 E F1(FCEDIT)108 660 Q F0(The def)144 672 Q +(xe)-.15 G 3.12(cution. This).15 F 1.069(does not af)144 652.8 R 1.069 +(fect the beha)-.25 F 1.069(vior of the)-.2 F F1([)3.569 E F0(,)A F1 +(test)3.569 E F0 3.569(,a)C(nd)-3.569 E F1([[)3.569 E F0 3.57 +(commands. Use)3.57 F 1.07(this v)3.57 F 1.07(ariable to ignore shared) +-.25 F(library \214les that ha)144 664.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he e).15 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable bit set, b).15 E(ut are not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cutable \214les.).15 E F1(FCEDIT)108 676.8 Q F0(The def)144 688.8 Q (ault editor for the)-.1 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 -E F1(FIGNORE)108 684 Q F0 2.598(Ac)144 696 S .098 -(olon-separated list of suf)-2.598 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 +E F1(FIGNORE)108 700.8 Q F0 2.599(Ac)144 712.8 S .098 +(olon-separated list of suf)-2.599 F<8c78>-.25 E .098 (es to ignore when performing \214lename completion \(see)-.15 F F3 -(READLINE)2.599 E F0(belo)144 708 Q 2.705(w\). A)-.25 F .205 -(\214lename whose suf)2.705 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) --.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .204 -(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(of matched \214lenames.)144 720 Q 2.5(As)5 -G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E F4(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(14)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(READLINE)2.598 E F0(belo)144 724.8 Q 2.704(w\). A)-.25 F .204 +(\214lename whose suf)2.704 F .205(\214x matches one of the entries in) +-.25 F F3(FIGNORE)2.705 E F0 .205(is e)2.455 F .205 +(xcluded from the list)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) +142.895 E(14)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 15 15 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FUNCNEST)108 84 Q F0 .23(If set to a numeric v)144 96 R .231 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E +(of matched \214lenames.)144 84 Q 2.5(As)5 G(ample v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 +E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF(".o:~")2.5 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCNEST) +108 96 Q F0 .231(If set to a numeric v)144 108 R .231 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.731(l. Function).15 F(in)2.731 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E -(cations that e)144 108 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F1 -(GLOBIGNORE)108 120 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 132 S .618(olon-separated list of\ +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.73(l. Function).15 F(in)2.73 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(-).2 E +(cations that e)144 120 Q(xceed this nesting le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.5(lw).15 G(ill cause the current command to abort.)-2.5 E F2 +(GLOBIGNORE)108 132 Q F0 3.118(Ac)144 144 S .618(olon-separated list of\ patterns de\214ning the set of \214lenames to be ignored by pathname e) --3.118 F(xpan-)-.15 E 3.131(sion. If)144 144 R 3.132<618c>3.131 G .632 +-3.118 F(xpan-)-.15 E 3.132(sion. If)144 156 R 3.132<618c>3.132 G .632 (lename matched by a pathname e)-3.132 F .632 -(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)144 156 Q/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 +(xpansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in)-.15 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(GLOBIGNORE)144 168 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 (it is remo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom the list of matches.) --2.5 E F1(HISTCONTR)108 168 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.654(Ac)144 180 S .153 -(olon-separated list of v)-2.654 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F +-2.5 E F2(HISTCONTR)108 180 Q(OL)-.3 E F0 2.653(Ac)144 192 S .153 +(olon-separated list of v)-2.653 F .153(alues controlling ho)-.25 F 2.653(wc)-.25 G .153(ommands are sa)-2.653 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.653(do).15 -G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .153(If the list) -5.153 F .49(of v)144 192 R .49(alues includes)-.25 F/F4 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.99 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.99(,l).18 G .49 -(ines which be)-2.99 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F1(space)2.991 E F0 .491 -(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.991(di).15 G 2.991(nt) --2.991 G .491(he his-)-2.991 F .558(tory list.)144 204 R 3.058(Av)5.558 -G .558(alue of)-3.308 F F4(ignor)3.068 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .558 -(causes lines matching the pre)3.328 F .557 -(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.958 -(Av)144 216 S .458(alue of)-3.208 F F4(ignor)2.968 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 -.458(is shorthand for)3.238 F F4(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) -2.959 E F4(ignor)2.959 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.459(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .459 -(lue of).25 F F4(er)2.959 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.959 E .699 -(all pre)144 228 R .698 +G 2.653(nt)-2.653 G .153(he history list.)-2.653 F .154(If the list) +5.153 F .491(of v)144 204 R .491(alues includes)-.25 F/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(ignor)2.991 E(espace)-.37 E F0 2.991(,l).18 G .491 +(ines which be)-2.991 F .491(gin with a)-.15 F F2(space)2.991 E F0 .49 +(character are not sa)2.991 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.99(di).15 G 2.99(nt)-2.99 +G .49(he his-)-2.99 F .557(tory list.)144 216 R 3.057(Av)5.557 G .557 +(alue of)-3.307 F F5(ignor)3.067 E(edups)-.37 E F0 .557 +(causes lines matching the pre)3.327 F .558 +(vious history entry to not be sa)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E 2.959 +(Av)144 228 S .459(alue of)-3.209 F F5(ignor)2.969 E(eboth)-.37 E F0 +.459(is shorthand for)3.239 F F5(ignor)2.959 E(espace)-.37 E F0(and) +2.959 E F5(ignor)2.958 E(edups)-.37 E F0 5.458(.A)C -.25(va)-2.5 G .458 +(lue of).25 F F5(er)2.958 E(asedups)-.15 E F0(causes)2.958 E .698 +(all pre)144 240 R .698 (vious lines matching the current line to be remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.198(df).15 G .698(rom the history list before that line is)-3.198 F -(sa)144 240 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.763(d. An).15 F 2.763(yv)-.15 G .263 -(alue not in the abo)-3.013 F .563 -.15(ve l)-.15 H .263 -(ist is ignored.).15 F(If)5.263 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.763 E(OL)-.27 E F0 .264 -(is unset, or does not include)2.513 F 2.942(av)144 252 S .442(alid v) --3.192 F .442(alue, all lines read by the shell parser are sa)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.2 G 2.941(do).15 G 2.941(nt)-2.941 G .441 -(he history list, subject to the v)-2.941 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F2 -(HISTIGNORE)144 264 Q F3(.)A F0 1.981(The second and subsequent lines o\ -f a multi-line compound command are not)6.481 F -(tested, and are added to the history re)144 276 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G -(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTCONTR)2.5 E(OL)-.27 E F3(.) -A F1(HISTFILE)108 288 Q F0 .181 -(The name of the \214le in which command history is sa)144 300 R -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.681(d\().15 G(see)-2.681 E F2(HIST)2.681 E(OR)-.162 E(Y) --.315 E F0(belo)2.431 E 2.681(w\). 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The)-.25 F(def)2.682 E .182(ault v) +-.1 F(alue)-.25 E(is)144 324 Q F5(~/.bash_history)2.5 E F0 5(.I)C 2.5 (fu)-5 G(nset, the command history is not sa)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5 -(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)108 324 Q F0 -1.622(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 -336 R 1.623(When this v)6.623 F 1.623(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 -(va)144 348 S .932(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) +(dw).15 G(hen a shell e)-2.5 E(xits.)-.15 E F2(HISTFILESIZE)108 336 Q F0 +1.623(The maximum number of lines contained in the history \214le.)144 +348 R 1.622(When this v)6.623 F 1.622(ariable is assigned a)-.25 F -.25 +(va)144 360 S .931(lue, the history \214le is truncated, if necessary) .25 F 3.432(,t)-.65 G 3.432(oc)-3.432 G .932 -(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 360 Q .87 -(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .871(The history \214le is also trunca\ -ted to this size after writing it when a)5.87 F 1.245(shell e)144 372 R -3.745(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 -(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.244 -(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.244(alues and)-.25 F 1.021(numeric v)144 384 R +(ontain no more than that number of lines by)-3.432 F(remo)144 372 Q +.871(ving the oldest entries.)-.15 F .87(The history \214le is also tru\ +ncated to this size after writing it when a)5.871 F 1.244(shell e)144 +384 R 3.744(xits. If)-.15 F 1.244(the v)3.744 F 1.244 +(alue is 0, the history \214le is truncated to zero size.)-.25 F 1.245 +(Non-numeric v)6.244 F 1.245(alues and)-.25 F 1.022(numeric v)144 396 R 1.022(alues less than zero inhibit truncation.)-.25 F 1.022 (The shell sets the def)6.022 F 1.022(ault v)-.1 F 1.022(alue to the v) --.25 F 1.022(alue of)-.25 F F1(HISTSIZE)144 396 Q F0(after reading an) -2.5 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E F1(HISTIGNORE)108 408 Q F0 -2.658(Ac)144 420 S .158(olon-separated list of patterns used to decide \ -which command lines should be sa)-2.658 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.657(do).15 G -2.657(nt)-2.657 G .157(he his-)-2.657 F .707(tory list.)144 432 R .707 -(Each pattern is anchored at the be)5.707 F .708 -(ginning of the line and must match the complete line)-.15 F .626 -(\(no implicit `)144 444 R F1(*)A F0 3.126('i)C 3.126(sa)-3.126 G 3.126 -(ppended\). 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Each)-3.125 F .626(pattern is tested ag)3.125 F .626 +(ainst the line after the checks speci\214ed by)-.05 F F3(HISTCONTR)144 +468 Q(OL)-.27 E F0 1.793(are applied.)4.043 F 1.793 (In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `)6.793 F -F1(&)A F0(')A 2.515(matches the pre)144 468 R 2.515(vious history line.) --.25 F(`)7.514 E F1(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 -(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 480 -Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.352(db).15 G .852(efore attempting a match.)-3.352 F +F2(&)A F0(')A 2.514(matches the pre)144 480 R 2.514(vious history line.) +-.25 F(`)7.514 E F2(&)A F0 5.014('m)C 2.514 +(ay be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is)-5.014 F(remo)144 492 +Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.353(db).15 G .853(efore attempting a match.)-3.353 F .852(The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound)5.852 F -(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 492 Q -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F3 -(.)A F1(HISTSIZE)108 504 Q F0 1.387 -(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 516 -R F2(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) --.25 F(the)3.887 E -.25(va)144 528 S 1.32(lue is 0, commands are not sa) -.25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.82(di).15 G 3.821(nt)-3.82 G 1.321 -(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.321(Numeric v)6.321 F 1.321 -(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 540 T .437 -(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.937(do).15 G 2.937(nt)-2.937 -G .437(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.937 F .436 -(The shell sets the def)5.436 F .436(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E -(to 500 after reading an)144 552 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E -F1(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 564 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .951(If this v)144 576 R .951 -(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .952 -(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F4(strftime)3.452 E F0 .952 -(\(3\) to print the)B .673 -(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 588 -R F1(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.172 G 3.172(iltin. If).2 F .672(this v) -3.172 F .672(ariable is)-.25 F .144 -(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 600 R +(command are not tested, and are added to the history re)144 504 Q -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(rdless of the v).05 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTIGNORE)2.5 E F4 +(.)A F2(HISTSIZE)108 516 Q F0 1.387 +(The number of commands to remember in the command history \(see)144 528 +R F3(HIST)3.887 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.637 E 3.887(w\). If) +-.25 F(the)3.888 E -.25(va)144 540 S 1.321 +(lue is 0, commands are not sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.821(di).15 G 3.821 +(nt)-3.821 G 1.321(he history list.)-3.821 F 1.32(Numeric v)6.32 F 1.32 +(alues less than zero result in)-.25 F -2.15 -.25(ev e)144 552 T .436 +(ry command being sa).25 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.936(do).15 G 2.936(nt)-2.936 +G .436(he history list \(there is no limit\).)-2.936 F .437 +(The shell sets the def)5.437 F .437(ault v)-.1 F(alue)-.25 E +(to 500 after reading an)144 564 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(tartup \214les.)-2.5 E +F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)108 576 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .952(If this v)144 588 R .952 +(ariable is set and not null, its v)-.25 F .951 +(alue is used as a format string for)-.25 F F5(strftime)3.451 E F0 .951 +(\(3\) to print the)B .672 +(time stamp associated with each history entry displayed by the)144 600 +R F2(history)3.173 E F0 -.2(bu)3.173 G 3.173(iltin. If).2 F .673(this v) +3.173 F .673(ariable is)-.25 F .144 +(set, time stamps are written to the history \214le so the)144 612 R 2.644(ym)-.15 G .144(ay be preserv)-2.644 F .144 -(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.145 E(uses the history comment\ - character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 612 Q -F1(HOME)108 624 Q F0 1.27 -(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 636 R 1.27(ault ar) --.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F1(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 -(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 648 S(lue of this v).25 E -(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(HOSTFILE)108 660 Q F0 1.015 -(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 672 R F4 +(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F(This)5.144 E(uses the history comment\ + character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)144 624 Q +F2(HOME)108 636 Q F0 1.27 +(The home directory of the current user; the def)144 648 R 1.27(ault ar) +-.1 F 1.27(gument for the)-.18 F F2(cd)3.77 E F0 -.2(bu)3.77 G 1.27 +(iltin command.).2 F(The)6.27 E -.25(va)144 660 S(lue of this v).25 E +(ariable is also used when performing tilde e)-.25 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2 +(HOSTFILE)108 672 Q F0 1.015 +(Contains the name of a \214le in the same format as)144 684 R F5 (/etc/hosts)5.181 E F0 1.015(that should be read when the shell)5.181 F -.551(needs to complete a hostname.)144 684 R .551 +.55(needs to complete a hostname.)144 696 R .551 (The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while)5.551 F -1.058(the shell is running; the ne)144 696 R 1.059 -(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.059 -(alue is changed,)-.25 F F1(bash)144 708 Q F0 .138 -(adds the contents of the ne)2.639 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) --2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F2(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 -.138(is set, b)2.388 F .138(ut has no v)-.2 F .138(alue, or)-.25 F 1.956 -(does not name a readable \214le,)144 720 R F1(bash)4.456 E F0 1.956 -(attempts to read)4.456 F F4(/etc/hosts)6.122 E F0 1.956 -(to obtain the list of possible)6.122 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(15)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +1.059(the shell is running; the ne)144 708 R 1.059 +(xt time hostname completion is attempted after the v)-.15 F 1.058 +(alue is changed,)-.25 F F2(bash)144 720 Q F0 .138 +(adds the contents of the ne)2.638 F 2.638<778c>-.25 G .138(le to the e) +-2.638 F .138(xisting list.)-.15 F(If)5.138 E F3(HOSTFILE)2.638 E F0 +.138(is set, b)2.388 F .139(ut has no v)-.2 F .139(alue, or)-.25 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(15)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 16 16 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(hostname completions.)144 84 Q(When)5 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE) -2.5 E F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)108 96 Q F0(The)144 96 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.556(Internal F)3.636 F .556(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator)-.15 E F0 .556 -(that is used for w)3.786 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 F .555 -(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 108 S(rds with the) -.1 E F2 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E -(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E -(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F2(IGNOREEOF)108 120 Q F0 .503 -(Controls the action of an interacti)144 132 R .803 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F1(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 -(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .504(If set,)5.504 F .426(the v) -144 144 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .518 +(does not name a readable \214le,)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash) +3.018 E F0 .518(attempts to read)3.018 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(/etc/hosts)4.683 E F0 .517(to obtain the list of possible host-)4.683 F +(name completions.)144 96 Q(When)5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOSTFILE)2.5 E +F0(is unset, the hostname list is cleared.)2.25 E F1(IFS)108 108 Q F0 +(The)144 108 Q F2 .555(Internal F)3.635 F .555(ield Separ)-.45 F(ator) +-.15 E F0 .555(that is used for w)3.785 F .556(ord splitting after e)-.1 +F .556(xpansion and to split lines into)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 120 S +(rds with the).1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin command.).2 E(The def)5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E +(`<space><tab><ne)-.74 E(wline>')-.25 E('.)-.74 E F1(IGNOREEOF)108 132 Q +F0 .503(Controls the action of an interacti)144 144 R .803 -.15(ve s) +-.25 H .503(hell on receipt of an).15 F F3(EOF)3.003 E F0 .503 +(character as the sole input.)2.753 F .503(If set,)5.503 F .426(the v) +144 156 R .426(alue is the number of consecuti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 (EOF)3.076 E F0 .426 -(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .302 -(on an input line before)144 156 R F2(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G +(characters which must be typed as the \214rst characters)2.676 F .303 +(on an input line before)144 168 R F1(bash)2.802 E F0 -.15(ex)2.802 G 2.802(its. 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F1(LC_)3.473 E F0 -.25(va)3.473 G +.974(riable specifying a locale cate-).25 F(gory)144 276 Q(.)-.65 E F1 +(LC_COLLA)108 288 Q(TE)-.95 E F0 .412(This v)144 300 R .412(ariable det\ ermines the collation order used when sorting the results of pathname e) --.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 300 R 1.465 -(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G -1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 -312 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F2(LC_CTYPE)108 324 Q F0 -1.935(This v)144 336 R 1.936 +-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.464(and determines the beha)144 312 R 1.464 +(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.465(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.465(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144 +324 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 336 Q F0 +1.936(This v)144 348 R 1.936 (ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F -1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within 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-.25(va)3.451 G 1.202 +(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 +(informs the user of the arri)144 468 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5 (fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E -(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F2(MAILCHECK)108 468 Q F0 .098 -(Speci\214es ho)144 480 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\)) --2.598 F F2(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) -5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224 +(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 480 Q F0 .099 +(Speci\214es ho)144 492 R 2.599(wo)-.25 G .099(ften \(in seconds\)) +-2.599 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def) +5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .098(When it is time)5.098 F .223 (to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\ -mpt.)144 492 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F -(or set to a v)144 504 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ -l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F2(MAILP)108 516 Q --.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 528 S .49 +mpt.)144 504 R .224(If this v)5.224 F .224(ariable is unset,)-.25 F +(or set to a v)144 516 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\ +l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 528 Q +-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 540 S .49 (olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49 (ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri) -144 540 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ +144 552 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \ \214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\ - with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 552 Q(xt of the message,) --.15 E F2($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F2 -(MAILP)144 564 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) + with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 564 Q(xt of the message,) +-.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 +(MAILP)144 576 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F2(Bash)144 576 Q F0 .388 -(supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F -.388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 588 Q F0 .389 +(supplies a def)2.889 F .389(ault v)-.1 F .389(alue for this v)-.25 F +.389(ariable, b)-.25 F .388 (ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F -(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 588 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F2($USER)A F0 -(\).)A F2(OPTERR)108 600 Q F0 .39(If set to the v)144 612 R .39(alue 1,) --.25 F F2(bash)2.89 E F0 .389(displays error messages generated by the) -2.889 F F2(getopts)2.889 E F0 -.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 -F F1 .359(SHELL B)144 624 R(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 636 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.) -.15 E F2 -.74(PA)108 648 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588 -(The search path for commands.)144 648 R .587 +(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 600 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 +(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 612 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 624 R .389 +(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389 +(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 .36(SHELL B)144 636 R(UIL) +-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(OPTERR) +5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 648 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 660 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587 +(The search path for commands.)144 660 R .588 (It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks) -5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 660 R F1 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION) -2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472 -(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 672 S -.536(lue of).25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 -(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 -(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent) --3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 684 R .868 -(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) --.1 F 26.329(administrator who installs)144 696 R F2(bash)28.829 E F0 -31.329(.A)C 26.328(common v)-2.501 F 26.328(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10 -/Courier@0 SF -(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 708 Q -F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(16)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 672 R F3 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION) +2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471 +(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 684 S +.535(lue of).25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535 +(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535 +(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent) +-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 696 R .868 +(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the) +-.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 708 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0 +31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 +SF(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 720 +Q F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(16)192.055 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(POSIXL)108 84 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 96 R .471 +SF(POSIXL)108 84 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 96 R .472 (ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971 E -F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472 -(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011 +F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471 +(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011 (the startup \214les, as if the)144 108 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0 (in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011 (If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 120 Q F1(bash)2.5 @@ -2229,41 +2235,41 @@ E F0(enables)2.5 E F2(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft) E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see) 3.423 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E (w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 192 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G -(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 204 Q F0 .064(The v)144 +(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 204 Q F0 .065(The v)144 204 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F4(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065 (w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 216 R (def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 228 Q F0 .118(The v)144 228 R .118 -(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1) -2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The) -5.117 E(def)144 240 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G -(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 252 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 252 R 1.115 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 228 Q F0 .117(The v)144 228 R .117 +(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1) +2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The) +5.118 E(def)144 240 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G +(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 252 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 252 R 1.115 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select) -3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F4 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR) -144 264 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 276 Q F0 -.101(The v)144 276 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101 -(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1 -(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 288 Q F0 .291 -(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F -.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F4(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292 +3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F4 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR) +144 264 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 276 Q F0 .1 +(The v)144 276 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1 +(xpanded as with)-.15 F F4(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101 +(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 288 Q F0 .292 +(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F +.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F4(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291 (is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 300 Q 2.5(,t) -.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 --.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 312 Q F0 .664 +-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 312 Q F0 .663 (The full pathname to the shell is k)144 324 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F -.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663 +.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664 (it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 336 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55 -G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 348 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144 +G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 348 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144 360 R .826 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F -3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649 -(pipelines pre\214x)144 372 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0 -(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F -(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711 +3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648 +(pipelines pre\214x)144 372 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0 +(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F +(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712 (an escape sequence that is e)144 384 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F -.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F +.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F (and their meanings are as follo)144 396 Q (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 414 Q F0 2.5 (Al)194 414 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 426 Q F2(p)A F1 @@ -2274,20 +2280,20 @@ F1(%[)144 450 Q F2(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0 Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 462 Q .87 (The optional)144 478.8 R F2(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the) 3.37 F F2(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87 -(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A) -144 490.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025 -(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026 -(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538 -(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 502.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F2 -(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E -F2(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 514.8 Q -(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 531.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0 +(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A) +144 490.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025 +(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025 +(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537 +(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 502.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F2 +(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E +F2(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 514.8 Q +(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 531.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F -F2(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va) -3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 543.6 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 -(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365 -(If this v)144 560.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 -E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) +F2(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va) +3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 543.6 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0 +(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364 +(If this v)144 560.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865 +E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 144 572.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144 @@ -2296,173 +2302,173 @@ E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr) 596.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 608.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,) -.25 F F4(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 -G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 620.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31 -(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(fter).15 E F4(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F -.886(ing from a terminal.)144 632.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 --.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885 +G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 620.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311 +(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +(fter).15 E F4(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F +.885(ing from a terminal.)144 632.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886 (alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 644.4 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 656.4 -Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 668.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 680.4 -R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391 -(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39 -(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 692.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55 -G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 704.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 716.4 -R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531 -(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531 -(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 728.4 R +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 668.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 680.4 +R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39 +(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391 +(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 692.4 Q 2.5(su) +-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 704.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 +716.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531 +(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53 +(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 728.4 R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\ - for resumption of an)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E -(17)197.335 E 0 Cg EP + for resumption of an)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 +E(17)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 18 18 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S -.366(isting stopped job).15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366 -(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366 -(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F -1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 -96 R(The)6.125 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.124 -(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 108 Q 1.132 +.367(isting stopped job).15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366 +(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366 +(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F +1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144 +96 R(The)6.125 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)3.985 E F0 1.125 +(of a stopped job, in this)3.805 F(conte)144 108 Q 1.133 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v) -6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F1 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133 -(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625 +6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F1 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132 +(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 120 R .624(xactly; if set to)-.15 -F F1(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624 -(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884 +F F1(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625 +(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 132 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he) --5.884 E F1(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885 +-5.884 E F1(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884 (vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 144 Q/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(%?)3.334 E F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(%?)3.333 E F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334 (w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)-.15 G .834(ther v) --3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315 +-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 156 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316 -(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F -F2(%)2.816 E F1(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 168 Q(.)-.55 E -F2(histchars)108 180 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 192 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) +(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F +F2(%)2.815 E F1(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(identi\214er)144 168 Q(.)-.55 E +F2(histchars)108 180 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 192 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt) -4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07 -(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR) --.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 204 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715 -(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F1 1.216 -(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G -1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e) +(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.57 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 204 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716 +(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F F1 1.215 +(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G +1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798(signals the start of a history e) 144 216 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F2(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798 (second character is the)3.298 F F1(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G -(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 228 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G -.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24 -(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576 +(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 228 Q F0(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239 +(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239 +(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575 (ing one string for another in the command.)144 240 R .575(The def)5.575 -F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F2(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575 -(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\ +F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F2(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576 +(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\ that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \ -char)144 252 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 264 R 1.294 -(ord, normally `)-.1 F F2(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293 -(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F -.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 276 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F -.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F +char)144 252 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 264 R 1.293 +(ord, normally `)-.1 F F2(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294 +(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38 +(skipped for the remaining w)144 276 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379 +(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 288 Q F2(Arrays)87 304.8 Q(Bash) -108 316.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a) --.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89 +108 316.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe) +-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H +.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891 (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 328.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F2(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 -F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F -.329(an array)108 340.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr) --.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F -5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328 -(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 352.8 R +2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F2(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 +F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F +.328(an array)108 340.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr) +-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F +5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329 +(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 352.8 R 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 364.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15 -(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 381.6 R -.15(xe) --.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F -4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F -F1(name)4.962 E F0([)A F1(sub-)A(script)108 393.6 Q F0(]=)A F1(value)A -F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F1(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549 -(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 -F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 -E -.15(ex)108 405.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F2(declar)4.48 E -4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F1(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.979 -(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E +(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 381.6 R -.15(xe) +-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F +4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F +F1(name)4.963 E F0([)A F1(sub-)A(script)108 393.6 Q F0(]=)A F1(value)A +F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F1(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549 +(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348 +E -.15(ex)108 405.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F2(declar)4.48 +E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F1(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.98 +(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E (w\).)-.25 E F2(declar)108 417.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F2([)A F1(subscript)A F2(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F1 (subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 434.4 Q .3 -.15 (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 -G(A)-2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 451.2 Q .94 +G(A)-2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 451.2 Q .941 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the) --.25 F F2(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F2 -.18(re)3.441 G -(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E -(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 +-.25 F F2(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F2 -.18(re)3.44 G +(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute) +-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 480 R F1(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F2(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F1(1)A F0 1.647 -(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F1(n)A F2(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each) --4.147 F F1(value)108 492 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F1 +(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F1(n)A F2(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each) +-4.148 F F1(value)108 492 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F1 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15 -G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833 -(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F1(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164 +G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832 +(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F1(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163 (When assigning to inde)108 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163 -(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663 -(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 516 R 3.91 -(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde) --3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.) --3.911 F(Inde)108 528 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E -(When assigning to an associati)108 544.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 -E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24 -(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 561.6 R F2(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18 -E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239 +(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664 +(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 516 R +3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411 +(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41 +(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 528 Q +(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 544.8 Q +.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.) +-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 561.6 R F2(declar) +2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F1(name)108 573.6 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]=)A F1(value)A F0 1.917 -(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 +(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray) --4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F1(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-) -4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 585.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115 -(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H -2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E +-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F1(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-) +4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 585.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115 +(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H +2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E (of)108 597.6 Q F1(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338 G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 609.6 Q(An)108 626.4 Q -3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) --3.576 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075 -(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541 +3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${) +-3.575 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076 +(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542 (con\215icts with pathname e)108 638.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F2(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F2(*)4.041 E F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541 -(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057 -(These subscripts dif)108 650.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 -(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056 -(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 662.4 Q F1(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B -.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521 +(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F1(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056 +(These subscripts dif)108 650.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057 +(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057 +(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 662.4 Q F1(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B +.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F -1.375(of the)108 674.4 R F3(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375 +1.374(of the)108 674.4 R F3(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375 (ariable, and ${)-.25 F F1(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375 -(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w) -3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108 +(xpands each element of)-.15 F F1(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w) +3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108 686.4 R F1(name)A F0 2.028([@]} e)B 2.028(xpands to nothing.)-.15 F -2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759 +2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758 (within a w)108 698.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759 -(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108 +(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108 710.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\ -t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016 -F .228(to the e)108 722.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 +t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015 +F .227(to the e)108 722.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228 -(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727 +(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728 (\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(18)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(18)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 19 19 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2472,15 +2478,15 @@ BP .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F0 ([)A F1(subscript)A F0 3.386(]}. If)B F1(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E /F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)3.386 E F0(or)3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t) -C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295 -(ments in the array)108 96 R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 +C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294 +(ments in the array)108 96 R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F1(subscript)3.135 E F0 .295(used to reference an element of an inde) -3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .294(luates to a number).25 F .628 -(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 108 R .928 -.15(ve t) --.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F -3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G -3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .295(luates to a number).25 F .629 +(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 108 R .929 -.15(ve t) +-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F +3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G +3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (indices count back from the end of the array)108 120 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108 @@ -2491,72 +2497,72 @@ E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 165.6 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E -.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 182.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() -.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918 -(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F2 -(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 194.4 S .75 +.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 182.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\() +.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917 +(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F2 +(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 194.4 S .749 (pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name) -3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749 +3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108 206.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 223.2 Q F2(unset) -2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 +2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F2(unset)5.267 E F1(name)2.767 E F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x) --.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 235.2 Q F0 6.319(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) --6.319 H(ti).15 E 1.619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.319(ubscripts to inde).15 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.819(da).15 G 1.319 -(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.819 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.318 -(.C).15 G 1.318(are must be tak)-6.318 F 1.318(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 -247.2 S .297(id unw).2 F .297(anted side ef)-.1 F .297 -(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.297 E F1 -(name)2.798 E F0 2.798(,w)C(here)-2.798 E F1(name)2.798 E F0 .298 -(is an array)2.798 F 2.798(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.798 E F2(unset)2.798 E F1 +-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 235.2 Q F0 6.318(.N)C -2.25 -.15(eg a) +-6.318 H(ti).15 E 1.618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.318(ubscripts to inde).15 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.818(da).15 G 1.319 +(rrays are interpreted as described abo)-3.818 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.319 +(.C).15 G 1.319(are must be tak)-6.319 F 1.319(en to)-.1 F -.2(avo)108 +247.2 S .298(id unw).2 F .298(anted side ef)-.1 F .298 +(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)5.298 E F1 +(name)2.797 E F0 2.797(,w)C(here)-2.797 E F1(name)2.797 E F0 .297 +(is an array)2.797 F 2.797(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.797 E F2(unset)2.797 E F1 (name)108 259.2 Q F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 276 -Q F2(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C(nd) --3.574 E F2 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073 +Q F2(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.573 E F0 3.573(,a)C(nd) +-3.573 E F2 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G 1.073 (iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073 -(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073 -(rray and a)-3.573 F F2<ad41>3.573 E F0 .338 +(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074 +(rray and a)-3.574 F F2<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339 (option to specify an associati)108 288 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,) -2.838 F F2<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The) -5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441 +5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44 (accepts a)108 300 R F2<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he) --5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 +-5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2 (bu)108 312 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 328.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\ rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 340.8 R 3.26 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76 -(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br) -2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) +(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F1 +(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e) 2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369 -(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369 +(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .37 (command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 364.8 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e) 2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24 -E .418(The order of e)108 381.6 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 -(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419 -(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 393.6 S -.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F -.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) +E .419(The order of e)108 381.6 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418 +(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418 +(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 393.6 S +.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F +.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-) -.15 E(sion.)108 405.6 Q .257 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 422.4 R .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257 -(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 +(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2 E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 434.4 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.) --.15 E 1.487(Only brace e)108 451.2 R 1.487(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487 +-.15 E 1.486(Only brace e)108 451.2 R 1.486(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.486 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487 -(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 -(ex)108 463.2 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F -1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 -(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the) +(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15 +(ex)108 463.2 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F +1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665 +(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the) -.15 F -.15(ex)108 475.2 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ") -2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G (xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 @@ -2568,53 +2574,53 @@ SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2 2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G -(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 528 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble) +(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 528 R F1(pr)2.651 E(eamble) -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25 F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 540 R .563 (wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563 (he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\ ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \ -resulting string, e)108 552 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 -564 Q .718(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 +resulting string, e)108 552 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108 +564 Q .719(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719 (The results of each e)5.719 F .719 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv) 108 592.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0 -(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As) -108 609.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743 -(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.243 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A -F2(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y) -3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,) --.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G +(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As) +108 609.6 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742 +(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A +F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y) +3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,) +-.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532 -(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108 -633.6 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi) --2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077 -(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077 -(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014 -(same width.)108 645.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or) -2.514 E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\ +(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108 +633.6 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi) +-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077 +(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078 +(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015 +(same width.)108 645.6 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or) +2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\ empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143 (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 657.6 R 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F (xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 669.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le) .15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E F1(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G -1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984 -(that both)108 681.6 R F1(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F1(y)3.484 E F0 .983 -(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983 +1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983 +(that both)108 681.6 R F1(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F1(y)3.483 E F0 .983 +(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference) -.25 E(between each term.)108 693.6 Q(The def)5 E -(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108 710.4 -R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581 -(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582 -(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.209 -(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.209(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209 +(ault increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 710.4 +R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581 +(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581 +(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.208 +(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.208(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209 (It is strictly te)6.209 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)6.209 E F0 1.209 -(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.208 +(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.209 (yntactic interpretation to the)-3.709 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(19)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(19)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 20 20 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2622,17 +2628,17 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(conte)108 84 Q (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.) --.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132 +-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\ -t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441 +t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441 -(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 +(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755 (unchanged. A)108 124.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G .255(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-) --.15 E 2.911(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411 +-.15 E 2.91(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F -F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F +F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F (xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 148.8 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \ as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is) 108 165.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 177.6 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H @@ -2642,158 +2648,158 @@ G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 206.4 Q(cho)144 218.4 Q -.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 235.2 R .618 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F .618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618 -(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247 -(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G -.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248 -(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15 +(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248 +(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G +.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247 +(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh) 3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 271.2 Q F0 -.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F -.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515 -(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437 +.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F +.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514 +(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436 (If strict compatibility with)108 283.2 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1 -(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436 +(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 295.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti) -87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 324 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 -F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087 +87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 324 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 +F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a) 108 336 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn) --5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\ - are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .726 -(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .523 -(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523 +-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\ + are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .725 +(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .522 +(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v) --3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287 -(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287 -(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\ +-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287 +(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286 +(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\ ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \ -with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .093 +with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .092 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 400.8 R .092 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092 -(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is) -5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 412.8 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903 +(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is) +5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 412.8 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0 -.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo) -5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642 -(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.142 -E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641 -(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\ +.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo) +5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641 +(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.141 +E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642 +(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\ ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 -436.8 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 448.8 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G -.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F -.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454 +436.8 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 448.8 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G +.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F +.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.) 108 460.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E -(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 494.4 R .167 +(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 494.4 R .167 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x) -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E -F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E -.468(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .468(xpansion is also performed.) --.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467 +F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E +.467(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .467(xpansion is also performed.) +-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468 (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 518.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT) -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E -(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 535.2 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605 -(The `)108 547.2 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605 -(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606 -(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106 -(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 559.2 R -.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406 -(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032 -(tect the v)108 571.2 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032 -(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033 +(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 535.2 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606 +(The `)108 547.2 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606 +(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605 +(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105 +(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 559.2 R +.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407 +(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033 +(tect the v)108 571.2 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033 +(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 -583.2 Q 1.19 +583.2 Q 1.189 (When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108 -600 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) --3.689 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 +600 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a) +-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 612 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex) 108 624 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 640.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A -1.205(The v)144 652.8 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 -E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when) -6.204 F F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F +1.204(The v)144 652.8 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter)-.15 +E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204(The braces are required when) +6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 664.8 R F2(par) 4.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264 -(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677 +(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676 (be interpreted as part of its name.)144 676.8 R(The)7.677 E F2(par) -5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo) +5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo) 5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 688.8 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o) C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0 -(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 705.6 R F2(par)2.846 E +(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 705.6 R F2(par)2.846 E (ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a) -2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G -(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.635(al)108 717.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.635 H 2.635 -(lo).25 G 2.635(fv)-2.635 G .135(ariable indirection.)-2.885 F F1(Bash) +2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G +(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 717.6 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634 +(lo).25 G 2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F1(Bash) 5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134 -(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.634 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.134(as the)2.634 F 1.003(name of the v)108 729.6 R 1.003 +(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 729.6 R 1.003 (ariable; this v)-.25 F 1.003(ariable is then e)-.25 F 1.003 (xpanded and that v)-.15 F 1.003 (alue is used in the rest of the substitution,)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(20)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(20)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 21 21 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .595 -(rather than the v)108 84 R .595(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(par)3.095 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .594 +(rather than the v)108 84 R .594(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 3.095(itself. This)3.095 F .595(is kno) 3.095 F .595(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)3.095 E .595(ect e)-.37 F(xpansion) --.2 E F0 5.594(.I)C(f)-5.594 E F1(par)3.094 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .594 -(is a nameref,)3.094 F .477(this e)108 96 R .477 -(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F .477(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.978 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .478 -(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.978 F 2.164(rect e)108 108 R +-.2 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1(par)3.095 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .595 +(is a nameref,)3.095 F .478(this e)108 96 R .478 +(xpands to the name of the v)-.15 F .478(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F1 +(par)2.977 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .477 +(instead of performing the complete indi-)2.977 F 2.163(rect e)108 108 R 4.663(xpansion. The)-.15 F -.15(ex)4.663 G 2.163 (ceptions to this are the e).15 F 2.163(xpansions of ${)-.15 F/F2 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 4.663(}a)C 2.163 -(nd ${)-4.663 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 2.163(]} described)B +(nd ${)-4.663 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 2.164(]} described)B (belo)108 120 Q 3.8 -.65(w. T)-.25 H(he e).65 E (xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G (he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E .334 (In each of the cases belo)108 136.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)3.484 E(d) -.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e) -.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108 -148.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.09(When not performing substring e)108 165.6 +148.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.089(When not performing substring e)108 165.6 R 1.089(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 3.589(w\()-.25 -G(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.589 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.589 E F0 1.089 -(tests for a)3.589 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 177.6 Q(Omitt\ -ing the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E +G(e.g.,)-3.589 E F2(:-)3.59 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09 +(tests for a)3.59 F(parameter that is unset or null.)108 177.6 Q(Omitti\ +ng the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5 E (${)108 194.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2<3aad>A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(}) -A F2 .722(Use Default V)144 206.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.722(.I)C(f)-5.722 -E F1(par)4.472 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.952 F -.723(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.563 E(d)-.37 E F0 .723(is substituted.) -3.993 F(Other)5.723 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 218.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 +A F2 .723(Use Default V)144 206.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 5.723(.I)C(f)-5.723 +E F1(par)4.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .723(is unset or null, the e)3.953 F +.722(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.562 E(d)-.37 E F0 .722(is substituted.) +3.992 F(Other)5.722 E(-)-.2 E(wise, the v)144 218.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1 (par)3.75 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)3.23 E(${)108 230.4 Q F1 -(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.005 -(Assign Default V)144 242.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.005(.I)C(f)-7.005 E F1 -(par)5.755 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.235 F -2.004(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.844 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.004 -(is assigned to)5.274 F F1(par)144 254.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.278(.T).73 -G .278(he v)-5.278 F .278(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.028 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .279 +(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:=)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 2.004 +(Assign Default V)144 242.4 R(alues)-.92 E F0 7.004(.I)C(f)-7.004 E F1 +(par)5.754 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.005(is unset or null, the e)5.234 F +2.005(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.845 E(d)-.37 E F0 2.005 +(is assigned to)5.275 F F1(par)144 254.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.279(.T).73 +G .279(he v)-5.279 F .279(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.029 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +.278(is then substituted.)3.508 F .278 (Positional parameters and special param-)5.278 F (eters may not be assigned to in this w)144 266.4 Q(ay)-.1 E(.)-.65 E (${)108 278.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:?)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .535(Display Err)144 290.4 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (.I)C(f)-5.535 E F1(par)4.285 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .535 (is null or unset, the e)3.765 F .535(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.035 E -(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .661(sage to that ef)144 302.4 R -.661(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.501 E(d)-.37 E F0 .662(is not present\) is\ - written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.931 F +(d)-.37 E F0 .535(\(or a mes-)3.035 F .662(sage to that ef)144 302.4 R +.662(fect if)-.25 F F1(wor)3.502 E(d)-.37 E F0 .661(is not present\) is\ + written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not)3.932 F (interacti)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(,e).15 G 2.5(xits. Otherwise,) -2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 (is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 326.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:+)A F1 @@ -2806,69 +2812,69 @@ F2 .535(Display Err)144 290.4 R .535(or if Null or Unset)-.18 F F0 5.535 (of)A(fset)-.18 E F2(:)A F1(length)A F0(})A F2 .002(Substring Expansion) 144 386.4 R F0 5.002(.E)C .002(xpands to up to)-5.002 F F1(length)2.502 E F0 .002(characters of the v)2.502 F .002(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.502 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.082 -(character speci\214ed by)144 398.4 R F1(of)3.582 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.082 -(.I)C(f)-6.082 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .002(starting at the)2.502 F 1.081 +(character speci\214ed by)144 398.4 R F1(of)3.581 E(fset)-.18 E F0 6.081 +(.I)C(f)-6.081 E F1(par)3.582 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.582 E F2(@)3.582 E F0 3.582(,a)C 3.582(ni)-3.582 G(nde)-3.582 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.582(da).15 -G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.581 E F2(*) -3.581 E F0 3.581(,o)C 3.581(ra)-3.581 G(n)-3.581 E(associati)144 410.4 Q +G 1.082(rray subscripted by)-3.582 F F2(@)3.582 E F0(or)3.582 E F2(*) +3.582 E F0 3.582(,o)C 3.582(ra)-3.582 G(n)-3.582 E(associati)144 410.4 Q 1.022 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .722(rray name, the results dif).15 F .722 (fer as described belo)-.25 F 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(length) -3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .043 -(substring of the v)144 422.4 R .043(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.543 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .042(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.543 F -F1(of)2.542 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .042(and e)2.542 F .042(xtending to the) --.15 F .846(end of the v)144 434.4 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0 +3.222 E F0 .722(is omitted, e)3.222 F .722(xpands to the)-.15 F .042 +(substring of the v)144 422.4 R .042(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.542 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .043(starting at the character speci\214ed by)2.542 F +F1(of)2.543 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .043(and e)2.543 F .043(xtending to the) +-.15 F .847(end of the v)144 434.4 R(alue.)-.25 E F1(length)5.846 E F0 (and)3.346 E F1(of)3.346 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .846(are arithmetic e)3.346 F -.847(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .847(ARITHMETIC EV) -3.347 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 446.4 Q -(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1(of)3.029 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 +.846(xpressions \(see)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .846(ARITHMETIC EV) +3.346 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(belo)144 446.4 Q +(w\).)-.25 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1(of)3.028 E(fset)-.18 E F0 -.25(eva)3.029 G .529(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .529 (alue is used as an of)-.25 F .529(fset in characters from the)-.25 F -.045(end of the v)144 482.4 R .045(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) +.046(end of the v)144 482.4 R .046(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.546 E(ameter) -.15 E F0 5.046(.I)C(f)-5.046 E F1(length)2.546 E F0 -.25(eva)2.546 G .046(luates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as an).25 F -(of)144 494.4 Q .203(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F -.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .202 -(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .557(the e)144 506.4 R -.557(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.057 E(fset)-.18 E -F0 .557(and that result.)3.057 F .558(Note that a ne)5.558 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .858 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .558(set must be).25 +(of)144 494.4 Q .202(fset in characters from the end of the v)-.25 F +.202(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.702 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .203 +(rather than a number of characters, and)2.702 F .558(the e)144 506.4 R +.558(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F F1(of)3.058 E(fset)-.18 E +F0 .558(and that result.)3.058 F .557(Note that a ne)5.557 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .857 -.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G .557(set must be).25 F(separated from the colon by at least one space to a)144 518.4 Q -.2 (vo)-.2 G(id being confused with the).2 E F2(:-)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(pansion.).15 E(If)144 542.4 Q F1(par)2.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.959 -E F2(@)2.959 E F0 2.959(,t)C .459(he result is)-2.959 F F1(length)2.959 -E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .458(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) -2.958 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.458(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.108 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .095(is tak)144 554.4 R .095 +(pansion.).15 E(If)144 542.4 Q F1(par)2.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)2.958 +E F2(@)2.958 E F0 2.958(,t)C .458(he result is)-2.958 F F1(length)2.959 +E F0 .459(positional parameters be)2.959 F .459(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of) +2.959 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.459(.A)C(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15 +(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.109 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .096(is tak)144 554.4 R .096 (en relati)-.1 F .396 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.596(oo).15 G .096 (ne greater than the greatest positional parameter)-2.596 F 2.596(,s)-.4 G 2.596(oa)-2.596 G 2.596(no)-2.596 G -.25(ff)-2.596 G .096(set of -1 e) -.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .096(luates to).25 F 1.322 +.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .095(luates to).25 F 1.321 (the last positional parameter)144 566.4 R 6.322(.I)-.55 G 3.822(ti) -6.322 G 3.822(sa)-3.822 G 3.822(ne)-3.822 G 1.322(xpansion error if) -3.972 F F1(length)3.822 E F0 -.25(eva)3.822 G 1.322 (luates to a number less than).25 F(zero.)144 578.4 Q(If)144 602.4 Q F1 -(par)3.013 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.013 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(par)3.014 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .514(is an inde)3.014 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.014(da).15 G .514(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the) --3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .514(members of)3.014 F 1.082 -(the array be)144 614.4 R 1.082(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.582(]}. A)B(ne)3.582 E -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.081 -(is tak)3.581 F 1.081(en relati)-.1 F 1.381 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.581(oo) -.15 G 1.081(ne greater)-3.581 F 1.079(than the maximum inde)144 626.4 R -3.579(xo)-.15 G 3.579(ft)-3.579 G 1.079(he speci\214ed array)-3.579 F -6.079(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.58(ne)-3.579 G -1.08(xpansion error if)-3.73 F F1(length)3.58 E F0 -.25(eva)3.58 G 1.08 +-3.014 F F1(length)3.014 E F0 .513(members of)3.013 F 1.081 +(the array be)144 614.4 R 1.081(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter) +-.15 E F0([)A F1(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.581(]}. A)B(ne)3.581 E -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.732 E(fset)-.18 E F0 1.082 +(is tak)3.582 F 1.082(en relati)-.1 F 1.382 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.582(oo) +.15 G 1.082(ne greater)-3.582 F 1.08(than the maximum inde)144 626.4 R +3.58(xo)-.15 G 3.58(ft)-3.58 G 1.08(he speci\214ed array)-3.58 F 6.079 +(.I)-.65 G 3.579(ti)-6.079 G 3.579(sa)-3.579 G 3.579(ne)-3.579 G 1.079 +(xpansion error if)-3.729 F F1(length)3.579 E F0 -.25(eva)3.579 G 1.079 (luates to a).25 F(number less than zero.)144 638.4 Q(Substring e)144 662.4 Q(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.931(Substring inde)144 686.4 +(rray produces unde\214ned results.).15 E 1.93(Substring inde)144 686.4 R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, i\ -n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 698.4 Q .306(xing starts at 1 by def) --.15 F 2.806(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 -(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F2($0)2.807 E F0 -.307(is pre\214x)2.807 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 710.4 Q -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(21)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +n which case the)-.15 F(inde)144 698.4 Q .307(xing starts at 1 by def) +-.15 F 2.807(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)2.807 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .307 +(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.807 F F2($0)2.806 E F0 +.306(is pre\214x)2.806 F(ed)-.15 E(to the list.)144 710.4 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(21)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 22 22 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -2876,46 +2882,46 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A -F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .085 -(Names matching pr)144 108 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.085(.E)C .084 -(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F -.084(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.584 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-) --2.584 E .257(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 120 R/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.757 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 -(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.758 E F0 .258(is used and the e)2.758 F -.258(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 132 Q +F0(})A(${)108 96 Q F1(!)A F2(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(@)A F0(})A F1 .084 +(Names matching pr)144 108 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0 5.084(.E)C .084 +(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084(ariables whose names be)-.25 F +.085(gin with)-.15 F F2(pr)2.585 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-) +-2.585 E .258(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 120 R/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.758 E F0 .257(special v)2.507 F 2.757 +(ariable. When)-.25 F F2(@)2.757 E F0 .257(is used and the e)2.757 F +.257(xpansion appears)-.15 F(within double quotes, each v)144 132 Q (ariable name e)-.25 E(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 148.8 Q F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 160.8 Q F1(!)A F2 -(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.036(List of array k)144 172.8 R(eys) +(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A F0(]})A F1 2.035(List of array k)144 172.8 R(eys) -.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)-7.036 E F2(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v) 4.536 F 2.036(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036 (xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E -.595(assigned in)144 184.8 R F2(name)3.095 E F0 5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F2 -(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 -(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .596 -(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F2(@)144 196.8 Q F0 +.596(assigned in)144 184.8 R F2(name)3.096 E F0 5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F2 +(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595 +(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F2(name)3.095 E F0 .595 +(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F2(@)144 196.8 Q F0 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k) -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 -213.6 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 225.6 S .471 -(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471 -(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par) -2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F2(par) -4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 237.6 Q F0(is)4.438 E F1(*)3.708 E F0(or) -3.708 E F1(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 +213.6 Q F1(#)A F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 225.6 S .47 +(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v) +-5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471 +(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F2(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 +237.6 Q F0(is)4.439 E F1(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F1(@)3.709 E F0 3.708 +(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If) -6.209 E F2(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F .349 +6.208 E F2(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348 (array name subscripted by)144 249.6 R F1(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F1(@) 2.849 E F0 2.849(,t)C .349(he v)-2.849 F .349 -(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.348 -(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.348 E F2(par)145.25 261.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .455 -(is an inde)3.685 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.955(da).15 G .456 -(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 --.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456 -(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 273.6 R 1.273 --.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) --3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 -3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272 --.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) +(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349 +(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F2(par)145.25 261.6 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456 +(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456 +(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455 +(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 273.6 R 1.272 +-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde) +-3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F2(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273 +-.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array) 144 285.6 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 302.4 Q F2 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(#)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 314.4 Q F2 @@ -2923,29 +2929,29 @@ G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 302.4 Q F2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F2(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F -.152(name e)144 338.4 R 2.652(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 +.151(name e)144 338.4 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152 (the pattern matches the be)2.652 F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152 -(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .151 +(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.652 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152 (hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4(the e)144 350.4 R 1.4(xpansion is the e) -.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F1 (#)A F0 -.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `) 144 362.4 R(`)-.74 E F1(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.) .74 F(If)5.281 E F2(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F1(@)2.781 E -F0(or)2.781 E F1(*)2.781 E F0 2.781(,t)C .281(he pattern)-2.781 F(remo) +F0(or)2.781 E F1(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo) 144 374.4 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .402(tant list.)144 386.4 R -(If)5.402 E F2(par)4.152 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.632 F +-3.274 F .774(xpansion is the resul-)-.15 F .401(tant list.)144 386.4 R +(If)5.401 E F2(par)4.151 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .401(is an array v)3.631 F .401(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.901 E F0(or)2.901 E F1(*) -2.901 E F0 2.901(,t)C .401(he pattern remo)-2.901 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.901 -(lo).25 G(peration)-2.901 E +2.901 E F0 2.902(,t)C .402(he pattern remo)-2.902 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.902 +(lo).25 G(peration)-2.902 E (is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 398.4 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 415.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F1(%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 427.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter) --.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 439.2 Q .346 -.1 -(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.146(.T)C(he) --5.146 E F2(wor)2.646 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .147 +-.15 E F1(%%)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F1(Remo)144 439.2 Q .347 -.1 +(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0 5.147(.T)C(he) +-5.147 E F2(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname)-.15 F -.15(ex)144 451.2 S 3.088(pansion. If).15 F .588 (the pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)3.088 F .588(xpanded v) @@ -2954,59 +2960,59 @@ G .588(hen the)-3.088 F .226(result of the e)144 463.2 R .226 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .226(xpanded v)-.15 F .226(alue of)-.25 F F2 (par)3.976 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .226 (with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F -.74(``)144 475.2 S F1 -(%).74 E F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042 +(%).74 E F0 1.521 -.74('' c)D .042 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F1(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E F2(par)3.792 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F1(@)2.541 E F0(or)2.541 E F1(*)2.541 E F0 -2.541(,t)C(he)-2.541 E .44(pattern remo)144 487.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.94 -(lo).25 G .441 +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.272 E F1(@)2.542 E F0(or)2.542 E F1(*)2.542 E F0 +2.542(,t)C(he)-2.542 E .441(pattern remo)144 487.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G +2.941(lo).25 G .441 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e) --2.94 F .441(xpansion is the)-.15 F .241(resultant list.)144 499.2 R(If) -5.241 E F2(par)3.991 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .241(is an array v)3.471 F .241 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.74 E F1(*)2.74 E -F0 2.74(,t)C .24(he pattern remo)-2.74 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.74(lo).25 G -(per)-2.74 E(-)-.2 E +-2.941 F .44(xpansion is the)-.15 F .24(resultant list.)144 499.2 R(If) +5.24 E F2(par)3.99 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .24(is an array v)3.47 F .241 +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)2.741 E F0(or)2.741 E F1(*)2.741 E +F0 2.741(,t)C .241(he pattern remo)-2.741 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.741(lo).25 +G(per)-2.741 E(-)-.2 E (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 511.2 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 528 Q F2(par)A (ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa) -144 540 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E F0 6.106(.T)C -(he)-6.106 E F2(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107 +144 540 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607 E F0 6.107(.T)C +(he)-6.107 E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F 1.106 (xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E -(sion.)144 552 Q F2 -.8(Pa)6.034 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.034 -(is e)3.534 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern) -3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.033(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.033 -(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2(string)144 564 Q F0 5.16(.I)C(f)-5.16 E -F2(pattern)2.66 E F0(be)2.66 E .16(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.66 E F0 2.66 -(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.66 F F2(pattern)2.661 E F0 .161 -(are replaced with)2.661 F F2(string)2.661 E F0 5.161(.N)C .161 -(ormally only the)-5.161 F .807(\214rst match is replaced.)144 576 R(If) -5.807 E F2(pattern)3.307 E F0(be)3.307 E .807(gins with)-.15 F F1(#) -3.307 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.306(tm)-3.306 G .806(ust match at the be)-3.306 -F .806(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 588 S .62 -(lue of).25 F F2(par)3.12 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.62(.I)C(f)-5.62 E F2 -(pattern)3.12 E F0(be)3.12 E .62(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.12 E F0 3.12 -(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.12 G .621(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F .621 -(xpanded v)-.15 F .621(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 600 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 -6.254(.I)C(f)-6.254 E F2(string)3.754 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) +(sion.)144 552 Q F2 -.8(Pa)6.033 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.033 +(is e)3.533 F 1.033(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern) +3.533 E F0(ag)3.533 E 1.034(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.034 +(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2(string)144 564 Q F0 5.161(.I)C(f)-5.161 +E F2(pattern)2.661 E F0(be)2.661 E .161(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.661 E F0 +2.661(,a)C .161(ll matches of)-2.661 F F2(pattern)2.661 E F0 .16 +(are replaced with)2.661 F F2(string)2.66 E F0 5.16(.N)C .16 +(ormally only the)-5.16 F .806(\214rst match is replaced.)144 576 R(If) +5.806 E F2(pattern)3.306 E F0(be)3.306 E .806(gins with)-.15 F F1(#) +3.306 E F0 3.306(,i)C 3.307(tm)-3.306 G .807(ust match at the be)-3.307 +F .807(ginning of the e)-.15 F(xpanded)-.15 E -.25(va)144 588 S .621 +(lue of).25 F F2(par)3.121 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.621(.I)C(f)-5.621 E F2 +(pattern)3.121 E F0(be)3.121 E .621(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.121 E F0 +3.121(,i)C 3.121(tm)-3.121 G .62(ust match at the end of the e)-3.121 F +.62(xpanded v)-.15 F .62(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 600 Q(ameter)-.15 E +F0 6.253(.I)C(f)-6.253 E F2(string)3.753 E F0 1.253(is null, matches of) 3.753 F F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F1(/) -3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(may be) -3.753 F 2.731(omitted. If)144 612 R(the)2.731 E F1(nocasematch)2.731 E -F0 .231(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.731 -F -.05(ga)-.15 G .232(rd to the).05 F .188 -(case of alphabetic characters.)144 624 R(If)5.188 E F2(par)3.938 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.418 E F1(@)2.688 E F0(or)2.688 E F1(*)2.687 E F0 -2.687(,t)C .187(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.687 F -.445(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 636 R .446 -(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.446 E F2(par)4.196 E -(ameter)-.15 E F0 .446(is an array v)3.676 F(ari-)-.25 E .463 -(able subscripted with)144 648 R F1(@)2.963 E F0(or)2.963 E F1(*)2.963 E -F0 2.963(,t)C .462 +3.753 E F0(follo)3.753 E(wing)-.25 E F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.254(may be) +3.754 F 2.732(omitted. If)144 612 R(the)2.732 E F1(nocasematch)2.732 E +F0 .231(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.732 +F -.05(ga)-.15 G .231(rd to the).05 F .187 +(case of alphabetic characters.)144 624 R(If)5.187 E F2(par)3.937 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.417 E F1(@)2.687 E F0(or)2.687 E F1(*)2.688 E F0 +2.688(,t)C .188(he substitution operation is applied to each)-2.688 F +.446(positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 636 R .446 +(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.445 E F2(par)4.195 E +(ameter)-.15 E F0 .445(is an array v)3.675 F(ari-)-.25 E .462 +(able subscripted with)144 648 R F1(@)2.962 E F0(or)2.962 E F1(*)2.962 E +F0 2.962(,t)C .463 (he substitution operation is applied to each member of the array in) --2.963 F(turn, and the e)144 660 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 +-2.962 F(turn, and the e)144 660 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 676.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${) 108 688.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 700.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(22)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(22)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 23 23 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3014,14 +3020,14 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(${)108 84 Q/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(par)A(ameter)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(,,)A F1 -(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)144 96 R F0 5.437(.T)C -.437(his e)-5.437 F .438 +(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .438(Case modi\214cation)144 96 R F0 5.438(.T)C +.438(his e)-5.438 F .437 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par) -2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 108 Q F0 -1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407 -(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906 -(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 120 S -1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E +2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 108 Q F0 +1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407 +(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907 +(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 120 S +1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 (,a)C 1.232(nd, if it matches the pattern, its case is)-3.732 F(con)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424 @@ -3030,147 +3036,147 @@ F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732 -.15(ve)144 144 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F -1.548(letters to lo)144 156 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 +1.547(letters to lo)144 156 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E F0 (and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded) --.15 E -.25(va)144 168 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133 E -F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634 -(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 180 Q F0 .78 +-.15 E -.25(va)144 168 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134 E +F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15 +(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633 +(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 180 Q F0 .78 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\ n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 192 R -(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 204 R(If)5.469 E F1 +(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 204 R(If)5.468 E F1 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468 -(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E -F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\ +(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E +F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\ ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 216 Q (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 232.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter) -.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 244.8 S .86 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F -F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 256.8 R F1 -(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F -.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153 -E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144 -268.8 Q F2(Q)144 292.8 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 292.8 R 1.064 +F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 256.8 R F1 +(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F +.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154 +E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144 +268.8 Q F2(Q)144 292.8 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 292.8 R 1.065 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par) -3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F -(reused as input.)180 304.8 Q F2(E)144 316.8 Q F0 .441(The e)180 316.8 R +3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F +(reused as input.)180 304.8 Q F2(E)144 316.8 Q F0 .44(The e)180 316.8 R .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F --.15(ex)180 328.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0 -(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F2(P)144 340.8 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 340.8 R +(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941 +F -.15(ex)180 328.8 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E +F0(quoting mechansim.)2.5 E F2(P)144 340.8 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 340.8 R 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 352.8 Q F2(PR) -2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 364.8 Q F0 .3 -(The e)180 364.8 R .3(xpansion is a string in the form of a)-.15 F F2 -(declar)2.799 E(e)-.18 E F0 .299(command that, if e)2.799 F -.25(va)-.25 -G .299(luated, will recre-).25 F(ate)180 376.8 Q F1(par)2.5 E(ameter) --.15 E F0(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 -388.8 Q F0(The e)180 388.8 Q -(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E(alues representing) --.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D(ttrib).55 E(utes.) --.2 E(If)144 405.6 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 -E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581 +2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 364.8 Q F0 .299 +(The e)180 364.8 R .299(xpansion is a string in the form of a)-.15 F F2 +(declar)2.799 E(e)-.18 E F0 .3(command that, if e)2.8 F -.25(va)-.25 G +.3(luated, will recre-).25 F(ate)180 376.8 Q F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E +F0(with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 388.8 Q +F0(The e)180 388.8 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E +(alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D +(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 405.6 Q F1(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 +(is)4.811 E F2(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F2(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the) --4.08 F -.15(ex)144 417.6 S .347(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F -(If)5.347 E F1(par)4.097 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.577 F -.346(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.846 E F0(or)2.846 E F2(*) -2.846 E F0 2.846(,t)C .346(he case)-2.846 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ +-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 417.6 S .346(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F +(If)5.346 E F1(par)4.096 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an array v)3.576 F +.347(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.847 E F0(or)2.847 E F2(*) +2.847 E F0 2.847(,t)C .347(he case)-2.847 F 1.204(modi\214cation operat\ ion is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 429.6 -R 1.204(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 441.6 Q 1.85 +R 1.203(xpansion is the)-.15 F(resultant list.)144 441.6 Q 1.849 (The result of the e)144 465.6 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F -1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described) --.15 F(belo)144 477.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 494.4 -Q F1 1.697(Command substitution)108 506.4 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697 -(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698 -(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 518.4 Q F2($\()144 535.2 Q F1 +1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15 +F(belo)144 477.6 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 494.4 Q F1 +1.698(Command substitution)108 506.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697 +(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697 +(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 518.4 Q F2($\()144 535.2 Q F1 (command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 547.2 Q F2<92>144 559.2 Q F1(command) -A F2<92>A(Bash)108 576 Q F0 .02(performs the e)2.52 F .02(xpansion by e) --.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 .019 -(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 +A F2<92>A(Bash)108 576 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019 +(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.519 E F0 +.02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768 (dard output of the command, with an)108 588 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768 (railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768 -F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 600 Q 3.219(ym) --.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719 -(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 +F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 600 Q 3.218(ym) +-.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719 +(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719 (The command substitution)5.719 F F2($\(cat)3.219 E F1(\214le)3.219 E F2 -(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 612 Q -.25(va)-.25 +(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 612 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\ used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 628.8 R(xcept)-.15 E -.315(when follo)108 640.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.815 E F0(,)A F2 -<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F2(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\ +.314(when follo)108 640.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2 +<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\ e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \ -sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 652.8 R 1.386(using the $\() -3.886 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387 -(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G -3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F +sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 652.8 R 1.387(using the $\() +3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386 +(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G +3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F (mand; none are treated specially)108 664.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894 (Command substitutions may be nested.)108 681.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F (quotes with backslashes.)108 693.6 Q .422 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 710.4 R .422 -(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15 -F(on the results.)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 -E(23)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15 +F(on the results.)108 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) +142.895 E(23)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 24 24 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.035(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.035 -(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 -(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034 +SF(Arithmetic Expansion)87 84 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 96 R 1.034 +(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034 +(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F (The format for arithmetic e)108 108 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()144 124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A -F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 -(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166 -(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231 -(treated specially)108 153.6 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231 +F0(The)108 141.6 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0 .165 +(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165 +(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23 +(treated specially)108 153.6 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v) --.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059 -(tution, and quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F -1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F --.15(ex)108 177.6 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 194.4 +-.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06 +(tution, and quote remo)108 165.6 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F +1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F +-.15(ex)108 177.6 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 194.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu) -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 -(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 206.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E +(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 206.4 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f) 2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 223.2 Q -(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 235.2 Q .97(ocess substitution)-.45 -F F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F2 -(FIFOs)A F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F1(/de)3.471 E -(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 -247.2 R .021(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2 -(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E -F0 5.021(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 -(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 259.2 -R F2(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) +(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 235.2 Q .971(ocess substitution) +-.45 F F0 .971(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 +F F2(FIFOs)A F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F1(/de)3.47 E +(v/fd)-.15 E F0 .97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 247.2 +R .021(It tak)5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F1(<\()2.521 E F2(list)A +F1(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(>\()2.521 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 +5.021(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F2(list)2.521 E F0 .021 +(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 259.2 +R F2(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F1(/de)2.558 E(v/fd) -.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar) --5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131 -(mand as the result of the e)108 271.2 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) +-5.058 F .058(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13 +(mand as the result of the e)108 271.2 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the) 2.63 E F1(>\()2.63 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .13 -(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for) --.15 F F2(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 283.2 Q F1(<\()2.5 E F2(list)A -F1(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E +(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131 +(vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 283.2 Q F1(<\() +2.5 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 +(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 -(.)A .896(When a)108 300 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\ -ion is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .897 +(.)A .897(When a)108 300 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substitut\ +ion is performed simultaneously with parameter and v).25 F .896 (ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 312 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 --.75(Wo)87 328.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143 -(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 340.8 R 1.142 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142 +-.75(Wo)87 328.8 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142 +(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 340.8 R 1.143 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 352.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (The shell treats each character of)108 369.6 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063 @@ -3178,110 +3184,110 @@ F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w) -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.) 108 381.6 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F -.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0 -(,)A .836(the def)108 393.6 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 -(<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1 -(<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837 -(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 405.6 R .345 +.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.708 E F0 +(,)A .837(the def)108 393.6 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1 +(<space>)3.337 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1 +(<newline>)3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836 +(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 405.6 R .345 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es) --.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 417.6 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736 -E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237 +-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 417.6 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737 +E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108 -429.6 Q F0(and)3.187 E F1(tab)3.187 E F0 .687(are ignored at the be) -3.187 F .687(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .686 -(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in)-.1 F .276(the v)108 -441.6 R .276(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.777 E F0(\(an)2.527 E F3(IFS)2.777 +429.6 Q F0(and)3.186 E F1(tab)3.186 E F0 .686(are ignored at the be) +3.186 F .686(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .687 +(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in)-.1 F .277(the v)108 +441.6 R .277(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)2.777 E F0(\(an)2.527 E F3(IFS)2.777 E F0 .277(whitespace character\).)2.527 F(An)5.277 E 2.777(yc)-.15 G .277(haracter in)-2.777 F F3(IFS)2.777 E F0 .277(that is not)2.527 F F3 -(IFS)2.777 E F0 .277(whitespace, along with)2.527 F(an)108 453.6 Q 3.336 -(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-3.336 E F3(IFS)3.336 E F0 .836 -(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)3.086 F 3.335(As)5.835 G -.835(equence of)-3.335 F F3(IFS)3.335 E F0 .835 -(whitespace characters is also)3.085 F(treated as a delimiter)108 465.6 +(IFS)2.777 E F0 .276(whitespace, along with)2.527 F(an)108 453.6 Q 3.335 +(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-3.335 E F3(IFS)3.335 E F0 .835 +(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)3.085 F 3.336(As)5.835 G +.836(equence of)-3.336 F F3(IFS)3.336 E F0 .836 +(whitespace characters is also)3.086 F(treated as a delimiter)108 465.6 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E F0 -(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878 -(Explicit null ar)108 482.4 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G +(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879 +(Explicit null ar)108 482.4 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F1 .833("").833 G F0(or)3.545 E F1 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.) --4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879 -(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 494.4 S .177 -(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G -.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap) -2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176 +-4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.878 +(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 494.4 S .176 +(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .476 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.676(ov).15 G +.176(alues, are remo)-2.926 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.677(ap) +2.677 G .177(arameter with no v)-2.677 F .177(alue is e)-.25 F .177 (xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 506.4 Q (gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 523.2 Q (xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 540 S -(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 552 R .37 -(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37 -(option has been set,)2.87 F F1(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F -.371(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.871 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.871 E F0 -2.871(,a)C(nd)-2.871 E F1([)2.871 E F0(.)A .678 +(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 552 R .371 +(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371 +(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F +.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F1(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F1(?)2.87 E F0 2.87 +(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F1([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677 (If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 564 R .677 (ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F2(pattern)3.177 E -F0 3.177(,a).24 G .677(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 +F0 3.177(,a).24 G .678(nd replaced with an alphabeti-)-3.177 F .562 (cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 576 R F3 -.09(Pa)3.062 G(tter).09 E 2.812(nM)-.135 G(atching)-2.812 E F0(belo) -2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .562(no matching \214lenames)3.062 F .009 -(are found, and the shell option)108 588 R F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008 -(is not enabled, the w)2.509 F .008(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .008 -(If the)5.008 F F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(option is)2.508 F .442 -(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 600 R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F --.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F1(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443 -(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 F 1.38 +2.812 E 3.062(w\). If)-.25 F .561(no matching \214lenames)3.061 F .008 +(are found, and the shell option)108 588 R F1(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008 +(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F .009 +(If the)5.009 F F1(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443 +(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 600 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F1(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442 +(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38 (found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F1 -(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103 +(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104 (enabled, the match is performed without re)108 624 R -.05(ga)-.15 G -.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104 -(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 636 R .378 +.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103 +(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 636 R .377 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 -E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377 -(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 648 R(xplicitly)-.15 E -3.078(,u)-.65 G .578(nless the shell option)-3.078 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E -F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .579 -(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108 +E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378 +(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .579(matched e)108 648 R(xplicitly)-.15 E +3.079(,u)-.65 G .579(nless the shell option)-3.079 F F1(dotglob)3.079 E +F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .578 +(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.788(must al)108 660 R -.1(wa)-.1 G 1.788(ys be matched e).1 F(xplicitly)-.15 E 6.788(.I) -.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)4.288 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 1.788(character is not treated specially) -6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 -672 R F1(shopt)2.665 E F0(belo)2.665 E 2.665(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.665 E F3 -.165(SHELL B)2.665 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .166 -(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(null-) -2.666 E(glob)108 684 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 +6.788 F 6.789(.S)-.65 G 1.789(ee the)-6.789 F .166(description of)108 +672 R F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(belo)2.666 E 2.666(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.666 E F3 +.166(SHELL B)2.666 F(UIL)-.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .165 +(for a description of the)2.415 F F1(nocaseglob)2.665 E F0(,)A F1(null-) +2.665 E(glob)108 684 Q F0(,)A F1(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1 (dotglob)2.5 E F0(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 700.8 Q F3(GLOBIGNORE) -2.786 E F0 .286(shell v)2.536 F .285 +2.785 E F0 .285(shell v)2.535 F .285 (ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214lenames matching a)-.25 -F F2(pattern)2.785 E F0 5.285(.I).24 G(f)-5.285 E F3(GLO-)2.785 E +F F2(pattern)2.786 E F0 5.286(.I).24 G(f)-5.286 E F3(GLO-)2.786 E (BIGNORE)108 712.8 Q F0 2.316(is set, each matching \214lename that als\ -o matches one of the patterns in)4.565 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.816 E F0(is) -4.566 E(remo)108 724.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.915(df).15 G 1.415 -(rom the list of matches.)-3.915 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) -3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.414 -(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 -E(24)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +o matches one of the patterns in)4.566 F F3(GLOBIGNORE)4.816 E F0(is) +4.565 E(remo)108 724.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.914(df).15 G 1.414 +(rom the list of matches.)-3.914 F 1.415(If the)6.415 F F1(nocaseglob) +3.915 E F0 1.415(option is set, the matching ag)3.915 F 1.415 +(ainst the patterns in)-.05 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) +142.895 E(24)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 25 25 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 84 Q F0 .146(is performed without re)2.396 F -.05(ga) --.15 G .146(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.147 E -F2 -.63(``)2.647 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .147(are al)5.777 F -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .147(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 .827 +SF(GLOBIGNORE)108 84 Q F0 .147(is performed without re)2.397 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G .147(rd to case.).05 F .146(The \214lenames)5.146 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF -.63(``)2.646 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.146 E +F2 -.63(``)2.646 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0 .146(are al)5.776 F -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .146(ys ignored when).1 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 .827 (is set and not null.)3.077 F(Ho)5.827 E(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.627 -.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.327 E F0 .827 (to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)-.25 F -.682(enabling the)108 108 R F2(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682 -(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a) +.683(enabling the)108 108 R F2(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682 +(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a) -.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.) -5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 120 Q 1.185 -(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F F2 +5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 120 Q 1.184 +(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F F2 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)-.1 E -F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184(one of the patterns in) -6.184 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 132 Q +F2 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185(one of the patterns in) +6.185 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(The)108 132 Q F2(dotglob)2.5 E F0(option is disabled when)2.5 E F1(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is unset.)2.25 E F2 -.1(Pa)108 148.8 S(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching) -2.5 E F0(An)108 165.6 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(haracter that appears in \ @@ -3293,10 +3299,10 @@ R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G (The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya) -.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 201.6 Q(.)-.65 E (The special pattern characters ha)108 218.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H -(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2(*)144 235.2 Q F0 .377 -(Matches an)180 235.2 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376 -(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F2 -(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 247.2 +(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2(*)144 235.2 Q F0 .376 +(Matches an)180 235.2 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376 +(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F2 +(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 247.2 Q F2(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775 (xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F2(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 @@ -3305,60 +3311,61 @@ E F2(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058 F0(,)A(tw)180 271.2 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C (ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F2(?)144 283.2 Q F0(Matches an)180 283.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E -F2([...])144 295.2 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 295.2 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578 -(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579 -(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685 -(denotes a)180 307.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E +F2([...])144 295.2 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 295.2 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579 +(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578 +(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684 +(denotes a)180 307.2 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c) -3.184 H .684(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F -3.184(oc)-.1 G .684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 319.2 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.712(,u).15 G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc) +3.185(oc)-.1 G .685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 319.2 Q -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.713(,u).15 G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc) -.55 G 1.212(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F -1.213(If the)6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 331.2 R 1.124 -(wing the)-.25 F F2([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F2(!)3.624 E F0 -1.124(or a)6.124 F F2(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G -1.123(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894 -(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 343.2 R .895 -(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v) -180 355.2 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 +1.212(If the)6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 331.2 R 1.123 +(wing the)-.25 F F2([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F2(!)3.623 E F0 +1.124(or a)6.123 F F2(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G +1.124(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895 +(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 343.2 R .894 +(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v) +180 355.2 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0 (or)2.625 E F1(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375 -(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8 -F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 367.2 R .067 -(xpressions, where)-.15 F F2([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F --.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068 -(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 379.2 R F2(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0 -.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F2(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C +(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8 +F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 367.2 R .068 +(xpressions, where)-.15 F F2([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F +-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F2([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067 +(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 379.2 R F2(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0 +.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F2(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C 2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F2(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0 -.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F2<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\ +.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F2<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\ be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.) -180 391.2 R(A)5.193 E F2(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F +180 391.2 R(A)5.193 E F2(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F (including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 403.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 421.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F2(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 --.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F2([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F2 -(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo) -180 433.2 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F2 -8.173(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 445.2 R 8.173 +180 421.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F2(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 +-.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F2([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F2 +(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)3.071 E F0 +(is one of the follo)180 433.2 Q +(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F2 8.173 +(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 445.2 R 8.173 (wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 457.2 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0 -4.29(Ac)180 469.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc) +4.289(Ac)180 469.2 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc) -.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F2 --.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E +-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 481.2 Q -.4(Wi) -180 499.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F2(])4.536 E F0 4.536 -(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037 -(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F2([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F2(=]) -A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ +180 499.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F2(])4.537 E F0 4.537 +(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036 +(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F2([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F2(=]) +A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 511.2 R (the character)180 523.2 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 541.2 S(thin).4 E F2([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F2([.) 2.5 E F4(symbol)A F2(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4 -(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 558 R F2(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705 -(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705 -(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108 570 -R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 +(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 558 R F2(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705 +(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F2(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704 +(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108 570 +R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255 -(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.755 E +(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.756 E F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo) 108 582 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 606 Q F4(pattern-list) .833 E F2(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 618 @@ -3372,18 +3379,18 @@ E F2(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 690 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np) .15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(!\()144 702 Q F4(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 714 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(25)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(25)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 26 26 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 -(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.112 +SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113 +(After the preceding e)108 96 R 1.113 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\) -3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0 -1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 +3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0 +1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 108 Q .3 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F2 10.95 /Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 124.8 Q F0 .545(Before a command is e) 108 136.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F @@ -3391,41 +3398,41 @@ SF(Quote Remo)87 84 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112 (using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405(by the shell.)108 148.8 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws commands' \214le handles \ to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)-.25 F(dif)108 160.8 -Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads fro\ -m and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215 +Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les the command reads fr\ +om and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215 (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 172.8 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E -.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108 -184.8 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 -.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G -.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 196.8 Q 2.5 +.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108 +184.8 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0 +.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G +.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 196.8 Q 2.5 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\ h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\ -stead be preceded by a w)108 213.6 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {) +stead be preceded by a w)108 213.6 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {) 108 225.6 R F3(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293 -(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 237.6 -S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 -F F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 +(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 237.6 S +.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F +F3(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F3(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 249.6 Q F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F3(varname)2.5 E F0 -(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108 -266.4 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ -ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512 +(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108 +266.4 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\ +ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513 (ion operator is)108 278.4 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).) -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F (redirection operator is)108 290.4 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).) --2.5 E .825(The w)108 307.2 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824 -(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824 -(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462 -(jected to brace e)108 319.2 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463 -(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 331.2 R -.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F +-2.5 E .824(The w)108 307.2 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824 +(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825 +(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463 +(jected to brace e)108 319.2 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462 +(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 331.2 R +.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867 -F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 343.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 +F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 343.2 S(rd,).1 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 360 Q -.15 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 376.8 Q F1(>)2.5 @@ -3437,9 +3444,9 @@ Q F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F (output before the standard output w)108 439.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E -F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 456 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) --.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F +F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 456 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) +-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F (wing)-.25 E(table:)108 468 Q F1(/de)144 484.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F3(fd)A F0 (If)180 496.8 Q F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F3(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E @@ -3448,21 +3455,21 @@ F1(/de)144 508.8 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) (File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 544.8 Q F1(/de)144 556.8 Q (v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 568.8 Q F1(/de) 144 580.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 592.8 Q -F3(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +F3(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 +(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 604.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 616.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F3(host)A F1(/)A F3(port)A F0(If)180 628.8 Q F3 -(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.996 E F0 .496 -(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F3(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (vice name,)180 640.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 657.6 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 674.4 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 674.4 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 686.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 703.2 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) @@ -3470,8 +3477,8 @@ an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 674.4 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 (to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 727.2 Q F3 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F3(n)2.86 E F0 -(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E -(26)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 +E(26)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3480,42 +3487,42 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)A F1(wor)A(d) --.37 E F2(Redir)87 117.6 Q(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174 +-.37 E F2(Redir)87 117.6 Q(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 129.6 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 141.6 -R F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F +108 129.6 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 141.6 +R F1(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F1(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F -.15(ex)108 153.6 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 170.4 Q([)144 187.2 Q -F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 204 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 216 R .658 +F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 204 R F2(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F2(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F2(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 216 R .657 (ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658(xpansion of) --.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657(ists and is a re) -.15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)5.657 F .408 +-.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658(ists and is a re) +.15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)5.658 F .409 (rection operator is)108 228 R F2(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt) -2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E F0 .409 (and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409(option to the)2.909 -F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409(iltin command).2 F +F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408(iltin command).2 F (is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 240 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 256.8 S(pending Redir).25 E -(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642(Redirection of output in this f)108 268.8 R -.642(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 280.8 R F1(n)2.973 E F0 +(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641(Redirection of output in this f)108 268.8 R +.642(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 280.8 R F1(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.334 E F0 -.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.333 E F0 +.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 292.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E (The general format for appending output is:)108 309.6 Q([)144 326.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 343.2 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 (This construct allo)108 355.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3526,13 +3533,13 @@ F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 343.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 441.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 458.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 475.2 R F1(wor) +E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 475.2 R F1(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F2<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G -.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 487.2 Q +-.15 F F2<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 487.2 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 504 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 (This construct allo)108 516 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F (tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 528 Q @@ -3544,38 +3551,38 @@ e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F 612 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 (Her)87 628.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\ ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \ -a line containing only)108 640.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 652.8 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 +a line containing only)108 640.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 652.8 Q F0 .614 +(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 664.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E (The format of here-documents is:)108 681.6 Q([)144 698.4 Q F1(n)A F0(]) A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 710.4 Q (e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 722.4 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(27)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(27)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .301 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .302 (No parameter and v)108 84 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 -(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .226(is performed on)108 -96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.726 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.226(.I).77 G -2.726(fa)-5.226 G .526 -.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F1 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 +(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .225(is performed on)108 +96 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.725 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.225(.I).77 G +2.726(fa)-5.225 G .526 -.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F1 (wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 .226(are quoted, the)3.496 F F1(delimiter)3.076 -E F0 .225(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.725(lo) -.25 G(n)-2.725 E F1(wor)108 108 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.714(,a).77 G .214 -(nd the lines in the here-document are not e)-2.714 F 2.714(xpanded. If) --.15 F F1(wor)2.715 E(d)-.37 E F0 .215 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.715 F .499 +E F0 .226(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.726(lo) +.25 G(n)-2.726 E F1(wor)108 108 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.715(,a).77 G .215 +(nd the lines in the here-document are not e)-2.715 F 2.714(xpanded. If) +-.15 F F1(wor)2.714 E(d)-.37 E F0 .214 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.714 F .499 (ment are subjected to parameter e)108 120 R .499 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .499 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .5 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 132 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF (\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 (If the redirection operator is)108 148.8 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 160.8 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 @@ -3584,59 +3591,59 @@ E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 177.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5(Av)108 189.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) 144 206.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<<<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 223.2 Q -F1(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 -(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393 -(ariable e)-.25 F .393(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147 -(tution, arithmetic e)108 235.2 R 2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +F1(wor)2.893 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.893 E .393(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 +(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .394 +(ariable e)-.25 F .394(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.148 +(tution, arithmetic e)108 235.2 R 2.148(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F 2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148 -(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E +(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.147(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E 2.574(formed. The)108 247.2 R .074(result is supplied as a single strin\ g to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descriptor)2.574 F F1 (n)2.574 E F0(if)2.574 E F1(n)108 259.2 Q F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F2 (Duplicating File Descriptors)87 276 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 -288 Q([)144 304.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 +288 Q([)144 304.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 321.6 R(If)5.127 E -F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -333.6 Q F1(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 345.6 R(If)5.149 E F1(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F1(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 357.6 Q +333.6 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 345.6 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor) +2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.65 E F0 +2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149 +(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,) +2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 357.6 Q (The operator)108 374.4 Q([)144 391.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A -(d)-.37 E F0 .444 +(d)-.37 E F0 .443 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 408 R(If) -5.444 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 420 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F1(wor)4.197 -E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ - a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 432 R F1(wor)3.094 E -(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.754 E F0 +5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 420 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor)4.198 +E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output,\ + a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 432 R F1(wor)3.093 E +(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F1(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F1(n)2.754 E F0 -.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E -.965(not e)108 444 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad> -3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F1(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E +.966(not e)108 444 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad> +3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) -3.466 F(pre)108 456 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 472.8 Q (ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 484.8 Q([) 144 501.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 518.4 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1 -(digit)3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 -3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 -.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 530.4 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F1 +(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F1(n)3.035 E F0 +3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 +.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 530.4 Q F1(digit)5 E F0 (is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) 108 547.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 564 Q F1 (n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 580.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1(digit)2.785 E F0 -.285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785 -(rt)-2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F -F1(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 592.8 Q F2 +2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 +.286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786 +(rt)-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F +F1(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 592.8 Q F2 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 609.6 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 (The redirection operator)108 621.6 Q([)144 638.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 @@ -3645,43 +3652,43 @@ A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 108 667.2 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 684 Q F1(Aliases)108 696 Q F0(allo)3.173 E -3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 684 Q F1(Aliases)108 696 Q F0(allo)3.174 E +3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 708 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 -(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 720 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E -1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(28)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 708 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 720 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 +F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(28)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(check)108 84 Q -.473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473(If so, that w)5.473 F .472 -(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472 -(The characters)5.472 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/)2.972 E F0(,)A F1($) -2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 96 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0 1.111 -(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)-3.611 +.472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472(If so, that w)5.472 F .473 +(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473 +(The characters)5.473 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(/)2.973 E F0(,)A F1($) +2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 96 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0 1.112 +(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)-3.612 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E -F0 1.112(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H -1.112(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 108 R 1.12 -(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 120 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 F -.513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 132 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 144 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 -(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) --3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 156 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +F0 1.112(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H +1.111(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 108 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 120 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 F +.514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 132 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 144 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 +(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 156 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 172.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1 @@ -3696,124 +3703,124 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 172.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 230.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F3 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 +E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -247.2 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 +247.2 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1 +(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 (one complete line of input before e)108 259.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 271.2 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 271.2 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 (another command does not tak)108 283.2 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 +1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 (alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 295.2 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 -307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 +307.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 319.2 R .612 +n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 319.2 R .613 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 331.2 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 331.2 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 343.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 360 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 376.8 Q F0 3.468(As)108 388.8 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 376.8 Q F0 3.467(As)108 388.8 S .967 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 400.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 400.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 (mands associated with that function name is e)108 412.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 -G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 -(shell; no ne)108 424.8 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 436.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 424.8 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 +F .639(function is e)108 436.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 448.8 -R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F -.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 460.8 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 448.8 +R F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 460.8 Q F3(FUNCN)2.5 E (AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 477.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 489.6 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.714 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F1(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F1(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 501.6 S(IL) -.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 489.6 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F3(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F1(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F1(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F3(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 501.6 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 513.6 R F3(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F1(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 513.6 R F3(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 525.6 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 525.6 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F3(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 537.6 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 554.4 S .655 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 554.4 S .656 (riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 566.4 Q +3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E +3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v)108 566.4 Q (alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(The)108 583.2 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 +(The)108 583.2 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 595.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 612 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 612 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 624 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 624 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 636 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 636 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) 108 648 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5 (yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 -G(cution.).15 E 1.359 +G(cution.).15 E 1.358 (Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 664.8 R F1 <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F +F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F 3.39(mands. The)108 676.8 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 688.8 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 700.8 R -1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.797 E -F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 -(deleted using the)108 712.8 R F1<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the) -2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 -F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 -724.8 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(29) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.326(\214le and line number)108 688.8 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 700.8 R +1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.798 E +F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 +(deleted using the)108 712.8 R F1<ad66>2.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 +F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) +-.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) +108 724.8 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G +3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15) +142.895 E(29)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(should be tak)108 -84 Q(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 +84 Q(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 (Functions may be recursi)108 100.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) -5.371 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 @@ -3821,20 +3828,20 @@ BP 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 (ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -141.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 +141.6 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297 (The shell allo)108 153.6 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 (xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 -(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 165.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205 -(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705 -(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15 -F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G -.428(he operators and their prece-)-5.428 F 1.919(dence, associati)108 -189.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.419(,a)-.65 G 1.919(nd v)-4.419 F 1.919 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F -1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 201.6 Q -.15 +(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.798 E F0 +(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 165.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.706 G .206 +(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .206(Arithmetic Expansion)2.706 F F0 2.705 +(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .205(ed-width inte)-.15 +F .205(gers with no)-.15 F .428(check for o)108 177.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +(r\215o).15 E 1.728 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .428(hough di).65 F .428 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.429(.T)-.55 G +.429(he operators and their prece-)-5.429 F 1.92(dence, associati)108 +189.6 R(vity)-.25 E 4.42(,a)-.65 G 1.92(nd v)-4.42 F 1.92 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.919(The follo)6.919 F +1.919(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 201.6 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(ls are listed in order of decreasing precedence.).15 E/F3 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 218.4 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25 @@ -3860,78 +3867,77 @@ F0(bitwise e)144 386.4 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) (Shell v)108 511.2 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 (wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 523.2 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 523.2 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 535.2 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G -1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466 -(using the parameter e)108 547.2 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 535.2 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G +1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) +-.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 +(using the parameter e)108 547.2 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 (when it is referenced, or when a v)108 559.2 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) --3.889 E F3(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.889 E 1.389 -(ute using)-.2 F F1(declar)3.889 E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is) -3.889 E .332(assigned a v)108 571.2 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v) -2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832 -(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 --.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 583.2 Q -(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 -(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 600 R -3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 612 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 -(he form [)-2.612 F F3(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F3(base) -2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 624 R F3(n)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F3(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108 636 -R F3(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 -(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 -(@, and _, in that order)108 648 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F3(base) -3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 +E F3(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 +F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E .333 +(assigned a v)108 571.2 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332 +(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G +.332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 +H(ts).15 E F3(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .332 +(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 583.2 Q(xpression.)-.15 E +1.406(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 +600 R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F +(xadecimal.)-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 612 R 2.613(et)-.1 G +.113(he form [)-2.613 F F3(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F3 +(base)2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 624 R F3(n)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F3(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 636 +R F3(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 +(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 +(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 +(@, and _, in that order)108 648 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F3(base) +3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 660 Q .234 -(Operators are e)108 676.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 660 Q .235 +(Operators are e)108 676.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 688.8 S (rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F2 -(CONDITION)72 705.6 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256(Conditional e)108 -717.6 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[)2.755 E F0 .255 +(CONDITION)72 705.6 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255(Conditional e)108 +717.6 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F1([[)2.755 E F0 .255 (compound command and the)2.755 F F1(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F1([) -2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F .77 +2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256(iltin commands to test).2 F .77 (\214le attrib)108 729.6 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 (Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(30)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(30)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.041 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 84 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.54 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 96 Q -F1(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. 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If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E +F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 (gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F1 +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F1 (/de)108 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 124.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +108 124.8 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) -3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 136.8 -Q 1.095(When used with)108 154.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)3.595 E F0 -3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095 +Q 1.096(When used with)108 154.8 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)3.596 E F0 +3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 E F2(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095 (operators sort le)3.595 F 1.095 -(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 E F2(test) -3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 166.8 Q F2 +(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 E F2(test) +3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 166.8 Q F2 <ad61>108 190.8 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 190.8 S(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2<ad62>108 202.8 Q F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 202.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 @@ -3988,10 +3994,10 @@ E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F1 502.8 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F1(\214le2) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F2<ad6f>108 514.8 Q -F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 526.8 S .263(ue if the shell option).35 +F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 526.8 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 F F1(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 (See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F2<ad6f> -2.762 E F0(option to the)144 538.8 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +2.763 E F0(option to the)144 538.8 Q F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2<ad76>108 550.8 Q F1(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 562.8 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F1(varname) 2.79 E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F2<ad52> @@ -4003,13 +4009,13 @@ F0(is zero.)2.5 E F1(string)108 622.8 Q F2<ad6e>108 634.8 Q F1(string) 2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 646.8 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F1(string1)108 663.6 Q F2(==)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 675.6 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 687.6 S -.861(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .862 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 +.862(ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F2(=)5.861 E F0 .861 +(should be used with the)3.361 F F2(test)3.361 E F0 .861 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 699.6 R F2([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 -.15(ve \()-.15 H F2(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 711.6 Q F0(\).)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(31)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(31)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4025,63 +4031,63 @@ F2(>)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 153.6 S(ue if).35 E F1 (string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E (xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F1(ar)108.33 170.4 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP) 2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)144 182.4 Q F0 .385 -(is one of)2.634 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 +(is one of)2.635 F F2(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F2 (\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F2(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385(.T)C .385 -(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.885 E +(hese arithmetic binary operators return true if)-5.385 F F1(ar)2.884 E (g1)-.37 E F0 .845(is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or e\ qual to, greater than, or greater than or equal to)144 194.4 R F1(ar)144 206.4 Q(g2)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r)C(especti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.) -.65 E F1(Ar)6.01 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(g2)-.37 E F0 (may be positi)2.52 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 H 2.5(rn).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E/F4 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 223.2 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .613 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIMPLE COMMAND EXP)72 223.2 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .614 (When a simple command is e)108 235.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 -(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .613(wing e)-.25 F .613 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 247.2 Q(1.)108 264 Q 1.849(The w)144 264 R 1.849 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 +108 247.2 Q(1.)108 264 Q 1.848(The w)144 264 R 1.848 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F (name\) and redirections are sa)144 276 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 292.8 Q 1.163(The w)144 292.8 R -1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15 -F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 -304.8 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 +(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 292.8 Q 1.164(The w)144 292.8 R +1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 +(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. If)-.15 +F(an)3.663 E 3.663(yw)-.15 G 1.163(ords remain)-3.763 F .775(after e)144 +304.8 R .775(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .775(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E (are the ar)144 316.8 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 333.6 Q (Redirections are performed as described abo)144 333.6 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 350.4 Q .716(The te)144 350.4 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 +108 350.4 Q .717(The te)144 350.4 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F2(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 362.4 R .339 +.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 362.4 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 (efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 374.4 Q .332(If no command name results, the v)108 391.2 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 403.2 S .757 +2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 403.2 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. If)108 415.2 -R(an)3.176 E 3.176(yo)-.15 G 3.176(ft)-3.176 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 427.2 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .15 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 415.2 +R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 +(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 +(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F +(the command e)108 427.2 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 (If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 444 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .149(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.649 +.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 (vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 456 Q (xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064 (If there is a command name left after e)108 472.8 R 1.064(xpansion, e) -.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F -4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .069(command e)108 -484.8 R 2.569(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.569 F .069 -(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068 -(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 496.8 R .466 -(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .467 +4.864 -.65(w. O)-.25 H 1.064(therwise, the).65 F .068(command e)108 +484.8 R 2.568(xits. If)-.15 F .069(one of the e)2.568 F .069 +(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069 +(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 496.8 R .466 +(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466 (If there were no command substitutions, the)5.466 F(command e)108 508.8 Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F4(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 525.6 Q F0 -.547(After a command has been split into w)108 537.6 R .546 +.546(After a command has been split into w)108 537.6 R .547 (ords, if it results in a simple command and an optional list of ar)-.1 F(gu-)-.18 E(ments, the follo)108 549.6 Q(wing actions are tak)-.25 E (en.)-.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell atte\ @@ -4092,36 +4098,36 @@ mpts to locate it.)108 566.4 R .379(If there e)5.379 F .379 2.746 E F5(.)A F0 .246(If the name does not match a func-)4.746 F (tion, the shell searches for it in the list of shell b)108 590.4 Q 2.5 (uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E -(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .309 -(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 607.2 R .31 -(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.81 E F0 .31 -(searches each element of)2.81 F(the)108 619.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.163 G(TH) --.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .662 -(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.914(the full pathnames of e)108 +(uiltin is in)-.2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .31 +(If the name is neither a shell function nor a b)108 607.2 R .309 +(uiltin, and contains no slashes,)-.2 F F2(bash)2.809 E F0 .309 +(searches each element of)2.809 F(the)108 619.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)3.162 G +(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.912 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .662(cutable \214le by that name.).15 F F2(Bash)5.662 E F0 .663 +(uses a hash table to remember)3.162 F 1.915(the full pathnames of e)108 631.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F2(hash)4.415 E -F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.915(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)4.165 E 4.415(w\). A)-.25 F(full)4.415 E .72 -(search of the directories in)108 643.2 R F3 -.666(PA)3.22 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .719 -(is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.)2.97 F -.719(If the)5.719 F .956(search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for\ - a de\214ned shell function named)108 655.2 R F2(command_not_f)3.456 E -(ound_han-)-.25 E(dle)108 667.2 Q F0 5.278(.I)C 2.778(ft)-5.278 G .278 -(hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 2.778(dw).1 G .277 -(ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa) --.55 G -.18(rg)-2.777 G(uments).18 E .775(as its ar)108 679.2 R .775 +F0(under)4.415 E F3 1.915(SHELL B)4.415 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.914(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)4.164 E 4.414(w\). 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The)-.4 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)2.703 E F0(and) 2.703 E F3(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203 -(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 +(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 (eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 189.6 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 (alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 201.6 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) @@ -4264,106 +4270,106 @@ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 225.6 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 -(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 -E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 -(dditions via the)-2.801 F F3(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F3(declar) -108 237.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 -254.4 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F1 .563(simple command) -3.403 F F0 .562 +.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 225.6 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 +(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) +-2.801 E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 +(dditions via the)-2.8 F F3(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F3(declar)108 +237.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 +254.4 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F1 .562(simple command) +3.402 F F0 .563 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 266.4 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 266.4 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 278.4 Q +.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 278.4 Q (vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 295.2 R F3<ad6b> 3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F1(all)3.64 E F0 .81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 307.2 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 324 Q F3(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v)-3.735 -F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 +-.4 E(When)108 324 Q F3(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v)-3.736 +F(ariable)-.25 E F3(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F (passed to that command in its en)108 336 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F2(EXIT ST) -72 352.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 364.8 R .151 -(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted command is the v) -.15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F1(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15 -(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15(lent func-).25 F 2.847 -(tion. Exit)108 376.8 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F .347 +72 352.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 364.8 R .15 +(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15 +F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F1(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 +(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 +(tion. Exit)108 376.8 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 (all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 -F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 388.8 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G -.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 +F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 388.8 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G +.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 400.8 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 417.6 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 -(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 429.6 R 2.549(An) -5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 441.6 Q F1(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) +(Fo)108 417.6 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 +(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 429.6 R 2.548(An) +5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 441.6 Q F1(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F1(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(xit status.)-.15 E .405 (If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 458.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 -(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 470.4 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 +(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 470.4 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 487.2 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .081(Shell b)108 504 R .081 +-.15 E .08(Shell b)108 504 R .08 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F1(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 -2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F -(the)108 516 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F --.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F1(false)A F0 +2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) +-2.581 F(the)108 516 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968(cute. All) +.15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 528 Q(guments.)-.18 E -F3(Bash)108 544.8 Q F0 .202(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 528 Q(guments.)-.18 E +F3(Bash)108 544.8 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 +(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 (cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 556.8 Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3 (exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F2 -(SIGN)72 573.6 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 585.6 Q F3(bash)3.182 E F0 .682 -(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G 3.182(nt)-3.182 G -.682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) --3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683(\(so that)2.933 F F3 .683(kill 0) -3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 F(interacti)108 597.6 Q .758 -.15 -(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457(In all cases,)5.457 F +(SIGN)72 573.6 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 585.6 Q F3(bash)3.183 E F0 .683 +(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G +.683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores) +-3.183 F F4(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F3 .682(kill 0) +3.182 F F0 .682(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 597.6 Q .757 -.15 +(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 +(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F F3(bash)108 609.6 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E F5(.)A F0 (If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F4(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 -E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 626.4 Q 1.064 -(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.564 E F0(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15 -(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.065 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When)108 -638.4 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) -2.997 E F4(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +E F4(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0(Non-b)108 626.4 Q 1.065 +(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F3(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 -.15 +(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 +(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 +638.4 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F4(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) +2.998 E F4(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 (tion to these inherited handlers.)108 650.4 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 662.4 Q F4 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F5(,)A F4(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F4 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 679.2 R 2.046 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 679.2 R 2.045 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F4(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F5(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F4(SIGHUP)108 691.2 Q F0 -1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F4(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 -(to 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.93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ + to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 +G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 715.2 R F3(diso) +3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F4 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E +1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F4 (SIGHUP)108 727.2 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(34)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(34)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4374,100 +4380,100 @@ R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e) -108 96 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 112.8 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 +108 96 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 112.8 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 +-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 (via the)108 136.8 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F (return immediately with an e)108 148.8 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72 -165.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 177.6 S 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When)2.84 F F1(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F4(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 242.4 +F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 218.4 R F4(job) +5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 +(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 230.4 R F1 +(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F1(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F4(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 242.4 Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 259.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 276 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 288 R .733 +ociated)108 276 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 288 R .732 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 300 Q F4(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 -(To f)108 316.8 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) -.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.87(notion of a)108 328.8 R F4(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 +5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 300 Q F4(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 +(To f)108 316.8 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.871(notion of a)108 328.8 R F4(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 340.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 352.8 Q -/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346 -(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F4(for)3.847 E -.4(eg) --.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F4(Bac)6.927 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) --.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 F .146 -(group ID dif)108 364.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F2(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 352.8 Q +/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.347 +(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F4(for)3.846 E -.4(eg) +-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F4(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound) +-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145 +(group ID dif)108 364.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 (ground processes are allo)108 376.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 388.8 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F -.717(terminal are sent a)108 400.8 R F2 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F -(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 -G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 412.8 Q 1.088 -(If the operating system on which)108 429.6 R F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 -(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 441.6 S -.301(ping the).8 F F4(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically) -3.571 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 388.8 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F +.718(terminal are sent a)108 400.8 R F2 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 +G .717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 412.8 Q 1.087 +(If the operating system on which)108 429.6 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 441.6 S +.302(ping the).8 F F4(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) +3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 453.6 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 453.6 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F4 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F1(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 465.6 R(to)108 477.6 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 -(background, the)108 489.6 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F1(^Z) -3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 501.6 Q .949(fect immediately) --.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 +(background, the)108 489.6 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z) +3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 501.6 Q .948(fect immediately) +-.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) 108 513.6 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 530.4 R .777 (ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 (%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 542.4 -Q F4(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F4(n)3.818 E F0 .957 +Q F4(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F4(n)3.817 E F0 .957 (may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 (job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\ ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.) 108 554.4 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E -F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 566.4 Q F1(ce)3.464 E F0(job)3.464 -E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963 +F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 566.4 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0(job)3.463 +E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 (re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F1(bash)3.463 E F0 .963 (reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E -F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 +F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087 (hand, refers to an)108 578.4 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087 (ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087 (in its command line.)2.587 F .087 @@ -4476,75 +4482,75 @@ F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086 (he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018 (refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F F4(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is) --2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 602.4 R .495 +-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 602.4 R .495 (as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F -(The)5.495 E F4(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495 -(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 614.4 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 -5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1 -(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787 -(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E -.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 626.4 R F1 +(The)5.494 E F4(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494 +(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 614.4 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 +5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1 +(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788 +(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E +.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 626.4 R F1 (jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa) --.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411 -(and the pre)108 638.4 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.911 E F0 -5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41 +-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre) +108 638.4 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411 +(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411 (ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(rent job)108 650.4 Q(.)-.4 E .443 +(rent job)108 650.4 Q(.)-.4 E .444 (Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 667.2 R -(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for) --.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C -(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 -679.2 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472 -(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F +(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for) +-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C +(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108 +679.2 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473 +(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F (equi)108 691.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1') -.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 708 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally) -5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131 -(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158 -(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 720 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G -.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157 -(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F1<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157 -(option to)2.657 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(35) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 708 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F(Normally) +5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13 +(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157 +(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 720 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G +.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158 +(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158 +(option to)2.658 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(35) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147 -(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148 -(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15 -(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 -.148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 -96 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 112.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1 -(bash)2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532 -(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 -(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 124.8 R F1 -(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 -(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 -(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 -(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 -136.8 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 -(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) -5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 148.8 R .604 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148 +(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148 +(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15 +(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 +.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 +96 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 112.8 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533 +(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033 +(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 124.8 R F1 +(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019 +(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +136.8 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a) +5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 148.8 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E (and an)108 160.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F3 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 177.6 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 -189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 -E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F -F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.825 -(and the secondary prompt)108 201.6 R F2(PS2)4.325 E F0 1.825 -(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.075 F F1(Bash)6.826 E -F0(allo)4.326 E 1.826(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 177.6 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 +189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 +E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F +F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826 +(and the secondary prompt)108 201.6 R F2(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825 +(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F1(Bash)6.825 E +F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\ ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\ are)108 213.6 R(decoded as follo)108 225.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 237.6 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 237.6 Q F1(\\d)144 249.6 Q F0(the date in "W)180 249.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E (ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 261.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format) -A F1(})A F0(the)180 273.6 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to) -3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427 +A F1(})A F0(the)180 273.6 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to) +3.927 F F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427 (\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180 285.6 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0 (results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E @@ -4567,10 +4573,10 @@ Q F0(the hostname)180 321.6 Q F1(\\j)144 333.6 Q F0 144 453.6 Q F0(the v)180 453.6 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 465.6 Q F0(the release of)180 465.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 477.6 Q F0 .116 -(the current w)180 477.6 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G -(ith)-2.616 E F2($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115 -(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR) +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 477.6 Q F0 .115 +(the current w)180 477.6 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G +(ith)-2.615 E F2($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116 +(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR) 180 489.6 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 501.6 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 501.6 Q (orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0 @@ -4584,34 +4590,34 @@ F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 549.6 Q F4 (\\[)144 573.6 Q F0(be)180 573.6 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\ characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F (control sequence into the prompt)180 585.6 Q F1(\\])144 597.6 Q F0 -(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 597.6 Q .12 +(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 597.6 Q .119 (The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 614.4 R -.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ -on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ -story \214le \(see)108 626.4 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 +.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ +n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\ +tory \214le \(see)108 626.4 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0 (belo)108 638.4 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\ - the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54 + the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541 (cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 650.4 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 662.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 662.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 F(description of the)108 674.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E F3(READLINE)72 691.2 Q F0 .15 +-.25 E F3(READLINE)72 691.2 Q F0 .151 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 703.2 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 715.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F --.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F1<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208 -(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G -3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 727.2 Q .851 +108 703.2 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 715.2 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 +(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F1<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209 +(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G +3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 727.2 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 -(ace is also)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(36) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 +(ace is also)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(36) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4622,47 +4628,46 @@ BP (yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)-3.35 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .85 (\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85 (options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E(\(see) -108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G +108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E (emacs)108 108 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 (set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 124.8 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) 108 136.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1 -(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 148.8 R -(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 -(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653 -(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke) -108 160.8 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke) -3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F -F3(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 --.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65 -(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 172.8 R F3 .599 -(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599 -(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3(x)A F0 .599 -(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G -.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F -(the Control k)108 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F3 -(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62 -(Readline commands may be gi)108 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G -(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619 -(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108 -213.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 148.8 R +(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153 +(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652 +(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke) +108 160.8 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G +2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 +E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 +H .831(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 +H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 172.8 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0 +.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) +-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) +.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 201.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) +108 213.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G +3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 225.6 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 225.6 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 237.6 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 237.6 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 254.4 R F3 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 254.4 R F3 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3 -(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 266.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3 +(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 266.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) @@ -4671,23 +4676,23 @@ F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) 108 290.4 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 307.2 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\ ustomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 -319.2 R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 331.2 R .196(en from the v) +319.2 R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 331.2 R .196(en from the v) -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 (ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 343.2 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 355.2 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) -6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 +nd the k)108 343.2 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 355.2 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) +6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 (lines are ignored.)108 367.2 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 -(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 379.2 R +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 +(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 379.2 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 396 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15 +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 396 R .987(ault k)-.1 F -.15 (ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr)3.497 E (c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 (programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 408 Q @@ -4697,11 +4702,11 @@ G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 453.6 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 465.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 477.6 Q F3(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F3 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) +(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) 108 494.4 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F3 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F3(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F3 -(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F3(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F3(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0 -(,).73 E F3(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F3(RETURN)108 506.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F3 +(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72 E F3(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F3(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0 +(,).73 E F3(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F3(RETURN)108 506.4 Q F0(,)1.1 E F3 (SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F3(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G (nd)-2.5 E F3 -.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 (In addition to command names, readline allo)108 523.2 R .209(ws k)-.25 @@ -4712,54 +4717,54 @@ F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 (The syntax for controlling k)108 564 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 (indings in the).15 F F3(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 (\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) -5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 576 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 +5.366 F .264(command or the te)108 576 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F -.264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 588 R +.263(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 588 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F3(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F3 (Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 -F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 600 Q .16(When using the form)108 616.8 R -F1 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F3(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 -E F3(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F3 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161 -(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-) -.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 628.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) -144 652.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 664.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 676.8 Q .699(In the abo)108 693.6 R .998 -.15 +F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 600 Q .161(When using the form)108 616.8 R +F1 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F3(function\255name).833 E F0(or) +2.661 E F3(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F3 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 +.16(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16 +(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 628.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:) +-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 652.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E +(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 664.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E +(Control-o: "> output")144 676.8 Q .698(In the abo)108 693.6 R .998 -.15 (ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F3(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 (is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G (rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F3(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 (is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 705.6 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F3 -(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259 +(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F3 +(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 (xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108 717.6 Q(xt)-.15 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0 -(into the line\).)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(37) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(into the line\).)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E +(37)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .056 -(In the second form,)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF("k)2.556 E(eyseq") --.1 E F0(:)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.556 -E F2(macr)2.556 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif) -2.555 E .055(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.555 -E .355 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .055 +(In the second form,)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF("k)2.555 E(eyseq") +-.1 E F0(:)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 +E F2(macr)2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif) +2.556 E .056(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 +E .356 -.15(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284 (denoting an entire k)108 96 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence may \ be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F(Some) -6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 108 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 -(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .385 -(xample, b)-.15 F .385(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F +6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 108 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H .385 +(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386 +(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F (are not recognized.)108 120 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E ("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 156 Q -("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 168 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314 -(In this e)108 184.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag) -3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 +("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 168 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315 +(In this e)108 184.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag) +3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0 -.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 196.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G +.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 196.8 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G <ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2 (ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E/F3 10 /Courier@0 SF(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A @@ -4781,54 +4786,54 @@ F0(ne)180 362.4 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 374.4 Q F0(carriage return)180 (\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 422.4 Q F2(HH)A F0 (the eight-bit character whose v)180 422.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E (xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh) --.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108 +-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)108 439.2 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\ -dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 451.2 R .089 -(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089 -F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve) --.15 G(are e)108 463.2 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 -E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E -(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 -(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 -(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 --.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 -(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 492 R .345 -.15 -(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 -(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 451.2 R .09 +(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body) +5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F +-.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 463.2 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F +(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 492 R .346 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045 +(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045 (iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 504 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -(Readline V)87 520.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 532.8 +(Readline V)87 520.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 532.8 R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F (vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 -(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 544.8 Q(c)-.37 E +(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 544.8 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 561.6 Q F2 (variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 578.4 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F (alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79 (\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-) -5.79 E .449(nized v)108 590.4 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F +5.79 E .448(nized v)108 590.4 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448 -(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) --.25 F(ti)108 602.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F +(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-) +-.25 F(ti)108 602.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468 (ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468 -(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468 +(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467 (ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 614.4 S(lues are:) -.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 631.2 Q F0 .011 +.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 631.2 Q F0 .01 (Controls what happens when readline w)144 643.2 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 -E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 -(rings the bell.)144 655.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 -3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) --.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A -(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 667.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) --2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 679.2 Q F0 .056 -(If set to)144 691.2 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ -s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 703.2 Q -.15 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) +2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E +.94(rings the bell.)144 655.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E +F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 +(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 +(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 667.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G +(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 679.2 Q F0 +.055(If set to)144 691.2 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ +empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 703.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(38) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(38) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4838,19 +4843,19 @@ BP SF(color)108 84 Q(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing co\ mpletions, readline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible) --3.015 F 2.936(completions using a dif)144 108 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 -F 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 120 Q F0 +-3.015 F 2.935(completions using a dif)144 108 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 +F 7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 120 Q F0 (en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 132 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)4.079 E -F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) --4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 -(type. The)144 156 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 -E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E -(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 168 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E -F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 180 R F1 -(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 192 Q F1 +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)4.08 E F0 +4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F +1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 +156 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the) +-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E +F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 168 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884 +(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 180 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 192 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 204 Q (e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 216 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C @@ -4858,56 +4863,56 @@ F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 180 R F1 siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr)108 228 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in ch\ aracters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that \ -is displayed)144 240 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 252 R 1.275 -(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 264 S(lue are repla\ +is displayed)144 240 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 252 R 1.274 +(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 264 S(lue are repla\ ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 276 Q F0 .529 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 288 R .53 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) -144 300 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061 -F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v) --.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 312 R +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 276 Q F0 .53 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 288 R .529 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) +144 300 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F +.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) +-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 312 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 324 S .237 +the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 324 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 336 Q F1(con)108 348 -Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) -3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 -(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 +Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) +3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613 +(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) 144 372 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 384 Q F0(\).)A F1 +.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 384 Q F0(\).)A F1 (disable\255completion \(Off\))108 396 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 408 R F1 (On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 (ord completion.)-.1 F .038 (Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) 144 420 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 -(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 432 Q F0 .142 +(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 432 Q F0 .141 (Controls whether readline be)144 444 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F -.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0 -(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0 +.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0 +(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0 (can be set to either)144 456 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 468 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21 -(When set to)144 480 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211 -(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 +F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 468 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 +1.211(When set to)144 480 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 +G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 (upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F (corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 492 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board.).15 E F1(enable\255brack)108 504 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 1.222(When set to)144 516 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +F0 1.221(When set to)144 516 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 (paste into the editing b)144 528 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 (it had been read from the k)144 540 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 552 Q F1(enable\255k)108 564 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +144 552 Q F1(enable\255k)108 564 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 (When set to)144 576 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F (tems need this to enable the arro)144 588 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 600 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (When set to)144 612 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 @@ -4919,19 +4924,19 @@ G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 600 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 (expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 636 Q F0(If set to)144 648 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) -.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 660 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 672 R F1(On) -3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 684 Q -.15 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 672 R F1(On) +3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 684 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 696 Q F0 .949 +(history\255size \(unset\))108 696 Q F0 .948 (Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 708 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E 1.821 +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E 1.821 (history entries are deleted and no ne)144 720 R 4.321(we)-.25 G 1.821 (ntries are sa)-4.321 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 4.321(d. If).15 F 1.821 (set to a v)4.321 F 1.821(alue less than zero, the)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(39)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(39)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -4941,67 +4946,67 @@ BP (number of history entries is not limited.)144 84 Q(By def)5 E (ault, the number of history entries is not limited.)-.1 E/F1 10 /Times-Bold@0 SF(horizontal\255scr)108 96 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E -F0 .449(When set to)144 108 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E +F0 .448(When set to)144 108 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G -.448(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen \ +.449(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen \ line when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping \ to a ne)144 120 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 132 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 -144 Q F0 .228(If set to)144 156 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadl\ +144 Q F0 .227(If set to)144 156 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadl\ ine will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high b\ -it from the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 168 R +it from the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 168 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.) -.05 F .957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 +.05 F .956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F(synon)144 180 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 192 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439 (The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search w\ -ithout subsequently e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934 +ithout subsequently e)144 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935 (ing the character as a command.)144 216 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935 -(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.435 E F0 +(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.434 E F0 (and)144 228 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.) -2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 240 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021 +2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 240 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02 (Set the current readline k)144 252 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021 -(map names is).15 F F2 2.02(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E -.068(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 264 R F0 2.568 +(map names is).15 F F2 2.021(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E +.069(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 264 R F0 2.568 (,a)C(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 276 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 276 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 288 Q(fects the def)-.25 +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 288 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 (emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 300 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ -iting)144 312 R .293(mode is acti)144 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 -G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 +iting)144 312 R .292(mode is acti)144 324 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.292(.T).15 +G .292(he v)-5.292 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 (eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 (inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 336 -Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 -(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 +Q .602(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 +(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .601 (gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 348 R (the mode string.)144 360 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 372 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) -.1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 384 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G +.1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 384 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G (adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) -.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 396 R 1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 408 R .62 +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 408 R .62 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 420 R .907 +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 420 R .907 (ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 (alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 432 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 (less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 444 R(alue,)-.25 E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H (equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 468 Q(ectories \(On\)) -.18 E F0(If set to)144 480 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) @@ -5014,120 +5019,120 @@ E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 540 Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 552 Q F0 .193(This v)144 564 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 552 Q F0 .192(This v)144 564 R +.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 (\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 576 R .456 (If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F (user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 588 Q F1 (menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 600 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +1.585(If set to)144 612 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 624 Q +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 624 Q (ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 636 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +.507(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 660 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 672 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 684 R F1(On) +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 660 Q(ed escape sequence.)-.15 E F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 672 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 684 R F1(On) 3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E -(40)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(tions at a time.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 +E(40)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 1.318 -(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will disp\ -lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +SF(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 1.319 +(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will disp\ +lay completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 F(order)144 108 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 120 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .699(If set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 +F0 .698(If set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 144 S +-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 144 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 (vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 156 S(adline) .18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 168 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .304(This alters the def)144 180 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +F0 .303(This alters the def)144 180 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 (vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) -2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 192 R(bell.)144 204 Q F1 -(sho)108 216 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 -(This alters the def)144 228 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) --.1 F F1(sho)144 240 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C -4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +(sho)108 216 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 +(This alters the def)144 228 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 240 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C +4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 252 R 3.54 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 252 R 3.539 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ -es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 264 Q F1 -(sho)108 276 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.018 -(If set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.518 E F0 3.518(,a)C 1.018 -(dd a character to the be)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ +s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 264 Q F1 +(sho)108 276 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 +(If set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 +(dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F (\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 300 Q F1 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 312 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 324 R -F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 312 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 324 R +F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 (vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 336 Q -2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 -F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 +F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 348 R -1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 360 Q +1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 360 Q (ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1 (vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 372 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 384 R .522(mode is acti)144 396 R .822 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 384 R .521(mode is acti)144 396 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 -F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .821 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .521 -(inding, so the standard).15 F .869(set of meta- and control pre\214x) -144 408 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 -G 3.37(ilable. Use).25 F .87(the \\1 and \\2)3.37 F .387(escapes to be) +F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 +(inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 +408 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G +3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) 144 420 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 432 Q F1 (vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 444 Q F0 1.198(This string\ is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 456 R .783(mode is acti)144 468 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 +en vi editing)144 456 R .782(mode is acti)144 468 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) -.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H -.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .869 +.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 (set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 480 R .869 -(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.37 -(ilable. Use).25 F .87(the \\1 and \\2)3.37 F .387(escapes to be)144 492 -R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can be u\ -sed to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 +(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be)144 +492 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which can \ +be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E (minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 504 Q F1 -(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 528 R F1(On) +(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 528 R F1(On) 3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346 (st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B (when listing possible completions.)144 540 Q F1 (Readline Conditional Constructs)87 556.8 Q F0 .05 (Readline implements a f)108 568.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\ -he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096 -(which allo)108 580.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 +he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097 +(which allo)108 580.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096 (indings and v).15 F .096 -(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097 +(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096 (There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 592.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 -(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 609.6 Q F0(The)144 609.6 Q F1($if)2.963 -E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\ -he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .477 +(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 609.6 Q F0(The)144 609.6 Q F1($if)2.962 +E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\ +he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F .478 (or the application using readline.)144 621.6 R .477(The te)5.477 F .477 (xt of the test e)-.15 F .477 (xtends to the end of the line; no characters)-.15 F (are required to isolate it.)144 633.6 Q F1(mode)144 650.4 Q F0(The)180 -650.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 +650.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0 (directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711(su).15 G 1.211 (sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F 3.065 (mode. This)180 662.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)3.065 F @@ -5135,15 +5140,15 @@ F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565(command, for instance, to) 3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 674.4 R F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E (d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735 (ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F(out in emacs mode.)180 686.4 -Q F1(term)144 703.2 Q F0(The)180 703.2 Q F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696 -(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15 -(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 715.2 R +Q F1(term)144 703.2 Q F0(The)180 703.2 Q F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696 +(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15 +(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 715.2 R .954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154 (sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1 -(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 727.2 Q F1(=)3.231 -E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ +(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 727.2 Q F1(=)3.232 +E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\ minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(41)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(41)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5158,12 +5163,12 @@ BP (construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180 124.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114 -(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v) -180 136.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F -.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F -.396(ci\214c program.)180 148.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 +(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180 +136.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397 +(ci\214c program.)180 148.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 160.8 +(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 160.8 Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 184.8 Q F0 (Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 196.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w) -.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 208.8 Q F1($endif)180 @@ -5172,67 +5177,67 @@ Q(vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.) 2.5 E F1($else)108 254.4 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 254.4 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) -.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 271.2 Q F0 -.357(This directi)144 283.2 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 +.356(This directi)144 283.2 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) 144 295.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 ($include)144 319.2 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 336 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 348 R .834 +(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 348 R .835 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E -.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 360 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E +.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 360 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .698(Incremental searches be)108 376.8 R .698 +E .697(Incremental searches be)108 376.8 R .697 (gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 (search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 388.8 R .112 (xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 (incremental search requires only as man)108 400.8 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F -5.541(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224 +5.542(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224 (acters present in the v)108 412.8 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear) 2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 (riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 (If that v)108 424.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 (alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 -F .096(mental search.)108 436.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ -tal search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097 -(When the search is)5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ -e search string becomes the current line.)108 448.8 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214) +F .097(mental search.)108 436.8 R .096(Control-G will abort an incremen\ +tal search and restore the original line.)5.097 F .096 +(When the search is)5.096 F(terminated, the history entry containing th\ +e search string becomes the current line.)108 448.8 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214) 108 465.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\ -ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674 -(search backw)108 477.6 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674 -(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .675 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.675 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 489.6 R .475 -.15(ey s)-.1 +ontrol-S or Control-R as appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675 +(search backw)108 477.6 R .675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675 +(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 +(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 +(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 489.6 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E -.54(instance, a)108 501.6 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 -(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 -513.6 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 -530.4 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 -(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E -(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 542.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E +.541(instance, a)108 501.6 R F2(ne)3.041 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541 +(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.041 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 513.6 +Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 530.4 +R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an) +-3.153 F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E +(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 542.4 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 559.2 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 571.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 588 Q F0 1.392 +rent line.)108 571.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 588 Q F0 1.391 (The follo)108 600 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 612 R .121 -(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 -(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 624 Q F2(point)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)3.411 -E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41(db) -.15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 636 Q F0 2.5 +3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 612 R .122 +(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 +(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 624 Q F2(point)3.41 E +F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F2(mark)3.411 E +F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) +.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F1(set\255mark)108 636 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E (xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) 2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 652.8 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 @@ -5240,7 +5245,7 @@ E(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 664.8 Q F0(Mo)144 676.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 (end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 688.8 Q F0(Mo)144 700.8 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(42)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5251,9 +5256,9 @@ SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 (backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 132 S(rward\255w).25 E -(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 144 Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E -.522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F -.523(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F +(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 144 Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E +.523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F +.522(ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F (ters and digits\).)144 156 Q F1(backward\255w)108 168 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) -.1 E F0(Mo)144 180 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 @@ -5263,8 +5268,8 @@ H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)108 132 S(rward\255w).25 E .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F (ters.)144 228 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 240 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -252 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 +252 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 (ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 264 Q F1(clear\255scr)108 276 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 (Clear the screen lea)144 288 R .993 @@ -5273,10 +5278,10 @@ F1(clear\255scr)108 276 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 (current line without clearing the screen.)144 300 Q F1 -.18(re)108 312 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 324 Q F1(Commands f)87 340.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 352.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 -(Accept the line re)144 364.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 352.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 +(Accept the line re)144 364.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 +5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 (according to the state of the)144 376.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F @@ -5292,31 +5297,31 @@ E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5 (,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18 (re v)108 496.8 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 -1.471(Search backw)144 508.8 R 1.471 -(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.47 +1.47(Search backw)144 508.8 R 1.471 +(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 F 1.471 (ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E (This is an incremental search.)144 520.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 532.8 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 -(Search forw)144 544.8 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary) +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 +(Search forw)144 544.8 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary) -.25 F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 556.8 Q F1 (non\255incr)108 568.8 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H -(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw) +(rse\255sear).15 E(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw) 144 580.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\ sing a non-incremental search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 592.8 S (tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 604.8 Q (emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear)-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 -E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 616.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ +E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 616.8 R 1.354(ard through the history using \ a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 628.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 640.8 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward) --.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 652.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ +-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 652.8 R .249(ard through the history for\ the string of characters between the start of the current line)-.1 F (and the point.)144 664.8 Q(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1 -(history\255sear)108 676.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw) +(history\255sear)108 676.8 Q(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw) 144 688.8 R .951(ard through the history for the string of characters b\ etween the start of the current)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 700.8 Q (This is a non-incremental search.)5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(43)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(43)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5326,69 +5331,69 @@ BP SF(yank\255nth\255ar)108 84 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622 (Insert the \214rst ar)144 96 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 108 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 108 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 120 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 120 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 132 R .281(vious command.) --.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 132 R .282(vious command.) +-.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 (xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 144 Q (xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 156 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 -(Insert the last ar)144 168 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 180 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 -F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 -E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 192 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 +(Insert the last ar)144 168 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 180 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 +F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 +E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 192 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 204 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 216 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 -H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 +1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 204 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 216 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 (through the history \(back or forw)144 228 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 240 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 252 Q F0 .623 +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 252 Q F0 .622 (Expand the line as the shell does.)144 264 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 (xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 276 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 288 Q F0 .938 +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 288 Q F0 .939 (Perform history e)144 300 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) --3.439 F(tion of history e)144 312 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 324 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 336 R 1.627 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 -(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) +-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 312 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 324 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 336 R 1.626 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 +(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 (belo)144 348 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 360 Q F0 .394 -(Perform alias e)144 372 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 384 Q F1 +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 360 Q F0 .395 +(Perform alias e)144 372 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 384 Q F1 (history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 396 Q F0 (Perform history and alias e)144 408 Q(xpansion on the current line.) -.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 420 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) .833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 432 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) -.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 444 Q F0 .948 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 444 Q F0 .947 (Accept the current line for e)144 456 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F (history for editing.)144 468 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 (edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 480 Q F0(In)144 @@ -5400,33 +5405,33 @@ H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G (and)2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 520.8 Q(or Changing T) -.25 E(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 532.8 Q F1 -(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 +(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 (The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 544.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 -(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 +(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 (there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 556.8 R -.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F (as the end of input and returns)144 568.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 580.8 Q F0 .442 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 580.8 Q F0 .441 (Delete the character at point.)144 592.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 -(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 604.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 +(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 604.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 616.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 628.8 R +108 616.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 628.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 -(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 640.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 652.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 664.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 +(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 640.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 652.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 664.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F (character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 676.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 688.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 688.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 700.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 -(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 712.8 S(ample.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2015 June 11)148.175 E(44)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 +(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 712.8 S(ample.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(44)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5437,56 +5442,56 @@ SF(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 84 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 (Insert a tab character)144 96 Q(.)-.55 E F1 (self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 108 Q F0 (Insert the character typed.)144 120 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\)) -108 132 Q F0 .322(Drag the character before point forw)144 144 R .321 +108 132 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 144 R .321 (ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321 -(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321(ving point forw)-.15 F .321 +(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322 (ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 156 -R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05 +R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 168 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 180 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 -192 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) --2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F +(transpose\255w)108 180 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 +192 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) +-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F (is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 204 Q 2.5 (ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 216 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 228 +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 228 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 (ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 240 S(rd, b).1 E (ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 252 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 264 Q 1.648 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 264 Q 1.647 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) -.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 276 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 288 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 300 +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 300 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 (ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 312 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 324 -S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 336 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 348 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15 -(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.) --.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 360 Q F1 -(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 -F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G -1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G -(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144 -372 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1 -(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469 -(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 384 R .958 -(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1 -(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457 -F(before point with a space.)144 396 Q(By def)5 E -(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 412.8 Q -(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 424.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144 -436.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 336 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 348 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 360 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) +4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895 +(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 372 R -.15(ove)3.969 G +1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E +F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F +.957(pushing the te)144 384 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 +(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 +.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 396 Q +(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 +412.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 424.8 Q F0 +(Kill the te)144 436.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 (backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 448.8 Q F0(Kill backw) 144 460.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 (unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 472.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 484.8 @@ -5494,34 +5499,35 @@ Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) -2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 496.8 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -508.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 520.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 532.8 R .729 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +508.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 520.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 532.8 R .728 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 (xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 544.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G (rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 556.8 Q (ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 568.8 Q(ord behind point.) -.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 (backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 580.8 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 592.8 -R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 604.8 S +(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 592.8 +R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 604.8 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) 108 616.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 628.8 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) 5.525 E(ward\255w)144 640.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 652.8 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 664.8 R .365 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 -676.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 688.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w) +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 664.8 R .364 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 +676.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 688.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w) 144 700.8 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 712.8 Q +-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 712.8 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(45)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(45)192.055 E 0 Cg +EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5534,15 +5540,15 @@ Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 120 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E (gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 132 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) 144 144 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 168 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 -G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 -E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 180 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 192 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 -(Cop)144 204 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F -2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 -G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 -(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 216 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(copy\255backward\255w)108 156 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 168 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G +2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) +-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 180 +Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 192 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E +F0(Cop)144 204 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 +F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) +-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 +-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 216 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 (yank \(C\255y\))108 228 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 240 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 252 Q F0 @@ -5553,36 +5559,36 @@ F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 280.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 (Add this digit to the ar)144 304.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 (ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 316.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G (ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 328.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .778(This is another w)144 340.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 +E F0 .779(This is another w)144 340.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 352.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 364.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 376.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 376.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 (neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 388.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 400.8 R .823 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 400.8 R .822 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F (gument)-.18 E(count four)144 412.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) 87 429.6 Q(complete \(T)108 441.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 (Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 453.6 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 465.6 Q .533(xt as a v) --.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F -.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 477.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 465.6 Q .532(xt as a v) +-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F +.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 477.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F (duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 489.6 Q F1 (possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 501.6 Q F0 @@ -5590,19 +5596,19 @@ E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 525.6 Q F0 .783 (Insert all completions of the te)144 537.6 R .783 (xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H -.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 -549.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 561.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 -573.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 +.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 +549.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 561.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 +573.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F -1.194(possible completions.)144 585.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 +1.193(possible completions.)144 585.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 (completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 597.6 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 (\(subject to the setting of)144 609.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 -E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 +E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 (positions forw)144 621.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 @@ -5618,11 +5624,11 @@ E(through the list.)144 633.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to) F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 681.6 Q F0 .234 (Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 693.6 R .234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char) -2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 705.6 R -.15 +2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 705.6 R -.15 (ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1 (possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425 (his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 717.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(46)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(46)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5651,10 +5657,10 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 108 Q F0 (possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 252 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 264 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 276 Q F0 .58 +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 276 Q F0 .581 (Attempt completion on the te)144 288 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 -(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 300 R +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 +(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 300 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F (\214nally e)144 312 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G @@ -5662,14 +5668,14 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 108 Q F0 (possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 324 Q F0 (List the possible completions of the te)144 336 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 348 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 348 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 (Attempt completion on the te)144 360 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F (for possible completion matches.)144 372 Q F1(dab)108 384 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 (Attempt menu completion on the te)144 396 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F (tory list for possible completion matches.)144 408 Q F1 (complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 420 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\ @@ -5685,31 +5691,31 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 472.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 520.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 532.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 -G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ -ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 544.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 -(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 556.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 -(Print the last k)144 568.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +E F0(Re-e)144 532.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ + appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 544.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 +E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 556.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E +F0(Print the last k)144 568.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 (Miscellaneous)87 585.6 Q -.18(re)108 597.6 S<ad72>.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 -(Read in the contents of the)144 609.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 -(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -621.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 633.6 Q F0 3.249 +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 +(Read in the contents of the)144 609.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 +(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +621.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 633.6 Q F0 3.248 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 645.6 R -5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 +5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 (bell\255style)144 657.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 669.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 681.6 R F2(x) -4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 681.6 R F2(x) +4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F (uppercase character)144 693.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 705.6 Q (e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 717.6 Q (xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0 (is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(47)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(47)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5729,61 +5735,60 @@ F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F (Set the mark to the point.)144 180 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 192 Q F0(Sw)144 -204 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +204 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) +2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) 144 216 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 228 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 240 S -.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) +(character\255sear)108 228 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 240 S +.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt) .15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 252 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 264 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 276 S 1.043 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 276 S 1.044 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 288 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 300 Q F0 1.827 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 300 Q F0 1.826 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 312 R 2.126 -.15(ey s) --.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 324 R .791 -(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 +-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G +4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 324 R .791 +(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 336 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 -(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n) --.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) +.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 336 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831 +(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n) +-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-) -.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\ y characters into the editing b)144 348 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T) -.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 360 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -372 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 384 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 -(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 396 Q .244 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 +372 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 384 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v) +-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 +-.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 396 Q .245 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 (the characters at the be)144 408 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) --.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 420 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 -(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) +-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 420 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 432 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F -1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 444 Q F0 .839 -(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F +1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 444 Q F0 .84 +(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 456 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 468 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 480 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 480 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 492 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 504 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 516 R .176 +-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 516 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 528 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 @@ -5796,26 +5801,26 @@ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 504 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) .872(the line is redra)144 576 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 588 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 600 Q F0 .626 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 612 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) -5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ex)144 588 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 600 Q F0 .627 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 612 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) +5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 624 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 636 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 648 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 660 R .304 +1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 648 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 660 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 672 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 684 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 -(Print all of the readline k)144 696 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G -3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 708 Q +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 684 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 +(Print all of the readline k)144 696 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G +3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 708 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(48) -197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(\214le.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(48) +192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -5825,196 +5830,196 @@ BP SF(display\255shell\255v)108 84 Q(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0 (Display v)144 96 Q(ersion information about the current instance of) -.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 112.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 -E F0 .147(When w)108 124.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar) +E F0 .146(When w)108 124.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar) -.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(compspec)108 136.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(compspec)108 136.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 148.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 165.6 R .498 -(If the command w)5.498 F .497 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 165.6 R .497 +(If the command w)5.497 F .498 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 177.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) -5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 189.6 R .822 -(for the w)108 201.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F -.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 213.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) +5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 189.6 R .823 +(for the w)108 201.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F +.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 213.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 225.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 -G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F1<ad44>2.799 E F0(option to) +rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 225.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 +G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) 108 237.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ matching w)108 254.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 (ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 266.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 -E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 +E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 283.2 R -.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F -.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 295.2 R .596 -(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595 +.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F +.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 295.2 R .595 +(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 307.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 324 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 336 S -.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 -(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E +.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 +(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 348 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 364.8 Q -.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F -F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) -108 376.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 +.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 +F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 +376.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 -(using brace e)108 388.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 +.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 +(using brace e)108 388.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 400.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -412.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 +412.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 424.8 Q -(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238 -(After these matches ha)108 441.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E -F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 453.6 R -.2 +(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.237 +(After these matches ha)108 441.6 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F F1<ad46>3.738 E +F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376(options is in)108 453.6 R -.2 (vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375 (the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375 -(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3 -(COMP_KEY)108 465.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25 -(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 -(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157 -(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 -477.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.875 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F4(,)A F3 +(COMP_KEY)108 465.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25 +(va)2.407 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157 +(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158 +(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 +477.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3 (COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986 -(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 -(the function or command is in)108 489.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C -2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) --.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 501.6 R .263 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w) --2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 513.6 -R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 525.6 R -.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 +(the function or command is in)108 489.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C +2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) +-.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 501.6 R .264 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w) +-2.764 F .263(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 513.6 +R .628(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 525.6 R +.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 537.6 Q(An)108 554.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437 -(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F +108 537.6 Q(An)108 554.4 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437 +(unction speci\214ed with)-2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437 (function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437 -(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 566.4 Q F1 -(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 +(he shell f)-2.937 F .438(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 566.4 Q F1 +(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 +-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108 578.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 595.2 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) --2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) --.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 607.2 R -.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ -output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -619.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 +E(Ne)108 595.2 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) +-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 607.2 +R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ +d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +619.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 636 R 2.877 -<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876 E F0 -.376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 648 R .681 -(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681(xpansion; a) --.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 -F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523(the w)108 660 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F -3.023(Al)5.523 G(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 +<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877 E F0 +.377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 648 R .682 +(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681(xpansion; a) +-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 +F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522(the w)108 660 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F +3.022(Al)5.522 G(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 672 R -(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 -(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 684 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 672 R +(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) +-3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 684 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 696 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 696 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -712.8 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 +712.8 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 724.8 Q(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(49)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(49)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 50 50 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .247(If the pre) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .246(If the pre) 108 84 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747 (ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .247 -(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246 +(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247 (as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 96 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 -(If the)108 112.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 +(If the)108 112.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 124.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 -(By def)108 141.6 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F -.631(of possible completions.)108 153.6 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 165.6 R -.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 -(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 177.6 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 -(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 +(By def)108 141.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F +.632(of possible completions.)108 153.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 165.6 R +.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 +(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 177.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 +(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F1<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 189.6 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 189.6 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 201.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 218.4 R .633(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 218.4 R .632(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - 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If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 +(If the)108 674.4 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 686.4 R -3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 -(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 +F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 686.4 R +3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 +(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 (character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 698.4 -R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G -1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G +1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 (truncated to contain no more than)108 710.4 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 722.4 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(50)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(50)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 51 51 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .299(The b)108 84 -R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) -2.799 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299 -(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.549 E .298 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .298(The b)108 84 +R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) +2.798 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298 +(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.549 E .299 (w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E -.471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 96 R(The)5.471 E F1 -(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 +.472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 96 R(The)5.472 E F1 +(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 (manipulate the history \214le.)108 108 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) --.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 120 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 136.8 -R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 120 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 136.8 +R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F2(HISTCONTR)3.986 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F2(HISTIGNORE)108 148.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G -.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F1 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F2(HISTCONTR)3.985 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F2(HISTIGNORE)108 148.8 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G +.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1 (cmdhist)108 160.8 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 (the same history entry)108 172.8 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.576 E F0 -.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 184.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 -(description of the)108 196.8 R F1(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F1(lithist)3.577 E F0 +.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 184.8 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 +(description of the)108 196.8 R F1(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F2 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 208.8 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 225.6 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE) --.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e) -108 237.6 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 -F .611(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F -.871(describes what syntax features are a)108 249.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G -3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F -2.013(can be disabled using the)108 261.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611 +(The shell supports a history e)108 237.6 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F1(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 +(describes what syntax features are a)108 249.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F +2.014(can be disabled using the)108 261.6 R F1(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F1(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 273.6 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E -(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 290.4 R 1.306 +(xpansion by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 290.4 R 1.305 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 -(commands, insert the ar)108 302.4 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 + input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 +(commands, insert the ar)108 302.4 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 314.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 314.4 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 331.2 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 343.2 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 355.2 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 -(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 367.2 R/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor) -3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F4(modi\214er)108 379.2 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 -(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 391.2 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 -(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 -(one w)108 403.2 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 415.2 Q +3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 355.2 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 +(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 367.2 R/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) +3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 379.2 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 +(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 391.2 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 +(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 +(one w)108 403.2 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 +(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 415.2 Q F1(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E F1(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e) -2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 -F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 444 T 3.163 -(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662 +F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 444 T 3.162 +(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662 (nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)-.25 F F1(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F1(extglob) -3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F1(\()3.162 E F0 +3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F1(\()3.163 E F0 (will also inhibit e)108 456 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 472.8 Q -.15(ve) --.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1(shopt)2.609 E -F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11 -(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 484.8 R F1 +-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1(shopt)2.61 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109 +(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 484.8 R F1 (histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143 (shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F1(shopt) 3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F1 --.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\ +-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\ stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 496.8 R -5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F -1.516(is reloaded into the)108 508.8 R F1 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E -F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.015 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F1(histr)108 520.8 -Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 +5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515 +(is reloaded into the)108 508.8 R F1 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 +1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.) +-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516 +(is being used, and the)4.016 F F1(histr)108 520.8 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 +1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 532.8 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F1<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 -(option to the)3.661 F F1(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 +1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F1<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16 +(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 (iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 544.8 -S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F1<ad73>2.555 -E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F1(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G -.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F1<ad73>2.556 +E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F1(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G +.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F (end of the history list without actually e)108 556.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 573.6 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 -585.6 R F1(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 +585.6 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F (mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 597.6 Q F1 -(Ev)87 614.4 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 626.4 R -.15(ve) +(Ev)87 614.4 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 626.4 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) + history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) 108 638.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 (ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 655.2 -Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 655.2 R 1.607 +Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 655.2 R 1.608 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F (\(when the)144 667.2 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 679.2 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to command line)144 @@ -6220,7 +6226,7 @@ Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 655.2 R 1.607 (This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)108 715.2 Q F4(string) A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\ on in the history list starting with)144 715.2 R F4(string)144 727.2 Q -F0(.).22 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(51)197.335 E 0 +F0(.).22 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(51)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 52 52 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6234,42 +6240,42 @@ ry list containing)144 96 R F2(string)144 108 Q F0 5(.T).22 G (he trailing)-5 E F1(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12 /Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 125 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3 -(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 132 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F -.784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E -F2(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 +(^)5 I F0 .783(Quick substitution.)144 132 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F +.784(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E +F2(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 (lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 144 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 (string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 (belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 156 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)144 156 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)87 172.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 184.8 S 1.313 +(Wo)87 172.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 184.8 S 1.314 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 -(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.53(from the w)108 196.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 +(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.529(from the w)108 196.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 -(are numbered from the be)108 208.8 R 1.3 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 -F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 220.8 Q +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 +(are numbered from the be)108 208.8 R 1.301 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F +(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 220.8 Q F1 2.5(0\()108 237.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 249.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2(n)108.36 261.6 Q F0(The)144 261.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 273.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 273.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 285.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 285.6 -R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 285.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 285.6 +R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 (gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 297.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 297.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 309.6 Q F0(The w)144 309.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) -.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 321.6 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 321.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C (bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 333.6 Q F0 -.315(All of the w)144 333.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +.316(All of the w)144 333.6 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 -(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 345.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 +(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 345.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 357.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 357.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 <78ad>108 369.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 369.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 @@ -6277,9 +6283,9 @@ F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 (ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 386.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e) -.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E (vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1 -(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .184 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 +(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .183 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 (wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 427.2 Q F1(h)108 444 Q F0(Remo)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) @@ -6296,70 +6302,70 @@ E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 504 Q F0 (Quote the substituted w)144 516 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 528 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A -F0(Substitute)144 540 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 -(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +F0(Substitute)144 540 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 552 R .617 +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 552 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 +5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 F .666(be quoted in)144 564 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 576 R(If) -5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 -(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn) --2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 576 R(If) +5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2 +(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775(fn) +-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E (ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 588 Q F2(string)2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&) 108 600 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 600 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g) -108 612 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.15 G -2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) -.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898 -('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 624 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) --.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 -(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 +108 612 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 612 R -.15(ve)-.15 G +2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.) +.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897 +('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 624 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w) +-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 +(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 (delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 636 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 -(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 648 Q F0(.)A +-.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 +(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 648 Q F0(.)A F1(G)108 660 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 660 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5 ('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt line.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 676.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E -(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 688.8 +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 688.8 R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ -receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 700.8 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0 -.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E +receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 700.8 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F1<adad>2.534 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F .078(do not treat)108 712.8 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E -5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0 -(,)A F1(br)2.577 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(let) -2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G -.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .319(ments be)108 -724.8 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319 -(without requiring)2.819 F F1<adad>2.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b) --5.319 F .319(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32 -(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11) -148.175 E(52)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 712.8 R F1<adad>4.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E +6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 +(,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 +E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) +-4.049 E F1(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F +.261(process ar)108 724.8 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) +-.15 F F1<ad>2.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F1<adad>2.761 E +F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 +(guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2015 August 15)142.895 E(52)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 53 53 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.144 -(accepting options interpret ar)108 84 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144 -(ginning with)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>3.643 E F0 1.143(as in) -3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.643 -E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F -(interpretation.)108 96 Q F1(:)108 114 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 126 R .451 -(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F -2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 138 R -(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 154.8 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E -F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 166.8 Q(ce)-.18 E -F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.154 +(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 84 R 1.154 +(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad> +3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154 +(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 96 +Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 114 Q F0([)2.5 E +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 126 R +.452(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F +(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an) +3.221 F 2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 +138 R(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 154.8 Q F2(\214lename) +6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 166.8 Q(ce) +-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 (Read and e)144 178.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02(cute commands from).15 F F2 (\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02 (vironment and return the e)-.4 F(xit)-.15 E 1.458 @@ -6369,67 +6375,67 @@ F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 .608(names in)144 202.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 214.8 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 +-5.608 F F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 214.8 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 (\214le is found in)144 226.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)144 -238.8 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)144 +238.8 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F (y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 250.8 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +(\214lename)144 250.8 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F1<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 262.8 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) -3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F1<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 262.8 Q F1(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) +3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 -(trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 +(trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 (restored around the call to)144 274.8 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 (cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 (not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 286.8 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 (completes. The)144 298.8 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 (xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 310.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 339.6 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 339.6 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E F2(name)144 351.6 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 363.6 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 363.6 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 (tution when the alias is e)144 375.6 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 -F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 387.6 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 +F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 387.6 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 399.6 Q F1(bg)108 416.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .745(Resume each suspended job)144 -428.4 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E -F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 440.4 Q F0 .671 -(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 +2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144 +428.4 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E +F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 440.4 Q F0 .672 +(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 (when job control is disabled or)144 452.4 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 464.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 464.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1(bind)108 481.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 493.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 @@ -6442,29 +6448,29 @@ G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 (function\255name)A F1(bind)108 541.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 553.2 R F1 -.18(re) -2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) -2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 565.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 577.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F -.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 553.2 R F1 -.18(re) +2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) +2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 565.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 577.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F +.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 589.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 -601.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 613.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 625.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 +601.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 613.2 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 625.2 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 637.2 Q F0 4.43(,a)C(nd)-4.43 E F2(vi\255insert)4.429 -E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929 -(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 1.929 -(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.929(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar) -180 649.2 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 661.2 Q F0 +(vi\255command)180 637.2 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.429 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.929 E F0 1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G +1.929(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0 +1.929(is equi)4.429 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.93(lent to).25 F F2 +(emacs\255standar)180 649.2 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 661.2 Q F0 (List the names of all)180 661.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 (functions.)2.5 E F1<ad70>144 673.2 Q F0(Display)180 673.2 Q F1 -.18(re) 2.5 G(adline).18 E F0(function names and bindings in such a w)2.5 E @@ -6475,7 +6481,7 @@ Q F0(List current)180 685.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 G 1.155(equences bound to macros and the strings the)-3.655 F 3.655(yo) -.15 G 1.155(utput in such a)-3.655 F -.1(wa)180 709.2 S 2.5(yt).1 G (hat the)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(an be re-read.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 -Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(53)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(53)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6502,122 +6508,122 @@ F0(.)A F1<ad78>144 216 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F1(:)A F2 (shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 228 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 240 Q F0 1.764(is e) -4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 240 Q F0 1.765(is e) +4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 (riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 252 S(adline).18 E -F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 -264 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 +264 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 276 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 276 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 288 -Q F0 .83(List all k)180 288 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +Q F0 .829(List all k)180 288 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) .15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 300 Q(The return v) 144 316.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 333.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 -(Exit from within a)144 345.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +E F1(br)108 333.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 +(Exit from within a)144 345.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 -E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 357.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 -(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 +E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 357.6 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 +(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 369.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2 (bu)108 386.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E -F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 398.4 Q .792 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 398.4 Q .793 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 +F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 -410.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 +410.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 422.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 434.4 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E (uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 463.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 463.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 475.2 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 475.2 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.254(subroutine call.)144 487.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 -(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ +.253(subroutine call.)144 487.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 +(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 -(This e)144 511.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E -3.019(0. The)144 523.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 -(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 535.2 Q +ent e)144 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) +144 511.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) +5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 523.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 +(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 535.2 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 564 R F2(dir) -2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 -(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.821 E -F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is)-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 576 R -3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035 +(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 564 R F2(dir) +2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 +(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E +F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 576 R +3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035 (guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.) -3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 -(the search path for the directory containing)144 588 R F2(dir)3.35 E F0 -3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 -(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F2(dir)144 600 Q F0 -5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E .849 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 588 R F2(dir)3.349 E +F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.35 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F2(dir)144 600 Q F0 +5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 (irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 612 Q F3(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F 4.162 +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 612 Q F3(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162 (,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662(.I) -.74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 +.74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 624 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G -(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 .191 -(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F .191 -(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 +.191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F +.19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 (symbolic links while tra)144 636 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) 3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F2(..)3.62 E F0 (in)3.62 E F2(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F1<ad50>3.62 E F0 .395(option to the)144 648 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 (iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>2.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 660 R F2(..) +-.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 660 R F2(..) 2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F2(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F2(..) 2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F2(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 -(ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 +(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 E .744(the immediately pre)144 672 R .744(vious pathname component from) -.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 -F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 684 R F1 -<ad65>3.966 E F0 1.466(option is supplied with)3.966 F F1<ad50>3.965 E -F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 -(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 +F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 684 R F1 +<ad65>3.965 E F0 1.465(option is supplied with)3.965 F F1<ad50>3.965 E +F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 +(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 (determined after a successful directory change,)144 696 R F1(cd)2.968 E -F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) -5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 708 R F1<ad40>2.837 E F0 .336 -(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 +F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) +5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 708 R F1<ad40>2.836 E F0 .336 +(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) 144 720 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(54)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(54)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .107 -(empty directory name from)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)2.607 E --.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F/F2 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.607 E F0 .106(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .106 +(empty directory name from)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CDP)2.606 E +-.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F/F2 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.607 E F0 .107(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107 (gument, and the directory change)-.18 F .038 (is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 96 R 2.538(ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F @@ -6625,42 +6631,42 @@ BP (as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command) 2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 136.8 Q F3 -(command)2.765 E F0(with)3.335 E F3(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 -F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 148.8 R -F1 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(command)2.764 E F0(with)3.334 E F3(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 +F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 148.8 R +F1 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.202 E -F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 160.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 -(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.201 E +F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 160.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F +.399(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.399 E .174(either the)144 172.8 R F2<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2 -<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F3 -(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F2<ad76>2.675 E -F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 184.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F -.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 -F F2<ad56>144 196.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 208.8 R F3(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 +5.4 E .175(either the)144 172.8 R F2<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2<ad76> +2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F3(command) +2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F2<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 +(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 184.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 +(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G +-.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F2 +<ad56>144 196.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F2<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 208.8 R F3(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F3 -(command)144.2 220.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 232.8 S +(command)144.2 220.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 232.8 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F2 (compgen)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 261.6 R +-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 261.6 R F3(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F3(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 -(accepted by the)144 273.6 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 +(accepted by the)144 273.6 R F2(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 285.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F -F2<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F2<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) -2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 -F(mable completion f)144 297.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +3.481 E F2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 285.6 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F2 +<ad46>2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F2<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F +.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F +(mable completion f)144 297.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 321.6 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ @@ -6670,63 +6676,63 @@ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144 (will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 369.6 Q (alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2 -(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C -F2<ad6f>-3.728 E F3(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E +(complete)108 386.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C +F2<ad6f>-3.729 E F3(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.729 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad41>-3.728 E F3(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad47> --3.728 E F3(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad57>-3.729 E F3(wor)3.729 -E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad46>-3.729 E F3(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 +-3.728 E F3(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad57>-3.728 E F3(wor)3.728 +E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad46>-3.728 E F3(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 398.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 410.4 Q F2<ad58>A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E (e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(]) A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.634(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634 -(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134 -F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633 -(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144 +.633(Specify ho)144 434.4 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633 +(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.133 E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 +F .634(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.134 E F0 .634 +(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e)144 446.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 -F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.) -144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3 -(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E -F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 +F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +(reused as input.)144 458.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 +(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 +(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 (are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 470.4 R(The)6.347 E -F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options) +F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options) 3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 482.4 R(`def)-.74 E (ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5 (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 494.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955 (viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 (the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 506.4 R -(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064 -(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 Q 1.437 +(`empty')-.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065 +(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 518.4 Q 1.438 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -542.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 +542.4 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 554.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556 -(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .555 +(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .855 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555 (he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555 -(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055 -(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F2<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary) -144 590.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E -F2<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E +(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.056 E F0 3.056 +(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F2<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723(options \(and, if necessary) +144 590.4 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F2<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E +F2<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 602.4 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F2<ad6f>144 614.4 Q -F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 626.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 +F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 626.4 Q F3(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 638.4 Q F3 (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 650.4 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 662.4 R(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 -674.4 Q F2(default)184 686.4 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 686.4 R 5.376 -(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 +674.4 Q F2(default)184 686.4 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 686.4 R 5.375 +(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) -224 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(55)197.335 E 0 -Cg EP +224 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(55)192.055 E +0 Cg EP %%Page: 56 56 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -6736,14 +6742,14 @@ BP SF(dir)184 84 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name completion if th\ e compspec generates no matches.)224 96 Q F1(\214lenames)184 108 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 120 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \214lenam\ -es, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134 +es, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E .134 (name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 132 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 (cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 144 R .45 (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 156 Q F1(noquote) 184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 168 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F (\214lenames is the def)224 180 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 192 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 192 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 204 S @@ -6751,7 +6757,7 @@ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 204 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 204 S F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 216 Q F1 (plusdirs)184 228 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 228 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.583(completion is attempted and an)224 240 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +.584(completion is attempted and an)224 240 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 252 Q F1<ad41>144 264 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 276 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E @@ -6794,156 +6800,156 @@ E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1 (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 660 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 660 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 672 Q F2 -(command)2.5 E(command)184 684 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +(command)2.5 E(command)184 684 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 June 11)148.175 E(56)197.335 E 0 Cg -EP +184 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2015 August 15)142.895 E(56)192.055 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 57 57 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad46>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 .113 +SF<ad46>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(function)2.5 E F0 .114 (The shell function)184 96 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 108 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 108 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 (are being completed, the second ar)184 120 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 132 R .104 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) --2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 144 R -.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 132 R .103 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) +-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 144 R +.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) -.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 156 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 168 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008 -(The pathname e)184 180 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 -E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) +E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 168 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007 +(The pathname e)184 180 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 +E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-) -.15 F(tions.)184 192 Q F1<ad50>144 204 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr) -184 216 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 +184 216 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 228 Q F1<ad53>144 240 Q F2(suf)2.5 E <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 240 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 252 Q F2(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 -(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007 -(each resultant w)184 276 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 264 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 +(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 +(each resultant w)184 276 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F (resultant list which match the w)184 288 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1<ad58>144 300 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 312 Q F0 .456 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +F1<ad58>144 300 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 312 Q F0 .455 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 324 R 1.596 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 336 Q F2(\214lterpat) -3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 +3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 348 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 364.8 R .466 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 364.8 R .467 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 -(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 -(plied without a)144 376.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 388.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 +(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 +(plied without a)144 376.8 R F2(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 388.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E F1(compopt)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 (name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 417.6 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 -.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 -(completion if no)144 429.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 -(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 +.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 +(completion if no)144 429.6 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 +(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 441.6 Q F2(name) -3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) +3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 453.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 453.6 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.227(the `)144 465.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ +1.228(the `)144 465.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\ mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \ -no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 477.6 R 2.178 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) +no)-3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 477.6 R 2.177 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F1<ad45>4.677 E F0 2.178 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) 144 489.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.387(The return v)144 513.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 +E 1.388(The return v)144 513.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F (options for a)144 525.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 542.4 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 554.4 R 1.754 +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 554.4 R 1.753 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 -(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 566.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 +(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 566.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10 /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 578.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 -(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) -3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 590.4 Q F1(declar)108 607.2 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 +(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) +3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 590.4 Q F1(declar)108 607.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 (typeset)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 <ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 631.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 631.2 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 643.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 -(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 -<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 655.2 Q F2(name)2.774 E -F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) -2.775 F(without)144 667.2 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 679.2 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 643.2 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 +(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 +<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 655.2 Q F2(name)2.775 E +F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) +2.774 F(without)144 667.2 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 679.2 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F1<ad70>3.681 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 691.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 (ariables. 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Q(2015 August 15)142.895 +E(77)192.055 E 0 Cg EP %%Trailer end %%EOF |