bash-5.0-beta2 releasebash-5.0-beta2

author: Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> 2018-11-23 15:32:57 -0500
committer: Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> 2018-11-23 15:32:57 -0500
commit: 2ae59c1134a75d5778997b7202b15b0586283042 (patch)
tree: 6a0fa496d41b222f5f69e3640d84932fb7a84778 /doc/bash.ps
parent: 2f5dfe5a18b4670eb4cea32c1c76295eb70a8865 (diff)
download: bash-5.0-beta2.tar.gz
1 files changed, 2835 insertions, 2796 deletions
diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps
index 5a7dc2d8..95122feb 100644
--- a/doc/bash.ps
+++ b/doc/bash.ps
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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 (ariable is)-.25 F(readonly)144 216 Q(.)-.65 E F1(FUNCN)108 228 Q(AME)
--.2 E F0 .478(An array v)144 240 R .479
+-.2 E F0 .479(An array v)144 240 R .479
 (ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e)
--.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .479(cution call stack.).15 F .277
-(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.777(x0i)-.15 G 2.777(st)-2.777 G .276
-(he name of an)-2.777 F 2.776(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.776 E -.15(xe)-.15
-G .276(cuting shell function.).15 F .276(The bottom-most)5.276 F .384
+-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .478(cution call stack.).15 F .276
+(The element with inde)144 252 R 2.776(x0i)-.15 G 2.776(st)-2.776 G .276
+(he name of an)-2.776 F 2.777(yc)-.15 G(urrently-e)-2.777 E -.15(xe)-.15
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 (element \(the one with the highest inde)144 264 R .384(x\) is)-.15 F/F4
-10/Courier@0 SF("main")2.884 E F0 5.384(.T)C .384(his v)-5.384 F .385
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 306 R .111(ariable can be used with)-.25 F F1 -.3(BA)2.611 G(SH_LINENO)
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-(ach element of)-5.111 F F1(FUNC-)2.611 E -.2(NA)144 318 S(ME).2 E F0
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 1.404(has corresponding elements in)3.904 F F1 -.3(BA)3.904 G(SH_LINENO)
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 (to describe the)3.904 F .012(call stack.)144 330 R -.15(Fo)5.012 G
 2.512(ri).15 G(nstance,)-2.512 E F1(${FUNCN)2.512 E(AME[)-.2 E F2($i)A
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-1.183(iltin displays the current call stack using).2 F
-(this information.)144 354 Q F1(GR)108 366 Q(OUPS)-.3 E F0 1.228
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 (An array v)144 378 R 1.228(ariable containing the list of groups of wh\
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-(subsequently reset.)144 402 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 414 Q F0 .355
-(The history number)144 426 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde)
--2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356
+3.072(ni).15 G 3.072(fi)-3.072 G 3.072(ti)-3.072 G(s)-3.072 E
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 (he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3
-(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F
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 (loses its special properties, e)144 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
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-.222(is e)2.722 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 498 R(def)
+(HOSTTYPE)108 474 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\
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-(When not in a script or)5.078 F .306(function, the v)144 546 R .306
-(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.307 E
-F3(LINENO)2.807 E F0 .307(is unset, it loses its)2.557 F
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+(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E
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 (special properties, e)144 558 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5
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 (CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\
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-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .898(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 594 Q F2
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-(An array v)144 618 R .293(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.793 E F0
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+(An array v)144 618 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0
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+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 144 Q F0 .117(The v)144 144 R .117
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+2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The)
+5.118 E(def)144 156 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
+(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 168 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 168 R 1.115
 (alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
-3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR)
-144 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 192 Q F0
-.101(The v)144 192 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101
-(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1
-(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 204 Q F0 .334
-(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F
+3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR)
+144 180 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 192 Q F0 .1
+(The v)144 192 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1
+(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101
+(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 204 Q F0 .335
+(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F
 .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335
-(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F
+(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-)2.584 F
 (cated multiple times, as necessary)144 216 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5
 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E
 (The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1
-(SHELL)108 228 Q F0 .664(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 240 R
+(SHELL)108 228 Q F0 .663(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 240 R
 .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25
-F .663(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 252 Q F1(bash)
+F .664(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 252 Q F1(bash)
 2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5
-(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 264 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826
+(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 264 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827
 (The v)144 276 R .826
 (alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
-3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 288 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0
-(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
-(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
+3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648
+(pipelines pre\214x)144 288 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0
+(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
+(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712
 (an escape sequence that is e)144 300 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
-.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
+.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F
 (and their meanings are as follo)144 312 Q
 (ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 330 Q F0 2.5
 (Al)194 330 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 342 Q/F3 10
@@ -2381,20 +2385,20 @@ F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194
 (The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 378 Q .87
 (The optional)144 394.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
 3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
-(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A)
-144 406.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
-(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026
-(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 418.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3
-(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
-F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 430.8 Q
-(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 447.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0
+(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A)
+144 406.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025
+(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025
+(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537
+(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 418.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3
+(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E
+F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 430.8 Q
+(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 447.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0
 .668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F
-F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 459.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
-(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365
-(If this v)144 476.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
-E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
+F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va)
+3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 459.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
+(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364
+(If this v)144 476.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
+E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
 144 488.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113
 (.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113
 (alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144
@@ -2403,184 +2407,184 @@ E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
 512.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 524.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,)
 -.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941
 (ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441
-G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 536.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31
-(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F
-.886(ing from a terminal.)144 548.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185
--.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885
+G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 536.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311
+(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F
+.885(ing from a terminal.)144 548.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886
 (alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 560.4
 S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1
 (Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1
 F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 572.4
-Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 584.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 596.4
-R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391
-(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39
-(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 608.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55
-G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 620.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 632.4
-R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531
-(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531
-(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 644.4 R
+Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 584.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 596.4
+R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39
+(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391
+(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 608.4 Q 2.5(su)
+-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 620.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144
+632.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531
+(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53
+(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 644.4 R
 .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\
- for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 656.4 S .366(isting stopped job)
-.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366
-(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F
-1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
-668.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this)
-3.805 F(conte)144 680.4 Q 1.132
+ for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 656.4 S .367(isting stopped job)
+.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366
+(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F
+1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
+668.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this)
+3.805 F(conte)144 680.4 Q 1.133
 (xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
-6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133
-(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625
+6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132
+(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624
 (match the name of a stopped job e)144 692.4 R .624(xactly; if set to)
--.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624
-(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884
+-.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625
+(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885
 (substring of the name of a stopped job)144 704.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
--5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885
-(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 716.4 Q F1(%?)3.334 E
-F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
+-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884
+(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 716.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E
+F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
 E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)
--.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315
+-.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .834(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316
 (must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 728.4 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
-(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
-F1(%)2.816 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(18)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .315(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
+F1(%)2.815 E F3(string)A F0(job)2.815 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(18)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 19 19
 %%BeginPageSetup
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 %%EndPageSetup
 /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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-84 Q(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)108 96 Q F0 2.07(The tw)
+84 Q(.)-.55 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histchars)108 96 Q F0 2.069(The tw)
 144 108 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)-4.57 G 2.07
 (hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07(xpansion and tok)
--.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.569 E(OR)
--.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 120 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715
-(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F/F3 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.216(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)
-3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G 1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798
+-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.57 E(OR)
+-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 120 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716
+(w\). The)-.25 F 1.216(\214rst character is the)3.716 F/F3 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.215(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)
+3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G 1.215(he character which)-3.715 F .798
 (signals the start of a history e)144 132 R .798(xpansion, normally `)
 -.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798(second character is the)3.298 F F3
 (quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 144 Q F0
-(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G .239
-(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24
-(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576
+(character)2.74 E 2.74(,w)-.4 G .239
+(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.74 F .239
+(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575
 (ing one string for another in the command.)144 156 R .575(The def)5.575
-F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575
-(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\
+F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .576
+(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\
  that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \
-char)144 168 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 180 R 1.294
-(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293
-(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F
-.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 192 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F
-.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F
+char)144 168 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 180 R 1.293
+(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.793('. The)B 1.294
+(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38
+(skipped for the remaining w)144 192 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379
+(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F
 (the rest of the line as a comment.)144 204 Q F1(Arrays)87 220.8 Q(Bash)
-108 232.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)
--.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89
+108 232.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+.891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .891
 (ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 244.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
-F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
-.329(an array)108 256.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr)
--.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F
-5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328
-(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 268.8 R
+2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F1(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
+F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
+.328(an array)108 256.8 R 2.828(,n)-.65 G .328(or an)-2.828 F 2.828(yr)
+-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .329(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F
+5.329(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.329 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(da).15 G .329
+(rrays are refer)-2.829 F(-)-.2 E 1.595(enced using inte)108 268.8 R
 1.595(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.595
 (xpressions\) and are zero-based; associati)-.15 F 1.895 -.15(ve a)-.25
 H 1.595(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108
 280.8 Q(Unless otherwise noted, inde)5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
 (rray indices must be non-ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .3 -.15
-(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.463(An inde)108 297.6 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F
-4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F
-F3(name)4.962 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 309.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A
-F0 6.548(.T)C(he)-6.548 E F3(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549
-(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15
-F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.549(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349
-E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S 1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-4.48(da).15 G(rray)-4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E
-4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.979
-(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E
+(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E(gers.)-.15 E 2.462(An inde)108 297.6 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 4.962(da).15 G 2.462(rray is created automatically if an)-4.962 F
+4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.463(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F
+F3(name)4.963 E F0([)A F3(sub-)A(script)108 309.6 Q F0(]=)A F3(value)A
+F0 6.549(.T)C(he)-6.549 E F3(subscript)4.389 E F0 1.549
+(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.729 F 1.549(xpression that must e)-.15
+F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.548(luate to a number).25 F 6.548(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.348
+E -.15(ex)108 321.6 S 1.979(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G 4.479(da).15 G(rray)-4.479 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48
+E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)-4.48 E F3(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F2 1.98
+(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E
 (w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108 333.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5
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 (subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)2.5 E(Associati)108 350.4 Q .3 -.15
 (ve a)-.25 H(rrays are created using).15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18
-G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 367.2 Q .94
+G(A)-2.5 E F3(name)2.5 E F0(.)A(Attrib)108 367.2 Q .941
 (utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F .941(ariable using the)
--.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E F1 -.18(re)3.441 G
-(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G 3.441(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.441 E
-(ute)-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 379.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647
+-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.44 E F1 -.18(re)3.44 G
+(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.44 G 3.44(iltins. Each).2 F(attrib)3.44 E(ute)
+-.2 E(applies to all members of an array)108 379.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.647
 (Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form)108 396 R
 F3(name)4.147 E F0(=)A F1(\()A F0 -.25(va)C(lue).25 E F3(1)A F0 1.647
-(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.147(,w)C 1.647(here each)
--4.147 F F3(value)108 408 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.332 F F3
+(... v)4.147 F(alue)-.25 E F3(n)A F1(\))A F0 4.148(,w)C 1.648(here each)
+-4.148 F F3(value)108 408 Q F0 1.833(is of the form [)4.333 F F3
 (subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(string)A F0 6.833(.I)C(nde)-6.833 E -.15(xe)-.15
-G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.833
-(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.333 E F0(.)A .164
+G 4.333(da).15 G 1.833(rray assignments do not require an)-4.333 F 1.832
+(ything b)-.15 F(ut)-.2 E F3(string)4.332 E F0(.)A .163
 (When assigning to inde)108 420 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.663(da).15 G .163
 (rrays, if the optional brack)-2.663 F .163
-(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G 2.663
-(sa)-2.663 G(ssigned)-2.663 E 1.41(to; otherwise the inde)108 432 R 3.91
-(xo)-.15 G 3.91(ft)-3.91 G 1.41(he element assigned is the last inde)
--3.91 F 3.911(xa)-.15 G 1.411(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)
--3.911 F(Inde)108 444 Q(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E
-(When assigning to an associati)108 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15
-E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)-2.5 E .24
-(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 477.6 R F1(declar)2.74 E(e)-.18
-E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .239
+(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.664(xi)-.15 G 2.664
+(sa)-2.664 G(ssigned)-2.664 E 1.411(to; otherwise the inde)108 432 R
+3.911(xo)-.15 G 3.911(ft)-3.911 G 1.411
+(he element assigned is the last inde)-3.911 F 3.91(xa)-.15 G 1.41
+(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.91 F(Inde)108 444 Q
+(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 460.8 Q
+.3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he subscript is required.)
+-2.5 E .239(This syntax is also accepted by the)108 477.6 R F1(declar)
+2.739 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.739 G 2.739(iltin. Indi).2 F .24
 (vidual array elements may be assigned to using the)-.25 F F3(name)108
 489.6 Q F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]=)A F3(value)A F0 1.917
-(syntax introduced abo)4.416 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917
+(syntax introduced abo)4.417 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 6.917(.W).15 G 1.917
 (hen assigning to an inde)-6.917 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.417(da).15 G(rray)
--4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.917(is sub-)
-4.597 F .116(scripted by a ne)108 501.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .416
--.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.616(,t)-.4 G .115
-(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.616 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
-2.615(oo).15 G .115(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E
+-4.417 E 4.417(,i)-.65 G(f)-4.417 E F3(name)4.777 E F0 1.916(is sub-)
+4.597 F .115(scripted by a ne)108 501.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .415
+-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.615(,t)-.4 G .115
+(hat number is interpreted as relati)-2.615 F .415 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
+2.615(oo).15 G .116(ne greater than the maximum inde)-2.615 F(x)-.15 E
 (of)108 513.6 Q F3(name)3.338 E F0 3.338(,s)C 3.338(on)-3.338 G -2.25
 -.15(eg a)-3.338 H(ti).15 E 1.138 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .838
 (ndices count back from the end of the array).15 F 3.338(,a)-.65 G .838
 (nd an inde)-3.338 F 3.338(xo)-.15 G 3.338<66ad>-3.338 G 3.338(1r)-3.338
 G .838(eferences the last)-3.338 F(element.)108 525.6 Q(An)108 542.4 Q
-3.576(ye)-.15 G 1.076(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)
--3.576 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.075
-(braces are required to a)3.575 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.541
+3.575(ye)-.15 G 1.075(lement of an array may be referenced using ${)
+-3.575 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0 3.575(]}. The)B 1.076
+(braces are required to a)3.576 F -.2(vo)-.2 G(id).2 E 1.542
 (con\215icts with pathname e)108 554.4 R 4.041(xpansion. If)-.15 F F3
 (subscript)4.041 E F0(is)4.041 E F1(@)4.041 E F0(or)4.041 E F1(*)4.041 E
 F0 4.041(,t)C 1.541(he w)-4.041 F 1.541(ord e)-.1 F 1.541
-(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.042 E F0(.)A 1.057
-(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.057(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057
-(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.056(If the w)6.056 F 1.056
-(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F3(name)A F0 .52([*]} e)B
-.52(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .52(ord with the v)-.1 F .521
+(xpands to all members of)-.15 F F3(name)4.041 E F0(.)A 1.056
+(These subscripts dif)108 566.4 R 1.056(fer only when the w)-.25 F 1.057
+(ord appears within double quotes.)-.1 F 1.057(If the w)6.057 F 1.057
+(ord is double-quoted,)-.1 F(${)108 578.4 Q F3(name)A F0 .521([*]} e)B
+.521(xpands to a single w)-.15 F .521(ord with the v)-.1 F .52
 (alue of each array member separated by the \214rst character)-.25 F
-1.375(of the)108 590.4 R F2(IFS)3.875 E F0 1.375(special v)3.625 F 1.375
+1.374(of the)108 590.4 R F2(IFS)3.874 E F0 1.374(special v)3.624 F 1.375
 (ariable, and ${)-.25 F F3(name)A F0 1.375([@]} e)B 1.375
-(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.374(to a separate w)
-3.875 F 3.874(ord. When)-.1 F 2.027(there are no array members, ${)108
+(xpands each element of)-.15 F F3(name)3.875 E F0 1.375(to a separate w)
+3.875 F 3.875(ord. When)-.1 F 2.028(there are no array members, ${)108
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-2.028(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.028(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .759
+2.027(If the double-quoted e)7.028 F 2.027(xpansion occurs)-.15 F .758
 (within a w)108 614.4 R .759(ord, the e)-.1 F .759
 (xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759
-(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .515(and the e)108
+(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108
 626.4 R .516(xpansion of the last parameter is joined with the last par\
-t of the original w)-.15 F 3.016(ord. This)-.1 F .516(is analogous)3.016
-F .228(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15
+t of the original w)-.15 F 3.015(ord. This)-.1 F .515(is analogous)3.015
+F .227(to the e)108 638.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15
 F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228
-(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727
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 (\). ${#).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 650.4
 S .886(pands to the length of ${).15 F F3(name)A F0([)A F3(subscript)A
 F0 3.386(]}. If)B F3(subscript)3.386 E F0(is)3.386 E F1(*)3.386 E F0(or)
 3.386 E F1(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886
-(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .295(ments in the array)108 662.4
-R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0
+(xpansion is the number of ele-)-.15 F .294(ments in the array)108 662.4
+R 5.294(.I)-.65 G 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0
 .295(used to reference an element of an inde)3.475 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294
-(luates to a number).25 F .628
-(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 674.4 R .928 -.15(ve t)
--.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .629(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F
-3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G
-3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+2.795(da).15 G .295(rray e)-2.795 F -.25(va)-.25 G .295
+(luates to a number).25 F .629
+(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 674.4 R .929 -.15(ve t)
+-.25 H 3.128(oo).15 G .628(ne greater than the maximum inde)-3.128 F
+3.128(xo)-.15 G 3.128(ft)-3.128 G .628(he array)-3.128 F 3.128(,s)-.65 G
+3.128(on)-3.128 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.128 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
 (indices count back from the end of the array)108 686.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G
 (nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
 (eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108
@@ -2589,7 +2593,7 @@ R 5.295(.I)-.65 G 2.795(ft)-5.295 G(he)-2.795 E F3(subscript)3.135 E F0
 108 715.2 R 2.5(yr)-.15 G(eference to a v)-2.5 E(ariable using a v)-.25
 E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F1(bash)2.5 E
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+Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(19)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 20 20
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 BP
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 (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(An array v)108 84
 Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E
 2.5(alue. The)-.25 F(null string is a v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E
-.417(It is possible to obtain the k)108 100.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\()
-.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918
+.418(It is possible to obtain the k)108 100.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.918(s\()
+.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.917
 (alues. ${)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A
-F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 112.8 S .75(pand to the indices assigned in array v)
-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749
+(name)A F0([)A F2(@)A F0 .417(]} and ${)B F1(!)A F2(name)A F0([)A F2(*)A
+F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 112.8 S .749
+(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)
+3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .75
 (he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108
 124.8 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F2(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5
 E F2(*)2.5 E F0(within double quotes.)2.5 E(The)108 141.6 Q F1(unset)
-2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1
+2.767 E F0 -.2(bu)2.767 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1
 G(rrays.)-2.767 E F1(unset)5.267 E F2(name)2.767 E F0([)A F2(subscript)A
 F0 2.767(]d)C(estro)-2.767 E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)
--.15 E F2(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 153.6 Q F0 3.975(,f)C 1.475
-(or both inde)-3.975 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.975(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati)
--3.975 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
+-.15 E F2(sub-)2.766 E(script)108 153.6 Q F0 3.974(,f)C 1.474
+(or both inde)-3.974 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(nd associati)
+-3.974 F 1.774 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.974(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
 .05 E 1.774 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.474(ubscripts to inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G 3.974(da).15 G 1.474(rrays are interpreted as)-3.974 F .614
-(described abo)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.614(.U).15 G .614
-(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.614 F .615
-(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.615 E F2
-(name)3.115 E F0(,)A(where)108 177.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5
+G 3.975(da).15 G 1.475(rrays are interpreted as)-3.975 F .615
+(described abo)108 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.615(.U).15 G .615
+(nsetting the last element of an array v)-5.615 F .614
+(ariable does not unset the v)-.25 F(ariable.)-.25 E F1(unset)5.614 E F2
+(name)3.114 E F0(,)A(where)108 177.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)2.5
 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F1(unset)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0([)A F2
 (subscript)A F0(], where)A F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0
 (or)2.5 E F1(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G
-(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .848(When using a v)108 194.4 R .848
+(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E .847(When using a v)108 194.4 R .848
 (ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .848
-(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.347 E F0 3.347(,w)C
-(ithout)-3.347 E .344(using the w)108 206.4 R .344(ord e)-.1 F .344
+(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F1(unset)3.348 E F0 3.348(,w)C
+(ithout)-3.348 E .345(using the w)108 206.4 R .345(ord e)-.1 F .345
 (xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.845(,t).15 G .345
-(he ar)-2.845 F .345(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.845
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.845 E(name e)108 218.4 Q
+(he ar)-2.845 F .344(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 2.844
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)2.844 E(name e)108 218.4 Q
 (xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E
-(The)108 235.2 Q F1(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.574 E F0
-3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G
+(The)108 235.2 Q F1(declar)3.573 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(local)3.573 E F0
+3.573(,a)C(nd)-3.573 E F1 -.18(re)3.573 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.573 G
 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F1<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073
-(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073
-(rray and a)-3.573 F F1<ad41>3.573 E F0 .338
+(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.574(da).15 G 1.074
+(rray and a)-3.574 F F1<ad41>3.574 E F0 .339
 (option to specify an associati)108 247.2 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray)
 .15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,)
 -2.838 F F1<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The)
-5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441
+5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.838 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.838 G(iltin).2 E .44
 (accepts a)108 259.2 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441
 (option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441
 (ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he)
--5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+-5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.941 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
 (bu)108 271.2 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
 (ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95
 /Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 288 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perform\
 ed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 300 R 3.26
 (ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76
-(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)
+(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 312 S .369(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)
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-(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369
+(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .37
 (command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 324 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)2.5
 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E
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-.418(The order of e)108 340.8 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418
-(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .419
-(ariable e)-.25 F .419(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S
-.196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F
-.195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-)
+.419(The order of e)108 340.8 R .419(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .418
+(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .418(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .418
+(ariable e)-.25 F .418(xpansion, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 352.8 S
+.195(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15 F
+.196(ashion\); w)-.1 F .196(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-)
 -.15 E(sion.)108 364.8 Q .257
 (On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 381.6 R
 .257(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.757 E .257
-(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2
+(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .256(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2
 E(formed at the same time as tilde, parameter)108 393.6 Q 2.5(,v)-.4 G
 (ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.)
--.15 E .003(After these e)108 410.4 R .003
+-.15 E .002(After these e)108 410.4 R .003
 (xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w)
--.15 F .002(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.502(du).15 G .002
-(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
+-.15 F .003(ord are remo)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(du).15 G .003
+(nless the)-2.503 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
 (een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F2(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1
-E F0(\).)A 1.19(Only brace e)108 439.2 R 1.19(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.19
+E F0(\).)A 1.191(Only brace e)108 439.2 R 1.191(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.191
 (ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.191
-(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.191(ords of the)-.1 F
--.15(ex)108 451.2 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15
-F 1.165(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
-(ord. The)-.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the)
--.15 F -.15(ex)108 463.2 S 1.244(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.744
-("a)C 1.244(nd ")-3.744 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245
-(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.745 E F2
-(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.245(as e)3.745 F 1.245(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.545
+(xpansion can increase the number of w)-.15 F 1.19(ords of the)-.1 F
+-.15(ex)108 451.2 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15
+F 1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
+(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the)
+-.15 F -.15(ex)108 463.2 S 1.245(pansions of ").15 F F1($@)A F0 3.745
+("a)C 1.245(nd ")-3.745 F F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 1.245
+(", and, in most cases,)B F1($*)3.745 E F0(and)3.745 E F1(${)3.744 E F2
+(name)A F1([*]})A F0 1.244(as e)3.744 F 1.244(xplained abo)-.15 F 1.544
 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)108 475.2 S
 (RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 492 Q
 F2(Br)108.58 504 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
@@ -2689,53 +2694,53 @@ F2(Br)108.58 504 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
 2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
 (ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
 .415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G
-(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 528 R F2(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
+(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 528 R F2(pr)2.651 E(eamble)
 -.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151
 (wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
 F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 540 R .563
 (wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563
 (he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\
 ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \
-resulting string, e)108 552 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108
-564 Q .718(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719
+resulting string, e)108 552 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108
+564 Q .719(Brace e)108 580.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719
 (The results of each e)5.719 F .719
 (xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
 108 592.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
-(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
-108 609.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743
-(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A
-F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)
-3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)
--.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
+(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As)
+108 609.6 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742
+(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A
+F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F2(y)
+3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,)
+-.15 F(and)108 621.6 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G
 .532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G
 .532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532
-(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108
-633.6 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
--2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077
-(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077
-(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014
-(same width.)108 645.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)
-2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
+(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108
+633.6 R F2(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi)
+-2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077
+(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078
+(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015
+(same width.)108 645.6 R .015(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or)
+2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\
 empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
 (the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 657.6 R
 6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F
 (xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 669.6 S 1.064(pands to each character le)
 .15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E
 F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G
-1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984
-(that both)108 681.6 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983
-(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983
+1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983
+(that both)108 681.6 R F2(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F2(y)3.483 E F0 .983
+(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984
 (When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference)
 -.25 E(between each term.)108 693.6 Q(The def)5 E
-(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108
-710.4 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
-(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
-(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.209
-(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.209(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209
+(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108
+710.4 R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581
+(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581
+(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E 1.208
+(are preserv)108 722.4 R 1.208(ed in the result.)-.15 F 1.209
 (It is strictly te)6.209 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)6.209 E F0 1.209
-(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.208
+(does not apply an)3.709 F 3.709(ys)-.15 G 1.209
 (yntactic interpretation to the)-3.709 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(20)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(20)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 21 21
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
@@ -2743,17 +2748,17 @@ BP
 /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
 (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(conte)108 84 Q
 (xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132
+-.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 100.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132
 (xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\
-t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441
+t one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 112.8 R 3.441
 (alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
+(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
 (unchanged. A)108 124.8 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E
 F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15
 (ve)-.25 G .255(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)
--.15 E 2.911(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
+-.15 E 2.91(sion. T)108 136.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41
 (id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
+F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
 (xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 148.8 Q
 (xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\
 ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\
@@ -2764,167 +2769,168 @@ gs to be generated is)108 165.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 177.6 Q .3
 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 235.2 R .618
 (xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
 .618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 247.2 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G
+.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 259.2 Q -.15
 (ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
 (ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
 (or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh)
 3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 271.2 Q F0
-.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F
-.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515
-(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
+.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F
+.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514
+(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436
 (If strict compatibility with)108 283.2 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
 (is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1
-(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
+(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437
 (xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 295.2 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
 (set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
 (UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)
-87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 324 R 1.086(ord be)-.1
-F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087
+87 312 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 324 R 1.087(ord be)-.1
+F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086
 ('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\
  \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a)
 108 336 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
--5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\214x\
- are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .726
-(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .523
-(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
+-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\
+ are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 348 R .725
+(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 360 Q .522
+(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522
 (his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287
-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
+-3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 372 Q/F4 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287
+(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286
+(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\
 ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .093
+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 384 Q .092
 (If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 400.8 R .092
 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
-(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
-5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 412.8 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903
+(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
+5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 412.8 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904
 (alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
-.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo)
-5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642
-(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.142
-E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641
-(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\
+.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo)
+5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641
+(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 424.8 R F2(N)4.141
+E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642
+(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\
 ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108
-436.8 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 448.8 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G
-.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
-.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454
+436.8 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 448.8 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G
+.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
+.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455
 (wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F
 (consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)
 108 460.8 Q(If the login name is in)108 477.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
 (lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E
-(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 494.4 R .167
+(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 494.4 R .167
 (ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)
 -.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E
-F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E
-.468(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .468(xpansion is also performed.)
--.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467
+F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E
+.467(these cases, tilde e)108 506.4 R .467(xpansion is also performed.)
+-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468
 (ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108
 518.4 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)
 -.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
 .855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E
-(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 535.2 R .023
-(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F
-.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 547.2 Q .77 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0
-.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469
-(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F
+(alue.)-.25 E .024(Bash also performs tilde e)108 535.2 R .024
+(xpansion on w)-.15 F .023(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F
+.023(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 547.2 Q .769 -.15
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.969 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0
+.469(when the)2.719 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469
+(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .47(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F
 -.15(ex)108 559.2 S(cept for the).15 E F2(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0
 (commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F2
 (posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(Pa)87 576 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0
-1.605(The `)108 588 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605
-(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606
-(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106
-(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 600 R
-.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406
-(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032
-(tect the v)108 612 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032
-(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033
+1.606(The `)108 588 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606
+(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F 1.605
+(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105
+(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 600 R
+.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407
+(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033
+(tect the v)108 612 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033
+(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032
 (wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 624
-Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)
-108 640.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189
-(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15
-(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 652.8 R 2.15
-(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 664.8 S
-(pansion.).15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205
-(The v)144 693.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F
-F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264
+Q 1.189
+(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108
+640.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)
+-3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108
+652.8 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15
+(ex)108 664.8 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 681.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0
+(})A 1.204(The v)144 693.6 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter)
+-.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204
+(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
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 189.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 201.6 Q F2(!)A F1
-(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 213.6 R(eys)
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-(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595
-(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 237.6 Q F0
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+(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F 3.095(,e)-.65 G .595
+(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596
+(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 237.6 Q F0
 (is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)
 -.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108
-254.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 266.4 S .47
-(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)
--5.47 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .471
-(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144
-278.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708
-(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208
+254.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 266.4 S .471
+(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471
+(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)
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+4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 278.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or)
+3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208
 (alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If)
-6.208 E F1(par)4.958 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.208(is an)4.438 F .348
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 (array name subscripted by)144 290.4 R F2(*)2.849 E F0(or)2.849 E F2(@)
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-(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 F 5.349
-(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.349 E F1(par)145.25 302.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .456
-(is an inde)3.686 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.956(da).15 G .456
-(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.956 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756
--.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.955(,t)-.4 G .455
-(hat number is interpreted)-2.955 F .972(as relati)144 314.4 R 1.272
--.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.472(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde)
--3.472 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-3.473(,s)C 3.473(on)-3.473 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.473 H(ti).15 E 1.273
--.15(ve i)-.25 H .973(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array)
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+(rray name subscripted by a ne)-2.955 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .756
+-.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E 2.956(,t)-.4 G .456
+(hat number is interpreted)-2.956 F .973(as relati)144 314.4 R 1.273
+-.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.473(oo).15 G .973(ne greater than the maximum inde)
+-3.473 F 3.473(xo)-.15 G(f)-3.473 E F1(par)3.473 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
+3.472(,s)C 3.472(on)-3.472 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.472 H(ti).15 E 1.272
+-.15(ve i)-.25 H .972(ndices count back).15 F(from the end of the array)
 144 326.4 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5
 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 343.2 Q F1
 (par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(#)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 355.2 Q F1
@@ -3054,90 +3060,89 @@ G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E(${)108 343.2 Q F1
 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F
 (n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.196
 (is e)4.466 F 1.196(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F
-.543(name e)144 379.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544
+.544(name e)144 379.2 R .544(xpansion, and matched ag)-.15 F .544
 (ainst the e)-.05 F .544(xpanded v)-.15 F .544(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)
-4.294 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .544(using the rules described)3.774 F(under)
-144 391.2 Q F2 -.1(Pa)3.222 G(tter).1 E 3.222(nM)-.15 G(atching)-3.222 E
-F0(belo)3.222 E 4.522 -.65(w. I)-.25 H 3.222(ft).65 G .721
-(he pattern matches the be)-3.222 F .721(ginning of the v)-.15 F .721
-(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.221 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(,).73 E 1.151
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 (then the result of the e)144 403.2 R 1.151(xpansion is the e)-.15 F
-1.151(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.151(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.902 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F0 1.152(with the shortest matching)4.382 F .184(pattern \(the `)144
-415.2 R(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0 1.664 -.74('' c)D .184
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 (ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0
-1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.183 E F1(par)3.933 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F2(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 427.2 Q F2(*)3.018 E
-F0 3.018(,t)C .518(he pattern remo)-3.018 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.018(lo).25
+1.664 -.74('' c)D .184(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.184 E F1(par)3.934 E
+(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.414 E F2(@)2.684 E F0(or)144 427.2 Q F2(*)3.019 E
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 G .518
 (peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)
--3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 439.2 R(If)
+-3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.121(sion is the resultant list.)144 439.2 R(If)
 6.121 E F1(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F
 1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F2(*)
-3.621 E F0 3.621(,t)C 1.121(he pattern)-3.621 F(remo)144 451.2 Q -.25
+3.622 E F0 3.622(,t)C 1.122(he pattern)-3.622 F(remo)144 451.2 Q -.25
 (va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03
 (peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
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 480 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(%)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A(${)108 492
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-504 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0
-5.147(.T)C(he)-5.147 E F1(wor)2.647 E(d)-.37 E F0 .147(is e)2.647 F .146
+504 Q .346 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .146(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15 E F0
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-S .458(pansion, and matched ag).15 F .458(ainst the e)-.05 F .458
-(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-.459(using the rules described under)3.689 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 528 S(tter).1
-E 4.593(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.593 E F0(belo)4.593 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25
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+(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)4.208 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
+.458(using the rules described under)3.688 F F2 -.1(Pa)144 528 S(tter).1
+E 4.592(nM)-.15 G(atching)-4.592 E F0(belo)4.592 E 5.892 -.65(w. I)-.25
 H 4.592(ft).65 G 2.092(he pattern matches a trailing portion of the e)
--4.592 F 2.092(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 540 Q
+-4.592 F 2.093(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.093(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)144 540 Q
 (ameter)-.15 E F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65
 (xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085
-(matching pattern \(the `)144 552 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D
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+(matching pattern \(the `)144 552 R(`)-.74 E F2(%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D
 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74 E F2
-(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F1(par)
-145.25 564 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F2(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2
-(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15 G
-2.659(lo).25 G .16
-(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51
-(and the e)144 576 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.51
-E F1(par)4.259 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .509(is an array v)3.739 F .509
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F2(*)3.009 E
-F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 588 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G
-.422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
--2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 600 Q(${)108
+(%%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F1(par)
+145.25 564 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.39 E F2(@)2.66 E F0(or)2.66 E F2(*)
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+.25 G .159(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)
+-2.659 F .509(and the e)144 576 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)
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+-2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 600 Q(${)108
 616.8 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(/)A F1(pattern)A F2(/)A F1(string)A F0
-(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 628.8 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607
-E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F1(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F
-1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)
+(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 628.8 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606
+E F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F1(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F
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 -.15 E(sion,)144 640.8 Q F1 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2
 (is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F1(pattern)3.7 E
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-(string)144 652.8 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397
-(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F2 -.1
-(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E
-4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F1(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 664.8 Q F0(be)
-2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F2(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069
-(ll matches of)-2.569 F F1(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with)
-2.569 F F1(string)2.57 E F0 5.07(.N)C .07
-(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 676.8 R
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-(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079
-(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 688.8 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F1
-(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F2(%)3.261 E F0
-3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F
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-F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F1(string)144 700.8 Q F0 .958
-(is null, matches of)3.458 F F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958
-(are deleted and the)3.458 F F2(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E
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+(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.396 F F2 -.1
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+2.579(replaced. If)144 676.8 R F1(pattern)2.579 E F0(be)2.579 E .079
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+(wing)-.25 E F1(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958(may be omitted.)3.458 F .958
+(If the)5.958 F F2(nocasematch)144 712.8 Q F0 .492
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-(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.)
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+(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .883(betic characters.)
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 (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.002
 (parameter in turn, and the e)144 84 R 1.002
 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)6.002 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(par)4.752 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.002(is an array v)4.232 F 1.002
-(ariable sub-)-.25 F .159(scripted with)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659 E F2(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitutio\
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+(ariable sub-)-.25 F .158(scripted with)144 96 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
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 (the e)144 108 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 124.8 Q
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 (ameter)-.15 E F2(,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 160.8 Q F1(par)A
-(ameter)-.15 E F2(,,)A F1(pattern)A F0(})A F2 .437(Case modi\214cation)
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+144 172.8 R F0 5.438(.T)C .438(his e)-5.438 F .437
 (xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F1(par)
-2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F1(pattern)144 184.8 Q
-F0 1.407(is e)3.907 F 1.407
-(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.906
-(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.406(character in the)3.906 F -.15(ex)144 196.8
-S 1.231(panded v).15 F 1.231(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E
+2.937 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.437(.T)C(he)-5.437 E F1(pattern)144 184.8 Q
+F0 1.406(is e)3.906 F 1.407
+(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907
+(xpansion. Each)-.15 F 1.407(character in the)3.907 F -.15(ex)144 196.8
+S 1.232(panded v).15 F 1.232(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.732 E(ameter)-.15 E
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 208.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G 2.924(rted. The).15 F .424
@@ -3170,88 +3175,88 @@ F0 1.232(is tested ag)3.732 F(ainst)-.05 E F1(pattern)3.732 E F0 3.732
 -.15(ve)144 220.8 S .61(rts lo).15 F .61(wercase letters matching)-.25 F
 F1(pattern)3.11 E F0 .61(to uppercase; the)3.11 F F2(,)3.11 E F0 .61
 (operator con)3.11 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .61(rts matching uppercase).15 F
-1.548(letters to lo)144 232.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E
+1.547(letters to lo)144 232.8 R 4.047(wercase. The)-.25 F F2(^^)4.047 E
 F0(and)4.047 E F2(,,)4.047 E F0 -.15(ex)4.047 G 1.547(pansions con).15 F
 -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.547(rt each matched character in the e).15 F(xpanded)
--.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .633(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.133 E F0(and)3.133
-E F2(,)3.133 E F0 -.15(ex)3.133 G .633(pansions match and con).15 F -.15
-(ve)-.4 G .634(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .634
-(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.134(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 256.8 Q F0 .78
+-.15 E -.25(va)144 244.8 S .634(lue; the).25 F F2(^)3.134 E F0(and)3.134
+E F2(,)3.134 E F0 -.15(ex)3.134 G .634(pansions match and con).15 F -.15
+(ve)-.4 G .633(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F .633
+(xpanded v)-.15 F 3.133(alue. If)-.25 F F1(pattern)144 256.8 Q F0 .78
 (is omitted, it is treated lik)3.28 F 3.28(ea)-.1 G F2(?)A F0 3.28(,w)C
 .78(hich matches e)-3.28 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .78(ry character).15 F 5.78
 (.I)-.55 G(f)-5.78 E F1(par)4.53 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)4.01 E F2(@)3.28
 E F0(or)3.28 E F2(*)3.28 E F0(,)A .582(the case modi\214cation operatio\
 n is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)144 268.8 R
-(xpansion)-.15 E .469(is the resultant list.)144 280.8 R(If)5.469 E F1
+(xpansion)-.15 E .468(is the resultant list.)144 280.8 R(If)5.468 E F1
 (par)4.218 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .468(is an array v)3.698 F .468
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.968 E
-F0 2.968(,t)C .468(he case modi\214ca-)-2.968 F(tion operation is appli\
+(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.968 E F0(or)2.968 E F2(*)2.969 E
+F0 2.969(,t)C .469(he case modi\214ca-)-2.969 F(tion operation is appli\
 ed to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 292.8 Q
 (xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 309.6 Q F1(par)A(ameter)
 -.15 E F2(@)A F1(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 321.6 S .86
 (rameter transf).1 F(ormation)-.25 E F0 5.86(.T)C .86(he e)-5.86 F .86
 (xpansion is either a transformation of the v)-.15 F .86(alue of)-.25 F
-F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .154(or information about)144 333.6 R F1
-(par)2.654 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.654 F
-.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.153(.E)C(ach)-5.153
-E F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .153(is a sin-)2.653 F(gle letter:)144
-345.6 Q F2(Q)144 369.6 Q F0 1.064(The e)180 369.6 R 1.064
+F1(par)3.36 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(or information about)144 333.6 R F1
+(par)2.653 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .153(itself, depending on the v)2.653 F
+.153(alue of)-.25 F F1(oper)2.653 E(ator)-.15 E F0 5.154(.E)C(ach)-5.154
+E F1(oper)2.654 E(ator)-.15 E F0 .154(is a sin-)2.654 F(gle letter:)144
+345.6 Q F2(Q)144 369.6 Q F0 1.065(The e)180 369.6 R 1.065
 (xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F 1.065(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)
-3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.065(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F
-(reused as input.)180 381.6 Q F2(E)144 393.6 Q F0 .441(The e)180 393.6 R
+3.565 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.064(quoted in a format that can be)3.565 F
+(reused as input.)180 381.6 Q F2(E)144 393.6 Q F0 .44(The e)180 393.6 R
 .441(xpansion is a string that is the v)-.15 F .441(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .44(with backslash escape sequences)2.94 F
--.15(ex)180 405.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E F0
-(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 417.6 Q F0 1.072(The e)180 417.6 R
+(par)2.941 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .441(with backslash escape sequences)2.941
+F -.15(ex)180 405.6 S(panded as with the).15 E F2($'...)2.5 E(')-.55 E
+F0(quoting mechanism.)2.5 E F2(P)144 417.6 Q F0 1.073(The e)180 417.6 R
 1.073(xpansion is a string that is the result of e)-.15 F 1.073
 (xpanding the v)-.15 F 1.073(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)3.573 E(ameter)-.15 E
 F0 1.073(as if it)3.573 F(were a prompt string \(see)180 429.6 Q F2(PR)
-2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 441.6 Q F0 1.138
+2.5 E(OMPTING)-.3 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(A)144 441.6 Q F0 1.137
 (The e)180 441.6 R 1.138
 (xpansion is a string in the form of an assignment statement or)-.15 F
-F2(declar)3.637 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.637 E(that, if e)180 453.6 Q
+F2(declar)3.638 E(e)-.18 E F0(command)3.638 E(that, if e)180 453.6 Q
 -.25(va)-.25 G(luated, will recreate).25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
 (with its attrib)2.5 E(utes and v)-.2 E(alue.)-.25 E F2(a)144 465.6 Q F0
 (The e)180 465.6 Q(xpansion is a string consisting of \215ag v)-.15 E
 (alues representing)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.1 -.55('s a)D
-(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(par)5.33 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-(is)4.81 E F2(@)4.08 E F0(or)4.08 E F2(*)4.08 E F0 4.08(,t)C 1.581
+(ttrib).55 E(utes.)-.2 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1(par)5.331 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
+(is)4.811 E F2(@)4.081 E F0(or)4.081 E F2(*)4.081 E F0 4.081(,t)C 1.58
 (he operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the)
--4.08 F -.15(ex)144 494.4 S .13(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F(If)
-5.13 E F1(par)3.88 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.36 F .129
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.629 E F0(or)2.629 E F2(*)2.629 E
-F0 2.629(,t)C .129(he oper)-2.629 F(-)-.2 E
+-4.081 F -.15(ex)144 494.4 S .129(pansion is the resultant list.).15 F
+(If)5.129 E F1(par)3.879 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .129(is an array v)3.359 F
+.13(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F2(@)2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F2(*)2.63 E
+F0 2.63(,t)C .13(he oper)-2.63 F(-)-.2 E
 (ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144
-506.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.849
-(The result of the e)144 530.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F
-1.849(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.85(xpansion as described)-.15
-F(belo)144 542.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 559.2 Q F1
-1.698(Command substitution)108 571.2 R F0(allo)4.198 E 1.697
-(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.697
-(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 583.2 Q F2($\()144 600 Q F1
+506.4 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E 1.85(The result of the e)
+144 530.4 R 1.849(xpansion is subject to w)-.15 F 1.849
+(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F 1.849(xpansion as described)-.15 F
+(belo)144 542.4 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G F2(Command Substitution)87 559.2 Q F1
+1.697(Command substitution)108 571.2 R F0(allo)4.197 E 1.697
+(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F 1.698
+(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 583.2 Q F2($\()144 600 Q F1
 (command)A F2(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 612 Q F2<92>144 624 Q F1(command)A F2
-<92>A(Bash)108 640.8 Q F0 .088(performs the e)2.588 F .088
-(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.588 E F0
-.089(in a subshell en)2.589 F .089(vironment and replacing the command)
+<92>A(Bash)108 640.8 Q F0 .089(performs the e)2.589 F .089
+(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(command)2.589 E F0
+.088(in a subshell en)2.589 F .088(vironment and replacing the command)
 -.4 F .41(substitution with the standard output of the command, with an)
 108 652.8 R 2.91(yt)-.15 G .41(railing ne)-2.91 F .41(wlines deleted.)
--.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .191(lines are not deleted, b)
+-.25 F .41(Embedded ne)5.41 F(w-)-.25 E .192(lines are not deleted, b)
 108 664.8 R .192(ut the)-.2 F 2.692(ym)-.15 G .192(ay be remo)-2.692 F
 -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.692(dd).15 G .192(uring w)-2.692 F .192(ord splitting.)
--.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.692 E F1(\214le)
-2.692 E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 676.8 Q -.25(va)-.25
+-.1 F .192(The command substitution)5.192 F F2($\(cat)2.691 E F1(\214le)
+2.691 E F2(\))A F0(can be replaced by the equi)108 676.8 Q -.25(va)-.25
 G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F2($\(<)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F2
 (\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\
  used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 693.6 R(xcept)-.15 E
-.314(when follo)108 705.6 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.814 E F0(,)A F2
-<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F2(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\
+.315(when follo)108 705.6 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F2($)2.815 E F0(,)A F2
+<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F2(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\
 e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \
-sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 717.6 R 1.387(using the $\()
-3.887 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386
-(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G
-3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F
+sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 717.6 R 1.386(using the $\()
+3.886 F F1(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387
+(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G
+3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F
 (mand; none are treated specially)108 729.6 Q(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72
-768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(24)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(24)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 25 25
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
@@ -3262,57 +3267,57 @@ BP
 .894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F
 (quotes with backslashes.)108 96 Q .422
 (If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 112.8 R .422
-(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15
+(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15
 F(on the results.)108 124.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(Arithmetic Expansion)87 141.6 Q F0 1.034(Arithmetic e)108 153.6 R 1.034
-(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.034(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034
-(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.035
+(Arithmetic Expansion)87 141.6 Q F0 1.035(Arithmetic e)108 153.6 R 1.035
+(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034
+(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F 1.034
 (xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F
 (The format for arithmetic e)108 165.6 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()
 144 182.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1
-(\)\))A F0(The)108 199.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.666 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0
-.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.906 F .165
-(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .23
-(treated specially)108 211.2 R 5.23(.A)-.65 G .23(ll tok)-5.23 F .231
+(\)\))A F0(The)108 199.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.665 G(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0
+.165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)2.905 F .166
+(ut a double quote inside the parentheses is not)-.2 F .231
+(treated specially)108 211.2 R 5.231(.A)-.65 G .231(ll tok)-5.231 F .231
 (ens in the e)-.1 F .231(xpression under)-.15 F .231(go parameter and v)
--.18 F .231(ariable e)-.25 F .231(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.06
-(tution, and quote remo)108 223.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.56(l. The).25 F
-1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.56 F 1.059
-(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.559(luated. Arithmetic).25 F
--.15(ex)108 235.2 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378(The e)108 252 R
+-.18 F .23(ariable e)-.25 F .23(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.059
+(tution, and quote remo)108 223.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 3.559(l. The).25 F
+1.059(result is treated as the arithmetic e)3.559 F 1.06
+(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.56(luated. Arithmetic).25 F
+-.15(ex)108 235.2 S(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.379(The e)108 252 R
 -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378
 (luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)
 -.25 G(nder)-3.878 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.378(ARITHMETIC EV)3.878 F
 (ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
-(If)5.879 E F2 -.2(ex)108 264 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E
+(If)5.878 E F2 -.2(ex)108 264 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E
 -.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(prints a message indicating f)
 2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)-.1 E F1(Pr)87 280.8 Q
 (ocess Substitution)-.18 E F2(Pr)108 292.8 Q .405(ocess substitution)
 -.45 F F0(allo)2.905 E .405(ws a process')-.25 F 2.905(si)-.55 G .405
 (nput or output to be referred to using a \214lename.)-2.905 F .405
-(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 304.8 Q F1(<\()3.25 E F2
-(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E
-F0 5.75(.T)C .751(he process)-5.75 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751
+(It tak)5.405 F .405(es the form)-.1 F(of)108 304.8 Q F1(<\()3.251 E F2
+(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.251 E F1(>\()3.251 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E
+F0 5.751(.T)C .751(he process)-5.751 F F2(list)3.251 E F0 .751
 (is run asynchronously)3.251 F 3.251(,a)-.65 G .751
-(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .148
+(nd its input or output appears as a \214lename.)-3.251 F .147
 (This \214lename is passed as an ar)108 316.8 R .148
-(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.647
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.647 E F1(>\()2.647 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E
-F0 .559(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 328.8 R .559
+(gument to the current command as the result of the e)-.18 F 2.648
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)2.648 E F1(>\()2.648 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E
+F0 .56(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)108 328.8 R .56
 (vide input for)-.15 F F2(list)3.059 E F0 5.559(.I)C 3.059(ft)-5.559 G
-(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.06 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .56
-(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.06 F(ar)108 340.8 Q .309
+(he)-3.059 E F1(<\()3.059 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0 .559
+(form is used, the \214le passed as an)3.059 F(ar)108 340.8 Q .308
 (gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 F F2(list)2.808 E F0
-5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-)
+5.308(.P)C .309(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-)
 -5.308 F(port named pipes \()108 352.8 Q F2(FIFOs)A F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(rt)
 -2.5 G(he)-2.5 E F1(/de)2.5 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0
-(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .896(When a)108 369.6 R -.25(va)
+(method of naming open \214les.)2.5 E .897(When a)108 369.6 R -.25(va)
 -.2 G .896(ilable, process substitution is performed simultaneously wit\
-h parameter and v).25 F .897(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
+h parameter and v).25 F .896(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
 (command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 381.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
--.75(Wo)87 398.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143
-(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 410.4 R 1.142
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142
+-.75(Wo)87 398.4 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142
+(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 410.4 R 1.143
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143
 (xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 422.4 Q
 F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063
 (The shell treats each character of)108 439.2 R F3(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063
@@ -3320,129 +3325,129 @@ F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063
 (nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w)
 -.15 F(ords)-.1 E .207(using these characters as \214eld terminators.)
 108 451.2 R(If)5.207 E F3(IFS)2.707 E F0 .207(is unset, or its v)2.457 F
-.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.707 E F0
-(,)A .836(the def)108 463.2 R .836(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1
-(<space>)3.336 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.336 E F0 3.336(,a)C(nd)-3.336 E F1
-(<newline>)3.336 E F0 .837(at the be)3.336 F .837
-(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .346(the pre)108 475.2 R .345
+.207(alue is e)-.25 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(<space><tab><newline>)2.708 E F0
+(,)A .837(the def)108 463.2 R .837(ault, then sequences of)-.1 F F1
+(<space>)3.337 E F0(,)A F1(<tab>)3.337 E F0 3.337(,a)C(nd)-3.337 E F1
+(<newline>)3.337 E F0 .836(at the be)3.336 F .836
+(ginning and end of the results of)-.15 F .345(the pre)108 475.2 R .345
 (vious e)-.25 F .345(xpansions are ignored, and an)-.15 F 2.845(ys)-.15
 G .345(equence of)-2.845 F F3(IFS)2.845 E F0 .345
 (characters not at the be)2.595 F .345(ginning or end serv)-.15 F(es)
--.15 E 1.236(to delimit w)108 487.2 R 3.736(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.736
-E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.237
+-.15 E 1.237(to delimit w)108 487.2 R 3.737(ords. If)-.1 F F3(IFS)3.737
+E F0 1.236(has a v)3.486 F 1.236(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.236
 (ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F1(space)108
-499.2 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.507 E F0 2.507(,a)C(nd)-2.507 E F1(newline)2.507
-E F0 .007(are ignored at the be)2.507 F .006(ginning and end of the w)
--.15 F .006(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .92
+499.2 Q F0(,)A F1(tab)2.506 E F0 2.506(,a)C(nd)-2.506 E F1(newline)2.506
+E F0 .006(are ignored at the be)2.506 F .006(ginning and end of the w)
+-.15 F .007(ord, as long as the whitespace charac-)-.1 F .921
 (ter is in the v)108 511.2 R .92(alue of)-.25 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0(\(an)
 3.17 E F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .92(whitespace character\).)3.17 F(An)5.92 E
-3.42(yc)-.15 G .92(haracter in)-3.42 F F3(IFS)3.42 E F0 .921
-(that is not)3.17 F F3(IFS)3.421 E F0(whitespace,)3.171 E .429
-(along with an)108 523.2 R 2.928(ya)-.15 G(djacent)-2.928 E F3(IFS)2.928
-E F0 .428(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)2.678 F 2.928(As)
-5.428 G .428(equence of)-2.928 F F3(IFS)2.928 E F0 .428
-(whitespace charac-)2.678 F(ters is also treated as a delimiter)108
-535.2 Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F3(IFS)2.5 E
-F0(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.927
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-G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1
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+4.289(Ac)180 606 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc)
+-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1
+-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E
 (class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 618 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536
-(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F1(=])
-A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
+180 636 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537
+(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036
+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=])
+A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
  collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 648 R
 (the character)180 660 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 678 S(thin).4 E F1
 ([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5
 E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol)
-2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705
-(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705
-(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108
-706.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4
+2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 694.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705
+(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704
+(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108
+706.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4
 (pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255
-(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E
+(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E
 F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)
 108 718.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(26)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(26)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 27 27
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
@@ -3541,17 +3547,17 @@ E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q
 -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2
 (pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15
 E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E
-.968(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F
-.968(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969
+.969(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F
+.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968
 (specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23
 (alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 220.8 R 1.23
 (Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F
 (using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108
 232.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 249.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1
-E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.112
+E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.113
 (xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
-3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0
-1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3
+3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0
+1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3
 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3
 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 290.4 Q F0 .545
 (Before a command is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
@@ -3559,47 +3565,46 @@ E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.112
 (ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405
 (by the shell.)108 314.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\
 ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)
--.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \
-the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019
-(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215
+-.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\
+ the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02
+(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215
 (used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 338.4 R -.15
 (xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E
-.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108
-350.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0
-.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G
-.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5
+.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108
+350.4 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0
+.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G
+.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5
 (ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\
 h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\
-stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)
+stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)
 108 391.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
 (this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 403.2
-S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179
-F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
+(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 403.2 S
+.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F
+F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
 (&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 415.2 Q
-F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599
-(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2
-(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599
-(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238
-(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238
-(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F
-(himself.)108 439.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 456 R .283(wing description\
-s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\
-r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<)3.012 E F0
-3.012(,t)C .512
+F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599
+(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2
+(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F
+1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo)
+-.15 F 1.238(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)
+-.25 F(himself.)108 439.2 Q .283(In the follo)108 456 R .284(wing descr\
+iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\
+aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<)
+3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
 (he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
 -3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
 (redirection operator is)108 480 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
 (he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 496.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
-(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
-(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462
-(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463
-(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 520.8 R
-.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F
+-2.5 E .824(The w)108 496.8 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825
+(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463
+(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462
+(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 520.8 R
+.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F
 .867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867
-F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1
+F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1
 (bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
 (Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 549.6 Q -.15
 (Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 566.4 Q F1(>)2.5
@@ -3611,19 +3616,19 @@ Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527
 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527
 (as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
 (output before the standard output w)108 628.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
-F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
--.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
-(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 657.6 R .977
-(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
-(is running pro)3.478 F .978
+F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
+-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
+(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 657.6 R .978
+(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
+(is running pro)3.478 F .977
 (vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F
 (otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 669.6 Q
 (vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15
 E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 698.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E
 (ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(27)
-194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E
+(27)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 28 28
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
@@ -3635,21 +3640,21 @@ SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180
 (File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr)
 -.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q
 (v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180
-168 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
-(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+168 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
+(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
 (vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
 (attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144
 192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host)
-2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
-(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
+(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
 (vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108
 232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)
--2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
-an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946
-(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F
+-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
+an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947
+(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F
 (descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
 278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
@@ -3660,43 +3665,43 @@ an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946
 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
 (The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2
 (n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output)
--.18 E F0 .175
+-.18 E F0 .174
 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 364.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
-(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8
-R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
-.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F
+108 364.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
+(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8
+R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
+.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F
 -.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
 (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
 (The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155
-(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
-.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
-2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 451.2 R
-.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658
-(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)
-5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
+(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
+.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
+2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 451.2 R
+.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
+(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
+5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
 F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
-(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408
+(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
 475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
 -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
-492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641
+492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
 (Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.974 E F0
+(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473
+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.973 E F0
 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0
-.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0
+.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108
 528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
 (The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q
 F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
 (This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
 \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
 -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
@@ -3707,13 +3712,13 @@ F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q
 A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
 (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
 -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor)
+E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor)
 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)
--.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G
-.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q
+-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G
+.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q
 F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E
 (w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(28)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(28)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 29 29
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
@@ -3721,7 +3726,7 @@ BP
 /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
 (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
 SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)
--.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\
+-.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\
 utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\
 scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)
 108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E
@@ -3733,31 +3738,31 @@ F0(.).77 E
 192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
 (Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\
 ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \
-a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614
-(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615
+a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615
+(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615
 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
 F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E
 F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
 (The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])
 A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q
-(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108
+(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108
 319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301
+(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302
 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108
 331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715
 -.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415
 (is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415
 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n)
--2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774
+-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773
 (and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274
-(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773
-(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59
+(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774
+(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59
 (are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59
 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59
 (xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5
 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0
 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
+E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601
 (If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t)
 C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\
  the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G
@@ -3766,46 +3771,46 @@ C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\
 -.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
 2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)
 144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q
-F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792
+F2(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791
 (xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S
-1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
+1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
 1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187
-(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374
-(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\
+(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375
+(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .374(wline appended\
 , to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)
 108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E
 F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)
-108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
+108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126
 (is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E
-F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
+F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127
 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
-2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
-.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)
-2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0
-2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149
-(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
-2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q
+568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G
+2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
+2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0
+.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor)
+2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E
+F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.)
+2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F
+(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q
 (The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 .443
+(d)-.37 E F0 .444
 (is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R
-(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor)
-4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
-utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)
-3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E
+(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443
+(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)
+4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
+utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)
+3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E
 F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254
 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0
-.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E
-.966(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
-3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965
+.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E
+.965(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
+3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966
 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
 -3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 August 7)145.395 E(29)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 October 22)141.235 E(29)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 30 30
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
@@ -3814,19 +3819,19 @@ BP
 (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
 SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)
 108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2
-(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535
-(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535
-(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)
--3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2
-(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5
+(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536
+(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536
+(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)
+-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2
+(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5
 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
 (Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
 144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2
-(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0
-2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0
-.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2
+(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0
+2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0
+.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1
 (Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
 (The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)
 A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
@@ -3835,36 +3840,36 @@ A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
 108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
 (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
 (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174
-E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674
-(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173
+E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674
+(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674
 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0
-(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E
-1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
-(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1
-F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
-(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473
-(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A
-F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0
-1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)
--3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
-(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119
-(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
-1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12
-(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1
-F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513
-(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
-(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
-.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
-(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 403.2 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
-3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542
-(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne)
--3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0
+(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2
+F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
+E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
+(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F
+(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
+(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472
+(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A
+F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0
+1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)
+-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
+(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12
+(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
+1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119
+(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
+F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514
+(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F
+.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
+.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
+(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 403.2 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
+3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543
+(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne)
+-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
 (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
 E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1
@@ -3879,198 +3884,197 @@ E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
 (shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
-E .435
+E .436
 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1
-(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338
-(one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
-(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338
-(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337
-(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 530.4 S .904
-(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
-(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904
-(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162
-(another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
-G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F
-1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277
-(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277
-(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha)
-2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108
-566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F
-.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\
-n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612
-(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .613
-(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2
-(av)108 590.4 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058
-(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058
-(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108
-602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2
-S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1
+(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .67
+(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 518.4 R 3.17(eu)
+-.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E
+1.059(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 530.4 R 1.059
+(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.058(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F
+.074(when it is e)108 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.574(cuted. Therefore,).15
+F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\
+and does not)2.574 F(tak)108 554.4 Q 2.838(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.838 G
+.338(ect until the ne).25 F .338(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337
+(The commands follo)5.337 F .337
+(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F 1.472(not af)108
+566.4 R 1.473(fected by the ne)-.25 F 3.973(wa)-.25 G 3.973(lias. This)
+-3.973 F(beha)3.973 E 1.473(vior is also an issue when functions are e)
+-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.973(cuted. Aliases).15 F(are)3.973 E -.15(ex)108
+578.4 S .61(panded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the f\
+unction is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .609
+(cuted, because a function de\214ni-).15 F .711
+(tion is itself a command.)108 590.4 R .711
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 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15
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 (he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.176 F .677
 (alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .677(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F
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 (xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .068
-(xit status of the command)-.15 F .466(is the e)108 434.4 R .466
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 (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
 <ad72>144 686.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
 180 686.4 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544
-(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 698.4 Q
-(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E
-(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144
-710.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 710.4 Q
-(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(68)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
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 (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad74>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q
-F1 -.18(re)2.929 G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F
+SF<ad73>144 84 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 84 Q
+(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
+<ad74>144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 108 Q
+F1 -.18(re)2.928 G(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F
 .428(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F
-.56(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 108 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
-F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 120 Q
+.561(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 120 R F2(timeout)3.061 E
+F0(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
+3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 132 Q
 (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
 .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
 g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-132 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 144 R .59
-(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
-(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 156 S(riable)
+144 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 156 R .589
+(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
+(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
+-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 168 S(riable)
 .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 168 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
+(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 180 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
 -.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
 .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180
-180 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476
-(If no)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476
-(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 220.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad)
-.18 E F0 .772
-(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F
--.25(va)144 232.8 S 2.004
-(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005
-(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F
-(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 244.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 261.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
+192 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
+.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 204 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 204 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477
+(If no)144 220.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477
+(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 232.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad)
+.18 E F0 .773
+(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F
+-.25(va)144 244.8 S 2.004
+(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004
+(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F
+(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 256.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
+2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 273.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
 F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
 (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)
 -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 285.6 R
-1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 297.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 297.6 R
+1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 309.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
 -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
 -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 309.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
-F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
-3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 321.6 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 321.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
+(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
+F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
+3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 333.6 R -.15(ve)
 -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 333.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
-<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
+.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 345.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
+<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 345.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-357.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 357.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+369.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
 -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
 -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 369.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 381.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
 -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 381.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 410.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
-5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
-F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 434.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 393.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 410.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 422.4 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
+(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 434.4 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
+F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 446.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238
 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144
-446.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E
-F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)
-3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389
-(determine the status is the last command e)144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4
-G(d.).1 E(If)144 470.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084
-(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E
-F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 482.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
-(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
-144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 506.4 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 518.4 R -.15
+-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.032(before the trap handler)144
+458.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E
+F0 1.032(is e)3.532 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.032(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)
+3.533 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.033(trap, the last command used to)3.533 F .39
+(determine the status is the last command e)144 470.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke)
+.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 482.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0
+.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084
+E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 494.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
+(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
+144 506.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
+(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 518.4 R .444
+(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 530.4 R -.15
 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
-F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
-.749(mand associated with the)144 530.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
+E .75(mand associated with the)144 542.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 542.4 Q F1
-(set)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
+G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 554.4 Q F1
+(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
 F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E
-F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
+F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 583.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E
-(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .836
+(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 595.2 S .835
 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
-.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 595.2
-R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 607.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
-2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
+.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 607.2
+R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 619.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
+2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
 (ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
-(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53
-(locale. When)144 619.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
-3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)
--.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F
-1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 631.2 R 1.623
+(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
+(locale. When)144 631.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F
+3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)
+-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623
+(after option processing are treated as v)144 643.2 R 1.624
 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
-144 643.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
+144 655.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
 F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 655.2 Q
-F0 1.377(Each v)184 655.2 R 1.377
+-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 667.2 Q
+F0 1.378(Each v)184 667.2 R 1.377
 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 667.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
-E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 679.2 Q F0 .132
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 679.2 R
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 691.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
--.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 703.2 Q F0
-.087(Exit immediately if a)184 703.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
-F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 715.2 Q
-F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F
-1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184
-727.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08
-(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768
-Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(69)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
+1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 679.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
+E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 691.2 Q F0 .131
+(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 691.2 R
+2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
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+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 354 Q F1<ad70>
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+F3 -.27(BA)184 390 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G
+(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G
+.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F
+(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 402 R .379
+(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15
+(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184 414 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 426 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
-2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 426 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
-.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
-F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 438 Q F1<ad74>144 450 Q F0
-(Exit after reading and e)184 450 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
-.15 E F1<ad75>144 462 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 462 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044
+2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 438 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
+.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
+F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 450 Q F1<ad74>144 462 Q F0
+(Exit after reading and e)184 462 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
+.15 E F1<ad75>144 474 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 474 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044
 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \
-as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 474 R 2.682
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183
+as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 486 R 2.683
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182
 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
-(able or parameter)184 486 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
+(able or parameter)184 498 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
 (ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-498 Q F1<ad76>144 510 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 510 Q 2.5
-(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 522 Q F0 .315(After e)184 522 R
+510 Q F1<ad76>144 522 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 522 Q 2.5
+(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 534 Q F0 .315(After e)184 534 R
 .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25
 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)
-2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184
-534 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F
+2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184
+546 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F
 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0
-(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 546 Q
+(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 558 Q
 (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 558 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 558 R 2.578
+<ad42>144 570 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 570 R 2.578
 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 570 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 582 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 582 R F1(bash)2.714 E
-F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 582 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 594 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 594 R F1(bash)2.713 E
+F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
-2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
-3.053(tors. This)184 594 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
+3.054(tors. This)184 606 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 606 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 618 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 618 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
-(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 642 Q F1
-<ad48>144 654 Q F0(Enable)184 654 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
-(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 678 Q F0 .959
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 678 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822
-(that change the current w)184 690 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
-(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 702 R(def)2.685
+.15 F(tor)184 618 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 630 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 630 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
+(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
+F .839(mands e)184 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 654 Q F1
+<ad48>144 666 Q F0(Enable)184 666 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
+(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
+F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 678 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 690 Q F0 .96
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 690 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821
+(that change the current w)184 702 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 714 R(def)2.686
 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 714 Q(.)-.65 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 August 7)145.395 E(71)194.555 E 0 Cg EP
+(mands which change the current directory)184 726 Q(.)-.65 E
+(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 October 22)141.235 E(71)190.395 E 0 Cg EP
 %%Page: 72 72
 %%BeginPageSetup
 BP
@@ -8682,1002 +8700,1023 @@ SF<ad54>144 84 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 84 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)
 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
 (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 108 Q F0
 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 120 Q
-F0 .401(If no ar)184 120 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
-.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q/F2
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni)
-.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1<ad>144 144 Q F0 1.944
+F0 .4(If no ar)184 120 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
+(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>
+2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 144 Q F0 1.945
 (Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 144 R F2(ar)4.444 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945
-(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 156 R F1
-<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
-(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
-3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
+(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944
+(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 156 R F1
+<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
+(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
+3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
 (parameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144
 184.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
+(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
 (current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
 (is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
-.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.582
-E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
 (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
-.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
+.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([)
 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
-(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
-2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
+5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
+(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
+2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
-F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 350.4 R .826
-(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825
-(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F
-.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2
-(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552
-(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55
-(options. The)144 374.4 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\
-o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049
-E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 350.4 R .825
+(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.325 E F0 .826
+(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F
+.552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2
+(optnames)3.052 E F0 .551
+(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.549
+(options. The)144 374.4 R F1<ad70>2.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \
+to be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.549 F(Other)
+5.05 E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
 (wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 398.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
 398.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 410.4 Q F0
 (Disable \(unset\) each)180 410.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
 422.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
-.256(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
-E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
+.255(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
+E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
+(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
+(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
 F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 458.4 Q F0
 (Restricts the v)180 458.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 475.2 R F1
-<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 475.2 R F1
+<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
-E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234
+E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233
 (set or unset, respecti)144 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)
 -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0
 2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 499.2 Q(ault.)
 -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.045 F .696
+516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
+4.044 F .696
 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
+144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
 -.25 F(option.)144 540 Q(The list of)144 556.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.944
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.945
 (If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 586.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945
+1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944
 (rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 598.8 R .857
 (xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15
 (xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F
-(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .199
+(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .2
 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 622.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
 (ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
 (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .156
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
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-(exe)220 420 S .488
+(exe)220 456 S .488
 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
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-(sour)220 432 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
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 (xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
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+(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 600 Q
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 (ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424
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-2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 240 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
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 -.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting)
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 (option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E
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 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
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-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-256.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
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+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+411.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
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-.741(of the special v)144 268.8 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F3
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F3(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.742(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
 C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 280.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 435.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 292.8 R F3<ad48>2.999 E F0
-.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
+F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 447.6 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
+.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 304.8 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3
-<ad61>144 316.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 316.8 Q F3
-<ad62>144 328.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 328.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F3<ad63>144 340.8 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 340.8 Q F3<ad64>144 352.8
-Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 352.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
--2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F3<ad65>144 364.8 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 364.8 Q F3<ad66>144
-376.8 Q F0
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 459.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
+<ad61>144 471.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 471.6 Q F1
+<ad62>144 483.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 483.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 495.6 Q F0
+(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 495.6 Q F1<ad64>144 507.6
+Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 507.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
+-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 519.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 519.6 Q F1<ad66>144
+531.6 Q F0
 (The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-376.8 Q F3<ad69>144 388.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
-388.8 Q F3<ad6b>144 400.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 400.8 Q F3
-<ad6c>144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 412.8 Q
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F3<ad6d>144 424.8 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 424.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F3<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
+531.6 Q F1<ad69>144 543.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
+543.6 Q F1<ad6b>144 555.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 555.6 Q F1
+<ad6c>144 567.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 567.6 Q
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 579.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 579.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 591.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
 e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 436.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 448.8 Q F3<ad70>144 460.8 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 460.8 Q F3
-<ad71>144 472.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 472.8 Q F3
-<ad72>144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 484.8
-Q F3<ad73>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 496.8 Q F3<ad74>144
-508.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 508.8 Q F3
-<ad75>144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 520.8 Q -.25
-(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F3<ad76>144 532.8 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 532.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+180 591.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 603.6 Q F1<ad70>144 615.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 615.6 Q F1
+<ad71>144 627.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 627.6 Q F1
+<ad72>144 639.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 639.6
+Q F1<ad73>144 651.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 651.6 Q F1<ad74>144
+663.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 663.6 Q F1
+<ad75>144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 675.6 Q -.25
+(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 687.6 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 687.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
 (ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
-544.8 Q F3<ad78>144 556.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180
-556.8 Q F3<ad50>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180
-568.8 Q F3<ad54>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 580.8 Q
-(If)144 597.6 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.468(n, and the).15 F F3<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968
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-621.6 R F3<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589
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-1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 633.6 R 1.476
-(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F3<ad63>3.976 E F0(and)3.976 E
-F3<ad66>3.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.)
--3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 645.6 R
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-F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A
-.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0
-5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
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-(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F3<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
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 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 237.6 R .547
 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F3<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F
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-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 96 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10
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-(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach)
-.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155
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-(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15
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-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F1(name)3.827 E F0
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+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
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+(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
+(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
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+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 290.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
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+F(remo)144 302.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
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 (he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327
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-F(remo)144 201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F2<ad6e>
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-(be unset rather than the v)144 213.6 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
-F F2<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F2
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-.221(options are supplied, each)144 225.6 R F1(name)2.721 E F0 .221
-(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22
-(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188
-(tion with that name is unset.)144 237.6 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
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-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 249.6 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706
+F(remo)144 367.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e>
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+(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E
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+(be unset rather than the v)144 379.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
+F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1
+<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22
+(options are supplied, each)144 391.2 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22
+(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221
+(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189
+(tion with that name is unset.)144 403.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
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+(passed to subsequent commands.)144 415.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706
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-F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 261.6 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
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-F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144
-273.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15
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+439.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15
 G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a)
--.15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 290.4 Q
-F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144
-302.4 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\
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-3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 314.4
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55
-G .009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)
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author	Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu>	2018-11-23 15:32:57 -0500
committer	Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu>	2018-11-23 15:32:57 -0500
commit	2ae59c1134a75d5778997b7202b15b0586283042 (patch)
tree	6a0fa496d41b222f5f69e3640d84932fb7a84778 /doc/bash.ps
parent	2f5dfe5a18b4670eb4cea32c1c76295eb70a8865 (diff)
download	bash-5.0-beta2.tar.gz