diff options
| author | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2016-08-22 15:58:43 -0400 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Chet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu> | 2016-08-22 15:58:43 -0400 |
| commit | 955543877583837c85470f7fb8a97b7aa8d45e6c (patch) | |
| tree | b239e7c3983a9189b8f0104854ee82283c5807ab | |
| parent | a4eef1991c25c9d1c55f777952cd522c762c6fc3 (diff) | |
| download | bash-4.4-testing.tar.gz | |
bash-4.4-rc2 releasebash-4.4-rc2bash-4.4-testing
| -rw-r--r-- | CHANGES | 50 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | CHANGES-4.4 | 176 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | CWRU/changelog | 196 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | MANIFEST | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arrayfunc.c | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | arrayfunc.h | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | bashline.c | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | command.h | 11 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | configure | 20 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | configure.ac | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.0 | 782 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.1 | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.html | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.pdf | bin | 362252 -> 362250 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bash.ps | 6796 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.dvi | bin | 743632 -> 743852 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.html | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.info | 181 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.pdf | bin | 733317 -> 733442 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.ps | 65 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/bashref.texi | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/builtins.ps | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/rbash.ps | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | execute_cmd.c | 35 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | general.c | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | jobs.c | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/readline/bind.c | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/readline/callback.c | 19 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/readline/display.c | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi | 32 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/readline/doc/version.texi | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/readline/readline.h | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | lib/readline/signals.c | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | nojobs.c | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | subst.c | 107 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | subst.h | 1 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | tests/dollar-at-star | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tests/dollar-at-star8.sub | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tests/dollar.right | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tests/exp.right | 100 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tests/exp.tests | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tests/exp9.sub | 69 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | trap.c | 9 |
43 files changed, 4796 insertions, 3992 deletions
@@ -1,3 +1,53 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc2, and +the previous version, bash-4.4-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in the redirection operator completion code. + +b. Fixed execution context so `until continue' doesn't disable execution for + subsequent commands. + +c. Fixed trap handling code so traps don't inherit a command's temporary + environment. + +d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is defined + as part of another function's execution. + +e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting is not + performed and $IFS is not the default. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when there are + no positional parameters. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the incorrect + exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed from the file + system that causes the shell to call waitpid(). + +h. Improved word completion for quoted strings containing unterminated command + substitutions with embedded double quotes. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the prompt was + shorter than the mode string. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Using ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} with an array without any assigned elements when + the nounset option is enabled no longer throws an unbound variable error. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal + number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled. + +b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set to a + non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler behavior + in callback mode: handlers are installed when rl_callback_handler_install is + called and removed removed when a complete line has been read. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta2, and the previous version, bash-4.4-rc1. diff --git a/CHANGES-4.4 b/CHANGES-4.4 index 71ef959c..2349a429 100644 --- a/CHANGES-4.4 +++ b/CHANGES-4.4 @@ -1,3 +1,179 @@ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc2, and +the previous version, bash-4.4-beta2. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in the redirection operator completion code. + +b. Fixed execution context so `until continue' doesn't disable execution for + subsequent commands. + +c. Fixed trap handling code so traps don't inherit a command's temporary + environment. + +d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is defined + as part of another function's execution. + +e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting is not + performed and $IFS is not the default. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when there are + no positional parameters. + +g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the incorrect + exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed from the file + system that causes the shell to call waitpid(). + +h. Improved word completion for quoted strings containing unterminated command + substitutions with embedded double quotes. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the prompt was + shorter than the mode string. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Using ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} with an array without any assigned elements when + the nounset option is enabled no longer throws an unbound variable error. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal + number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled. + +b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set to a + non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler behavior + in callback mode: handlers are installed when rl_callback_handler_install is + called and removed removed when a complete line has been read. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta2, and +the previous version, bash-4.4-rc1. + +1. Changes to Bash + +a. Fixed a memory leak when processing ${!var[@]}. + +b. Fixed a bug that caused subshells to free trap strings associated with + inherited signals. + +c. Inheriting BASHOPTS from the environment now works to force actions + associated with enabling an option, instead of just marking the option + as enabled. + +d. Fixed a bug that allowed assignments to BASH_CMDS when the shell was in + restricted mode. + +e. Fixed a bug caused by an accidental omission of part of the original patch + for EXECIGNORE. + +e. Prompt expansion now quotes the results of the \s, \h, and \H expansions. + +f. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors in command substitutions with + consecutive case statements separated by newlines. + +g. Updated logic used to decide whether bash is running inside an emacs + terminal emulator to work with future emacs versions. + +h. Fixed two extended pattern matching bugs caused by premature short- + circuiting. + +i. Fixed a memory leak in the code that removes duplicate history entries. + +j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, unset, + and assignment statements that prevent nameref variables from creating + and unsetting variables with invalid names. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused variables to be inadvertently marked as both an + associative and an indexed array. + +l. Fixed a bug that caused `bash -c' to not run a trap specified in the + command string. + +j. There are a number of bug fixes to coproc, mapfile, declare, and assignment + statements that prevent nameref variables from overwriting or modifying + attributes of readonly variables. + +k. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution to attempt to set the + terminal's process group incorrectly. + +l. Fixed a bug that could cause prompt string expansion to display error + messages when the `nounset' shell option is set. + +m. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to not expand to an empty string under the + circumstances when Posix says it should ("${@-${@-$@}}"). + +n. Fixed several bugs caused by referencing nameref variables whose values + are names of unset variables (or names that are valid for referencing + but not assignment), including creating variables in the temporary + environment. + +o. Function tracing and error tracing are disabled if --debugger is supplied + at startup but the shell can't find the debugger start file. + +p. Fixed a bug when IFS is used as the control variable in a for statement. + +q. Fixed a bug with SIGINT received by a command substitution in an interactive + shell. + +r. The checks for nameref variable self-references are more thorough. + +s. Fixed several bugs with multi-line aliases. + +t. Fixed `test' to handle the four-argument case where $1 == '(' and + $4 == ')'. + +u. Fixed a bug in the expansion of $* in the cases where word splitting is + not performed. + +v. Fixed a bug in execution of case statements where IFS includes the + pattern matching characters. + +2. Changes to Readline + +a. When refreshing the line as the result of a key sequence, Readline attempts + to redraw only the last line of a multiline prompt. + +b. Fixed an issue that caused completion of git commands to display + incorrectly when using colored-completion-prefix. + +c. Fixed several redisplay bugs having to do with multibyte characters and + invisible characters in prompt strings. + +3. New Features in Bash + +a. Value conversions (arithmetic expansions, case modification, etc.) now + happen when assigning elements of an array using compound assignment. + +b. There is a new option settable in config-top.h that makes multiple + directory arguments to `cd' a fatal error. + +c. Bash now uses mktemp() when creating internal temporary files; it produces + a warning at build time on many Linux systems. + +4. New Features in Readline + +a. The default binding for ^W in vi mode now uses word boundaries specified + by Posix (vi-unix-word-rubout is bindable command name). + +b. rl_clear_visible_line: new application-callable function; clears all + screen lines occupied by the current visible readline line. + +c. rl_tty_set_echoing: application-callable function that controls whether + or not readline thinks it is echoing terminal output. + +d. Handle >| and strings of digits preceding and following redirection + specifications as single tokens when tokenizing the line for history + expansion. + +e. Fixed a bug with displaying completions when the prefix display length + is greater than the length of the completions to be displayed. + +f. The :p history modifier now applies to the entire line, so any expansion + specifying :p causes the line to be printed instead of expanded. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-rc1, and the previous version, bash-4.4-beta. diff --git a/CWRU/changelog b/CWRU/changelog index 3274a2c3..36336794 100644 --- a/CWRU/changelog +++ b/CWRU/changelog @@ -10342,7 +10342,7 @@ lib/readline/bind.c 1/11 ---- -execute_cmd.c +subst.c - process_substitute: when compiled without job control (JOB_CONTROL not defined), make sure we call stop_making_children like we do in the job control code branch, so already_making_children is reset to 0. This @@ -11303,7 +11303,7 @@ execute_cmd.c 6/23 ---- -execute_cmd.c +subst.c - param_expand: when expanding $* in a context where splitting is not desired (pflags & PF_ASSIGNRHS), make sure to quote the word and the included separators. Reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com> @@ -11331,3 +11331,195 @@ subst.c subst.[ch],arrayfunc.c - string_list_dollar_at: now takes a new third argument, currently reserved for future use; changed callers and declaration + + 7/7 + --- +[bash-4.4-beta2 frozen] + + 7/9 + --- +bashline.c + - check_redir: make sure that index is > 0 before checking previous + char; fixes out of bounds read reported by Hanno Böck + <hanno@hboeck.de> + + 7/16 + ---- +subst.c + - parameter_brace_expand: if ${array[@]} or ${array[*]} is supplied + with an unset (or empty) array, and -u is enabled, don't make it + an unbound variable error, like $@ or $* when there are no + positional parameters. Based on report from Ian Allen + <idallen@idallen-fibe.dyndns.org> + +lib/readline/signals.c + - rl_pending_signal(): return the number of any signal readline has + caught but is waiting to handle + +lib/readline/callback.c + - rl_persistent_signal_handlers: new variable, restores readline-6.2 + signal handler semantics: installed at rl_callback_handler_install + time and removed with rl_clear_signals when a complete line has + been read + - _rl_callback_newline: call rl_set_signals if rl_persistent_signal_handlers + is non-zero + - rl_callback_read_char: install signal handlers with rl_set_signals + if rl_persistent_signal_handlers is 0 (the default) + - CALLBACK_READ_RETURN: uninstall signal handlers with rl_clear_signals + only if rl_persistent_signal_handlers is 0 (the default) + +lib/readline/readline.h + - rl_pending_signal: new extern declaration + - rl_persistent_signal_handlers: new extern declaration + + 7/19 + ---- +execute_cmd.c + - execute_while_or_until: make sure we decrement `continuing' the way + we decrement `breaking' if the loop test indicates we will be + breaking out of the loop. That keeps `until continue' from + keeping `continuing' set to 1. Reported by Dan Douglas + <ormaaj@gmail.com> + + 7/20 + ---- +trap.c + - run_pending_traps,_run_trap_internal: save and restore temporary_env, + set temporary_env to 0 before trap runs so traps don't inherit a + command's temporary env. Fixes bug with IFS assignment in tempenv + and trap reported by Andriy Martynets <martynets@volia.ua> + +jobs.c + - run_sigchld_trap: save and restore temporary_env, set temporary_env + to 0 before trap runs so traps don't inherit a command's temporary + env (see above) + + 7/21 + ---- +execute_cmd.c + - execute_function: unwind-protect function_line_number, in case we + are executing a function inside another function. Reported by + Grisha Levit <grishalevit@gmail.com> in context of evaled functions + and DEBUG traps + - execute_arith_for_command,execute_arith_command,execute_simple_command, + execute_cond_command: make sure line_number doesn't go < 0 when + adjusting it by function_line_number + + 7/23 + ---- +subst.c,command.h + - move the PF_ constants to command.h so other files can see them, now + that PF_ASSIGNRHS has meaning to string_list_dollar_at + +arrayfunc.h + - AV_ASSIGNRHS: new flag, indicate that ${a[@]} is being expanded on + the RHS of an assignment statement + +arrayfunc.c + - array_value_internal: if AV_ASSIGNRHS passed for ${a[@]}, pass + PF_ASSIGNRHS to string_list_dollar_at to support args separated by + spaces even if $IFS does not have the default value. Reported by + Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com> + +subst.c + - string_list_dollar_at: if FLAGS argument includes PF_ASSIGNRHS, obey + rules for $@ on the RHS of an assignment statement: expand to + postitional parameters separated by spaces no matter what the first + character of $IFS is. Reported by Dan Douglas <ormaaj@gmail.com> + - parameter_brace_expand_word: pass AV_ASSIGNRHS as flags value to + array_value if PF_ASSIGNRHS is set and we are expanding an array + variable subscripted by @ or * + - param_expand: pass pflags to string_list_dollar_at in case it contains + PF_ASSIGNRHS + - expand_word_internal: if we have an assignment statement argument to + a declaration builtin (W_ASSIGNARG), turn on W_ASSIGNRHS when we see + the `=' to enable special $@ behavior + - expand_word_internal: if W_ASSIGNARG enabled in word flags, pass that + flag and W_ASSIGNRHS to recursive call to expand_word_internal when + expanding double-quoted string; handles "$@" when IFS is not the + default value and word splitting will not be performed + +subst.c + - expand_word_internal: change case that handles '' (single-quoted + empty string) to only discard it if we will not be performing word + splitting (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2), since we need to add a quoted null + argument if the subsequent characters will cause word splitting. + This is how "" (double-quoted empty string) is handled after a bug + fix back in August 2010. Reported by Grisha Levit + <grishalevit@gmail.com>, fix for Posix interp 888 + + 7/27 + ---- +subst.c + - param_expand: change fix from 6/23 (expanding $* in a context where + word splitting is not performed) to make sure that $* expands to + something before trying to quote the string. Bug and fix from + Andreas Schwab <schwab@suse.de> + +lib/readline/bind.c + - _rl_get_string_variable_value: fix a cut-and-paste error that caused + the emacs mode string to be displayed for both vi insert and command + mode strings. Report and fix from Steve Jones <sjml@slohj.org> + + 7/28 + ---- +lib/readline/display.c + - update_line: we can't use PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX unless we're testing + against _rl_last_c_pos; if we are testing buffer indices, we need to + use prompt_last_invisible directly. Fixes mode string redisplay issue + with short prompt strings reported by Steve Jones <sjml@slohj.org> + + 8/4 + --- +nojobs.c + - without_job_control: new function, resets child state that's eventually + used to decide whether or not to wait_for children + +execute_cmd.c + - initialize_subshell: call without_job_control in both the JOB_CONTROL and + no job control paths so we can reset the state in subshells that will not + cause them to wait_for children inappropriately. Fixes bug reported by + Dan Cross <crossd@gmail.com> + + 8/5 + --- +configure.ac + - release version is now `rc2' + +bashline.c + - command_word_completion_function: if direxpand is set, make sure to + run hint_text through bash_directory_completion_hook, since + readline will do that and we want to be able to match the results + readline returns. Fixes bug reported by Pat Somaru + <tuf18542@temple.edu> + +command.h + - W_COMPLETE: new flag word value + - PF_COMPLETE: new flags value for param_expand + +subst.h + - SX_STRIPDQ: new flag, used for string_extract_double_quoted + +bashline.c + - bash_filename_stat_hook,bash_directory_completion_hook: pass W_COMPLETE + flag to expand_prompt_string + +subst.c + - expand_word_internal: if W_COMPLETE in word->flags, pass PF_COMPLETE + to param_expand + - param_expand: if PF_COMPLETE in pflags, pass SX_COMPLETE to + extract_command_subst. This allows `"$(echo ~/' to perform + completion successfully + - string_extract_double_quoted: turn third argument into a flags arg, + old STRIPDQ is now set if flags&SX_STRIPDQ + - string_extract_double_quoted: changed callers, if third argument was + 1, pass SX_STRIPDQ instead + - expand_word_internal: if W_COMPLETE in word->flags, pass SX_COMPLETE + in flags to string_extract_double_quoted for case '"' + - string_extract_double_quoted: if SX_COMPLETE in flags, pass it to + extract_command_subst + - expand_word_internal: if W_COMPLETE in word->flags, make sure W_COMPLETE + is in temp word passed to recursive call to expand_word_internal to + expand double-quoted string. Fixes bug reported by John Passaro + <john.a.passaro@gmail.com> + @@ -924,6 +924,7 @@ tests/dollar-at-star4.sub f tests/dollar-at-star5.sub f tests/dollar-at-star6.sub f tests/dollar-at-star7.sub f +tests/dollar-at-star8.sub f tests/dollar-at1.sub f tests/dollar-at2.sub f tests/dollar-at3.sub f @@ -975,6 +976,7 @@ tests/exp5.sub f tests/exp6.sub f tests/exp7.sub f tests/exp8.sub f +tests/exp9.sub f tests/exportfunc.tests f tests/exportfunc.right f tests/exportfunc1.sub f diff --git a/arrayfunc.c b/arrayfunc.c index fb871122..c65229e0 100644 --- a/arrayfunc.c +++ b/arrayfunc.c @@ -1087,7 +1087,8 @@ array_value_internal (s, quoted, flags, rtype, indp) free (temp); } else /* ${name[@]} or unquoted ${name[*]} */ - retval = string_list_dollar_at (l, quoted, 0); /* XXX - leak here */ + /* XXX - bash-4.4/bash-5.0 test AV_ASSIGNRHS and pass PF_ASSIGNRHS */ + retval = string_list_dollar_at (l, quoted, (flags & AV_ASSIGNRHS) ? PF_ASSIGNRHS : 0); /* XXX - leak here */ dispose_words (l); } diff --git a/arrayfunc.h b/arrayfunc.h index 3a29a594..2811f45b 100644 --- a/arrayfunc.h +++ b/arrayfunc.h @@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ #define AV_QUOTED 0x002 #define AV_USEIND 0x004 #define AV_USEVAL 0x008 /* XXX - should move this */ +#define AV_ASSIGNRHS 0x010 /* no splitting, special case ${a[@]} */ extern SHELL_VAR *convert_var_to_array __P((SHELL_VAR *)); extern SHELL_VAR *convert_var_to_assoc __P((SHELL_VAR *)); @@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ extern SHELL_VAR *array_variable_part __P((char *, char **, int *)); #define AV_ALLOWALL 0 #define AV_QUOTED 0 #define AV_USEIND 0 +#define AV_ASSIGNRHS 0 #endif @@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ check_redir (ti) /* Handle the two character tokens `>&', `<&', and `>|'. We are not in a command position after one of these. */ this_char = rl_line_buffer[ti]; - prev_char = rl_line_buffer[ti - 1]; + prev_char = (ti > 0) ? rl_line_buffer[ti - 1] : 0; if ((this_char == '&' && (prev_char == '<' || prev_char == '>')) || (this_char == '|' && prev_char == '>')) @@ -1845,7 +1845,9 @@ command_word_completion_function (hint_text, state) if (globpat || absolute_program (hint_text)) { /* Perform tilde expansion on what's passed, so we don't end up - passing filenames with tildes directly to stat(). */ + passing filenames with tildes directly to stat(). The rest of + the shell doesn't do variable expansion on the word following + the tilde, so we don't do it here even if direxpand is set. */ if (*hint_text == '~') { hint = bash_tilde_expand (hint_text, 0); @@ -1859,6 +1861,11 @@ command_word_completion_function (hint_text, state) directory_part = (char *)NULL; } } + else if (dircomplete_expand) + { + hint = savestring (hint_text); + bash_directory_completion_hook (&hint); + } else hint = savestring (hint_text); @@ -3148,7 +3155,7 @@ bash_filename_stat_hook (dirname) have to worry about restoring this setting. */ global_nounset = unbound_vars_is_error; unbound_vars_is_error = 0; - wl = expand_prompt_string (new_dirname, 0, W_NOCOMSUB); /* does the right thing */ + wl = expand_prompt_string (new_dirname, 0, W_NOCOMSUB|W_COMPLETE); /* does the right thing */ unbound_vars_is_error = global_nounset; if (wl) { @@ -3243,7 +3250,7 @@ bash_directory_completion_hook (dirname) if (should_expand_dirname) { new_dirname = savestring (local_dirname); - wl = expand_prompt_string (new_dirname, 0, W_NOCOMSUB); /* does the right thing */ + wl = expand_prompt_string (new_dirname, 0, W_NOCOMSUB|W_COMPLETE); /* does the right thing */ if (wl) { *dirname = string_list (wl); @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ /* command.h -- The structures used internally to represent commands, and the extern declarations of the functions used to create them. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1993-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1993-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell. @@ -100,6 +100,15 @@ enum command_type { cm_for, cm_case, cm_while, cm_if, cm_simple, cm_select, #define W_ARRAYIND 0x1000000 /* word is an array index being expanded */ #define W_ASSNGLOBAL 0x2000000 /* word is a global assignment to declare (declare/typeset -g) */ #define W_NOBRACE 0x4000000 /* Don't perform brace expansion */ +#define W_COMPLETE 0x8000000 /* word is being expanded for completion */ + +/* Flags for the `pflags' argument to param_expand() and various + parameter_brace_expand_xxx functions; also used for string_list_dollar_at */ +#define PF_NOCOMSUB 0x01 /* Do not perform command substitution */ +#define PF_IGNUNBOUND 0x02 /* ignore unbound vars even if -u set */ +#define PF_NOSPLIT2 0x04 /* same as W_NOSPLIT2 */ +#define PF_ASSIGNRHS 0x08 /* same as W_ASSIGNRHS */ +#define PF_COMPLETE 0x10 /* same as W_COMPLETE, sets SX_COMPLETE */ /* Possible values for subshell_environment */ #define SUBSHELL_ASYNC 0x01 /* subshell caused by `command &' */ @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ #! /bin/sh # From configure.ac for Bash 4.4, version 4.080. # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles. -# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for bash 4.4-beta2. +# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for bash 4.4-rc2. # # Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>. # @@ -581,8 +581,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS= # Identity of this package. PACKAGE_NAME='bash' PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash' -PACKAGE_VERSION='4.4-beta2' -PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.4-beta2' +PACKAGE_VERSION='4.4-rc2' +PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.4-rc2' PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org' PACKAGE_URL='' @@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing. # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh. cat <<_ACEOF -\`configure' configures bash 4.4-beta2 to adapt to many kinds of systems. +\`configure' configures bash 4.4-rc2 to adapt to many kinds of systems. Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]... @@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ fi if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then case $ac_init_help in - short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.4-beta2:";; + short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.4-rc2:";; esac cat <<\_ACEOF @@ -1651,7 +1651,7 @@ fi test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status if $ac_init_version; then cat <<\_ACEOF -bash configure 4.4-beta2 +bash configure 4.4-rc2 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @@ -2360,7 +2360,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF This file contains any messages produced by compilers while running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake. -It was created by bash $as_me 4.4-beta2, which was +It was created by bash $as_me 4.4-rc2, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69. Invocation command line was $ $0 $@ @@ -2754,7 +2754,7 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h" BASHVERS=4.4 -RELSTATUS=beta2 +RELSTATUS=rc2 case "$RELSTATUS" in alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;; @@ -16666,7 +16666,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their # values after options handling. ac_log=" -This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.4-beta2, which was +This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.4-rc2, which was generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69. Invocation command line was CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES @@ -16732,7 +16732,7 @@ _ACEOF cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1 ac_cs_config="`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`" ac_cs_version="\\ -bash config.status 4.4-beta2 +bash config.status 4.4-rc2 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69, with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\" diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac index 23f8678d..62d00582 100644 --- a/configure.ac +++ b/configure.ac @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.4, version 4.080])dnl define(bashvers, 4.4) -define(relstatus, beta2) +define(relstatus, rc2) AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org]) @@ -1225,59 +1225,60 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS name of the current mailfile. Example: MMAAIILLPPAATTHH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has mail!"' - BBaasshh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca- - tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent - (e.g., /var/mail/$$UUSSEERR). + BBaasshh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari- + able (there is no value by default), but the location of the + user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., + /var/mail/$$UUSSEERR). OOPPTTEERRRR If set to the value 1, bbaasshh displays error messages generated by - the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). - OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a + the ggeettooppttss builtin command (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). + OOPPTTEERRRR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell script is executed. - PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of - directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD - EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the + PPAATTHH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of + directories in which the shell looks for commands (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD + EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of PPAATTHH indicates the current directory. A null directory - name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or - trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is + name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or + trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is set by the administrator who installs bbaasshh. A common value is ``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''. PPOOSSIIXXLLYY__CCOORRRREECCTT - If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the - shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if - the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set - while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the + If this variable is in the environment when bbaasshh starts, the + shell enters _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e before reading the startup files, as if + the ----ppoossiixx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set + while the shell is running, bbaasshh enables _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, as if the command _s_e_t _-_o _p_o_s_i_x had been executed. PPRROOMMPPTT__CCOOMMMMAANNDD If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt. PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM - If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the + If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding - the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). + the \\ww and \\WW prompt string escapes (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis. - PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and + PPSS00 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and before the command is executed. - PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) - and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is + PPSS11 The value of this parameter is expanded (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below) + and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is ``\\ss--\\vv\\$$ ''. - PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as + PPSS22 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>> ''. PPSS33 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the sseelleecctt command (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above). - PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the - value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an - execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- - tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- + PPSS44 The value of this parameter is expanded as with PPSS11 and the + value is printed before each command bbaasshh displays during an + execution trace. The first character of PPSS44 is replicated mul- + tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi- rection. The default is ``++ ''. SSHHEELLLL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari- - able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to + able. If it is not set when the shell starts, bbaasshh assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell. TTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT - The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- - ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the - ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- - duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or - other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are + The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify- + ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the + ttiimmee reserved word should be displayed. The %% character intro- + duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or + other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the braces denote optional portions. %%%% A literal %%. %%[[_p]][[ll]]RR The elapsed time in seconds. @@ -1285,77 +1286,77 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS %%[[_p]][[ll]]SS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode. %%PP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R. - The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number + The optional _p is a digit specifying the _p_r_e_c_i_s_i_o_n, the number of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places - after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater - than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is + after the decimal point may be specified; values of _p greater + than 3 are changed to 3. If _p is not specified, the value 3 is used. - The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of - the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not + The optional ll specifies a longer format, including minutes, of + the form _M_Mm_S_S._F_Fs. The value of _p determines whether or not the fraction is included. - If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value - $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, + If this variable is not set, bbaasshh acts as if it had the value + $$''\\nnrreeaall\\tt%%33llRR\\nnuusseerr\\tt%%33llUU\\nnssyyss\\tt%%33llSS''. If the value is null, no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed. - TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the + TTMMOOUUTT If set to a value greater than zero, TTMMOOUUTT is treated as the default timeout for the rreeaadd builtin. The sseelleecctt command termi- nates if input does not arrive after TTMMOOUUTT seconds when input is - coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is + coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt. BBaasshh terminates after waiting - for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not + for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arrive. - TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which + TTMMPPDDIIRR If set, bbaasshh uses its value as the name of a directory in which bbaasshh creates temporary files for the shell's use. aauuttoo__rreessuummee This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and - job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- + job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com- mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump- tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; - if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, - the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a - stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start - it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match - the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the - string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a - stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- - gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set - to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a + if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed, + the job most recently accessed is selected. The _n_a_m_e of a + stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start + it. If set to the value _e_x_a_c_t, the string supplied must match + the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g, the + string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a + stopped job. The _s_u_b_s_t_r_i_n_g value provides functionality analo- + gous to the %%?? job identifier (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL below). If set + to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the %%_s_t_r_i_n_g job identifier. hhiissttcchhaarrss - The two or three characters which control history expansion and + The two or three characters which control history expansion and tokenization (see HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below). The first character - is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals - the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second - character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as - shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- - tuting one string for another in the command. The default is - `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- - cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as - the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- + is the _h_i_s_t_o_r_y _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n character, the character which signals + the start of a history expansion, normally `!!'. The second + character is the _q_u_i_c_k _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n character, which is used as + shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi- + tuting one string for another in the command. The default is + `^^'. The optional third character is the character which indi- + cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as + the first character of a word, normally `##'. The history com- ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the - remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the + remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment. AArrrraayyss - BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. - Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will - explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of - an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- - tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including + BBaasshh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables. + Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the ddeeccllaarree builtin will + explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of + an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con- + tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref- erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers. - An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned + An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using the syntax _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e. The _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly - declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- - MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- + declare an indexed array, use ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMM-- + MMAANNDDSS below). ddeeccllaarree --aa _n_a_m_e[[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]] is also accepted; the _s_u_b_- _s_c_r_i_p_t is ignored. Associative arrays are created using ddeeccllaarree --AA _n_a_m_e. @@ -1363,130 +1364,130 @@ PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the ddeeccllaarree and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array. - Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form - _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but + Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form + _n_a_m_e=((value_1 ... value_n)), where each _v_a_l_u_e is of the form [_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]=_s_t_r_i_n_g. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but _s_t_r_i_n_g. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and - subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index - of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement + subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index + of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero. When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required. - This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array - elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax - introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- - scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative - to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices + This syntax is also accepted by the ddeeccllaarree builtin. Individual array + elements may be assigned to using the _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]=_v_a_l_u_e syntax + introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _n_a_m_e is sub- + scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative + to one greater than the maximum index of _n_a_m_e, so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. - Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. + Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]}. The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If - _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These - subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If + _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is @@ or **, the word expands to all members of _n_a_m_e. These + subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted, ${_n_a_m_e[*]} expands to a single word with the - value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS + value of each array member separated by the first character of the IIFFSS special variable, and ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands each element of _n_a_m_e to a sep- - arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to - nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the - expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of - the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined - with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the - expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss - above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- - _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- - ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of - an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- - preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, - so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index + arate word. When there are no array members, ${_n_a_m_e[@]} expands to + nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the + expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of + the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined + with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the + expansion of the special parameters ** and @@ (see SSppeecciiaall PPaarraammeetteerrss + above). ${#_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t]} expands to the length of ${_n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_- + _s_c_r_i_p_t]}. If _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, the expansion is the number of ele- + ments in the array. If the _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t used to reference an element of + an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter- + preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array, + so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last element. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref- - erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable + erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable using a valid subscript is legal, and bbaasshh will create an array if nec- essary. - An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a + An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a value. The null string is a valid value. - It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the - values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in + It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the + values. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} and ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} expand to the indices assigned in array variable _n_a_m_e. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the special parameters _@ and _* within double quotes. - The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] - destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Negative subscripts to - indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Care must be taken - to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett + The uunnsseett builtin is used to destroy arrays. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t] + destroys the array element at index _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t. Negative subscripts to + indexed arrays are interpreted as described above. Care must be taken + to avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. uunnsseett _n_a_m_e, where _n_a_m_e is an array, or uunnsseett _n_a_m_e[_s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t], where _s_u_b_s_c_r_i_p_t is ** or @@, removes the entire array. - The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to - specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative - array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd - builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the + The ddeeccllaarree, llooccaall, and rreeaaddoonnllyy builtins each accept a --aa option to + specify an indexed array and a --AA option to specify an associative + array. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. The rreeaadd + builtin accepts a --aa option to assign a list of words read from the standard input to an array. The sseett and ddeeccllaarree builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments. EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into - words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, - _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- + words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _b_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, + _t_i_l_d_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r _a_n_d _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_- _t_i_o_n, _a_r_i_t_h_m_e_t_i_c _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g, and _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter - and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution - (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- + and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution + (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan- sion. On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail- - able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as - tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- + able: _p_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n. This is performed at the same time as + tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub- stitution. Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change - the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single - word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions + the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single + word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions of "$$@@" and "$${{_n_a_m_e[[@@]]}}" as explained above (see PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS). BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn _B_r_a_c_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener- - ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- + ated. This mechanism is similar to _p_a_t_h_n_a_m_e _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n, but the file- names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional _p_r_e_a_m_b_l_e, followed by either a series of comma-sep- - arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- - lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each + arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol- + lowed by an optional _p_o_s_t_s_c_r_i_p_t. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left to right. - Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string - are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, + Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string + are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example, a{{d,c,b}}e expands into `ade ace abe'. - A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are - either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, - is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to - each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- - fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x - or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated - terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- - sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each - character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the - default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. - When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between + A sequence expression takes the form {{_x...._y[[...._i_n_c_r]]}}, where _x and _y are + either integers or single characters, and _i_n_c_r, an optional increment, + is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to + each number between _x and _y, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre- + fixed with _0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _x + or _y begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated + terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces- + sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each + character lexicographically between _x and _y, inclusive, using the + default C locale. Note that both _x and _y must be of the same type. + When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate. Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char- - acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is - strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to + acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is + strictly textual. BBaasshh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the expansion or the text between the braces. - A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and - closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence - expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. + A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and + closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence + expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A {{ or ,, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered - part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- + part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan- sion, the string $${{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion. This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of @@ -1496,36 +1497,36 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN or chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}} - Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical - versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially - when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. - BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. - For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in - the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by - bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the + Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical + versions of sshh. sshh does not treat opening or closing braces specially + when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output. + BBaasshh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion. + For example, a word entered to sshh as _f_i_l_e_{_1_,_2_} appears identically in + the output. The same word is output as _f_i_l_e_1 _f_i_l_e_2 after expansion by + bbaasshh. If strict compatibility with sshh is desired, start bbaasshh with the ++BB option or disable brace expansion with the ++BB option to the sseett com- mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). TTiillddee EExxppaannssiioonn - If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the - characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if - there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of - the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the - tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. - If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the - value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- - tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- - wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated + If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~~'), all of the + characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if + there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _t_i_l_d_e_-_p_r_e_f_i_x. If none of + the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the + tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _l_o_g_i_n _n_a_m_e. + If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the + value of the shell parameter HHOOMMEE. If HHOOMMEE is unset, the home direc- + tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other- + wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated with the specified login name. - If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD + If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable PPWWDD replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of - the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- - acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, - optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced + the shell variable OOLLDDPPWWDD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char- + acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _N, + optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the ddiirrss builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu- - ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- + ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con- sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed. If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is @@ -1533,235 +1534,235 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi- ately following a :: or the first ==. In these cases, tilde expansion is - also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in - assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the + also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in + assignments to PPAATTHH, MMAAIILLPPAATTHH, and CCDDPPAATTHH, and the shell assigns the expanded value. PPaarraammeetteerr EExxppaannssiioonn The `$$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution, - or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded - may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the - variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which + or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded + may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the + variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which could be interpreted as part of the name. - When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not - escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an + When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}}' not + escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expansion. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required - when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one + The value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. The braces are required + when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a positional parameter with more than one digit, or when _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is followed by a character which is not to be interpreted as part of its name. The _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a shell - parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference + parameter as described above PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS) or an array reference (AArrrraayyss). - If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of variable indirec- - tion. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded + If the first character of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an exclamation point (!!), and + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is not a _n_a_m_e_r_e_f, it introduces a level of variable indirec- + tion. BBaasshh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. If + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r itself. This is known as _i_n_d_i_r_e_c_t _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is a nameref, this expands to the name of the variable refer- - enced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete indirect expan- - sion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and - ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately + enced by _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r instead of performing the complete indirect expan- + sion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} and + ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} described below. The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirection. In each of the cases below, _w_o_r_d is subject to tilde expansion, parame- ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. - When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented - below (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. - Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is + When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented + below (e.g., ::--), bbaasshh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. + Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::--_w_o_r_d} - UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- - sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + UUssee DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expan- + sion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::==_w_o_r_d} - AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the + AAssssiiggnn DDeeffaauulltt VVaalluueess. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is unset or null, the expansion of _w_o_r_d is assigned to _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The value of _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special + _e_t_e_r is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may not be assigned to in this way. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::??_w_o_r_d} - DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, - the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is - not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if + DDiissppllaayy EErrrroorr iiff NNuullll oorr UUnnsseett. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, + the expansion of _w_o_r_d (or a message to that effect if _w_o_r_d is + not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::++_w_o_r_d} - UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is + UUssee AAlltteerrnnaattee VVaalluuee. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of _w_o_r_d is substituted. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r::_o_f_f_s_e_t::_l_e_n_g_t_h} - SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- + SSuubbssttrriinngg EExxppaannssiioonn. Expands to up to _l_e_n_g_t_h characters of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_- _s_e_t. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, an indexed array subscripted by @@ or **, - or an associative array name, the results differ as described - below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the + or an associative array name, the results differ as described + below. If _l_e_n_g_t_h is omitted, expands to the substring of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r starting at the character specified by _o_f_f_s_e_t - and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are + and extending to the end of the value. _l_e_n_g_t_h and _o_f_f_s_e_t are arithmetic expressions (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN below). - If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is - used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it - is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the - value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the - expansion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. - Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by - at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expan- + If _o_f_f_s_e_t evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is + used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero, it + is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the + value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r rather than a number of characters, and the + expansion is the characters between _o_f_f_s_e_t and that result. + Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by + at least one space to avoid being confused with the ::-- expan- sion. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@, the result is _l_e_n_g_t_h positional parameters beginning at _o_f_f_s_e_t. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to one - greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of - -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- + greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of + -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan- sion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the - result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with - ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to - one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It - is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than + result is the _l_e_n_g_t_h members of the array beginning with + ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r[_o_f_f_s_e_t]}. A negative _o_f_f_s_e_t is taken relative to + one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It + is an expansion error if _l_e_n_g_t_h evaluates to a number less than zero. - Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces + Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined results. - Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- - ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by - default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are + Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame- + ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by + default. If _o_f_f_s_e_t is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $$00 is prefixed to the list. ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x**} ${!!_p_r_e_f_i_x@@} - NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose + NNaammeess mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx. Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with _p_r_e_f_i_x, separated by the first character of the - IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears - within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate + IIFFSS special variable. When _@ is used and the expansion appears + within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate word. ${!!_n_a_m_e[_@]} ${!!_n_a_m_e[_*]} - LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to - the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is - not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. - When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, + LLiisstt ooff aarrrraayy kkeeyyss. If _n_a_m_e is an array variable, expands to + the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _n_a_m_e. If _n_a_m_e is + not an array, expands to 0 if _n_a_m_e is set and null otherwise. + When _@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each key expands to a separate word. ${##_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r} - PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of - _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value - substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- - _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- - tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is - an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that - number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi- - mum index of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the - end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele- + PPaarraammeetteerr lleennggtthh. The length in characters of the value of + _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is substituted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is ** or @@, the value + substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_- + _t_e_r is an array name subscripted by ** or @@, the value substi- + tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is + an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that + number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi- + mum index of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, so negative indices count back from the + end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele- ment. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r##_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r####_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg pprreeffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the - expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest - matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- - tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the - pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- + the beginning of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the result of the + expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with the shortest + matching pattern (the ``##'' case) or the longest matching pat- + tern (the ``####'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the + pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame- ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_- - _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern - removal operation is applied to each member of the array in + _e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or **, the pattern + removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%_w_o_r_d} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r%%%%_w_o_r_d} RReemmoovvee mmaattcchhiinngg ssuuffffiixx ppaatttteerrnn. The _w_o_r_d is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches - a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the - result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with - the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest - matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ - or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or - **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of + a trailing portion of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r, then the + result of the expansion is the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with + the shortest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) or the longest + matching pattern (the ``%%%%'' case) deleted. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ + or **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + **, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r//_p_a_t_t_e_r_n//_s_t_r_i_n_g} PPaatttteerrnn ssuubbssttiittuuttiioonn. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to produce a pat- - tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and - the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with - _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are - replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is + tern just as in pathname expansion. _P_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is expanded and + the longest match of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n against its value is replaced with + _s_t_r_i_n_g. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with //, all matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are + replaced with _s_t_r_i_n_g. Normally only the first match is replaced. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with ##, it must match at the begin- ning of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n begins with - %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. + %%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. If _s_t_r_i_n_g is null, matches of _p_a_t_t_e_r_n are deleted and the // fol- - lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option + lowing _p_a_t_t_e_r_n may be omitted. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the substitution - operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and - the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array - variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is - applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion + operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and + the expansion is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array + variable subscripted with @@ or **, the substitution operation is + applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r^^^^_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r,,,,_p_a_t_t_e_r_n} - CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- - betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- + CCaassee mmooddiiffiiccaattiioonn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha- + betic characters in _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r. The _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is expanded to pro- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in - the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, - if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern - should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ - operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- + the expanded value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is tested against _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and, + if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern + should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^^ + operator converts lowercase letters matching _p_a_t_t_e_r_n to upper- case; the ,, operator converts matching uppercase letters to low- ercase. The ^^^^ and ,,,, expansions convert each matched character - in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert - only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is - omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is - applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion - is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- + in the expanded value; the ^^ and ,, expansions match and convert + only the first character in the expanded value. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n is + omitted, it is treated like a ??, which matches every character. + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the case modification operation is + applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion + is the resultant list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable sub- scripted with @@ or **, the case modification operation is applied - to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the + to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r@@_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r} PPaarraammeetteerr ttrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn. The expansion is either a transforma- - tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a + tion of the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r or information about _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + itself, depending on the value of _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r. Each _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r is a single letter: - QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + QQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r quoted in a format that can be reused as input. - EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r - with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the + EE The expansion is a string that is the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r + with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the $$''......'' quoting mechansim. PP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding the value of _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r as if it were a prompt string (see PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG below). - AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment - statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will + AA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment + statement or ddeeccllaarree command that, if evaluated, will recreate _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r with its attributes and value. - aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- + aa The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep- resenting _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r's attributes. - If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- - tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant - list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or - **, the case modification operation is applied to each member of + If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is @@ or **, the operation is applied to each posi- + tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant + list. If _p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r is an array variable subscripted with @@ or + **, the case modification operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. - The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and + The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and pathname expansion as described below. CCoommmmaanndd SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn @@ -1775,174 +1776,174 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN BBaasshh performs the expansion by executing _c_o_m_m_a_n_d in a subshell environ- ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are - not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- - mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but + not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com- + mand substitution $$((ccaatt _f_i_l_e)) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $$((<< _f_i_l_e)). - When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash - retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The + When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash + retains its literal meaning except when followed by $$, ``, or \\. The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub- - stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the + stitution. When using the $(_c_o_m_m_a_n_d) form, all characters between the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially. Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes. - If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and + If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the results. AArriitthhmmeettiicc EExxppaannssiioonn - Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression - and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- + Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression + and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan- sion is: $$((((_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n)))) - The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a - double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All + The _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a + double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, com- - mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the - arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be + mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the + arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be nested. - The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under + The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN. If _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n is invalid, bbaasshh prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs. PPrroocceessss SSuubbssttiittuuttiioonn - _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred - to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The - process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as + _P_r_o_c_e_s_s _s_u_b_s_t_i_t_u_t_i_o_n allows a process's input or output to be referred + to using a filename. It takes the form of <<((_l_i_s_t)) or >>((_l_i_s_t)). The + process _l_i_s_t is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com- - mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, - writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form - is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the + mand as the result of the expansion. If the >>((_l_i_s_t)) form is used, + writing to the file will provide input for _l_i_s_t. If the <<((_l_i_s_t)) form + is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the output of _l_i_s_t. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup- port named pipes (_F_I_F_O_s) or the //ddeevv//ffdd method of naming open files. - When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with - parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic + When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with + parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg - The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- - tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes + The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu- + tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for _w_o_r_d _s_p_l_i_t_t_i_n_g. - The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the - results of the other expansions into words using these characters as - field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly - <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>, the default, then sequences of <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, - and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous - expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the - beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other - than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, - ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as - long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- - space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, + The shell treats each character of IIFFSS as a delimiter, and splits the + results of the other expansions into words using these characters as + field terminators. If IIFFSS is unset, or its value is exactly + <<ssppaaccee>><<ttaabb>><<nneewwlliinnee>>, the default, then sequences of <<ssppaaccee>>, <<ttaabb>>, + and <<nneewwlliinnee>> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous + expansions are ignored, and any sequence of IIFFSS characters not at the + beginning or end serves to delimit words. If IIFFSS has a value other + than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters ssppaaccee, + ttaabb, and nneewwlliinnee are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as + long as the whitespace character is in the value of IIFFSS (an IIFFSS white- + space character). Any character in IIFFSS that is not IIFFSS whitespace, along with any adjacent IIFFSS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A - sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. + sequence of IIFFSS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of IIFFSS is null, no word splitting occurs. - Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands + Explicit null arguments ("""" or '''') are retained and passed to commands as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame- - ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument - results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. - When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion - is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' + ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument + results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. + When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion + is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' becomes -d after word splitting and null argument removal. Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed. PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn - After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans - each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters - appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an - alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- - tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the - shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If - the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is - removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are + After word splitting, unless the --ff option has been set, bbaasshh scans + each word for the characters **, ??, and [[. If one of these characters + appears, then the word is regarded as a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n, and replaced with an + alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see PPaatt-- + tteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the + shell option nnuullllgglloobb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If + the nnuullllgglloobb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is + removed. If the ffaaiillgglloobb shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If - the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without - regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used - for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or - immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the + the shell option nnooccaasseegglloobb is enabled, the match is performed without + regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used + for pathname expansion, the character ````..'''' at the start of a name or + immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option ddoottgglloobb is set. When matching a pathname, the slash char- - acter must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' + acter must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the ````..'''' character is not treated specially. See the description of sshhoopptt below under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for a description of the nnooccaasseegglloobb, nnuullll-- gglloobb, ffaaiillgglloobb, and ddoottgglloobb shell options. - The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file- + The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file- names matching a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. If GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is removed from the list of matches. If the nnooccaasseegglloobb option is set, the matching against - the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to case. The - filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set - and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has the - effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other filenames - beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior of ignor- - ing filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the patterns - in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is - unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell + the patterns in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is performed without regard to case. The + filenames ````..'''' and ````....'''' are always ignored when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is set + and not null. However, setting GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE to a non-null value has the + effect of enabling the ddoottgglloobb shell option, so all other filenames + beginning with a ````..'''' will match. To get the old behavior of ignor- + ing filenames beginning with a ````..'''', make ````..**'''' one of the patterns + in GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE. The ddoottgglloobb option is disabled when GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE is + unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the eexxttgglloobb shell option. PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern - characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not - occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the - escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern + characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not + occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the + escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally. The special pattern characters have the following meanings: - ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the - gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a - pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a - single pattern will match all files and zero or more - directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two - adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- + ** Matches any string, including the null string. When the + gglloobbssttaarr shell option is enabled, and ** is used in a + pathname expansion context, two adjacent **s used as a + single pattern will match all files and zero or more + directories and subdirectories. If followed by a //, two + adjacent **s will match only directories and subdirecto- ries. ?? Matches any single character. - [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of - characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- - _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- - ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating - sequence and character set, is matched. If the first + [[......]] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of + characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _r_a_n_g_e _e_x_p_r_e_s_- + _s_i_o_n; any character that falls between those two charac- + ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating + sequence and character set, is matched. If the first character following the [[ is a !! or a ^^ then any charac- - ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- - acters in range expressions is determined by the current - locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell + ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char- + acters in range expressions is determined by the current + locale and the values of the LLCC__CCOOLLLLAATTEE or LLCC__AALLLL shell variables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpreta- - tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to - [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or - enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be + tion of range expressions, where [[aa--dd]] is equivalent to + [[aabbccdd]], set value of the LLCC__AALLLL shell variable to CC, or + enable the gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess shell option. A -- may be matched by including it as the first or last character in the set. A ]] may be matched by including it as the first character in the set. - Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using + Within [[ and ]], _c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r _c_l_a_s_s_e_s can be specified using the syntax [[::_c_l_a_s_s::]], where _c_l_a_s_s is one of the following classes defined in the POSIX standard: - aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt + aallnnuumm aallpphhaa aasscciiii bbllaannkk ccnnttrrll ddiiggiitt ggrraapphh lloowweerr pprriinntt ppuunncctt ssppaaccee uuppppeerr wwoorrdd xxddiiggiitt A character class matches any character belonging to that class. The wwoorrdd character class matches letters, digits, and the character _. - Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified + Within [[ and ]], an _e_q_u_i_v_a_l_e_n_c_e _c_l_a_s_s can be specified using the syntax [[==_c==]], which matches all characters with - the same collation weight (as defined by the current + the same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character _c. Within [[ and ]], the syntax [[.._s_y_m_b_o_l..]] matches the collat- ing symbol _s_y_m_b_o_l. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, several - extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following + extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following description, a _p_a_t_t_e_r_n_-_l_i_s_t is a list of one or more patterns separated by a ||. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol- lowing sub-patterns: @@ -1960,55 +1961,58 @@ EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN QQuuoottee RReemmoovvaall After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac- - ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions + ters \\, '', and "" that did not result from one of the above expansions are removed. RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN - Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d - using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows - commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer + Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _r_e_d_i_r_e_c_t_e_d + using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows + commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and - writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the - current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- + writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the + current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera- tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or may fol- - low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, + low a _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from left to right. - Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may + Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may instead be preceded by a word of the form {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}. In this case, for each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a - file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. - If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines + file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _v_a_r_n_a_m_e. + If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_v_a_r_n_a_m_e}, the value of _v_a_r_n_a_m_e defines the file descriptor to close. - In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- - ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- - direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the - first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection + In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit- + ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <<, the re- + direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the + first character of the redirection operator is >>, the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1). - The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- - tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde - expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, - arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word + The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip- + tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde + expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, + arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it expands to more than one word, bbaasshh reports an error. - Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the + Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the command ls >> dirlist 2>>&&1 - directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, + directs both standard output and standard error to the file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, while the command ls 2>>&&1 >> dirlist - directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard - error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- + directs only the standard output to file _d_i_r_l_i_s_t, because the standard + error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out- put was redirected to _d_i_r_l_i_s_t. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec- - tions, as described in the following table: + tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on + which bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; + otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described + below. //ddeevv//ffdd//_f_d If _f_d is a valid integer, file descriptor _f_d is dupli- @@ -2288,7 +2288,9 @@ Example: \fBMAILPATH\fP=\(aq/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell\-mail?"$_ has mail!"\(aq .PP .B Bash -supplies a default value for this variable, but the location of the user +can be configured to supply +a default value for this variable (there is no value by default), +but the location of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/\fB$USER\fP). .RE .TP @@ -3724,7 +3726,10 @@ before the standard output was redirected to .IR dirlist . .PP \fBBash\fP handles several filenames specially when they are used in -redirections, as described in the following table: +redirections, as described in the following table. +If the operating system on which \fBbash\fP is running provides these +special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them +internally with the behavior described below. .RS .PP .PD 0 diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html index 3c319567..e90cf967 100644 --- a/doc/bash.html +++ b/doc/bash.html @@ -2908,7 +2908,9 @@ Example: <B>Bash</B> -supplies a default value for this variable, but the location of the user +can be configured to supply +a default value for this variable (there is no value by default), +but the location of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/<B>$USER</B>). </DL> @@ -4709,7 +4711,10 @@ before the standard output was redirected to <P> <B>Bash</B> handles several filenames specially when they are used in -redirections, as described in the following table: +redirections, as described in the following table. +If the operating system on which <B>bash</B> is running provides these +special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them +internally with the behavior described below. <DL COMPACT><DT><DD> <P> @@ -13620,6 +13625,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time. </DL> <HR> This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR> -Time: 20 June 2016 15:38:21 EDT +Time: 14 July 2016 11:48:02 EDT </BODY> </HTML> diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf Binary files differindex 69640640..e45a3375 100644 --- a/doc/bash.pdf +++ b/doc/bash.pdf diff --git a/doc/bash.ps b/doc/bash.ps index eb860baf..2dc3878e 100644 --- a/doc/bash.ps +++ b/doc/bash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 20 15:38:03 2016 +%%CreationDate: Thu Jul 14 11:47:28 2016 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic @@ -2205,12 +2205,13 @@ l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 648 Q (pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1 (MAILP)144 696 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y) -.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H -(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .388 -(supplies a def)2.888 F .388(ault v)-.1 F .388(alue for this v)-.25 F -.388(ariable, b)-.25 F .389 -(ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F -(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 720 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0 -(\).)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(16)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .015 +(can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015 +(alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015 +(alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\ +ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 720 Q +(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29) +148.175 E(16)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 17 17 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -3485,13 +3486,17 @@ F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527 (dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 604.8 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya) -.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F -(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 616.8 Q F1(/de)144 633.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A -F0(If)180 645.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 -E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 -E F1(/de)144 657.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.) -180 669.6 Q F1(/de)144 681.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 -(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 693.6 Q F1(/de)144 705.6 Q -(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 717.6 Q +(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 616.8 R .977 +(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978 +(is running pro)3.478 F .978 +(vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F +(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 628.8 Q +(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 645.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 +E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 657.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E +(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 +(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 669.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0 +(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 681.6 Q F1(/de)144 693.6 Q +(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 705.6 Q (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(26)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 27 27 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -3499,2259 +3504,2256 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2 -(port)A F0(If)180 96 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 -(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 -(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 -(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 -120 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 132 Q F2(host) -2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 +SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 +96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/) +A F2(port)A F0(If)180 120 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497 (alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496 (is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(vice name,)180 144 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(vice name,)180 132 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 +(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144 +144 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 156 Q F2(host) +2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496 +(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497 +(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(vice name,)180 168 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 -160.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) --2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ -an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 177.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947 -(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F -(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 189.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 -206.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 +184.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f) +-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\ +an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 201.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946 +(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F +(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 213.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87 +230.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391 (Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 218.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 -(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 230.4 Q F2 +108 242.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391 +(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 254.4 Q F2 (n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G (he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0 (is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E -(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 247.2 Q([)144 264 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 280.8 Q(ecting Output) --.18 E F0 .174 +(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 271.2 Q([)144 288 Q F2 +(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 304.8 Q(ecting Output) +-.18 E F0 .175 (Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e) -108 292.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175 -(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 304.8 -R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 -.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F --.15(ex)108 316.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E +108 316.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174 +(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 328.8 +R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824 +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0 +.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F +-.15(ex)108 340.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E (xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E -(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 333.6 Q([)144 350.4 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154 -(If the redirection operator is)108 367.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C -.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) -2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155 -(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 379.2 R -.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657 -(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-) -5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C +(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 357.6 Q([)144 374.4 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155 +(If the redirection operator is)108 391.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C +.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the) +2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154 +(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 403.2 R +.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658 +(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-) +5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409 -(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409 +(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408 (iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 -403.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) +427.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by) -2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 -420 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642 -(Redirection of output in this f)108 432 R .642 -(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641 -(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473 -(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 444 R F2(n)2.973 E F0 +444 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641 +(Redirection of output in this f)108 456 R .642 +(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642 +(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474 +(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 468 R F2(n)2.974 E F0 2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0 -.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108 -456 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E -(The general format for appending output is:)108 472.8 Q([)144 489.6 Q -F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 506.4 Q -(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 518.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0 +.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108 +480 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E +(The general format for appending output is:)108 496.8 Q([)144 513.6 Q +F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 530.4 Q +(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(This construct allo)108 542.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -530.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(There are tw)108 547.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +554.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(There are tw)108 571.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1 -(&>)144 564 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 576 Q F1(>&)144 588 Q F2(wor) -A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 604.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G +(&>)144 588 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 600 Q F1(>&)144 612 Q F2(wor) +A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 628.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G (orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E --.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 621.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 -E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 638.4 R F2(wor) +-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 645.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 +E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 662.4 R F2(wor) 2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or) --.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G -.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 650.4 Q +-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G +.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 674.4 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E -(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 667.2 S -(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249 -(This construct allo)108 679.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ +(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 691.2 S +(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248 +(This construct allo)108 703.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\ \214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-) -.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 -691.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E -(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 708 -Q F1(&>>)144 724.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 May 29)148.175 E(27)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +715.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(27)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 28 28 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -(This is semantically equi)108 84 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(>>)144 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)-.37 E -F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 117.6 Q F1 -(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 -134.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redirection i\ -nstructs the shell to read input from the current source until a line c\ -ontaining only)108 146.4 R F2(delimiter)108.35 158.4 Q F0 .615 -(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615 +(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 84 +Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&>>)144 100.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d) +-.37 E F0(This is semantically equi)108 117.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to) +.25 E F1(>>)144 134.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A +(\(see)108 151.2 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E +(w\).)-.25 E F1(Her)87 168 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This \ +type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the current \ +source until a line containing only)108 180 R F2(delimiter)108.35 192 Q +F0 .614(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615 (All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615 -F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 170.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E -F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E -(The format of here-documents is:)108 187.2 Q([)144 204 Q F2(n)A F0(])A -F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 216 Q -(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 228 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 -244.8 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302 +F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 204 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2 +(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E +(The format of here-documents is:)108 220.8 Q([)144 237.6 Q F2(n)A F0(]) +A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 249.6 Q +(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 261.6 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 +278.4 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301 (xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108 -256.8 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 +290.4 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715 -.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415 (is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415 (is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n) --2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773 -(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 268.8 R 3.274 -(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774 -(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59 -(are subjected to parameter e)108 280.8 R 2.59 +-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774 +(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 302.4 R 3.274 +(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773 +(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59 +(are subjected to parameter e)108 314.4 R 2.59 (xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59 -(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 292.8 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 +(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 326.4 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0 (must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 -E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601 -(If the redirection operator is)108 309.6 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 +E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602 +(If the redirection operator is)108 343.2 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101 (,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\ - and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 321.6 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 + and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 355.2 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5 (.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E (ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f) --.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 338.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 -2.5(Av)108 350.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([) -144 367.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 384 Q F2 -(wor)2.894 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 -(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393 -(ariable e)-.25 F .393(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.147 -(tution, arithmetic e)108 396 R 2.147(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 372 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0 2.5 +(Av)108 384 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)144 +400.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 417.6 Q F2 +(wor)2.893 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.893 E .393(goes brace e)-.18 F .393 +(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .394 +(ariable e)-.25 F .394(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 2.148 +(tution, arithmetic e)108 429.6 R 2.148(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 4.648(l. P).25 F 2.148(athname e)-.15 F 2.148 -(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.148(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E -2.813(formed. The)108 408 R .313 -(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.813 F .312 +(xpansion and w)-.15 F 2.147(ord splitting are not per)-.1 F(-)-.2 E +2.812(formed. The)108 441.6 R .313 +(result is supplied as a single string, with a ne)2.812 F .313 (wline appended, to the command on its standard)-.25 F -(input \(or \214le descriptor)108 420 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 -E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 436.8 Q -F0(The redirection operator)108 448.8 Q([)144 465.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1 -(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126 -(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 482.4 R(If)5.127 E -F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127 +(input \(or \214le descriptor)108 453.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n) +2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 +470.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)108 482.4 Q([)144 499.2 Q F2(n)A F0 +(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127 +(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 516 R(If)5.127 E F2 +(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126 (pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108 -494.4 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G -2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G -2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149 -(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 506.4 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor) -2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E -F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.) -2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F -(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 518.4 Q -(The operator)108 535.2 Q([)144 552 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 .444 -(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 568.8 R -(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443 -(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357 -(tor 1\) is used.)108 580.8 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor) -4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ -utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 592.8 R F2(wor) -3.094 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E +528 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G +2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G +2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0 +.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15 +(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 540 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)2.99 +E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 2.649 +<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is closed.) +2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)2.889 F +(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 552 Q +(The operator)108 568.8 Q([)144 585.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A +(d)-.37 E F0 .443 +(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 602.4 R +(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444 +(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358 +(tor 1\) is used.)108 614.4 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor) +4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\ +utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 626.4 R F2(wor) +3.093 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254 (is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0 -.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E -.965(not e)108 604.8 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> -3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966 +.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E +.966(not e)108 638.4 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad> +3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965 (he standard output and standard error are redirected as described) --3.466 F(pre)108 616.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 633.6 Q -(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 645.6 Q([) -144 662.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 679.2 Q --.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2 -(digit)3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 -3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535 -(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 -.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 691.2 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 -(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly) -108 708 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 724.8 Q F2 -(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 May 29)148.175 E(28)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-3.466 F(pre)108 650.4 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 667.2 Q +(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 679.2 Q([) +144 696 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 712.8 Q +-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2 +(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 +3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536 +(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 +.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 724.8 Q F2(digit)5 E F0 +(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(28)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 29 29 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(mo)108 84 Q -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F/F1 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1 -(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286 -(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 -.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(Opening File Descriptors f)87 112.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 -(The redirection operator)108 124.8 Q([)144 141.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(Similarly)108 84 Q +2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)A F1(digit)A F2 +<ad>A F0(mo)108 117.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286 +(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F1(digit)2.786 E F0 .286 +(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F1(n)2.786 E F0 2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt) +-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F1 +(n)2.785 E F0 .285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 129.6 Q F2 +(Opening File Descriptors f)87 146.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0 +(The redirection operator)108 158.4 Q([)144 175.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>) A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108 -158.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 +192 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349 (to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor) -108 170.4 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G +108 204 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G (le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E (If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 187.2 Q F1(Aliases)108 199.2 Q F0(allo)3.173 -E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674 -(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 220.8 Q F1(Aliases)108 232.8 Q F0(allo)3.174 +E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674 +(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673 (ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\ -ses that may be set and unset with the)108 211.2 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0 -(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2 -F(\(see)108 223.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09 -E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 -(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F -(check)108 235.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473 -(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472 -(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A -F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 247.2 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0 -1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell) --3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 -(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112 -(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 259.2 R 1.12 -(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G -1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119 -(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 271.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1 -F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514 -(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F -.296(not e)108 283.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 -(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 -.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 -(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 295.2 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F -3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543 -(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne) --3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 307.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E +ses that may be set and unset with the)108 244.8 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0 +(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2 +F(\(see)108 256.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E +1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98 +(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 +F(check)108 268.8 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472 +(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473 +(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A +F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 280.8 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0 +1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell) +-3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112 +(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111 +(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 292.8 R 1.119 +(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G +1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12 +(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 304.8 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1 +F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513 +(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F +.295(not e)108 316.8 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296 +(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2 +.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2 +(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 328.8 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F +3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542 +(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne) +-3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 340.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E (wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 -E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 324 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 +E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 357.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0 (command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2 (unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284 -(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 340.8 R .284 +(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 374.4 R .284 (guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E .284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see) -108 352.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 -(Aliases are not e)108 369.6 R 1.22 +108 386.4 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22 +(Aliases are not e)108 403.2 R 1.22 (xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u) .15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F F2(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22 -(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 381.6 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 +(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 415.2 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 (\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4 (SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 -E .436 +E .435 (The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108 -398.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1 -(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337 -(one complete line of input before e)108 410.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 +432 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1(wa) +-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338 +(one complete line of input before e)108 444 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338 (cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338 -(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338 -(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 422.4 S .904 -(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 +(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337 +(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 456 S .904 +(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404 (cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904 -(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161 -(another command does not tak)108 434.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 -G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F -1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277 -(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 446.4 R .277 +(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162 +(another command does not tak)108 468 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662 G +1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F +1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277 +(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 480 R .277 (fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha) -2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108 -458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F -.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\ -n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613 -(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 470.4 R .612 +2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108 +492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F .699 +(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the function is\ + e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612 +(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 504 R .613 (As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2 -(av)108 482.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 +(av)108 516 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058 -(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059 +(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058 (ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108 -494.4 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 511.2 -S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G +528 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 544.8 S +2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3 -(FUNCTIONS)72 528 Q F0 3.468(As)108 540 S .968 -(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 +(FUNCTIONS)72 561.6 Q F0 3.467(As)108 573.6 S .967 +(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 -.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 552 R --.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ -ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316 -(mands associated with that function name is e)108 564 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315 -(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035 -(shell; no ne)108 576 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036 -(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F --.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036 -F .64(function is e)108 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F +.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 585.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\ +ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315 +(mands associated with that function name is e)108 597.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316 +(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036 +(shell; no ne)108 609.6 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036 +(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035 +F .639(function is e)108 621.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F .639 (guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e) --.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 600 R -F2(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532 -(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F -.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 612 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME) --.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G +-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 633.6 +R F2(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532 +(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F +.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 645.6 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E +(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G (riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108 -628.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 +662.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25 (vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F -1.214(these e)108 640.8 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.714 E(UG) --.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 -(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 652.8 S(IL) -.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479 +1.215(these e)108 674.4 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F F4(DEB)3.715 E(UG) +-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E F2(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215 +(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0 -.2(bu) +3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F4(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 686.4 S(IL) +.09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479 (w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E -.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 664.8 R F4(declar) +-.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E +.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 698.4 R F4(declar) 2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the) -.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42 -(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu) -108 676.8 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 +(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu) +108 710.4 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2 (DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072 -(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321 -F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 688.8 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 -(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 705.6 S .655 -(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local) -3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E -3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 717.6 Q -(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(29)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(traps\), and the)2.572 F F4(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322 +F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 722.4 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0 +(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29) +148.175 E(29)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 30 30 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -1.11(Va)108 84 S +.656(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 +F(Ordinarily)5.655 E 3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F(their v) +108 96 Q(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.) +-.55 E(The)108 112.8 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0 -.25(va)3.528 G 1.028 (riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028 (alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108 -96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G +124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G (cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.) --.15 E .043(If the b)108 112.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) +-.15 E .044(If the b)108 141.6 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re) 2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043 (cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 124.8 R 1.012 +.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 153.6 R 1.011 (xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G -1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011 -(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 136.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213 -(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214 +1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012 +(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 165.6 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213 +(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213 (alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter) -108 148.8 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E +108 177.6 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe) --2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359 -(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 165.6 R F1 +-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358 +(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 194.4 R F1 <ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E -F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F -3.39(mands. The)108 177.6 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 +F0(or)3.859 E F1(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F +3.39(mands. The)108 206.4 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1 (declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89 (will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F -.327(\214le and line number)108 189.6 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G -(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 -(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326 -(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 201.6 R -1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.797 E -F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798 -(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161 -(deleted using the)108 213.6 R F1<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the) -2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16 -(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25 -F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108 -225.6 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825 -(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 237.6 Q -(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372 -(Functions may be recursi)108 254.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) +.326(\214le and line number)108 218.4 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G +(he)-2.826 E F1(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326 +(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327 +(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 230.4 R +1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F1<ad66>3.798 E +F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F1(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797 +(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F .16 +(deleted using the)108 242.4 R F1<ad66>2.66 E F0 .16(option to the)2.66 +F F1(unset)2.66 E F0 -.2(bu)2.66 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .161 +(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .161(ariables with the same name) +-.25 F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en) +108 254.4 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G +3.825(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 266.4 Q +(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .371 +(Functions may be recursi)108 283.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he) -5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371 (riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141 -(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 266.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G +(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 295.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141 -(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 278.4 Q .3 +(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 307.2 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72 -295.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298 -(The shell allo)108 307.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297 -(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297 -(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E F0 -(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 319.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183 -(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and) -2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183 -(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 331.2 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F -1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 --.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 -(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828 -(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 343.2 R(vity)-.25 E +324 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297(The shell allo) +108 336 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F +-.25(va)-.25 G 2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F +F1(let)4.798 E F0(and)4.798 E F1(declar)108 348 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +2.684 G .183(iltin commands, the).2 F F1(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183 +(compound command, and)2.683 F F1 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 +2.683(\). Ev)B .183(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 360 Q 1.057 +(ed-width inte)-.15 F 1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G(r\215o).15 E 2.357 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057 +(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829 +(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 372 R(vity)-.25 E 3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829 -(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F -(lo)108 355.2 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F --.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le) -5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F -(of decreasing precedence.)108 367.2 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 -384 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 396 S -(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 408 Q F3(id)A -F1<adad>2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 420 S -(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 432 S F0 -(unary minus and plus)144 432 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 444 S F0 -(logical and bitwise ne)144 444 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 -456 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 456 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 468 S F0 -(multiplication, di)144 468 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad>108 -480 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 480 Q F1(<< >>)108 492 Q F0 -(left and right bitwise shifts)144 492 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 504 Q F0 -(comparison)144 516 Q F1(== !=)108 528 Q F0(equality and inequality)144 -528 Q F1(&)108 540 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 540 Q F1(^)108 552 Q F0 -(bitwise e)144 552 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|)108 -564 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 564 Q F1(&&)108 576 Q F0(logical AND)144 576 Q -F1(||)108 588 Q F0(logical OR)144 588 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 600 S(pr).2 E F1 -(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 -(conditional operator)144 612 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 624 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5 -(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G(<= >>= &= ^= |=) --2.5 E F0(assignment)144 636 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 648 S(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E -F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 660 Q .68(Shell v)108 676.8 R .68 -(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 +(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F +(lo)108 384 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)5.44 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F +(of decreasing precedence.)108 396 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 +412.8 Q F1(++)A F3(id)2.5 E F1<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 424.8 S +(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F1(++)108 436.8 Q F3(id) +A F1<adad>2.5 E F3(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 448.8 S +(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F1 2.5<ad2b>108 460.8 S F0 +(unary minus and plus)144 460.8 Q F1 2.5(!~)108 472.8 S F0 +(logical and bitwise ne)144 472.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F1(**)108 +484.8 Q F0 -.15(ex)144 484.8 S(ponentiation).15 E F1 2.5(*/%)108 496.8 S +F0(multiplication, di)144 496.8 Q(vision, remainder)-.25 E F1 2.5<2bad> +108 508.8 S F0(addition, subtraction)144 508.8 Q F1(<< >>)108 520.8 Q F0 +(left and right bitwise shifts)144 520.8 Q F1(<= >= < >)108 532.8 Q F0 +(comparison)144 544.8 Q F1(== !=)108 556.8 Q F0(equality and inequality) +144 556.8 Q F1(&)108 568.8 Q F0(bitwise AND)144 568.8 Q F1(^)108 580.8 Q +F0(bitwise e)144 580.8 Q(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F1(|) +108 592.8 Q F0(bitwise OR)144 592.8 Q F1(&&)108 604.8 Q F0(logical AND) +144 604.8 Q F1(||)108 616.8 Q F0(logical OR)144 616.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 +628.8 S(pr).2 E F1(?)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F1(:)A F3 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0 +(conditional operator)144 640.8 Q F1 2.5(=*)108 652.8 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G +2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5<3dad>-2.5 G 2.5(=<)-2.5 G +(<= >>= &= ^= |=)-2.5 E F0(assignment)144 664.8 Q F3 -.2(ex)108 676.8 S +(pr1).2 E F1(,)2.5 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 688.8 Q .68 +(Shell v)108 705.6 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68 +(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68 (xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F --.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 688.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4 -F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 +-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 717.6 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4 +F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007 (ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter) --.25 F -.15(ex)108 700.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G -1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va) --.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467 -(using the parameter e)108 712.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 -(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.389 -(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 724.8 R 1.389 -(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.89(nt).15 G(he)-3.89 -E F3(inte)3.89 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.89 E 1.39(ute using)-.2 -F F1(declar)3.89 E 3.89(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.89 E F0(is)3.89 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(30)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.25 F -.15(ex)108 729.6 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G +1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(30)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 31 31 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .333(assigned a v) -108 84 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F --.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G .332(hell v) --2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E -/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib) -2.832 E .332(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 96 Q(xpression.) --.15 E 1.406 -(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 112.8 -R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) --.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 124.8 R 2.613(et)-.1 G .113 -(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) -2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533 -(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 136.8 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533 -(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534 -(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108 -148.8 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513 -(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512 -(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942 -(@, and _, in that order)108 160.8 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base) -3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.466 +(using the parameter e)108 84 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467 +(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25 +(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39 +(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 96 R 1.389 +(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he) +-3.889 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inte)3.889 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0 +(attrib)3.889 E 1.389(ute using)-.2 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)3.889 +E 3.889(e-)-.18 G(i)-3.889 E F0(is)3.889 E .332(assigned a v)108 108 R +2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 +G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332 +(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632 -.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 +E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F +(to be used in an e)108 120 Q(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406 +(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 136.8 +R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.) +-.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 148.8 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112 +(he form [)-2.612 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base) +2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534 +(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 160.8 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534 +(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533 +(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108 +172.8 R F1(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512 +(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513 +(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943 +(@, and _, in that order)108 184.8 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base) +3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942 (wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F -(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 172.8 Q -.235(Operators are e)108 189.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 196.8 Q +.234(Operators are e)108 213.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234 (luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234 -(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234 -(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 201.6 S -(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F2 10.95 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 218.4 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255 -(Conditional e)108 230.4 R .255(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF([[)2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F3 -(test)2.755 E F0(and)2.755 E F3([)2.756 E F0 -.2(bu)2.756 G .256 -(iltin commands to test).2 F .77(\214le attrib)108 242.4 R .77 +(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235 +(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 225.6 S +(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 242.4 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256 +(Conditional e)108 254.4 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[) +2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and) +2.755 E F2([)2.755 E F0 -.2(bu)2.755 G .255(iltin commands to test).2 F +.77(\214le attrib)108 266.4 R .77 (utes and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.)-.2 F .77 -(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.04 -(unary or binary primaries.)108 254.4 R 1.04(If an)6.04 F(y)-.15 E F1 -(\214le)3.54 E F0(ar)3.54 E 1.041 -(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.541 E -(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.541(,t)C 1.041(hen \214le)-3.541 F(descriptor)108 -266.4 Q F1(n)3.789 E F0 1.289(is check)3.789 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the) -3.789 E F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 +(Expressions are formed from the follo)5.77 F(wing)-.25 E 1.041 +(unary or binary primaries.)108 278.4 R 1.041(If an)6.041 F(y)-.15 E F1 +(\214le)3.541 E F0(ar)3.541 E 1.04 +(gument to one of the primaries is of the form)-.18 F F1(/de)3.54 E +(v/fd/n)-.15 E F0 3.54(,t)C 1.04(hen \214le)-3.54 F(descriptor)108 290.4 +Q F1(n)3.788 E F0 1.289(is check)3.788 F 3.789(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.789 E +F1(\214le)3.789 E F0(ar)3.789 E 1.289 (gument to one of the primaries is one of)-.18 F F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdin) --.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.788 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.788(,o)C(r)-3.788 E F1 -(/de)108 278.4 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C +-.15 E F0(,)A F1(/de)3.789 E(v/stdout)-.15 E F0 3.789(,o)C(r)-3.789 E F1 +(/de)108 302.4 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0 2.5<2c8c>C (le descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respecti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.5 -(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .721 +(,i)-.65 G 2.5(sc)-2.5 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed.)-.1 E .722 (Unless otherwise speci\214ed, primaries that operate on \214les follo) -108 295.2 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .722(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) --3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 307.2 -Q 1.096(When used with)108 325.2 R F3([[)3.596 E F0 3.596(,t)C(he)-3.596 -E F3(<)3.596 E F0(and)3.595 E F3(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) -3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.095 -E F3(test)3.595 E F0(com-)3.595 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 -337.2 Q F3<ad61>108 361.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 361.2 S -(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3<ad62>108 -373.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 373.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F3<ad63>108 -385.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 385.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F3 -<ad64>108 397.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 397.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F3 -<ad65>108 409.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 409.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F3<ad66>108 421.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 421.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F3<ad67>108 433.2 -Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 433.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F3<ad68>108 445.2 Q F1 +108 319.2 R 3.221(ws)-.25 G .721(ymbolic links and operate on the tar) +-3.221 F(get)-.18 E(of the link, rather than the link itself.)108 331.2 +Q 1.095(When used with)108 349.2 R F2([[)3.595 E F0 3.595(,t)C(he)-3.595 +E F2(<)3.595 E F0(and)3.595 E F2(>)3.595 E F0 1.095(operators sort le) +3.595 F 1.095(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 F(The)6.096 +E F2(test)3.596 E F0(com-)3.596 E(mand sorts using ASCII ordering.)108 +361.2 Q F2<ad61>108 385.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 385.2 S +(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2<ad62>108 +397.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 397.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a block special \214le.).15 E F2<ad63>108 +409.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 409.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a character special \214le.).15 E F2 +<ad64>108 421.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 421.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2 +<ad65>108 433.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 433.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2<ad66>108 445.2 Q F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 445.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad6b>108 457.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 457.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2<ad67>108 457.2 +Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 457.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2<ad68>108 469.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 469.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2<ad6b>108 481.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 481.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 (ex)2.5 G(ists and its `).15 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G -(it is set.)-2.5 E F3<ad70>108 469.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -469.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F3<ad72>108 481.2 Q F1(\214le) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 481.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and is readable.).15 E F3<ad73>108 493.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 --.35(Tr)144 493.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F3<ad74>108 505.2 Q F1(fd) -2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 505.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E -F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F3<ad75>108 517.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 517.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F3<ad77>108 -529.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 529.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 -E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F3<ad78>108 541.2 Q F1 +(it is set.)-2.5 E F2<ad70>108 493.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +493.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a named pipe \(FIFO\).).15 E F2<ad72>108 505.2 Q F1(\214le) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 505.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 +G(ists and is readable.).15 E F2<ad73>108 517.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 517.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2<ad74>108 529.2 Q F1(fd) +2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 529.2 S(ue if \214le descriptor).35 E F1(fd)4.47 E +F0(is open and refers to a terminal.)3.27 E F2<ad75>108 541.2 Q F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 541.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F3<ad47>108 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2 E F2<ad77>108 553.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 553.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2<ad78>108 565.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 565.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2<ad47>108 +577.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 577.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 -E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F3<ad4c>108 565.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 565.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F3<ad4e>108 577.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E -F0 -.35(Tr)144 577.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G -(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F3 -<ad4f>108 589.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 589.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F2<ad4c>108 589.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 589.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2<ad4e>108 601.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E +F0 -.35(Tr)144 601.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G +(ists and has been modi\214ed since it w).15 E(as last read.)-.1 E F2 +<ad4f>108 613.2 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 613.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E -(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F3<ad53>108 601.2 Q F1 -(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 601.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 -(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1(\214le1)108 613.2 Q F3 -(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 625.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 +(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H(ser id.).15 E F2<ad53>108 625.2 Q F1 +(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 625.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15 +(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F1(\214le1)108 637.2 Q F2 +(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 649.2 S(ue if).35 E F1 (\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(refer to the same de)2.5 -E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1(\214le1)108 637.2 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F3 -(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 649.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 +E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F1(\214le1)108 661.2 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F2 +(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 673.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F1 (\214le2)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F1 -(\214le1)108 661.2 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F3(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 -673.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F1(\214le2) +(\214le1)108 685.2 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F2(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 +697.2 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than)2.5 E F1(\214le2) 2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ri)-2.5 G(f)-2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 -G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E F3<ad6f>108 685.2 Q -F1(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 697.2 S .262(ue if the shell option).35 -F F1(optname)2.992 E F0 .262(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 -(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F3<ad6f> -2.763 E F0(option to the)144 709.2 Q F3(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G -(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29) -148.175 E(31)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +G(ists and).15 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(does not.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 +Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(31)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 32 32 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad76>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 -S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0 -(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad52>108 108 Q -F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 120 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable) --.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.)2.68 E F1 -<ad7a>108 132 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 144 S +SF<ad6f>108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 96 +S .263(ue if the shell option).35 F F2(optname)2.992 E F0 .262 +(is enabled.)2.942 F .262 +(See the list of options under the description of the)5.262 F F1<ad6f> +2.762 E F0(option to the)144 108 Q F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G +(iltin belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1<ad76>108 120 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 +-.35(Tr)144 132 S(ue if the shell v).35 E(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 +E F0(is set \(has been assigned a v)2.68 E(alue\).)-.25 E F1<ad52>108 +144 Q F2(varname)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 156 S(ue if the shell v).35 E +(ariable)-.25 E F2(varname)2.79 E F0(is set and is a name reference.) +2.68 E F1<ad7a>108 168 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 180 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.5 E F0(is zero.)2.5 E F2(string) -108 156 Q F1<ad6e>108 168 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 180 S +108 192 Q F1<ad6e>108 204 Q F2(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 216 S (ue if the length of).35 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is non-zero.)2.72 E F2 -(string1)108 196.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 208.8 Q F1 -(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 220.8 S .862 +(string1)108 232.8 Q F1(==)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E(string1)108 244.8 Q F1 +(=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 256.8 S .861 (ue if the strings are equal.).35 F F1(=)5.861 E F0 .861 -(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .861 -(command for POSIX conformance.)3.361 F .446(When used with the)144 -232.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 -(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .747 --.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 244.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 -(string1)108 261.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 273.6 S -(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 290.4 Q F1(<)2.5 -E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 302.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E +(should be used with the)3.361 F F1(test)3.361 E F0 .862 +(command for POSIX conformance.)3.362 F .447(When used with the)144 +268.8 R F1([[)2.946 E F0 .446 +(command, this performs pattern matching as described abo)2.946 F .746 +-.15(ve \()-.15 H F1(Compound).15 E(Commands)144 280.8 Q F0(\).)A F2 +(string1)108 297.6 Q F1(!=)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 309.6 S +(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2(string1)108 326.4 Q F1(<)2.5 +E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)144 338.4 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts before)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 -E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 319.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 -(Tr)144 331.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 +E(.)-.65 E F2(string1)108 355.2 Q F1(>)2.5 E F2(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35 +(Tr)144 367.2 S(ue if).35 E F2(string1)2.5 E F0(sorts after)2.5 E F2 (string2)2.5 E F0(le)2.5 E(xicographically)-.15 E(.)-.65 E F2(ar)108.33 -348 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -(OP)144 360 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.635 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 +384 Q(g1)-.37 E F1(OP)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(OP)144 396 Q F0 .385(is one of)2.634 F F1(\255eq)2.885 E F0(,)A F1 (\255ne)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255lt)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255le)2.885 E F0(,)A F1(\255gt)2.885 E F0 2.885(,o)C(r)-2.885 E F1(\255ge)2.885 E F0 5.385 (.T)C 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simple command is e)108 448.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .614 +(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614 (xpansions, assignments, and redi-)-.15 F(rections, from left to right.) -108 424.8 Q(1.)108 441.6 Q 1.848(The w)144 441.6 R 1.848 -(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.849 +108 460.8 Q(1.)108 477.6 Q 1.849(The w)144 477.6 R 1.849 +(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848 (ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F -(name\) and redirections are sa)144 453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G -(or later processing.)-2.5 E(2.)108 470.4 Q 1.164(The w)144 470.4 R -1.164(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164 -(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.663(xpanded. 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If)-.15 +F(an)3.664 E 3.664(yw)-.15 G 1.164(ords remain)-3.764 F .776(after e)144 +518.4 R .776(xpansion, the \214rst w)-.15 F .776(ord is tak)-.1 F .775 (en to be the name of the command and the remaining w)-.1 F(ords)-.1 E -(are the ar)144 494.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 511.2 Q -(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 511.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) +(are the ar)144 530.4 Q(guments.)-.18 E(3.)108 547.2 Q +(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 547.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u) -.15 H(nder).15 E F3(REDIRECTION)2.5 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(4.) -108 528 Q .717(The te)144 528 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 +108 564 Q .716(The te)144 564 R .717(xt after the)-.15 F F1(=)3.217 E F0 .717(in each v)3.217 F .717(ariable assignment under)-.25 F .717 (goes tilde e)-.18 F .717(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F(xpansion,)-.15 E -.339(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 540 R .339 +.34(command substitution, arithmetic e)144 576 R .339 (xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.839(lb).25 G .339 -(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 552 Q .332 -(If no command name results, the v)108 568.8 R .332 +(efore being assigned to the v)-2.839 F(ari-)-.25 E(able.)144 588 Q .332 +(If no command name results, the v)108 604.8 R .332 (ariable assignments af)-.25 F .332(fect the current shell en)-.25 F -2.832(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.832 E -.25(va)108 580.8 S .757 +2.833(vironment. Otherwise,)-.4 F(the)2.833 E -.25(va)108 616.8 S .757 (riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .757(cuted command and do not af).15 F .757 -(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 592.8 -R(an)3.177 E 3.177(yo)-.15 G 3.177(ft)-3.177 G .677 -(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677 -(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F -(the command e)108 604.8 Q(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 E .149 -(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 621.6 R -.149(ut do not af)-.2 F .15(fect the current shell en)-.25 F 2.65 -(vironment. A)-.4 F(redirection error causes the command to e)108 633.6 +(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.176(ronment. 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Unless)-.25 F -.133(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .133(alues are inherited from)-.25 F -(the shell.)108 640.8 Q<83>108 657.6 Q 1.055(the shell')144 657.6 R -3.555(so)-.55 G 1.055(pen \214les, plus an)-3.555 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G +.134(otherwise noted, the v)2.634 F .134(alues are inherited from)-.25 F +(the shell.)108 681.6 Q<83>108 698.4 Q 1.056(the shell')144 698.4 R +3.556(so)-.55 G 1.056(pen \214les, plus an)-3.556 F 3.556(ym)-.15 G 1.056 (odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-) --3.556 F(mand)144 669.6 Q<83>108 686.4 Q(the current w)144 686.4 Q -(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 703.2 Q(the \214le creation mode mask)144 -703.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(33)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-3.556 F(mand)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E +(33)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 34 34 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q .857 -(shell v)144 84 R .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e) --.1 F .857(xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 -(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 96 Q(vironment)-.4 -E<83>108 112.8 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)144 -112.8 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G .307 -(arent, and traps ignored)-2.807 F(by the shell are ignored)144 124.8 Q -2.5(Ac)108 141.6 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(di).1 G -2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E<83>108 84 Q +(the current w)144 84 Q(orking directory)-.1 E<83>108 100.8 Q +(the \214le creation mode mask)144 100.8 Q<83>108 117.6 Q .856(shell v) +144 117.6 R .857(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F +.857(xport, along with v)-.15 F .857(ariables e)-.25 F .857 +(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 129.6 Q(vironment) +-.4 E<83>108 146.4 Q .307(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v) +144 146.4 R .306(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.806(sp)-.55 G +.306(arent, and traps ignored)-2.806 F(by the shell are ignored)144 +158.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 175.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5 +(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E (fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E (vironment.)-.4 E .577(Command substitution, commands grouped with pare\ -ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 158.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 -(ke).2 G 3.077(di).1 G(n)-3.077 E 2.744(as)108 170.4 S .244(ubshell en) --2.744 F .244(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .245 -(vironment, e)-.4 F .245(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F -.359(reset to the v)108 182.4 R .358 +ntheses, and asynchronous commands are in)108 192 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) +.2 G 3.078(di).1 G(n)-3.078 E 2.745(as)108 204 S .245(ubshell en)-2.745 +F .245(vironment that is a duplicate of the shell en)-.4 F .244 +(vironment, e)-.4 F .244(xcept that traps caught by the shell are)-.15 F +.358(reset to the v)108 216 R .358 (alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4 -G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .358(commands that are in)2.858 F -.2(vo) --.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 194.4 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.357 -(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .857(made to the subshell en)3.357 F(viron-) --.4 E(ment cannot af)108 206.4 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G --.15(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.377(Subshells spa)108 -223.2 R 1.377(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 +G 2.858(cation. Builtin).2 F .359(commands that are in)2.859 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .857(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 228 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .856(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 3.356 +(vironment. Changes)-.4 F .856(made to the subshell en)3.356 F(viron-) +-.4 E(ment cannot af)108 240 Q(fect the shell')-.25 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15 +(xe)-2.65 G(cution en).15 E(vironment.)-.4 E 1.376(Subshells spa)108 +256.8 R 1.376(wned to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.377 (cute command substitutions inherit the v).15 F 1.377(alue of the)-.25 F -/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>3.876 E F0 1.376(option from the parent) -3.876 F 2.5(shell. When)108 235.2 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad65>3.877 E F0 1.377(option from the parent) +3.877 F 2.5(shell. When)108 268.8 R(not in)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF (posix)2.5 E F0(mode,)2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(clears the)2.5 E F1<ad65> -2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .404(If a command is follo)108 -252 R .404(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.904 E F0 .405 -(and job control is not acti)2.904 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.905(,t).15 G .405 -(he def)-2.905 F .405(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .198 -(is the empty \214le)108 264 R F2(/de)2.698 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.198(.O) -C .198(therwise, the in)-5.198 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.698(dc).1 G -.197(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell)-2.698 -F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 276 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -(ENVIR)72 292.8 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.353(When a program is in)108 304.8 -R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G 4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg) --4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na).25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353 -(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en)4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 -E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.354(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 316.8 Q -F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2 -(value)A F0(.).18 E 1.486(The shell pro)108 333.6 R 1.486(vides se)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.486(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F -3.985(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.485 -(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 345.6 Q .144(viron\ +2.5 E F0(option in such subshells.)2.5 E .405(If a command is follo)108 +285.6 R .405(wed by a)-.25 F F1(&)2.905 E F0 .404 +(and job control is not acti)2.905 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.904(,t).15 G .404 +(he def)-2.904 F .404(ault standard input for the command)-.1 F .197 +(is the empty \214le)108 297.6 R F2(/de)2.697 E(v/null)-.15 E F0 5.197 +(.O)C .197(therwise, the in)-5.197 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.697(dc) +.1 G .198(ommand inherits the \214le descriptors of the calling shell) +-2.697 F(as modi\214ed by redirections.)108 309.6 Q/F3 10.95 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(ENVIR)72 326.4 Q(ONMENT)-.329 E F0 2.354 +(When a program is in)108 338.4 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.853(di).1 G +4.853(ti)-4.853 G 4.853(sg)-4.853 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)-4.853 H 4.853(na) +.25 G 4.853(na)-4.853 G 2.353(rray of strings called the)-4.853 F F2(en) +4.853 E(vir)-.4 E(onment)-.45 E F0 7.353(.T).68 G 2.353 +(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 350.4 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0 +(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E +1.485(The shell pro)108 367.2 R 1.485(vides se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +1.485(ral w).15 F 1.485(ays to manipulate the en)-.1 F 3.985 +(vironment. On)-.4 F(in)3.985 E -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.486 +(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 379.2 Q .144(viron\ ment and creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking\ - it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.644 G(port).2 E F0 .144(to child pro-)3.324 F -2.704(cesses. Ex)108 357.6 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F + it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F +2.703(cesses. Ex)108 391.2 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F 2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(export)2.703 E F0(and)2.703 E F1(declar) -2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.703 -(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.703 E 1.153 -(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 369.6 R -3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.154 -(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 381.6 Q .64 +2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203(commands allo)2.703 F 2.704 +(wp)-.25 G(aram-)-2.704 E 1.153 +(eters and functions to be added to and deleted from the en)108 403.2 R +3.653(vironment. If)-.4 F 1.153(the v)3.653 F 1.153 +(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 415.2 Q .64 (vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64 (alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.) --.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 393.6 +-.4 F .64(The en)5.64 F(viron-)-.4 E .58(ment inherited by an)108 427.2 R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58 (cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58 (nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F -.301(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 405.6 R 2.801(yp)-.15 G .301 -(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he) --2.801 E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3 -(dditions via the)-2.8 F F1(export)2.8 E F0(and)2.8 E F1(declar)108 -417.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .562(The en)108 -434.4 R .562(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .562(simple command) -3.402 F F0 .563 +.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 439.2 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3 +(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801 +E F1(unset)2.801 E F0 .301(command, plus an)2.801 F 2.801(ya)-.15 G .301 +(dditions via the)-2.801 F F1(export)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(declar) +108 451.2 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.5 E F0(commands.)2.5 E .563(The en)108 +468 R .563(vironment for an)-.4 F(y)-.15 E F2 .563(simple command)3.403 +F F0 .562 (or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F -.203(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 446.4 R .502 -.15(ve i) +.202(parameter assignments, as described abo)108 480 R .502 -.15(ve i) -.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F -.202(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 458.4 Q -(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 475.2 R F1<ad6b> -3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu) -3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 -.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 487.2 Q +.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 492 Q(vironment seen by that command.) +-.4 E .81(If the)108 508.8 R F1<ad6b>3.31 E F0 .81 +(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F1(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)3.31 G .81 +(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0 .81 +(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 520.8 Q (vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.) --.4 E(When)108 504 Q F1(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke) -.2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v)-3.736 -F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.586 E F0 1.085 +-.4 E(When)108 537.6 Q F1(bash)3.585 E F0(in)3.585 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1 +(ke).2 G 3.585(sa).1 G 3.585(ne)-3.585 G 1.085(xternal command, the v) +-3.735 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(_)3.585 E F0 1.086 (is set to the full \214lename of the command and)3.586 F -(passed to that command in its en)108 516 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3(EXIT ST) -72 532.8 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 544.8 R .15 -(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15 -F .151(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2(waitpid)2.651 E F0 .151 -(system call or equi)2.651 F -.25(va)-.25 G .151(lent func-).25 F 2.848 -(tion. Exit)108 556.8 R .348(statuses f)2.848 F .347 -(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F -1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .347(alues abo)-.25 -F .647 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 568.8 Q 5.506(.E)-.65 G -.506(xit statuses from shell b)-5.506 F .507 +(passed to that command in its en)108 549.6 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F3 +(EXIT ST)72 566.4 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 578.4 R +.151(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151 +(cuted command is the v).15 F .15(alue returned by the)-.25 F F2 +(waitpid)2.65 E F0 .15(system call or equi)2.65 F -.25(va)-.25 G .15 +(lent func-).25 F 2.847(tion. Exit)108 590.4 R .347(statuses f)2.847 F +.347(all between 0 and 255, though, as e)-.1 F .347(xplained belo)-.15 F +1.647 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .347(he shell may use v).65 F .348(alues abo)-.25 +F .648 -.15(ve 1)-.15 H(25).15 E(specially)108 602.4 Q 5.507(.E)-.65 G +.507(xit statuses from shell b)-5.507 F .507 (uiltins and compound commands are also limited to this range.)-.2 F -(Under)5.507 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 -580.8 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 -(Fo)108 597.6 S 3.373(rt).15 G .873(he shell')-3.373 F 3.373(sp)-.55 G -.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.373 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F -.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872 -(xit status of)-.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 609.6 R 2.548(An) -5.048 G .049(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 -(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f) --2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 621.6 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) +(Under)5.506 E(certain circumstances, the shell will use special v)108 +614.4 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15 +(Fo)108 631.2 S 3.372(rt).15 G .872(he shell')-3.372 F 3.372(sp)-.55 G +.873(urposes, a command which e)-3.372 F .873(xits with a zero e)-.15 F +.873(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .873(An e)5.873 F .873 +(xit status of)-.15 F .049(zero indicates success.)108 643.2 R 2.549(An) +5.049 G .049(on-zero e)-2.549 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549 +(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .048(ommand terminates on a f) +-2.549 F .048(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 655.2 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E -(xit status.)-.15 E .405 -(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 638.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .404 -(If a command is)5.404 F(found b)108 650.4 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 667.2 +(xit status.)-.15 E .404 +(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 672 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .404(cute it returns a status of 127.).15 F .405 +(If a command is)5.405 F(found b)108 684 Q(ut is not e)-.2 E -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cutable, the return status is 126.).15 E(If a command f)108 700.8 Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E (xpansion or redirection, the e)-.15 E(xit status is greater than zero.) --.15 E .08(Shell b)108 684 R .08 +-.15 E .081(Shell b)108 717.6 R .081 (uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C -2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 -2.581(\)i)C 2.581(fa)-2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G .081(rror occurs while) --2.581 F(the)108 696 Q 2.968(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.118 G 2.968(cute. All) -.15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468 +2.581(fs)-2.581 G .08(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0 +2.58(\)i)C 2.58(fa)-2.58 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G .08(rror occurs while)-2.58 F +(the)108 729.6 Q 2.967(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.117 G 2.967(cute. All).15 F +-.2(bu)2.967 G .467(iltins return an e).2 F .468 (xit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.4 G .467(lid options or).25 F(missing ar)108 708 Q(guments.)-.18 E -F1(Bash)108 724.8 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202 -(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202 -(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(34)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(va)-.4 G .468(lid options or).25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29) +148.175 E(34)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 35 35 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(it e)108 84 Q -(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65 -(w.)-.25 G/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 100.8 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When) -108 112.8 Q F1(bash)3.183 E F0 .683(is interacti)3.183 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.183(,i).15 G 3.183(nt)-3.183 G .683(he absence of an)-3.183 F 3.183 -(yt)-.15 G .683(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM) -3.183 E F0 .682(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .682(kill 0)3.182 F F0 .682 -(does not kill an)3.182 F(interacti)108 124.8 Q .757 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.457(hell\), and).15 F F3(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458 -(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F1(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu) -2.958 G .458(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .458(In all cases,)5.458 F -F1(bash)108 136.8 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 E(UIT)-.09 E/F4 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E(fect,)-.25 E F1 -(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU) --.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0(Non-b)108 153.6 -Q 1.065(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.565 E F0(ha)3.565 E 1.365 --.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 F 1.064 -(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.247(parent. When)108 -165.6 R .747(job control is not in ef)3.247 F .747 -(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.248 E F0(and) -2.998 E F3(SIGQ)3.248 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .748(in addi-)2.998 F .653 -(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 177.6 R .653 -(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F --.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 189.6 Q F3 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(missing ar)108 84 +Q(guments.)-.18 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)108 100.8 Q F0 .202 +(itself returns the e)2.702 F .202(xit status of the last command e)-.15 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201 +(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 112.8 +Q(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F1 +(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G/F2 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGN)72 129.6 Q(ALS)-.219 E F0(When)108 141.6 Q F1 +(bash)3.182 E F0 .682(is interacti)3.182 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.182(,i).15 G +3.182(nt)-3.182 G .682(he absence of an)-3.182 F 3.183(yt)-.15 G .683 +(raps, it ignores)-3.183 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGTERM)3.183 E F0 .683 +(\(so that)2.933 F F1 .683(kill 0)3.183 F F0 .683(does not kill an)3.183 +F(interacti)108 153.6 Q .758 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .458(hell\), and).15 F F3 +(SIGINT)2.958 E F0 .458(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.708 F F1 +(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)2.958 G .457(iltin is interruptible\).).2 F .457 +(In all cases,)5.457 F F1(bash)108 165.6 Q F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGQ)2.5 +E(UIT)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If job control is in ef)4.5 E +(fect,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(ignores)2.5 E F3(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3 +(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 +(Non-b)108 182.4 Q 1.064(uiltin commands run by)-.2 F F1(bash)3.564 E F0 +(ha)3.564 E 1.365 -.15(ve s)-.2 H 1.065(ignal handlers set to the v).15 +F 1.065(alues inherited by the shell from its)-.25 F 3.248(parent. When) +108 194.4 R .748(job control is not in ef)3.248 F .747 +(fect, asynchronous commands ignore)-.25 F F3(SIGINT)3.247 E F0(and) +2.997 E F3(SIGQ)3.247 E(UIT)-.09 E F0 .747(in addi-)2.997 F .652 +(tion to these inherited handlers.)108 206.4 R .653 +(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.652 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 218.4 Q F3 (SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3 -(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 206.4 R 2.045 +(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.046(The shell e)108 235.2 R 2.046 (xits by def)-.15 F 2.045(ault upon receipt of a)-.1 F F3(SIGHUP)4.545 E -F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 --.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 218.4 Q F0 -1.005(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004 -(Stopped jobs are sent)6.005 F F3(SIGCONT)3.504 E F0 1.004 -(to ensure that the)3.254 F 3.504(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 230.4 Q F4(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p) -5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal\ - to a particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 -G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357(jobs table with the)108 242.4 R F1(diso) -3.857 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 -(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E -1.356(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 -(SIGHUP)108 254.4 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A -.166(If the)108 271.2 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 +F4(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.345 +-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.045(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 247.2 Q F0 +1.004(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.254 F 1.004 +(Stopped jobs are sent)6.004 F F3(SIGCONT)3.505 E F0 1.005 +(to ensure that the)3.255 F 3.505(yr)-.15 G(ecei)-3.505 E 1.305 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F3(SIGHUP)108 259.2 Q F4(.)A F0 2.53 -.8(To p)5.43 +H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the shell from sending the signal to a \ +particular job, it should be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.429(df).15 G +.929(rom the)-3.429 F 1.356(jobs table with the)108 271.2 R F1(diso) +3.856 E(wn)-.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.856 G 1.356(iltin \(see).2 F F3 1.356 +(SHELL B)3.856 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.607 E +1.357(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.357(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F3 +(SIGHUP)108 283.2 Q F0(using)2.25 E F1(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A +.166(If the)108 300 R F1(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166 (shell option has been set with)2.666 F F1(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F1(bash) 2.666 E F0 .166(sends a)2.666 F F3(SIGHUP)2.666 E F0 .166 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108 -283.2 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 300 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F +312 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 328.8 Q F1(bash)3.046 E F0 .546(is w)3.046 F .546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap) --3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662 +-3.046 F .663(will not be e)108 340.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .663 (cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E -F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 -(via the)108 324 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the recep\ -tion of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 +F0 .662(is w)3.163 F .662(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .99 +(via the)108 352.8 R F1(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\ +eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F1 (wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F -(return immediately with an e)108 336 Q +(return immediately with an e)108 364.8 Q (xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15 -E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(JOB CONTR)72 352.8 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 -/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 364.8 S 4.567(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.567 E(ol) --.45 E F0 2.067(refers to the ability to selecti)5.077 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.068(he e)-4.567 F --.15(xe)-.15 G 2.068(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 376.8 -Q F5 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.202(\)t)C .702(heir e)-3.202 F -.15(xe) +E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(JOB CONTR)72 381.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10 +/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 393.6 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol) +-.45 E F0 2.068(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F +-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 405.6 +Q F5 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe) -.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702 (ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702 -(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.001 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) --.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 388.8 Q(ernel')-.1 +(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace) +-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 417.6 Q(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E -F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 405.6 R F5(job) -5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F .785 -(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785 -(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 417.6 R F1 -(jobs)2.841 E F0 2.841(command. When)2.841 F F1(bash)2.841 E F0 .341 -(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.841 F F5(bac)2.84 E(kgr)-.2 E -(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 429.6 -Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 446.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ +F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 434.4 R F5(job) +5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784 +(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784 +(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 446.4 R F1 +(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F1(bash)2.84 E F0 .341 +(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F5(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E +(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 458.4 +Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 475.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\ umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\ -ociated)108 463.2 R .733(with this job is 25647.)108 475.2 R .732 +ociated)108 492 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 504 R .733 (All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job) -5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 487.2 Q F5(job) -4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8 -(To f)108 504 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 -F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F -.871(notion of a)108 516 R F5(curr)3.371 E .871(ent terminal pr)-.37 F -.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .87 +5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 516 Q F5(job) +4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8 +(To f)108 532.8 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf) +.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F +.87(notion of a)108 544.8 R F5(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F +.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871 (embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023 (group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108 -528 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 -(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 540 Q F4 -(.)A F0 1.347(These processes are said to be in the)5.847 F F5(for)3.846 -E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 -E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145 -(group ID dif)108 552 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 -(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146 -(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16 -(ground processes are allo)108 564 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66 -(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10 -/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) --2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 576 R .551 -(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551 -(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F -.718(terminal are sent a)108 588 R F3 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F(OU\)) --.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55 G -.717(erminal dri)-3.217 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.517 -.4(r, w).15 H .717 -(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 600 Q 1.087 -(If the operating system on which)108 616.8 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088 -(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 -(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 628.8 S -.302(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.142 E F0 .302(character \(typically) -3.572 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 +556.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023 +(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 568.8 Q +F4(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F5(for) +3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.927 E +(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617 +F .146(group ID dif)108 580.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146 +(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145 +(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16 +(ground processes are allo)108 592.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F +2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 +10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter) +-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 604.8 R .551 +(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551 +(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F +.717(terminal are sent a)108 616.8 R F3 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F +(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55 +G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718 +(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 628.8 Q 1.088 +(If the operating system on which)108 645.6 R F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088 +(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087 +(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 657.6 S +.301(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically) +3.571 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301 (ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801 -F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 640.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 +F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 669.6 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0 7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0 -2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C -(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ +2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F1(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C +(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\ mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108 -652.8 R(to)108 664.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 +681.6 R(to)108 693.6 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892 (he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F -F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895 -(background, the)108 676.8 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895 -(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F -F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z) -3.394 E F0(tak)3.394 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 688.8 Q .948(fect immediately) --.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948 +F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894 +(background, the)108 705.6 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895 +(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F +F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F1(^Z) +3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 717.6 Q .949(fect immediately) +-.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948 (fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.) -108 700.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 717.6 R .777 -(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1 -(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 729.6 -Q F5(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F5(n)3.817 E F0 .957 -(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957 -(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(35)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(35)197.335 E 0 +Cg EP %%Page: 36 36 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .59(name used to \ -start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.)108 84 -R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -(%ce)3.09 E F0 .59(refers to a)3.09 F(stopped)108 96 Q F1(ce)3.463 E F0 -(job)3.463 E 5.963(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.963 G .963 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .777 +(There are a number of w)108 84 R .777 +(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F/F1 +10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation) +3.277 F(\()108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). 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+297.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 314.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1 +(bash)2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532 +(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032 +(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 326.4 R F1 +(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019 +(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02 +(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02 +(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108 +338.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458 +(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a) +5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 350.4 R .604 (xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604 (ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E -(and an)108 338.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 355.2 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 -367.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F 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499.2 Q F1(\\h)144 511.2 Q F0 +(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 511.2 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 523.2 +Q F0(the hostname)180 523.2 Q F1(\\j)144 535.2 Q F0 +(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 535.2 Q F1(\\l) +144 547.2 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 547.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G +(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 559.2 Q F0(ne)180 559.2 Q +(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 571.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 571.2 Q F1(\\s) +144 583.2 Q F0(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 583.2 Q F1($0) 2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1 -(\\t)144 571.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 -571.2 Q F1(\\T)144 583.2 Q F0 -(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 583.2 Q F1(\\@)144 -595.2 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 595.2 Q F1(\\A) -144 607.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 607.2 Q F1 -(\\u)144 619.2 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 619.2 Q F1(\\v) -144 631.2 Q F0(the 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Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E -F1(\\W)144 679.2 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 679.2 Q +(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 679.2 Q F0 .116 +(the current w)180 679.2 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G +(ith)-2.616 E F3($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115 +(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR) +180 691.2 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E +F1(\\W)144 703.2 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 703.2 Q (orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0 -(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 691.2 Q F0 -(the history number of this command)180 691.2 Q F1(\\#)144 703.2 Q F0 -(the command number of this command)180 703.2 Q F1(\\$)144 715.2 Q F0 -(if the ef)180 715.2 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E -F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(36)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 715.2 Q F0 +(the history number of this command)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(36)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 37 37 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(\\)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 -(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 84 Q F2(nnn)2.5 E -F1(\\\\)144 96 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 96 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 108 Q F0 -(be)180 108 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which co\ -uld be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt) -180 120 Q F1(\\])144 132 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters) -180 132 Q .119 -(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 148.8 R -.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\ -n in the history list, which may include commands 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156 Q .12 +(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 172.8 R +.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\ +on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\ +story \214le \(see)108 184.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.085 E(OR) +-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 196.8 Q .541(w\), while the command numbe\ +r is the position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +.54(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 +208.8 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546 (xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F -.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 196.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F +.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 220.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852 -F(description of the)108 208.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E +(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852 +F(description of the)108 232.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).) --.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 225.6 Q F0 .151 +-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 249.6 Q F0 .15 (This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti) -108 237.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1 -(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 249.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2 -(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 -(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F1<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209 -(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G -3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 261.6 Q .851 +108 261.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1 +(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 273.6 R +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F +-.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208 +(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F1<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208 +(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G +3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 285.6 Q .851 (ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F -3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851 -(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 273.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 +3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852 +(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 297.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85 (editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the) -3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0 .85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E -(\(see)108 285.6 Q F3 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS) --.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) +(\(see)108 309.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS) +-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of) -3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763 -(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E -(emacs)108 297.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 -(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 314.4 Q +(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E +(emacs)108 321.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1 +(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 338.4 Q F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k) -108 326.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) +108 350.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke) 2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A -1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 338.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,) --.65 E F2(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) --.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152 -(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 350.4 S .83 -(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65 -(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F2(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F2(x)3.33 E F0 3.33 -(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831 -(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H -.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 362.4 R F2 .6(meta pr)3.1 F -(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F2(x)A F0 -.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp) --3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599 -(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 374.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H +1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 362.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,) +-.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255) +-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153 +(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 374.4 S .831 +(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65 +(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0 +3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83 +(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83 +(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 386.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F +(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2 +(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099 +(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6 +(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 398.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H (hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)) -.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 391.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 +.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119 (nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G -.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho) -108 403.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G -3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 +.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E +(ho)108 427.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti) +.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619 (gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne) .15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619 -(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 415.2 R 1.018 +(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 439.2 R 1.018 (ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C -1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019 -(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 427.2 Q +1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018 +(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 451.2 Q (vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo) --.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 444 R F2 +-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 468 R F2 (killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811 -(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811 -(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F2 -(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 456 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F +(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812 +(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F2 +(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 480 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2 .029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H .029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,) --.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 468 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 +-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 492 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567 (Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567 (xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.) -108 480 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 496.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ -tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 508.8 -R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092 -(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 520.8 R .196(en from the v) +108 504 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 520.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\ +tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 532.8 +R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091 +(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 544.8 R .196(en from the v) -.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F3(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G 2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196 (ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696 -E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ +E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\ es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\ -nd the k)108 532.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25 -(va)108 544.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe) -6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149 -(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736 -(lines are ignored.)108 556.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 +nd the k)108 556.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25 +(va)108 568.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe) +6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15 +(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737 +(lines are ignored.)108 580.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737 (ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737 -(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737 -(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 568.8 R +(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736 +(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 592.8 R (lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E -(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 585.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F +(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 609.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr) 3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987 -(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 597.6 Q -(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 614.4 S 2.5(re).15 G -(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 631.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 -G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 643.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 -655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 667.2 +(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 621.6 Q +(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 638.4 S 2.5(re).15 G +(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 +G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 667.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 +679.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 691.2 Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G (\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2 -(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo) -108 684 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 +(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo) +108 708 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2 -.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC) -3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.761 E F0(,).73 -E F2(RET)3.761 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 696 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.5 E +3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 +E F2(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 720 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2 --.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209 -(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 712.8 R .209(ws k)-.25 -F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 -(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) --.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 724.8 Q F2(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(37)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +-.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 +E(37)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 38 38 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Readline K)87 84 Q(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366 -(The syntax for controlling k)108 96 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366 -(indings in the).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366 -(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .264(command or the te) -108 108 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264 -(equence to which it should be bound.).15 F .263(The name may be speci-) -5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 120 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853 -(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853 -(ame, possibly with).15 F F2(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr) -3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15 -(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 132 Q .161(When using the form)108 148.8 R F1 --.1(ke)2.661 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.661 -E F2(macr)2.661 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)2.661 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .16 -(is the name of a k)2.84 F .46 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .16(pelled out in Eng-) -.15 F 2.5(lish. F)108 160.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni) -144 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E -(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 196.8 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E -(Control-o: "> output")144 208.8 Q .698(In the abo)108 225.6 R .998 -.15 -(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G -(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698 -(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 237.6 Q F1 -(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2 -(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .209 +(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 84 R .209(ws k)-.25 F +-.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209 +(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i) +-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(macr)2.5 E(o) +-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 112.8 Q(ey Bindings) +-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 124.8 R .666 -.15(ey b) +-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366 +(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the) +5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 136.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k) +-.15 F .564 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .264(equence to which it should be bound.) +.15 F .264(The name may be speci-)5.264 F .853(\214ed in one of tw)108 +148.8 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15 +(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or) +3.353 E F1(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0(pre\214x)3.353 E .853 +(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 160.8 Q .16 +(When using the form)108 177.6 R F2 -.1(ke)2.66 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1 +(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.66 E F1(macr)2.66 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 +-.1(ke)2.66 G(yname)-.2 E F0 .161(is the name of a k)2.84 F .461 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .161(pelled out in Eng-).15 F 2.5(lish. 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Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 +E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E +(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F2(Bash)108 691.2 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43 +(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429 +(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.929 E F0 +-.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045 +(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 703.2 R .345 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F2<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046 +(option to the)2.546 F F2(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046 +(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 715.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E +(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(38)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 39 39 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(set)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 -.79(Except where noted, readline v)108 100.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 -F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E -F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79 -(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)108 112.8 R .448 +SF(Readline V)87 84 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 96 R +.043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F +(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043 +(riable may be set in the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E +(tr)108 108 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1 +(set)144 124.8 Q F2(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79 +(Except where noted, readline v)108 141.6 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F +3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1 +(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).) +.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 153.6 R .448 (ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v) --.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449 -(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468 +-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448 +(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 165.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467 (\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On) 2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 -F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467 -(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 -136.8 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 153.6 Q F0 .01 -(Controls what happens when readline w)144 165.6 R .011 -(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none) -2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E -.94(rings the bell.)144 177.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E -F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25 -(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0 -(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 189.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G -(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 201.6 Q F0 -.055(If set to)144 213.6 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\ -empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F -(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 225.6 Q -.15 +F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468 +(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 +177.6 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 194.4 Q F0 .011 +(Controls what happens when readline w)144 206.4 R .011 +(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51 +E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94 +(rings the bell.)144 218.4 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0 +3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va) +-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A +(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 230.4 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.) +-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 242.4 Q F0 .056 +(If set to)144 254.4 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\ +s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F +(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 266.4 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va) --.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 237.6 Q(en \(Off\)) --.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 249.6 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 +-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 278.4 Q(en \(Off\)) +-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 290.4 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21 (eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21 (he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F -(parenthesis is inserted.)144 261.6 Q F1(color)108 273.6 Q +(parenthesis is inserted.)144 302.4 Q F1(color)108 314.4 Q (ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to) -144 285.6 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ +144 326.4 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\ eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F -2.936(completions using a dif)144 297.6 R 2.936(ferent color)-.25 F -7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.935 -(en from the v)-.1 F 2.935(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 309.6 Q -F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 321.6 Q -(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.579(If set to)144 333.6 R F1(On)4.079 E -F0 4.079(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif) --4.079 F 1.58(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5 -(type. The)144 345.6 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v) --.1 E(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 -E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 357.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\)) --.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 369.6 R -F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 381.6 Q F1 +2.935(completions using a dif)144 338.4 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F +7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936 +(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 350.4 Q +F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 362.4 Q +(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 374.4 R F1(On)4.08 E +F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 +F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144 +386.4 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E +(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E +(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 398.4 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 +E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 410.4 R F1 +(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 422.4 Q F1 (M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 (in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108 -393.6 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ -matches when performing completion.)144 405.6 R .194(The v)144 417.6 R +434.4 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \ +matches when performing completion.)144 446.4 R .193(The v)144 458.4 R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \ -screen width.)-.25 F 2.693(Av)5.193 G .193(alue of 0 will)-2.943 F -(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 429.6 Q(The def)5 E -(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 441.6 Q -(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 453.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 +screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F +(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 470.4 Q(The def)5 E +(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 482.4 Q +(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 494.4 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5 (,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\ insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1 -(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 465.6 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 -477.6 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) +(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 506.4 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 +518.4 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor) 2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F -.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094(nd underscores)-2.593 -F(\()144 489.6 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) +.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 +F(\()144 530.4 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va) -.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 -H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 501.6 Q +H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 542.4 Q (e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\ ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\ -splayed)144 513.6 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 525.6 R 1.274 -(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) --.25 F 1.275(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 537.6 S(lue are rep\ +splayed)144 554.4 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 566.4 R 1.275 +(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x) +-.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 578.4 S(lue are rep\ laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1 -(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 549.6 Q F0 .53 -(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 561.6 R .529 -(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the) -144 573.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F -.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v) --.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 585.6 R -.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \ -the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 597.6 S .237 +(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 590.4 Q F0 .529 +(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 602.4 R .53 +(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the) +144 614.4 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It) +3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56 +(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 +626.4 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\ +qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 638.4 S .237 (riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie) -.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G -.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 609.6 Q F1(con)108 -621.6 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 633.6 -R F1(On)3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 --.15(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541 +.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 650.4 Q F1(con)108 +662.4 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 674.4 +R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 +G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541 (stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef) -144 645.6 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 -F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 657.6 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 +144 686.4 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 +F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 698.4 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2 (On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f) --.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1 -(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 669.6 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 681.6 R -F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 -(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 -(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) -144 693.6 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 705.6 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 -1.21(When set to)144 717.6 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G -1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211 -(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F -(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 729.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1 -G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(39)197.335 E -0 Cg EP +-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(39)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 40 40 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 84 Q F0 .142 -(Controls whether readline be)144 96 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F +SF(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 96 R F1 +(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038 +(ord completion.)-.1 F .038 +(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the) +144 108 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0 +(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 120 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211 +(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G +1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21 +(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F +(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 144 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 156 Q F0 .141 +(Controls whether readline be)144 168 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F .441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 -SF(Emacs)2.641 E F0(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) -5.141 E F0(can be set to either)144 108 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 -(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(enable\255brack)108 120 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 -E F0 1.221(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 +SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode) +5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 180 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1 +(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(enable\255brack)108 192 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 +E F0 1.222(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221 (eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221 (ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353 -(paste into the editing b)144 144 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ -g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543 -(it had been read from the k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) -.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544 +(paste into the editing b)144 216 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\ +g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544 +(it had been read from the k)144 228 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This) +.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543 (nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.) -144 168 Q F1(enable\255k)108 180 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893 -(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 +144 240 Q F1(enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892 +(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893 (eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G -.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F -(tems need this to enable the arro)144 204 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 -G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 216 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 -(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 +.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F +(tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6 +G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 288 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64 +(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64 (eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64 (eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64 -(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 240 Q +(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q (On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1 -(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 252 Q F0(If set to)144 264 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 +(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w) --.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 276 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 -(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 288 R F1(On) -3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ -the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 300 Q -.15 +-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1 +(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 360 R F1(On) +3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \ +the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 372 Q -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G (ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -(history\255size \(unset\))108 312 Q F0 .948 -(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 324 R -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949 -(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483 -(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 336 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483 -(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v) -2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277 -(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 348 R .277(By def)5.277 F -.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278 -(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 360 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411 -F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F F2 -(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41 F(alue,)-.25 E -(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 372 Q F1 -(horizontal\255scr)108 384 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448 -(When set to)144 396 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448 -(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449 +(history\255size \(unset\))108 384 Q F0 .949 +(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948 +(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482 +(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 408 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483 +(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v) +2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278 +(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 420 R .277(By def)5.278 F +.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277 +(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 432 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F +3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F F2 +(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E +(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 444 Q F1 +(horizontal\255scr)108 456 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449 +(When set to)144 468 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448 +(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448 (crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\ when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\ - ne)144 408 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 420 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 432 -Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\ + ne)144 480 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 492 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 504 +Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 516 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\ e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\ -it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 456 R -.05(ga) +it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 528 R -.05(ga) -.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F -.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as) -144 468 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) +.336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as) +144 540 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The) -.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864 -(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365 -(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 480 Q F1 -(isear)108 492 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) +(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364 +(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 552 Q F1 +(isear)108 564 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\)) -.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\ -ental search without subsequently e)144 504 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E -.934(ing the character as a command.)144 516 R .935(If this v)5.935 F -.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935 -(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 528 Q F2 +ental search without subsequently e)144 576 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E +.935(ing the character as a command.)144 588 R .935(If this v)5.935 F +.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934 +(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 600 Q F2 (C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke) -108 540 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144 -552 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 -(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068 -(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 564 R F0 2.568(,a)C +108 612 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 624 +R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021 +(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069 +(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 636 R F0 2.568(,a)C (nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068 (is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command) -2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 576 R -.25(va)-.25 -G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C +2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 648 R -.25(va)-.25 +G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C 1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs) 4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 588 Q(fects the def)-.25 +(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 660 Q(fects the def)-.25 E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 600 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ +(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 672 Q F0 .051(This string is display\ ed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt when emacs ed\ -iting)144 612 R .293(mode is acti)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.293(.T).15 -G .293(he v)-5.293 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 +iting)144 684 R .292(mode is acti)144 696 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.292(.T).15 +G .292(he v)-5.292 F .293(alue is e)-.25 F .293(xpanded lik)-.15 F 2.793 (eak)-.1 G .593 -.15(ey b)-2.893 H .293 -(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 636 -Q .601(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 -(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .602 +(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control).15 F(pre\214x)144 708 +Q .602(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101 +(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .601 (gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\ -n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 648 R -(the mode string.)144 660 Q F1 -.1(ke)108 672 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) -.1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 684 R F2 -.37(re)2.867 G -(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 -(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s) --.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 696 R -1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) --.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea) --.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 708 R .62 --.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) -2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 720 R .907 -(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 -(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906 -(alue of)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(40)197.335 E -0 Cg EP +n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 720 R +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(40)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 41 41 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .05 -(1000 means that)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(the mode string.) +144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ke)108 96 S(yseq\255timeout \(500\)) +.1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF +-.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367 +(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s) +-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 120 R +1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar) +-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea) +-.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 132 R .62 +-.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re) +2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 144 R .907 +(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25 +(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907 +(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 156 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline) .37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1 F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051 -(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 96 R(alue,)-.25 E -F1 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 -(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed) --2.551 E(to decide which k)144 108 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H -(equence to complete.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)108 120 Q -(ectories \(On\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 132 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C +(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 168 R(alue,)-.25 +E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051 +(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed) +-2.552 E(to decide which k)144 180 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H +(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 192 Q(ectories \(On\)) +-.18 E F0(If set to)144 204 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C (ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.) -.15 E F2(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 144 Q F0(If set to)144 -156 Q F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) --.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F2 -(*)A F0(\).)A F2(mark\255symlink)108 168 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E -(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 180 R F2(On)2.675 E F0 +.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 216 Q F0(If set to)144 +228 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b) +-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1 +(*)A F0(\).)A F1(mark\255symlink)108 240 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E +(ectories \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .175(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)2.675 E F0 2.675(,c)C .175 (ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475 --.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 192 -Q(alue of)-.25 E F2(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F2 -(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 204 Q F0 .193(This v)144 216 R -.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F2(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192 -(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192 -(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456 -(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 228 R .456 -(If set to)5.456 F F2(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) --2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F -(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 240 Q F2 -(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 252 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 -1.586(If set to)144 264 R F2(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ +-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 264 +Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1 +(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 276 Q F0 .192(This v)144 288 R +.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192 +(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193 +(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457 +(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 300 R .456 +(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.) +-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F +(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 312 Q F1 +(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 324 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 +1.585(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\ ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions) --4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 276 Q -(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F2(output\255meta \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 -.506(If set to)144 300 R F2(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \ +-4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 348 Q +(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 360 Q F0 +.507(If set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \ display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\ -ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 312 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 -(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F1(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C -.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F1(On)3.384 E F0 .884 -(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 324 Q F2 -(page\255completions \(On\))108 336 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 348 R F2(On) -3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F1(mor) +ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 384 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884 +(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C +.884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)3.384 E F0 .885 +(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144 396 Q F1 +(page\255completions \(On\))108 408 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 420 R F1(On) +3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2(mor) 3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808 (ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F -(tions at a time.)144 360 Q F2 -(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 372 Q F0 1.319 -(If set to)144 384 R F2(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\ -play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819 -F(order)144 396 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 -E F2 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 408 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E -F0 .698(If set to)144 420 R F2(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699 +(tions at a time.)144 432 Q F1 +(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 444 Q F0 1.318 +(If set to)144 456 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\ +play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818 +F(order)144 468 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25 +E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 480 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E +F0 .699(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699 (eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when) --3.198 F F2(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 432 S +-3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 504 S 2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186 (ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186 -(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F2 -.18(re)144 444 S(adline) -.18 E F0(.)A F2(sho)108 456 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E -F0 .303(This alters the def)144 468 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304 -(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F2(On) -2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H +(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 516 S(adline) +.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E +F0 .304(This alters the def)144 540 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304 +(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On) +2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H (ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\ -isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 480 R(bell.)144 492 Q F2 -(sho)108 504 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345 -(This alters the def)144 516 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 -(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to) --.1 F F2(sho)144 528 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C -4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F2(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 +isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 552 R(bell.)144 564 Q F1 +(sho)108 576 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346 +(This alters the def)144 588 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345 +(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to) +-.1 F F1(sho)144 600 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C +4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691 (ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691 -(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 540 R 3.539 +(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 612 R 3.54 (yp)-.15 G 1.039 -(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F -3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\ -s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 552 Q F2 -(sho)108 564 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.019 -(If set to)144 576 R F2(On)3.519 E F0 3.519(,a)C 1.018 -(dd a character to the be)-3.519 F 1.018 +(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F +3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\ +es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 624 Q F1 +(sho)108 636 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.018 +(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)3.518 E F0 3.518(,a)C 1.018 +(dd a character to the be)-3.518 F 1.018 (ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs)-.15 F -(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 588 Q F2 -(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 600 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 612 R -F2(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095 -(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095 -(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 624 Q -2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 -(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1 -F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \ -the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 636 R -1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 648 Q -(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F2 -(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 660 Q F0 1.198(This string\ - is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ -en vi editing)144 672 R .521(mode is acti)144 684 R .821 -.15(ve a)-.25 -H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 -F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .822 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .522 -(inding, so the standard).15 F .87(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 -696 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G -3.369(ilable. Use).25 F .869(the \\1 and \\2)3.369 F .386(escapes to be) -144 708 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ -can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E -(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 -768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(41)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(\(@\), vi command \(:\) or vi insertion \(+\).)144 660 Q F1 +(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 672 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 684 R +F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095 +(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094 +(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 696 Q +2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046 +(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1 +F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \ +the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 708 R +1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 720 Q +(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(41)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 42 42 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 84 Q F0 1.198(This strin\ +SF(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 84 Q F0 1.198(This strin\ g is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt w\ -hen vi editing)144 96 R .782(mode is acti)144 108 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 +hen vi editing)144 96 R .522(mode is acti)144 108 R .822 -.15(ve a)-.25 +H .522(nd in command mode.).15 F .522(The v)5.522 F .522(alue is e)-.25 +F .522(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.022(eak)-.1 G .821 -.15(ey b)-3.122 H .521 +(inding, so the standard).15 F .869(set of meta- and control pre\214x) +144 120 R .869(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 +G 3.37(ilable. Use).25 F .87(the \\1 and \\2)3.37 F .387(escapes to be) +144 132 R .386(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which \ +can be used to embed a ter)-.15 F(-)-.2 E +(minal control sequence into the mode string.)144 144 Q F1 +(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 156 Q F0 1.198(This string\ + is displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt wh\ +en vi editing)144 168 R .783(mode is acti)144 180 R 1.083 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .783(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .783(The v)5.783 F .783(alue is e) -.25 F .783(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.283(eak)-.1 G 1.083 -.15(ey b)-3.383 H -.783(inding, so the standard).15 F .87 -(set of meta- and control pre\214x)144 120 R .869 -(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.369 -(ilable. 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This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F +.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F +.396(ci\214c program.)180 516 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396 (nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 456 Q -(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 480 Q F0 -(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 492 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 -E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 504 Q F1($endif)180 516 Q -($endif)108 532.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 532.8 Q +(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 528 Q +(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 552 Q F0 +(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 564 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)-.25 +E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 576 Q F1($endif)180 588 Q +($endif)108 604.8 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)144 604.8 Q (vious e)-.25 E(xample, terminates an)-.15 E F1($if)2.5 E F0(command.) -2.5 E F1($else)108 549.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 549.6 Q +2.5 E F1($else)108 621.6 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)144 621.6 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 566.4 Q F0 -.356(This directi)144 578.4 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356 -(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357 +-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 638.4 Q F0 +.357(This directi)144 650.4 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357 +(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356 (gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F) -144 590.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 +144 662.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1 -($include)144 614.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 631.2 Q -(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 643.2 R .835 +($include)144 686.4 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F1(Sear)87 703.2 Q +(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 715.2 R .834 (vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E -.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 655.2 Q +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E +.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 727.2 Q (There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E (emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51 -E .697(Incremental searches be)108 672 R .697 -(gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F -.698(As each character of the)5.698 F .113 -(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 684 R .112 -(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 -E 5.112(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.112 E .542 -(incremental search requires only as man)108 696 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 -(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.542 -(.T)-.65 G .542(he char)-5.542 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) -108 708 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F F1(isear)2.724 E(ch-terminators)-.18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 -(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F 2.315 -(If that v)108 720 R 2.315(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F -2.315(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an)-.25 F -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 43 43 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.34 -(incremental search.)108 84 R 1.34(Control-G will abort an incremental \ -search and restore the original line.)6.34 F 1.34(When the)6.34 F(searc\ -h is terminated, the history entry containing the search string becomes\ - the current line.)108 96 Q 2.938 -.8(To \214)108 112.8 T 1.339(nd othe\ -r matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R as \ -appropriate.).8 F 1.339(This will)6.339 F .675(search backw)108 124.8 R -.675(ard or forw)-.1 F .675(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F .674 -(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E 5.674 -(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.674 G .174(other k)108 136.8 R .474 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .174 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .698 +(Incremental searches be)108 84 R .698 +(gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F +.697(As each character of the)5.697 F .112 +(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 96 R .112 +(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 +E 5.113(.A)-.55 G(n)-5.113 E .542 +(incremental search requires only as man)108 108 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542 +(haracters as needed to \214nd the desired history entry)-3.042 F 5.541 +(.T)-.65 G .541(he char)-5.541 F(-)-.2 E .224(acters present in the v) +108 120 R .224(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(isear)2.724 E +(ch-terminators)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.724 G .224 +(riable are used to terminate an incremental search.).25 F .66 +(If that v)108 132 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66 +(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25 +F .096(mental search.)108 144 R .096(Control-G will abort an incrementa\ +l search and restore the original line.)5.096 F .097(When the search is) +5.097 F(terminated, the history entry containing the search string beco\ +mes the current line.)108 156 Q 2.939 -.8(To \214)108 172.8 T 1.339(nd \ +other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or Control-R\ + as appropriate.).8 F 1.338(This will)6.338 F .674(search backw)108 +184.8 R .674(ard or forw)-.1 F .674(ard in the history for the ne)-.1 F +.675(xt entry matching the search string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1 E +5.675(.A)-.55 G -.15(ny)-5.675 G .175(other k)108 196.8 R .475 -.15 +(ey s)-.1 H .174 (equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E -.541(instance, a)108 148.8 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.041 E(wline) --.15 E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e) -3.041 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F -(history list.)108 160.8 Q .653 -(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 177.6 R .653 -(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 -F 3.153(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.153 E(en-)-.15 E -(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 189.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E +.54(instance, a)108 208.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 +E F0 .541(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.) +108 220.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.) +108 237.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653 +(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)-3.153 F 3.152(yi)-.15 G(nterv)-3.152 E +(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 249.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G (earch string, an)-2.5 E 2.5(yr)-.15 G(emembered search string is used.) -2.5 E .567(Non-incremental searches read the entire search string befo\ -re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 206.4 R(The searc\ +re starting to search for matching history lines.)108 266.4 R(The searc\ h string may be typed by the user or be part of the contents of the cur\ -rent line.)108 218.4 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline Command Names)87 -235.2 Q F0 1.391(The follo)108 247.2 R 1.391 +rent line.)108 278.4 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 295.2 Q F0 1.392 +(The follo)108 307.2 R 1.391 (wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391 (ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F -3.892(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.892 E 2.622(bound. Command)108 259.2 R .122 -(names without an accompan)2.622 F .122(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 -H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121 -(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 271.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E -F0 .91(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.41 F F1(mark)3.411 E -F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db) -.15 G 3.411(yt)-3.411 G(he)-3.411 E F2(set\255mark)108 283.2 Q F0 2.5 +3.891(ya)-.15 G(re)-3.891 E 2.621(bound. Command)108 319.2 R .121 +(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1 +H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122 +(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 331.2 Q F2(point)3.411 +E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark) +3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41 +(db).15 G 3.41(yt)-3.41 G(he)-3.41 E F1(set\255mark)108 343.2 Q F0 2.5 (command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E -(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F1 -.37(re) -2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F2(Commands f)87 300 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E -(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 312 Q F0(Mo)144 324 Q .3 -.15 -(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F2 -(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 336 Q F0(Mo)144 348 Q .3 -.15(ve t) --.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F2 -.25(fo)108 360 S -(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 372 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) -.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 -384 Q F0(Mo)144 396 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E -F2 -.25(fo)108 408 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 420 -Q .823 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .523(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .522 +(xt between the point and mark is referred to as the)-.15 E F2 -.37(re) +2.5 G(gion)-.03 E F0(.)A F1(Commands f)87 360 Q(or Mo)-.25 E(ving)-.1 E +(beginning\255of\255line \(C\255a\))108 372 Q F0(Mo)144 384 Q .3 -.15 +(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1 +(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 396 Q F0(Mo)144 408 Q .3 -.15(ve t) +-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 420 S +(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 432 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108 +444 Q F0(Mo)144 456 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E +F1 -.25(fo)108 468 S(rward\255w).25 E(ord \(M\255f\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 480 +Q .822 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw).15 E .522(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.523(xt w)-.15 F 3.023(ord. W)-.1 F .523 (ords are composed of alphanumeric characters \(let-)-.8 F -(ters and digits\).)144 432 Q F2(backward\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) --.1 E F0(Mo)144 456 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 +(ters and digits\).)144 492 Q F1(backward\255w)108 504 Q(ord \(M\255b\)) +-.1 E F0(Mo)144 516 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41 (ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91 (ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F -(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 468 Q F2(shell\255f)108 480 Q -(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 492 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) +(characters \(letters and digits\).)144 528 Q F1(shell\255f)108 540 Q +(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 552 Q .784 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw) .15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984(ord. W) -.1 F .484(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharac-)-.8 F -(ters.)144 504 Q F2(shell\255backward\255w)108 516 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 -528 Q .908 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) -.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .609 -(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 540 Q -F2(clear\255scr)108 552 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 -(Clear the screen lea)144 564 R .993 +(ters.)144 564 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 576 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144 +588 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre) +.15 F .609(vious w)-.25 F 3.109(ord. W)-.1 F .608 +(ords are delimited by non-quoted shell)-.8 F(metacharacters.)144 600 Q +F1(clear\255scr)108 612 Q(een \(C\255l\))-.18 E F0 .993 +(Clear the screen lea)144 624 R .993 (ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G .993(th an ar).4 F .993(gument, refresh the)-.18 F -(current line without clearing the screen.)144 576 Q F2 -.18(re)108 588 +(current line without clearing the screen.)144 636 Q F1 -.18(re)108 648 S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144 -600 Q F2(Commands f)87 616.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E -(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 628.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .158 -(Accept the line re)144 640.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .158 +660 Q F1(Commands f)87 676.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E +(accept\255line \(Newline, Retur)108 688.8 Q(n\))-.15 E F0 .159 +(Accept the line re)144 700.8 R -.05(ga)-.15 G .159 (rdless of where the cursor is.).05 F .158(If this line is non-empty) -5.158 F 2.659(,a)-.65 G .159(dd it to the history list)-2.659 F .699 -(according to the state of the)144 652.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +5.158 F 2.658(,a)-.65 G .158(dd it to the history list)-2.658 F .699 +(according to the state of the)144 712.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF (HISTCONTR)3.199 E(OL)-.27 E F0 -.25(va)2.949 G 3.199(riable. If).25 F .699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F -(restore the history line to its original state.)144 664.8 Q F2(pr)108 -676.8 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 -(Fetch the pre)144 688.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 -E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F2(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 700.8 -Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 712.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 -E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 May 29)148.175 E(43)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(restore the history line to its original state.)144 724.8 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(43)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 44 44 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 84 Q F0(Mo)144 96 Q .3 -.15 +SF(pr)108 84 Q -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious\255history \(C\255p\)).15 E F0 +(Fetch the pre)144 96 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25 E +(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 108 Q +F0(Fetch the ne)144 120 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15 E +(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1 +(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 132 Q F0(Mo)144 144 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he \214rst line in the history)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E -F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 108 Q F0(Mo)144 120 Q .3 -.15 +F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 156 Q F0(Mo)144 168 Q .3 -.15 (ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 -132 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.47 -(Search backw)144 144 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) --.1 F 1.471(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E -(This is an incremental search.)144 156 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 168 S -(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.132 -(Search forw)144 180 R 1.132(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 -F 1.131(ving `do)-.15 F 1.131(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 -F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 192 Q F1(non\255incr)108 -204 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E -(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .164(Search backw)144 216 R .164(ar\ +180 T(erse\255sear).08 E(ch\255history \(C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.471 +(Search backw)144 192 R 1.471(ard starting at the current line and mo) +-.1 F 1.47(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E +(This is an incremental search.)144 204 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 216 S +(rward\255sear).25 E(ch\255history \(C\255s\))-.18 E F0 1.131 +(Search forw)144 228 R 1.131(ard starting at the current line and mo)-.1 +F 1.132(ving `do)-.15 F 1.132(wn' through the history as necessary)-.25 +F(.)-.65 E(This is an incremental search.)144 240 Q F1(non\255incr)108 +252 Q(emental\255r)-.18 E -2.3 -.15(ev e)-.18 H(rse\255sear).15 E +(ch\255history \(M\255p\))-.18 E F0 .165(Search backw)144 264 R .164(ar\ d through the history starting at the current line using a non-incremen\ -tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 228 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E -(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 240 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) --.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.354(Search forw)144 252 R +tal search for)-.1 F 2.5(as)144 276 S(tring supplied by the user)-2.5 E +(.)-.55 E F1(non\255incr)108 288 Q(emental\255f)-.18 E(orward\255sear) +-.25 E(ch\255history \(M\255n\))-.18 E F0 1.353(Search forw)144 300 R 1.354(ard through the history using a non-incremental search for a stri\ -ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 -276 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .248(Search forw)144 288 R .249(a\ +ng supplied by the)-.1 F(user)144 312 Q(.)-.55 E F1(history\255sear)108 +324 Q(ch\255f)-.18 E(orward)-.25 E F0 .249(Search forw)144 336 R .249(a\ rd through the history for the string of characters between the start o\ -f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 300 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 312 Q -(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .951(Search backw)144 324 R .951(ard through \ -the history for the string of characters between the start of the curre\ -nt)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 336 Q -(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 348 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 .622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 360 -R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 +f the current line)-.1 F(and the point.)144 348 Q +(This is a non-incremental search.)5 E F1(history\255sear)108 360 Q +(ch\255backward)-.18 E F0 .95(Search backw)144 372 R .951(ard through t\ +he history for the string of characters between the start of the curren\ +t)-.1 F(line and the point.)144 384 Q(This is a non-incremental search.) +5 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)108 396 Q 2.5(g\()-.1 G<4dad43ad7929>-2.5 E F0 +.622(Insert the \214rst ar)144 408 R .622(gument to the pre)-.18 F .622 (vious command \(usually the second w)-.25 F .622(ord on the pre)-.1 F -.622(vious line\))-.25 F .795(at point.)144 372 R -.4(Wi)5.795 G .794 +.622(vious line\))-.25 F .794(at point.)144 420 R -.4(Wi)5.794 G .794 (th an ar).4 F(gument)-.18 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.294 E F0 3.294 (,i).24 G .794(nsert the)-3.294 F F2(n)3.294 E F0 .794(th w)B .794 -(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .794 -(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 384 Q .291(vious command be)-.25 F .291 +(ord from the pre)-.1 F .794(vious command \(the w)-.25 F .795 +(ords in the)-.1 F(pre)144 432 Q .292(vious command be)-.25 F .292 (gin with w)-.15 F .291(ord 0\).)-.1 F 2.791(An)5.291 G -2.25 -.15(eg a) -2.791 H(ti).15 E .591 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .291 -(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .292 -(ord from the end of)-.1 F .282(the pre)144 396 R .282(vious command.) --.25 F .282(Once the ar)5.282 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 -(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .281 -(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 408 Q -(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 420 Q -2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.307 -(Insert the last ar)144 432 R 1.307(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 -(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.308(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.308 -(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 444 S .204(th a numeric ar).4 -F .204(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) --.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.203(.S)C(uccessi)-5.203 -E .503 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .203(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.703 E -(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 456 Q .806 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 +(ument inserts the).18 F F2(n)2.791 E F0 .291(th w)B .291 +(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 444 R .281(vious command.) +-.25 F .281(Once the ar)5.281 F(gument)-.18 E F2(n)2.781 E F0 .281 +(is computed, the ar)2.781 F .281(gument is e)-.18 F .282 +(xtracted as if the "!)-.15 F F2(n)A F0(")A(history e)144 456 Q +(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)108 468 Q +2.5(g\()-.1 G -1.667(M\255. ,)-2.5 F -1.667(M\255_ \))2.5 F F0 1.308 +(Insert the last ar)144 480 R 1.308(gument to the pre)-.18 F 1.307 +(vious command \(the last w)-.25 F 1.307(ord of the pre)-.1 F 1.307 +(vious history entry\).)-.25 F -.4(Wi)144 492 S .203(th a numeric ar).4 +F .203(gument, beha)-.18 F .504 -.15(ve ex)-.2 H .204(actly lik).15 F(e) +-.1 E F1(yank\255nth\255ar)2.704 E(g)-.1 E F0 5.204(.S)C(uccessi)-5.204 +E .504 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .204(alls to).15 F F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.704 E +(g)-.1 E F0(mo)144 504 Q .807 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .507 (ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507 (ord \(or the w)-.1 F .507(ord speci\214ed by the ar)-.1 F(gument)-.18 E -1.397(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 468 R(An)6.396 E -3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.396 -(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.696 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) -.15 E .491(determines the direction to mo)144 480 R .791 -.15(ve t)-.15 -H .491(hrough the history).15 F 5.492(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G -(ti).05 E .792 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .492 +1.396(to the \214rst call\) of each line in turn.)144 516 R(An)6.396 E +3.896(yn)-.15 G 1.396(umeric ar)-3.896 F 1.397 +(gument supplied to these successi)-.18 F 1.697 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls) +.15 E .492(determines the direction to mo)144 528 R .792 -.15(ve t)-.15 +H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G +(ti).05 E .791 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .491 (ument switches the direction).18 F .494 -(through the history \(back or forw)144 492 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F +(through the history \(back or forw)144 540 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F .494(history e)2.994 F .494(xpansion f)-.15 F .494 (acilities are used to e)-.1 F .494(xtract the last)-.15 F -.1(wo)144 -504 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) --.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 516 Q F0 .622 -(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 528 R .622 -(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .623 -(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 540 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 +552 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.) +-.15 E F1(shell\255expand\255line \(M\255C\255e\))108 564 Q F0 .623 +(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 576 R .622 +(This performs alias and history e)5.622 F .622 +(xpansion as well as all of the)-.15 F(shell w)144 588 Q(ord e)-.1 E 2.5 (xpansions. See)-.15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)2.5 E(OR)-.162 E 2.25 (YE)-.315 G(XP)-2.25 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)2.25 E 2.5(wf)-.25 G (or a description of history e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1 -(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 552 Q F0 .939 -(Perform history e)144 564 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(history\255expand\255line \(M\255^\))108 600 Q F0 .938 +(Perform history e)144 612 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F (See)5.939 E F3(HIST)3.439 E(OR)-.162 E 3.189(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.189 E -(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-) --3.438 F(tion of history e)144 576 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) -108 588 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 600 R 1.626 -(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F3 -(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 -(belo)144 612 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E -(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 624 Q F0 .395 -(Perform alias e)144 636 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F -(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H -.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 648 Q F1 -(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 660 Q F0 -(Perform history and alias e)144 672 Q(xpansion on the current line.) --.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 684 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M) -.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 696 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for) --.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q -(2016 May 29)148.175 E(44)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.439(wf)-.25 G .939(or a descrip-) +-3.439 F(tion of history e)144 624 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space) +108 636 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 648 R 1.627 +(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F3 +(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0 +(belo)144 660 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E +(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 672 Q F0 .394 +(Perform alias e)144 684 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F +(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H +.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 696 Q +(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(44)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 45 45 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 84 Q F0 .947 -(Accept the current line for e)144 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 -(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15 -(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F -(history for editing.)144 108 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G +SF(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 84 Q F0 +(Perform history and alias e)144 96 Q(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 +E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 108 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M).833 G +-1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 120 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1 +(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 132 Q F0 .948 +(Accept the current line for e)144 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948 +(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15 +(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F +(history for editing.)144 156 Q(An)5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G (ument is ignored.).18 E F1 -(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 120 Q F0(In)144 -132 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 +(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255xC\255e\))108 168 Q F0(In)144 +180 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.226 -.1(ke a).2 H 3.526(ne).1 G 1.026 (ditor on the current command line, and e)-3.526 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.026 (cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)6.026 E F0 -(attempts to in)144 144 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF +(attempts to in)144 192 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF ($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2($EDIT)2.25 E(OR) -.162 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0 (as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 -E F1(Commands f)87 160.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4 -(end\255of\255\214le)108 172.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798 -(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 184.8 R .799 -(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299 -(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592 -(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 196.8 R -.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F -(as the end of input and returns)144 208.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 -(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 220.8 Q F0 .441 -(Delete the character at point.)144 232.8 R .442 -(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1 -(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 244.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) +E F1(Commands f)87 208.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4 +(end\255of\255\214le)108 220.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799 +(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 232.8 R .799 +(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298 +(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592 +(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 244.8 R +.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F +(as the end of input and returns)144 256.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1 +(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 268.8 Q F0 .442 +(Delete the character at point.)144 280.8 R .442 +(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1 +(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 292.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s) -2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H (or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\)) -108 256.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 268.8 R +108 304.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 316.8 R 5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553 -(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552 -(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 280.8 Q F1 --.25(fo)108 292.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473 -(Delete the character under the cursor)144 304.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474 -(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F -(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 316.8 Q F1 -(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 328.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144 -340.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 +(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553 +(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 328.8 Q F1 +-.25(fo)108 340.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474 +(Delete the character under the cursor)144 352.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474 +(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F +(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 364.8 Q F1 +(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 376.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144 +388.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279 (erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 -G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278 -(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 352.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 -(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 364.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 -(Insert a tab character)144 376.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 388.8 Q F0 -(Insert the character typed.)144 400.8 Q F1 -(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 412.8 Q F0 .321 -(Drag the character before point forw)144 424.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322 -(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 +G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279 +(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 400.8 S(ample.).15 E F1 +(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 412.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 +(Insert a tab character)144 424.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1 +(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 436.8 Q F0 +(Insert the character typed.)144 448.8 Q F1 +(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 460.8 Q F0 .322 +(Drag the character before point forw)144 472.8 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321 +(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182 (If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 -436.8 R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 448.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E +484.8 R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 496.8 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1 -(transpose\255w)108 460.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144 -472.8 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) --.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w) --2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F -(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 484.8 Q 2.5 -(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 496.8 Q -(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 -508.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698 -(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 520.8 S(rd, b).1 -E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 532.8 Q -(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 544.8 Q 1.647 -(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147 -(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15 -(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre) --.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 556.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 --.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 568.8 Q -(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 -580.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974 -(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 592.8 S(rd, b) +(transpose\255w)108 508.8 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144 +520.8 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo) +-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w) +-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F +(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 532.8 Q 2.5 +(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 544.8 Q +(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 +556.8 R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699 +(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 568.8 S(rd, b).1 +E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 580.8 Q +(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 592.8 Q 1.648 +(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148 +(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15 +(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre) +-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 604.8 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 +-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 616.8 Q +(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 +628.8 R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F +-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975 +(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 640.8 S(rd, b) .1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 -604.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 616.8 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15 -(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437 -(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438 -(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 -(Wi)144 628.8 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 +652.8 S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 664.8 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15 +(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438 +(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437 +(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4 +(Wi)144 676.8 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781 -(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F -(fects)-.25 E(only)144 640.8 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi) -4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 +(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F +(fects)-.25 E(only)144 688.8 Q F1(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi) +4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re) -4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969 -(mode. In)144 652.8 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469 +4.394 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968 +(mode. In)144 700.8 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468 (rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 -1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957 -(pushing the te)144 664.8 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958 -(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0 -.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 676.8 -Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 -693.6 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 705.6 Q F0 -(Kill the te)144 717.6 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E -(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(45)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958 +(pushing the te)144 712.8 R .958(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957 +(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 +.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 724.8 +Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(2016 May 29)148.175 E(45)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 46 46 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 84 Q F0(Kill backw)144 -96 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 -(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 108 Q F0(Kill backw)144 120 Q +SF(Killing and Y)87 84 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 96 Q +F0(Kill the te)144 108 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 120 Q F0(Kill backw)144 +132 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1 +(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 144 Q F0(Kill backw)144 156 Q (ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E (The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt) --2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 132 Q F0 +-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 168 Q F0 (Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144 -144 Q F1(kill\255w)108 156 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729 -(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 168 R .728 -(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728 -(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 180 S +180 Q F1(kill\255w)108 192 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728 +(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 204 R .729 +(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729 +(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 216 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G -(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 192 Q -(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 204 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 +(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 228 Q +(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 240 Q(ord behind point.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 216 Q -(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 228 R -.729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F -.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 240 S +(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 252 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 264 R +.728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F +.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 276 S (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E (orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w) -108 252 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 264 R 3.025 +108 288 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 300 R 3.025 (ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025 (rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-) -5.525 E(ward\255w)144 276 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 288 Q -(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 300 R .364 -(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1 -F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 -(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 -312 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 324 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144 -336 R .166 +5.525 E(ward\255w)144 312 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 324 Q +(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 336 R .365 +(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1 +F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15 +(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144 +348 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 360 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)144 +372 R .166 (ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w) --.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 348 Q +-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 384 Q (xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.) --2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 360 Q F0 -(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 372 Q F1(kill\255r)108 384 -Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 396 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E -(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 408 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) -144 420 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E +-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 396 Q F0 +(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 408 Q F1(kill\255r)108 420 +Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 432 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E +(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 444 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop) +144 456 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E (gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(copy\255backward\255w)108 432 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 444 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G -2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer) --.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301 -(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 456 -Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 468 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E -F0(Cop)144 480 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 -F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T) --.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 --.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 492 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 -(yank \(C\255y\))108 504 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 516 S +(copy\255backward\255w)108 468 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 480 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 +G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 +E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3 +(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 492 Q +(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 504 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0 +(Cop)144 516 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F +2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 +G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25 +(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 528 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 +(yank \(C\255y\))108 540 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 552 S (nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25 -E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 528 Q F0 -(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 540 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 +E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 564 Q F0 +(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 576 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5 (op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E -F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 556.8 Q -(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 568.8 Q +F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 592.8 Q +(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 604.8 Q (gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367 -(Add this digit to the ar)144 580.8 R .367 +(Add this digit to the ar)144 616.8 R .367 (gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18 -(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 592.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G -(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 604.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 -E F0 .779(This is another w)144 616.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F -3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778 +(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G +(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 640.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 +E F0 .778(This is another w)144 652.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F +3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779 (wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376 (optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144 -628.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 -640.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) +664.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144 +676.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni) 3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17 (ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other) --.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 652.8 R .898 -(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898 +-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 688.8 R .898 +(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898 (wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23 -(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 664.8 R 1.23 +(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 700.8 R 1.23 (gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four) --.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 676.8 R .822 +-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 712.8 R .823 (gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823 -(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F -(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 688.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 -E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing) -87 705.6 Q F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(46)197.335 E 0 -Cg EP +(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F +(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 724.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5 +E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4) +72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(46)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 47 47 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(complete \(T)108 84 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 -(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 96 R 1.137 +SF(Completing)87 84 Q(complete \(T)108 96 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137 +(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 108 R 1.137 (xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137 -(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 108 Q .532(xt as a v) --.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) --.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F -.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) -144 120 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701 -(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701 +(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 120 Q .533(xt as a v) +-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with) +-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F +.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te) +144 132 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701 +(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702 (If none of these pro-)5.701 F -(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 132 Q F1 -(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 144 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 156 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 168 Q F0 .783 -(Insert all completions of the te)144 180 R .783(xt before point that w) +(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F1 +(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 156 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F0 .783 +(Insert all completions of the te)144 192 R .783(xt before point that w) -.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by) -.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 192 Q F0(.)A F1 -(menu\255complete)108 204 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 216 R F1(complete) -3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929 -(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193 -(possible completions.)144 228 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194 -(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829 -(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 240 R .828 +.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 204 Q F0(.)A F1 +(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 228 R F1(complete) +3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929 +(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194 +(possible completions.)144 240 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193 +(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828 +(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 252 R .828 (At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727 -(\(subject to the setting of)144 252 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 +(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227 (\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727 (An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E -F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73 -(positions forw)144 264 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F +F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73 +(positions forw)144 276 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73 (ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1 -E(through the list.)144 276 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 +E(through the list.)144 288 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 288 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 -300 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) +-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 300 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 +312 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve) -.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82 (ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1 -(menu\255complete)144 312 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) +(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan) .15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1 -(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 324 Q F0 .234 -(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 336 R .234 -(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734 -E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 348 R -.15(ve)-.2 G +(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F0 .234 +(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 348 R .234 +(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735 +E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions) 2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 -360 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 372 Q F0 -(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 384 Q(xt before point.)-.15 -E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 396 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 408 Q +372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F0 +(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 396 Q(xt before point.)-.15 +E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q (xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255user)108 420 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 432 Q +(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user) -108 444 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 456 Q +108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q (xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108 -468 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 480 Q +480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(possible\255v)108 492 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 504 Q +(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 516 Q (xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 516 Q F0 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 528 Q +(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F0 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 540 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 540 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 552 Q +(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 564 Q (xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1 -(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 564 Q F0 .581 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 576 R .581 -(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58 -(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 588 R +(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F0 .58 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 588 R .581 +(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581 +(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 600 R .715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F .715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F -(\214nally e)144 600 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G +(\214nally e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1 -(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 612 Q F0 -(List the possible completions of the te)144 624 Q +(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F0 +(List the possible completions of the te)144 636 Q (xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1 -(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 636 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425 -(Attempt completion on the te)144 648 R .425 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424 +(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424 +(Attempt completion on the te)144 660 R .425 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425 (ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F -(for possible completion matches.)144 660 Q F1(dab)108 672 Q(br)-.1 E --.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61 -(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 684 R .611 -(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611 +(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F1(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E +-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611 +(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 696 R .611 +(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61 (ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F -(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 696 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(47)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 48 48 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -5772,25 +5774,25 @@ E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)) (ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1 (call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 -E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\ - appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 -E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E -F0(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G +E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 +G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\ +ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1 +(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 220.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0 +(Print the last k)144 232.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G (board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1 (Miscellaneous)87 249.6 Q -.18(re)108 261.6 S<ad72>.18 E -(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777 -(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0 -1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776 -(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 -285.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F0 3.248 +(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776 +(Read in the contents of the)144 273.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 +1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777 +(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144 +285.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 297.6 Q F0 3.249 (Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 309.6 R -5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1 +5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1 (bell\255style)144 321.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 333.6 Q (case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.) -C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.756(If the meta\214ed character)144 345.6 R F2(x) -4.256 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.256 F 1.755 +C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 345.6 R F2(x) +4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756 (wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F (uppercase character)144 357.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 369.6 Q (e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 381.6 Q @@ -5809,46 +5811,46 @@ F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F (Set the mark to the point.)144 489.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E (gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1 (exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 501.6 Q F0(Sw) -144 513.6 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 +144 513.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283 (The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa) +2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa) 144 525.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1 -(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 -549.6 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +(character\255sear)108 537.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 +549.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535 -(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 -(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) +(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre) 144 561.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 573.6 Q -(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 585.6 S 1.044 -(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G +(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 585.6 S 1.043 +(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G 3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044 -(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E +(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G (count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 597.6 Q F1 -(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F0 1.826 +(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 609.6 Q F0 1.827 (Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 621.6 R 2.126 -.15 -(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) --.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 633.6 R -.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791 +(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey) +-.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 633.6 R +.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791 (gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F -.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15 -(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F +.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 645.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G +2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15 +(ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F (xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\ ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 669.6 Q(ault, b)-.1 E (ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108 -681.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48 +681.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 693.6 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481 (gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481 -(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 705.6 Q .245 -(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244 -(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321 +(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48 +(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 705.6 Q .244 +(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245 +(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322 (the characters at the be)144 717.6 R .321 (ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1 -(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is) --.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F1 -(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831 +(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is) +-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F1 +(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832 (ginning of the line.)-.15 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E (48)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 49 49 @@ -5856,21 +5858,21 @@ ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.468 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.469 (In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 84 R 1.468 -(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F -1.469(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin) -144 96 Q F0 .84(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 -(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F +(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F +1.468(alue of)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin) +144 96 Q F0 .839(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839 +(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F (gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 108 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 120 Q -(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 132 R .791 -(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792 +(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 132 R .791 +(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791 (xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 144 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 156 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) --.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 168 R .176 +-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 168 R .176 (ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176 (xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516 (names is inserted, replacing the w)144 180 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016 @@ -5883,87 +5885,87 @@ le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 156 Q(ord \(C\255x *\)) .872(the line is redra)144 228 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G .872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872 (gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15 -(ex)144 240 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 252 Q F0 .627 -(Print all of the functions and their k)144 264 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H -.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar) -5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E +(ex)144 240 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 252 Q F0 .626 +(Print all of the functions and their k)144 264 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H +.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar) +5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 276 Q (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr) 2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 288 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 -1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 300 R 1.799 -(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.) --.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 312 R .304 +1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 300 R 1.799 +(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.) +-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 312 R .304 (gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304 (ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 324 Q(c)-.37 E F0 -(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 336 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592 -(Print all of the readline k)144 348 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 -(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G -3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 360 Q +(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 336 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593 +(Print all of the readline k)144 348 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592 +(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G +3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 360 Q .528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528 -(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0 +(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0 (\214le.)144 372 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 384 Q (ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 396 Q (ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E -F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 412.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108 +F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 412.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108 424.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147 (gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F -F2(compspec)108 436.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329 -(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) +F2(compspec)108 436.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329 +(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829 -F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the) +F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the) -.25 F(programmable completion f)108 448.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2 -(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497 -(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 465.6 R .497 -(If the command w)5.497 F .498 -(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108 +(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498 +(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 465.6 R .498 +(If the command w)5.498 F .497 +(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108 477.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233 (ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to) -2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-) -5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ -used to generate the list of possible completions)108 489.6 R .823 -(for the w)108 501.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F -.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ -ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 513.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\ +2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-) +5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \ +used to generate the list of possible completions)108 489.6 R .822 +(for the w)108 501.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F +.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\ +ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 513.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\ r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\ -rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 525.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 -(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15 -G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0(option to) +rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 525.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298 +(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15 +G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F1<ad44>2.799 E F0(option to) 108 537.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\ matching w)108 554.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817 (ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 566.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash) 2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 -E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464 +E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463 (First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 583.2 R -.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F -.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 595.2 R .595 -(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596 +.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F +.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 595.2 R .596 +(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595 (option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F (shell v)108 607.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 (is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 624 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584 (xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584 (option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 636 S -.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555 -(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555 -(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E +.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554 +(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554 +(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E (able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 648 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3 (FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 664.8 Q -.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18 -F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 -(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108 -676.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412 +.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F +F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321 +(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the) +108 676.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412 (ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F -.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092 -(using brace e)108 688.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 -(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091 -(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108 +.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091 +(using brace e)108 688.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092 +(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092 +(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108 700.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H (nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108 -712.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21 -(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209 -(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209 +712.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209 +(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209 +(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21 (ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 724.8 Q (ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q (2016 May 29)148.175 E(49)197.335 E 0 Cg EP @@ -5972,129 +5974,129 @@ F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32 BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.237 -(After these matches ha)108 84 R 1.537 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.237 -(een generated, an).15 F 3.737(ys)-.15 G 1.238 -(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.737 F/F1 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>3.738 E F0(and)3.738 E F1<ad43>3.738 E F0 3.376 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.238 +(After these matches ha)108 84 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238 +(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237 +(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F/F1 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad46>3.737 E F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375 (options is in)108 96 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G -3.375(d, the).1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.875 E/F3 9 -/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.625 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_KEY)108 108 Q -F3(,)A F0(and)2.407 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.657 E F0 -.25(va)2.407 G .157 +3.375(d, the).1 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_LINE)5.876 E/F3 9 +/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_KEY)108 108 Q +F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25(va)2.408 G .157 (riables are assigned v).25 F .157(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .158(Shell V)2.658 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 -5.158(.I)C(f)-5.158 E 3.486(as)108 120 S .986(hell function is being in) --3.486 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 +5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108 120 S .986(hell function is being in) +-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E (ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va) -3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.985 E .346 -(the function or command is in)108 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .346 -(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.847(\)i)C -2.847(st)-2.847 G .347(he name of the command whose ar)-2.847 F(guments) --.18 E .264(are being completed, the second ar)108 144 R .264(gument \() --.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.764(\)i)C 2.764(st)-2.764 G .264(he w)-2.764 F .263 -(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .263(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($3)A F0 2.763(\)i)C(s)-2.763 E .628(the w)108 156 R .628 +3.236 G .986(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347 +(the function or command is in)108 132 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347 +(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F1($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C +2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments) +-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 144 R .263(gument \() +-.18 F F1($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w)-2.763 F .264 +(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 156 R .629 (ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629 -(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .629 -(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .715(completions ag)108 168 R -.715(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ +(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628 +(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 168 R +.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\ tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.) -108 180 Q(An)108 196.8 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) --2.937 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G +108 180 Q(An)108 196.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with) +-2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F -2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .438 -(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 208.8 Q F1(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 -(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456 +2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437 +(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 208.8 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956 +(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457 (It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 220.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25 -E(Ne)108 237.6 Q .08(xt, an)-.15 F 2.58(yc)-.15 G .08 -(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.58 F F1<ad43>2.58 E F0 .081 -(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.581(na) --2.581 G 2.581(ne)-2.581 G -.4(nv)-2.581 G .081(ironment equi).4 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .081(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.859(stitution. It)108 249.6 -R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\ -d output.)2.859 F .358(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 -261.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .376 +E(Ne)108 237.6 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081 +(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081 +(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na) +-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va) +-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 249.6 R +.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \ +output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 +261.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377 (After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 278.4 R -2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.877 -E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 290.4 R -.682(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.182 F .681 -(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681 -(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.181 F .681(xt of)-.15 F .522 -(the w)108 302.4 R .522(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.022(Al)5.522 G -(iteral)-3.022 E F1(&)3.022 E F0 .523 +2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876 +E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 290.4 R +.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681 +(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682 +(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523 +(the w)108 302.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G +(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522 (may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 314.4 R -(An)5.85 E 3.35(yc)-.15 G .849 -(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.35 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.349(df).15 G .849(rom the list.)-3.349 F 3.349(Al)5.849 G(eading) --3.349 E F1(!)3.349 E F0(ne)108 326.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 +-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 314.4 +R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849 +(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G +3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1 +(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 326.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G .764 (tes the pattern; in this case an).05 F 3.264(yc)-.15 G .764 (ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-3.264 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.265 E F1(nocase-)3.265 E(match)108 338.4 Q F0 +3.264(d. If).15 F(the)3.264 E F1(nocase-)3.264 E(match)108 338.4 Q F0 (shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05 (ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108 -355.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H .587(re\214x and suf).15 +355.2 Q 3.086(,a)-.65 G .886 -.15(ny p)-3.086 H .586(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587(options are added to each member of the com-) 3.087 F(pletion list, and the result is returned to the readline comple\ -tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 367.2 Q .246 +tion code as the list of possible completions.)108 367.2 Q .247 (If the pre)108 384 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an) -.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir) -2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F +2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247(option w)2.747 F .246(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 396 Q F0(when the compspec w)2.5 E -(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462 -(If the)108 412.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w) +(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .461 +(If the)108 412.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.961 F F0 .462(option w) 2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462 (when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1 F(pletion is attempted and an)108 424.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G -(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559 -(By def)108 441.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56 -(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F -.632(of possible completions.)108 453.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631 -(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631 -(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 465.6 R -.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) -3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559 -(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 477.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672 -(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671 +(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .56 +(By def)108 441.6 R .56(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.06(ri).15 G 3.06(tg)-3.06 G .559 +(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.06 F +.631(of possible completions.)108 453.6 R .631(The def)5.631 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(bash)3.131 E F0 .631 +(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .632 +(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .559(name completion is disabled.)108 465.6 R +.559(If the)5.559 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w) +3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.058 E F0 .558 +(when the compspec)3.058 F -.1(wa)108 477.6 S 3.171(sd).1 G .671 +(e\214ned, the)-3.171 F F1(bash)3.171 E F0(def)3.171 E .671 (ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.) --.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 489.6 Q F0 1.207 -(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 +-.1 F .672(If the)5.672 F F1<ad6f>3.172 E(default)108 489.6 Q F0 1.207 +(option w)3.707 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0 1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F -3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F +3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.206(ault completion)-.1 F (will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108 501.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.) 2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \ -desired, the programmable completion func-)108 518.4 R .632(tions force\ +desired, the programmable completion func-)108 518.4 R .633(tions force\ readline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links\ - to directories, subject)108 530.4 R 2.762(to the v)108 542.4 R 2.762 -(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 -(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761 -(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 554.4 + to directories, subject)108 530.4 R 2.761(to the v)108 542.4 R 2.761 +(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.261 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761 +(readline v)5.261 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.762 +(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.262 E(link)108 554.4 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E -.19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 -571.2 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 +.191(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 +571.2 R .19(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33 (tion with a def)108 583.2 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33 (ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15 F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\ by returning an e)108 595.2 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a) 5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\ -ed with the command on which completion is)108 607.2 R .665 -(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 619.2 R .666 -(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666 -(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108 +ed with the command on which completion is)108 607.2 R .666 +(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 619.2 R .665 +(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .665 +(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .083(restarts from the be)108 631.2 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc) --.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .083(This allo)5.083 F -.083(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 643.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ +-.25 G .084(ompspec for that command.)-2.584 F .084(This allo)5.084 F +.084(ws a set of)-.25 F(completions to be b)108 643.2 Q(uilt dynamicall\ y as completion is attempted, rather than being loaded all at once.)-.2 -E -.15(Fo)108 660 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137 -(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.636 F +E -.15(Fo)108 660 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137 +(nstance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each k)-2.637 F .137(ept in a \214le corresponding to the name of)-.1 F (the command, the follo)108 672 Q(wing def)-.25 E (ault completion function w)-.1 E(ould load completions dynamically:)-.1 @@ -6110,141 +6112,141 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Courier@0 SF (complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default)108 84 Q/F2 -10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 112.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .372 -(When the)108 124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .372(\255o history)2.872 F -F0 .372(option to the)2.872 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 -(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .371(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF .371(command history)2.871 F F0(,)A .304 -(the list of commands pre)108 136.8 R .304(viously typed.)-.25 F .304 -(The v)5.304 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) -2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .305(riable is used as the number of com-).25 -F .43(mands to sa)108 148.8 R .73 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.93(nah).15 G .43 -(istory list.)-2.93 F .43(The te)5.43 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 -(HISTSIZE)2.929 E F0 .429(commands \(def)2.679 F .429(ault 500\) is sa) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.929(d. The).15 F(shell)2.929 E .287 +10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 112.8 Q(OR)-.197 E(Y)-.383 E F0 .371 +(When the)108 124.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF .371(\255o history)2.871 F +F0 .371(option to the)2.871 F F3(set)2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G .372 +(iltin is enabled, the shell pro).2 F .372(vides access to the)-.15 F/F4 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF .372(command history)2.872 F F0(,)A .305 +(the list of commands pre)108 136.8 R .305(viously typed.)-.25 F .305 +(The v)5.305 F .304(alue of the)-.25 F/F5 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTSIZE) +2.804 E F0 -.25(va)2.554 G .304(riable is used as the number of com-).25 +F .429(mands to sa)108 148.8 R .729 -.15(ve i)-.2 H 2.929(nah).15 G .429 +(istory list.)-2.929 F .429(The te)5.429 F .429(xt of the last)-.15 F F5 +(HISTSIZE)2.93 E F0 .43(commands \(def)2.68 F .43(ault 500\) is sa)-.1 F +-.15(ve)-.2 G 2.93(d. The).15 F(shell)2.93 E .287 (stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and v)108 160.8 R .287(ariable e)-.25 F .287(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F5(EXP)2.787 E (ANSION)-.666 E F0(abo)2.537 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E -.2(bu)108 172.8 -S 4.066(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.066 F 1.565 +S 4.065(ta).2 G 1.565(fter history e)-4.065 F 1.565 (xpansion is performed, subject to the v)-.15 F 1.565 (alues of the shell v)-.25 F(ariables)-.25 E F5(HISTIGNORE)4.065 E F0 -(and)3.815 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 184.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) +(and)3.816 E F5(HISTCONTR)108 184.8 Q(OL)-.27 E/F6 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.) A F0 .082 (On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v) -108 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.583 E F0(\(def)2.333 E(ault)-.1 -E F4(~/.bash_history)2.583 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 +108 201.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F5(HISTFILE)2.582 E F0(\(def)2.332 E(ault)-.1 +E F4(~/.bash_history)2.582 E F0(\).)A .315(The \214le named by the v)108 213.6 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315 (is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G -.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .658 -(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 225.6 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5 +.315(ontain no more than the number of)-2.815 F .659 +(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 225.6 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5 (HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F3(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0 -.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 237.6 S +.658(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 237.6 S .142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142 (alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142 -(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 249.6 Q 1.604 +(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 249.6 Q 1.605 (ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604 (wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .098 (stamps for the preceding history line.)108 261.6 R .098 (These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.098 F -.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 273.6 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E +.098(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 273.6 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.559 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059 (hell with history enabled e)-3.559 F 1.059(xits, the last)-.15 F F5 -($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.059(lines are)3.309 F .159 -(copied from the history list to)108 285.6 R F5($HISTFILE)2.659 E F6(.)A -F0 .159(If the)4.659 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .158 -(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F3(shopt)108 -297.6 Q F0(under)2.581 E F5 .081(SHELL B)2.581 F(UIL)-.09 E .081 +($HISTSIZE)3.559 E F0 1.058(lines are)3.309 F .158 +(copied from the history list to)108 285.6 R F5($HISTFILE)2.658 E F6(.)A +F0 .158(If the)4.658 F F3(histappend)2.658 E F0 .159 +(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.659 F F3(shopt)108 +297.6 Q F0(under)2.582 E F5 .082(SHELL B)2.582 F(UIL)-.09 E .082 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.332 E .082 (w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F -.197(history \214le is o)108 309.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If) -.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.697 E F0 .196(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ - unwritable, the history is not sa)2.447 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .583 -(If the)108 321.6 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 +.196(history \214le is o)108 309.6 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(rwritten. If) +.15 F F5(HISTFILE)2.696 E F0 .197(is unset, or if the history \214le is\ + unwritable, the history is not sa)2.446 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(d.).15 E .584 +(If the)108 321.6 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834 G .584 (riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25 -F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 333.6 R -3.648(,s)-.4 G 3.648(ot)-3.648 G(he)-3.648 E 3.648(ym)-.15 G 1.147 -(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147 -(This uses the history comment)6.147 F 1.376 +F .583(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.147(tory comment character)108 333.6 R +3.647(,s)-.4 G 3.647(ot)-3.647 G(he)-3.647 E 3.647(ym)-.15 G 1.147 +(ay be preserv)-3.647 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.148 +(This uses the history comment)6.148 F 1.377 (character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 345.6 -R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G -1.377(he history \214le is)-3.877 F .757 +R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.876(,t)-.65 G +1.376(he history \214le is)-3.876 F .756 (truncated to contain no more than)108 357.6 R F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 3.257(lines. If)3.007 F F5(HISTFILESIZE)3.257 E F0 .757 (is unset, or set to null, a non-)3.007 F(numeric v)108 369.6 Q (alue, or a numeric v)-.25 E -(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .298 -(The b)108 386.4 R .298(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.798 E F0(\(see) -2.798 E F5 .298(SHELL B)2.798 F(UIL)-.09 E .298(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 -(belo)2.549 E .299(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .472(cute a portion of the history list.)108 398.4 R -(The)5.472 E F3(history)2.972 E F0 -.2(bu)2.972 G .471 -(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .001 +(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 E .299 +(The b)108 386.4 R .299(uiltin command)-.2 F F3(fc)2.799 E F0(\(see) +2.799 E F5 .299(SHELL B)2.799 F(UIL)-.09 E .299(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 +(belo)2.549 E .298(w\) may be used to list or edit and re-e)-.25 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E .471(cute a portion of the history list.)108 398.4 R +(The)5.471 E F3(history)2.971 E F0 -.2(bu)2.971 G .472 +(iltin may be used to display or modify the history list and).2 F .002 (manipulate the history \214le.)108 410.4 R .001 -(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.001 F -.25(va) --.2 G .002(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 422.4 Q -(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.486(The shell allo)108 439.2 -R 1.486(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 +(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.002 F -.25(va) +-.2 G .001(ilable in each edit-).25 F(ing mode that pro)108 422.4 Q +(vide access to the history list.)-.15 E 1.485(The shell allo)108 439.2 +R 1.485(ws control o)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.986(rw).15 G 1.486 (hich commands are sa)-3.986 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.986(do).15 G 3.986(nt) --3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.485 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.985 -E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.735 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 451.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G -.457(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .758 -.15(ve o) --.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F3 +-3.986 G 1.486(he history list.)-3.986 F(The)6.486 E F5(HISTCONTR)3.986 +E(OL)-.27 E F0(and)3.736 E F5(HISTIGNORE)108 451.2 Q F0 -.25(va)2.708 G +.458(riables may be set to cause the shell to sa).25 F .757 -.15(ve o) +-.2 H .457(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.457 E F3 (cmdhist)108 463.2 Q F0 .75 (shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05 -.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077 (the same history entry)108 475.2 R 3.577(,a)-.65 G 1.077 (dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G -1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.577 E F0 -.374(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 487.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 -H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .373 -(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318 -(description of the)108 499.2 R F3(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318 +1.077(yntactic correctness.)-3.577 F(The)6.077 E F3(lithist)3.576 E F0 +.373(shell option causes the shell to sa)108 487.2 R .674 -.15(ve t)-.2 +H .374(he command with embedded ne).15 F .374 +(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .374(See the)5.374 F .319 +(description of the)108 499.2 R F3(shopt)2.819 E F0 -.2(bu)2.819 G .318 (iltin belo).2 F 2.818(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.818 E F5 .318(SHELL B)2.818 F -(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .319 +(UIL)-.09 E .318(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .318 (for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 511.2 Q F2(HIST)72 528 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION) --.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108 540 R .611 -(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .61 -(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.11 E F0 .61(This section)5.61 F .87 +-.81 E F0 .61(The shell supports a history e)108 540 R .611 +(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F .611 +(xpansion in)-.15 F F3(csh.)3.111 E F0 .611(This section)5.611 F .871 (describes what syntax features are a)108 552 R -.25(va)-.2 G 3.371 -(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871 -(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F -2.014(can be disabled using the)108 564 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 +(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .87 +(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.17 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .87(hells, and).15 F +2.013(can be disabled using the)108 564 R F3(+H)4.514 E F0 2.014 (option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014 -(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013 +(iltin command \(see).2 F F5 2.014(SHELL B)4.514 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.014 (TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 576 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E(xpansion by def) --.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.305(History e)108 592.8 R 1.305 +-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E 1.306(History e)108 592.8 R 1.306 (xpansions introduce w)-.15 F 1.306(ords from the history list into the\ - input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .21 -(commands, insert the ar)108 604.8 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209 + input stream, making it easy to repeat)-.1 F .209 +(commands, insert the ar)108 604.8 R .209(guments to a pre)-.18 F .21 (vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25 -F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 616.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108 +F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 616.8 Q(.)-.65 E 1.164(History e)108 633.6 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\ s read, before the shell breaks it into)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 645.6 S 3.2 (rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2 (arts. The)-3.2 F .7 (\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during) -3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 657.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ -tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868 -(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 669.6 R F4 --.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663 -(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor) -3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 681.6 -Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226 -(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227 -(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F -(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 693.6 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351 -(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624 -(one w)108 705.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624 -(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 717.6 Q -F3(!)3.511 E F0 .178(by def)3.511 F 2.678(ault. Only)-.1 F .178 -(backslash \()2.678 F F3(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a).833 G .178 -(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .177 -(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.677(,b)-.4 G .177(ut the his-)-2.877 F .67 +3.2 F 4.368(substitution. The)108 657.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\ +tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.368 F 1.867 +(The line)6.867 F .662(selected from the history is the)108 669.6 R F4 +-.15(ev)3.162 G(ent).15 E F0 3.162(,a)C .663 +(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.162 F F4(wor) +3.163 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.663(.V)C(arious)-6.773 E F4(modi\214er)108 681.6 +Q(s)-.1 E F0 .227(are a)2.727 F -.25(va)-.2 G .227 +(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.727(ords. The)-.1 F .226 +(line is brok)2.726 F .226(en into w)-.1 F .226(ords in the same f)-.1 F +(ashion)-.1 E .351(as when reading input, so that se)108 693.6 R -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .352 +(-separated w)B .352(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .625 +(one w)108 705.6 R 3.125(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.125 G .624 +(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .624 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.124(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.124 E(is)108 717.6 Q +F3(!)3.51 E F0 .177(by def)3.51 F 2.677(ault. Only)-.1 F .177 +(backslash \()2.677 F F3(\\).833 E F0 2.678(\)a).833 G .178 +(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.678 F .178 +(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.678(,b)-.4 G .178(ut the his-)-2.878 F .67 (tory e)108 729.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\ it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(51)197.335 E 0 Cg EP @@ -6258,50 +6260,50 @@ BP (ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03 (xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25 F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 112.8 T -3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G +3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G .662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and) -.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G (he)-3.162 E F1(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F -F1(\()3.163 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 -141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 -(shopt)2.61 E F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109 -(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109(vior of history e)-.2 F -(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 153.6 R F1(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E +F1(\()3.162 E F0(will also inhibit e)108 124.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 +141.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F1 +(shopt)2.609 E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11 +(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11(vior of history e)-.2 F +(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.143(If the)108 153.6 R F1(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F1 (shopt)3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and) --.25 F F1 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, h\ +-.25 F F1 -.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, h\ istory substitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 -165.6 R 5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F -1.515(is reloaded into the)108 177.6 R F1 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E -F0 1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 -(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.016 G -(adline).18 E F0 1.516(is being used, and the)4.016 F F1(histr)108 189.6 +165.6 R 5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line) +-.15 F 1.516(is reloaded into the)108 177.6 R F1 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline) +.18 E F0 1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516 +(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F(If)6.516 E F1 -.18(re)4.015 G +(adline).18 E F0 1.515(is being used, and the)4.015 F F1(histr)108 189.6 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202 (ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re) 3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 201.6 S -.25(ff).2 G -1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F1<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16 -(option to the)3.66 F F1(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161 +1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F1<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161 +(option to the)3.661 F F1(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16 (iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 213.6 -S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F1<ad73>2.556 -E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F1(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G -.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F +S .055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F1<ad73>2.555 +E F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F1(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G +.056(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F (end of the history list without actually e)108 225.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 242.4 R 2.2 (ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e) --.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108 -254.4 R F1(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) -.15 E F1 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146 +-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108 +254.4 R F1(histchars)3.646 E F0(abo)3.646 E 1.446 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder) +.15 E F1 1.146(Shell V)3.646 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.147 (shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F (mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 266.4 Q F1 -(Ev)87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve) +(Ev)87 283.2 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 295.2 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\ - history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) + history list.).15 F .204(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e) 108 307.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5 (ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F1(!)108 324 Q -F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.608 +F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 324 R 1.607 (xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F1(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107 -(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F +(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.608(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F (\(when the)144 336 Q F1(extglob)2.5 E F0 (shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 348 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 @@ -6316,43 +6318,43 @@ ecent command preceding the current position in the history list contai\ ning)144 420 R F2(string)144 432 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E F1(?) 2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F2(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72 E (wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^) -108 449 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783 -(Quick substitution.)144 456 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784 -(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F2 -(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784 +108 449 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .784 +(Quick substitution.)144 456 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F .784 +(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.283 E F2 +(string2)3.283 E F0 5.783(.E).02 G(qui)-5.783 E -.25(va)-.25 G .783 (lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 468 S(!!:s/).74 E F2(string1)A F0(/)A F2 (string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0 (belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108 480 Q F0 (The entire command line typed so f)144 480 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75 -(Wo)87 496.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 508.8 S 1.314 +(Wo)87 496.8 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 508.8 S 1.313 (rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e) --.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.313 -(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F -.529(from the w)108 520.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G +-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0 1.314 +(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation).15 F +.53(from the w)108 520.8 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529 (ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1 ($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r) --3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301 -(are numbered from the be)108 532.8 R 1.301 -(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3 -(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F -(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 544.8 Q +-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E 1.3 +(are numbered from the be)108 532.8 R 1.3 +(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.301 +(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.301 G 1.301(rds are).8 +F(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 544.8 Q F1 2.5(0\()108 561.6 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 573.6 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F2(n)108.36 585.6 Q F0(The)144 585.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 597.6 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 597.6 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F -(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 609.6 Q F0 .063(The last w)144 609.6 -R 2.563(ord. This)-.1 F .063(is usually the last ar)2.563 F .064 +(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 609.6 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 609.6 +R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064 (gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F -.064(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 621.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E +.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 621.6 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E F1(%)108 633.6 Q F0(The w)144 633.6 Q(ord matched by the most recent `?) -.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 645.6 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 645.6 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C (bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 657.6 Q F0 -.316(All of the w)144 657.6 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316(ut the zeroth.)-.2 +.315(All of the w)144 657.6 R .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815 -('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.815 E F0 .315 -(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 669.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) +('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316 +(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 669.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve) -.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 681.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 681.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 <78ad>108 693.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 693.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0 @@ -6367,9 +6369,9 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(Modi\214ers)87 84 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 96 R .183 -(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184 -(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184 +SF(Modi\214ers)87 84 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 96 R .184 +(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183 +(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183 (wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 108 Q F1(h)108 124.8 Q F0(Remo)144 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H (railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t) @@ -6386,61 +6388,60 @@ E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 184.8 Q F0 (Quote the substituted w)144 196.8 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne) 2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 208.8 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E -F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 220.8 Q F2(ne)3.082 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 -(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.032 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) +F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 220.8 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221 +(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e) 3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G -.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .616(of /.)144 232.8 R .617 +.221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144 232.8 R .617 (The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e) -5.616 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .617(The delimiter may)5.617 +5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616 F .666(be quoted in)144 244.8 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne) 3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666 (If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166 (ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E -F0 5.666(.A).77 G .274(single backslash will quote the &.)144 256.8 R -(If)5.274 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 -F F2(old)3.005 E F0 .275(substituted, or)3.545 F 2.775(,i)-.4 G 2.775 -(fn)-2.775 G 2.775(op)-2.775 G(re)-2.775 E(vi-)-.25 E +F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 256.8 R +(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 +F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774 +(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E (ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 268.8 Q F2(string) 2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1 (&)108 280.8 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 280.8 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E -F1(g)108 292.8 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 292.8 R -.15 -(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 -(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A -F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 304.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 -(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.218('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.718('. If)B 1.218 -(used with `)3.718 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.219 -(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .09 +F1(g)108 292.8 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)144 292.8 R -.15 +(ve)-.15 G 2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398 +(nt line.).15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A +F0 2.898('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 304.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2 +(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219 +(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218 +(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089 (delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 316.8 R --.15(ve)-.25 G .089(nt line.).15 F(An)5.089 E F1(a)2.589 E F0 .089 -(may be used as a synon)2.589 F .089(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 328.8 Q F0 -(.)A F1(G)108 340.8 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 340.8 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s) -A F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 357.6 Q -(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .062 -(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 369.6 R .062(uiltin command documen\ -ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 -381.6 Q F0(accepts)2.534 E F1<adad>2.534 E F0 .034 -(to signify the end of the options.)2.534 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E F0 -(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E -F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .033(iltins do not accept options and) -.2 F 1.548(do not treat)108 393.6 R F1<adad>4.048 E F0(specially)4.048 E +-.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09 +(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 328.8 Q F0(.)A +F1(G)108 340.8 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 340.8 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 +2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 357.6 Q(UIL)-.11 E +(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 369.6 +R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\ +receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 381.6 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0 +.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E +F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E +F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and) +.2 F 1.549(do not treat)108 393.6 R F1<adad>4.049 E F0(specially)4.049 E 6.549(.T)-.65 G(he)-6.549 E F1(exit)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(logout)4.049 E F0 (,)A F1 -.18(re)4.049 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)4.049 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)4.049 E F0(,)A F1(let)4.049 E F0 4.049(,a)C(nd) --4.049 E F1(shift)4.049 E F0 -.2(bu)4.049 G 1.549(iltins accept and).2 F -.261(process ar)108 405.6 R .261(guments be)-.18 F .261(ginning with) --.15 F F1<ad>2.761 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.761 F F1<adad>2.761 E -F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .26(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .26 -(guments b)-.18 F .26(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 +-4.049 E F1(shift)4.048 E F0 -.2(bu)4.048 G 1.548(iltins accept and).2 F +.26(process ar)108 405.6 R .26(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F +F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261(without requiring)2.76 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261 +(.O)C .261(ther b)-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261 +(guments b)-.18 F .261(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154 (speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)108 417.6 R 1.154 (guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>3.654 E F0 1.154 (as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154(lid options and require).25 F F1 <adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108 429.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G (nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 447.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A -(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .452(No ef)144 459.6 R .452 +(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 459.6 R .451 (fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding) --.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)3.221 F -2.951(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.951 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 471.6 R +-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F +2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. The)144 471.6 R (return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 488.4 Q F2(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 500.4 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 @@ -6453,55 +6454,55 @@ F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02 .608(names in)144 536.4 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2 (\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in) --5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 548.4 -R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.333(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.333 E F0 .832 -(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832 -(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981 +-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 548.4 +R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832 +(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833 +(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982 (\214le is found in)144 560.4 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18 E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 -(iltin command is turned of).2 F .982(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 -572.4 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.363 F .112(If an)5.112 F +(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144 +572.4 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F (y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F 2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2 -(\214lename)144 584.4 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.196 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 +(\214lename)144 584.4 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197 (cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.) -4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F1<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.697(option is)4.197 F -(enabled,)144 596.4 Q F1(sour)3.618 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.118(inherits an) -3.618 F 3.618(yt)-.15 G 1.118(rap on)-3.618 F F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 +4.197 F 1.697(If the)6.697 F F1<ad54>4.197 E F0 1.696(option is)4.197 F +(enabled,)144 596.4 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an) +3.617 F 3.617(yt)-.15 G 1.117(rap on)-3.617 F F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118 -(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.617 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.117 -(trap string is sa)3.617 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.617(da).15 G(nd)-3.617 E .36 +(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118 +(trap string is sa)3.618 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.618(da).15 G(nd)-3.618 E .36 (restored around the call to)144 608.4 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86 (cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435 (not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 620.4 R F1(DEB)3.935 E (UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435 -(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.762 +(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763 (completes. The)144 632.4 R 1.262 -(return status is the status of the last command e)3.762 F 1.263 +(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262 (xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 644.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 661.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 673.2 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724 +(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 673.2 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724 (guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724 -(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E +(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.225 E F2(name)144 685.2 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58 (guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name) -3.08 E F0(whose)144 697.2 Q F2(value)2.509 E F0 .009(is gi)2.509 F -.15 +3.08 E F0(whose)144 697.2 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value) 2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009 -(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 +(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579 (tution when the alias is e)144 709.2 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579 (or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579 -(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079 -F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 721.2 R 1.314 +(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078 +F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 721.2 R 1.314 (alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314 -(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q (2016 May 29)148.175 E(53)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 54 54 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -6511,16 +6512,16 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E (which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bg) 108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E -.744(Resume each suspended job)144 112.8 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745 -(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E -F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 124.8 Q F0 .672 -(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) --3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 -(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418 +.745(Resume each suspended job)144 112.8 R F2(jobspec)3.245 E F0 .745 +(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E +F0 5.744(.I)C(f)-5.744 E F2(job-)4.984 E(spec)144 124.8 Q F0 .671 +(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the) +-3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1 +(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419 (when job control is disabled or)144 136.8 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419 -(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G -(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F2(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G -(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 148.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 +(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.918(ys)-.15 G +(peci\214ed)-2.918 E F2(jobspec)2.918 E F0 -.1(wa)2.918 G 2.918(sn).1 G +(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 148.8 Q(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1(bind)108 165.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2 @@ -6533,28 +6534,28 @@ G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 (function\255name)A F1(bind)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke) 2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C -(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 237.6 R F1 -.18(re) -2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.739 G 2.739(ya)-.05 G .239 -(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.739 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .238 -(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 .238(function or) -2.738 F .475(macro, or set a)144 249.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.975 G(adline).18 E -F0 -.25(va)2.975 G 2.975(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F -.476(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .476(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 -(.inputr)144 261.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.984(,b).31 G .484 -(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.184 F -.483(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 +(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 237.6 R F1 -.18(re) +2.738 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(ke)2.738 G 2.738(ya)-.05 G .239 +(nd function bindings, bind a k)-2.738 F .539 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .239 +(equence to a).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.739 G(adline).18 E F0 .239(function or) +2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 249.6 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E +F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F +.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2 +(.inputr)144 261.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484 +(ut each binding or command must be passed as a separate ar)-3.183 F +.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5 (re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 273.6 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6d>144 -285.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 297.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.158 G -(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.658(as the k)5.348 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) -.15 F 2.659(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.659 E -F2 -.1(ke)180 309.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.193(names are)5.883 F F2 3.193 -(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192 +285.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(Use)180 297.6 Q F2 -.1(ke)5.159 G +(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.659(as the k)5.349 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.658(map to be af) +.15 F 2.658(fected by the subsequent bindings.)-.25 F(Acceptable)7.658 E +F2 -.1(ke)180 309.6 S(ymap)-.2 E F0 3.192(names are)5.882 F F2 3.192 +(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.692 F 3.193 (d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E -(vi\255command)180 321.6 Q F0 4.113(,a)C(nd)-4.113 E F2(vi\255insert) -4.113 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.613 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.113 F -.25(va)-.25 G +(vi\255command)180 321.6 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert) +4.114 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)6.614 E F0 1.613(is equi)4.114 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A -(ve)-.1 E F0 1.614(is also a syn-)4.114 F(on)180 333.6 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 +(ve)-.1 E F0 1.613(is also a syn-)4.113 F(on)180 333.6 Q(ym\);)-.15 E F2 (emacs)2.5 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 (emacs\255standar)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 345.6 Q F0 (List the names of all)180 345.6 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0 @@ -6587,32 +6588,32 @@ F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(Remo)180 525.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .3 (shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 549.6 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve) -.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F -(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 561.6 Q F0 1.765(is e) -4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 +(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 561.6 Q F0 1.764(is e) +4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765 (riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 573.6 S(adline).18 E -F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 +F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3 (READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353 -(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180 -585.6 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 +(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180 +585.6 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011 (cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3 -(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 597.6 Q/F4 9 +(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 597.6 Q/F4 9 /Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G (alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 -609.6 Q F0 .829(List all k)180 609.6 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 +609.6 Q F0 .83(List all k)180 609.6 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829 (equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for) .15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 621.6 Q(The return v) 144 638.4 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15 (ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5 -E F1(br)108 655.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055 -(Exit from within a)144 667.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 -(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 +E F1(br)108 655.2 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054 +(Exit from within a)144 667.2 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1 +(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1 (select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055 (is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G -(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554 -E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 679.2 Q F2(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ - number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715 -(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 +(ls.).15 E F2(n)5.415 E F0 .055(must be)2.795 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.555 +E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 679.2 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\ + number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714 +(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144 691.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(54)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 55 55 @@ -6622,130 +6623,130 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.2(bu)108 84 S(iltin).2 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(shell\255b)2.5 E -(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 96 Q .793 -(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 +(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 96 Q .792 +(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2 (ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293 -F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615 +F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616 (when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144 108 -R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 120 R +R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144 120 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0 -.2(bu) 3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E 5.57(.T) -.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 132 Q(alse if)-.1 E F2 (shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E (uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr) -.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 160.8 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F +.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 160.8 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F 2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254 (ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F1(sour)144 172.8 Q -(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 -(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324 +.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 172.8 Q +(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2 +(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324 (displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F -.253(subroutine call.)144 184.8 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15 -G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 -F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254 -(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\ +.254(subroutine call.)144 184.8 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15 +G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15 +F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253 +(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\ tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\ -ent e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e) -144 208.8 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001 -(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame) -5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 220.8 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52 -(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519 -(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519 -(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 232.8 Q +ent e)144 196.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.328(cution call stack.).15 F .001 +(This e)144 208.8 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001 +(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E +3.019(0. The)144 220.8 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519 +(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52 +(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52 +(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 232.8 Q (alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 <ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2 -(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 261.6 R F2(dir) -2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F2(dir)2.821 E F0 .322 -(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.822 E F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is) --.25 F 1.036(the def)144 273.6 R 3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G -1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2 -(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable) --.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E -.849(the search path for the directory containing)144 285.6 R F2(dir) -3.349 E F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.35 E --.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F2(dir)144 297.6 -Q F0 5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 +(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 261.6 R F2(dir) +2.822 E F0 5.322(.i)C(f)-5.322 E F2(dir)2.822 E F0 .321 +(is not supplied, the v)2.822 F .321(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(HOME)2.821 E F0 .321(shell v)2.571 F .321(ariable is) +-.25 F 1.035(the def)144 273.6 R 3.535(ault. An)-.1 F 3.535(ya)-.15 G +1.035(dditional ar)-3.535 F 1.035(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F2 +(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)3.535 F 1.036(The v)6.035 F(ariable) +-.25 E F3(CDP)3.536 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.286 E .85 +(the search path for the directory containing)144 285.6 R F2(dir)3.35 E +F0 3.35(:e).73 G .849(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.349 E -.855 +(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .849(is searched for)3.099 F F2(dir)144 297.6 Q +F0 5.664(.A)C(lternati)-5.664 E .964 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665 (irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664 -(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 309.6 Q F3(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT) --.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F +.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .665 +(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 309.6 Q F3(CDP)4.163 E -.855(AT) +-.666 G(H).855 E F0 1.663(is the same as the current directory)3.913 F 4.162(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F1(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662 -(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663 +(.I).74 G(f)-6.662 E F2(dir)4.512 E F0(be)4.892 E 1.662 (gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 321.6 Q -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .191(is not used.)2.441 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 +G(H).855 E F0 .19(is not used.)2.44 F(The)5.191 E F1<ad50>2.691 E F0 .191(option causes)2.691 F F1(cd)2.691 E F0 .191(to use the ph)2.691 F -.19(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 +.191(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12 (symbolic links while tra)144 333.6 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F2(dir) 3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F2(..)3.62 E F0 (in)3.62 E F2(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F1<ad50>3.62 E F0 .395(option to the)144 345.6 R F1(set)2.895 E F0 -.2(bu)2.895 G .395 (iltin command\); the).2 F F1<ad4c>2.895 E F0 .395 (option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-) --.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 357.6 R F2 +-.25 F .444(ing the link after processing instances of)144 357.6 R F2 (..)2.943 E F0(in)2.943 E F2(dir)2.943 E F0 5.443(.I)C(f)-5.443 E F2(..) 2.943 E F0 .443(appears in)2.943 F F2(dir)2.943 E F0 2.943(,i)C 2.943 -(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)-2.944 F(ving)-.15 +(ti)-2.943 G 2.943(sp)-2.943 G .443(rocessed by remo)-2.943 F(ving)-.15 E .744(the immediately pre)144 369.6 R .744 (vious pathname component from)-.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744 (ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E -F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 381.6 R F1<ad65>3.965 E F0 1.465 -(option is supplied with)3.965 F F1<ad50>3.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 -(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466 -(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468 +F0(.)A 1.466(If the)144 381.6 R F1<ad65>3.966 E F0 1.466 +(option is supplied with)3.966 F F1<ad50>3.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465 +(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.465 +(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .467 (determined after a successful directory change,)144 393.6 R F1(cd)2.968 -E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems) -5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 405.6 R F1<ad40>2.836 E F0 .336 -(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337 +E F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .468(On systems) +5.468 F .337(that support it, the)144 405.6 R F1<ad40>2.837 E F0 .336 +(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .336 (utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar) 144 417.6 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15 (ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F F3($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71 (before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F -.106(empty directory name from)144 429.6 R F3(CDP)2.606 E -.855(AT)-.666 -G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F1<ad>2.607 E F0 .107 -(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F +.107(empty directory name from)144 429.6 R F3(CDP)2.607 E -.855(AT)-.666 +G(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.357 F F1<ad>2.607 E F0 .106 +(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .106(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F .038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 441.6 R 2.538 (ww)-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.) -2.638 F(The return v)144 453.6 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E (as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108 470.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 482.4 Q F2(command)2.764 E F0(with) -3.334 E F2(ar)2.894 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 -(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.834 F .065(Only b)5.065 -F .065(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 494.4 R -F3 -.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G +(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 482.4 Q F2(command)2.765 E F0(with) +3.335 E F2(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065 +(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064 +F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 494.4 R +F3 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi) -3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E -F0(is)3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 506.4 R .399(ault v)-.1 F -.399(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4 +3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.202 E +F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 506.4 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4 +(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399 (that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If) -5.4 E .175(either the)144 518.4 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76> -2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command) -2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174 -(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 530.4 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817 -(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1 -<ad56>144 542.4 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25 -(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) -2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249 -(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 554.4 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1 -(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005 +5.399 E .174(either the)144 518.4 R F1<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F1 +<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F2 +(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F1<ad76>2.675 E +F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 530.4 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F +.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo) +-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087 +F F1<ad56>144 542.4 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249 +(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or) +2.749 E F1<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25 +(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 554.4 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1 +(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004 (If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2 -(command)144.2 566.4 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599 -(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598 -(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 578.4 S +(command)144.2 566.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599 +(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599 +(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 578.4 S (iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1 (compgen)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d) --.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 607.2 R +-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 607.2 R F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513 -E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982 -(accepted by the)144 619.2 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 +E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981 +(accepted by the)144 619.2 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981 (iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and) -3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the) --3.481 F .13(standard output.)144 631.2 R .13(When using the)5.13 F F1 -<ad46>2.63 E F0(or)2.63 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)2.631 F -.131(arious shell v)-.25 F .131(ariables set by the program-)-.25 F -(mable completion f)144 643.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G +3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the) +-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 631.2 R .131(When using the)5.131 F +F1<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v) +2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25 +F(mable completion f)144 643.2 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G (ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 667.2 R .352 (ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\ @@ -6762,69 +6763,69 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C F1 -<ad6f>-3.729 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C -F1(\255DE)-3.729 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 -3.728(][)C F1<ad47>-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad57> --3.728 E F2(wor)3.728 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad46>-3.728 E F2 -(func-)3.728 E(tion)108 96 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E +SF(complete)108 84 Q F0([)3.728 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C F1 +<ad6f>-3.728 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C +F1(\255DE)-3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 +3.728(][)C F1<ad47>-3.728 E F2(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F1<ad57> +-3.729 E F2(wor)3.729 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F1<ad46>-3.729 E F2 +(func-)3.729 E(tion)108 96 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 108 Q F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50> -2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E <8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1 (complete \255pr)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 132 R 3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg) --3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.133 E F0 .633 -(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.134 E F0 -.634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14(options are supplied, e) +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 132 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg) +-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634 +(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133 E F0 +.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e) 144 144 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w) --.15 F .139(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 +-.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31 (reused as input.)144 156 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31 (option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31 (ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C -1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.347 +1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346 (are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 168 R(The)6.347 E F1 -<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.346(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 +<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 180 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144 192 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955 -(option indicates that)3.455 F .064 +(option indicates that)3.455 F .065 (the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 204 R(`empty') --.74 E 2.565('c)-.74 G .065(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.565 F -(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 216 Q 1.438 +-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F +(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 216 Q 1.437 (The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 -240 R 1.437(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 252 Q +240 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144 252 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E -F0(.)A .555(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 276 R .855 -.15(ve t) +F0(.)A .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 276 R .856 -.15(ve t) -.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F -.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.056 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.056 E F0 -3.056(,a)C(nd)-3.056 E F1<ad58>3.056 E F0 .723 -(options \(and, if necessary)144 288 R 3.223(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.223 E F1 -<ad50>3.223 E F0(and)3.223 E F1<ad53>3.223 E F0 .722 -(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.223 F(xpan-)-.15 E +.555(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 +3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722 +(options \(and, if necessary)144 288 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1 +<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723 +(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E (sion before the)144 300 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 312 Q F2 -(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 324 Q F2(comp-option)2.79 E F0 .291 +(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 324 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291 (controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec') .15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291 (yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 336 Q F2 (comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184 348 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 360 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 372 Q -F1(default)184 384 Q F0 2.875(Use readline')224 384 R 5.375(sd)-.55 G -(ef)-5.375 E 2.876 +F1(default)184 384 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 384 R 5.376(sd)-.55 G +(ef)-5.376 E 2.875 (ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.) 224 396 Q F1(dir)184 408 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\ etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 420 Q F1(\214lenames)184 432 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 444 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \ -\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.636<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.636 E +\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 456 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134 (dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45 (cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 468 R .45 (Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 480 Q F1(noquote) 184 492 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 492 S .814 (ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F -3.314(ya)-.15 G .815(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F +3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F (\214lenames is the def)224 504 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 516 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 516 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 528 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 528 S @@ -6832,7 +6833,7 @@ ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 528 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 528 S F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 540 Q F1 (plusdirs)184 552 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 552 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985 (atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F -.584(completion is attempted and an)224 564 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 +.583(completion is attempted and an)224 564 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584 (atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 576 Q F1<ad41>144 588 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0 (may be one of the follo)2.5 E @@ -6882,58 +6883,58 @@ E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 300 Q F0 (May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 348 S (riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 348 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F (also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 360 Q/F3 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 372 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555 -F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 +10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 372 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 +F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056 (vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.) -184 384 Q F1<ad46>144 396 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .114 +184 384 Q F1<ad46>144 396 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113 (The shell function)184 408 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614 -(vironment. When)-.4 F .113(the func-)2.613 F .816(tion is e)184 420 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .816(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .816(gument \()-.18 F F1 -($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .817 +(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 420 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1 +($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816 (he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407 (are being completed, the second ar)184 432 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1 ($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407 -(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 444 R .103 -(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w) --2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104 -(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 456 R -.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F --.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the) +(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 444 R .104 +(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w) +-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103 +(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 456 R +.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the) -.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 468 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E -F1<ad47>144 480 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007(The pathname e)184 492 R -1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F -1.008(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 504 Q +F1<ad47>144 480 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 492 R +1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F +1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 504 Q F1<ad50>144 516 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 528 Q(e\214x)-.37 E -F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534 +F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534 (ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 540 Q F1<ad53>144 552 Q F3(suf)2.5 E <8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 552 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0 (is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 564 Q F3(wor)2.5 E -(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 576 Q F3(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 -(is split using the characters in the)3.639 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.14 -(special v)3.39 F 1.14(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.008 -(each resultant w)184 588 R 2.008(ord is e)-.1 F 4.508(xpanded. The)-.15 -F 2.007(possible completions are the members of the)4.508 F +(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 576 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14 +(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139 +(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007 +(each resultant w)184 588 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15 +F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F (resultant list which match the w)184 600 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E -F1<ad58>144 612 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 624 Q F0 .455 -(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F -.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 +F1<ad58>144 612 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 624 Q F0 .456 +(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F +.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596 (completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 636 R 1.596 (guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 648 Q F3(\214lterpat) -3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704 -(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 -(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705 +3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704 +(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0 +(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704 (tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 660 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G (ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 676.8 R .467 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 676.8 R .466 (alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466 -(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0 -(or)2.966 E F1<ad72>2.966 E F0 .466(is sup-)2.966 F 1.361 -(plied without a)144 688.8 R F3(name)3.861 E F0(ar)3.861 E 1.361 -(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.662 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H -1.362(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 700.8 Q F0 +(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0 +(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362 +(plied without a)144 688.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361 +(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H +1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 700.8 Q F0 (for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(57)197.335 E 0 Cg EP @@ -6948,133 +6949,133 @@ SF(compopt)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option) 2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447 (Modify completion options for each)144 96 R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447 (according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0 .447 -(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .725 -(completion if no)144 108 R F2(name)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)C .725 -(re supplied.)-3.225 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) -C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .726 +(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726 +(completion if no)144 108 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726 +(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa) +C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725 (n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 120 Q F2(name) -3.224 E F0 .724(or the current completion.)3.224 F .724(The possible v) +3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v) 5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224 -F .723(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.223 E(plete)144 132 Q F0 -.2(bu) -2.797 G .297(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) +F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 132 Q F0 -.2(bu) +2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he) -5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297 (option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F -1.228(the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.728('c)-.74 G 1.228(omm\ +1.227(the `)144 144 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(omm\ and completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which no) --3.728 F 2.177(completion has pre)144 156 R 2.177 -(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F1<ad45>4.677 E F0 2.178 -(option indicates that the remaining options)4.678 F(should apply to `) +-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 156 R 2.178 +(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177 +(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `) 144 168 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G (ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5 -E 1.388(The return v)144 192 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.387 +E 1.387(The return v)144 192 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388 (lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F (options for a)144 204 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 (for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E (xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 220.8 Q F0([) -2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 232.8 R 1.753 +2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 232.8 R 1.754 (xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1 -(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.614 E F0 1.754 -(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 +(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753 +(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.709 E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3 10 /Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209 -(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513 +(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514 (loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 256.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.013('l)-.74 G .513(oop\) is resumed.)-3.013 F .514 -(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is) -3.014 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 268.8 Q F1(declar)108 285.6 +(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513 +(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is) +3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 268.8 Q F1(declar)108 285.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1 (typeset)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 <ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C -(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 309.6 R 1.265(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F -1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) +(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 309.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F +1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no) 3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F --.25(va)144 321.6 S 3.482(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982 -(option will display the attrib)3.482 F .982(utes and v)-.2 F .983 -(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.483 E F0 5.983(.W).18 G(hen)-5.983 E F1 -<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983(is used)3.483 F(with)144 333.6 Q F2(name)2.775 E -F0(ar)2.775 E .275(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 -<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .274 -(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.274 E F1<ad70>2.774 E F0 .274(is supplied) -2.774 F(without)144 345.6 Q F2(name)4.813 E F0(ar)4.813 E 2.313 -(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.314 -(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.314(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.314(ving the)-.2 F -(attrib)144 357.6 Q 1.182(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) --.2 F 1.181(If no other options are supplied with)6.182 F F1<ad70>3.681 -E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.681 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 +G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F +-.25(va)144 321.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983 +(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982 +(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1 +<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 333.6 Q F2(name)2.774 E +F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1 +<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275 +(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied) +2.775 F(without)144 345.6 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314 +(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313 +(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F +(attrib)144 357.6 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.) +-.2 F 1.182(If no other options are supplied with)6.181 F F1<ad70>3.682 +E F0(,)A F1(declar)3.682 E(e)-.18 E F0 .62(will display the attrib)144 369.6 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12 (ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62 -(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.291(to shell functions.)144 -381.6 R(The)6.291 E F1<ad46>3.791 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the displa\ -y of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 +(option will restrict the display)3.12 F 1.29(to shell functions.)144 +381.6 R(The)6.29 E F1<ad46>3.79 E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display \ +of function de\214nitions; only the function)3.791 F .948 (name and attrib)144 393.6 R .948(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the) 5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .948 (shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.69(\214le name and line number where each)144 405.6 R F2(name)4.19 E F0 1.69(is de\214ned are displayed as well.)4.19 F(The)6.69 E F1<ad46>4.19 E F0(option)4.19 E(implies)144 417.6 Q F1 -<ad66>3.891 E F0 6.391(.T)C(he)-6.391 E F1<ad67>3.891 E F0 1.391 -(option forces v)3.891 F 1.391 +<ad66>3.892 E F0 6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391 +(option forces v)3.892 F 1.391 (ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 429.6 Q F1(declar)4.383 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.883 -(is e)4.383 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.883(cuted in a shell function.).15 F -1.882(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.883 F 1.882(The follo)6.882 F -(wing)-.25 E .793(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 441.6 -R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .794(ute or to gi)-.2 -F 1.094 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 453.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E +(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 429.6 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0 1.882 +(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F +1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F +(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 441.6 +R .794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 +F 1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 453.6 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1<ad61>144 465.6 Q F0(Each)180 465.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1 (Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 477.6 Q F0(Each)180 477.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a) -.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 489.6 Q F0(Use function names only) -180 489.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 501.6 Q F0 .558(The v)180 501.6 R .558 +180 489.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 501.6 Q F0 .557(The v)180 501.6 R .558 (ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25 -(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557 +(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .558 (ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 513.6 Q F0(abo) 2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v) -2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 525.6 Q -F0 .909(When the v)180 525.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 +F0 .91(When the v)180 525.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909 (alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 -G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 537.6 R +G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 537.6 R (upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 549.6 -Q F0(Gi)180 549.6 Q 1.62 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.82 E F0 -(the)3.82 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 +Q F0(Gi)180 549.6 Q 1.619 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0 +(the)3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37 E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319 (ute, making it a name reference to another v)-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E -1.518(That other v)180 561.6 R 1.518(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 -F 1.519(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.019 E F0 6.519(.A)C 1.519 -(ll references, assignments, and)-6.519 F(attrib)180 573.6 Q .227 +1.519(That other v)180 561.6 R 1.519(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 +F 1.518(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)4.018 E F0 6.518(.A)C 1.518 +(ll references, assignments, and)-6.518 F(attrib)180 573.6 Q .226 (ute modi\214cations to)-.2 F F2(name)2.726 E F0 2.726(,e)C .226 (xcept those using or changing the)-2.876 F F1<ad6e>2.726 E F0(attrib) -2.726 E .226(ute itself, are)-.2 F .808(performed on the v)180 585.6 R -.808(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D -3.308(alue. The).3 F .809(nameref attrib)3.309 F .809(ute cannot be)-.2 +2.726 E .227(ute itself, are)-.2 F .809(performed on the v)180 585.6 R +.809(ariable referenced by)-.25 F F2(name)3.308 E F0 1.908 -.55('s v)D +3.308(alue. The).3 F .808(nameref attrib)3.308 F .808(ute cannot be)-.2 F(applied to array v)180 597.6 Q(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 609.6 Q F0 -(Mak)180 609.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E -7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F -2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 -621.6 Q F1<ad74>144 633.6 Q F0(Gi)180 633.6 Q .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) -.15 E F2(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) +(Mak)180 609.6 Q(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E +7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F +2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 +621.6 Q F1<ad74>144 633.6 Q F0(Gi)180 633.6 Q .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach) +.15 E F2(name)2.93 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib) 2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1 -(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0 +(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.929 E F1(RETURN)2.929 E F0 (traps from the calling shell.)180 645.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E (ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 -657.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)180 657.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 +657.6 Q F0 .909(When the v)180 657.6 R .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 -F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 669.6 +F -.15(ve)-.4 G .91(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 669.6 R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78> 144 681.6 Q F0(Mark)180 681.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E -(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12 -(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 698.4 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12 -(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121 -(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F -.645(to destro)144 710.4 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v) --3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) -3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144 -(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 722.4 Q F1 +(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .121 +(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 698.4 R 2.621(ft)-.25 G .121 +(he attrib)-2.621 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .12 +(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.62 E F0 .12(may not be used)2.62 F .644 +(to destro)144 710.4 R 3.144(ya)-.1 G 3.144(na)-3.144 G .644(rray v) +-3.144 F .644(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo) +3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.145 +(ute. When)-.2 F .645(used in a func-)3.145 F(tion,)144 722.4 Q F1 (declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835 E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 (local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335 @@ -7085,103 +7086,103 @@ E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335 BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.283 -(is supplied.)144 84 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283(ariable name is follo) +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.282 +(is supplied.)144 84 R 1.282(If a v)6.282 F 1.283(ariable name is follo) -.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(value)A F0 3.783 -(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282 -(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144 96 -R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F2<ad41>3.426 E F0 -.927(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927 +(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.283 +(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(value)3.783 E F0(.)A .927(When using)144 96 +R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.427 E F0(or)3.427 E F2<ad41>3.427 E F0 +.926(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.427 F .926 (ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 108 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2 F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592(ect until subsequent assignments.) .25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429 (option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using) -144 120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C -2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144 -132 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062 -(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062 +144 120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .428(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.928(,a)C +2.928(na)-2.928 G .428(ttempt is)-2.928 F .062(made to assign a v)144 +132 R .062(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .063 +(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .063 (alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102 (able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 144 R F2 (Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F -F1(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 156 S .172 +F1(names)2.602 E F0 .101(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 156 S .171 (lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 -F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171 +F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .172 (ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 168 R 3.46(fa) -.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96 (ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 180 Q (xistent function with)-.15 E F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F2 (dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 196.8 Q F1(n)A F2 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F2 -(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .329 +(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 208.8 S .328 (thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.) -.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 +.4 F .329(The def)5.329 F .329(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238 (single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 220.8 R 1.238 (Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F2(pushd)144 232.8 Q -F0 2.003(command; the)4.504 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) +F0 2.003(command; the)4.503 F F2(popd)4.503 E F0 2.003(command remo) 4.503 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.503(se).15 G 2.003(ntries from the list.)-4.503 F 2.003(The current directory is)7.003 F(al)144 244.8 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G (ys the \214rst directory in the stack.).1 E F2<ad63>144 256.8 Q F0 (Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)180 256.8 Q -F2<ad6c>144 268.8 Q F0 .881 -(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 268.8 R .882 +F2<ad6c>144 268.8 Q F0 .882 +(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)180 268.8 R .881 (ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180 280.8 Q(.)-.65 E F2<ad70>144 292.8 Q F0 (Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)180 292.8 Q F2<ad76> -144 304.8 Q F0 .273(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ -pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 304.8 R 2.772(xi)-.15 G 2.772 -(nt)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E(stack.)180 316.8 Q F2(+)144 328.8 Q F1(n)A F0 -1.564(Displays the)180 328.8 R F1(n)4.064 E F0 1.565 -(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.565(wn by)-.25 F F2 -(dirs)4.065 E F0 1.565(when in)4.065 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E +144 304.8 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, \ +pre\214xing each entry with its inde)180 304.8 R 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773 +(nt)-2.773 G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 316.8 Q F2(+)144 328.8 Q F1(n)A F0 +1.565(Displays the)180 328.8 R F1(n)4.065 E F0 1.565 +(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F2 +(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E (without options, starting with zero.)180 340.8 Q F2<ad>144 352.8 Q F1 (n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)180 352.8 R F1(n)3.694 E F0 1.194 (th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F F2(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E -(without options, starting with zero.)180 364.8 Q .257(The return v)144 +(without options, starting with zero.)180 364.8 Q .258(The return v)144 381.6 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258 (lid option is supplied or).25 F F1(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe) -.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-) .15 F(tory stack.)144 393.6 Q F2(diso)108 410.4 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F2 (\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)-2.5 E F0 -(... |)2.5 E F1(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 422.4 S .122 +(... |)2.5 E F1(pid)2.5 E F0(... ])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 422.4 S .121 (thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(jobspec) 4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H -2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .121(is not present, and)2.932 +2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096(neither the)144 434.4 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F1(curr)2.596 E .096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2 <ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each) -.15 F F1(jobspec)145.74 446.4 Q F0 .586(is not remo)3.396 F -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.086(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.086 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F -.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .585 +.15 F F1(jobspec)145.74 446.4 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15 +G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F +.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586 (is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 458.4 R -.15 (ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962 (If no)5.462 F F1(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2 <ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15 -H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.359(jobs; the)144 470.4 R F2 -<ad72>3.859 E F0 1.359(option without a)3.859 F F1(jobspec)5.599 E F0 -(ar)4.169 E 1.358(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F -1.358(The return)6.358 F -.25(va)144 482.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1 +H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 470.4 R F2 +<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F1(jobspec)5.598 E F0 +(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F +1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 482.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1 (jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E F2(echo)108 499.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g) --.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .424(Output the)144 511.2 R F1(ar)2.924 E(g)-.37 E +-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 511.2 R F1(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924 -(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308 -(error occurs.)144 523.2 R(If)5.308 E F2<ad6e>2.808 E F0 .308 -(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.808 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 -F .307(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>2.807 E F0 .307(option is gi)2.807 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G .307(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.348(pretation of the follo)144 +(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307 +(error occurs.)144 523.2 R(If)5.307 E F2<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307 +(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25 +F .308(If the)5.308 F F2<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144 535.2 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The) -6.348 E F2<ad45>3.849 E F0 1.349(option disables the)3.849 F 1.055 +6.348 E F2<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054 (interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 547.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.554 -(ya)-.15 G 1.054(re interpreted by def)-3.554 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 -559.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.458 E F0 .959 -(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.458 -F F2(echo)3.459 E F0 -.15(ex)3.459 G(pands).15 E .716 -(these escape characters by def)144 571.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.716 E -F0 .716(does not interpret)3.216 F F2<adad>3.216 E F0 .715 -(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.715 E F0 +3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555 +(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144 +559.2 Q F2(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959 +(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459 +F F2(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715 +(these escape characters by def)144 571.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.715 E +F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F2<adad>3.216 E F0 .716 +(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F2(echo)5.716 E F0 (interprets the follo)144 583.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a) 144 595.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 595.2 Q F2(\\b)144 607.2 Q F0 (backspace)180 607.2 Q F2(\\c)144 619.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180 @@ -7204,146 +7205,146 @@ SF(\\0)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0 (\\x)144 96 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 96 Q (alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0 (\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1 -(\\u)144 108 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.506 -(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 120 R 1.507 -(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) -4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 132 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 -(\\U)144 144 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548 +(\\u)144 108 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507 +(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 120 R 1.506 +(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH) +4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 132 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1 +(\\U)144 144 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547 (the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 156 R .547 -(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) -3.047 E(HHH)180 168 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) +(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-) +3.048 E(HHH)180 168 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\)) -2.5 E F1(enable)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1 (\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5 -(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 196.8 R +(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 196.8 R .278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278 -(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834 +(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833 (the same name as a shell b)144 208.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.333(nt).15 G(hough)-3.333 E .989 +(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99 (the shell normally searches for b)144 220.8 R .989 -(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .99 -(is used, each)3.49 F F2(name)3.49 E F0 .99(is dis-)3.49 F 1.582 +(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989 +(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581 (abled; otherwise,)144 232.8 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.) 4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF -.666(PA)4.081 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .08(instead of the shell b)144 244.8 R -.08(uiltin v)-.2 F .08(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 -(enable -n test)2.58 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.581 E F0 .081 -(option means to load the ne)2.581 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 256.8 S 1.525 -(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F +SF -.666(PA)4.082 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 244.8 +R .081(uiltin v)-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .081 +(enable -n test)2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08 +(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 256.8 S 1.524 +(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524 (ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 268.8 Q F1<ad64> -2.866 E F0 .366(option will delete a b)2.866 F .366(uiltin pre)-.2 F -.366(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.867 E F0 5.367(.I)C 2.867(fn) --5.367 G(o)-2.867 E F2(name)2.867 E F0(ar)2.867 E .367(guments are gi) --.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .367(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 280.8 R F1<ad70> -2.899 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 +2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F +.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn) +-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi) +-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 280.8 R F1<ad70> +2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399 (uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4 -F .398(guments, the)-.18 F .098(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 +F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144 292.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098 -(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .099(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F -(If)5.099 E F1<ad61>2.599 E F0 1.917 +(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F +(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916 (is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 304.8 R 1.916 -(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.878 -(enabled. If)144 316.8 R F1<ad73>2.878 E F0 .379 -(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.878 F F2(special) -2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.879 G 2.879(iltins. The).2 F .379(return v)2.879 F -(alue)-.25 E .995(is 0 unless a)144 328.8 R F2(name)3.855 E F0 .994 -(is not a shell b)3.675 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) --.2 F 3.494(wb)-.25 G .994(uiltin from a shared)-3.694 F(object.)144 +(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879 +(enabled. If)144 316.8 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379 +(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special) +2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F +(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 328.8 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994 +(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne) +-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144 340.8 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 357.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 -E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 369.6 Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671 -(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671 -(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 +E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 369.6 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C +.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F +.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 381.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 +G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495 (xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15 (ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no) -2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 393.6 Q (guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1 (exec)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2 (name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments) --.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 422.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305 -(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 -(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E -(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 434.4 R .177 +-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 422.4 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306 +(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805 +(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E +(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 434.4 R .176 (guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G (he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176 -(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176 -(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 446.4 R .499(gument passed to) --.18 F F2(command)2.999 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2 -(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0 -.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 458.4 Q F0 .639(to be e) -3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 +(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177 +(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 446.4 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 +F F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 +E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 +.499(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 458.4 Q F0 .638 +(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138 (vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638 -(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the) -3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 470.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 +(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the) +3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 470.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15 (xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a) -.15 F(non-interacti)144 482.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F -.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577 -(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577 +.15 F(non-interacti)144 482.4 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F +.576(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577 +(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 494.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s) -.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e) -.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005 -(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 506.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537 -(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 +(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 506.4 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536 +(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536 (ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536 (If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 518.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G (he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 535.2 R .095(xit with a status of) --.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096 -(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command) +(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 535.2 R .096(xit with a status of) +-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095 +(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command) -.15 F -.15(exe)144 547.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 564 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 576 Q F0 -.257(The supplied)144 588 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F +.256(The supplied)144 588 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257 -(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626 -(commands. If)144 600 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127 +(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627 +(commands. If)144 600 R(the)2.627 E F1<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127 (option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E -F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> -144 612 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F +F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70> +144 612 Q F0 .048(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1 -<ad6e>2.547 E F0 .047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 624 S 1.446 +<ad6e>2.548 E F0 .048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 624 S 1.447 (port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447 (rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G 1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d) --.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 636 S .742(lue of the v).25 -F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 -(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741 -(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is) -.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 648 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031 -(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 -F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0 -(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 660 Q F1(fc)108 676.8 Q F0([)2.5 E +-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 636 S .741(lue of the v).25 +F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1 +(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742 +(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is) +.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 648 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032 +(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25 +F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0 +(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 660 Q F1(fc)108 676.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 <8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 688.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2 -(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432 +(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431 (The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 700.8 R F2<8c72> -4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431 -(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144 -712.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) +4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432 +(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144 +712.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs) .45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141 (may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be) -144 724.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde) --.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F --.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +144 724.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 +F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05 +(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(60)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 61 61 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .314 -(is used as an of)144 84 R .314(fset from the current command number\).) --.25 F(If)5.314 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(last)2.905 E F0 .315 -(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F(-)-.2 E .949 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .315 +(is used as an of)144 84 R .315(fset from the current command number\).) +-.25 F(If)5.315 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(last)2.904 E F0 .314 +(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.494 F(-)-.2 E .948 (rent command for listing \(so that)144 96 R/F2 10/Courier@0 SF .948 (fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to) -3.448 F F1<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) +3.448 F F1<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If) 144 108 R F1<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0 (is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E (vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 132 Q @@ -7353,113 +7354,113 @@ F3<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022 (rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 144 R .438(If the)5.438 F F3<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438 (n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E -.334(the editor gi)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.834(nb).15 G(y)-2.834 E F1 -(ename)3.024 E F0 .335(is in)3.014 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) +.335(the editor gi)144 156 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F1 +(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835(do) .1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F -(If)5.335 E F1(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -(n,).15 E .631(the v)144 168 R .631(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 -SF(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 -F .631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4 -(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63(is not set.)2.88 F .63(If nei-)5.63 F .95(ther v) -144 180 R .95(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.116 E F0 .95(is used.)5.116 -F .951(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.95 -F -.15(exe)144 192 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 216 R F1 +(If)5.334 E F1(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 168 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 +SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F +.631(alue of)-.25 F F4(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F4(FCEDIT) +3.131 E F0 .631(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 +180 R .951(ariable is set,)-.25 F F1(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F +.95(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F +-.15(exe)144 192 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 216 R F1 (command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 (cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788 -(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.788 -E(mand)144 228 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F1<8c72>2.847 +(is replaced by)3.288 F F1 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F1(Com-)5.789 +E(mand)144 228 Q F0 .347(is intepreted the same as)2.847 F F1<8c72>2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347 -(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F2 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 -2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 240 Q F2 7.166(rc) -3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166 -(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F2(r) -3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F +(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F2 .346(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0 +2.846(,s)C 2.846(ot)-2.846 G(hat)-2.846 E(typing)144 240 Q F2 7.165(rc) +3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166 +(ginning with)-.15 F F2(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F2(r) +3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F (mand.)144 252 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 276 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142 (lid option is encountered or).25 F F1<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322 -E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 288 R +E F1(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 288 R .454(If the)5.454 F F3<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454 -(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454 -(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787 -(cuted or f).15 F .788 +(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455 +(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788 +(cuted or f).15 F .787 (ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F -.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136 +.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135 (second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 -312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135 -(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 324 Q +312 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136 +(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 324 Q (alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F3(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E (ailure.)-.1 E F3(fg)108 340.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume) -144 352.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413 +144 352.8 Q F1(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413 (ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413 (he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0 -1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 364.8 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G -.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F1(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 -(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616 +1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 364.8 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G +.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F1(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617 +(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617 (alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 376.8 Q -.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362 -(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363 +.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363 +(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362 (hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 388.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job or)-.25 E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0 (speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E F3(getopts)108 405.6 Q F1(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs) -.37 E F0(])A F3(getopts)144 417.6 Q F0 .793 -(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1 -(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149 -(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 429.6 R .15 -(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45 --.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 441.6 Q .579 -(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578 +(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F1 +(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15 +(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 429.6 R .149 +(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449 +-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 441.6 Q .578 +(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579 (The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665 (acters may not be used as option characters.)144 453.6 R 1.665 (Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F3(getopts) -4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797 -(option in the shell v)144 465.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.297 E F0 -3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 -(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G -3.296(ft)-3.296 G .796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .085 +4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796 +(option in the shell v)144 465.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)3.296 E F0 +3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F1(name)3.657 E F0 .797 +(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G +3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .085 (gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085 -(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846 +(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845 (or a shell script is in)144 489.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345 (d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F3 -(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803 -(into the v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A -F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804 -(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294 +(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804 +(into the v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A +F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F4(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803 +(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293 (reset between multiple calls to)144 513.6 R F3(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293 (within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F -2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 525.6 -Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 549.6 R F3(getopts) -4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044 +2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 525.6 +Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 549.6 R F3(getopts) +4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043 (alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 561.6 Q F0 (is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G (he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 -(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 585.6 Q F0 2.393 -(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392 -(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892 -(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F1(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 -597.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 1.165 -(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F -1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166 -(is a colon,)3.886 F F1(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071 +(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 585.6 Q F0 2.392 +(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392 +(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893 +(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F1(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F3(getopts)144 +597.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 1.166 +(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F +1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165 +(is a colon,)3.885 F F1(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07 (reporting is used.)144 633.6 R 1.071 -(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F --.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 645.6 -R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable) --.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F -(will be displayed, e)144 657.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft) --2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F1(optstring)2.73 E F0 -(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 681.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667 -(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into) -3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666 -(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144 -693.6 R F4(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 -E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 -(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F -(diagnostic message is printed.)144 705.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 -729.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 -1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.741 -(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F +-.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 +645.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F +(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394 +(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 657.6 Q +-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E +F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .666(If an in)144 681.6 R +-.25(va)-.4 G .666(lid option is seen,).25 F F3(getopts)3.166 E F0 .667 +(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .667 +(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .4(and unsets)144 +693.6 R F4(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F3(getopts)2.899 E +F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4 +(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F +(diagnostic message is printed.)144 705.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 +729.6 R 1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F3(getopts)3.741 E F0 +1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742 +(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(61)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 62 62 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7468,14 +7469,14 @@ BP /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10 /Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144 84 Q F0(,).18 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPT) -2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 -(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E/F3 10 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \() +2.735 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234 +(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.485 F(If)5.234 E/F3 10 +/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)2.734 E F0 .234(is silent, then a colon \() 2.734 F F3(:).833 E F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 96 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0 (and)2.68 E F2(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 (is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3(getopts)144 120 Q F0 .902(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.) -3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F +3.401 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .902(alse if the end of)-.1 F (options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 132 Q F3(hash)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858 @@ -7484,35 +7485,35 @@ G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name) 3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956 (the directories in)144 172.8 R F3($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 .956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956 -(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 184.8 -R F3<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243 -(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1 -(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712 -(of the command.)144 196.8 R(The)6.712 E F3<ad72>4.212 E F0 1.711 -(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711 -(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F3<ad64>4.211 E F0 +(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 184.8 +R F3<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243 +(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F1 +(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .242(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.711 +(of the command.)144 196.8 R(The)6.711 E F3<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711 +(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712 +(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F3<ad64>4.212 E F0 .833(option causes the shell to for)144 208.8 R .833 (get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F1(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I) C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F3<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-) -3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 220.8 R F1(name) -3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F -F1(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 +3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 220.8 R F1(name) +3.204 E F0 .704(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .704(If multiple)5.704 F +F1(name)3.204 E F0(ar)3.204 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144 232.8 R F3<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F1(name)3.295 E F0 .795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F3 <ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934 (output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 -244.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 256.8 Q F3<ad6c>2.821 E F0 .321 -(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F -.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 268.8 Q F1(name)2.86 +244.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .935(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +.935(n, or if).15 F(only)144 256.8 Q F3<ad6c>2.822 E F0 .322 +(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.822 F +.321(The return status is true)5.321 F(unless a)144 268.8 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.) .25 E F3(help)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F1 -(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144 +(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .866(Display helpful information about b)144 297.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F1(pattern)4.617 E F0 -.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25 -G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144 -309.6 R F1(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 -(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307 +.867(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F3(help)3.367 E F0(gi)3.367 E -.15(ve)-.25 +G 3.367(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.367 E .307(help on all commands matching)144 +309.6 R F1(pattern)2.807 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307 +(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .306 (uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 321.6 Q F3 <ad64>144 333.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 333.6 Q F1 (pattern)2.5 E F3<ad6d>144 345.6 Q F0(Display the description of each) @@ -7528,13 +7529,13 @@ F3(history \255p)108 439.2 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5 -.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 463.2 S .752 (th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F -.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F -F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 +.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F3(*)3.252 E F0(ha)3.252 E -.15(ve)-.2 +G .381(been modi\214ed.)144 475.2 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 +F F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(HISTTIMEFOR-) -2.881 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265 -(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F1 -(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019 +2.88 E(MA)144 487.2 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264 +(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.514 F F1 +(strftime)2.765 E F0 .265(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.02 (ciated with each displayed history entry)144 499.2 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G 3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019 (ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176 @@ -7547,32 +7548,32 @@ F1(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F1(n)3.24 E F0 2.88 (Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 535.2 Q F3 <ad64>144 547.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 (Delete the history entry at position)180 559.2 Q F1(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 -E F0(.)A F3<ad61>144 571.2 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 571.2 R(`ne)-.74 E -(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.) --3.064 F .565(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 +E F0(.)A F3<ad61>144 571.2 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 571.2 R(`ne)-.74 E +(w')-.25 E 3.065('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.) +-3.065 F .564(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 583.2 Q(ginning of the current)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E (ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F3<ad6e>144 595.2 Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\ -le into the current history list.)180 595.2 R .772 +le into the current history list.)180 595.2 R .773 (These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 607.2 R -.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E +.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F3(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E (sion.)180 619.2 Q F3<ad72>144 631.2 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\ ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 631.2 Q F3 <ad77>144 643.2 Q F0 (Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 643.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G -(ontents.)-2.5 E F3<ad70>144 655.2 Q F0 .626 +(ontents.)-2.5 E F3<ad70>144 655.2 Q F0 .625 (Perform history substitution on the follo)180 655.2 R(wing)-.25 E F1 -(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard) +(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard) 3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 667.2 R .475 (not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F1(ar) 2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F (normal history e)180 679.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F3<ad73>144 691.2 Q F0 -.363(Store the)180 691.2 R F1(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 -(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362 +.362(Store the)180 691.2 R F1(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363 +(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363 (he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 703.2 Q -.15 (ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F1(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0 -(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 720 R F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) +(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 720 R F2(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T) -.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145 (riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history) .25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(62)197.335 E 0 Cg EP @@ -7581,21 +7582,21 @@ ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 631.2 Q F3 BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .669 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .668 (entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 84 R .669 -(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668 -(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956 -(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956 -(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796 +(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669 +(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956 +(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955 +(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795 (are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 108 R 1.795 (wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F -1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\ +1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\ tion is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the histo\ ry \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(of)144 132 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031 +(of)144 132 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031 (gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531 (rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031 -(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad70>3.531 +(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad70>3.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 144 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 (\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108 172.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E @@ -7603,21 +7604,21 @@ E F0 -.1(fa)144 144 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 (obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 196.8 Q F0 (List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 196.8 Q F2 -<ad6e>144 208.8 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha) -180 208.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 -F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 220.8 Q F2<ad70> +<ad6e>144 208.8 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha) +180 208.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 +F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 220.8 Q F2<ad70> 144 232.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 232.8 Q 2.5(sp) -.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad72>144 244.8 Q F0 (Display only running jobs.)180 244.8 Q F2<ad73>144 256.8 Q F0 -(Display only stopped jobs.)180 256.8 Q(If)144 273.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.554 -E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314 -(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T) --.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 +(Display only stopped jobs.)180 256.8 Q(If)144 273.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.553 +E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313 +(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T) +-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25 (va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 -E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 302.4 R F2 -<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 +E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 302.4 R F2 +<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in) -3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395 +3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394 (with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar) 2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E @@ -7625,58 +7626,58 @@ F2(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2 <ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5 (][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2 (kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0(|)A F2<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|) -2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12 -(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F1(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1 -(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E -F0(or)3.389 E F1(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is) -2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H -.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 -.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319 -(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0 -1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) +2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119 +(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F1(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E +F1(signum)2.959 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.87 +E F0(or)3.39 E F1(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 +E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319 +(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318 +(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318 +(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F1(signum)4.188 E F0 +1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec) 4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0 -1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .522(gument of)-.18 +1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F F2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an) 5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when) .18 F F2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523 (n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2 R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E -F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F -F2<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378 -(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378 -(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 +F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F +F2<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378 +(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377 +(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 427.2 R(The)5.962 E F2<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va) -.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F2<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962 (returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E (successfully sent, or f)144 439.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in) -.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 456 Q F1 (ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 -468 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197 -(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197 -(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) -2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 480 Q F1(ar)2.83 +468 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197 +(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196 +(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo) +2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 480 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0 (returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C (.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he) --5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.152(yo) --.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar) -3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653 +-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.153(yo) +-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar) +3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652 (is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144 -532.8 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H +532.8 Q F1(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -(If)5.421 E F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461 +(If)5.422 E F1(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461 (of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 544.8 R F2 -(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462 -(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 556.8 R F2(set)4.063 -E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563 -(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562 -(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 568.8 R 1.243 -(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.743 E F0 1.243 -(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244 -(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42 +(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461 +(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 556.8 R F2(set)4.062 +E F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563 +(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563 +(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 568.8 R 1.244 +(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.744 E F0 1.244 +(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243 +(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42 (error to use)144 580.8 R F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42 (when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless) 5.42 F F2(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in) @@ -7694,14 +7695,14 @@ F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E (count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1 (fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][) C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(])A .35(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 650.4 R +(])A .351(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1 -(arr)2.851 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351 -(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 662.4 -R F2<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 -F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 -E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,) --6.248 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E +(arr)2.85 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35 +(rom \214le descriptor)-2.85 F F1(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 662.4 R +F2<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F +(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 +E F1(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,) +-6.249 F(ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E (wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad64>144 686.4 Q F0(The \214rst character of) 180 686.4 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 @@ -7728,33 +7729,33 @@ SF<ad73>144 84 Q F0(Discard the \214rst)180 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0 (option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 132 Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 132 Q F2 -(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 148.8 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467 +(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 148.8 Q F1<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467 (is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467 (he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2 (callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467 -(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 160.8 R 2.762(xo)-.15 -G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\ -igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .274 -(as additional ar)144 172.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E -F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 -(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275 +(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 160.8 R 2.761(xo)-.15 +G 2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be ass\ +igned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275 +(as additional ar)144 172.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E +F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274 +(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274 (ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 184.8 Q (If not supplied with an e)144 201.6 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F1 (map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 -(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 218.4 Q F0 1.906 -(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 -(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) -4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 230.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G +(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F1(map\214le)144 218.4 Q F0 1.905 +(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905 +(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr) +4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 230.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G (lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F2(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0 (is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E F1(popd)108 247.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799 -(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G -.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 -G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144 -271.2 R F1(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 -(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478 -(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15 +2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se) +.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299 +(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G +.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144 +271.2 R F1(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479 +(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479 +(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 283.2 Q F1<ad6e>144 295.2 Q F0 .551 (Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)180 295.2 R .551 (ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F @@ -7765,72 +7766,72 @@ F F1(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180 331.2 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,) -.65 E F3(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 343.2 Q F2(n)A F0 -(Remo)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E -F0 1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by) --.25 F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5 +(Remo)180 343.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F2(n)3.76 E F0 +1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by) +-.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5 (zero. F)180 355.2 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F3(popd -0)2.5 E F0 (remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65 -E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 -372 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs) -3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 -F F1(popd)5.643 E F0 .415(returns f)144 384 R .415(alse if an in)-.1 F +E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144 +372 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F1(dirs) +3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 +F F1(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 384 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415 -(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916 -(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F +(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915 +(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F (tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 396 Q (ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 412.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0 -(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437 -(Write the formatted)144 424.8 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 -(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936 -E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F1<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126 +(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436 +(Write the formatted)144 424.8 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437 +(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937 +E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126 (option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 436.8 R(ariable) -.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard) -2.626 F(output.)144 448.8 Q(The)144 472.8 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\ +2.626 F(output.)144 448.8 Q(The)144 472.8 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\ s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\ -cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ -er escape sequences, which are con)144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704 +cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\ +er escape sequences, which are con)144 484.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703 (rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\ -\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 496.8 R .036 +\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 496.8 R .037 (xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 508.8 Q(gument)-.37 E F0 -5.531(.I)C 3.031(na)-5.531 G .531(ddition to the standard)-3.031 F F2 -(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032 -E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 520.8 Q +5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2 +(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031 +E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 520.8 Q (xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 532.8 Q F0(causes)180 532.8 Q F1(printf) -2.596 E F0 .096(to e)2.596 F .096 +2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096 (xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar) -2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .095(in the)2.595 F(same w)180 544.8 Q(ay as) +2.596 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .096(in the)2.596 F(same w)180 544.8 Q(ay as) -.1 E F1(echo \255e)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%q)144 556.8 Q F0(causes)180 556.8 Q F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E (gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F (input.)180 568.8 Q F1(%\()144 580.8 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0(causes) -180 592.8 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904 -(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt) -4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 604.8 R F2 +180 592.8 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904 +(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt) +4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 604.8 R F2 (strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar) 2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381 -(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180 +(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180 616.8 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F -.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847 +.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .848 (current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 628.8 R .847 -(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348 -F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 640.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 -G .355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G -2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354 -(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 652.8 Q -(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 669.6 Q .463(guments to non-string format s\ -peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464 -(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 681.6 +(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.347(d. If).1 F .847(no ar)3.347 +F .847(gument is speci-)-.18 F .354(\214ed, con)180 640.8 R -.15(ve)-.4 +G .354(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.854(sa).15 G 2.854(si)-2.854 G +2.854(f-)-2.854 G 2.854(1h)-2.854 G .354(ad been gi)-2.854 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .355(is an e)2.854 F .355 +(xception to the usual)-.15 F F1(printf)2.855 E F0(beha)180 652.8 Q +(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 669.6 Q .464(guments to non-string format s\ +peci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463 +(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 681.6 R 1.259 (wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v) --.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 693.6 Q(alue of the follo) --.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 710.4 Q F2(format)3.423 E -F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 +-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 693.6 Q(alue of the follo) +-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 710.4 Q F2(format)3.424 E +F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format) -3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 722.4 Q(guments)-.37 E -F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033 +3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 722.4 Q(guments)-.37 E +F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033 (xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si) -.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,) +.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,) -.25 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(64)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 65 65 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -7843,158 +7844,158 @@ BP /Times-Bold@0 SF(pushd)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+) -2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0 -(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotate\ -s the stack, making the ne)144 124.8 R 3.14(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the) --3.14 F .417(stack the current w)144 136.8 R .416(orking directory)-.1 F -5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E -F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G -(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625 +(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\ + the stack, making the ne)144 124.8 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the) +-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 136.8 R .416(orking directory)-.1 +F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 +E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G +(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625 (and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 148.8 R 6.625 (.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 160.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 172.8 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory \ when rotating or adding directories to the)180 172.8 R (stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 184.8 Q F1(+)144 -196.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 196.8 R F2(n) -3.767 E F0 1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B -1.268(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 208.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C +196.8 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 196.8 R F2(n) +3.768 E F0 1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B +1.267(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 208.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C (tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 220.8 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)180 220.8 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92 (th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 232.8 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.) --2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 244.8 Q F0(Adds)180 244.8 Q F2(dir)3.137 E F0 .287 -(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc) --.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F +-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 244.8 Q F0(Adds)180 244.8 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288 +(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc) +-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F (if it had been supplied as the ar)180 256.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1 -(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 273.6 R F1(pushd) -2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 -(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F -F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F2(dir) -3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,) --.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847 -(stack is empty)144 297.6 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\ +(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 273.6 R F1(pushd) +2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488 +(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F +F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F2(dir) +3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 +F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846 +(stack is empty)144 297.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the) -.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 -E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844 +E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845 (Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 338.4 R .845 -(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845 -(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144 +(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844 +(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144 350.4 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1 -(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263 -(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763 -(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263 -F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ +(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264 +(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763 +(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264 +F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 374.4 R -.25(va) -.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 386.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108 403.2 S -(ad).18 E F0([)3.816 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad61>-3.816 E F2 -(aname)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad64>-3.816 E F2(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816 -(][)C F1<ad69>-3.816 E F2(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad6e> --3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.817 E -F2(nc)3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad70>-3.817 E F2(pr) -3.817 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad74>-3.817 E F2(timeout)3.817 E F0 -3.817(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 415.2 Q F2(name)A +(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E F2 +(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817 +(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e> +-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E +F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr) +3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 +3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 415.2 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\ e \214le descriptor)144 427.2 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar) -3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 439.2 Q F1<ad75>3.847 E F0 1.347 -(option, split into w)3.847 F 1.347(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.648 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.848 G 1.348(rd Splitting).75 F -F0 3.848(,a)C 1.348(nd the \214rst w)-3.848 F 1.348(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 +3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 439.2 Q F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348 +(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F +F0 3.847(,a)C 1.347(nd the \214rst w)-3.847 F 1.347(ord is)-.1 F 1.465 (assigned to the \214rst)144 451.2 R F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,t).18 G 1.465(he second w)-3.965 F 1.465(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.965 E F0 3.965(,a).18 G 1.465(nd so on.)-3.965 F 1.465(If there are more)6.465 F -.1(wo)144 463.2 S 1.112(rds than names, the remaining w).1 F 1.112 (ords and their interv)-.1 F 1.112 (ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 475.2 Q F0 -5.723(.I).18 G 3.223(ft)-5.723 G .723(here are fe)-3.223 F .723(wer w) --.25 F .722 +5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w) +-.25 F .723 (ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1 -F .531(assigned empty v)144 487.2 R 3.031(alues. The)-.25 F .531 -(characters in)3.031 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.031 E F0 .532 -(are used to split the line into w)2.781 F .532(ords using the same)-.1 +F .532(assigned empty v)144 487.2 R 3.032(alues. The)-.25 F .532 +(characters in)3.032 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.032 E F0 .531 +(are used to split the line into w)2.782 F .531(ords using the same)-.1 F .197(rules the shell uses for e)144 499.2 R .197 (xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 --.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .196 -(backslash charac-)2.697 F .156(ter \()144 511.2 R F1(\\)A F0 2.656(\)m) -C .156(ay be used to remo)-2.656 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) -.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .157 +-.75(Wo)2.697 G .197(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.697(\). The)B .197 +(backslash charac-)2.697 F .157(ter \()144 511.2 R F1(\\)A F0 2.657(\)m) +C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s) +.15 H .157(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .156 (xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144 523.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 535.2 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w) -180 547.2 R 1.049 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 535.2 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049 +(The w)180 547.2 R 1.049 (ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable) --.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F -F2(aname)180.33 559.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 --.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 -(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 571.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E -F0(The \214rst character of)180 583.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +-.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2 +(aname)180.33 559.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25 +(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 +E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 571.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 +(The \214rst character of)180 583.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0 (is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E -F1<ad65>144 595.2 Q F0 .372 +F1<ad65>144 595.2 Q F0 .373 (If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 595.2 R F1 -.18 -(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo) -2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E +(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo) +2.622 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 607.2 R .218 (Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218 (ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E (acti)180 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1<ad69>144 631.2 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)180 631.2 Q F1 -.18(re) -2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2 +2.716 G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2 (te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 -E .216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 643.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e> +E .215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 643.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e> 144 655.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 667.2 S(ad).18 -E F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 -E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394 +E F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 +E F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395 (aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 679.2 Q (ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1 <ad4e>144 691.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 703.2 S -(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) +(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc) 3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F -1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275 +1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274 (line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 715.2 R F1 -.18(re) -2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274 -(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002 +2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275 +(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003 (tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 727.2 -R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc) -3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 +R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc) +3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(65)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 66 66 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .609 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .608 (characters are read.)180 84 R .608 -(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(IFS)3.108 E F0 3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25 -(va)180 96 S .669(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 -(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67 +(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 +SF(IFS)3.108 E F0 3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25 +(va)180 96 S .67(riable is assigned e).25 F .669 +(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669 (xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 108 Q F0(option belo) 2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E -(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 132 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 -(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) +(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 132 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161 +(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne) -3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 144 Q 2.5 (yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F (prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1 -<ad72>144 156 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character) -180 156 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of) +<ad72>144 156 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character) +180 156 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of) -5.543 F(the line.)180 168 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G (ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.) -.25 E F1<ad73>144 180 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 180 Q (If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1 -<ad74>144 192 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 204 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G -(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428 -(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56 +<ad74>144 192 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 204 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G +(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428 +(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561 (ber of characters\) is not read within)180 216 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0 -(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number) +(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number) 3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 228 Q (wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\ g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 -240 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 252 R .59 -(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 -(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 -G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589 +240 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 252 R .589 +(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589 +(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve) +-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59 (artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 264 S(riable) .25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27 (is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 @@ -8004,42 +8005,42 @@ F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G .25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 288 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e) .15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0 -(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476 -(If no)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476 -(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A -F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773 -(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 328.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad) -.18 E F0 .772 -(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F +(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477 +(If no)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477 +(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772 +(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 328.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad) +.18 E F0 .773 +(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F -.25(va)144 340.8 S 2.004 -(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005 -(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F +(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004 +(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F (descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 352.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75> 2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 369.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A (d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 381.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G (n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v) -.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77 -(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 393.6 R -1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097 -(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2 -(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 405.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) +(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 393.6 R +1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097 +(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2 +(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 405.6 Q 3.334(ed. The) -.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834 (ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the) -3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-) --.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 417.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276 -(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E -F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name) -3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve) +-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 417.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277 +(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E +F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name) +3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve) -.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521 (option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F -.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ -to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 -<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786 +.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \ +to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.295 E F1 +<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786 (causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.) -144 453.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 -465.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) +144 453.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 +465.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v) -3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor) 3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in) -5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the) @@ -8047,143 +8048,143 @@ to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 441.6 R(The)5.296 E F1 -.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26 (is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 489.6 Q F0 (that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 506.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 -E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 518.4 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 -(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F -5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597 +E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 518.4 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021 +(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02 +(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596 (the return status is that of the last command e)144 530.4 R -.15(xe) --.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E -F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 542.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 +-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E +F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 542.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238 (he last command used to determine the status is the last command e) --3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.067(before the trap handler)144 +-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.066(before the trap handler)144 554.4 R 6.067(.i)-.55 G(f)-6.067 E F1 -.18(re)3.567 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 1.067(is e)3.567 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.067(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB) -3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .389 +3.567 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.067(trap, the last command used to)3.567 F .39 (determine the status is the last command e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G -.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4 -G(d.).1 E(If)144 578.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084 -(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe) --.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E -F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588 -(causes the shell to stop e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588 -(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589 -(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e) -144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F -.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325 -(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444 +.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke) +.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 578.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 +.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15 +(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 +E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589 +(causes the shell to stop e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589 +(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588 +(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e) +144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F +.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326 +(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445 (its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 614.4 R .444 -(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E -(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 +(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E +(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381 (ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 626.4 R -.15 (xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E -F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E -.749(mand associated with the)144 638.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 +F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 +E .75(mand associated with the)144 638.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749 (trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 650.4 Q F1 +G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 650.4 Q F1 (set)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E -(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 691.2 S .836 +(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 691.2 S .835 (thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F -.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 +.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784 (reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 703.2 -R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784 -(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 715.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0 +R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783 +(riables cannot be).25 F 2.911(reset. In)144 715.2 R F2(posix)2.911 E F0 .412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412 -(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53 -(locale. When)144 727.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F -3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An) --.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F +(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.531 +(locale. When)144 727.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F +3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An) +-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(66)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 67 67 %%BeginPageSetup BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.624 -(after option processing are treated as v)144 84 R 1.623 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.623 +(after option processing are treated as v)144 84 R 1.624 (alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order) 144 96 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 ($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0 5(.O) C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E -(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 108 Q F0 1.377(Each v)184 108 R 1.377 +(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 108 Q F0 1.378(Each v)184 108 R 1.377 (ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve) --.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F -1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 120 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E -(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 132 Q F0 .132 +-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F +1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 120 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E +(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 132 Q F0 .131 (Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 132 R -2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E +2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E (primary prompt.)184 144 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25 -H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 156 Q F0 .087 -(Exit immediately if a)184 156 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087 -(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F -F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 168 Q F2 -1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e) -.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079 -(The shell does not e)184 180 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F -.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 192 Q -1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0 --.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654 -(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv) -4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 204 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc) --.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 -(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582 -(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 216 R -F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c) --3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917 -(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E --.25(va)184 228 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with) -.15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661 -(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113 +H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 156 Q F0 .088 +(Exit immediately if a)184 156 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087 +(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F +F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 168 Q F2 +1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F +1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08(The shell does not e)184 +180 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079 +(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 192 Q +1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0 +-.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655 +(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv) +4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 204 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc) +-.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1 +(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581 +(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 216 R +F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c) +-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918 +(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E +-.25(va)184 228 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661 +(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66 +(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.112 (non-zero status because a command f)184 240 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F -F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112 -(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 252 R 2.677 -(xit. 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This) +-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 396 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1 (xtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 426 Q -F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F3(option\255name) -3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553 -(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 -438 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F3(option\255name)3.572 E F0 -3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071 -(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F +F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F3(option\255name) +3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552 +(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184 +438 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F3(option\255name)3.571 E F0 +3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072 +(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F (option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 450 Q F1<ad70> -144 462 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 462 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.821 E -.1 -(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F -F4($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F4($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072 -(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501 -(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 474 R 1.5 -(vironment, and the)-.4 F F4(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F4 --.27(BA)184 486 S(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F4(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H) -.855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.774 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G -.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F -(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 498 R .38 -(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u) --.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461 +144 462 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 462 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.822 E -.1 +(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F +F4($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F4($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071 +(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5 +(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 474 R 1.501 +(vironment, and the)-.4 F F4(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A +F4 -.27(BA)184 486 S(SHOPTS).27 E F5(,)A F4(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G +(H).855 E F5(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F4(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G +.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F +(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 498 R .379 +(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15 +(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462 (user \(group\) id, and the)184 510 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461 -(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462 -(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 522 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395 +(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461 +(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 522 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394 (ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70> -2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 -E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G -.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886 -F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F +2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25 +E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G +.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886 +F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F (set to the real user and group ids.)184 546 Q F1<ad74>144 558 Q F0 (Exit after reading and e)184 558 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.) -.15 E F1<ad75>144 570 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 570 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044 +.15 E F1<ad75>144 570 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 570 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044 (ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \ -as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 582 R 2.682 -(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183 +as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 582 R 2.683 +(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182 (pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746 (able or parameter)184 594 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746 (he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15 @@ -8287,19 +8288,19 @@ as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 582 R 2.682 (ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 630 Q F0 .315(After e)184 630 R .315(xpanding each)-.15 F F3 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25 (fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,) -2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 +2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 642 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)3.736 E F5(,)A F0 (follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 654 Q (xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1 -<ad42>144 666 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 666 R 2.578 +<ad42>144 666 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 666 R 2.578 (xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 678 Q -(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 690 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 690 R F1(bash)2.714 E -F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 678 Q +(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 690 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 690 R F1(bash)2.713 E +F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214 (xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 -2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F -3.053(tors. This)184 702 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 +2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F +3.054(tors. This)184 702 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553 (rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-) .15 F(tor)184 714 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(68)197.335 E 0 Cg EP @@ -8309,22 +8310,22 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF<ad45>144 84 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 84 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104 -(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103 -(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604 -F .838(mands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F -3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839 -(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 108 Q F1 -<ad48>144 120 Q F0(Enable)184 120 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532 -(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532 -F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 132 Q -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 144 Q F0 .959 +SF<ad45>144 84 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 84 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103 +(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104 +(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603 +F .839(mands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15 F +3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838 +(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 108 Q F1 +<ad48>144 120 Q F0(Enable)184 120 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531 +(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 +F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 132 Q -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 144 Q F0 .96 (If set, the shell does not resolv)184 144 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959 -(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96 -(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822 +(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959 +(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821 (that change the current w)184 156 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822 -(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821 -(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 168 R(def)2.685 +(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822 +(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 168 R(def)2.686 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F (mands which change the current directory)184 180 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144 @@ -8335,54 +8336,54 @@ E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186 (cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E (UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 216 Q F0 (traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 228 Q -F0 .401(If no ar)184 228 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G -.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F -(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 240 Q/F2 -10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni) -.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E -F0(.)A F1<ad>144 252 Q F0 1.944 +F0 .4(If no ar)184 228 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401 +(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F +(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 240 Q +/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5 +(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad> +2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 252 Q F0 1.945 (Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 252 R F2(ar)4.444 E -(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945 -(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 264 R F1 -<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945 -(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no) -3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B +(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944 +(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 264 R F1 +<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945 +(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no) +3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B (parameters remain unchanged.)184 276 Q .425(The options are of)144 292.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425 (ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425 -(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178 -(to be turned of)144 304.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178 +(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177 +(to be turned of)144 304.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178 (options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in) --.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066 +-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066 (current set of options may be found in)144 316.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066 -(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F +(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F (is encountered.)144 328.8 Q F1(shift)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 -(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 357.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 -.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G -.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 369.6 Q F1($#)2.582 -E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082 -(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga) --.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to) -.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06 +(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 357.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 +.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G +.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 369.6 Q F1($#)2.583 +E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083 +(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga) +-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to) +.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06 (is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 381.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F (If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56 -(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 393.6 R -.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 -.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0 +(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 393.6 R +.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0 +.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0 (or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 405.6 Q F1(shopt)108 422.4 Q F0([) 2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname) --2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 434.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639 +-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 434.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639 (alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E -5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374 -(listed belo)144 446.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H -2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375 +5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375 +(listed belo)144 446.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H +2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375 (option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25 -F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2 -(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 458.4 R .826 -(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825 -(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F +F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2 +(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 458.4 R .825 +(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.325 E F0 .826 +(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F .945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 470.4 R(The)5.945 E F1<ad70>3.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) 3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 482.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3 @@ -8390,34 +8391,34 @@ F1<ad70>3.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form) F0(Enable \(set\) each)180 494.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 506.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)180 506.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 <ad71>144 518.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the \ -return status indicates whether the)180 518.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0 -(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 530.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2 -(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256 -(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 542.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E +return status indicates whether the)180 518.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0 +(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 530.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2 +(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G +2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255 +(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 542.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 554.4 Q F0 (Restricts the v)180 554.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0 (to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 -E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 571.2 R F1 -<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) +E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 571.2 R F1 +<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no) 3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 -E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233 +E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234 (set or unset, respecti)144 583.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U) -.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 595.2 Q(ault.) -.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 -612 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) -4.044 F .696 +612 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.) +4.045 F .696 (When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an) -144 624 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell) +144 624 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell) -.25 F(option.)144 636 Q(The list of)144 652.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 670.8 Q F0 .2 +(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 670.8 Q F0 .199 (If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 670.8 R --.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E +-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E (ment to the)184 682.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F (option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E -F1(cdable_v)144 694.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 706.8 R .155 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156 +F1(cdable_v)144 694.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 706.8 R .156 +(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155 (iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F (name of a v)184 718.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E (alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q @@ -8430,106 +8431,105 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(cdspell)144 84 Q F0 1.055 (If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184 -84 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987 -(corrected. The)184 96 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487 -(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a) --.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 108 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) +84 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988 +(corrected. The)184 96 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487 +(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a) +-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 108 R 4.57 -.65(y. I) -.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77 (orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F (the command proceeds.)184 120 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5 -E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 132 Q F0 .736 -(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736 -(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737 +E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 132 Q F0 .737 +(If set,)184 144 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736 +(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736 (xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 156 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E (xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 168 Q -F0 .449(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449 -(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448 -(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15 -F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 192 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G -.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938 -(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 +F0 .448(If set,)184 180 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448 +(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449 +(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15 +F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 192 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G +.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938 +(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203 (attempted without an interv)184 204 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F /F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E --.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 216 Q -.1(wa)-.1 +-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 216 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G -(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 228 Q F0 .796(If set,)184 -240 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G -.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G -.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 252 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E +(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 228 Q F0 .797(If set,)184 +240 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G +.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G +.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 252 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 264 Q F0 1.202(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202 (attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202 (ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184 276 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E (ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 288 Q -F0 .419(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919 -F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) --.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)184 312 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462 +F0 .42(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F +.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar) +-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)184 312 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462 (conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.962 E F0 .462 (operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71 (using the)184 324 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s) -.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash) -3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821 +3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82 (use ASCII collation and)184 336 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E (cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale') -.19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.32 E(sequence and)184 348 Q F4(str)2.5 -E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 360 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 -372 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409 -(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 -(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423 +.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 348 Q F4(str) +2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 360 Q F0 1.41(If set,) +184 372 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409 +(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 +(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422 (string comparison when using the)184 384 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422 (conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>) -2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F .48 +2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481 (vious item\) and the ef)184 396 R .481 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .481(Bash v)5.481 F .481 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48 (ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 408 Q (xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E -F1(compat40)144 420 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41 -(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409 -(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.007 -(string comparison when using the)184 444 R F1([[)4.507 E F0 2.008 -(conditional command')4.507 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.508 E F0(and)4.508 E F1(>) -4.508 E F0 2.008(operators \(see)4.508 F .77(description of)184 456 R F1 -(compat31)3.27 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 -(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .769(Bash v)5.769 F -(ersions)-.15 E .086 -(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 468 R -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 2.587(dt).15 G .087(he interrupt; pre)-2.587 F .087(vious v) --.25 F .087(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 480 Q -(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 492 Q F0 1.484(If set,) -184 504 R F1(bash)3.984 E F0 3.984(,w)C 1.484(hen in)-3.984 F F4(posix) -3.984 E F0 1.483 -(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.984 F -.15 -(ex)184 516 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.958(.T)-.55 G -.959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.459 -(nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59 +F1(compat40)144 420 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 +1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41 +(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008 +(string comparison when using the)184 444 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007 +(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>) +4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 456 R +F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769 +(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions) +-.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184 +468 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086 +(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 480 Q +(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 492 Q F0 1.483(If set,) +184 504 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F4(posix) +3.983 E F0 1.484 +(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15 +(ex)184 516 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G +.958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458 +(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59 (the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 528 -R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589 +R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59 (posix mode through v)184 540 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def) -5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59 +5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589 (vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 552 Q F1(compat42)144 564 Q -F0 1.797(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)4.297 E F0 1.796 +F0 1.796(If set,)184 576 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796 (does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w) 4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 588 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25 -(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 600 Q F0 .14(If set,)184 612 R F1 -(bash)2.64 E F0 .14(does not print a w)2.64 F .141 -(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .913 -(pound array assignment as an ar)184 624 R .913(gument to)-.18 F F1 -(declar)3.412 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.412(,m)C(ak)-3.412 E .912(es w)-.1 F .912 -(ord e)-.1 F .912(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 636 S .352 +(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 600 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 612 R F1 +(bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14 +(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912 +(pound array assignment as an ar)184 624 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1 +(declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913 +(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 636 S .353 (tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def) --.1 F .353(ault beha)-.1 F .353(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.853(et)-.1 G(hem) --2.853 E -.1(fa)184 648 S 1.058(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 -F 1.057(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F -.374(function is e)184 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .374(cuted \(this allo).15 F -(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.874 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 -.375(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .375(fect loops in)-.25 F +-.1 F .352(ault beha)-.1 F .352(vior is to mak)-.2 F 2.852(et)-.1 G(hem) +-2.852 E -.1(fa)184 648 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1 +F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F +.375(function is e)184 660 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .375(cuted \(this allo).15 F +(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0 +.374(in a shell function to af)2.875 F .374(fect loops in)-.25 F (the caller')184 672 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1 -(complete_fullquote)144 684 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 696 R F1(bash)3.153 E +(complete_fullquote)144 684 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 696 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\ -mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 708 R 1.524 -(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 708 R 1.524 +(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\ enames when these)184 720 R(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E @@ -8539,65 +8539,65 @@ enames when these)184 720 R(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .028 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .029 (metacharacters appear in shell v)184 84 R .028(ariable references in w) --.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073 +-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .028(This means)5.028 F 1.072 (that dollar signs in v)184 96 R 1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073 (xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25 -(ev e)184 108 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 +(ev e)184 108 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123 (ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F -6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 +6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59 (only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184 120 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 132 Q (ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E (ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 144 Q(expand) --.18 E F0 .486(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486 +-.18 E F0 .487(If set,)184 156 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486 (replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F -.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184 -168 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F -(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,) -184 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G -(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 192 Q F0 .858(If set,)184 -192 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858 -(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859 +.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184 +168 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F +(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184 +180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G +(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 192 Q F0 .859(If set,)184 +192 R F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858 +(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858 (ord completion if)-.1 F (the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 204 Q(xist.)-.15 E F1(dotglob)144 216 Q F0(If set,)184 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 (includes \214lenames be)2.5 E(ginning with a `.)-.15 E 2.5('i)-.7 G 2.5 (nt)-2.5 G(he results of pathname e)-2.5 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail) -144 228 Q F0 1.387(If set, a non-interacti)184 228 R 1.687 -.15(ve s) +144 228 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti)184 228 R 1.686 -.15(ve s) -.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 240 Q +(xe)-.15 G 1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 240 Q (gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E (An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 252 Q F0 -.716(If set, aliases are e)184 264 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 +.717(If set, aliases are e)184 264 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E -/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .717(This option is enabled)5.217 F +/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F (by def)184 276 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.) -.15 E F1(extdeb)144 288 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .672(If set at shell in)184 300 R --.2(vo)-.4 G .672(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 -(cute the deb).15 F .671(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F -.22(identical to the)184 312 R F1<adad646562>2.72 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 2.721 -(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 -(cation, beha).2 F .221(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 324 Q -(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 336 Q F0(The)220 336 Q F1<ad46>4.251 -E F0 1.751(option to the)4.251 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) +.15 E F1(extdeb)144 288 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 300 R +-.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671 +(cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F +.221(identical to the)184 312 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0 +2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221 +(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 324 Q +(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184 336 Q F0(The)220 336 Q F1<ad46>4.25 +E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu) 4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F (number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 348 Q (gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 360 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220 360 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F 1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 372 -Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 384 Q F0 .841 -(If the command run by the)220 384 R F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 -(trap returns a v)3.341 F .84(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 +Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 384 Q F0 .84 +(If the command run by the)220 384 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841 +(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15 (exe)220 396 S .488 (cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1 (sour)220 408 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G (iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E (n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 420 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 420 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 -(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 +(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904 (are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 432 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 444 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\ bled: command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)220 444 R @@ -8617,37 +8617,37 @@ E F0(")A F4(string)A F0 4.973("q)C 2.473(uoting is performed within) -4.973 F F1(${)4.973 E F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(})A F0 -.15(ex)4.973 G (pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 540 Q (This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 552 Q F0 -1.424(If set, patterns which f)184 552 R 1.425 -(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425 +1.425(If set, patterns which f)184 552 R 1.425 +(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424 (xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 564 S(pansion error).15 E(.) -.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 576 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.937(If set, the suf)184 588 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) +.936(If set, the suf)184 588 R<8c78>-.25 E .936(es speci\214ed by the) -.15 F F2(FIGNORE)3.436 E F0 .936(shell v)3.186 F .936(ariable cause w) --.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 600 R .32 +-.25 F .937(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 600 R .32 (ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32 -(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.948 -(pletions. See)184 612 R F2 .448(SHELL V)2.948 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 -(abo)2.698 E .748 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 -(FIGNORE)2.947 E F3(.)A F0 .447(This option is)4.947 F(enabled by def) -184 624 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 636 Q F0 2.518 +(he ignored w)-2.82 F .32(ords are the only possible com-)-.1 F 2.947 +(pletions. See)184 612 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0 +(abo)2.697 E .747 -.15(ve f)-.15 H .448(or a description of).15 F F2 +(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def) +184 624 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 636 Q F0 2.519 (If set, range e)184 648 R 2.519 -(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.519(et e)-.1 F 2.519 -(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.019 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E -(Matching)184 660 Q F0(abo)2.965 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.215(\)b).15 G(eha) --3.215 E 1.015 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 +(xpressions used in pattern matching brack)-.15 F 2.518(et e)-.1 F 2.518 +(xpressions \(see)-.15 F F2 -.09(Pa)5.018 G(tter).09 E(n)-.135 E +(Matching)184 660 Q F0(abo)2.964 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.214(\)b).15 G(eha) +-3.214 E 1.014 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 3.214(si).15 G 3.214(fi)-3.214 G 3.214 (nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.) -3.214 F 1.02(That is, the current locale')184 672 R 3.52(sc)-.55 G 1.02 (ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1 -(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .957(collate between)184 684 R F1(A) -3.457 E F0(and)3.457 E F1(B)3.457 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F -.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .956 +(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 684 R F1(A) +3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F +.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957 (-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 696 Q(.)-.55 E -F1(globstar)144 708 Q F0 .518(If set, the pattern)184 708 R F1(**)3.018 -E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .519 -(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .432 +F1(globstar)144 708 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 708 R F1(**)3.019 +E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518 +(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431 (or more directories and subdirectories.)184 720 R .431 -(If the pattern is follo)5.432 F .431(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.931 E F0 -2.931(,o)C .431(nly directories)-2.931 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q +(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0 +2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q (2016 May 29)148.175 E(71)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 72 72 %%BeginPageSetup @@ -8659,32 +8659,32 @@ BP 96 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU er\ ror message format.)184 108 Q F1(histappend)144 120 Q F0 .676 (If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184 -132 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.177 E F0 --.25(va)2.927 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 144 Q +132 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 +-.25(va)2.926 G(ri-).25 E(able when the shell e)184 144 Q (xits, rather than o)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1 -(histr)144 156 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .576(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18(re) -3.076 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.076 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .575(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F -.575(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 180 Q F1(histv)144 192 Q -(erify)-.1 E F0 .402(If set, and)184 204 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 +(histr)144 156 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575(If set, and)184 168 R F1 -.18(re) +3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F +.576(ailed his-)-.1 F(tory substitution.)184 180 Q F1(histv)144 192 Q +(erify)-.1 E F0 .403(If set, and)184 204 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403 (is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately) -2.903 F .662(passed to the shell parser)184 216 R 5.662(.I)-.55 G .661 -(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.662 F F1 -.18(re)3.161 -G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.161 E -.2(bu)184 228 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E +2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 216 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662 +(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162 +G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 228 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1 -(hostcomplete)144 240 Q F0 1.181(If set, and)184 252 R F1 -.18(re)3.681 -G(adline).18 E F0 1.181(is being used,)3.681 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.182 -(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.682 F 1.381(when a w)184 -264 R 1.381(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 -(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.88 E F0(under)3.88 E -F2(READLINE)3.88 E F0(abo)184 276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F +(hostcomplete)144 240 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 252 R F1 -.18(re)3.682 +G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181 +(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184 +264 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381 +(is being completed \(see)3.881 F F1(Completing)3.881 E F0(under)3.881 E +F2(READLINE)3.881 E F0(abo)184 276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\). This).15 F (is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 288 Q F0(If set,) 184 300 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0 (to all jobs when an interacti)2.25 E .3 -.15(ve l)-.25 H(ogin shell e) -.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 312 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .219 +.15 E(xits.)-.15 E F1(inherit_err)144 312 Q(exit)-.18 E F0 .22 (If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 324 R .219(alue of the) --.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .22(option, instead of unsetting) +-.25 F F1(err)2.719 E(exit)-.18 E F0 .219(option, instead of unsetting) 2.719 F(it in the subshell en)184 336 Q 2.5(vironment. This)-.4 F (option is enabled when)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)2.5 E F0(is enabled.)2.5 E F1(interacti)144 348 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(_comments).1 E @@ -8693,52 +8693,52 @@ F0 .33(If set, allo)184 360 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33 (ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967 (that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 372 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15 -G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184 384 Q +G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 384 Q (ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 396 Q F0 .066 (If set, and job control is not acti)184 396 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t) .15 G .066(he shell runs the last command of a pipeline not e)-2.566 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted in the background in the current shell en) -184 408 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 420 Q F0 .654(If set, and the) -184 420 R F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654 +184 408 Q(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 420 Q F0 .655(If set, and the) +184 420 R F1(cmdhist)3.155 E F0 .654 (option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G -3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F +3.154(dt).15 G 3.154(ot)-3.154 G .654(he history)-3.154 F (with embedded ne)184 432 Q (wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1 (login_shell)144 444 Q F0 .486 (The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184 -456 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 468 S(lue may not be changed.).25 -E F1(mailwar)144 480 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184 -492 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815 -(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F +456 R F2(INV)2.987 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.737 E -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.987(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 468 S(lue may not be changed.).25 +E F1(mailwar)144 480 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .815(If set, and a \214le that)184 +492 R F1(bash)3.315 E F0 .814 +(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.315 F -.1(wa)184 504 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E (`The mail in)-.74 E F3(mail\214le)2.5 E F0(has been read')2.5 E 2.5('i) -.74 G 2.5(sd)-2.5 G(isplayed.)-2.5 E F1(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 516 -Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325 -(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 -(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.824 G(TH)-.189 E -F0 .324(for possible)2.574 F +Q F0 .324(If set, and)184 528 R F1 -.18(re)2.824 G(adline).18 E F0 .324 +(is being used,)2.824 F F1(bash)2.824 E F0 .324 +(will not attempt to search the)2.824 F F2 -.666(PA)2.825 G(TH)-.189 E +F0 .325(for possible)2.575 F (completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 540 Q F1 -(nocaseglob)144 552 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436 -(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.936 F .737 -.15(ve f)-.25 -H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 576 S +(nocaseglob)144 552 Q F0 .437(If set,)184 564 R F1(bash)2.937 E F0 .436 +(matches \214lenames in a case\255insensiti)2.937 F .736 -.15(ve f)-.25 +H .436(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 576 S (pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E --.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 588 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184 -600 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) -3.694 F 1.493 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.193(ashion when performing matching).05 +-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 588 Q F0 1.193(If set,)184 +600 R F1(bash)3.693 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti) +3.693 F 1.494 -.15(ve f)-.25 H 1.194(ashion when performing matching).05 F .551(while e)184 612 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(case)3.051 E F0 (or)3.051 E F1([[)3.051 E F0 .551 (conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1 -(wo)184 624 S .623(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ +(wo)184 624 S .622(rd e).1 F .623(xpansions, or when \214ltering possib\ le completions as part of programmable com-)-.15 F(pletion.)184 636 Q F1 -(nullglob)144 648 Q F0 .854(If set,)184 660 R F1(bash)3.354 E F0(allo) -3.354 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) -3.355 G .855(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355 -(\)t).15 G(o)-3.355 E -.15(ex)184 672 S +(nullglob)144 648 Q F0 .855(If set,)184 660 R F1(bash)3.355 E F0(allo) +3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa) +3.354 G .854(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.354 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.354 +(\)t).15 G(o)-3.354 E -.15(ex)184 672 S (pand to a null string, rather than themselv).15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 -684 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677(If set, the programmable completion f)184 -696 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.176 E .676 -(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.176 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E +684 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .676(If set, the programmable completion f)184 +696 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677 +(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E (are enabled.)184 708 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E (GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(72)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 73 73 @@ -8747,12 +8747,12 @@ BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 -SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 -(If set, prompt strings under)184 96 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448 -(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 108 S -.171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 +SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.448 +(If set, prompt strings under)184 96 R 1.448(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.447 +(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 108 S .17 +(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.67(la).25 G .17 (fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)-.15 F/F2 9 -/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.67 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.42 E -.15(ve)-.15 G +/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.671 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(abo)2.421 E -.15(ve)-.15 G (.).15 E(This option is enabled by def)184 120 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1 -.18(re) 144 132 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069 (The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see) @@ -8761,44 +8761,44 @@ SF(pr)144 84 Q(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447 (This is not reset when the startup \214les are e)5.36 F -.15(xe)-.15 G (-).15 E(cuted, allo)184 168 Q(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rw).15 G(hether or not a shell is restricted.)-2.5 E -F1(shift_v)144 180 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .501(If set, the)184 192 R F1 -(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501 -(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502 +F1(shift_v)144 180 Q(erbose)-.1 E F0 .502(If set, the)184 192 R F1 +(shift)3.002 E F0 -.2(bu)3.002 G .501 +(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .501 (xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 204 Q F1(sour) -144 216 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 228 R F1(sour)3.271 E -(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v) --3.471 F .771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.27 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .77 -(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar) -184 240 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.) --.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 252 Q F0(If set, the)184 264 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 --.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 -E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 280.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001 -(Suspend the e)144 292.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001 -(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G -F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be) -3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 304.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023 -(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 -(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is) -5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 316.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E +144 216 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .77(If set, the)184 228 R F1(sour)3.27 E(ce) +-.18 E F0(\()3.27 E F1(.)A F0 3.27(\)b)C .77(uiltin uses the v)-3.47 F +.771(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.271 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .771 +(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.021 F +(\214le supplied as an ar)184 240 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F +(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 252 Q F0 +(If set, the)184 264 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E +(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend) +108 280.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.002(Suspend the e)144 292.8 R +-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.002(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve) +-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.501(signal. A)3.251 F 1.001 +(login shell cannot be)3.501 F .022(suspended; the)144 304.8 R F1<ad66> +2.522 E F0 .022(option can be used to o)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022 +(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .023(The return status is) +5.023 F 2.5(0u)144 316.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 333.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([) -108 345.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877 -(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 345.6 R .878 -(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878 +108 345.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .878 +(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 345.6 R .877 +(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .877 (luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 357.6 S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53 (ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03 -(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079 -(primaries described abo)144 369.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E -F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF -(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E +(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.08 +(primaries described abo)144 369.6 R 3.38 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 +(CONDITION)5.58 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A +F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.079(does not accept an)5.579 F(y)-.15 E (options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 381.6 Q(gument of)-.18 -E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786 -(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 399.6 R .785 -(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411 -(dence. The)144 411.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911 -(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F -4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F +E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .785 +(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 399.6 R .786 +(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.412 +(dence. The)144 411.6 R -.25(eva)3.412 G .912 +(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .911(guments; see belo)-.18 F +4.711 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .911(perator precedence is).65 F (used when there are \214v)144 423.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G (ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 435.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 435.6 S(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 @@ -8821,9 +8821,9 @@ F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E E 2.5(2a)144 590.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar) 180 602.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87 F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 -(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 614.4 R .38 -(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679 --.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 626.4 Q .552 +(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 614.4 R .38 +(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68 +-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 626.4 Q .553 (AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552 (xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552 (If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 638.4 Q @@ -8834,18 +8834,18 @@ F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37 (If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855 (the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 674.4 R 1.155 -.15 (ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F -F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 686.4 R .578(xpression i\ +F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 686.4 R .578(xpression i\ s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F -(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 698.4 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832 -E F0(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333 +(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 698.4 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833 +E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332 (operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558 (three ar)180 710.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F -(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 -722.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521 -(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third) -3.021 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(73)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180 +722.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52 +(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02 +F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(73)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 74 74 %%BeginPageSetup BP @@ -8856,11 +8856,11 @@ BP 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485 (gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E (wise, the e)180 96 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 108 S --.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 120 R .384 -(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne) --2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e) --.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 -132 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647 +-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 120 R .385 +(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne) +-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e) +-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 +132 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648 (xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E (according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 144 Q -.15(ve) -.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 156 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 @@ -8874,72 +8874,71 @@ E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E processes run from the shell.)144 214.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 226.8 Q F1(trap)108 243.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E /F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...]) -2.5 E .702(The command)144 255.6 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702 -(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 -(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G -(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2 -(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single) +2.5 E .703(The command)144 255.6 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703 +(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702 +(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G +(ignal\(s\))-3.202 E F2(sigspec)3.202 E F0 5.702(.I).31 G(f)-5.702 E F2 +(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.422 E .608(absent \(and there is a single) 144 267.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608 (ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F -.658(\(the v)144 279.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) --.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659 +.659(\(the v)144 279.6 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).) +-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658 (is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec) -144.34 291.6 Q F0 .581 -(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G --.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58 -(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214 +144.34 291.6 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in) +3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E +F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215 (been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 303.6 R -F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215 +F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214 F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 315.6 R F1<ad70>3.36 E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86 (prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83 (signal. The)144 327.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \ -to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F -4.311(bers. Each)144 339.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811 -(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81 -(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E +to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31 +(bers. Each)144 339.6 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811 +(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811 +(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E (names are case insensiti)144 351.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E -/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648 -(If a)144 369.6 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0 -1.648(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) -4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.) --.15 F 1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144 -381.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F -F2(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 -(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command) -3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0 -(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 393.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e) -2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147 -(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147 -(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 405.6 R F3 .146 -(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 -F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 -.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 417.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7 -(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG) --.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3 -(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 429.6 Q F2(ar) -3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 +/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649 +(If a)144 369.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0 +1.649(\(0\) the command)3.899 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e) +4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.) +-.15 F 1.648(If a)6.648 F F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(DEB)144 +381.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F +F2(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.167(is e)3.887 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167 +(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command) +3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.668 E F0(command,)3.668 E F2(case)3.668 E F0 +(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 393.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e) +2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146 +(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146 +(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 405.6 R F3 .145 +(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15 +F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0 +.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 417.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201 +G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E +(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E +F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 429.6 Q F2(ar) +3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643 (cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce) --.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 441.6 Q -.15(xe) --.15 G(cuting.).15 E .96(If a)144 459.6 R F2(sigspec)3.8 E F0(is)3.77 E -F3(ERR)3.46 E F4(,)A F0 .96(the command)3.21 F F2(ar)3.791 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G -3.461(rap).15 G .961(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(sin\ -gle simple command\), a list, or a compound command returns a non\255ze\ -ro e)144 471.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 -483.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451 -(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452 -(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388 -(mand list immediately follo)144 495.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) -2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 -(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387 -(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 507.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G +.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce) +-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 441.6 Q -.15(xe) +-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 459.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is) +3.771 E F3(ERR)3.461 E F4(,)A F0 .961(the command)3.211 F F2(ar)3.791 E +(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F +-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a) +-.001 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command ret\ +urns a non\255zero e)144 471.6 R .185(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .452 +(the follo)144 483.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR) +2.952 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451 +(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387 +(mand list immediately follo)144 495.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while) +2.887 E F0(or)2.887 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388 +(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388 +(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 507.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778 (list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778 -(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 -3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 519.6 R +(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0 +3.277(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.277 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 519.6 R 1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v) -3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 531.6 Q @@ -8948,45 +8947,46 @@ F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 531.6 Q (Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144 549.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662 (being ignored are reset to their original v)144 561.6 R .662 -(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is) +(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is) -.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 573.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an) -.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G (lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2 -(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 602.4 S .173 -(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name) -3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174 -(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F -F1<ad74>144 614.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0 +(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 602.4 S .174 +(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name) +3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173 +(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F +F1<ad74>144 614.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0 .843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0 -(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2 -(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 626.4 Q F0 .086 -(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086 -(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 -(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2 -(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119 +(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2 +(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 626.4 Q F0 .087 +(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087 +(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15 +(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2 +(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118 (found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 638.4 R .118 -(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F -F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855 +(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F +F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855 (either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 650.4 R .855 (ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0 -.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if) -144 662.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141 -G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E -F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189 -E F0 .112(search for each)144 674.4 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15 -(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 --.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I) -.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E -F0(and)144 686.4 Q F1<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F -.73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in) --.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F1 -<ad61>144 698.4 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 -1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G -1.748(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E -.744(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 710.4 R F1 -<ad70>3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743 +.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144 +662.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641 +(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1 +<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH) +-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 674.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e) +C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 +F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113 +(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70> +2.612 E F0(and)144 686.4 Q F1<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23 +F .731 +(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 +F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61> +144 698.4 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748 +(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748 +(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744 +(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 710.4 R F1<ad70> +3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744 (The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using) 144 722.4 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0 1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F(GNU Bash 4.4) @@ -8996,34 +8996,34 @@ F0(and)144 686.4 Q F1<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F BP %%EndPageSetup /F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F -(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .326(with the)144 -84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E -F1(type)5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325 -(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325 -(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 96 Q F1(ulimit)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 +(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .325(with the)144 +84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E +F1(type)5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326 +(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326 +(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 96 Q F1(ulimit)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 (\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 124.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) --.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 +(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 124.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve) +-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244 (ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F -.944(that allo)144 136.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F -(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943 +.943(that allo)144 136.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F +(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944 (options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi) -144 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208 +144 148.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208 (hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\ -ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 160.8 R .426 -(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E -F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425 -(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 +ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 160.8 R .425 +(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E +F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426 +(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144 172.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139 (can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F -.742(of the special v)144 184.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1 +.741(of the special v)144 184.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1 (soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w) C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78 (soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 196.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78 (is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25 -F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 208.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 -.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498 +F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 208.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 +.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499 (more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F (limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 220.8 Q 2.5 (alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 @@ -9044,7 +9044,7 @@ Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 268.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se) (The maximum resident set size \(man)180 340.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 352.8 Q F0 .791(Th\ e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo) -180 352.8 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F +180 352.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F (be set\))180 364.8 Q F1<ad70>144 376.8 Q F0 (The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 376.8 Q F1 <ad71>144 388.8 Q F0 @@ -9062,19 +9062,19 @@ Q F1<ad73>144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 412.8 Q F1<ad74>144 (If)144 513.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468 -(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045 -(no option is gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> -2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 -(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1 -<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F 1.588(in seconds;)144 -537.6 R F1<ad70>4.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 +(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044 +(no option is gi)144 525.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66> +2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045 +(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1 +<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144 +537.6 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589 (hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 <ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1 -<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C -1.589(hich are)-4.089 F 1.439(unscaled v)144 549.6 R 1.439 +<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C +1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 549.6 R 1.438 (alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E -F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.438(hich are in 512-byte increments.) --3.939 F(The)6.438 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 561.6 R +F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.) +-3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 561.6 R -.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404 (gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144 573.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E @@ -9084,15 +9084,15 @@ F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A (gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\ therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\ pted by)144 614.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 -626.4 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382 +626.4 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382 (alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382 (option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547 (printed in symbolic form; the def)144 638.4 R .547 (ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G (he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2 -(mode)144.38 650.4 Q F0 .552 -(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232 -F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 662.4 Q +(mode)144.38 650.4 Q F0 .551 +(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231 +F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 662.4 Q (as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E (gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1 (unalias)108 679.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0 @@ -9111,64 +9111,64 @@ BP (Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 -96 S 3.828(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 3.828(,r).18 G(emo) --3.828 E 1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327 -(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.827 E F0 -1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name) -144.36 108 Q F0 1.55(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551 +96 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 3.827(,r).18 G(emo) +-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327 +(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 +1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name) +144.36 108 Q F0 1.551(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551 (ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G -4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F -4.642(unset. If)144 120 R F1<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each) -4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141 +4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F +4.641(unset. If)144 120 R F1<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each) +4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141 (refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 F -(remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.537(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e> +(remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e> 2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037 (is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E -F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.538 E .492 +F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492 (be unset rather than the v)144 144 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1 -<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .492(If no)5.492 F .22 -(options are supplied, each)144 156 R F2(name)2.72 E F0 .22 -(refers to a v)2.72 F .221(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .221 -(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.721(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.721 E 1.189 +<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F +.221(options are supplied, each)144 156 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221 +(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22 +(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188 (tion with that name is unset.)144 168 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F -1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.688(df).15 G -1.188(rom the en)-3.688 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.205 +1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G +1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206 (passed to subsequent commands.)144 180 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706(yo) -.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E -/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.456 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.456 E -F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 192 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.348 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) -4.348 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.348 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E +/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E +F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 192 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN) +4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348 -F 4.597(yl)-.15 G 2.097(ose their special)-4.597 F(properties, e)144 204 +F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G (re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a) -.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8 -(Wa)144 232.8 S .026(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ -ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.027 E F2(n)2.887 E F0 .027 -(may be a process ID)2.767 F .256 +(Wa)144 232.8 S .027(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\ +ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.026 E F2(n)2.886 E F0 .026 +(may be a process ID)2.766 F .256 (or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256 (ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E -F2(n)3.116 E F0 .317(is not gi)144 256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .317 +F2(n)3.116 E F0 .318(is not gi)144 256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .318 (n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318 (hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318 -(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .318(If the)5.318 F F1<ad6e>144 -268.8 Q F0 .362(option is supplied,)2.862 F F1(wait)2.862 E F0 -.1(wa) -2.862 G .362(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 -(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .361(xit status.)-.15 F(If) -5.361 E F2(n)3.221 E F0(speci\214es)3.101 E 2.595(an)144 280.8 S(on-e) --2.595 E .095(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F -.096(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 +(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .317(If the)5.317 F F1<ad6e>144 +268.8 Q F0 .361(option is supplied,)2.861 F F1(wait)2.861 E F0 -.1(wa) +2.861 G .361(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362 +(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .362(xit status.)-.15 F(If) +5.362 E F2(n)3.222 E F0(speci\214es)3.102 E 2.596(an)144 280.8 S(on-e) +-2.596 E .096(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F +.095(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .095(xit status)-.15 F(of the last process or job w)144 292.8 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 309.6 Q F0(If)108 321.6 Q F1 -(bash)4.397 E F0 1.897(is started with the name)4.397 F F1(rbash)4.397 E -F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.896 -(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.896 -(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.445(restricted. A)108 333.6 R .945 -(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.445 F .946 -(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.946 E +(bash)4.396 E F0 1.896(is started with the name)4.396 F F1(rbash)4.397 E +F0 4.397(,o)C 4.397(rt)-4.397 G(he)-4.397 E F1<ad72>4.397 E F0 1.897 +(option is supplied at in)4.397 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 1.897 +(cation, the shell becomes).2 F 3.446(restricted. A)108 333.6 R .945 +(restricted shell is used to set up an en)3.446 F .945 +(vironment more controlled than the standard shell.)-.4 F(It)5.945 E (beha)108 345.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(si).15 G(dentically to)-2.5 E F1 (bash)2.5 E F0(with the e)2.5 E(xception that the follo)-.15 E (wing are disallo)-.25 E(wed or not performed:)-.25 E<83>108 362.4 Q @@ -9179,13 +9179,13 @@ F4(,)A F3 -.666(PA)2.25 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or) (specifying command names containing)144 396 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0<83>108 412.8 Q(specifying a \214lename containing a)144 412.8 Q F1(/)2.5 E F0 (as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F1(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G -(iltin command).2 E<83>108 429.6 Q .45 +(iltin command).2 E<83>108 429.6 Q .449 (specifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)144 429.6 R .449 -(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.949 E F0 .449(option to the)2.949 F F1 -(hash)2.949 E F0 -.2(bu)2.949 G .449(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 441.6 Q -<83>108 458.4 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 -458.4 Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 475.2 Q(parsing the v)144 -475.2 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E +(gument to the)-.18 F F1<ad70>2.95 E F0 .45(option to the)2.95 F F1 +(hash)2.95 E F0 -.2(bu)2.95 G .45(iltin com-).2 F(mand)144 441.6 Q<83> +108 458.4 Q(importing function de\214nitions from the shell en)144 458.4 +Q(vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 475.2 Q(parsing the v)144 475.2 Q +(alue of)-.25 E F3(SHELLOPTS)2.5 E F0(from the shell en)2.25 E (vironment at startup)-.4 E<83>108 492 Q(redirecting output using the >\ , >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators)144 492 Q<83>108 508.8 Q (using the)144 508.8 Q F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G @@ -9202,8 +9202,8 @@ F1(command)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command).2 E<83>108 576 Q (These restrictions are enforced after an)108 592.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G (tartup \214les are read.)-2.5 E 1.566 (When a command that is found to be a shell script is e)108 609.6 R -.15 -(xe)-.15 G 1.567(cuted \(see).15 F F3 1.567(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.067 F F0 -(abo)3.817 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1(rbash)108 621.6 Q F0(turns of) +(xe)-.15 G 1.566(cuted \(see).15 F F3 1.566(COMMAND EXECUTION)4.066 F F0 +(abo)3.816 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\),).15 E F1(rbash)108 621.6 Q F0(turns of) 2.5 E 2.5(fa)-.25 G .3 -.15(ny r)-2.5 H(estrictions in the shell spa).15 E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F5(SEE ALSO)72 638.4 Q F2(Bash Refer)108 650.4 Q(ence Manual)-.37 E F0 2.5(,B)C(rian F) @@ -9242,20 +9242,20 @@ E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 208.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G (oundation)-.15 E(bfox@gnu.or)108 321.6 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 338.4 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni) -2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 350.4 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 -E F2 -.11(BU)72 367.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .568 +E F2 -.11(BU)72 367.2 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567 (If you \214nd a b)108 379.2 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F3(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568 (you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F -3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .567(ug, and)-.2 -F 5.625(that it appears in the latest v)108 391.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 -F F3(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.626 -(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.626(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.626 +3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2 +F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 391.2 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 +F F3(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625 +(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625 (ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 403.2 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 -E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 420 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411 -(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) --.15 F F1(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41 -(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 432 R .894 -.15(ve a \214) --.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595 -(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .595(ug reports may)-.2 F +E F0(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 420 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41 +(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the) +-.15 F F1(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F +.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 432 R .895 -.15 +(ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F +.594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F (be mailed to)108 444 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0 (or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug) -.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 460.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v) @@ -9269,23 +9269,23 @@ G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 542.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 559.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.) .25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 576 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 588 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G -(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869 -(There are some subtle dif)108 604.8 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F3 +(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868 +(There are some subtle dif)108 604.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F3 (bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F -F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9 +F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9 /Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 616.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E (Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 633.6 Q(Shell b)108 650.4 Q (uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E 1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\ -re not handled gracefully when)108 667.2 R .39 +re not handled gracefully when)108 667.2 R .389 (process suspension is attempted.)108 679.2 R .389 -(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 -G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192 -(mand in the sequence.)108 691.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \ -place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a) --.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 703.2 Q(Array v)108 -720 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4) -72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(77)197.335 E 0 Cg EP +(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15 +G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.) +108 691.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\ +ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F +(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 703.2 Q(Array v)108 720 Q +(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 +768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(77)197.335 E 0 Cg EP %%Page: 78 78 %%BeginPageSetup BP diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi Binary files differindex 8b94d34c..22e915c7 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.dvi +++ b/doc/bashref.dvi diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html index a17d57ab..92fbc2e8 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.html +++ b/doc/bashref.html @@ -3179,7 +3179,10 @@ because the standard error was made a copy of the standard output before the standard output was redirected to <var>dirlist</var>. </p> <p>Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in -redirections, as described in the following table: +redirections, as described in the following table. +If the operating system on which Bash is running provides these +special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them +internally with the behavior described below. </p> <dl compact="compact"> <dt><code>/dev/fd/<var>fd</var></code></dt> diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info index 5d5d3854..e80a713c 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.info +++ b/doc/bashref.info @@ -2201,7 +2201,10 @@ error was made a copy of the standard output before the standard output was redirected to DIRLIST. Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in -redirections, as described in the following table: +redirections, as described in the following table. If the operating +system on which Bash is running provides these special files, bash will +use them; otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior +described below. '/dev/fd/FD' If FD is a valid integer, file descriptor FD is duplicated. @@ -11375,93 +11378,93 @@ Node: Filename Expansion87384 Node: Pattern Matching89668 Node: Quote Removal93366 Node: Redirections93661 -Node: Executing Commands102904 -Node: Simple Command Expansion103574 -Node: Command Search and Execution105504 -Node: Command Execution Environment107840 -Node: Environment110824 -Node: Exit Status112483 -Node: Signals114153 -Node: Shell Scripts116120 -Node: Shell Builtin Commands118635 -Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120669 -Node: Bash Builtins141269 -Node: Modifying Shell Behavior169914 -Node: The Set Builtin170259 -Node: The Shopt Builtin180672 -Node: Special Builtins196471 -Node: Shell Variables197450 -Node: Bourne Shell Variables197887 -Node: Bash Variables199918 -Node: Bash Features228298 -Node: Invoking Bash229197 -Node: Bash Startup Files235146 -Node: Interactive Shells240249 -Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240659 -Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241308 -Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242123 -Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245498 -Node: Shell Arithmetic249499 -Node: Aliases252316 -Node: Arrays254864 -Node: The Directory Stack259948 -Node: Directory Stack Builtins260732 -Node: Controlling the Prompt263700 -Node: The Restricted Shell266446 -Node: Bash POSIX Mode268271 -Node: Job Control278324 -Node: Job Control Basics278784 -Node: Job Control Builtins283503 -Node: Job Control Variables288033 -Node: Command Line Editing289189 -Node: Introduction and Notation290860 -Node: Readline Interaction292483 -Node: Readline Bare Essentials293674 -Node: Readline Movement Commands295457 -Node: Readline Killing Commands296417 -Node: Readline Arguments298335 -Node: Searching299379 -Node: Readline Init File301565 -Node: Readline Init File Syntax302712 -Node: Conditional Init Constructs322899 -Node: Sample Init File325424 -Node: Bindable Readline Commands328541 -Node: Commands For Moving329745 -Node: Commands For History330888 -Node: Commands For Text335177 -Node: Commands For Killing338566 -Node: Numeric Arguments341047 -Node: Commands For Completion342186 -Node: Keyboard Macros346377 -Node: Miscellaneous Commands347064 -Node: Readline vi Mode352868 -Node: Programmable Completion353775 -Node: Programmable Completion Builtins361236 -Node: A Programmable Completion Example371122 -Node: Using History Interactively376374 -Node: Bash History Facilities377058 -Node: Bash History Builtins380059 -Node: History Interaction384056 -Node: Event Designators387020 -Node: Word Designators388239 -Node: Modifiers389876 -Node: Installing Bash391278 -Node: Basic Installation392415 -Node: Compilers and Options395106 -Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures395847 -Node: Installation Names397510 -Node: Specifying the System Type398328 -Node: Sharing Defaults399044 -Node: Operation Controls399717 -Node: Optional Features400675 -Node: Reporting Bugs410932 -Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell412126 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License428978 -Node: Indexes454155 -Node: Builtin Index454609 -Node: Reserved Word Index461436 -Node: Variable Index463884 -Node: Function Index479343 -Node: Concept Index492500 +Node: Executing Commands103081 +Node: Simple Command Expansion103751 +Node: Command Search and Execution105681 +Node: Command Execution Environment108017 +Node: Environment111001 +Node: Exit Status112660 +Node: Signals114330 +Node: Shell Scripts116297 +Node: Shell Builtin Commands118812 +Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120846 +Node: Bash Builtins141446 +Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170091 +Node: The Set Builtin170436 +Node: The Shopt Builtin180849 +Node: Special Builtins196648 +Node: Shell Variables197627 +Node: Bourne Shell Variables198064 +Node: Bash Variables200095 +Node: Bash Features228475 +Node: Invoking Bash229374 +Node: Bash Startup Files235323 +Node: Interactive Shells240426 +Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240836 +Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241485 +Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242300 +Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245675 +Node: Shell Arithmetic249676 +Node: Aliases252493 +Node: Arrays255041 +Node: The Directory Stack260125 +Node: Directory Stack Builtins260909 +Node: Controlling the Prompt263877 +Node: The Restricted Shell266623 +Node: Bash POSIX Mode268448 +Node: Job Control278501 +Node: Job Control Basics278961 +Node: Job Control Builtins283680 +Node: Job Control Variables288210 +Node: Command Line Editing289366 +Node: Introduction and Notation291037 +Node: Readline Interaction292660 +Node: Readline Bare Essentials293851 +Node: Readline Movement Commands295634 +Node: Readline Killing Commands296594 +Node: Readline Arguments298512 +Node: Searching299556 +Node: Readline Init File301742 +Node: Readline Init File Syntax302889 +Node: Conditional Init Constructs323076 +Node: Sample Init File325601 +Node: Bindable Readline Commands328718 +Node: Commands For Moving329922 +Node: Commands For History331065 +Node: Commands For Text335354 +Node: Commands For Killing338743 +Node: Numeric Arguments341224 +Node: Commands For Completion342363 +Node: Keyboard Macros346554 +Node: Miscellaneous Commands347241 +Node: Readline vi Mode353045 +Node: Programmable Completion353952 +Node: Programmable Completion Builtins361413 +Node: A Programmable Completion Example371299 +Node: Using History Interactively376551 +Node: Bash History Facilities377235 +Node: Bash History Builtins380236 +Node: History Interaction384233 +Node: Event Designators387197 +Node: Word Designators388416 +Node: Modifiers390053 +Node: Installing Bash391455 +Node: Basic Installation392592 +Node: Compilers and Options395283 +Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396024 +Node: Installation Names397687 +Node: Specifying the System Type398505 +Node: Sharing Defaults399221 +Node: Operation Controls399894 +Node: Optional Features400852 +Node: Reporting Bugs411109 +Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell412303 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License429155 +Node: Indexes454332 +Node: Builtin Index454786 +Node: Reserved Word Index461613 +Node: Variable Index464061 +Node: Function Index479520 +Node: Concept Index492677 End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bashref.pdf b/doc/bashref.pdf Binary files differindex 2113558f..56f0a0d8 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.pdf +++ b/doc/bashref.pdf diff --git a/doc/bashref.ps b/doc/bashref.ps index 6caabd93..aac39732 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.ps +++ b/doc/bashref.ps @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ %!PS-Adobe-2.0 -%%Creator: dvips(k) 5.995 Copyright 2015 Radical Eye Software +%%Creator: dvips(k) 5.996 Copyright 2016 Radical Eye Software %%Title: bashref.dvi -%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 20 15:38:16 2016 +%%CreationDate: Thu Jul 14 11:47:59 2016 %%Pages: 177 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com) %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -D 600 -t letter -o bashref.ps bashref.dvi %DVIPSParameters: dpi=600 -%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2016.06.20:1538 +%DVIPSSource: TeX output 2016.07.14:1147 %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro 0 0 %! /TeXDict 300 dict def TeXDict 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Fu(File)i(descriptor)e(1)h(is)f +(duplicated.)150 3116 y Ft(/dev/stderr)630 3226 y Fu(File)i(descriptor) +e(2)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 3401 y Ft(/dev/tcp/)p Fj(host)p +Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 3511 y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c -Fr(p)s(ort)j Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 3541 +Fr(p)s(ort)j Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 3620 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)i(service)h(name,)g(Bash)f(attempts)h(to)f (op)s(en)f(the)h(corresp)s(onding)f(TCP)g(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)150 -3728 y Ft(/dev/udp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 3838 +3795 y Ft(/dev/udp/)p Fj(host)p Ft(/)p Fj(port)630 3905 y Fu(If)41 b Fr(host)i Fu(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In) m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fr(p)s(ort)j Fu(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s -(ort)630 3948 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)h(service)h(name,)h(Bash)e +(ort)630 4015 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)23 b(or)h(service)h(name,)h(Bash)e (attempts)h(to)g(op)s(en)f(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f(UDP)i(so)s(c)m(k)m -(et.)275 4149 y(A)30 b(failure)h(to)g(op)s(en)e(or)i(create)h(a)e +(et.)275 4198 y(A)30 b(failure)h(to)g(op)s(en)e(or)i(create)h(a)e (\014le)h(causes)g(the)f(redirection)h(to)g(fail.)275 -4312 y(Redirections)f(using)e(\014le)i(descriptors)f(greater)h(than)f +4348 y(Redirections)f(using)e(\014le)i(descriptors)f(greater)h(than)f (9)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(used)f(with)h(care,)h(as)g(they)f(ma)m(y)150 -4421 y(con\015ict)i(with)f(\014le)h(descriptors)f(the)g(shell)h(uses)f -(in)m(ternally)-8 b(.)150 4649 y Fk(3.6.1)63 b(Redirecting)40 -b(Input)150 4796 y Fu(Redirection)35 b(of)f(input)f(causes)i(the)f +4458 y(con\015ict)i(with)f(\014le)h(descriptors)f(the)g(shell)h(uses)f +(in)m(ternally)-8 b(.)150 4673 y Fk(3.6.1)63 b(Redirecting)40 +b(Input)150 4820 y Fu(Redirection)35 b(of)f(input)f(causes)i(the)f (\014le)g(whose)g(name)g(results)g(from)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)g -Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(to)d(b)s(e)150 4905 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(reading)g(on)g +Fr(w)m(ord)k Fu(to)d(b)s(e)150 4930 y(op)s(ened)d(for)g(reading)g(on)g (\014le)h(descriptor)f Ft(n)p Fu(,)h(or)f(the)g(standard)g(input)f (\(\014le)i(descriptor)f(0\))h(if)f Ft(n)g Fu(is)h(not)150 -5015 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)275 5177 y(The)c(general)j(format)e(for)h +5039 y(sp)s(eci\014ed.)275 5190 y(The)c(general)j(format)e(for)h (redirecting)g(input)e(is:)390 5340 y Ft([)p Fj(n)p Ft(]<)p Fj(word)p eop end %%Page: 34 40 diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi index e7c60ed5..69d38d80 100644 --- a/doc/bashref.texi +++ b/doc/bashref.texi @@ -2592,7 +2592,10 @@ because the standard error was made a copy of the standard output before the standard output was redirected to @var{dirlist}. Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in -redirections, as described in the following table: +redirections, as described in the following table. +If the operating system on which Bash is running provides these +special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them +internally with the behavior described below. @table @code @item /dev/fd/@var{fd} diff --git a/doc/builtins.ps b/doc/builtins.ps index 0080c2f7..6105c539 100644 --- a/doc/builtins.ps +++ b/doc/builtins.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 20 15:38:03 2016 +%%CreationDate: Thu Jul 14 11:47:50 2016 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%+ font Times-Italic diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps index 6b04e570..e75bea89 100644 --- a/doc/rbash.ps +++ b/doc/rbash.ps @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.22.3 -%%CreationDate: Mon Jun 20 15:38:03 2016 +%%CreationDate: Thu Jul 14 11:47:50 2016 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%+ font Times-Bold %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3 diff --git a/execute_cmd.c b/execute_cmd.c index 58051057..c0260bf1 100644 --- a/execute_cmd.c +++ b/execute_cmd.c @@ -2928,7 +2928,11 @@ execute_arith_for_command (arith_for_command) and the DEBUG trap. */ line_number = arith_lineno = arith_for_command->line; if (variable_context && interactive_shell) - line_number -= function_line_number; + { + line_number -= function_line_number; + if (line_number < 0) + line_number = 0; + } /* Evaluate the initialization expression. */ expresult = eval_arith_for_expr (arith_for_command->init, &expok); @@ -3482,17 +3486,22 @@ execute_while_or_until (while_command, type) loop. The job control code will set `breaking' to loop_level when a job in a loop is stopped with SIGTSTP. If the stopped job is in the loop test, `breaking' will not be reset unless we do - this, and the shell will cease to execute commands. */ + this, and the shell will cease to execute commands. The same holds + true for `continue'. */ if (type == CMD_WHILE && return_value != EXECUTION_SUCCESS) { if (breaking) breaking--; + if (continuing) + continuing--; break; } if (type == CMD_UNTIL && return_value == EXECUTION_SUCCESS) { if (breaking) breaking--; + if (continuing) + continuing--; break; } @@ -3569,7 +3578,11 @@ execute_arith_command (arith_command) line_number = arith_command->line; /* If we're in a function, update the line number information. */ if (variable_context && interactive_shell) - line_number -= function_line_number; + { + line_number -= function_line_number; + if (line_number < 0) + line_number = 0; + } command_string_index = 0; print_arith_command (arith_command->exp); @@ -3767,7 +3780,11 @@ execute_cond_command (cond_command) line_number = cond_command->line; /* If we're in a function, update the line number information. */ if (variable_context && interactive_shell) - line_number -= function_line_number; + { + line_number -= function_line_number; + if (line_number < 0) + line_number = 0; + } command_string_index = 0; print_cond_command (cond_command); @@ -4008,7 +4025,11 @@ execute_simple_command (simple_command, pipe_in, pipe_out, async, fds_to_close) /* If we're in a function, update the line number information. */ if (variable_context && interactive_shell && sourcelevel == 0) - line_number -= function_line_number; + { + line_number -= function_line_number; + if (line_number < 0) + line_number = 0; + } /* Remember what this command line looks like at invocation. */ command_string_index = 0; @@ -4619,6 +4640,7 @@ execute_function (var, words, flags, fds_to_close, async, subshell) add_unwind_protect (pop_context, (char *)NULL); unwind_protect_int (line_number); unwind_protect_int (line_number_for_err_trap); + unwind_protect_int (function_line_number); unwind_protect_int (return_catch_flag); unwind_protect_jmp_buf (return_catch); add_unwind_protect (dispose_command, (char *)tc); @@ -5362,9 +5384,10 @@ initialize_subshell () history_lines_this_session = 0; #endif -#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) /* Forget about the way job control was working. We are in a subshell. */ without_job_control (); + +#if defined (JOB_CONTROL) set_sigchld_handler (); init_job_stats (); #endif /* JOB_CONTROL */ @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ check_selfref (name, value, flags) #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) if (valid_array_reference (value, 0)) { - t = array_variable_name (value, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL); + t = array_variable_name (value, (char **)NULL, (int *)NULL); if (t && STREQ (name, t)) { free (t); @@ -3845,6 +3845,7 @@ run_sigchld_trap (nchild) unwind_protect_pointer (the_pipeline); unwind_protect_pointer (subst_assign_varlist); unwind_protect_pointer (this_shell_builtin); + unwind_protect_pointer (temporary_env); /* We have to add the commands this way because they will be run in reverse order of adding. We don't want maybe_set_sigchld_trap () @@ -3854,6 +3855,7 @@ run_sigchld_trap (nchild) subst_assign_varlist = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; the_pipeline = (PROCESS *)NULL; + temporary_env = 0; /* traps should not run with temporary env */ running_trap = SIGCHLD + 1; diff --git a/lib/readline/bind.c b/lib/readline/bind.c index 3dbc1cea..f1098c48 100644 --- a/lib/readline/bind.c +++ b/lib/readline/bind.c @@ -2591,9 +2591,9 @@ _rl_get_string_variable_value (name) else if (_rl_stricmp (name, "emacs-mode-string") == 0) return (_rl_emacs_mode_str ? _rl_emacs_mode_str : RL_EMACS_MODESTR_DEFAULT); else if (_rl_stricmp (name, "vi-cmd-mode-string") == 0) - return (_rl_emacs_mode_str ? _rl_emacs_mode_str : RL_VI_CMD_MODESTR_DEFAULT); + return (_rl_vi_cmd_mode_str ? _rl_vi_cmd_mode_str : RL_VI_CMD_MODESTR_DEFAULT); else if (_rl_stricmp (name, "vi-ins-mode-string") == 0) - return (_rl_emacs_mode_str ? _rl_emacs_mode_str : RL_VI_INS_MODESTR_DEFAULT); + return (_rl_vi_ins_mode_str ? _rl_vi_ins_mode_str : RL_VI_INS_MODESTR_DEFAULT); else return (0); } diff --git a/lib/readline/callback.c b/lib/readline/callback.c index fafe5a5a..cc3ce11f 100644 --- a/lib/readline/callback.c +++ b/lib/readline/callback.c @@ -50,6 +50,14 @@ _rl_callback_func_t *_rl_callback_func = 0; _rl_callback_generic_arg *_rl_callback_data = 0; +/* Applications can set this to non-zero to have readline's signal handlers + installed during the entire duration of reading a complete line, as in + readline-6.2. This should be used with care, because it can result in + readline receiving signals and not handling them until it's called again + via rl_callback_read_char, thereby stealing them from the application. + By default, signal handlers are only active while readline is active. */ +int rl_persistent_signal_handlers = 0; + /* **************************************************************** */ /* */ /* Callback Readline Functions */ @@ -82,6 +90,11 @@ _rl_callback_newline () if (rl_prep_term_function) (*rl_prep_term_function) (_rl_meta_flag); + +#if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS) + if (rl_persistent_signal_handlers) + rl_set_signals (); +#endif } readline_internal_setup (); @@ -103,7 +116,8 @@ rl_callback_handler_install (prompt, linefunc) #if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS) #define CALLBACK_READ_RETURN() \ do { \ - rl_clear_signals (); \ + if (rl_persistent_signal_handlers == 0) \ + rl_clear_signals (); \ return; \ } while (0) #else @@ -140,7 +154,8 @@ rl_callback_read_char () #if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS) /* Install signal handlers only when readline has control. */ - rl_set_signals (); + if (rl_persistent_signal_handlers == 0) + rl_set_signals (); #endif do diff --git a/lib/readline/display.c b/lib/readline/display.c index cd9b89f3..41fb0531 100644 --- a/lib/readline/display.c +++ b/lib/readline/display.c @@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ static int _rl_col_width PARAMS((const char *, int, int, int)); buffer index in others. This macro is used when deciding whether the current cursor position is in the middle of a prompt string containing invisible characters. XXX - might need to take `modmark' into account. */ +/* XXX - only valid when tested against _rl_last_c_pos; buffer indices need + to use prompt_last_invisible directly. */ #define PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX \ ((MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0) ? prompt_physical_chars : prompt_last_invisible+1) @@ -1674,10 +1676,10 @@ update_line (old, new, current_line, omax, nmax, inv_botlin) if (lendiff > nmax) lendiff = nmax; od = ofd - old; /* index of first difference in visible line */ - nd = nfd - new; + nd = nfd - new; /* nd, od are buffer indexes */ if (current_line == 0 && !_rl_horizontal_scroll_mode && _rl_term_cr && lendiff > prompt_visible_length && _rl_last_c_pos > 0 && - (((od > 0 || nd > 0) && (od < PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX || nd < PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX)) || + (((od > 0 || nd > 0) && (od <= prompt_last_invisible || nd <= prompt_last_invisible)) || ((od >= lendiff) && _rl_last_c_pos < PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX))) { #if defined (__MSDOS__) @@ -1702,7 +1704,7 @@ update_line (old, new, current_line, omax, nmax, inv_botlin) was within the prompt, see if we need to recompute where the lines differ. Check whether where we are now is past the last place where the old and new lines are the same and short-circuit now if we are. */ - if ((od < PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX || nd < PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX) && + if ((od <= prompt_last_invisible || nd <= prompt_last_invisible) && omax == nmax && lendiff > (ols-old) && lendiff > (nls-new)) return; @@ -1714,7 +1716,7 @@ update_line (old, new, current_line, omax, nmax, inv_botlin) first difference, but you don't know the number of invisible characters in that case. This needs a lot of work to be efficient. */ - if ((od < PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX || nd < PROMPT_ENDING_INDEX)) + if ((od <= prompt_last_invisible || nd <= prompt_last_invisible)) { nfd = new + lendiff; /* number of characters we output above */ nd = lendiff; diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi index 0902852a..b8ce90f9 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi @@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ main (int c, char **v) @{ rl_resize_terminal (); sigwinch_received = 0; - }@ + @} if (r < 0) continue; @@ -1591,6 +1591,22 @@ using the callback interface should be prepared to clean up Readline's state if they wish to handle the signal before the line handler completes and restores the terminal state. +If an application using the callback interface wishes to have Readline +install its signal handlers at the time the application calls +@code{rl_callback_handler_install} and remove them only when a complete +line of input has been read, it should set the +@code{rl_persistent_signal_handlers} variable to a non-zero value. +This allows an application to defer all of the handling of the signals +Readline catches to Readline. +Applications should use this variable with care; it can result in Readline +catching signals and not acting on them (or allowing the application to react +to them) until the application calls @code{rl_callback_read_char}. This +can result in an application becoming less responsive to keyboard signals +like SIGINT. +If an application does not want or need to perform any signal handling, or +does not need to do any processing between calls to @code{rl_callback_read_char}, +setting this variable may be desirable. + Readline provides two variables that allow application writers to control whether or not it will catch certain signals and act on them when they are received. It is important that applications change the @@ -1612,6 +1628,15 @@ Readline will install a signal handler for @code{SIGWINCH}. The default value of @code{rl_catch_sigwinch} is 1. @end deftypevar +@deftypevar int rl_persistent_signal_handlers +If an application using the callback interface wishes Readline's signal +handlers to be installed and active during the set of calls to +@code{rl_callback_read_char} that constitutes an entire single line, +it should set this variable to a non-zero value. + +The default value of @code{rl_persistent_signal_handlers} is 0. +@end deftypevar + @deftypevar int rl_change_environment If this variable is set to a non-zero value, and Readline is handling @code{SIGWINCH}, Readline will modify the @@ -1627,6 +1652,11 @@ for example), Readline provides convenience functions to do the necessary terminal and internal state cleanup upon receipt of a signal. +@deftypefun int rl_pending_signal (void) +Return the signal number of the most recent signal Readline received but +has not yet handled, or 0 if there is no pending signal. +@end deftypefun + @deftypefun void rl_cleanup_after_signal (void) This function will reset the state of the terminal to what it was before @code{readline()} was called, and remove the Readline signal handlers for diff --git a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi index 766864ae..9dc2998a 100644 --- a/lib/readline/doc/version.texi +++ b/lib/readline/doc/version.texi @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @set EDITION 7.0 @set VERSION 7.0 -@set UPDATED 20 April 2016 -@set UPDATED-MONTH April 2016 +@set UPDATED 16 July 2016 +@set UPDATED-MONTH July 2016 -@set LASTCHANGE Wed Apr 20 13:32:48 PDT 2016 +@set LASTCHANGE Sat Jul 16 13:43:15 EDT 2016 diff --git a/lib/readline/readline.h b/lib/readline/readline.h index 0bd2e044..924bbfb0 100644 --- a/lib/readline/readline.h +++ b/lib/readline/readline.h @@ -442,6 +442,8 @@ extern void rl_cleanup_after_signal PARAMS((void)); extern void rl_reset_after_signal PARAMS((void)); extern void rl_free_line_state PARAMS((void)); +extern int rl_pending_signal PARAMS((void)); + extern void rl_echo_signal_char PARAMS((int)); extern int rl_set_paren_blink_timeout PARAMS((int)); @@ -640,7 +642,7 @@ extern rl_compentry_func_t *rl_completion_entry_function; /* Optional generator for menu completion. Default is rl_completion_entry_function (rl_filename_completion_function). */ - extern rl_compentry_func_t *rl_menu_completion_entry_function; +extern rl_compentry_func_t *rl_menu_completion_entry_function; /* If rl_ignore_some_completions_function is non-NULL it is the address of a function to call after all of the possible matches have been @@ -832,6 +834,14 @@ extern int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates; completion character will be inserted as any other. */ extern int rl_inhibit_completion; +/* Applications can set this to non-zero to have readline's signal handlers + installed during the entire duration of reading a complete line, as in + readline-6.2. This should be used with care, because it can result in + readline receiving signals and not handling them until it's called again + via rl_callback_read_char, thereby stealing them from the application. + By default, signal handlers are only active while readline is active. */ +extern int rl_persistent_signal_handlers; + /* Input error; can be returned by (*rl_getc_function) if readline is reading a top-level command (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_READCMD)). */ #define READERR (-2) diff --git a/lib/readline/signals.c b/lib/readline/signals.c index 4c542b39..0b8dda48 100644 --- a/lib/readline/signals.c +++ b/lib/readline/signals.c @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ /* signals.c -- signal handling support for readline. */ -/* Copyright (C) 1987-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +/* Copyright (C) 1987-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing. @@ -585,6 +585,11 @@ rl_free_line_state () _rl_reset_argument (); } +int +rl_pending_signal () +{ + return (_rl_caught_signal); +} #endif /* HANDLE_SIGNALS */ /* **************************************************************** */ @@ -639,12 +639,13 @@ get_original_tty_job_signals () /* Wait for a single pid (PID) and return its exit status. Called by the wait builtin. */ int -wait_for_single_pid (pid) +wait_for_single_pid (pid, flags) pid_t pid; + int flags; { pid_t got_pid; WAIT status; - int pstatus, flags; + int pstatus; pstatus = find_status_by_pid (pid); @@ -995,6 +996,14 @@ stop_making_children () already_making_children = 0; } +/* The name is kind of a misnomer, but it's what the job control code uses. */ +void +without_job_control () +{ + stop_making_children (); + last_made_pid = NO_PID; /* XXX */ +} + int get_job_by_pid (pid, block) pid_t pid; @@ -90,12 +90,6 @@ extern int errno; #define ST_SQUOTE 0x04 /* unused yet */ #define ST_DQUOTE 0x08 /* unused yet */ -/* Flags for the `pflags' argument to param_expand() */ -#define PF_NOCOMSUB 0x01 /* Do not perform command substitution */ -#define PF_IGNUNBOUND 0x02 /* ignore unbound vars even if -u set */ -#define PF_NOSPLIT2 0x04 /* same as W_NOSPLIT2 */ -#define PF_ASSIGNRHS 0x08 /* same as W_ASSIGNRHS */ - /* These defs make it easier to use the editor. */ #define LBRACE '{' #define RBRACE '}' @@ -109,6 +103,9 @@ extern int errno; #define WRPAREN L')' #endif +#define DOLLAR_AT_STAR(c) ((c) == '@' || (c) == '*') +#define STR_DOLLAR_AT_STAR(s) (DOLLAR_AT_STAR ((s)[0]) && (s)[1] == '\0') + /* Evaluates to 1 if C is one of the shell's special parameters whose length can be taken, but is also one of the special expansion characters. */ #define VALID_SPECIAL_LENGTH_PARAM(c) \ @@ -501,6 +498,12 @@ dump_word_flags (flags) f &= ~W_HASDOLLAR; fprintf (stderr, "W_HASDOLLAR%s", f ? "|" : ""); } + if (f & W_COMPLETE) + { + f &= ~W_COMPLETE; + fprintf (stderr, "W_COMPLETE%s", f ? "|" : ""); + } + fprintf (stderr, "\n"); fflush (stderr); } @@ -817,9 +820,9 @@ string_extract (string, sindex, charlist, flags) Backslashes between the embedded double quotes are processed. If STRIPDQ is zero, an unquoted `"' terminates the string. */ static char * -string_extract_double_quoted (string, sindex, stripdq) +string_extract_double_quoted (string, sindex, flags) char *string; - int *sindex, stripdq; + int *sindex, flags; { size_t slen; char *send; @@ -828,11 +831,14 @@ string_extract_double_quoted (string, sindex, stripdq) char *temp, *ret; /* The new string we return. */ int pass_next, backquote, si; /* State variables for the machine. */ int dquote; + int stripdq; DECLARE_MBSTATE; slen = strlen (string + *sindex) + *sindex; send = string + slen; + stripdq = (flags & SX_STRIPDQ); + pass_next = backquote = dquote = 0; temp = (char *)xmalloc (1 + slen - *sindex); @@ -915,7 +921,7 @@ add_one_character: si = i + 2; if (string[i + 1] == LPAREN) - ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, 0); + ret = extract_command_subst (string, &si, (flags & SX_COMPLETE)); else ret = extract_dollar_brace_string (string, &si, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0); @@ -2512,7 +2518,13 @@ string_list_dollar_star (list) <space><tab><newline>, IFS characters in the words in the list should also be split. If IFS is null, and the word is not quoted, we need to quote the words in the list to preserve the positional parameters - exactly. */ + exactly. + Valid values for the FLAGS argument are the PF_ flags in command.h, + the only one we care about is PF_ASSIGNRHS. $@ is supposed to expand + to the positional parameters separated by spaces no matter what IFS is + set to if in a context where word splitting is not performed. The only + one that we didn't handle before is assignment statement arguments to + declaration builtins like `declare'. */ char * string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted, flags) WORD_LIST *list; @@ -2538,7 +2550,13 @@ string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted, flags) # if !defined (__GNUC__) sep = (char *)xmalloc (MB_CUR_MAX + 1); # endif /* !__GNUC__ */ - if (ifs && *ifs) + /* XXX - bash-4.4/bash-5.0 testing PF_ASSIGNRHS */ + if (flags & PF_ASSIGNRHS) + { + sep[0] = ' '; + sep[1] = '\0'; + } + else if (ifs && *ifs) { if (ifs_firstc_len == 1) { @@ -2557,7 +2575,8 @@ string_list_dollar_at (list, quoted, flags) sep[1] = '\0'; } #else - sep[0] = (ifs == 0 || *ifs == 0) ? ' ' : *ifs; + /* XXX - bash-4.4/bash-5.0 test PF_ASSIGNRHS */ + sep[0] = ((flags & PF_ASSIGNRHS) || ifs == 0 || *ifs == 0) ? ' ' : *ifs; sep[1] = '\0'; #endif @@ -4741,7 +4760,7 @@ getpattern (value, quoted, expandpat) if (expandpat && (quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *tword) { i = 0; - pat = string_extract_double_quoted (tword, &i, 1); + pat = string_extract_double_quoted (tword, &i, SX_STRIPDQ); free (tword); tword = pat; } @@ -6424,7 +6443,8 @@ expand_arrayref: { /* Only treat as double quoted if array variable */ if (var && (array_p (var) || assoc_p (var))) - temp = array_value (name, quoted|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0, &atype, &ind); + /* XXX - bash-4.4/bash-5.0 pass AV_ASSIGNRHS */ + temp = array_value (name, quoted|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, AV_ASSIGNRHS, &atype, &ind); else temp = array_value (name, quoted, 0, &atype, &ind); } @@ -6606,7 +6626,7 @@ parameter_brace_expand_rhs (name, value, c, quoted, pflags, qdollaratp, hasdolla if ((quoted & (Q_HERE_DOCUMENT|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES)) && *value) { sindex = 0; - temp = string_extract_double_quoted (value, &sindex, 1); + temp = string_extract_double_quoted (value, &sindex, SX_STRIPDQ); } else temp = value; @@ -6797,7 +6817,7 @@ parameter_brace_expand_length (name) if (name[1] == '\0') /* ${#} */ number = number_of_args (); - else if ((name[1] == '@' || name[1] == '*') && name[2] == '\0') /* ${#@}, ${#*} */ + else if (DOLLAR_AT_STAR (name[1]) && name[2] == '\0') /* ${#@}, ${#*} */ number = number_of_args (); else if ((sh_syntaxtab[(unsigned char) name[1]] & CSPECVAR) && name[2] == '\0') { @@ -7067,7 +7087,7 @@ get_var_and_type (varname, value, ind, quoted, flags, varp, valp) } /* This sets vtype to VT_VARIABLE or VT_POSPARMS */ - vtype = (vname[0] == '@' || vname[0] == '*') && vname[1] == '\0'; + vtype = STR_DOLLAR_AT_STAR (vname); if (vtype == VT_POSPARMS && vname[0] == '*') vtype |= VT_STARSUB; *varp = (SHELL_VAR *)NULL; @@ -7824,7 +7844,7 @@ parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, pflags, quoted_dollar_atp, conta int want_substring, want_indir, want_patsub, want_casemod; char *name, *value, *temp, *temp1; WORD_DESC *tdesc, *ret; - int t_index, sindex, c, tflag, modspec; + int t_index, sindex, c, tflag, modspec, all_element_arrayref; intmax_t number; arrayind_t ind; @@ -7832,6 +7852,8 @@ parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, pflags, quoted_dollar_atp, conta var_is_set = var_is_null = var_is_special = check_nullness = 0; want_substring = want_indir = want_patsub = want_casemod = 0; + all_element_arrayref = 0; + sindex = *indexp; t_index = ++sindex; /* ${#var} doesn't have any of the other parameter expansions on it. */ @@ -8124,6 +8146,7 @@ parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, pflags, quoted_dollar_atp, conta if (valid_array_reference (name, 0)) { int qflags; + char *t; qflags = quoted; /* If in a context where word splitting will not take place, treat as @@ -8131,6 +8154,10 @@ parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, pflags, quoted_dollar_atp, conta if (pflags & PF_ASSIGNRHS) qflags |= Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES; chk_atstar (name, qflags, quoted_dollar_atp, contains_dollar_at); + /* We duplicate a little code here */ + t = mbschr (name, '['); + if (t && ALL_ELEMENT_SUB (t[1]) && t[2] == ']') + all_element_arrayref = 1; } #endif @@ -8160,7 +8187,7 @@ parameter_brace_expand (string, indexp, quoted, pflags, quoted_dollar_atp, conta variable error. */ if (want_substring || want_patsub || want_casemod || c == '#' || c == '%' || c == RBRACE) { - if (var_is_set == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && ((name[0] != '@' && name[0] != '*') || name[1])) + if (var_is_set == 0 && unbound_vars_is_error && ((name[0] != '@' && name[0] != '*') || name[1]) && all_element_arrayref == 0) { last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE; err_unboundvar (name); @@ -8565,7 +8592,7 @@ param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something, /* If we're not quoted but we still don't want word splitting, make we quote the IFS characters to protect them from splitting (e.g., when $@ is in the string as well). */ - else if (quoted == 0 && ifs_is_set && (pflags & PF_ASSIGNRHS)) + else if (temp && quoted == 0 && ifs_is_set && (pflags & PF_ASSIGNRHS)) { temp1 = quote_string (temp); free (temp); @@ -8627,7 +8654,8 @@ param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something, performed? Even when IFS is not the default, posix seems to imply that we behave like unquoted $* ? Maybe we should use PF_NOSPLIT2 here. */ - temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, (pflags & PF_ASSIGNRHS) ? (quoted|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES) : quoted, 0); + /* XXX - bash-4.4/bash-5.0 passing PFLAGS */ + temp = string_list_dollar_at (list, (pflags & PF_ASSIGNRHS) ? (quoted|Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES) : quoted, pflags); tflag |= W_DOLLARAT; dispose_words (list); @@ -8669,7 +8697,9 @@ param_expand (string, sindex, quoted, expanded_something, case LPAREN: /* We have to extract the contents of this paren substitution. */ t_index = zindex + 1; - temp = extract_command_subst (string, &t_index, 0); + /* XXX - might want to check for string[t_index+2] == LPAREN and parse + as arithmetic substitution immediately. */ + temp = extract_command_subst (string, &t_index, (pflags&PF_COMPLETE) ? SX_COMPLETE : 0); zindex = t_index; /* For Posix.2-style `$(( ))' arithmetic substitution, @@ -9105,11 +9135,11 @@ add_string: string[sindex+1] == '~') word->flags |= W_ITILDE; #endif -#if 0 - /* XXX - bash-5.0 */ + + /* XXX - bash-4.4/bash-5.0 */ if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG) - word->flags |= W_ASSIGNRHS; -#endif + word->flags |= W_ASSIGNRHS; /* affects $@ */ + if (isexp == 0 && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2)) == 0 && isifs (c)) goto add_ifs_character; else @@ -9191,6 +9221,8 @@ add_string: pflags |= PF_NOSPLIT2; if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNRHS) pflags |= PF_ASSIGNRHS; + if (word->flags & W_COMPLETE) + pflags |= PF_COMPLETE; tword = param_expand (string, &sindex, quoted, expanded_something, &temp_has_dollar_at, "ed_dollar_at, &had_quoted_null, pflags); @@ -9329,7 +9361,7 @@ add_twochars: goto add_character; t_index = ++sindex; - temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &sindex, 0); + temp = string_extract_double_quoted (string, &sindex, (word->flags & W_COMPLETE) ? SX_COMPLETE : 0); /* If the quotes surrounded the entire string, then the whole word was quoted. */ @@ -9341,11 +9373,13 @@ add_twochars: { tword = alloc_word_desc (); tword->word = temp; -#if 0 - /* XXX - bash-5.0 */ + + /* XXX - bash-4.4/bash-5.0 */ if (word->flags & W_ASSIGNARG) - tword->flags |= word->flags & (W_ASSIGNARG|W_ASSIGNRHS); -#endif + tword->flags |= word->flags & (W_ASSIGNARG|W_ASSIGNRHS); /* affects $@ */ + if (word->flags & W_COMPLETE) + tword->flags |= W_COMPLETE; /* for command substitutions */ + temp = (char *)NULL; temp_has_dollar_at = 0; /* XXX */ @@ -9369,7 +9403,7 @@ add_twochars: /* "$@" (a double-quoted dollar-at) expands into nothing, not even a NULL word, when there are no positional parameters. */ - if (list == 0 && has_dollar_at) + if (list == 0 && temp_has_dollar_at) /* XXX - was has_dollar_at */ { quoted_dollar_at++; break; @@ -9389,7 +9423,7 @@ add_twochars: if (list && list->word && (list->word->flags & W_HASQUOTEDNULL)) had_quoted_null = 1; /* XXX */ - if (has_dollar_at) + if (temp_has_dollar_at) /* XXX - was has_dollar_at */ { quoted_dollar_at++; if (contains_dollar_at) @@ -9501,8 +9535,9 @@ add_twochars: remove_quoted_escapes (temp); /* ??? */ /* We do not want to add quoted nulls to strings that are only - partially quoted; such nulls are discarded. */ - if (temp == 0 && (quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED)) + partially quoted; such nulls are discarded. See above for the + exception, which is when the string is going to be split. */ + if (temp == 0 && (quoted_state == PARTIALLY_QUOTED) && (word->flags & (W_NOSPLIT|W_NOSPLIT2))) continue; /* If we have a quoted null expansion, add a quoted NULL to istring. */ @@ -9604,6 +9639,8 @@ finished_with_string: /* According to sh, ksh, and Posix.2, if a word expands into nothing and a double-quoted "$@" appears anywhere in it, then the entire word is removed. */ + /* XXX - exception appears to be that quoted null strings result in + null arguments */ else if (quoted_state == UNQUOTED || quoted_dollar_at) list = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; #if 0 @@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ #define SX_POSIXEXP 0x0100 /* extracting new Posix pattern removal expansions in extract_dollar_brace_string */ #define SX_WORD 0x0200 /* extracting word in ${param op word} */ #define SX_COMPLETE 0x0400 /* extracting word for completion */ +#define SX_STRIPDQ 0x0800 /* strip double quotes when extracting double-quoted string */ /* Remove backslashes which are quoting backquotes from STRING. Modifies STRING, and returns a pointer to it. */ diff --git a/tests/dollar-at-star b/tests/dollar-at-star index 6b34abf2..2d2a1b66 100755 --- a/tests/dollar-at-star +++ b/tests/dollar-at-star @@ -220,6 +220,11 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./dollar-at-star5.sub ${THIS_SH} ./dollar-at-star6.sub ${THIS_SH} ./dollar-at-star7.sub +# tests for expansions of $@ and ${a[@]} (vs. $* and ${a[*]}) on the RHS of +# assignment statements with non-default IFS: $@ expands to args or array +# members separated by spaces +${THIS_SH} ./dollar-at-star8.sub + # tests for special expansion of "$*" and "${array[*]}" when used with other # expansions -- bugs through bash-2.05b ${THIS_SH} ./dollar-star1.sub diff --git a/tests/dollar-at-star8.sub b/tests/dollar-at-star8.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7e1b6884 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/dollar-at-star8.sub @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +function f { + typeset -a a + a=("$@") + typeset IFS=, + typeset a1="${a[@]} ${a[*]} $@ $* ${@} ${*}" + typeset a2=${a[@]}\ ${a[*]}\ $@\ $*\ ${@}\ ${*} a3 a4 + a3="${a[@]} ${a[*]} $@ $* ${@} ${*}" + a4=${a[@]}\ ${a[*]}\ $@\ $*\ ${@}\ ${*} + unset -v IFS + printf '%s\n' "a1=$a1" "a2=$a2" "a3=$a3" "a4=$a4" +} + +echo +f a b c diff --git a/tests/dollar.right b/tests/dollar.right index 8d21b6d7..1e48c24e 100644 --- a/tests/dollar.right +++ b/tests/dollar.right @@ -294,6 +294,11 @@ argv[3] = <'c'> |is| |a| |test| + +a1=a b c a,b,c a b c a,b,c a b c a,b,c +a2=a b c a,b,c a b c a,b,c a b c a,b,c +a3=a b c a,b,c a b c a,b,c a b c a,b,c +a4=a b c a,b,c a b c a,b,c a b c a,b,c xa|xb|xc xa|xb|xc a|b|c diff --git a/tests/exp.right b/tests/exp.right index 5e6d6cbb..11b49ffa 100644 --- a/tests/exp.right +++ b/tests/exp.right @@ -234,3 +234,103 @@ declare -a array=([0]=$'x\001y\177z') argv[1] = <x^Ay^?z> declare -a array=([0]=$'x\001y\177z') declare -A array=([$'x\001y\177z']=$'a\242b\002c' ) +abc +def +ghi +jkl +abc def ghi jkl +xxabc +def +ghi +jklyy +xxabc def ghi jklyy +abc +def +ghi +jkl +abc +def ghi +jkl +abc +def ghi +jkl +abc +def ghi +jkl +xxabc +def +ghi +jklyy +xxabc +def ghi +jklyy +abc +def +ghi +jklabc +def +ghi +jkl +abc +def ghi +jklabc +def ghi +jkl +abc:def ghi:jkl +abc:def ghi:jkl +abc:def ghi:jkl +abc +def ghi +jkl +abc:def ghi:jkl +abc:def ghi:jkl +abc +def ghi +jkl +var=abc:def ghi:jkl +abc:def ghi:jkl +var=abc:def ghi:jkl +abcdef ghijkl +abcdef ghijkl +abcdef ghijkl +abcdef ghijkl +abcdef ghijkl +abcdef ghijkl +abcdef ghijkl +var=abcdef ghijkl +abcdef ghijkl +var=abcdef ghijkl +abc +def ghi +jkl +abc def ghi jkl +abc def ghi jkl +abc def ghi jkl +abc +def +ghi +jkl +abc def ghi jkl +abc def ghi jkl +abc +def +ghi +jkl +var=abc def ghi jkl +abc def ghi jkl +var=abc def ghi jkl +abc +def ghi +jkl +[foo] +[] +[foo] +[] +[foo] +[foo] +[foo] +[] +[foo] +[] +[foo] +[] diff --git a/tests/exp.tests b/tests/exp.tests index e6e2bc55..b446d637 100644 --- a/tests/exp.tests +++ b/tests/exp.tests @@ -404,3 +404,4 @@ ${THIS_SH} ./exp5.sub ${THIS_SH} ./exp6.sub ${THIS_SH} ./exp7.sub ${THIS_SH} ./exp8.sub +${THIS_SH} ./exp9.sub diff --git a/tests/exp9.sub b/tests/exp9.sub new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a0399c7a --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/exp9.sub @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +# expansion test cases from Posix interp 888 + +set "abc" "def ghi" "jkl" +unset novar +IFS=' ' # a space +printf '%s\n' $* +printf '%s\n' "$*" +printf '%s\n' xx$*yy +printf '%s\n' "xx$*yy" +printf '%s\n' $@ +printf '%s\n' "$@" +printf '%s\n' ${1+"$@"} +printf '%s\n' ${novar-"$@"} +printf '%s\n' xx$@yy +printf '%s\n' "xx$@yy" +printf '%s\n' $@$@ +printf '%s\n' "$@$@" +IFS=':' +printf '%s\n' "$*" +var=$*; printf '%s\n' "$var" +var="$*"; printf '%s\n' "$var" +unset var +printf '%s\n' ${var-$*} +printf '%s\n' "${var-$*}" +printf '%s\n' ${var-"$*"} +printf '%s\n' ${var=$*} +printf 'var=%s\n' "$var" +unset var +printf '%s\n' "${var=$*}" +printf 'var=%s\n' "$var" + +IFS='' # null +printf '%s\n' "$*" +var=$*; printf '%s\n' "$var" +var="$*"; printf '%s\n' "$var" +unset var +printf '%s\n' ${var-$*} +printf '%s\n' "${var-$*}" +printf '%s\n' ${var-"$*"} +printf '%s\n' ${var=$*} +printf 'var=%s\n' "$var" +unset var +printf '%s\n' "${var=$*}" +printf 'var=%s\n' "$var" +printf '%s\n' "$@" + +unset IFS +printf '%s\n' "$*" +var=$*; printf '%s\n' "$var" +var="$*"; printf '%s\n' "$var" +unset var +printf '%s\n' ${var-$*} +printf '%s\n' "${var-$*}" +printf '%s\n' ${var-"$*"} +printf '%s\n' ${var=$*} +printf 'var=%s\n' "$var" +unset var +printf '%s\n' "${var=$*}" +printf 'var=%s\n' "$var" +printf '%s\n' "$@" + +set -- +printf '[%s]\n' foo "$*" +printf '[%s]\n' foo "$novar$*$(echo)" +printf '[%s]\n' foo $@ +printf '[%s]\n' foo "$@" +printf '[%s]\n' foo ''$@ +printf '[%s]\n' foo ''"$@" +printf '[%s]\n' foo ''"$novar$@$(echo)" @@ -286,6 +286,7 @@ run_pending_traps () register int sig; int old_exit_value, x; WORD_LIST *save_subst_varlist; + HASH_TABLE *save_tempenv; sh_parser_state_t pstate; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) ARRAY *ps; @@ -397,6 +398,8 @@ run_pending_traps () save_parser_state (&pstate); save_subst_varlist = subst_assign_varlist; subst_assign_varlist = 0; + save_tempenv = temporary_env; + temporary_env = 0; /* traps should not run with temporary env */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) save_pipeline (1); /* XXX only provides one save level */ @@ -410,6 +413,7 @@ run_pending_traps () subst_assign_varlist = save_subst_varlist; restore_parser_state (&pstate); + temporary_env = save_tempenv; } pending_traps[sig] = 0; /* XXX - move before evalstring? */ @@ -941,6 +945,7 @@ _run_trap_internal (sig, tag) int flags; procenv_t save_return_catch; WORD_LIST *save_subst_varlist; + HASH_TABLE *save_tempenv; sh_parser_state_t pstate; #if defined (ARRAY_VARS) ARRAY *ps; @@ -977,6 +982,8 @@ _run_trap_internal (sig, tag) save_parser_state (&pstate); save_subst_varlist = subst_assign_varlist; subst_assign_varlist = 0; + save_tempenv = temporary_env; + temporary_env = 0; /* traps should not run with temporary env */ #if defined (JOB_CONTROL) if (sig != DEBUG_TRAP) /* run_debug_trap does this */ @@ -1014,6 +1021,8 @@ _run_trap_internal (sig, tag) restore_pipestatus_array (ps); #endif + temporary_env = save_tempenv; + sigmodes[sig] &= ~SIG_INPROGRESS; running_trap = 0; interrupt_state = old_int; |