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|
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='EUC-KR' ?>
<!DOCTYPE manualpage SYSTEM "../style/manualpage.dtd">
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="../style/manual.ko.xsl"?>
<!-- English Revision: 1.12 -->
<!--
Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<manualpage metafile="cgi.xml.meta">
<parentdocument href="./">How-To / Tutorials</parentdocument>
<title>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ÅõÅ丮¾ó: CGI¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ µ¿Àû ÆäÀÌÁö »ý¼º</title>
<section id="intro">
<title>¼Ò°³</title>
<related>
<modulelist>
<module>mod_alias</module>
<module>mod_cgi</module>
</modulelist>
<directivelist>
<directive module="mod_mime">AddHandler</directive>
<directive module="core">Options</directive>
<directive module="mod_alias">ScriptAlias</directive>
</directivelist>
</related>
<p>CGI (Common Gateway Interface)´Â À¥¼¹ö°¡ º¸Åë CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥
ȤÀº CGI ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â, (À¥ÆäÀÌÁö ³»¿ëÀ» ¸¸µå´Â) ¿ÜºÎ
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥°ú Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¤ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ µ¿ÀûÀÎ
ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â °¡Àå ÈçÇÏ°í °£´ÜÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡
À¥¼¹ö¿¡ CGI¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°í, CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À»
ÀÛ¼ºÇغ»´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="configuring">
<title>CGI¸¦ Çã¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ</title>
<p>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ·Á¸é CGI ½ÇÇàÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï
¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯°¡Áö´Ù.</p>
<section id="scriptalias">
<title>ScriptAlias</title>
<p><directive module="mod_alias">ScriptAlias</directive>
Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ƯÁ¤ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿ëÀ¸·Î
µÐ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀÌ CGI
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ¿© Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¿äûÇϸé ÀÚ¿øÀ»
½ÇÇàÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p><directive module="mod_alias">ScriptAlias</directive>
Áö½Ã¾î´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/
</example>
<p>À§ ¿¹Á¦´Â ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ±âº» Àå¼Ò¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ °æ¿ì
<code>httpd.conf</code> ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ´Ù. <directive
module="mod_alias">ScriptAlias</directive> Áö½Ã¾î´Â <directive
module="mod_alias">Alias</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¿Í °°ÀÌ URL
¾ÕºÎºÐÀ» ƯÁ¤ µð·ºÅ丮·Î ´ëÀÀÇÑ´Ù.
<directive>Alias</directive>¿Í
<directive>ScriptAlias</directive>´Â º¸Åë <directive
module="core">DocumentRoot</directive> µð·ºÅ丮 ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. <directive>Alias</directive>¿Í
<directive>ScriptAlias</directive>ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº
<directive>ScriptAlias</directive>°¡ Ãß°¡·Î URL ¾ÕºÎºÐÀ¸·Î
½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀ» CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î Ãë±ÞÇÏ´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¡¼ À§ÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¿¡°Ô <code>/cgi-bin/</code>À¸·Î
½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¿äûÇϸé
<code>/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/</code> µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼
ã¾Æ¼ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ó¸®Ç϶ó°í ¾Ë¸°´Ù.</p>
<p>¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, URL
<code>http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/test.pl</code>À»
¿äûÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â
<code>/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/test.pl</code> ÆÄÀÏÀ»
½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© °á°ú¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ½ÇÇà°¡´ÉÇϸç
¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Îµç Ãâ·ÂÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â
¿À·ù¹®À» º¸³½´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="nonscriptalias">
<title>ScriptAlias µð·ºÅ丮 ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ´Â CGI</title>
<p>º¸Åë º¸¾È»ó ÀÌÀ¯¶§¹®¿¡ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº <directive
module="mod_alias">ScriptAlias</directive>ÇÑ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡
ÇÑÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ´©°¡ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ö°ÝÈ÷ °¨µ¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àû´çÇÑ º¸¾ÈÁ¶Ä¡¸¦
ÃëÇß´Ù¸é ¾Æ¹« µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼³ª CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»
ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, <directive
module="mod_userdir">UserDir</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ È¨µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ À¥ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ °¡Áö´Â °æ¿ì¸¦
°¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ. »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀºµ¥
<code>cgi-bin</code> µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ Á¢±Ù±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, ´Ù¸¥
°÷¿¡¼¶óµµ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.</p>
<p>¾Æ¹« µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼³ª CGI ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é µÎ °úÁ¤ÀÌ
ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú, <directive
module="mod_mime">AddHandler</directive>³ª <directive
module="core">SetHandler</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
<code>cgi-script</code> Çڵ鷯¸¦ ÀÛµ¿ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µÎ¹ø°·Î,
<directive module="core">Options</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¿¡
<code>ExecCGI</code>¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="options">
<title>Options¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î CGI ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇϱâ</title>
<p>¼¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Á÷Á¢ <directive
module="core">Options</directive> Áö½Ã¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ƯÁ¤
µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼ CGI ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<Directory /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/somedir><br />
<indent>
Options +ExecCGI<br />
</indent>
</Directory>
</example>
<p>À§ Áö½Ã¾î·Î ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â CGI ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶²
ÆÄÀÏÀÌ CGI ÆÄÀÏÀÎÁöµµ ¼¹ö¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ <directive
module="mod_mime">AddHandler</directive> Áö½Ã¾î´Â ¼¹ö¿¡°Ô
È®ÀåÀÚ°¡ <code>cgi</code>³ª <code>pl</code>ÀÎ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¸ðµÎ
CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̶ó°í ¾Ë¸°´Ù.</p>
<example>
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl
</example>
</section>
<section id="htaccess">
<title>.htaccess ÆÄÀÏ</title>
<p><a href="htaccess.html"><code>.htaccess</code> ÅõÅ丮¾ó</a>Àº
<code>httpd.conf</code>¿¡ Á¢±Ù±ÇÇÑÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À»
»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="userdir">
<title>»ç¿ëÀÚ µð·ºÅ丮</title>
<p>¾Æ·¡ ¼³Á¤À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼ <code>.cgi</code>·Î
³¡³ª´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<Directory /home/*/public_html><br/>
<indent>
Options +ExecCGI<br/>
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi<br/>
</indent>
</Directory>
</example>
<p>´ÙÀ½À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ <code>cgi-bin</code>
ÇÏÀ§µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀ» CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ÀνÄÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
<Directory /home/*/public_html/cgi-bin><br/>
<indent>
Options ExecCGI<br/>
SetHandler cgi-script<br/>
</indent>
</Directory>
</example>
</section>
</section>
<section id="writing">
<title>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÛ¼ºÇϱâ</title>
<p>``ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ'' ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö°ú CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö »çÀÌ¿¡´Â µÎ°¡Áö
ÁÖµÈ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>ù¹ø° Â÷ÀÌ´Â CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ´Ù¸¥ Ãâ·ÂÀ» ÇϱâÀü¿¡ ¸ÕÀú
MIME-type Çì´õ¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. HTTP Çì´õ´Â
Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡°Ô Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ¾î¶² ³»¿ëÀ» ¹Þ°ÔµÉÁö ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë¸°´Ù.
º¸Åë ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.</p>
<example>
Content-type: text/html
</example>
<p>µÎ¹ø° Â÷ÀÌ´Â HTML ȤÀº ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ º¸¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î
Ãâ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì HTMLÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏÁö¸¸,
¶§¶§·Î gif ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ HTMLÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ³»¿ëÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â CGI
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>µÎ°¡Áö¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÛ¼ºÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¸¸µé¾î º¸¾ÒÀ»
´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µé°ú ¸Å¿ì ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.</p>
<section id="firstcgi">
<title>óÀ½À¸·Î ¸¸µç CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥</title>
<p>´ÙÀ½Àº ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¿¡ ÇÑ ÁÙÀ» Âï´Â CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¿¹Á¦´Ù.
±×´ë·Î <code>first.pl</code>À̶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í,
<code>cgi-bin</code> µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ º¹»çÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
#!/usr/bin/perl<br />
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";<br />
print "Hello, World.";
</example>
<p>Perl¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´ÂÁö ¾Ë ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ù¹ø° ÁÙÀº ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡(ȤÀº »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ½©)¿¡°Ô
<code>/usr/bin/perl</code> À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ½ÇÇàÇ϶ó°í ¾Ë¸°´Ù. µÎ¹ø° ÁÙÀº ¹æ±Ý
¸»ÇÑ content-type ¼±¾ðÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°í carriage-return ÁٹٲÞÀ»
µÎ¹ø Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é Çì´õ µÚ¿¡ HTTP Çì´õÀÇ ³¡À» ¶æÇÏ´Â
ºóÁÙÀÌ »ý±â°í, º»¹®ÀÌ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼¹ø° ÁÙÀº "Hello, World."
¹®ÀÚ¿À» Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ¸·Î ³¡ÀÌ´Ù.</p>
<p>ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù</p>
<example>
http://www.example.com/cgi-bin/first.pl
</example>
<p>ÆÄÀÏ Àå¼Ò¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇϸé, ºê¶ó¿ìÀúâ¿¡ <code>Hello, World.</code>
ÇÑ ÁÙÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ. ÈïºÐµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, Çѹø µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ»
º¸¾ÒÀ¸´Ï ÀÌÁ¦ ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ» ½ÃµµÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="troubleshoot">
<title>±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¿ä!</title>
<p>À¥¿¡¼ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÒ¶§ ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¿¡ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
³»¿ëÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ³×°¡Áö´Ù.</p>
<dl>
<dt>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ Ãâ·Â</dt>
<dd>ÁÁ´Ù! ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. Ãâ·ÂÀº Á¤È®ÇÏÁö¸¸
ºê¶ó¿ìÀú°¡ ¿Ã¹Ù·Î ó¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡¼
¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ <code>Content-Type</code>À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿´´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.</dd>
<dt>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¼Ò½ºÄÚµå ȤÀº "POST Method Not Allowed"
¹®±¸</dt>
<dd>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇϵµ·Ï ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. <a href="#configuring">¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ</a>
ÀýÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÀÐ°í »©¸ÔÀº ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ã¾ÆºÁ¶ó.</dd>
<dt>"Forbidden"À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¹®±¸</dt>
<dd>±ÇÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. <a href="#errorlogs">¾ÆÆÄÄ¡
¿À·ù ·Î±×</a>¿Í ¾Æ·¡ <a href="#permissions">ÆÄÀϱÇÇÑ</a>
ÀýÀ» È®ÀÎÇ϶ó.</dd>
<dt>"Internal Server Error"¶ó´Â ¹®±¸</dt>
<dd><a href="#errorlogs">¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¿À·ù ·Î±×</a>¸¦ º¸¸é ¾Æ¸¶µµ
CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ ¿À·ù¹®°ú ÇÔ²² "Premature end of
script headers"°¡ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¾Æ·¡ ³»¿ëµéÀ» Çϳª¾¿
È®ÀÎÇÏ¿© ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯·Î CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÀûÀýÇÑ HTTP Çì´õ¸¦
Ãâ·ÂÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù.</dd>
</dl>
<section id="permissions">
<title>ÆÄÀϱÇÇÑ</title>
<p>¼¹ö´Â ´ç½Å°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °èÁ¤À¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¸í½ÉÇ϶ó.
Áï, ¼¹ö°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¸é ¼¹ö´Â ºñƯ±Ç »ç¿ëÀÚ ±ÇÇÑ(º¸Åë
<code>nobody</code>³ª <code>www</code>)À¸·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¡¼ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ·Á¸é ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ <code>nobody</code>°¡ ½ÇÇàÇϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ±ÇÇÑÀ»
ÁÖ±âÀ§ÇØ º¸Åë ¸ðµÎ¿¡°Ô ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ½ÇÇà ±ÇÇÑÀ» ÁØ´Ù.</p>
<example>
chmod a+x first.pl
</example>
<p>¶Ç, ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Àаųª ¾´´Ù¸é ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡µµ
ÀûÀýÇÑ ±ÇÇÑÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="pathinformation">
<title>°æ·Î Á¤º¸¿Í ȯ°æ</title>
<p>¸í·ÉÇà¿¡¼ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇϸé ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¾î¶² Á¤º¸°¡
½©·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, <code>PATH</code>´Â ½©¿¡°Ô ´ç½ÅÀÌ
¸»ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ãÀ» Àå¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù.</p>
<p>À¥¼¹ö°¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§´Â
<code>PATH</code>°¡ ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (¿¹¸¦ µé¾î,
<code>sendmail</code> °°ÀÌ) CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¾È¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â
¸í·É¾î´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ °æ·Î·Î ¸í½ÃÇØ¾ß ½©ÀÌ ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>°æ·Î ¹®Á¦´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ù¹ø° ÁÙ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â
½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍ (º¸Åë <code>perl</code>) °æ·Î¿¡¼
ÀÚÁÖ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
#!/usr/bin/perl
</example>
<p>½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®ÅÍÀÇ °æ·ÎÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>¶Ç, CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ <a href="#env">ȯ°æº¯¼ö</a>¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡ ÀÌ º¯¼öµéÀ» ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞÇؾß
ÇÑ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="syntaxerrors">
<title>ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¿À·ù</title>
<p>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ´ëºÎºÐ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÚü
¹®Á¦¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ À§ÀÇ µÎ°¡Áö ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í ÀÌ ±ÛÀ»
°è¼Ó º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´õ´õ¿í ±×·¸´Ù. ¸ÕÀú À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàÇϱâ
Àü¿¡ ¸í·ÉÇà¿¡¼ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇغ»´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´ÙÀ½°ú
°°ÀÌ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<example>
cd /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin<br/>
./first.pl
</example>
<p>(<code>perl</code> ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®Å͸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó. ½©°ú
¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® ù¹ø° ÁÙ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â <a
href="#pathinformation">°æ·Î Á¤º¸</a>¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÀÎÅÍÇÁ¸®Å͸¦
ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.)</p>
<p>ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú <code>Content-Type</code>À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ
HTTP Çì´õµéÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°í ºó ÁÙÀ» Ãâ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ»
Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù¸é À¥¼¹ö¿¡¼ ½ÇÇàÇÒ °æ¿ì ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â <code>Premature
end of script headers</code>¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº
À§ÀÇ <a href="#writing">CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ÀÛ¼ºÇϱâ</a>¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó.</p>
</section>
<section id="errorlogs">
<title>¿À·ù ·Î±×</title>
<p>¿À·ù ·Î±×´Â ´ç½Å ÆíÀÌ´Ù. ¹«¾ð°¡ À߸øµÇ¸é ¿À·ù ·Î±×¿¡
¹®±¸°¡ »ý±ä´Ù. ¿À·ù ·Î±×¸¦ Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú »ìÆìºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À¥»çÀÌÆ®¸¦
È£½ºÆÃÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡¼ ¿À·ù ·Î±×¸¦ º¸Áö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ
´Ù¸¥ ¾÷ü¸¦ ¾Ë¾ÆºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿À·ù ·Î±×¸¦ º¸´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÀÍÈ÷¸é,
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ »¡¸® ÆľÇÇÏ¿© ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="suexec">
<title>Suexec</title>
<p><a href="../suexec.html">suexec</a> Áö¿ø ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À»
»ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¾î¶² °¡»óÈ£½ºÆ® ȤÀº ¾î¶² »ç¿ëÀÚ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡
µû¶ó CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ´Ù¸¥ »ç¿ëÀÚ ±ÇÇÑÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Suexec´Â ¸Å¿ì ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô ±ÇÇÑÀ» °Ë»çÇϸç, °Ë»ç¸¦ Çϳª¶óµµ
Åë°úÇÏÁö ¸øÇϸé CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í <code>Premature
end of script headers</code>¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>suexec¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë·Á¸é <code>apachectl -V</code>¸¦
½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© <code>SUEXEC_BIN</code> À§Ä¡¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡°¡
½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§ ±× Àå¼Ò¿¡¼ suexec ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϸé, suexec¸¦
»ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>suexec¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù¸é »ç¿ëÇؼ´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
suexec¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á¸é <code>SUEXEC_BIN</code> À§Ä¡¿¡
ÀÖ´Â <code>suexec</code> ½ÇÇàÆÄÀÏÀ» Áö¿ì°í (ȤÀº ÆÄÀϸíÀ»
¹Ù²Ù°í) ¼¹ö¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. <a
href="../suexec.html">suexec</a>¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÐÀº ´ÙÀ½ ±×·¡µµ
»ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é, <code>suexec -V</code>¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© suexec
·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ À§Ä¡¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³»°í ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î¶² ±ÔÄ¢À»
¾î±â°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ã´Â´Ù.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="behindscenes">
<title>µÚ¿¡¼´Â ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁö´Â°¡?</title>
<p>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹Ö¿¡ Àͼ÷ÇØÁú¼ö·Ï µÚ¿¡¼ ¹ú¾îÁö´Â ÀÏÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϸé
µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¿Í ¼¹ö°¡ ¼·Î Åë½ÅÇÏ´Â
¹æ¹ýÀ» ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ô¶óµµ "Hello, World."¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ´Â
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·± ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº º°·Î ¾µ¸ð°¡
¾ø±â¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.</p>
<section id="env">
<title>ȯ°æº¯¼ö</title>
<p>ȯ°æº¯¼ö´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ´ç½Å ÁÖÀ§¸¦
¶°´Ù´Ï´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. ȯ°æº¯¼ö´Â path (ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ
¸í·É¾î¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ã´Â Àå¼Ò), »ç¿ëÀÚ¸í, Å͹̳Î
Á¾·ù¿Í °°ÀÌ À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀΠȯ°æº¯¼ö¸¦ ¸ðµÎ º¸·Á¸é
¸í·ÉÇà ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®¿¡¼ <code>env</code>¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>CGI¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§µµ ¼¹ö¿Í ºê¶ó¿ìÀú´Â °¢ÀÚÀÇ È¯°æº¯¼ö¸¦
¼·Î ±³È¯ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¤º¸¿¡´Â ºê¶ó¿ìÀú Á¾·ù (Netscape, IE,
Lynx), ¼¹ö Á¾·ù (¾ÆÆÄÄ¡, IIS, WebSite), ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â CGI
ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¸í µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¡¸Ó´Â ÀÌ·± º¯¼öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í,
ȯ°æº¯¼ö´Â Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®-¼¹ö Åë½Å¿¡´Â ÀϺκÐÀ» Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
Àüü Çʼö º¯¼ö ¸ñ·ÏÀº <a
href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html"
>http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/env.html</a>¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>¾Æ·¡ °£´ÜÇÑ Perl CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Àڽſ¡°Ô Àü´ÞµÈ ¸ðµç
ȯ°æº¯¼ö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¹èÆ÷º»ÀÇ <code>cgi-bin</code>
µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ µÎ°³ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î¸î º¯¼ö´Â
ÇʼöÀÌ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ °ø½Ä ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ ¾ø´Â
º¯¼öµµ º¸ÀδÙ. ¶Ç, ¾ÆÆÄÄ¡´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦°øÇϴ ȯ°æº¯¼ö
¿Ü¿¡ ¿©·¯°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î <a href="../env.html">Á÷Á¢ ȯ°æº¯¼ö¸¦
Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù</a>.</p>
<example>
#!/usr/bin/perl<br />
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";<br />
foreach $key (keys %ENV) {<br />
<indent>
print "$key --> $ENV{$key}<br>";<br />
</indent>
}
</example>
</section>
<section id="stdin">
<title>STDIN°ú STDOUT</title>
<p>¶Ç, ¼¹ö¿Í Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®´Â Ç¥ÁØÀÔ·Â(<code>STDIN</code>)°ú
Ç¥ÁØÃâ·Â(<code>STDOUT</code>)À¸·Î Åë½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì
<code>STDIN</code>Àº Å°º¸µå³ª ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Ã³¸®ÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ»
³ªÅ¸³»°í, <code>STDOUT</code>Àº º¸Åë ÄܼÖÀ̳ª ȸéÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡°Ô À¥ ¾ç½Ä(form)À» <code>POST</code>Çϸé
¾ç½Ä¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ ÀڷḦ Ưº°ÇÑ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹¾î¼ CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ
<code>STDIN</code>À¸·Î Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Å°º¸µå³ª
ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ ¾òÀº ÀڷḦ ó¸®ÇϵíÀÌ ÀڷḦ ó¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>"Ưº°ÇÑ Çü½Ä"Àº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. Ç׸ñ À̸§°ú °ªÀ» µîÈ£(=)·Î
¿¬°áÇÏ°í, Ç׸ñ À̸§°ú °ªÀÇ ½ÖµéÀ» ¼·Î ¾ØÆÛ»÷µå(&)·Î
¿¬°áÇÑ´Ù. °ø¹é, ¾ÚÆÛ»÷µå, µîÈ£ °°Àº ºÎÀÚ¿¬½º·¯¿î ¹®ÀÚ´Â
È¥µ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï 16Áø¼ö·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÀÚ·á ¹®ÀÚ¿Àº
´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ »ý°å´Ù.</p>
<example>
name=Rich%20Bowen&city=Lexington&state=KY&sidekick=Squirrel%20Monkey
</example>
<p>Á¾Á¾ URL µÚ¿¡¼ ÀÌ·± ¹®ÀÚ¿À» º¸°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¼¹ö´Â
¹®ÀÚ¿À» <code>QUERY_STRING</code>À̶ó´Â ȯ°æº¯¼ö¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
À̸¦ <code>GET</code> ¿äûÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. <code>FORM</code>
ű×ÀÇ <code>METHOD</code> ¼Ó¼ºÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© HTML ¾ç½Ä(form)ÀÌ
ÀڷḦ <code>GET</code>ÇÒÁö <code>POST</code>ÇÒÁö °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.</p>
<p>ÀÌÁ¦ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ÀÌ·± ¹®ÀÚ¿À» À¯¿ëÇÑ Á¤º¸·Î ÂÉ°³¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÇàÈ÷µµ ÀÌ·± ÀÚ·á 󸮸¦ µ½°í CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥
¿©·¯ ¸éÀ» »ìÇÇ´Â ¶óÀ̺귯¸®¿Í ¸ðµâµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="libraries">
<title>CGI ¸ðµâ/¶óÀ̺귯¸®</title>
<p>CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÒ¶§ Áö·çÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ´ë½ÅÇØÁÖ´Â ÄÚµå
¶óÀ̺귯¸® ȤÀº ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒÁö °í·ÁÇغÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °ÍÀ»
»ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¹ö±×°¡ ÁÙ°í ´õ »¡¸® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» °³¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>Perl·Î CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù¸é <a
href="http://www.cpan.org/">CPAN</a>¿¡¼ °ü·Ã ¸ðµâµéÀ» ãÀ»
¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. CGI °³¹ß¿¡ °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¸ðµâÀº
<code>CGI.pm</code>ÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥¿¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ ÃÖ¼Ò
±â´ÉÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÑ <code>CGI::Lite</code>µµ °í·ÁÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>C·Î CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù¸é ¼±ÅÃÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ÀÌÁß
Çϳª°¡ <a
href="http://www.boutell.com/cgic/">http://www.boutell.com/cgic/</a>¿¡
ÀÖ´Â <code>CGIC</code> ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Ù.</p>
</section>
<section id="moreinfo">
<title>´õ ¸¹Àº Á¤º¸...</title>
<p>À¥¿¡ ¸Å¿ì ¸¹Àº CGI Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´º½º±×·ì <a
href="news:comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi"
>comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi</a>¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ »ç¶÷µé°ú
CGI ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³íÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. HTML Writers GuildÀÇ -servers
¸ÞÀϸµ¸®½ºÆ®´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀ» ã±â¿¡ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Àå¼Ò´Ù. <a
href="http://www.hwg.org/lists/hwg-servers/"
>http://www.hwg.org/lists/hwg-servers/</a>¿¡¼ ´õ ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ»
¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>±×¸®°í ¹°·Ð CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ µ¿ÀÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ³»¿ëÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ
CGI ±Ô¾àÀ» Àоî¾ß ÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. <a
href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/interface.html">NCSA</a>¿¡
¿øº» ¹®¼°¡ ÀÖ°í, ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ ÃʾÈÀº <a
href="http://web.golux.com/coar/cgi/">Common Gateway Interface
RFC ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®</a>¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.</p>
<p>¸ÞÀϸµ¸®½ºÆ®³ª ´º½º±×·ì¿¡ ÇöÀç °Ý°í ÀÖ´Â CGI ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ
Áú¹®ÇÒ¶§´Â ¹ß»ýÇÑ Çö»ó°ú ¿ø·¡ ±â´ëÇÑ °á°ú, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¹ß»ýÇÑ
Çö»óÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ´Ù¸¥Áö, »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼¹ö, CGI ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ
¾ð¾î, °¡´ÉÇϸé ÇØ´ç Äڵ带 ÀÚ¼¼È÷ Àû¾î¶ó. ±×·¯¸é ÇØ°áÃ¥À»
ã±â ½¬¿öÁø´Ù.</p>
<p>¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¼Ò½ºÄڵ尡 À߸øµÇ¾ú´Ù°í È®½ÅÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ CGI Áú¹®À»
¾ÆÆÄÄ¡ ¹ö±× µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ¿Ã¸®¸é <strong>Àý´ë·Î</strong>
¾ÈµÈ´Ù.</p>
</section>
</manualpage>
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