1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
|
*mlang.txt* For Vim version 7.0e. Last change: 2004 Feb 24
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
Multi-language features *multilang* *multi-lang*
This is about using messages and menus in various languages. For editing
multi-byte text see |multibyte|.
The basics are explained in the user manual: |usr_45.txt|.
1. Messages |multilang-messages|
2. Menus |multilang-menus|
3. Scripts |multilang-scripts|
Also see |help-translated| for multi-language help.
{Vi does not have any of these features}
{not available when compiled without the |+multi_lang| feature}
==============================================================================
1. Messages *multilang-messages*
Vim picks up the locale from the environment. In most cases this means Vim
will use the language that you prefer, unless it's not available.
To see a list of supported locale names on your system, look in one of these
directories (for Unix):
/usr/lib/locale ~
/usr/share/locale ~
Unfortunately, upper/lowercase differences matter. Also watch out for the
use of "-" and "_".
*:lan* *:lang* *:language* *E197*
:lan[guage]
:lan[guage] mes[sages]
:lan[guage] cty[pe]
:lan[guage] tim[e]
Print the current language (aka locale).
With the "messages" argument the language used for
messages is printed. Technical: LC_MESSAGES.
With the "ctype" argument the language used for
character encoding is printed. Technical: LC_CTYPE.
With the "time" argument the language used for
strftime() is printed. Technical: LC_TIME.
Without argument all parts of the locale are printed
(this is system dependent).
The current language can also be obtained with the
|v:lang|, |v:ctype| and |v:lc_time| variables.
:lan[guage] {name}
:lan[guage] mes[sages] {name}
:lan[guage] cty[pe] {name}
:lan[guage] tim[e] {name}
Set the current language (aka locale) to {name}.
The locale {name} must be a valid locale on your
system. Some systems accept aliases like "en" or
"en_US", but some only accept the full specification
like "en_US.ISO_8859-1".
With the "messages" argument the language used for
messages is set. This can be different when you want,
for example, English messages while editing Japanese
text. This sets $LC_MESSAGES.
With the "ctype" argument the language used for
character encoding is set. This affects the libraries
that Vim was linked with. It's unusual to set this to
a different value from 'encoding'. This sets
$LC_CTYPE.
With the "time" argument the language used for time
and date messages is set. This affects strftime().
This sets $LC_TIME.
Without an argument both are set, and additionally
$LANG is set.
This will make a difference for items that depend on
the language (some messages, time and date format).
Not fully supported on all systems
If this fails there will be an error message. If it
succeeds there is no message. Example: >
:language
Current language: C
:language de_DE.ISO_8859-1
:language mes
Current messages language: de_DE.ISO_8859-1
:lang mes en
<
MS-WINDOWS MESSAGE TRANSLATIONS *win32-gettext*
If you used the self-installing .exe file, message translations should work
already. Otherwise get the libintl.dll file if you don't have it yet:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/gettext
This also contains tools xgettext, msgformat and others.
libintl.dll should be placed in same directory with (g)vim.exe, or some
place where PATH environment value describe. Message files (vim.mo)
have to be placed in "$VIMRUNTIME/lang/xx/LC_MESSAGES", where "xx" is the
abbreviation of the language (mostly two letters).
If you write your own translations you need to generate the .po file and
convert it to a .mo file. You need to get the source distribution and read
the file "src/po/README.txt".
To overrule the automatic choice of the language, set the $LANG variable to
the language of your choice. use "en" to disable translations. >
:let $LANG = 'ja'
(text for Windows by Muraoka Taro)
==============================================================================
2. Menus *multilang-menus*
See |45.2| for the basics.
Note that if changes have been made to the menus after the translation was
done, some of the menus may be shown in English. Please try contacting the
maintainer of the translation and ask him to update it. You can find the
name and e-mail address of the translator in
"$VIMRUNTIME/lang/menu_<lang>.vim".
To set the font (or fontset) to use for the menus, use the |:highlight|
command. Example: >
:highlight Menu font=k12,r12
ALIAS LOCALE NAMES
Unfortunately, the locale names are different on various systems, even though
they are for the same language and encoding. If you do not get the menu
translations you expected, check the output of this command: >
echo v:lang
Now check the "$VIMRUNTIME/lang" directory for menu translation files that use
a similar language. A difference in a "-" being a "_" already causes a file
not to be found! Another common difference to watch out for is "iso8859-1"
versus "iso_8859-1". Fortunately Vim makes all names lowercase, thus you
don't have to worry about case differences. Spaces are changed to
underscores, to avoid having to escape them.
If you find a menu translation file for your language with a different name,
create a file in your own runtime directory to load that one. The name of
that file could be: >
~/.vim/lang/menu_<v:lang>.vim
Check the 'runtimepath' option for directories which are searched. In that
file put a command to load the menu file with the other name: >
runtime lang/menu_<other_lang>.vim
TRANSLATING MENUS
If you want to do your own translations, you can use the |:menutrans| command,
explained below. It is recommended to put the translations for one language
in a Vim script. For a language that has no translation yet, please consider
becoming the maintainer and make your translations available to all Vim users.
Send an e-mail to the Vim maintainer <maintainer@vim.org>.
*:menut* *:menutrans* *:menutranslate*
:menut[ranslate] clear
Clear all menu translations.
:menut[ranslate] {english} {mylang}
Translate menu name {english} to {mylang}. All
special characters like "&" and "<Tab>" need to be
included. Spaces and dots need to be escaped with a
backslash, just like in other |:menu| commands.
See the $VIMRUNTIME/lang directory for examples.
To try out your translations you first have to remove all menus. This is how
you can do it without restarting Vim: >
:source $VIMRUNTIME/delmenu.vim
:source <your-new-menu-file>
:source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim
Each part of a menu path is translated separately. The result is that when
"Help" is translated to "Hilfe" and "Overview" to "Überblick" then
"Help.Overview" will be translated to "Hilfe.Überblick".
==============================================================================
3. Scripts *multilang-scripts*
In Vim scripts you can use the |v:lang| variable to get the current language
(locale). The default value is "C" or comes from the $LANG environment
variable.
The following example shows how this variable is used in a simple way, to make
a message adapt to language preferences of the user, >
:if v:lang =~ "de_DE"
: echo "Guten Morgen"
:else
: echo "Good morning"
:endif
<
vim:tw=78:sw=4:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
|
