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+*vi_diff.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2004 Jun 08
+
+
+ VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
+
+
+Differences between Vim and Vi *vi-differences*
+
+Throughout the help files differences between Vim and Vi/Ex are given in
+curly braces, like "{not in Vi}". This file only lists what has not been
+mentioned in other files and gives an overview.
+
+Vim is mostly POSIX 1003.2-1 compliant. The only command known to be missing
+is ":open". There are probably a lot of small differences (either because Vim
+is missing something or because Posix is beside the mark).
+
+1. Missing commands |missing-commands|
+2. Missing options |missing-options|
+3. Limits |limits|
+4. The most interesting additions |vim-additions|
+5. Other vim features |other-features|
+6. Command-line arguments |cmdline-arguments|
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Missing commands *missing-commands*
+
+This command is in Vi, but not in Vim:
+
+:o[pen] {Vi: start editing in open mode} *:o* *:op* *:open*
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Missing options *missing-options*
+
+These options are in the Unix Vi, but not in Vim. If you try to set one of
+them you won't get an error message, but the value is not used and cannot be
+printed.
+
+autoprint (ap) boolean (default on) *'autoprint'* *'ap'*
+beautify (bf) boolean (default off) *'beautify'* *'bf'*
+flash (fl) boolean (default ??) *'flash'* *'fl'*
+graphic (gr) boolean (default off) *'graphic'* *'gr'*
+hardtabs (ht) number (default 8) *'hardtabs'* *'ht'*
+ number of spaces that a <Tab> moves on the display
+mesg boolean (default on) *'mesg'*
+novice boolean (default off) *'novice'*
+open boolean (default on) *'open'*
+optimize (op) boolean (default off) *'optimize'* *'op'*
+prompt boolean (default on) *'prompt'*
+redraw boolean (default off) *'redraw'*
+slowopen (slow) boolean (default off) *'slowopen'* *'slow'*
+sourceany boolean (default off) *'sourceany'*
+window (wi) number (default 23) *'window'* *'wi'*
+w300 number (default 23) *'w300'*
+w1200 number (default 23) *'w1200'*
+w9600 number (default 23) *'w9600'*
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Limits *limits*
+
+Vim has only a few limits for the files that can be edited {Vi: can not handle
+<Nul> characters and characters above 128, has limited line length, many other
+limits}.
+ *E340*
+Maximum line length On machines with 16-bit ints (Amiga and MS-DOS real
+ mode): 32767, otherwise 2147483647 characters.
+ Longer lines are split.
+Maximum number of lines 2147483647 lines.
+Maximum file size 2147483647 bytes (2 Gbyte) when a long integer is
+ 32 bits. Much more for 64 bit longs. Also limited
+ by available disk space for the |swap-file|.
+ *E75*
+Length of a file path Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256
+ characters (or as much as the system supports).
+Length of an expanded string option
+ Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256
+ characters
+Maximum display width Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 255
+ characters
+Maximum lhs of a mapping 50 characters.
+Number of highlighting different types: 223
+
+Information for undo and text in registers is kept in memory, thus when making
+(big) changes the amount of (virtual) memory available limits the number of
+undo levels and the text that can be kept in registers. Other things are also
+kept in memory: Command-line history, error messages for Quickfix mode, etc.
+
+Memory usage limits
+-------------------
+
+The option 'maxmem' ('mm') is used to set the maximum memory used for one
+buffer (in kilobytes). 'maxmemtot' is used to set the maximum memory used for
+all buffers (in kilobytes). The defaults depend on the system used. For the
+Amiga and MS-DOS, 'maxmemtot' is set depending on the amount of memory
+available. If you don't like Vim to swap to a file, set 'maxmem' and
+'maxmemtot' to a very large value. The swap file will then only be used for
+recovery. If you don't want a swap file at all, set 'updatecount' to 0, or
+use the "-n" argument when starting Vim. Note that the 'maxmem' option is
+only used when a buffer is created. Changing this option does not affect
+buffers that have already been loaded. Thus you can set it to different
+values for different files. 'maxmemtot' works always.
+
+==============================================================================
+4. The most interesting additions *vim-additions*
+
+Vi compatibility. |'compatible'|
+ Although Vim is 99% Vi compatible, some things in Vi can be
+ considered to be a bug, or at least need improvement. But still, Vim
+ starts in a mode which behaves like the "real" Vi as much as possible.
+ To make Vim behave a little bit better, try resetting the 'compatible'
+ option:
+ :set nocompatible
+ Or start Vim with the "-N" argument:
+ vim -N
+ This is done automatically if you have a .vimrc file. See |startup|.
+ The 'cpoptions' option can be used to set Vi compatibility on/off for
+ a number of specific items.
+
+Support for different systems.
+ Vim can be used on:
+ - All Unix systems (it works on all systems it was tested on, although
+ the GUI and Perl interface may not work everywhere).
+ - Amiga (500, 1000, 1200, 2000, 3000, 4000, ...).
+ - MS-DOS in real-mode (no additional drivers required).
+ - In protected mode on Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS (DPMI driver required).
+ - Windows 95 and Windows NT, with support for long file names.
+ - OS/2 (needs emx.dll)
+ - Atari MiNT
+ - VMS
+ - BeOS
+ - Macintosh
+ - Risc OS
+ - IBM OS/390
+
+Multi level undo. |undo|
+ 'u' goes backward in time, 'CTRL-R' goes forward again. Set option
+ 'undolevels' to the number of changes to be remembered (default 1000).
+ Set 'undolevels' to 0 for a vi-compatible one level undo. Set it to
+ -1 for no undo at all.
+
+ When all changes in a buffer have been undone, the buffer is not
+ considered changed anymore. You can exit it with :q, without <!>.
+
+Graphical User Interface (GUI) |gui|
+ Included support for GUI: menu's, mouse, scrollbars, etc. You can
+ define your own menus. Better support for CTRL/SHIFT/ALT keys in
+ combination with special keys and mouse. Supported for various
+ platforms, such as X11 (with Motif and Athena interfaces), GTK, Win32
+ (Windows 95 and later), BeOS, Amiga and Macintosh.
+
+Multiple windows and buffers. |windows.txt|
+ Vim can split the screen into several windows, each editing a
+ different buffer or the same buffer at a different location. Buffers
+ can still be loaded (and changed) but not displayed in a window. This
+ is called a hidden buffer. Many commands and options have been added
+ for this facility.
+
+Syntax highlighting. |:syntax|
+ Vim can highlight keywords, patterns and other things. This is
+ defined by a number of ":syntax" commands, and can be made to
+ highlight most languages and file types. A number of files are
+ included for highlighting the most common languages, like C, C++,
+ Java, Pascal, Makefiles, shell scripts, etc. The colors used for
+ highlighting can be defined for ordinary terminals, color terminals
+ and the GUI with the ":highlight" command.
+
+Folding |folding|
+ A range of lines can be shown as one "folded" line. This allows
+ overviewing a file and moving blocks of text around quickly.
+ Folds can be created manually, from the syntax of the file, by indent,
+ etc.
+
+Plugins |add-plugin|
+ The functionality can be extended by dropping a plugin file in the
+ right directory. That's an easy way to start using Vim scripts
+ written by others. Plugins can be for all kind of files, or
+ specifically for a filetype.
+
+Repeat a series of commands. |q|
+ "q{c}" starts recording typed characters into named register {c}
+ (append to the register if register name is uppercase). A subsequent
+ "q" stops recording. The register can then be executed with the
+ "@{c}" command. This is very useful to repeat a complex action.
+
+Flexible insert mode. |ins-special-special|
+ The arrow keys can be used in insert mode to move around in the file.
+ This breaks the insert in two parts as far as undo and redo is
+ concerned.
+
+ CTRL-O can be used to execute a single command-mode command. This is
+ almost the same as hitting <Esc>, typing the command and doing "a".
+
+Visual mode. |Visual-mode|
+ Visual can be used to first highlight a piece of text and then give a
+ command to do something with it. This is an (easy to use) alternative
+ to first giving the operator and then moving to the end of the text
+ to be operated upon. "v" and "V" are used to start Visual mode. "v"
+ works on characters and 'V' on lines. Move the cursor to extend the
+ Visual part. It is shown highlighted on the screen. By typing "o"
+ the other end of the Visual text can be moved. The Visual text can
+ be affected by an operator:
+ d delete
+ c change
+ y yank
+ > or < insert or delete indent
+ ! filter through external program
+ = filter through indent
+ : start ":" command for the Visual lines.
+ gq format text to 'textwidth' columns
+ J join lines
+ ~ swap case
+ u make lowercase
+ U make uppercase
+
+Block operators. |visual-block|
+ With Visual a rectangular block of text can be selected. Start Visual
+ with CTRL-V. The block can be deleted ("d"), yanked ("y") or its case
+ can be changed ("~", "u" and "U"). A deleted or yanked block can be
+ put into the text with the "p" and "P" commands.
+
+Online help system. |:help|
+ Help is displayed in a window. The usual commands can be used to
+ move around, search for a string, etc. Tags can be used to jump
+ around in the help files, just like hypertext links. The ":help"
+ command takes an argument to quickly jump to the info on a subject.
+ <F1> is the quick access to the help system. The name of the help
+ index file can be set with the 'helpfile' option.
+
+Command-line editing and history. |cmdline-editing|
+ You can insert or delete at any place in the command-line using the
+ cursor keys. The right/left cursor keys can be used to move
+ forward/backward one character. The shifted right/left cursor keys
+ can be used to move forward/backward one word. CTRL-B/CTRL-E can be
+ used to go to the begin/end of the command-line.
+
+ |cmdline-history|
+ The command-lines are remembered. The up/down cursor keys can be used
+ to recall previous command-lines. The 'history' option can be set to
+ the number of lines that will be remembered. There is a separate
+ history for commands and for search patterns.
+
+Command-line completion. |cmdline-completion|
+ While entering a command-line (on the bottom line of the screen)
+ <Tab> can be typed to complete
+ what example ~
+ - command :e<Tab>
+ - tag :ta scr<Tab>
+ - option :set sc<Tab>
+ - option value :set hf=<Tab>
+ - file name :e ve<Tab>
+ - etc.
+
+ If there are multiple matches, CTRL-N (next) and CTRL-P (previous)
+ will walk through the matches. <Tab> works like CTRL-N, but wraps
+ around to the first match.
+
+ The 'wildchar' option can be set to the character for command-line
+ completion, <Tab> is the default. CTRL-D can be typed after an
+ (incomplete) wildcard; all matches will be listed. CTRL-A will insert
+ all matches. CTRL-L will insert the longest common part of the
+ matches.
+
+Insert-mode completion |ins-completion|
+ In insert mode the CTRL-N and CTRL-P keys can be used to complete a
+ word that has previously been used. |i_CTRL-N|
+ With CTRL-X another mode is entered, through which completion can be
+ done for:
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F| file names
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K| words from 'dictionary' files
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-T| words from 'thesaurus' files
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I| words from included files
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L| whole lines
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]| words from the tags file
+ |i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D| definitions or macros
+
+Long line support |'wrap'| |'linebreak'|
+ If the 'wrap' option is off, long lines will not wrap and only part
+ of them will be shown. When the cursor is moved to a part that is not
+ shown, the screen will scroll horizontally. The minimum number of
+ columns to scroll can be set with the 'sidescroll' option. The "zh"
+ and "zl" commands can be used to scroll sideways.
+ Alternatively, long lines are broken in between words when the
+ 'linebreak' option is set. This allows editing a single-line
+ paragraph conveniently (e.g. when the text is later read into a DTP
+ program). Move the cursor up/down with the "gk" and "gj" commands.
+
+Text formatting. |formatting|
+ The 'textwidth' option can be used to automatically limit the line
+ length. This supplements the 'wrapmargin' option of Vi, which was not
+ very useful. The "gq" operator can be used to format a piece of text
+ (for example, "gqap" formats the current paragraph). Commands for
+ text alignment: ":center", ":left" and ":right".
+
+Extended search patterns |pattern|
+ There are many extra items to match various text items. Examples:
+ A "\n" can be used in a search pattern to match a line break.
+ "x\{2,4}" matches "x" 2 to 4 times.
+ "\s" matches a white space character.
+
+Edit-compile-edit speedup. |quickfix|
+ The ":make" command can be used to run the compilation and jump to
+ the first error. Alternatively Vim can be started with the "-q"
+ option from the compiler. A file with compiler error messages is
+ interpreted. Vim starts editing at the first error.
+
+ Each line in the error file is scanned for the name of a file, line
+ number and error message. The 'errorformat' option can be set to a
+ list of scanf-like strings to handle output from many compilers.
+
+ The ":cn" command can be used to jump to the next error.
+ ":cl" lists all the error messages. Other commands are available
+ (almost the same as with Manx's Z editor on the Amiga).
+ The 'makeef' option has the name of the file with error messages.
+ The 'makeprg' option contains the name of the program to be executed
+ with the ":make" command.
+ The 'shellpipe' option contains the string to be used to put the
+ output of the compiler into the errorfile.
+
+Improved indenting for C programs |'cindent'|
+ When the 'cindent' option is on the indent of each line is
+ automatically adjusted. C syntax is mostly recognized. The indent
+ for various styles can be set with 'cinoptions'. The keys to trigger
+ indenting can be set with 'cinkeys'.
+
+ Comments can be automatically formatted. The 'comments' option can be
+ set to the characters that start and end a comment. This works best
+ for C code, but also works for e-mail (">" at start of the line) and
+ other types of text. The "=" operator can be used to re-indent
+ lines.
+
+Searching for words in include files |include-search|
+ The "[i" command can be used to search for a match of the word under
+ the cursor in the current and included files. The 'include' option
+ can be set the a pattern that describes a command to include a file
+ (the default is for C programs).
+ The "[I" command lists all matches, the "[ CTRL-I" command jumps to
+ a match.
+ The "[d", "[D" and "[ CTRL-D" commands do the same, but only for
+ lines where the pattern given with the 'define' option matches.
+
+Automatic commands |autocommand|
+ Commands can be automatically executed when reading a file, writing a
+ file, jumping to another buffer, etc., depending on the file name.
+ This is useful to set options and mappings for C programs,
+ documentation, plain text, e-mail, etc. This also makes it possible
+ to edit compressed files.
+
+Scripts and Expressions |expression|
+ Commands have been added to form up a simple but powerful script
+ language.
+ |:if| Conditional execution, which can be used for example
+ to set options depending on the value of $TERM.
+ |:while| Repeat a number of commands.
+ |:echo| Print the result of an expression.
+ |:let| Assign a value to an internal variable, option, etc.
+ |:execute| Execute a command formed by an expression.
+ etc.
+
+Viminfo |viminfo-file|
+ The command-line history, marks and registers can be stored in a file
+ that is read on startup. This can be used to repeat a search command
+ or command-line command after exiting and restarting Vim. It is also
+ possible to jump right back to where the last edit stopped with "'0".
+ The 'viminfo' option can be set to select which items to store in the
+ .viminfo file. This is off by default.
+
+Mouse support |mouse-using|
+ The mouse is supported in the GUI version, in an xterm for Unix, for
+ Linux with gpm, for MS-DOS, and Win32. It can be used to position the
+ cursor, select the visual area, paste a register, etc.
+
+Usage of key names |<>| |key-notation|
+ Special keys now all have a name like <Up>, <End>, etc.
+ This name can be used in mappings, to make it easy to edit them.
+
+Editing binary files |edit-binary|
+ Vim can edit binary files. You can change a few characters in an
+ executable file, without corrupting it. Vim doesn't remove NUL
+ characters (they are represented as <NL> internally).
+ |-b| command-line argument to start editing a binary file
+ |'binary'| Option set by "-b". Prevents adding an <EOL> for the
+ last line in the file.
+
+Multi-language support |multi-lang|
+ Files in double-byte or multi-byte encodings can be edited. There is
+ UTF-8 support to be able to edit various languages at the same time,
+ without switching fonts. |UTF-8|
+ Messages and menus are available in different languages.
+
+==============================================================================
+5. Other vim features *other-features*
+
+A random collection of nice extra features.
+
+
+When Vim is started with "-s scriptfile", the characters read from
+"scriptfile" are treated as if you typed them. If end of file is reached
+before the editor exits, further characters are read from the console.
+
+The "-w" option can be used to record all typed characters in a script file.
+This file can then be used to redo the editing, possibly on another file or
+after changing some commands in the script file.
+
+The "-o" option opens a window for each argument. "-o4" opens four windows.
+
+Vi requires several termcap entries to be able to work full-screen. Vim only
+requires the "cm" entry (cursor motion).
+
+
+In command mode:
+
+When the 'showcmd' option is set, the command characters are shown in the last
+line of the screen. They are removed when the command is finished.
+
+If the 'ruler' option is set, the current cursor position is shown in the
+last line of the screen.
+
+"U" still works after having moved off the last changed line and after "u".
+
+Characters with the 8th bit set are displayed. The characters between '~' and
+0xa0 are displayed as "~?", "~@", "~A", etc., unless they are included in the
+'isprint' option.
+
+"][" goes to the next ending of a C function ('}' in column 1).
+"[]" goes to the previous ending of a C function ('}' in column 1).
+
+"]f", "[f" and "gf" start editing the file whose name is under the cursor.
+CTRL-W f splits the window and starts editing the file whose name is under
+the cursor.
+
+"*" searches forward for the identifier under the cursor, "#" backward.
+"K" runs the program defined by the 'keywordprg' option, with the identifier
+under the cursor as argument.
+
+"%" can be preceded with a count. The cursor jumps to the line that
+percentage down in the file. The normal "%" function to jump to the matching
+brace skips braces inside quotes.
+
+With the CTRL-] command, the cursor may be in the middle of the identifier.
+
+The used tags are remembered. Commands that can be used with the tag stack
+are CTRL-T, ":pop" and ":tag". ":tags" lists the tag stack.
+
+The 'tags' option can be set to a list of tag file names. Thus multiple
+tag files can be used. For file names that start with "./", the "./" is
+replaced with the path of the current file. This makes it possible to use a
+tags file in the same directory as the file being edited.
+
+Previously used file names are remembered in the alternate file name list.
+CTRL-^ accepts a count, which is an index in this list.
+":files" command shows the list of alternate file names.
+"#<N>" is replaced with the <N>th alternate file name in the list.
+"#<" is replaced with the current file name without extension.
+
+Search patterns have more features. The <NL> character is seen as part of the
+search pattern and the substitute string of ":s". Vi sees it as the end of
+the command.
+
+Searches can put the cursor on the end of a match and may include a character
+offset.
+
+Count added to "~", ":next", ":Next", "n" and "N".
+
+The command ":next!" with 'autowrite' set does not write the file. In vi the
+file was written, but this is considered to be a bug, because one does not
+expect it and the file is not written with ":rewind!".
+
+In Vi when entering a <CR> in replace mode deletes a character only when 'ai'
+is set (but does not show it until you hit <Esc>). Vim always deletes a
+character (and shows it immediately).
+
+Added :wnext command. Same as ":write" followed by ":next".
+
+The ":w!" command always writes, also when the file is write protected. In Vi
+you would have to do ":!chmod +w %" and ":set noro".
+
+When 'tildeop' has been set, "~" is an operator (must be followed by a
+movement command).
+
+With the "J" (join) command you can reset the 'joinspaces' option to have only
+one space after a period (Vi inserts two spaces).
+
+"cw" can be used to change white space formed by several characters (Vi is
+confusing: "cw" only changes one space, while "dw" deletes all white space).
+
+"o" and "O" accept a count for repeating the insert (Vi clears a part of
+display).
+
+Flags after Ex commands not supported (no plans to include it).
+
+On non-UNIX systems ":cd" command shows current directory instead of going to
+the home directory (there isn't one). ":pwd" prints the current directory on
+all systems.
+
+After a ":cd" command the file names (in the argument list, opened files)
+still point to the same files. In Vi ":cd" is not allowed in a changed file;
+otherwise the meaning of file names change.
+
+":source!" command reads Vi commands from a file.
+
+":mkexrc" command writes current modified options and mappings to a ".exrc"
+file. ":mkvimrc" writes to a ".vimrc" file.
+
+No check for "tail recursion" with mappings. This allows things like
+":map! foo ^]foo".
+
+When a mapping starts with number, vi loses the count typed before it (e.g.
+when using the mapping ":map g 4G" the command "7g" goes to line 4). This is
+considered a vi bug. Vim concatenates the counts (in the example it becomes
+"74G"), as most people would expect.
+
+The :put! command inserts the contents of a register above the current line.
+
+The "p" and "P" commands of vi cannot be repeated with "." when the putted
+text is less than a line. In Vim they can always be repeated.
+
+":noremap" command can be used to enter a mapping that will not be remapped.
+This is useful to exchange the meaning of two keys. ":cmap", ":cunmap" and
+":cnoremap" can be used for mapping in command-line editing only. ":imap",
+":iunmap" and ":inoremap" can be used for mapping in insert mode only.
+Similar commands exist for abbreviations: ":noreabbrev", ":iabbrev"
+":cabbrev", ":iunabbrev", ":cunabbrev", ":inoreabbrev", ":cnoreabbrev".
+
+In Vi the command ":map foo bar" would remove a previous mapping
+":map bug foo". This is considered a bug, so it is not included in Vim.
+":unmap! foo" does remove ":map! bug foo", because unmapping would be very
+difficult otherwise (this is vi compatible).
+
+The ':' register contains the last command-line.
+The '%' register contains the current file name.
+The '.' register contains the last inserted text.
+
+":dis" command shows the contents of the yank registers.
+
+CTRL-O/CTRL-I can be used to jump to older/newer positions. These are the
+same positions as used with the '' command, but may be in another file. The
+":jumps" command lists the older positions.
+
+If the 'shiftround' option is set, an indent is rounded to a multiple of
+'shiftwidth' with ">" and "<" commands.
+
+The 'scrolljump' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to scroll
+when the cursor gets off the screen. Use this when scrolling is slow.
+
+The 'scrolloff' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to keep
+above and below the cursor. This gives some context to where you are
+editing. When set to a large number the cursor line is always in the middle
+of the window.
+
+Uppercase marks can be used to jump between files. The ":marks" command lists
+all currently set marks. The commands "']" and "`]" jump to the end of the
+previous operator or end of the text inserted with the put command. "'[" and
+"`[" do jump to the start.
+
+The 'shelltype' option can be set to reflect the type of shell used on the
+Amiga.
+
+The 'highlight' option can be set for the highlight mode to be used for
+several commands.
+
+The CTRL-A (add) and CTRL-X (subtract) commands are new. The count to the
+command (default 1) is added to/subtracted from the number at or after the
+cursor. That number may be decimal, octal (starts with a '0') or hexadecimal
+(starts with '0x'). Very useful in macros.
+
+With the :set command the prefix "inv" can be used to invert boolean options.
+
+In both Vi and Vim you can create a line break with the ":substitute" command
+by using a CTRL-M. For Vi this means you cannot insert a real CTRL-M in the
+text. With Vim you can put a real CTRL-M in the text by preceding it with a
+CTRL-V.
+
+
+In Insert mode:
+
+If the 'revins' option is set, insert happens backwards. This is for typing
+Hebrew. When inserting normal characters the cursor will not be shifted and
+the text moves rightwards. Backspace, CTRL-W and CTRL-U will also work in
+the opposite direction. CTRL-B toggles the 'revins' option. In replace mode
+'revins' has no effect. Only when enabled at compile time.
+
+The backspace key can be used just like CTRL-D to remove auto-indents.
+
+You can backspace, CTRL-U and CTRL-W over line breaks if the 'backspace' (bs)
+option includes "eol". You can backspace over the start of insert if the
+'backspace' option includes "start".
+
+When the 'paste' option is set, a few option are reset and mapping in insert
+mode and abbreviation are disabled. This allows for pasting text in windowing
+systems without unexpected results. When the 'paste' option is reset, the old
+option values are restored.
+
+CTRL-T/CTRL-D always insert/delete an indent in the current line, no matter
+what column the cursor is in.
+
+CTRL-@ (insert previously inserted text) works always (Vi: only when typed as
+first character).
+
+CTRL-A works like CTRL-@ but does not leave insert mode.
+
+CTRL-R {0-9a-z..} can be used to insert the contents of a register.
+
+When the 'smartindent' option is set, C programs will be better auto-indented.
+With 'cindent' even more.
+
+CTRL-Y and CTRL-E can be used to copy a character from above/below the
+current cursor position.
+
+After CTRL-V you can enter a three digit decimal number. This byte value is
+inserted in the text as a single character. Useful for international
+characters that are not on your keyboard.
+
+When the 'expandtab' (et) option is set, a <Tab> is expanded to the
+appropriate number of spaces.
+
+The window always reflects the contents of the buffer (Vi does not do this
+when changing text and in some other cases).
+
+If Vim is compiled with DIGRAPHS defined, digraphs are supported. A set of
+normal digraphs is included. They are shown with the ":digraph" command.
+More can be added with ":digraph {char1}{char2} {number}". A digraph is
+entered with "CTRL-K {char1} {char2}" or "{char1} BS {char2}" (only when
+'digraph' option is set).
+
+When repeating an insert, e.g. "10atest <Esc>" vi would only handle wrapmargin
+for the first insert. Vim does it for all.
+
+A count to the "i" or "a" command is used for all the text. Vi uses the count
+only for one line. "3iabc<NL>def<Esc>" would insert "abcabcabc<NL>def" in Vi
+but "abc<NL>defabc<NL>defabc<NL>def" in Vim.
+
+
+In Command-line mode:
+
+<Esc> terminates the command-line without executing it. In vi the command
+line would be executed, which is not what most people expect (hitting <Esc>
+should always get you back to command mode). To avoid problems with some
+obscure macros, an <Esc> in a macro will execute the command. If you want a
+typed <Esc> to execute the command like vi does you can fix this with
+ ":cmap ^V<Esc> ^V<CR>"
+
+General:
+
+The 'ttimeout' option is like 'timeout', but only works for cursor and
+function keys, not for ordinary mapped characters. The 'timeoutlen' option
+gives the number of milliseconds that is waited for. If the 'esckeys' option
+is not set, cursor and function keys that start with <Esc> are not recognized
+in insert mode.
+
+There is an option for each terminal string. Can be used when termcap is not
+supported or to change individual strings.
+
+The 'fileformat' option can be set to select the <EOL>: "dos" <CR><NL>, "unix"
+<NL> or "mac" <CR>.
+When the 'fileformats' option is not empty, Vim tries to detect the type of
+<EOL> automatically. The 'fileformat' option is set accordingly.
+
+On systems that have no job control (older Unix systems and non-Unix systems)
+the CTRL-Z, ":stop" or ":suspend" command starts a new shell.
+
+If Vim is started on the Amiga without an interactive window for output, a
+window is opened (and :sh still works). You can give a device to use for
+editing with the |-d| argument, e.g. "-d con:20/20/600/150".
+
+The 'columns' and 'lines' options are used to set or get the width and height
+of the display.
+
+Option settings are read from the first and last few lines of the file.
+Option 'modelines' determines how many lines are tried (default is 5). Note
+that this is different from the Vi versions that can execute any Ex command
+in a modeline (a major security problem). |trojan-horse|
+
+If the 'insertmode' option is set (e.g. in .exrc), Vim starts in insert mode.
+And it comes back there, when pressing <Esc>.
+
+Undo information is kept in memory. Available memory limits the number and
+size of change that can be undone. This may be a problem with MS-DOS, is
+hardly a problem on the Amiga and almost never with Unix and Win32.
+
+If the 'backup' or 'writebackup' option is set: Before a file is overwritten,
+a backup file (.bak) is made. If the "backup" option is set it is left
+behind.
+
+Vim creates a file ending in ".swp" to store parts of the file that have been
+changed or that do not fit in memory. This file can be used to recover from
+an aborted editing session with "vim -r file". Using the swap file can be
+switched off by setting the 'updatecount' option to 0 or starting Vim with
+the "-n" option. Use the 'directory' option for placing the .swp file
+somewhere else.
+
+Vim is able to work correctly on filesystems with 8.3 file names, also when
+using messydos or crossdos filesystems on the Amiga, or any 8.3 mounted
+filesystem under Unix. See |'shortname'|.
+
+Error messages are shown at least one second (Vi overwrites error messages).
+
+If Vim gives the |hit-enter| prompt, you can hit any key. Characters other
+than <CR>, <NL> and <Space> are interpreted as the (start of) a command. (Vi
+only accepts a command starting with ':').
+
+The contents of the numbered and unnamed registers is remembered when
+changing files.
+
+The "No lines in buffer" message is a normal message instead of an error
+message, since that may cause a mapping to be aborted.
+
+The AUX: device of the Amiga is supported.
+
+==============================================================================
+6. Command-line arguments *cmdline-arguments*
+
+Different versions of Vi have different command-line arguments. This can be
+confusing. To help you, this section gives an overview of the differences.
+
+Five variants of Vi will be considered here:
+ Elvis Elvis version 2.1b
+ Nvi Nvi version 1.79
+ Posix Posix 1003.2
+ Vi Vi version 3.7 (for Sun 4.1.x)
+ Vile Vile version 7.4 (incomplete)
+ Vim Vim version 5.2
+
+Only Vim is able to accept options in between and after the file names.
+
++{command} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Same as "-c {command}".
+
+- Nvi, Posix, Vi: Run Ex in batch mode.
+ Vim: Read file from stdin (use -s for batch mode).
+
+-- Vim: End of options, only file names are following.
+
+--cmd {command} Vim: execute {command} before sourcing vimrc files.
+
+--echo-wid Vim: GTK+ echoes the Window ID on stdout
+
+--help Vim: show help message and exit.
+
+--literal Vim: take file names literally, don't expand wildcards.
+
+--nofork Vim: same as |-f|
+
+--noplugin[s] Vim: Skip loading plugins.
+
+--remote Vim: edit the files in another Vim server
+
+--remote-expr {expr} Vim: evaluate {expr} in another Vim server
+
+--remote-send {keys} Vim: send {keys} to a Vim server and exit
+
+--remote-silent {file} Vim: edit the files in another Vim server if possible
+
+--remote-wait Vim: edit the files in another Vim server and wait for it
+
+--remote-wait-silent Vim: like --remote-wait, no complaints if not possible
+
+--role {role} Vim: GTK+ 2: set role of main window
+
+--serverlist Vim: Output a list of Vim servers and exit
+
+--servername {name} Vim: Specify Vim server name
+
+--socketid {id} Vim: GTK window socket to run Vim in
+
+--version Vim: show version message and exit.
+
+-? Vile: print usage summary and exit.
+
+-a Elvis: Load all specified file names into a window (use -o for
+ Vim).
+
+-A Vim: Start in Arabic mode (when compiled with Arabic).
+
+-b {blksize} Elvis: Use {blksize} blocksize for the session file.
+-b Vim: set 'binary' mode.
+
+-C Vim: Compatible mode.
+
+-c {command} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vim: run {command} as an Ex command after
+ loading the edit buffer.
+ Vim: allow up to 10 "-c" arguments
+
+-d {device} Vim: Use {device} for I/O (Amiga only). {only when compiled
+ without the |+diff| feature}
+-d Vim: start with 'diff' set. |vimdiff|
+
+-dev {device} Vim: Use {device} for I/O (Amiga only).
+
+-D Vim: debug mode.
+
+-e Elvis, Nvi, Vim: Start in Ex mode, as if the executable is
+ called "ex".
+
+-E Vim: Start in improved Ex mode |gQ|, like "exim".
+
+-f Vim: Run GUI in foreground (Amiga: don't open new window).
+-f {session} Elvis: Use {session} as the session file.
+
+-F Vim: Start in Farsi mode (when compiled with Farsi).
+ Nvi: Fast start, don't read the entire file when editing
+ starts.
+
+-G {gui} Elvis: Use the {gui} as user interface.
+
+-g Vim: Start GUI.
+-g N Vile: start editing at line N
+
+-h Vim: Give help message.
+ Vile: edit the help file
+
+-H Vim: start Hebrew mode (when compiled with it).
+
+-i Elvis: Start each window in Insert mode.
+-i {viminfo} Vim: Use {viminfo} for viminfo file.
+
+-L Vim: Same as "-r" (also in some versions of Vi).
+
+-l Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options.
+
+-m Vim: Modifications not allowed to be written, resets 'write'
+ option.
+
+-M Vim: Modifications not allowed, resets 'modifiable' and the
+ 'write' option.
+
+-N Vim: No-compatible mode.
+
+-n Vim: No swap file used.
+
+-nb[args] Vim: open a NetBeans interface connection
+
+-O[N] Vim: Like -o, but use vertically split windows.
+
+-o[N] Vim: Open [N] windows, or one for each file.
+
+-P {parent-title} Win32 Vim: open Vim inside a parent application window
+
+-q {name} Vim: Use {name} for quickfix error file.
+-q{name} Vim: Idem.
+
+-R Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vile, Vim: Set the 'readonly' option.
+
+-r Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Recovery mode.
+
+-S Nvi: Set 'secure' option.
+-S {script} Vim: source script after starting up.
+
+-s Nvi, Posix, Vim: Same as "-" (silent mode), when in Ex mode.
+ Elvis: Sets the 'safer' option.
+-s {scriptin} Vim: Read from script file {scriptin}; only when not in Ex
+ mode.
+-s {pattern} Vile: search for {pattern}
+
+-t {tag} Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Edit the file containing {tag}.
+-t{tag} Vim: Idem.
+
+-T {term} Vim: Set terminal name to {term}.
+
+-u {vimrc} Vim: Read initializations from {vimrc} file.
+
+-U {gvimrc} Vim: Read GUI initializations from {gvimrc} file.
+
+-v Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Begin in Normal mode (visual mode, in Vi
+ terms).
+ Vile: View mode, no changes possible.
+
+-V Elvis, Vim: Verbose mode.
+-V{nr} Vim: Verbose mode with specified level.
+
+-w {size} Elvis, Posix, Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set value of 'window' to {size}.
+-w{size} Nvi, Vi: Same as "-w {size}".
+-w {name} Vim: Write to script file {name} (must start with non-digit).
+
+-W {name} Vim: Append to script file {name}.
+
+-x Vi, Vim: Ask for encryption key. See |encryption|.
+
+-X Vim: Don't connect to the X server.
+
+-y Vim: Start in easy mode, like |evim|.
+
+-Z Vim: restricted mode
+
+@{cmdfile} Vile: use {cmdfile} as startup file.
+
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: