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+*undo.txt* For Vim version 7.0aa. Last change: 2003 Oct 21
+
+
+ VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
+
+
+Undo and redo *undo-redo*
+
+The basics are explained in section |02.5| of the user manual.
+
+1. Undo and redo commands |undo-commands|
+2. Two ways of undo |undo-two-ways|
+3. Remarks about undo |undo-remarks|
+
+==============================================================================
+1. Undo and redo commands *undo-commands*
+
+<Undo> or *undo* *<Undo>* *u*
+u Undo [count] changes. {Vi: only one level}
+
+ *:u* *:un* *:undo*
+:u[ndo] Undo one change. {Vi: only one level}
+
+ *CTRL-R*
+CTRL-R Redo [count] changes which were undone. {Vi: redraw
+ screen}
+
+ *:red* *:redo* *redo*
+:red[o] Redo one change which was undone. {Vi: no redo}
+
+ *U*
+U Undo all latest changes on one line. {Vi: while not
+ moved off of it}
+
+The last changes are remembered. You can use the undo and redo commands above
+to revert the text to how it was before each change. You can also apply the
+changes again, getting back the text before the undo.
+
+The "U" command is treated by undo/redo just like any other command. Thus a
+"u" command undoes a "U" command and a 'CTRL-R' command redoes it again. When
+mixing "U", "u" and 'CTRL-R' you will notice that the "U" command will
+restore the situation of a line to before the previous "U" command. This may
+be confusing. Try it out to get used to it.
+The "U" command will always mark the buffer as changed. When "U" changes the
+buffer back to how it was without changes, it is still considered changed.
+Use "u" to undo changes until the buffer becomes unchanged.
+
+==============================================================================
+2. Two ways of undo *undo-two-ways*
+
+How undo and redo commands work depends on the 'u' flag in 'cpoptions'.
+There is the Vim way ('u' excluded) and the vi-compatible way ('u' included).
+In the Vim way, "uu" undoes two changes. In the Vi-compatible way, "uu" does
+nothing (undoes an undo).
+
+'u' excluded, the Vim way:
+You can go back in time with the undo command. You can then go forward again
+with the redo command. If you make a new change after the undo command,
+the redo will not be possible anymore.
+
+'u' included, the Vi-compatible way:
+The undo command undoes the previous change, and also the previous undo command.
+The redo command repeats the previous undo command. It does NOT repeat a
+change command, use "." for that.
+
+Examples Vim way Vi-compatible way ~
+"uu" two times undo no-op
+"u CTRL-R" no-op two times undo
+
+Rationale: Nvi uses the "." command instead of CTRL-R. Unfortunately, this
+ is not Vi compatible. For example "dwdwu." in Vi deletes two
+ words, in Nvi it does nothing.
+
+==============================================================================
+3. Remarks about undo *undo-remarks*
+
+The number of changes that are remembered is set with the 'undolevels' option.
+If it is zero, the Vi-compatible way is always used. If it is negative no
+undo is possible. Use this if you are running out of memory.
+
+Marks for the buffer ('a to 'z) are also saved and restored, together with the
+text. {Vi does this a little bit different}
+
+When all changes have been undone, the buffer is not considered to be changed.
+It is then possible to exit Vim with ":q" instead of ":q!" {not in Vi}. Note
+that this is relative to the last write of the file. Typing "u" after ":w"
+actually changes the buffer, compared to what was written, so the buffer is
+considered changed then.
+
+When manual |folding| is being used, the folds are not saved and restored.
+Only changes completely within a fold will keep the fold as it was, because
+the first and last line of the fold don't change.
+
+The numbered registers can also be used for undoing deletes. Each time you
+delete text, it is put into register "1. The contents of register "1 are
+shifted to "2, etc. The contents of register "9 are lost. You can now get
+back the most recent deleted text with the put command: '"1P'. (also, if the
+deleted text was the result of the last delete or copy operation, 'P' or 'p'
+also works as this puts the contents of the unnamed register). You can get
+back the text of three deletes ago with '"3P'.
+
+ *redo-register*
+If you want to get back more than one part of deleted text, you can use a
+special feature of the repeat command ".". It will increase the number of the
+register used. So if you first do ""1P", the following "." will result in a
+'"2P'. Repeating this will result in all numbered registers being inserted.
+
+Example: If you deleted text with 'dd....' it can be restored with
+ '"1P....'.
+
+If you don't know in which register the deleted text is, you can use the
+:display command. An alternative is to try the first register with '"1P', and
+if it is not what you want do 'u.'. This will remove the contents of the
+first put, and repeat the put command for the second register. Repeat the
+'u.' until you got what you want.
+
+ vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: